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Revision 1.10 by root, Thu Jun 5 13:06:43 2008 UTC vs.
Revision 1.128 by root, Sat Nov 26 03:45:33 2016 UTC

…		…
3	AnyEvent::HTTP - simple but non-blocking HTTP/HTTPS client	3	AnyEvent::HTTP - simple but non-blocking HTTP/HTTPS client
4		4
5	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
6		6
7	use AnyEvent::HTTP;	7	use AnyEvent::HTTP;
		8
		9	http_get "http://www.nethype.de/", sub { print $_[1] };
		10
		11	# ... do something else here
8		12
9	=head1 DESCRIPTION	13	=head1 DESCRIPTION
10		14
11	This module is an L<AnyEvent> user, you need to make sure that you use and	15	This module is an L<AnyEvent> user, you need to make sure that you use and
12	run a supported event loop.	16	run a supported event loop.
13		17
		18	This module implements a simple, stateless and non-blocking HTTP
		19	client. It supports GET, POST and other request methods, cookies and more,
		20	all on a very low level. It can follow redirects, supports proxies, and
		21	automatically limits the number of connections to the values specified in
		22	the RFC.
		23
		24	It should generally be a "good client" that is enough for most HTTP
		25	tasks. Simple tasks should be simple, but complex tasks should still be
		26	possible as the user retains control over request and response headers.
		27
		28	The caller is responsible for authentication management, cookies (if
		29	the simplistic implementation in this module doesn't suffice), referer
		30	and other high-level protocol details for which this module offers only
		31	limited support.
		32
14	=head2 METHODS	33	=head2 METHODS
15		34
16	=over 4	35	=over 4
17		36
18	=cut	37	=cut
19		38
20	package AnyEvent::HTTP;	39	package AnyEvent::HTTP;
21		40
22	use strict;	41	use common::sense;
23	no warnings;
24		42
25	use Carp;	43	use Errno ();
26		44
27	use AnyEvent ();	45	use AnyEvent 5.0 ();
28	use AnyEvent::Util ();	46	use AnyEvent::Util ();
29	use AnyEvent::Socket ();
30	use AnyEvent::Handle ();	47	use AnyEvent::Handle ();
31		48
32	use base Exporter::;	49	use base Exporter::;
33		50
34	our $VERSION = '1.0';	51	our $VERSION = 2.24;
35		52
36	our @EXPORT = qw(http_get http_request);	53	our @EXPORT = qw(http_get http_post http_head http_request);
37		54
38	our $USERAGENT = "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; AnyEvent::HTTP/$VERSION; +http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/AnyEvent)";	55	our $USERAGENT = "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; U; AnyEvent-HTTP/$VERSION; +http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/AnyEvent)";
39	our $MAX_RECURSE = 10;	56	our $MAX_RECURSE = 10;
40	our $MAX_PERSISTENT = 8;
41	our $PERSISTENT_TIMEOUT = 2;	57	our $PERSISTENT_TIMEOUT = 3;
42	our $TIMEOUT = 300;	58	our $TIMEOUT = 300;
43		59	our $MAX_PER_HOST = 4; # changing this is evil
44	# changing these is evil
45	our $MAX_PERSISTENT_PER_HOST = 2;
46	our $MAX_PER_HOST = 4; # not respected yet :(
47		60
48	our $PROXY;	61	our $PROXY;
		62	our $ACTIVE = 0;
49		63
50	my %KA_COUNT; # number of open keep-alive connections per host	64	my %KA_CACHE; # indexed by uhost currently, points to [$handle...] array
		65	my %CO_SLOT; # number of open connections, and wait queue, per host
51		66
52	=item http_get $url, key => value..., $cb->($data, $headers)	67	=item http_get $url, key => value..., $cb->($data, $headers)
53		68
54	Executes an HTTP-GET request. See the http_request function for details on	69	Executes an HTTP-GET request. See the http_request function for details on
55	additional parameters.	70	additional parameters and the return value.
56		71
57	=item http_head $url, key => value..., $cb->($data, $headers)	72	=item http_head $url, key => value..., $cb->($data, $headers)
58		73
59	Executes an HTTP-HEAD request. See the http_request function for details on	74	Executes an HTTP-HEAD request. See the http_request function for details
60	additional parameters.	75	on additional parameters and the return value.
61		76
62	=item http_post $url, $body, key => value..., $cb->($data, $headers)	77	=item http_post $url, $body, key => value..., $cb->($data, $headers)
63		78
64	Executes an HTTP-POST request with a request body of C<$bod>. See the	79	Executes an HTTP-POST request with a request body of C<$body>. See the
65	http_request function for details on additional parameters.	80	http_request function for details on additional parameters and the return
		81	value.
66		82
67	=item http_request $method => $url, key => value..., $cb->($data, $headers)	83	=item http_request $method => $url, key => value..., $cb->($data, $headers)
68		84
69	Executes a HTTP request of type C<$method> (e.g. C<GET>, C<POST>). The URL	85	Executes a HTTP request of type C<$method> (e.g. C<GET>, C<POST>). The URL
70	must be an absolute http or https URL.	86	must be an absolute http or https URL.
71		87
		88	When called in void context, nothing is returned. In other contexts,
		89	C<http_request> returns a "cancellation guard" - you have to keep the
		90	object at least alive until the callback get called. If the object gets
		91	destroyed before the callback is called, the request will be cancelled.
		92
72	The callback will be called with the response data as first argument	93	The callback will be called with the response body data as first argument
73	(or C<undef> if it wasn't available due to errors), and a hash-ref with	94	(or C<undef> if an error occurred), and a hash-ref with response headers
74	response headers as second argument.	95	(and trailers) as second argument.
75		96
76	All the headers in that hash are lowercased. In addition to the response	97	All the headers in that hash are lowercased. In addition to the response
77	headers, the three "pseudo-headers" C<HTTPVersion>, C<Status> and	98	headers, the "pseudo-headers" (uppercase to avoid clashing with possible
78	C<Reason> contain the three parts of the HTTP Status-Line of the same	99	response headers) C<HTTPVersion>, C<Status> and C<Reason> contain the
		100	three parts of the HTTP Status-Line of the same name. If an error occurs
		101	during the body phase of a request, then the original C<Status> and
		102	C<Reason> values from the header are available as C<OrigStatus> and
		103	C<OrigReason>.
		104
		105	The pseudo-header C<URL> contains the actual URL (which can differ from
		106	the requested URL when following redirects - for example, you might get
		107	an error that your URL scheme is not supported even though your URL is a
		108	valid http URL because it redirected to an ftp URL, in which case you can
		109	look at the URL pseudo header).
		110
		111	The pseudo-header C<Redirect> only exists when the request was a result
		112	of an internal redirect. In that case it is an array reference with
		113	the C<($data, $headers)> from the redirect response. Note that this
		114	response could in turn be the result of a redirect itself, and C<<
		115	$headers->{Redirect}[1]{Redirect} >> will then contain the original
		116	response, and so on.
		117
79	name. If the server sends a header multiple lines, then their contents	118	If the server sends a header multiple times, then their contents will be
80	will be joined together with C<\x00>.	119	joined together with a comma (C<,>), as per the HTTP spec.
81		120
82	If an internal error occurs, such as not being able to resolve a hostname,	121	If an internal error occurs, such as not being able to resolve a hostname,
83	then C<$data> will be C<undef>, C<< $headers->{Status} >> will be C<599>	122	then C<$data> will be C<undef>, C<< $headers->{Status} >> will be
84	and the C<Reason> pseudo-header will contain an error message.	123	C<590>-C<599> and the C<Reason> pseudo-header will contain an error
		124	message. Currently the following status codes are used:
		125
		126	=over 4
		127
		128	=item 595 - errors during connection establishment, proxy handshake.
		129
		130	=item 596 - errors during TLS negotiation, request sending and header processing.
		131
		132	=item 597 - errors during body receiving or processing.
		133
		134	=item 598 - user aborted request via C<on_header> or C<on_body>.
		135
		136	=item 599 - other, usually nonretryable, errors (garbled URL etc.).
		137
		138	=back
85		139
86	A typical callback might look like this:	140	A typical callback might look like this:
87		141
88	sub {	142	sub {
89	my ($body, $hdr) = @_;	143	my ($body, $hdr) = @_;
…		…
100		154
101	=over 4	155	=over 4
102		156
103	=item recurse => $count (default: $MAX_RECURSE)	157	=item recurse => $count (default: $MAX_RECURSE)
104		158
105	Whether to recurse requests or not, e.g. on redirects, authentication	159	Whether to recurse requests or not, e.g. on redirects, authentication and
106	retries and so on, and how often to do so.	160	other retries and so on, and how often to do so.
		161
		162	Only redirects to http and https URLs are supported. While most common
		163	redirection forms are handled entirely within this module, some require
		164	the use of the optional L<URI> module. If it is required but missing, then
		165	the request will fail with an error.
107		166
108	=item headers => hashref	167	=item headers => hashref
109		168
110	The request headers to use.	169	The request headers to use. Currently, C<http_request> may provide its own
		170	C<Host:>, C<Content-Length:>, C<Connection:> and C<Cookie:> headers and
		171	will provide defaults at least for C<TE:>, C<Referer:> and C<User-Agent:>
		172	(this can be suppressed by using C<undef> for these headers in which case
		173	they won't be sent at all).
		174
		175	You really should provide your own C<User-Agent:> header value that is
		176	appropriate for your program - I wouldn't be surprised if the default
		177	AnyEvent string gets blocked by webservers sooner or later.
		178
		179	Also, make sure that your headers names and values do not contain any
		180	embedded newlines.
111		181
112	=item timeout => $seconds	182	=item timeout => $seconds
113		183
114	The time-out to use for various stages - each connect attempt will reset	184	The time-out to use for various stages - each connect attempt will reset
115	the timeout, as will read or write activity. Default timeout is 5 minutes.	185	the timeout, as will read or write activity, i.e. this is not an overall
		186	timeout.
		187
		188	Default timeout is 5 minutes.
116		189
117	=item proxy => [$host, $port[, $scheme]] or undef	190	=item proxy => [$host, $port[, $scheme]] or undef
118		191
119	Use the given http proxy for all requests. If not specified, then the	192	Use the given http proxy for all requests, or no proxy if C<undef> is
120	default proxy (as specified by C<$ENV{http_proxy}>) is used.	193	used.
121		194
122	C<$scheme> must be either missing or C<http> for HTTP, or C<https> for	195	C<$scheme> must be either missing or must be C<http> for HTTP.
123	HTTPS.	196
		197	If not specified, then the default proxy is used (see
		198	C<AnyEvent::HTTP::set_proxy>).
		199
		200	Currently, if your proxy requires authorization, you have to specify an
		201	appropriate "Proxy-Authorization" header in every request.
124		202
125	=item body => $string	203	=item body => $string
126		204
127	The request body, usually empty. Will be-sent as-is (future versions of	205	The request body, usually empty. Will be sent as-is (future versions of
128	this module might offer more options).	206	this module might offer more options).
129		207
130	=item cookie_jar => $hash_ref	208	=item cookie_jar => $hash_ref
131		209
132	Passing this parameter enables (simplified) cookie-processing, loosely	210	Passing this parameter enables (simplified) cookie-processing, loosely
133	based on the original netscape specification.	211	based on the original netscape specification.
134		212
135	The C<$hash_ref> must be an (initially empty) hash reference which will	213	The C<$hash_ref> must be an (initially empty) hash reference which
136	get updated automatically. It is possible to save the cookie_jar to	214	will get updated automatically. It is possible to save the cookie jar
137	persistent storage with something like JSON or Storable, but this is not	215	to persistent storage with something like JSON or Storable - see the
138	recommended, as expire times are currently being ignored.	216	C<AnyEvent::HTTP::cookie_jar_expire> function if you wish to remove
		217	expired or session-only cookies, and also for documentation on the format
		218	of the cookie jar.
139		219
140	Note that this cookie implementation is not of very high quality, nor	220	Note that this cookie implementation is not meant to be complete. If
141	meant to be complete. If you want complete cookie management you have to	221	you want complete cookie management you have to do that on your
142	do that on your own. C<cookie_jar> is meant as a quick fix to get some	222	own. C<cookie_jar> is meant as a quick fix to get most cookie-using sites
143	cookie-using sites working. Cookies are a privacy disaster, do not use	223	working. Cookies are a privacy disaster, do not use them unless required
144	them unless required to.	224	to.
		225
		226	When cookie processing is enabled, the C<Cookie:> and C<Set-Cookie:>
		227	headers will be set and handled by this module, otherwise they will be
		228	left untouched.
		229
		230	=item tls_ctx => $scheme | $tls_ctx
		231
		232	Specifies the AnyEvent::TLS context to be used for https connections. This
		233	parameter follows the same rules as the C<tls_ctx> parameter to
		234	L<AnyEvent::Handle>, but additionally, the two strings C<low> or
		235	C<high> can be specified, which give you a predefined low-security (no
		236	verification, highest compatibility) and high-security (CA and common-name
		237	verification) TLS context.
		238
		239	The default for this option is C<low>, which could be interpreted as "give
		240	me the page, no matter what".
		241
		242	See also the C<sessionid> parameter.
		243
		244	=item session => $string
		245
		246	The module might reuse connections to the same host internally. Sometimes
		247	(e.g. when using TLS), you do not want to reuse connections from other
		248	sessions. This can be achieved by setting this parameter to some unique
		249	ID (such as the address of an object storing your state data, or the TLS
		250	context) - only connections using the same unique ID will be reused.
		251
		252	=item on_prepare => $callback->($fh)
		253
		254	In rare cases you need to "tune" the socket before it is used to
		255	connect (for example, to bind it on a given IP address). This parameter
		256	overrides the prepare callback passed to C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>
		257	and behaves exactly the same way (e.g. it has to provide a
		258	timeout). See the description for the C<$prepare_cb> argument of
		259	C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect> for details.
		260
		261	=item tcp_connect => $callback->($host, $service, $connect_cb, $prepare_cb)
		262
		263	In even rarer cases you want total control over how AnyEvent::HTTP
		264	establishes connections. Normally it uses L<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>
		265	to do this, but you can provide your own C<tcp_connect> function -
		266	obviously, it has to follow the same calling conventions, except that it
		267	may always return a connection guard object.
		268
		269	There are probably lots of weird uses for this function, starting from
		270	tracing the hosts C<http_request> actually tries to connect, to (inexact
		271	but fast) host => IP address caching or even socks protocol support.
		272
		273	=item on_header => $callback->($headers)
		274
		275	When specified, this callback will be called with the header hash as soon
		276	as headers have been successfully received from the remote server (not on
		277	locally-generated errors).
		278
		279	It has to return either true (in which case AnyEvent::HTTP will continue),
		280	or false, in which case AnyEvent::HTTP will cancel the download (and call
		281	the finish callback with an error code of C<598>).
		282
		283	This callback is useful, among other things, to quickly reject unwanted
		284	content, which, if it is supposed to be rare, can be faster than first
		285	doing a C<HEAD> request.
		286
		287	The downside is that cancelling the request makes it impossible to re-use
		288	the connection. Also, the C<on_header> callback will not receive any
		289	trailer (headers sent after the response body).
		290
		291	Example: cancel the request unless the content-type is "text/html".
		292
		293	on_header => sub {
		294	$_[0]{"content-type"} =~ /^text\/html\s*(?:;|$)/
		295	},
		296
		297	=item on_body => $callback->($partial_body, $headers)
		298
		299	When specified, all body data will be passed to this callback instead of
		300	to the completion callback. The completion callback will get the empty
		301	string instead of the body data.
		302
		303	It has to return either true (in which case AnyEvent::HTTP will continue),
		304	or false, in which case AnyEvent::HTTP will cancel the download (and call
		305	the completion callback with an error code of C<598>).
		306
		307	The downside to cancelling the request is that it makes it impossible to
		308	re-use the connection.
		309
		310	This callback is useful when the data is too large to be held in memory
		311	(so the callback writes it to a file) or when only some information should
		312	be extracted, or when the body should be processed incrementally.
		313
		314	It is usually preferred over doing your own body handling via
		315	C<want_body_handle>, but in case of streaming APIs, where HTTP is
		316	only used to create a connection, C<want_body_handle> is the better
		317	alternative, as it allows you to install your own event handler, reducing
		318	resource usage.
		319
		320	=item want_body_handle => $enable
		321
		322	When enabled (default is disabled), the behaviour of AnyEvent::HTTP
		323	changes considerably: after parsing the headers, and instead of
		324	downloading the body (if any), the completion callback will be
		325	called. Instead of the C<$body> argument containing the body data, the
		326	callback will receive the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object associated with the
		327	connection. In error cases, C<undef> will be passed. When there is no body
		328	(e.g. status C<304>), the empty string will be passed.
		329
		330	The handle object might or might not be in TLS mode, might be connected
		331	to a proxy, be a persistent connection, use chunked transfer encoding
		332	etc., and configured in unspecified ways. The user is responsible for this
		333	handle (it will not be used by this module anymore).
		334
		335	This is useful with some push-type services, where, after the initial
		336	headers, an interactive protocol is used (typical example would be the
		337	push-style twitter API which starts a JSON/XML stream).
		338
		339	If you think you need this, first have a look at C<on_body>, to see if
		340	that doesn't solve your problem in a better way.
		341
		342	=item persistent => $boolean
		343
		344	Try to create/reuse a persistent connection. When this flag is set
		345	(default: true for idempotent requests, false for all others), then
		346	C<http_request> tries to re-use an existing (previously-created)
		347	persistent connection to the host and, failing that, tries to create a new
		348	one.
		349
		350	Requests failing in certain ways will be automatically retried once, which
		351	is dangerous for non-idempotent requests, which is why it defaults to off
		352	for them. The reason for this is because the bozos who designed HTTP/1.1
		353	made it impossible to distinguish between a fatal error and a normal
		354	connection timeout, so you never know whether there was a problem with
		355	your request or not.
		356
		357	When reusing an existent connection, many parameters (such as TLS context)
		358	will be ignored. See the C<session> parameter for a workaround.
		359
		360	=item keepalive => $boolean
		361
		362	Only used when C<persistent> is also true. This parameter decides whether
		363	C<http_request> tries to handshake a HTTP/1.0-style keep-alive connection
		364	(as opposed to only a HTTP/1.1 persistent connection).
		365
		366	The default is true, except when using a proxy, in which case it defaults
		367	to false, as HTTP/1.0 proxies cannot support this in a meaningful way.
		368
		369	=item handle_params => { key => value ... }
		370
		371	The key-value pairs in this hash will be passed to any L<AnyEvent::Handle>
		372	constructor that is called - not all requests will create a handle, and
		373	sometimes more than one is created, so this parameter is only good for
		374	setting hints.
		375
		376	Example: set the maximum read size to 4096, to potentially conserve memory
		377	at the cost of speed.
		378
		379	handle_params => {
		380	max_read_size => 4096,
		381	},
145		382
146	=back	383	=back
147		384
148	Example: make a simple HTTP GET request for http://www.nethype.de/	385	Example: do a simple HTTP GET request for http://www.nethype.de/ and print
		386	the response body.
149		387
150	http_request GET => "http://www.nethype.de/", sub {	388	http_request GET => "http://www.nethype.de/", sub {
151	my ($body, $hdr) = @_;	389	my ($body, $hdr) = @_;
152	print "$body\n";	390	print "$body\n";
153	};	391	};
154		392
155	Example: make a HTTP HEAD request on https://www.google.com/, use a	393	Example: do a HTTP HEAD request on https://www.google.com/, use a
156	timeout of 30 seconds.	394	timeout of 30 seconds.
157		395
158	http_request	396	http_request
159	GET => "https://www.google.com",	397	HEAD => "https://www.google.com",
		398	headers => { "user-agent" => "MySearchClient 1.0" },
160	timeout => 30,	399	timeout => 30,
161	sub {	400	sub {
162	my ($body, $hdr) = @_;	401	my ($body, $hdr) = @_;
163	use Data::Dumper;	402	use Data::Dumper;
164	print Dumper $hdr;	403	print Dumper $hdr;
165	}	404	}
166	;	405	;
167		406
		407	Example: do another simple HTTP GET request, but immediately try to
		408	cancel it.
		409
		410	my $request = http_request GET => "http://www.nethype.de/", sub {
		411	my ($body, $hdr) = @_;
		412	print "$body\n";
		413	};
		414
		415	undef $request;
		416
168	=cut	417	=cut
169		418
		419	#############################################################################
		420	# wait queue/slots
		421
		422	sub _slot_schedule;
		423	sub _slot_schedule($) {
		424	my $host = shift;
		425
		426	while ($CO_SLOT{$host}[0] < $MAX_PER_HOST) {
		427	if (my $cb = shift @{ $CO_SLOT{$host}[1] }) {
		428	# somebody wants that slot
		429	++$CO_SLOT{$host}[0];
		430	++$ACTIVE;
		431
		432	$cb->(AnyEvent::Util::guard {
		433	--$ACTIVE;
		434	--$CO_SLOT{$host}[0];
		435	_slot_schedule $host;
		436	});
		437	} else {
		438	# nobody wants the slot, maybe we can forget about it
		439	delete $CO_SLOT{$host} unless $CO_SLOT{$host}[0];
		440	last;
		441	}
		442	}
		443	}
		444
		445	# wait for a free slot on host, call callback
		446	sub _get_slot($$) {
		447	push @{ $CO_SLOT{$_[0]}[1] }, $_[1];
		448
		449	_slot_schedule $_[0];
		450	}
		451
		452	#############################################################################
		453	# cookie handling
		454
		455	# expire cookies
		456	sub cookie_jar_expire($;$) {
		457	my ($jar, $session_end) = @_;
		458
		459	%$jar = () if $jar->{version} != 1;
		460
		461	my $anow = AE::now;
		462
		463	while (my ($chost, $paths) = each %$jar) {
		464	next unless ref $paths;
		465
		466	while (my ($cpath, $cookies) = each %$paths) {
		467	while (my ($cookie, $kv) = each %$cookies) {
		468	if (exists $kv->{_expires}) {
		469	delete $cookies->{$cookie}
		470	if $anow > $kv->{_expires};
		471	} elsif ($session_end) {
		472	delete $cookies->{$cookie};
		473	}
		474	}
		475
		476	delete $paths->{$cpath}
		477	unless %$cookies;
		478	}
		479
		480	delete $jar->{$chost}
		481	unless %$paths;
		482	}
		483	}
		484
		485	# extract cookies from jar
		486	sub cookie_jar_extract($$$$) {
		487	my ($jar, $scheme, $host, $path) = @_;
		488
		489	%$jar = () if $jar->{version} != 1;
		490
		491	my @cookies;
		492
		493	while (my ($chost, $paths) = each %$jar) {
		494	next unless ref $paths;
		495
		496	if ($chost =~ /^\./) {
		497	next unless $chost eq substr $host, -length $chost;
		498	} elsif ($chost =~ /\./) {
		499	next unless $chost eq $host;
		500	} else {
		501	next;
		502	}
		503
		504	while (my ($cpath, $cookies) = each %$paths) {
		505	next unless $cpath eq substr $path, 0, length $cpath;
		506
		507	while (my ($cookie, $kv) = each %$cookies) {
		508	next if $scheme ne "https" && exists $kv->{secure};
		509
		510	if (exists $kv->{_expires} and AE::now > $kv->{_expires}) {
		511	delete $cookies->{$cookie};
		512	next;
		513	}
		514
		515	my $value = $kv->{value};
		516
		517	if ($value =~ /[=;,[:space:]]/) {
		518	$value =~ s/([\\"])/\\$1/g;
		519	$value = "\"$value\"";
		520	}
		521
		522	push @cookies, "$cookie=$value";
		523	}
		524	}
		525	}
		526
		527	\@cookies
		528	}
		529
		530	# parse set_cookie header into jar
		531	sub cookie_jar_set_cookie($$$$) {
		532	my ($jar, $set_cookie, $host, $date) = @_;
		533
		534	my $anow = int AE::now;
		535	my $snow; # server-now
		536
		537	for ($set_cookie) {
		538	# parse NAME=VALUE
		539	my @kv;
		540
		541	# expires is not http-compliant in the original cookie-spec,
		542	# we support the official date format and some extensions
		543	while (
		544	m{
		545	\G\s*
		546	(?:
		547	expires \s*=\s* ([A-Z][a-z][a-z]+,\ [^,;]+)
		548	| ([^=;,[:space:]]+) (?: \s*=\s* (?: "((?:[^\\"]+|\\.)*)" | ([^;,[:space:]]*) ) )?
		549	)
		550	}gcxsi
		551	) {
		552	my $name = $2;
		553	my $value = $4;
		554
		555	if (defined $1) {
		556	# expires
		557	$name = "expires";
		558	$value = $1;
		559	} elsif (defined $3) {
		560	# quoted
		561	$value = $3;
		562	$value =~ s/\\(.)/$1/gs;
		563	}
		564
		565	push @kv, @kv ? lc $name : $name, $value;
		566
		567	last unless /\G\s*;/gc;
		568	}
		569
		570	last unless @kv;
		571
		572	my $name = shift @kv;
		573	my %kv = (value => shift @kv, @kv);
		574
		575	if (exists $kv{"max-age"}) {
		576	$kv{_expires} = $anow + delete $kv{"max-age"};
		577	} elsif (exists $kv{expires}) {
		578	$snow ||= parse_date ($date) || $anow;
		579	$kv{_expires} = $anow + (parse_date (delete $kv{expires}) - $snow);
		580	} else {
		581	delete $kv{_expires};
		582	}
		583
		584	my $cdom;
		585	my $cpath = (delete $kv{path}) || "/";
		586
		587	if (exists $kv{domain}) {
		588	$cdom = delete $kv{domain};
		589
		590	$cdom =~ s/^\.?/./; # make sure it starts with a "."
		591
		592	next if $cdom =~ /\.$/;
		593
		594	# this is not rfc-like and not netscape-like. go figure.
		595	my $ndots = $cdom =~ y/.//;
		596	next if $ndots < ($cdom =~ /\.[^.][^.]\.[^.][^.]$/ ? 3 : 2);
		597	} else {
		598	$cdom = $host;
		599	}
		600
		601	# store it
		602	$jar->{version} = 1;
		603	$jar->{lc $cdom}{$cpath}{$name} = \%kv;
		604
		605	redo if /\G\s*,/gc;
		606	}
		607	}
		608
		609	#############################################################################
		610	# keepalive/persistent connection cache
		611
		612	# fetch a connection from the keepalive cache
		613	sub ka_fetch($) {
		614	my $ka_key = shift;
		615
		616	my $hdl = pop @{ $KA_CACHE{$ka_key} }; # currently we reuse the MOST RECENTLY USED connection
		617	delete $KA_CACHE{$ka_key}
		618	unless @{ $KA_CACHE{$ka_key} };
		619
		620	$hdl
		621	}
		622
		623	sub ka_store($$) {
		624	my ($ka_key, $hdl) = @_;
		625
		626	my $kaa = $KA_CACHE{$ka_key} ||= [];
		627
		628	my $destroy = sub {
		629	my @ka = grep $_ != $hdl, @{ $KA_CACHE{$ka_key} };
		630
		631	$hdl->destroy;
		632
		633	@ka
		634	? $KA_CACHE{$ka_key} = \@ka
		635	: delete $KA_CACHE{$ka_key};
		636	};
		637
		638	# on error etc., destroy
		639	$hdl->on_error ($destroy);
		640	$hdl->on_eof ($destroy);
		641	$hdl->on_read ($destroy);
		642	$hdl->timeout ($PERSISTENT_TIMEOUT);
		643
		644	push @$kaa, $hdl;
		645	shift @$kaa while @$kaa > $MAX_PER_HOST;
		646	}
		647
		648	#############################################################################
		649	# utilities
		650
		651	# continue to parse $_ for headers and place them into the arg
		652	sub _parse_hdr() {
		653	my %hdr;
		654
		655	# things seen, not parsed:
		656	# p3pP="NON CUR OTPi OUR NOR UNI"
		657
		658	$hdr{lc $1} .= ",$2"
		659	while /\G
		660	([^:\000-\037]*):
		661	[\011\040]*
		662	((?: [^\012]+ | \012[\011\040] )*)
		663	\012
		664	/gxc;
		665
		666	/\G$/
		667	or return;
		668
		669	# remove the "," prefix we added to all headers above
		670	substr $_, 0, 1, ""
		671	for values %hdr;
		672
		673	\%hdr
		674	}
		675
		676	#############################################################################
		677	# http_get
		678
		679	our $qr_nlnl = qr{(?<![^\012])\015?\012};
		680
		681	our $TLS_CTX_LOW = { cache => 1, sslv2 => 1 };
		682	our $TLS_CTX_HIGH = { cache => 1, verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" };
		683
		684	# maybe it should just become a normal object :/
		685
		686	sub _destroy_state(\%) {
		687	my ($state) = @_;
		688
		689	$state->{handle}->destroy if $state->{handle};
		690	%$state = ();
		691	}
		692
		693	sub _error(\%$$) {
		694	my ($state, $cb, $hdr) = @_;
		695
		696	&_destroy_state ($state);
		697
		698	$cb->(undef, $hdr);
		699	()
		700	}
		701
		702	our %IDEMPOTENT = (
		703	DELETE => 1,
		704	GET => 1,
		705	HEAD => 1,
		706	OPTIONS => 1,
		707	PUT => 1,
		708	TRACE => 1,
		709
		710	ACL => 1,
		711	"BASELINE-CONTROL" => 1,
		712	BIND => 1,
		713	CHECKIN => 1,
		714	CHECKOUT => 1,
		715	COPY => 1,
		716	LABEL => 1,
		717	LINK => 1,
		718	MERGE => 1,
		719	MKACTIVITY => 1,
		720	MKCALENDAR => 1,
		721	MKCOL => 1,
		722	MKREDIRECTREF => 1,
		723	MKWORKSPACE => 1,
		724	MOVE => 1,
		725	ORDERPATCH => 1,
		726	PROPFIND => 1,
		727	PROPPATCH => 1,
		728	REBIND => 1,
		729	REPORT => 1,
		730	SEARCH => 1,
		731	UNBIND => 1,
		732	UNCHECKOUT => 1,
		733	UNLINK => 1,
		734	UNLOCK => 1,
		735	UPDATE => 1,
		736	UPDATEREDIRECTREF => 1,
		737	"VERSION-CONTROL" => 1,
		738	);
		739
170	sub http_request($$$;@) {	740	sub http_request($$@) {
171	my $cb = pop;	741	my $cb = pop;
172	my ($method, $url, %arg) = @_;	742	my ($method, $url, %arg) = @_;
173		743
174	my %hdr;	744	my %hdr;
		745
		746	$arg{tls_ctx} = $TLS_CTX_LOW if $arg{tls_ctx} eq "low" || !exists $arg{tls_ctx};
		747	$arg{tls_ctx} = $TLS_CTX_HIGH if $arg{tls_ctx} eq "high";
175		748
176	$method = uc $method;	749	$method = uc $method;
177		750
178	if (my $hdr = $arg{headers}) {	751	if (my $hdr = $arg{headers}) {
179	while (my ($k, $v) = each %$hdr) {	752	while (my ($k, $v) = each %$hdr) {
180	$hdr{lc $k} = $v;	753	$hdr{lc $k} = $v;
181	}	754	}
182	}	755	}
183		756
		757	# pseudo headers for all subsequent responses
		758	my @pseudo = (URL => $url);
		759	push @pseudo, Redirect => delete $arg{Redirect} if exists $arg{Redirect};
		760
184	my $recurse = exists $arg{recurse} ? $arg{recurse} : $MAX_RECURSE;	761	my $recurse = exists $arg{recurse} ? delete $arg{recurse} : $MAX_RECURSE;
185		762
186	return $cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "recursion limit reached" })	763	return $cb->(undef, { @pseudo, Status => 599, Reason => "Too many redirections" })
187	if $recurse < 0;	764	if $recurse < 0;
188		765
189	my $proxy = $arg{proxy} || $PROXY;	766	my $proxy = exists $arg{proxy} ? $arg{proxy} : $PROXY;
190	my $timeout = $arg{timeout} || $TIMEOUT;	767	my $timeout = $arg{timeout} || $TIMEOUT;
191		768
192	$hdr{"user-agent"} ||= $USERAGENT;
193
194	my ($scheme, $authority, $upath, $query, $fragment) =	769	my ($uscheme, $uauthority, $upath, $query, undef) = # ignore fragment
195	$url =~ m|(?:([^:/?#]+):)?(?://([^/?#]*))?([^?#]*)(?:\?([^#]*))?(?:#(.*))?|;	770	$url =~ m|^([^:]+):(?://([^/?#]*))?([^?#]*)(?:(\?[^#]*))?(?:#(.*))?$|;
196		771
197	$scheme = lc $scheme;	772	$uscheme = lc $uscheme;
198		773
199	my $uport = $scheme eq "http" ? 80	774	my $uport = $uscheme eq "http" ? 80
200	: $scheme eq "https" ? 443	775	: $uscheme eq "https" ? 443
201	: return $cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "only http and https URL schemes supported" });	776	: return $cb->(undef, { @pseudo, Status => 599, Reason => "Only http and https URL schemes supported" });
202		777
203	$authority =~ /^(?: .*\@ )? ([^\@:]+) (?: : (\d+) )?$/x	778	$uauthority =~ /^(?: .*\@ )? ([^\@]+?) (?: : (\d+) )?$/x
204	or return $cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "unparsable URL" });	779	or return $cb->(undef, { @pseudo, Status => 599, Reason => "Unparsable URL" });
205		780
206	my $uhost = $1;	781	my $uhost = lc $1;
207	$uport = $2 if defined $2;	782	$uport = $2 if defined $2;
208		783
		784	$hdr{host} = defined $2 ? "$uhost:$2" : "$uhost"
		785	unless exists $hdr{host};
		786
209	$uhost =~ s/^\[(.*)\]$/$1/;	787	$uhost =~ s/^\[(.*)\]$/$1/;
210	$upath .= "?$query" if length $query;	788	$upath .= $query if length $query;
211		789
212	$upath =~ s%^/?%/%;	790	$upath =~ s%^/?%/%;
213		791
214	# cookie processing	792	# cookie processing
215	if (my $jar = $arg{cookie_jar}) {	793	if (my $jar = $arg{cookie_jar}) {
216	%$jar = () if $jar->{version} < 1;	794	my $cookies = cookie_jar_extract $jar, $uscheme, $uhost, $upath;
217		795
		796	$hdr{cookie} = join "; ", @$cookies
218	my @cookie;	797	if @$cookies;
219		798	}
220	while (my ($chost, $v) = each %$jar) {	799
221	next unless $chost eq substr $uhost, -length $chost;	800	my ($rhost, $rport, $rscheme, $rpath); # request host, port, path
222	next unless $chost =~ /^\./;	801
223		802	if ($proxy) {
224	while (my ($cpath, $v) = each %$v) {	803	($rpath, $rhost, $rport, $rscheme) = ($url, @$proxy);
225	next unless $cpath eq substr $upath, 0, length $cpath;	804
226		805	$rscheme = "http" unless defined $rscheme;
227	while (my ($k, $v) = each %$v) {	806
228	next if $scheme ne "https" && exists $v->{secure};	807	# don't support https requests over https-proxy transport,
229	push @cookie, "$k=$v->{value}";	808	# can't be done with tls as spec'ed, unless you double-encrypt.
		809	$rscheme = "http" if $uscheme eq "https" && $rscheme eq "https";
		810
		811	$rhost = lc $rhost;
		812	$rscheme = lc $rscheme;
		813	} else {
		814	($rhost, $rport, $rscheme, $rpath) = ($uhost, $uport, $uscheme, $upath);
		815	}
		816
		817	# leave out fragment and query string, just a heuristic
		818	$hdr{referer} = "$uscheme://$uauthority$upath" unless exists $hdr{referer};
		819	$hdr{"user-agent"} = $USERAGENT unless exists $hdr{"user-agent"};
		820
		821	$hdr{"content-length"} = length $arg{body}
		822	if length $arg{body} || $method ne "GET";
		823
		824	my $idempotent = $IDEMPOTENT{$method};
		825
		826	# default value for keepalive is true iff the request is for an idempotent method
		827	my $persistent = exists $arg{persistent} ? !!$arg{persistent} : $idempotent;
		828	my $keepalive = exists $arg{keepalive} ? !!$arg{keepalive} : !$proxy;
		829	my $was_persistent; # true if this is actually a recycled connection
		830
		831	# the key to use in the keepalive cache
		832	my $ka_key = "$uscheme\x00$uhost\x00$uport\x00$arg{sessionid}";
		833
		834	$hdr{connection} = ($persistent ? $keepalive ? "keep-alive, " : "" : "close, ") . "Te"; #1.1
		835	$hdr{te} = "trailers" unless exists $hdr{te}; #1.1
		836
		837	my %state = (connect_guard => 1);
		838
		839	my $ae_error = 595; # connecting
		840
		841	# handle actual, non-tunneled, request
		842	my $handle_actual_request = sub {
		843	$ae_error = 596; # request phase
		844
		845	my $hdl = $state{handle};
		846
		847	$hdl->starttls ("connect") if $uscheme eq "https" && !exists $hdl->{tls};
		848
		849	# send request
		850	$hdl->push_write (
		851	"$method $rpath HTTP/1.1\015\012"
		852	. (join "", map "\u$_: $hdr{$_}\015\012", grep defined $hdr{$_}, keys %hdr)
		853	. "\015\012"
		854	. $arg{body}
		855	);
		856
		857	# return if error occurred during push_write()
		858	return unless %state;
		859
		860	# reduce memory usage, save a kitten, also re-use it for the response headers.
		861	%hdr = ();
		862
		863	# status line and headers
		864	$state{read_response} = sub {
		865	return unless %state;
		866
		867	for ("$_[1]") {
		868	y/\015//d; # weed out any \015, as they show up in the weirdest of places.
		869
		870	/^HTTP\/0*([0-9\.]+) \s+ ([0-9]{3}) (?: \s+ ([^\012]*) )? \012/gxci
		871	or return _error %state, $cb, { @pseudo, Status => 599, Reason => "Invalid server response" };
		872
		873	# 100 Continue handling
		874	# should not happen as we don't send expect: 100-continue,
		875	# but we handle it just in case.
		876	# since we send the request body regardless, if we get an error
		877	# we are out of-sync, which we currently do NOT handle correctly.
		878	return $state{handle}->push_read (line => $qr_nlnl, $state{read_response})
		879	if $2 eq 100;
		880
		881	push @pseudo,
		882	HTTPVersion => $1,
		883	Status => $2,
		884	Reason => $3,
		885	;
		886
		887	my $hdr = _parse_hdr
		888	or return _error %state, $cb, { @pseudo, Status => 599, Reason => "Garbled response headers" };
		889
		890	%hdr = (%$hdr, @pseudo);
		891	}
		892
		893	# redirect handling
		894	# relative uri handling forced by microsoft and other shitheads.
		895	# we give our best and fall back to URI if available.
		896	if (exists $hdr{location}) {
		897	my $loc = $hdr{location};
		898
		899	if ($loc =~ m%^//%) { # //
		900	$loc = "$uscheme:$loc";
		901
		902	} elsif ($loc eq "") {
		903	$loc = $url;
		904
		905	} elsif ($loc !~ /^(?: $ | [^:\/?\#]+ : )/x) { # anything "simple"
		906	$loc =~ s/^\.\/+//;
		907
		908	if ($loc !~ m%^[.?#]%) {
		909	my $prefix = "$uscheme://$uhost:$uport";
		910
		911	unless ($loc =~ s/^\///) {
		912	$prefix .= $upath;
		913	$prefix =~ s/\/[^\/]*$//;
		914	}
		915
		916	$loc = "$prefix/$loc";
		917
		918	} elsif (eval { require URI }) { # uri
		919	$loc = URI->new_abs ($loc, $url)->as_string;
		920
		921	} else {
		922	return _error %state, $cb, { @pseudo, Status => 599, Reason => "Cannot parse Location (URI module missing)" };
		923	#$hdr{Status} = 599;
		924	#$hdr{Reason} = "Unparsable Redirect (URI module missing)";
		925	#$recurse = 0;
		926	}
		927	}
		928
		929	$hdr{location} = $loc;
		930	}
		931
		932	my $redirect;
		933
		934	if ($recurse) {
		935	my $status = $hdr{Status};
		936
		937	# industry standard is to redirect POST as GET for
		938	# 301, 302 and 303, in contrast to HTTP/1.0 and 1.1.
		939	# also, the UA should ask the user for 301 and 307 and POST,
		940	# industry standard seems to be to simply follow.
		941	# we go with the industry standard. 308 is defined
		942	# by rfc7538
		943	if ($status == 301 or $status == 302 or $status == 303) {
		944	$redirect = 1;
		945	# HTTP/1.1 is unclear on how to mutate the method
		946	unless ($method eq "HEAD") {
		947	$method = "GET";
		948	delete $arg{body};
		949	}
		950	} elsif ($status == 307 or $status == 308) {
		951	$redirect = 1;
230	}	952	}
231	}	953	}
		954
		955	my $finish = sub { # ($data, $err_status, $err_reason[, $persistent])
		956	if ($state{handle}) {
		957	# handle keepalive
		958	if (
		959	$persistent
		960	&& $_[3]
		961	&& ($hdr{HTTPVersion} < 1.1
		962	? $hdr{connection} =~ /\bkeep-?alive\b/i
		963	: $hdr{connection} !~ /\bclose\b/i)
		964	) {
		965	ka_store $ka_key, delete $state{handle};
		966	} else {
		967	# no keepalive, destroy the handle
		968	$state{handle}->destroy;
		969	}
		970	}
		971
		972	%state = ();
		973
		974	if (defined $_[1]) {
		975	$hdr{OrigStatus} = $hdr{Status}; $hdr{Status} = $_[1];
		976	$hdr{OrigReason} = $hdr{Reason}; $hdr{Reason} = $_[2];
		977	}
		978
		979	# set-cookie processing
		980	if ($arg{cookie_jar}) {
		981	cookie_jar_set_cookie $arg{cookie_jar}, $hdr{"set-cookie"}, $uhost, $hdr{date};
		982	}
		983
		984	if ($redirect && exists $hdr{location}) {
		985	# we ignore any errors, as it is very common to receive
		986	# Content-Length != 0 but no actual body
		987	# we also access %hdr, as $_[1] might be an erro
		988	$state{recurse} =
		989	http_request (
		990	$method => $hdr{location},
		991	%arg,
		992	recurse => $recurse - 1,
		993	Redirect => [$_[0], \%hdr],
		994	sub {
		995	%state = ();
		996	&$cb
		997	},
		998	);
		999	} else {
		1000	$cb->($_[0], \%hdr);
		1001	}
		1002	};
		1003
		1004	$ae_error = 597; # body phase
		1005
		1006	my $chunked = $hdr{"transfer-encoding"} =~ /\bchunked\b/i; # not quite correct...
		1007
		1008	my $len = $chunked ? undef : $hdr{"content-length"};
		1009
		1010	# body handling, many different code paths
		1011	# - no body expected
		1012	# - want_body_handle
		1013	# - te chunked
		1014	# - 2x length known (with or without on_body)
		1015	# - 2x length not known (with or without on_body)
		1016	if (!$redirect && $arg{on_header} && !$arg{on_header}(\%hdr)) {
		1017	$finish->(undef, 598 => "Request cancelled by on_header");
		1018	} elsif (
		1019	$hdr{Status} =~ /^(?:1..|204|205|304)$/
		1020	or $method eq "HEAD"
		1021	or (defined $len && $len == 0) # == 0, not !, because "0 " is true
		1022	) {
		1023	# no body
		1024	$finish->("", undef, undef, 1);
		1025
		1026	} elsif (!$redirect && $arg{want_body_handle}) {
		1027	$_[0]->on_eof (undef);
		1028	$_[0]->on_error (undef);
		1029	$_[0]->on_read (undef);
		1030
		1031	$finish->(delete $state{handle});
		1032
		1033	} elsif ($chunked) {
		1034	my $cl = 0;
		1035	my $body = "";
		1036	my $on_body = (!$redirect && $arg{on_body}) || sub { $body .= shift; 1 };
		1037
		1038	$state{read_chunk} = sub {
		1039	$_[1] =~ /^([0-9a-fA-F]+)/
		1040	or return $finish->(undef, $ae_error => "Garbled chunked transfer encoding");
		1041
		1042	my $len = hex $1;
		1043
		1044	if ($len) {
		1045	$cl += $len;
		1046
		1047	$_[0]->push_read (chunk => $len, sub {
		1048	$on_body->($_[1], \%hdr)
		1049	or return $finish->(undef, 598 => "Request cancelled by on_body");
		1050
		1051	$_[0]->push_read (line => sub {
		1052	length $_[1]
		1053	and return $finish->(undef, $ae_error => "Garbled chunked transfer encoding");
		1054	$_[0]->push_read (line => $state{read_chunk});
		1055	});
		1056	});
		1057	} else {
		1058	$hdr{"content-length"} ||= $cl;
		1059
		1060	$_[0]->push_read (line => $qr_nlnl, sub {
		1061	if (length $_[1]) {
		1062	for ("$_[1]") {
		1063	y/\015//d; # weed out any \015, as they show up in the weirdest of places.
		1064
		1065	my $hdr = _parse_hdr
		1066	or return $finish->(undef, $ae_error => "Garbled response trailers");
		1067
		1068	%hdr = (%hdr, %$hdr);
		1069	}
		1070	}
		1071
		1072	$finish->($body, undef, undef, 1);
		1073	});
		1074	}
		1075	};
		1076
		1077	$_[0]->push_read (line => $state{read_chunk});
		1078
		1079	} elsif (!$redirect && $arg{on_body}) {
		1080	if (defined $len) {
		1081	$_[0]->on_read (sub {
		1082	$len -= length $_[0]{rbuf};
		1083
		1084	$arg{on_body}(delete $_[0]{rbuf}, \%hdr)
		1085	or return $finish->(undef, 598 => "Request cancelled by on_body");
		1086
		1087	$len > 0
		1088	or $finish->("", undef, undef, 1);
		1089	});
		1090	} else {
		1091	$_[0]->on_eof (sub {
		1092	$finish->("");
		1093	});
		1094	$_[0]->on_read (sub {
		1095	$arg{on_body}(delete $_[0]{rbuf}, \%hdr)
		1096	or $finish->(undef, 598 => "Request cancelled by on_body");
		1097	});
		1098	}
		1099	} else {
		1100	$_[0]->on_eof (undef);
		1101
		1102	if (defined $len) {
		1103	$_[0]->on_read (sub {
		1104	$finish->((substr delete $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, ""), undef, undef, 1)
		1105	if $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf};
		1106	});
		1107	} else {
		1108	$_[0]->on_error (sub {
		1109	($! == Errno::EPIPE || !$!)
		1110	? $finish->(delete $_[0]{rbuf})
		1111	: $finish->(undef, $ae_error => $_[2]);
		1112	});
		1113	$_[0]->on_read (sub { });
		1114	}
		1115	}
		1116	};
		1117
		1118	# if keepalive is enabled, then the server closing the connection
		1119	# before a response can happen legally - we retry on idempotent methods.
		1120	if ($was_persistent && $idempotent) {
		1121	my $old_eof = $hdl->{on_eof};
		1122	$hdl->{on_eof} = sub {
		1123	_destroy_state %state;
		1124
		1125	%state = ();
		1126	$state{recurse} =
		1127	http_request (
		1128	$method => $url,
		1129	%arg,
		1130	recurse => $recurse - 1,
		1131	persistent => 0,
		1132	sub {
		1133	%state = ();
		1134	&$cb
		1135	}
		1136	);
		1137	};
		1138	$hdl->on_read (sub {
		1139	return unless %state;
		1140
		1141	# as soon as we receive something, a connection close
		1142	# once more becomes a hard error
		1143	$hdl->{on_eof} = $old_eof;
		1144	$hdl->push_read (line => $qr_nlnl, $state{read_response});
		1145	});
		1146	} else {
		1147	$hdl->push_read (line => $qr_nlnl, $state{read_response});
232	}	1148	}
233
234	$hdr{cookie} = join "; ", @cookie
235	if @cookie;
236	}	1149	};
237		1150
238	my ($rhost, $rport, $rpath); # request host, port, path	1151	my $prepare_handle = sub {
		1152	my ($hdl) = $state{handle};
239		1153
240	if ($proxy) {	1154	$hdl->on_error (sub {
241	($rhost, $rport, $scheme) = @$proxy;	1155	_error %state, $cb, { @pseudo, Status => $ae_error, Reason => $_[2] };
242	$rpath = $url;	1156	});
243	} else {	1157	$hdl->on_eof (sub {
244	($rhost, $rport, $rpath) = ($uhost, $uport, $upath);	1158	_error %state, $cb, { @pseudo, Status => $ae_error, Reason => "Unexpected end-of-file" };
245	$hdr{host} = $uhost;	1159	});
		1160	$hdl->timeout_reset;
		1161	$hdl->timeout ($timeout);
246	}	1162	};
247		1163
248	$hdr{"content-length"} = length $arg{body};	1164	# connected to proxy (or origin server)
249		1165	my $connect_cb = sub {
250	my %state;
251
252	$state{connect_guard} = AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect $rhost, $rport, sub {
253	$state{fh} = shift	1166	my $fh = shift
254	or return $cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "$!" });	1167	or return _error %state, $cb, { @pseudo, Status => $ae_error, Reason => "$!" };
255		1168
256	delete $state{connect_guard}; # reduce memory usage, save a tree	1169	return unless delete $state{connect_guard};
257		1170
258	# get handle	1171	# get handle
259	$state{handle} = new AnyEvent::Handle	1172	$state{handle} = new AnyEvent::Handle
260	fh => $state{fh},	1173	%{ $arg{handle_params} },
261	($scheme eq "https" ? (tls => "connect") : ());	1174	fh => $fh,
262		1175	peername => $uhost,
263	# limit the number of persistent connections	1176	tls_ctx => $arg{tls_ctx},
264	if ($KA_COUNT{$_[1]} < $MAX_PERSISTENT_PER_HOST) {
265	++$KA_COUNT{$_[1]};
266	$state{handle}{ka_count_guard} = AnyEvent::Util::guard { --$KA_COUNT{$_[1]} };
267	$hdr{connection} = "keep-alive";
268	delete $hdr{connection}; # keep-alive not yet supported
269	} else {
270	delete $hdr{connection};
271	}
272
273	# (re-)configure handle
274	$state{handle}->timeout ($timeout);
275	$state{handle}->on_error (sub {
276	%state = ();
277	$cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "$!" });
278	});
279	$state{handle}->on_eof (sub {
280	%state = ();
281	$cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "unexpected end-of-file" });
282	});
283
284	# send request
285	$state{handle}->push_write (
286	"$method $rpath HTTP/1.0\015\012"
287	. (join "", map "$_: $hdr{$_}\015\012", keys %hdr)
288	. "\015\012"
289	. (delete $arg{body})
290	);	1177	;
291		1178
292	%hdr = (); # reduce memory usage, save a kitten	1179	$prepare_handle->();
293		1180
294	# status line	1181	#$state{handle}->starttls ("connect") if $rscheme eq "https";
		1182
		1183	# now handle proxy-CONNECT method
		1184	if ($proxy && $uscheme eq "https") {
		1185	# oh dear, we have to wrap it into a connect request
		1186
		1187	my $auth = exists $hdr{"proxy-authorization"}
		1188	? "proxy-authorization: " . (delete $hdr{"proxy-authorization"}) . "\015\012"
		1189	: "";
		1190
		1191	# maybe re-use $uauthority with patched port?
		1192	$state{handle}->push_write ("CONNECT $uhost:$uport HTTP/1.0\015\012$auth\015\012");
295	$state{handle}->push_read (line => qr/\015?\012/, sub {	1193	$state{handle}->push_read (line => $qr_nlnl, sub {
296	$_[1] =~ /^HTTP\/([0-9\.]+) \s+ ([0-9]{3}) \s+ ([^\015\012]+)/ix	1194	$_[1] =~ /^HTTP\/([0-9\.]+) \s+ ([0-9]{3}) (?: \s+ ([^\015\012]*) )?/ix
297	or return (%state = (), $cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "invalid server response ($_[1])" }));	1195	or return _error %state, $cb, { @pseudo, Status => 599, Reason => "Invalid proxy connect response ($_[1])" };
298		1196
299	my %hdr = ( # response headers	1197	if ($2 == 200) {
300	HTTPVersion => "\x00$1",	1198	$rpath = $upath;
301	Status => "\x00$2",	1199	$handle_actual_request->();
302	Reason => "\x00$3",
303	);
304
305	# headers, could be optimized a bit
306	$state{handle}->unshift_read (line => qr/\015?\012\015?\012/, sub {
307	for ("$_[1]\012") {
308	# we support spaces in field names, as lotus domino
309	# creates them.
310	$hdr{lc $1} .= "\x00$2"
311	while /\G
312	([^:\000-\037]+):
313	[\011\040]*
314	((?: [^\015\012]+ | \015?\012[\011\040] )*)
315	\015?\012
316	/gxc;
317
318	/\G$/
319	or return (%state = (), $cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "garbled response headers" }));
320	}
321
322	substr $_, 0, 1, ""
323	for values %hdr;
324
325	my $finish = sub {
326	%state = ();
327
328	# set-cookie processing
329	if ($arg{cookie_jar} && exists $hdr{"set-cookie"}) {
330	for (split /\x00/, $hdr{"set-cookie"}) {
331	my ($cookie, @arg) = split /;\s*/;
332	my ($name, $value) = split /=/, $cookie, 2;
333	my %kv = (value => $value, map { split /=/, $_, 2 } @arg);
334
335	my $cdom = (delete $kv{domain}) || $uhost;
336	my $cpath = (delete $kv{path}) || "/";
337
338	$cdom =~ s/^.?/./; # make sure it starts with a "."
339
340	my $ndots = $cdom =~ y/.//;
341	next if $ndots < ($cdom =~ /[^.]{3}$/ ? 2 : 3);
342
343	# store it
344	$arg{cookie_jar}{version} = 1;
345	$arg{cookie_jar}{$cdom}{$cpath}{$name} = \%kv;
346	}
347	}
348
349	if ($_[1]{Status} =~ /^x30[12]$/ && $recurse) {
350	# microsoft and other assholes don't give a shit for following standards,
351	# try to support a common form of broken Location header.
352	$_[1]{location} =~ s%^/%$scheme://$uhost:$uport/%;
353
354	http_request ($method, $_[1]{location}, %arg, recurse => $recurse - 1, $cb);
355	} else {
356	$cb->($_[0], $_[1]);
357	}
358	};
359
360	if ($hdr{Status} =~ /^(?:1..|204|304)$/ or $method eq "HEAD") {
361	$finish->(undef, \%hdr);
362	} else {	1200	} else {
363	if (exists $hdr{"content-length"}) {	1201	_error %state, $cb, { @pseudo, Status => $2, Reason => $3 };
364	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $hdr{"content-length"}, sub {
365	# could cache persistent connection now
366	if ($hdr{connection} =~ /\bkeep-alive\b/i) {
367	# but we don't, due to misdesigns, this is annoyingly complex
368	};
369
370	$finish->($_[1], \%hdr);
371	});
372	} else {
373	# too bad, need to read until we get an error or EOF,
374	# no way to detect winged data.
375	$_[0]->on_error (sub {
376	$finish->($_[0]{rbuf}, \%hdr);
377	});
378	$_[0]->on_eof (undef);
379	$_[0]->on_read (sub { });
380	}
381	}	1202	}
382	});	1203	});
		1204	} else {
		1205	delete $hdr{"proxy-authorization"} unless $proxy;
		1206
		1207	$handle_actual_request->();
383	});	1208	}
384	}, sub {
385	$timeout
386	};	1209	};
387		1210
		1211	_get_slot $uhost, sub {
		1212	$state{slot_guard} = shift;
		1213
		1214	return unless $state{connect_guard};
		1215
		1216	# try to use an existing keepalive connection, but only if we, ourselves, plan
		1217	# on a keepalive request (in theory, this should be a separate config option).
		1218	if ($persistent && $KA_CACHE{$ka_key}) {
		1219	$was_persistent = 1;
		1220
		1221	$state{handle} = ka_fetch $ka_key;
		1222	$state{handle}->destroyed
		1223	and die "AnyEvent::HTTP: unexpectedly got a destructed handle (1), please report.";#d#
		1224	$prepare_handle->();
		1225	$state{handle}->destroyed
		1226	and die "AnyEvent::HTTP: unexpectedly got a destructed handle (2), please report.";#d#
		1227	$handle_actual_request->();
		1228
		1229	} else {
		1230	my $tcp_connect = $arg{tcp_connect}
		1231	|| do { require AnyEvent::Socket; \&AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect };
		1232
		1233	$state{connect_guard} = $tcp_connect->($rhost, $rport, $connect_cb, $arg{on_prepare} || sub { $timeout });
		1234	}
		1235	};
		1236
388	defined wantarray && AnyEvent::Util::guard { %state = () }	1237	defined wantarray && AnyEvent::Util::guard { _destroy_state %state }
389	}	1238	}
390		1239
391	sub http_get($$;@) {	1240	sub http_get($@) {
392	unshift @_, "GET";	1241	unshift @_, "GET";
393	&http_request	1242	&http_request
394	}	1243	}
395		1244
396	sub http_head($$;@) {	1245	sub http_head($@) {
397	unshift @_, "HEAD";	1246	unshift @_, "HEAD";
398	&http_request	1247	&http_request
399	}	1248	}
400		1249
401	sub http_post($$$;@) {	1250	sub http_post($$@) {
		1251	my $url = shift;
402	unshift @_, "POST", "body";	1252	unshift @_, "POST", $url, "body";
403	&http_request	1253	&http_request
404	}	1254	}
405		1255
406	=back	1256	=back
407		1257
		1258	=head2 DNS CACHING
		1259
		1260	AnyEvent::HTTP uses the AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect function for
		1261	the actual connection, which in turn uses AnyEvent::DNS to resolve
		1262	hostnames. The latter is a simple stub resolver and does no caching
		1263	on its own. If you want DNS caching, you currently have to provide
		1264	your own default resolver (by storing a suitable resolver object in
		1265	C<$AnyEvent::DNS::RESOLVER>) or your own C<tcp_connect> callback.
		1266
408	=head2 GLOBAL FUNCTIONS AND VARIABLES	1267	=head2 GLOBAL FUNCTIONS AND VARIABLES
409		1268
410	=over 4	1269	=over 4
411		1270
412	=item AnyEvent::HTTP::set_proxy "proxy-url"	1271	=item AnyEvent::HTTP::set_proxy "proxy-url"
413		1272
414	Sets the default proxy server to use. The proxy-url must begin with a	1273	Sets the default proxy server to use. The proxy-url must begin with a
415	string of the form C<http://host:port> (optionally C<https:...>).	1274	string of the form C<http://host:port>, croaks otherwise.
		1275
		1276	To clear an already-set proxy, use C<undef>.
		1277
		1278	When AnyEvent::HTTP is loaded for the first time it will query the
		1279	default proxy from the operating system, currently by looking at
		1280	C<$ENV{http_proxy>}.
		1281
		1282	=item AnyEvent::HTTP::cookie_jar_expire $jar[, $session_end]
		1283
		1284	Remove all cookies from the cookie jar that have been expired. If
		1285	C<$session_end> is given and true, then additionally remove all session
		1286	cookies.
		1287
		1288	You should call this function (with a true C<$session_end>) before you
		1289	save cookies to disk, and you should call this function after loading them
		1290	again. If you have a long-running program you can additionally call this
		1291	function from time to time.
		1292
		1293	A cookie jar is initially an empty hash-reference that is managed by this
		1294	module. Its format is subject to change, but currently it is as follows:
		1295
		1296	The key C<version> has to contain C<1>, otherwise the hash gets
		1297	emptied. All other keys are hostnames or IP addresses pointing to
		1298	hash-references. The key for these inner hash references is the
		1299	server path for which this cookie is meant, and the values are again
		1300	hash-references. Each key of those hash-references is a cookie name, and
		1301	the value, you guessed it, is another hash-reference, this time with the
		1302	key-value pairs from the cookie, except for C<expires> and C<max-age>,
		1303	which have been replaced by a C<_expires> key that contains the cookie
		1304	expiry timestamp. Session cookies are indicated by not having an
		1305	C<_expires> key.
		1306
		1307	Here is an example of a cookie jar with a single cookie, so you have a
		1308	chance of understanding the above paragraph:
		1309
		1310	{
		1311	version => 1,
		1312	"10.0.0.1" => {
		1313	"/" => {
		1314	"mythweb_id" => {
		1315	_expires => 1293917923,
		1316	value => "ooRung9dThee3ooyXooM1Ohm",
		1317	},
		1318	},
		1319	},
		1320	}
		1321
		1322	=item $date = AnyEvent::HTTP::format_date $timestamp
		1323
		1324	Takes a POSIX timestamp (seconds since the epoch) and formats it as a HTTP
		1325	Date (RFC 2616).
		1326
		1327	=item $timestamp = AnyEvent::HTTP::parse_date $date
		1328
		1329	Takes a HTTP Date (RFC 2616) or a Cookie date (netscape cookie spec) or a
		1330	bunch of minor variations of those, and returns the corresponding POSIX
		1331	timestamp, or C<undef> if the date cannot be parsed.
416		1332
417	=item $AnyEvent::HTTP::MAX_RECURSE	1333	=item $AnyEvent::HTTP::MAX_RECURSE
418		1334
419	The default value for the C<recurse> request parameter (default: C<10>).	1335	The default value for the C<recurse> request parameter (default: C<10>).
420		1336
		1337	=item $AnyEvent::HTTP::TIMEOUT
		1338
		1339	The default timeout for connection operations (default: C<300>).
		1340
421	=item $AnyEvent::HTTP::USERAGENT	1341	=item $AnyEvent::HTTP::USERAGENT
422		1342
423	The default value for the C<User-Agent> header (the default is	1343	The default value for the C<User-Agent> header (the default is
424	C<Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; AnyEvent::HTTP/$VERSION; +http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/AnyEvent)>).	1344	C<Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; U; AnyEvent-HTTP/$VERSION; +http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/AnyEvent)>).
425		1345
426	=item $AnyEvent::HTTP::MAX_PERSISTENT	1346	=item $AnyEvent::HTTP::MAX_PER_HOST
427		1347
428	The maximum number of persistent connections to keep open (default: 8).	1348	The maximum number of concurrent connections to the same host (identified
		1349	by the hostname). If the limit is exceeded, then additional requests
		1350	are queued until previous connections are closed. Both persistent and
		1351	non-persistent connections are counted in this limit.
429		1352
430	Not implemented currently.	1353	The default value for this is C<4>, and it is highly advisable to not
		1354	increase it much.
		1355
		1356	For comparison: the RFC's recommend 4 non-persistent or 2 persistent
		1357	connections, older browsers used 2, newer ones (such as firefox 3)
		1358	typically use 6, and Opera uses 8 because like, they have the fastest
		1359	browser and give a shit for everybody else on the planet.
431		1360
432	=item $AnyEvent::HTTP::PERSISTENT_TIMEOUT	1361	=item $AnyEvent::HTTP::PERSISTENT_TIMEOUT
433		1362
434	The maximum time to cache a persistent connection, in seconds (default: 2).	1363	The time after which idle persistent connections get closed by
		1364	AnyEvent::HTTP (default: C<3>).
435		1365
436	Not implemented currently.	1366	=item $AnyEvent::HTTP::ACTIVE
		1367
		1368	The number of active connections. This is not the number of currently
		1369	running requests, but the number of currently open and non-idle TCP
		1370	connections. This number can be useful for load-leveling.
437		1371
438	=back	1372	=back
439		1373
440	=cut	1374	=cut
441		1375
		1376	our @month = qw(Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec);
		1377	our @weekday = qw(Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat);
		1378
		1379	sub format_date($) {
		1380	my ($time) = @_;
		1381
		1382	# RFC 822/1123 format
		1383	my ($S, $M, $H, $mday, $mon, $year, $wday, $yday, undef) = gmtime $time;
		1384
		1385	sprintf "%s, %02d %s %04d %02d:%02d:%02d GMT",
		1386	$weekday[$wday], $mday, $month[$mon], $year + 1900,
		1387	$H, $M, $S;
		1388	}
		1389
		1390	sub parse_date($) {
		1391	my ($date) = @_;
		1392
		1393	my ($d, $m, $y, $H, $M, $S);
		1394
		1395	if ($date =~ /^[A-Z][a-z][a-z]+, ([0-9][0-9]?)[\- ]([A-Z][a-z][a-z])[\- ]([0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]) ([0-9][0-9]?):([0-9][0-9]?):([0-9][0-9]?) GMT$/) {
		1396	# RFC 822/1123, required by RFC 2616 (with " ")
		1397	# cookie dates (with "-")
		1398
		1399	($d, $m, $y, $H, $M, $S) = ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
		1400
		1401	} elsif ($date =~ /^[A-Z][a-z][a-z]+, ([0-9][0-9]?)-([A-Z][a-z][a-z])-([0-9][0-9]) ([0-9][0-9]?):([0-9][0-9]?):([0-9][0-9]?) GMT$/) {
		1402	# RFC 850
		1403	($d, $m, $y, $H, $M, $S) = ($1, $2, $3 < 69 ? $3 + 2000 : $3 + 1900, $4, $5, $6);
		1404
		1405	} elsif ($date =~ /^[A-Z][a-z][a-z]+ ([A-Z][a-z][a-z]) ([0-9 ]?[0-9]) ([0-9][0-9]?):([0-9][0-9]?):([0-9][0-9]?) ([0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9])$/) {
		1406	# ISO C's asctime
		1407	($d, $m, $y, $H, $M, $S) = ($2, $1, $6, $3, $4, $5);
		1408	}
		1409	# other formats fail in the loop below
		1410
		1411	for (0..11) {
		1412	if ($m eq $month[$_]) {
		1413	require Time::Local;
		1414	return eval { Time::Local::timegm ($S, $M, $H, $d, $_, $y) };
		1415	}
		1416	}
		1417
		1418	undef
		1419	}
		1420
442	sub set_proxy($) {	1421	sub set_proxy($) {
443	$PROXY = [$2, $3 || 3128, $1] if $_[0] =~ m%^(https?):// ([^:/]+) (?: : (\d*) )?%ix;	1422	if (length $_[0]) {
		1423	$_[0] =~ m%^(http):// ([^:/]+) (?: : (\d*) )?%ix
		1424	or Carp::croak "$_[0]: invalid proxy URL";
		1425	$PROXY = [$2, $3 || 3128, $1]
		1426	} else {
		1427	undef $PROXY;
		1428	}
444	}	1429	}
445		1430
446	# initialise proxy from environment	1431	# initialise proxy from environment
		1432	eval {
447	set_proxy $ENV{http_proxy};	1433	set_proxy $ENV{http_proxy};
		1434	};
		1435
		1436	=head2 SHOWCASE
		1437
		1438	This section contains some more elaborate "real-world" examples or code
		1439	snippets.
		1440
		1441	=head2 HTTP/1.1 FILE DOWNLOAD
		1442
		1443	Downloading files with HTTP can be quite tricky, especially when something
		1444	goes wrong and you want to resume.
		1445
		1446	Here is a function that initiates and resumes a download. It uses the
		1447	last modified time to check for file content changes, and works with many
		1448	HTTP/1.0 servers as well, and usually falls back to a complete re-download
		1449	on older servers.
		1450
		1451	It calls the completion callback with either C<undef>, which means a
		1452	nonretryable error occurred, C<0> when the download was partial and should
		1453	be retried, and C<1> if it was successful.
		1454
		1455	use AnyEvent::HTTP;
		1456
		1457	sub download($$$) {
		1458	my ($url, $file, $cb) = @_;
		1459
		1460	open my $fh, "+<", $file
		1461	or die "$file: $!";
		1462
		1463	my %hdr;
		1464	my $ofs = 0;
		1465
		1466	if (stat $fh and -s _) {
		1467	$ofs = -s _;
		1468	warn "-s is ", $ofs;
		1469	$hdr{"if-unmodified-since"} = AnyEvent::HTTP::format_date +(stat _)[9];
		1470	$hdr{"range"} = "bytes=$ofs-";
		1471	}
		1472
		1473	http_get $url,
		1474	headers => \%hdr,
		1475	on_header => sub {
		1476	my ($hdr) = @_;
		1477
		1478	if ($hdr->{Status} == 200 && $ofs) {
		1479	# resume failed
		1480	truncate $fh, $ofs = 0;
		1481	}
		1482
		1483	sysseek $fh, $ofs, 0;
		1484
		1485	1
		1486	},
		1487	on_body => sub {
		1488	my ($data, $hdr) = @_;
		1489
		1490	if ($hdr->{Status} =~ /^2/) {
		1491	length $data == syswrite $fh, $data
		1492	or return; # abort on write errors
		1493	}
		1494
		1495	1
		1496	},
		1497	sub {
		1498	my (undef, $hdr) = @_;
		1499
		1500	my $status = $hdr->{Status};
		1501
		1502	if (my $time = AnyEvent::HTTP::parse_date $hdr->{"last-modified"}) {
		1503	utime $time, $time, $fh;
		1504	}
		1505
		1506	if ($status == 200 || $status == 206 || $status == 416) {
		1507	# download ok || resume ok || file already fully downloaded
		1508	$cb->(1, $hdr);
		1509
		1510	} elsif ($status == 412) {
		1511	# file has changed while resuming, delete and retry
		1512	unlink $file;
		1513	$cb->(0, $hdr);
		1514
		1515	} elsif ($status == 500 or $status == 503 or $status =~ /^59/) {
		1516	# retry later
		1517	$cb->(0, $hdr);
		1518
		1519	} else {
		1520	$cb->(undef, $hdr);
		1521	}
		1522	}
		1523	;
		1524	}
		1525
		1526	download "http://server/somelargefile", "/tmp/somelargefile", sub {
		1527	if ($_[0]) {
		1528	print "OK!\n";
		1529	} elsif (defined $_[0]) {
		1530	print "please retry later\n";
		1531	} else {
		1532	print "ERROR\n";
		1533	}
		1534	};
		1535
		1536	=head3 SOCKS PROXIES
		1537
		1538	Socks proxies are not directly supported by AnyEvent::HTTP. You can
		1539	compile your perl to support socks, or use an external program such as
		1540	F<socksify> (dante) or F<tsocks> to make your program use a socks proxy
		1541	transparently.
		1542
		1543	Alternatively, for AnyEvent::HTTP only, you can use your own
		1544	C<tcp_connect> function that does the proxy handshake - here is an example
		1545	that works with socks4a proxies:
		1546
		1547	use Errno;
		1548	use AnyEvent::Util;
		1549	use AnyEvent::Socket;
		1550	use AnyEvent::Handle;
		1551
		1552	# host, port and username of/for your socks4a proxy
		1553	my $socks_host = "10.0.0.23";
		1554	my $socks_port = 9050;
		1555	my $socks_user = "";
		1556
		1557	sub socks4a_connect {
		1558	my ($host, $port, $connect_cb, $prepare_cb) = @_;
		1559
		1560	my $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1561	connect => [$socks_host, $socks_port],
		1562	on_prepare => sub { $prepare_cb->($_[0]{fh}) },
		1563	on_error => sub { $connect_cb->() },
		1564	;
		1565
		1566	$hdl->push_write (pack "CCnNZ*Z*", 4, 1, $port, 1, $socks_user, $host);
		1567
		1568	$hdl->push_read (chunk => 8, sub {
		1569	my ($hdl, $chunk) = @_;
		1570	my ($status, $port, $ipn) = unpack "xCna4", $chunk;
		1571
		1572	if ($status == 0x5a) {
		1573	$connect_cb->($hdl->{fh}, (format_address $ipn) . ":$port");
		1574	} else {
		1575	$! = Errno::ENXIO; $connect_cb->();
		1576	}
		1577	});
		1578
		1579	$hdl
		1580	}
		1581
		1582	Use C<socks4a_connect> instead of C<tcp_connect> when doing C<http_request>s,
		1583	possibly after switching off other proxy types:
		1584
		1585	AnyEvent::HTTP::set_proxy undef; # usually you do not want other proxies
		1586
		1587	http_get 'http://www.google.com', tcp_connect => \&socks4a_connect, sub {
		1588	my ($data, $headers) = @_;
		1589	...
		1590	};
448		1591
449	=head1 SEE ALSO	1592	=head1 SEE ALSO
450		1593
451	L<AnyEvent>.	1594	L<AnyEvent>.
452		1595
453	=head1 AUTHOR	1596	=head1 AUTHOR
454		1597
455	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>	1598	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
456	http://home.schmorp.de/	1599	http://home.schmorp.de/
		1600
		1601	With many thanks to Дмитрий Шалашов, who provided countless
		1602	testcases and bugreports.
457		1603
458	=cut	1604	=cut
459		1605
460	1	1606	1
461		1607

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