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1.1 |
=head1 NAME |
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AnyEvent::HTTP - simple but non-blocking HTTP/HTTPS client |
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=head1 SYNOPSIS |
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use AnyEvent::HTTP; |
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=head1 DESCRIPTION |
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This module is an L<AnyEvent> user, you need to make sure that you use and |
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run a supported event loop. |
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1.11 |
This module implements a simple, stateless and non-blocking HTTP |
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client. It supports GET, POST and other request methods, cookies and more, |
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all on a very low level. It can follow redirects supports proxies and |
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automatically limits the number of connections to the values specified in |
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the RFC. |
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It should generally be a "good client" that is enough for most HTTP |
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tasks. Simple tasks should be simple, but complex tasks should still be |
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possible as the user retains control over request and response headers. |
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The caller is responsible for authentication management, cookies (if |
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the simplistic implementation in this module doesn't suffice), referer |
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and other high-level protocol details for which this module offers only |
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limited support. |
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1.1 |
=head2 METHODS |
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=over 4 |
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=cut |
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package AnyEvent::HTTP; |
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use strict; |
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no warnings; |
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use Carp; |
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use AnyEvent (); |
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use AnyEvent::Util (); |
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use AnyEvent::Socket (); |
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use AnyEvent::Handle (); |
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use base Exporter::; |
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our $VERSION = '1.0'; |
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our @EXPORT = qw(http_get http_request); |
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our $USERAGENT = "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; AnyEvent::HTTP/$VERSION; +http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/AnyEvent)"; |
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1.3 |
our $MAX_RECURSE = 10; |
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1.2 |
our $MAX_PERSISTENT = 8; |
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our $PERSISTENT_TIMEOUT = 2; |
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our $TIMEOUT = 300; |
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1.1 |
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# changing these is evil |
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our $MAX_PERSISTENT_PER_HOST = 2; |
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1.11 |
our $MAX_PER_HOST = 4; |
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1.1 |
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1.2 |
our $PROXY; |
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1.1 |
my %KA_COUNT; # number of open keep-alive connections per host |
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1.11 |
my %CO_SLOT; # number of open connections, and wait queue, per host |
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1.1 |
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=item http_get $url, key => value..., $cb->($data, $headers) |
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Executes an HTTP-GET request. See the http_request function for details on |
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additional parameters. |
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1.5 |
=item http_head $url, key => value..., $cb->($data, $headers) |
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Executes an HTTP-HEAD request. See the http_request function for details on |
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additional parameters. |
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=item http_post $url, $body, key => value..., $cb->($data, $headers) |
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1.3 |
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1.7 |
Executes an HTTP-POST request with a request body of C<$bod>. See the |
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1.3 |
http_request function for details on additional parameters. |
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1.1 |
=item http_request $method => $url, key => value..., $cb->($data, $headers) |
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Executes a HTTP request of type C<$method> (e.g. C<GET>, C<POST>). The URL |
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must be an absolute http or https URL. |
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1.2 |
The callback will be called with the response data as first argument |
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(or C<undef> if it wasn't available due to errors), and a hash-ref with |
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response headers as second argument. |
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1.7 |
All the headers in that hash are lowercased. In addition to the response |
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1.2 |
headers, the three "pseudo-headers" C<HTTPVersion>, C<Status> and |
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C<Reason> contain the three parts of the HTTP Status-Line of the same |
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1.10 |
name. If the server sends a header multiple lines, then their contents |
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will be joined together with C<\x00>. |
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1.2 |
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If an internal error occurs, such as not being able to resolve a hostname, |
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then C<$data> will be C<undef>, C<< $headers->{Status} >> will be C<599> |
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and the C<Reason> pseudo-header will contain an error message. |
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1.6 |
A typical callback might look like this: |
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sub { |
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my ($body, $hdr) = @_; |
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if ($hdr->{Status} =~ /^2/) { |
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... everything should be ok |
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} else { |
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print "error, $hdr->{Status} $hdr->{Reason}\n"; |
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} |
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} |
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1.1 |
Additional parameters are key-value pairs, and are fully optional. They |
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include: |
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=over 4 |
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1.3 |
=item recurse => $count (default: $MAX_RECURSE) |
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1.1 |
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Whether to recurse requests or not, e.g. on redirects, authentication |
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1.3 |
retries and so on, and how often to do so. |
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1.1 |
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=item headers => hashref |
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1.12 |
The request headers to use. Currently, C<http_request> may provide its |
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own C<Host:>, C<Content-Length:>, C<Connection:> and C<Cookie:> headers |
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and will provide defaults for C<User-Agent:> and C<Referer:>. |
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1.1 |
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=item timeout => $seconds |
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The time-out to use for various stages - each connect attempt will reset |
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1.2 |
the timeout, as will read or write activity. Default timeout is 5 minutes. |
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=item proxy => [$host, $port[, $scheme]] or undef |
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Use the given http proxy for all requests. If not specified, then the |
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default proxy (as specified by C<$ENV{http_proxy}>) is used. |
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C<$scheme> must be either missing or C<http> for HTTP, or C<https> for |
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HTTPS. |
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1.1 |
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1.3 |
=item body => $string |
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The request body, usually empty. Will be-sent as-is (future versions of |
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this module might offer more options). |
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1.10 |
=item cookie_jar => $hash_ref |
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Passing this parameter enables (simplified) cookie-processing, loosely |
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based on the original netscape specification. |
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The C<$hash_ref> must be an (initially empty) hash reference which will |
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get updated automatically. It is possible to save the cookie_jar to |
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persistent storage with something like JSON or Storable, but this is not |
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recommended, as expire times are currently being ignored. |
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Note that this cookie implementation is not of very high quality, nor |
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meant to be complete. If you want complete cookie management you have to |
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do that on your own. C<cookie_jar> is meant as a quick fix to get some |
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cookie-using sites working. Cookies are a privacy disaster, do not use |
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them unless required to. |
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1.1 |
=back |
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1.9 |
Example: make a simple HTTP GET request for http://www.nethype.de/ |
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http_request GET => "http://www.nethype.de/", sub { |
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my ($body, $hdr) = @_; |
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print "$body\n"; |
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}; |
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Example: make a HTTP HEAD request on https://www.google.com/, use a |
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timeout of 30 seconds. |
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http_request |
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GET => "https://www.google.com", |
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timeout => 30, |
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sub { |
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my ($body, $hdr) = @_; |
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use Data::Dumper; |
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print Dumper $hdr; |
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} |
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; |
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1.1 |
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=cut |
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1.12 |
sub _slot_schedule; |
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1.11 |
sub _slot_schedule($) { |
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my $host = shift; |
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while ($CO_SLOT{$host}[0] < $MAX_PER_HOST) { |
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if (my $cb = shift @{ $CO_SLOT{$host}[1] }) { |
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1.12 |
# somebody wants that slot |
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1.11 |
++$CO_SLOT{$host}[0]; |
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$cb->(AnyEvent::Util::guard { |
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--$CO_SLOT{$host}[0]; |
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_slot_schedule $host; |
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}); |
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} else { |
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# nobody wants the slot, maybe we can forget about it |
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delete $CO_SLOT{$host} unless $CO_SLOT{$host}[0]; |
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last; |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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# wait for a free slot on host, call callback |
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sub _get_slot($$) { |
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push @{ $CO_SLOT{$_[0]}[1] }, $_[1]; |
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_slot_schedule $_[0]; |
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} |
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1.1 |
sub http_request($$$;@) { |
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my $cb = pop; |
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my ($method, $url, %arg) = @_; |
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my %hdr; |
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1.3 |
$method = uc $method; |
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1.8 |
if (my $hdr = $arg{headers}) { |
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1.1 |
while (my ($k, $v) = each %$hdr) { |
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$hdr{lc $k} = $v; |
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} |
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} |
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1.8 |
my $recurse = exists $arg{recurse} ? $arg{recurse} : $MAX_RECURSE; |
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return $cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "recursion limit reached" }) |
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if $recurse < 0; |
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1.2 |
my $proxy = $arg{proxy} || $PROXY; |
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1.1 |
my $timeout = $arg{timeout} || $TIMEOUT; |
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$hdr{"user-agent"} ||= $USERAGENT; |
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1.10 |
my ($scheme, $authority, $upath, $query, $fragment) = |
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$url =~ m|(?:([^:/?#]+):)?(?://([^/?#]*))?([^?#]*)(?:\?([^#]*))?(?:#(.*))?|; |
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1.2 |
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1.10 |
$scheme = lc $scheme; |
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1.1 |
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1.10 |
my $uport = $scheme eq "http" ? 80 |
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: $scheme eq "https" ? 443 |
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: return $cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "only http and https URL schemes supported" }); |
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$authority =~ /^(?: .*\@ )? ([^\@:]+) (?: : (\d+) )?$/x |
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or return $cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "unparsable URL" }); |
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my $uhost = $1; |
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$uport = $2 if defined $2; |
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$uhost =~ s/^\[(.*)\]$/$1/; |
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$upath .= "?$query" if length $query; |
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$upath =~ s%^/?%/%; |
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1.12 |
$hdr{referer} ||= "$scheme://$authority$upath"; |
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1.10 |
# cookie processing |
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if (my $jar = $arg{cookie_jar}) { |
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%$jar = () if $jar->{version} < 1; |
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my @cookie; |
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while (my ($chost, $v) = each %$jar) { |
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next unless $chost eq substr $uhost, -length $chost; |
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next unless $chost =~ /^\./; |
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while (my ($cpath, $v) = each %$v) { |
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next unless $cpath eq substr $upath, 0, length $cpath; |
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while (my ($k, $v) = each %$v) { |
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next if $scheme ne "https" && exists $v->{secure}; |
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push @cookie, "$k=$v->{value}"; |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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$hdr{cookie} = join "; ", @cookie |
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if @cookie; |
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} |
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1.1 |
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1.10 |
my ($rhost, $rport, $rpath); # request host, port, path |
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1.2 |
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1.10 |
if ($proxy) { |
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($rhost, $rport, $scheme) = @$proxy; |
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$rpath = $url; |
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} else { |
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($rhost, $rport, $rpath) = ($uhost, $uport, $upath); |
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$hdr{host} = $uhost; |
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1.2 |
} |
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1.10 |
$hdr{"content-length"} = length $arg{body}; |
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1.1 |
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1.11 |
my %state = (connect_guard => 1); |
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_get_slot $uhost, sub { |
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$state{slot_guard} = shift; |
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1.1 |
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1.11 |
return unless $state{connect_guard}; |
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1.1 |
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1.11 |
$state{connect_guard} = AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect $rhost, $rport, sub { |
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$state{fh} = shift |
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or return $cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "$!" }); |
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delete $state{connect_guard}; # reduce memory usage, save a tree |
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# get handle |
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$state{handle} = new AnyEvent::Handle |
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fh => $state{fh}, |
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($scheme eq "https" ? (tls => "connect") : ()); |
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# limit the number of persistent connections |
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if ($KA_COUNT{$_[1]} < $MAX_PERSISTENT_PER_HOST) { |
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++$KA_COUNT{$_[1]}; |
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$state{handle}{ka_count_guard} = AnyEvent::Util::guard { --$KA_COUNT{$_[1]} }; |
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$hdr{connection} = "keep-alive"; |
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delete $hdr{connection}; # keep-alive not yet supported |
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} else { |
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delete $hdr{connection}; |
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} |
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1.1 |
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1.11 |
# (re-)configure handle |
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$state{handle}->timeout ($timeout); |
328 |
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$state{handle}->on_error (sub { |
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%state = (); |
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$cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "$!" }); |
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}); |
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$state{handle}->on_eof (sub { |
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%state = (); |
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$cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "unexpected end-of-file" }); |
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}); |
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1.1 |
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1.11 |
# send request |
338 |
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$state{handle}->push_write ( |
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"$method $rpath HTTP/1.0\015\012" |
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. (join "", map "$_: $hdr{$_}\015\012", keys %hdr) |
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. "\015\012" |
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. (delete $arg{body}) |
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); |
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1.1 |
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1.11 |
%hdr = (); # reduce memory usage, save a kitten |
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1.1 |
|
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1.11 |
# status line |
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$state{handle}->push_read (line => qr/\015?\012/, sub { |
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$_[1] =~ /^HTTP\/([0-9\.]+) \s+ ([0-9]{3}) \s+ ([^\015\012]+)/ix |
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or return (%state = (), $cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "invalid server response ($_[1])" })); |
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my %hdr = ( # response headers |
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HTTPVersion => "\x00$1", |
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Status => "\x00$2", |
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Reason => "\x00$3", |
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); |
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# headers, could be optimized a bit |
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$state{handle}->unshift_read (line => qr/\015?\012\015?\012/, sub { |
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for ("$_[1]\012") { |
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# we support spaces in field names, as lotus domino |
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# creates them. |
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$hdr{lc $1} .= "\x00$2" |
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while /\G |
365 |
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([^:\000-\037]+): |
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[\011\040]* |
367 |
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((?: [^\015\012]+ | \015?\012[\011\040] )*) |
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\015?\012 |
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/gxc; |
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1.10 |
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1.11 |
/\G$/ |
372 |
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or return (%state = (), $cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "garbled response headers" })); |
373 |
root |
1.10 |
} |
374 |
|
|
|
375 |
root |
1.11 |
substr $_, 0, 1, "" |
376 |
|
|
for values %hdr; |
377 |
|
|
|
378 |
|
|
my $finish = sub { |
379 |
|
|
%state = (); |
380 |
root |
1.10 |
|
381 |
root |
1.11 |
# set-cookie processing |
382 |
|
|
if ($arg{cookie_jar} && exists $hdr{"set-cookie"}) { |
383 |
|
|
for (split /\x00/, $hdr{"set-cookie"}) { |
384 |
|
|
my ($cookie, @arg) = split /;\s*/; |
385 |
|
|
my ($name, $value) = split /=/, $cookie, 2; |
386 |
|
|
my %kv = (value => $value, map { split /=/, $_, 2 } @arg); |
387 |
|
|
|
388 |
|
|
my $cdom = (delete $kv{domain}) || $uhost; |
389 |
|
|
my $cpath = (delete $kv{path}) || "/"; |
390 |
|
|
|
391 |
|
|
$cdom =~ s/^.?/./; # make sure it starts with a "." |
392 |
|
|
|
393 |
|
|
next if $cdom =~ /\.$/; |
394 |
|
|
|
395 |
|
|
# this is not rfc-like and not netscape-like. go figure. |
396 |
|
|
my $ndots = $cdom =~ y/.//; |
397 |
|
|
next if $ndots < ($cdom =~ /\.[^.][^.]\.[^.][^.]$/ ? 3 : 2); |
398 |
|
|
|
399 |
|
|
# store it |
400 |
|
|
$arg{cookie_jar}{version} = 1; |
401 |
|
|
$arg{cookie_jar}{$cdom}{$cpath}{$name} = \%kv; |
402 |
|
|
} |
403 |
|
|
} |
404 |
root |
1.8 |
|
405 |
root |
1.11 |
if ($_[1]{Status} =~ /^x30[12]$/ && $recurse) { |
406 |
|
|
# microsoft and other assholes don't give a shit for following standards, |
407 |
|
|
# try to support a common form of broken Location header. |
408 |
|
|
$_[1]{location} =~ s%^/%$scheme://$uhost:$uport/%; |
409 |
|
|
|
410 |
|
|
http_request ($method, $_[1]{location}, %arg, recurse => $recurse - 1, $cb); |
411 |
|
|
} else { |
412 |
|
|
$cb->($_[0], $_[1]); |
413 |
|
|
} |
414 |
|
|
}; |
415 |
root |
1.3 |
|
416 |
root |
1.11 |
if ($hdr{Status} =~ /^(?:1..|204|304)$/ or $method eq "HEAD") { |
417 |
|
|
$finish->(undef, \%hdr); |
418 |
root |
1.3 |
} else { |
419 |
root |
1.11 |
if (exists $hdr{"content-length"}) { |
420 |
|
|
$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $hdr{"content-length"}, sub { |
421 |
|
|
# could cache persistent connection now |
422 |
|
|
if ($hdr{connection} =~ /\bkeep-alive\b/i) { |
423 |
|
|
# but we don't, due to misdesigns, this is annoyingly complex |
424 |
|
|
}; |
425 |
|
|
|
426 |
|
|
$finish->($_[1], \%hdr); |
427 |
|
|
}); |
428 |
|
|
} else { |
429 |
|
|
# too bad, need to read until we get an error or EOF, |
430 |
|
|
# no way to detect winged data. |
431 |
|
|
$_[0]->on_error (sub { |
432 |
|
|
$finish->($_[0]{rbuf}, \%hdr); |
433 |
|
|
}); |
434 |
|
|
$_[0]->on_eof (undef); |
435 |
|
|
$_[0]->on_read (sub { }); |
436 |
|
|
} |
437 |
root |
1.3 |
} |
438 |
root |
1.11 |
}); |
439 |
root |
1.1 |
}); |
440 |
root |
1.11 |
}, sub { |
441 |
|
|
$timeout |
442 |
|
|
}; |
443 |
root |
1.1 |
}; |
444 |
|
|
|
445 |
|
|
defined wantarray && AnyEvent::Util::guard { %state = () } |
446 |
|
|
} |
447 |
|
|
|
448 |
|
|
sub http_get($$;@) { |
449 |
|
|
unshift @_, "GET"; |
450 |
|
|
&http_request |
451 |
|
|
} |
452 |
|
|
|
453 |
root |
1.4 |
sub http_head($$;@) { |
454 |
|
|
unshift @_, "HEAD"; |
455 |
|
|
&http_request |
456 |
|
|
} |
457 |
|
|
|
458 |
root |
1.3 |
sub http_post($$$;@) { |
459 |
|
|
unshift @_, "POST", "body"; |
460 |
|
|
&http_request |
461 |
|
|
} |
462 |
|
|
|
463 |
root |
1.9 |
=back |
464 |
|
|
|
465 |
root |
1.2 |
=head2 GLOBAL FUNCTIONS AND VARIABLES |
466 |
root |
1.1 |
|
467 |
|
|
=over 4 |
468 |
|
|
|
469 |
root |
1.2 |
=item AnyEvent::HTTP::set_proxy "proxy-url" |
470 |
|
|
|
471 |
|
|
Sets the default proxy server to use. The proxy-url must begin with a |
472 |
|
|
string of the form C<http://host:port> (optionally C<https:...>). |
473 |
|
|
|
474 |
root |
1.3 |
=item $AnyEvent::HTTP::MAX_RECURSE |
475 |
root |
1.1 |
|
476 |
root |
1.3 |
The default value for the C<recurse> request parameter (default: C<10>). |
477 |
root |
1.1 |
|
478 |
|
|
=item $AnyEvent::HTTP::USERAGENT |
479 |
|
|
|
480 |
|
|
The default value for the C<User-Agent> header (the default is |
481 |
|
|
C<Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; AnyEvent::HTTP/$VERSION; +http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/AnyEvent)>). |
482 |
|
|
|
483 |
|
|
=item $AnyEvent::HTTP::MAX_PERSISTENT |
484 |
|
|
|
485 |
|
|
The maximum number of persistent connections to keep open (default: 8). |
486 |
|
|
|
487 |
root |
1.3 |
Not implemented currently. |
488 |
|
|
|
489 |
root |
1.1 |
=item $AnyEvent::HTTP::PERSISTENT_TIMEOUT |
490 |
|
|
|
491 |
root |
1.2 |
The maximum time to cache a persistent connection, in seconds (default: 2). |
492 |
root |
1.1 |
|
493 |
root |
1.3 |
Not implemented currently. |
494 |
|
|
|
495 |
root |
1.1 |
=back |
496 |
|
|
|
497 |
|
|
=cut |
498 |
|
|
|
499 |
root |
1.2 |
sub set_proxy($) { |
500 |
|
|
$PROXY = [$2, $3 || 3128, $1] if $_[0] =~ m%^(https?):// ([^:/]+) (?: : (\d*) )?%ix; |
501 |
|
|
} |
502 |
|
|
|
503 |
|
|
# initialise proxy from environment |
504 |
|
|
set_proxy $ENV{http_proxy}; |
505 |
|
|
|
506 |
root |
1.1 |
=head1 SEE ALSO |
507 |
|
|
|
508 |
|
|
L<AnyEvent>. |
509 |
|
|
|
510 |
|
|
=head1 AUTHOR |
511 |
|
|
|
512 |
|
|
Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
513 |
|
|
http://home.schmorp.de/ |
514 |
|
|
|
515 |
|
|
=cut |
516 |
|
|
|
517 |
|
|
1 |
518 |
|
|
|