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Revision 1.16 by root, Fri Jun 6 12:57:48 2008 UTC vs.
Revision 1.66 by root, Fri Dec 31 06:18:30 2010 UTC

3AnyEvent::HTTP - simple but non-blocking HTTP/HTTPS client 3AnyEvent::HTTP - simple but non-blocking HTTP/HTTPS client
4 4
5=head1 SYNOPSIS 5=head1 SYNOPSIS
6 6
7 use AnyEvent::HTTP; 7 use AnyEvent::HTTP;
8
9 http_get "http://www.nethype.de/", sub { print $_[1] };
10
11 # ... do something else here
8 12
9=head1 DESCRIPTION 13=head1 DESCRIPTION
10 14
11This module is an L<AnyEvent> user, you need to make sure that you use and 15This module is an L<AnyEvent> user, you need to make sure that you use and
12run a supported event loop. 16run a supported event loop.
35package AnyEvent::HTTP; 39package AnyEvent::HTTP;
36 40
37use strict; 41use strict;
38no warnings; 42no warnings;
39 43
40use Carp; 44use Errno ();
41 45
42use AnyEvent (); 46use AnyEvent 5.0 ();
43use AnyEvent::Util (); 47use AnyEvent::Util ();
44use AnyEvent::Socket ();
45use AnyEvent::Handle (); 48use AnyEvent::Handle ();
46 49
47use base Exporter::; 50use base Exporter::;
48 51
49our $VERSION = '1.01'; 52our $VERSION = '1.5';
50 53
51our @EXPORT = qw(http_get http_request); 54our @EXPORT = qw(http_get http_post http_head http_request);
52 55
53our $USERAGENT = "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; AnyEvent::HTTP/$VERSION; +http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/AnyEvent)"; 56our $USERAGENT = "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; U; AnyEvent-HTTP/$VERSION; +http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/AnyEvent)";
54our $MAX_RECURSE = 10; 57our $MAX_RECURSE = 10;
55our $MAX_PERSISTENT = 8; 58our $MAX_PERSISTENT = 8;
56our $PERSISTENT_TIMEOUT = 2; 59our $PERSISTENT_TIMEOUT = 2;
57our $TIMEOUT = 300; 60our $TIMEOUT = 300;
58 61
59# changing these is evil 62# changing these is evil
60our $MAX_PERSISTENT_PER_HOST = 2; 63our $MAX_PERSISTENT_PER_HOST = 0;
61our $MAX_PER_HOST = 4; 64our $MAX_PER_HOST = 4;
62 65
63our $PROXY; 66our $PROXY;
64our $ACTIVE = 0; 67our $ACTIVE = 0;
65 68
67my %CO_SLOT; # number of open connections, and wait queue, per host 70my %CO_SLOT; # number of open connections, and wait queue, per host
68 71
69=item http_get $url, key => value..., $cb->($data, $headers) 72=item http_get $url, key => value..., $cb->($data, $headers)
70 73
71Executes an HTTP-GET request. See the http_request function for details on 74Executes an HTTP-GET request. See the http_request function for details on
72additional parameters. 75additional parameters and the return value.
73 76
74=item http_head $url, key => value..., $cb->($data, $headers) 77=item http_head $url, key => value..., $cb->($data, $headers)
75 78
76Executes an HTTP-HEAD request. See the http_request function for details on 79Executes an HTTP-HEAD request. See the http_request function for details
77additional parameters. 80on additional parameters and the return value.
78 81
79=item http_post $url, $body, key => value..., $cb->($data, $headers) 82=item http_post $url, $body, key => value..., $cb->($data, $headers)
80 83
81Executes an HTTP-POST request with a request body of C<$bod>. See the 84Executes an HTTP-POST request with a request body of C<$body>. See the
82http_request function for details on additional parameters. 85http_request function for details on additional parameters and the return
86value.
83 87
84=item http_request $method => $url, key => value..., $cb->($data, $headers) 88=item http_request $method => $url, key => value..., $cb->($data, $headers)
85 89
86Executes a HTTP request of type C<$method> (e.g. C<GET>, C<POST>). The URL 90Executes a HTTP request of type C<$method> (e.g. C<GET>, C<POST>). The URL
87must be an absolute http or https URL. 91must be an absolute http or https URL.
88 92
93When called in void context, nothing is returned. In other contexts,
94C<http_request> returns a "cancellation guard" - you have to keep the
95object at least alive until the callback get called. If the object gets
96destroyed before the callback is called, the request will be cancelled.
97
89The callback will be called with the response data as first argument 98The callback will be called with the response body data as first argument
90(or C<undef> if it wasn't available due to errors), and a hash-ref with 99(or C<undef> if an error occured), and a hash-ref with response headers as
91response headers as second argument. 100second argument.
92 101
93All the headers in that hash are lowercased. In addition to the response 102All the headers in that hash are lowercased. In addition to the response
94headers, the three "pseudo-headers" C<HTTPVersion>, C<Status> and 103headers, the "pseudo-headers" (uppercase to avoid clashing with possible
95C<Reason> contain the three parts of the HTTP Status-Line of the same 104response headers) C<HTTPVersion>, C<Status> and C<Reason> contain the
105three parts of the HTTP Status-Line of the same name. If an error occurs
106during the body phase of a request, then the original C<Status> and
107C<Reason> values from the header are available as C<OrigStatus> and
108C<OrigReason>.
109
110The pseudo-header C<URL> contains the actual URL (which can differ from
111the requested URL when following redirects - for example, you might get
112an error that your URL scheme is not supported even though your URL is a
113valid http URL because it redirected to an ftp URL, in which case you can
114look at the URL pseudo header).
115
116The pseudo-header C<Redirect> only exists when the request was a result
117of an internal redirect. In that case it is an array reference with
118the C<($data, $headers)> from the redirect response. Note that this
119response could in turn be the result of a redirect itself, and C<<
120$headers->{Redirect}[1]{Redirect} >> will then contain the original
121response, and so on.
122
96name. If the server sends a header multiple lines, then their contents 123If the server sends a header multiple times, then their contents will be
97will be joined together with C<\x00>. 124joined together with a comma (C<,>), as per the HTTP spec.
98 125
99If an internal error occurs, such as not being able to resolve a hostname, 126If an internal error occurs, such as not being able to resolve a hostname,
100then C<$data> will be C<undef>, C<< $headers->{Status} >> will be C<599> 127then C<$data> will be C<undef>, C<< $headers->{Status} >> will be C<59x>
101and the C<Reason> pseudo-header will contain an error message. 128(usually C<599>) and the C<Reason> pseudo-header will contain an error
129message.
102 130
103A typical callback might look like this: 131A typical callback might look like this:
104 132
105 sub { 133 sub {
106 my ($body, $hdr) = @_; 134 my ($body, $hdr) = @_;
124 152
125=item headers => hashref 153=item headers => hashref
126 154
127The request headers to use. Currently, C<http_request> may provide its 155The request headers to use. Currently, C<http_request> may provide its
128own C<Host:>, C<Content-Length:>, C<Connection:> and C<Cookie:> headers 156own C<Host:>, C<Content-Length:>, C<Connection:> and C<Cookie:> headers
129and will provide defaults for C<User-Agent:> and C<Referer:>. 157and will provide defaults for C<User-Agent:> and C<Referer:> (this can be
158suppressed by using C<undef> for these headers in which case they won't be
159sent at all).
130 160
131=item timeout => $seconds 161=item timeout => $seconds
132 162
133The time-out to use for various stages - each connect attempt will reset 163The time-out to use for various stages - each connect attempt will reset
134the timeout, as will read or write activity. Default timeout is 5 minutes. 164the timeout, as will read or write activity, i.e. this is not an overall
165timeout.
166
167Default timeout is 5 minutes.
135 168
136=item proxy => [$host, $port[, $scheme]] or undef 169=item proxy => [$host, $port[, $scheme]] or undef
137 170
138Use the given http proxy for all requests. If not specified, then the 171Use the given http proxy for all requests. If not specified, then the
139default proxy (as specified by C<$ENV{http_proxy}>) is used. 172default proxy (as specified by C<$ENV{http_proxy}>) is used.
140 173
141C<$scheme> must be either missing or C<http> for HTTP, or C<https> for 174C<$scheme> must be either missing, C<http> for HTTP or C<https> for
142HTTPS. 175HTTPS.
143 176
144=item body => $string 177=item body => $string
145 178
146The request body, usually empty. Will be-sent as-is (future versions of 179The request body, usually empty. Will be-sent as-is (future versions of
152based on the original netscape specification. 185based on the original netscape specification.
153 186
154The C<$hash_ref> must be an (initially empty) hash reference which will 187The C<$hash_ref> must be an (initially empty) hash reference which will
155get updated automatically. It is possible to save the cookie_jar to 188get updated automatically. It is possible to save the cookie_jar to
156persistent storage with something like JSON or Storable, but this is not 189persistent storage with something like JSON or Storable, but this is not
157recommended, as expire times are currently being ignored. 190recommended, as expiry times are currently being ignored.
158 191
159Note that this cookie implementation is not of very high quality, nor 192Note that this cookie implementation is not of very high quality, nor
160meant to be complete. If you want complete cookie management you have to 193meant to be complete. If you want complete cookie management you have to
161do that on your own. C<cookie_jar> is meant as a quick fix to get some 194do that on your own. C<cookie_jar> is meant as a quick fix to get some
162cookie-using sites working. Cookies are a privacy disaster, do not use 195cookie-using sites working. Cookies are a privacy disaster, do not use
163them unless required to. 196them unless required to.
197
198=item tls_ctx => $scheme | $tls_ctx
199
200Specifies the AnyEvent::TLS context to be used for https connections. This
201parameter follows the same rules as the C<tls_ctx> parameter to
202L<AnyEvent::Handle>, but additionally, the two strings C<low> or
203C<high> can be specified, which give you a predefined low-security (no
204verification, highest compatibility) and high-security (CA and common-name
205verification) TLS context.
206
207The default for this option is C<low>, which could be interpreted as "give
208me the page, no matter what".
209
210=item on_prepare => $callback->($fh)
211
212In rare cases you need to "tune" the socket before it is used to
213connect (for exmaple, to bind it on a given IP address). This parameter
214overrides the prepare callback passed to C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>
215and behaves exactly the same way (e.g. it has to provide a
216timeout). See the description for the C<$prepare_cb> argument of
217C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect> for details.
218
219=item tcp_connect => $callback->($host, $service, $connect_cb, $prepare_cb)
220
221In even rarer cases you want total control over how AnyEvent::HTTP
222establishes connections. Normally it uses L<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>
223to do this, but you can provide your own C<tcp_connect> function -
224obviously, it has to follow the same calling conventions, except that it
225may always return a connection guard object.
226
227There are probably lots of weird uses for this function, starting from
228tracing the hosts C<http_request> actually tries to connect, to (inexact
229but fast) host => IP address caching or even socks protocol support.
230
231=item on_header => $callback->($headers)
232
233When specified, this callback will be called with the header hash as soon
234as headers have been successfully received from the remote server (not on
235locally-generated errors).
236
237It has to return either true (in which case AnyEvent::HTTP will continue),
238or false, in which case AnyEvent::HTTP will cancel the download (and call
239the finish callback with an error code of C<598>).
240
241This callback is useful, among other things, to quickly reject unwanted
242content, which, if it is supposed to be rare, can be faster than first
243doing a C<HEAD> request.
244
245Example: cancel the request unless the content-type is "text/html".
246
247 on_header => sub {
248 $_[0]{"content-type"} =~ /^text\/html\s*(?:;|$)/
249 },
250
251=item on_body => $callback->($partial_body, $headers)
252
253When specified, all body data will be passed to this callback instead of
254to the completion callback. The completion callback will get the empty
255string instead of the body data.
256
257It has to return either true (in which case AnyEvent::HTTP will continue),
258or false, in which case AnyEvent::HTTP will cancel the download (and call
259the completion callback with an error code of C<598>).
260
261This callback is useful when the data is too large to be held in memory
262(so the callback writes it to a file) or when only some information should
263be extracted, or when the body should be processed incrementally.
264
265It is usually preferred over doing your own body handling via
266C<want_body_handle>, but in case of streaming APIs, where HTTP is
267only used to create a connection, C<want_body_handle> is the better
268alternative, as it allows you to install your own event handler, reducing
269resource usage.
270
271=item want_body_handle => $enable
272
273When enabled (default is disabled), the behaviour of AnyEvent::HTTP
274changes considerably: after parsing the headers, and instead of
275downloading the body (if any), the completion callback will be
276called. Instead of the C<$body> argument containing the body data, the
277callback will receive the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object associated with the
278connection. In error cases, C<undef> will be passed. When there is no body
279(e.g. status C<304>), the empty string will be passed.
280
281The handle object might or might not be in TLS mode, might be connected to
282a proxy, be a persistent connection etc., and configured in unspecified
283ways. The user is responsible for this handle (it will not be used by this
284module anymore).
285
286This is useful with some push-type services, where, after the initial
287headers, an interactive protocol is used (typical example would be the
288push-style twitter API which starts a JSON/XML stream).
289
290If you think you need this, first have a look at C<on_body>, to see if
291that doesn't solve your problem in a better way.
164 292
165=back 293=back
166 294
167Example: make a simple HTTP GET request for http://www.nethype.de/ 295Example: make a simple HTTP GET request for http://www.nethype.de/
168 296
181 my ($body, $hdr) = @_; 309 my ($body, $hdr) = @_;
182 use Data::Dumper; 310 use Data::Dumper;
183 print Dumper $hdr; 311 print Dumper $hdr;
184 } 312 }
185 ; 313 ;
314
315Example: make another simple HTTP GET request, but immediately try to
316cancel it.
317
318 my $request = http_request GET => "http://www.nethype.de/", sub {
319 my ($body, $hdr) = @_;
320 print "$body\n";
321 };
322
323 undef $request;
186 324
187=cut 325=cut
188 326
189sub _slot_schedule; 327sub _slot_schedule;
190sub _slot_schedule($) { 328sub _slot_schedule($) {
214 push @{ $CO_SLOT{$_[0]}[1] }, $_[1]; 352 push @{ $CO_SLOT{$_[0]}[1] }, $_[1];
215 353
216 _slot_schedule $_[0]; 354 _slot_schedule $_[0];
217} 355}
218 356
357# continue to parse $_ for headers and place them into the arg
358sub parse_hdr() {
359 my %hdr;
360
361 # things seen, not parsed:
362 # p3pP="NON CUR OTPi OUR NOR UNI"
363
364 $hdr{lc $1} .= ",$2"
365 while /\G
366 ([^:\000-\037]*):
367 [\011\040]*
368 ((?: [^\012]+ | \012[\011\040] )*)
369 \012
370 /gxc;
371
372 /\G$/
373 or return;
374
375 # remove the "," prefix we added to all headers above
376 substr $_, 0, 1, ""
377 for values %hdr;
378
379 \%hdr
380}
381
382our $qr_nlnl = qr{(?<![^\012])\015?\012};
383
384our $TLS_CTX_LOW = { cache => 1, sslv2 => 1 };
385our $TLS_CTX_HIGH = { cache => 1, verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" };
386
219sub http_request($$@) { 387sub http_request($$@) {
220 my $cb = pop; 388 my $cb = pop;
221 my ($method, $url, %arg) = @_; 389 my ($method, $url, %arg) = @_;
222 390
223 my %hdr; 391 my %hdr;
392
393 $arg{tls_ctx} = $TLS_CTX_LOW if $arg{tls_ctx} eq "low" || !exists $arg{tls_ctx};
394 $arg{tls_ctx} = $TLS_CTX_HIGH if $arg{tls_ctx} eq "high";
224 395
225 $method = uc $method; 396 $method = uc $method;
226 397
227 if (my $hdr = $arg{headers}) { 398 if (my $hdr = $arg{headers}) {
228 while (my ($k, $v) = each %$hdr) { 399 while (my ($k, $v) = each %$hdr) {
229 $hdr{lc $k} = $v; 400 $hdr{lc $k} = $v;
230 } 401 }
231 } 402 }
232 403
404 # pseudo headers for all subsequent responses
405 my @pseudo = (URL => $url);
406 push @pseudo, Redirect => delete $arg{Redirect} if exists $arg{Redirect};
407
233 my $recurse = exists $arg{recurse} ? $arg{recurse} : $MAX_RECURSE; 408 my $recurse = exists $arg{recurse} ? delete $arg{recurse} : $MAX_RECURSE;
234 409
235 return $cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "recursion limit reached" }) 410 return $cb->(undef, { @pseudo, Status => 599, Reason => "Too many redirections" })
236 if $recurse < 0; 411 if $recurse < 0;
237 412
238 my $proxy = $arg{proxy} || $PROXY; 413 my $proxy = $arg{proxy} || $PROXY;
239 my $timeout = $arg{timeout} || $TIMEOUT; 414 my $timeout = $arg{timeout} || $TIMEOUT;
240 415
241 $hdr{"user-agent"} ||= $USERAGENT;
242
243 my ($scheme, $authority, $upath, $query, $fragment) = 416 my ($uscheme, $uauthority, $upath, $query, $fragment) =
244 $url =~ m|(?:([^:/?#]+):)?(?://([^/?#]*))?([^?#]*)(?:\?([^#]*))?(?:#(.*))?|; 417 $url =~ m|(?:([^:/?#]+):)?(?://([^/?#]*))?([^?#]*)(?:(\?[^#]*))?(?:#(.*))?|;
245 418
246 $scheme = lc $scheme; 419 $uscheme = lc $uscheme;
247 420
248 my $uport = $scheme eq "http" ? 80 421 my $uport = $uscheme eq "http" ? 80
249 : $scheme eq "https" ? 443 422 : $uscheme eq "https" ? 443
250 : return $cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "only http and https URL schemes supported" }); 423 : return $cb->(undef, { @pseudo, Status => 599, Reason => "Only http and https URL schemes supported" });
251 424
252 $hdr{referer} ||= "$scheme://$authority$upath"; # leave out fragment and query string, just a heuristic
253
254 $authority =~ /^(?: .*\@ )? ([^\@:]+) (?: : (\d+) )?$/x 425 $uauthority =~ /^(?: .*\@ )? ([^\@:]+) (?: : (\d+) )?$/x
255 or return $cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "unparsable URL" }); 426 or return $cb->(undef, { @pseudo, Status => 599, Reason => "Unparsable URL" });
256 427
257 my $uhost = $1; 428 my $uhost = $1;
258 $uport = $2 if defined $2; 429 $uport = $2 if defined $2;
259 430
431 $hdr{host} = defined $2 ? "$uhost:$2" : "$uhost"
432 unless exists $hdr{host};
433
260 $uhost =~ s/^\[(.*)\]$/$1/; 434 $uhost =~ s/^\[(.*)\]$/$1/;
261 $upath .= "?$query" if length $query; 435 $upath .= $query if length $query;
262 436
263 $upath =~ s%^/?%/%; 437 $upath =~ s%^/?%/%;
264 438
265 # cookie processing 439 # cookie processing
266 if (my $jar = $arg{cookie_jar}) { 440 if (my $jar = $arg{cookie_jar}) {
267 %$jar = () if $jar->{version} < 1; 441 %$jar = () if $jar->{version} != 1;
268 442
269 my @cookie; 443 my @cookie;
270 444
271 while (my ($chost, $v) = each %$jar) { 445 while (my ($chost, $v) = each %$jar) {
446 if ($chost =~ /^\./) {
272 next unless $chost eq substr $uhost, -length $chost; 447 next unless $chost eq substr $uhost, -length $chost;
273 next unless $chost =~ /^\./; 448 } elsif ($chost =~ /\./) {
449 next unless $chost eq $uhost;
450 } else {
451 next;
452 }
274 453
275 while (my ($cpath, $v) = each %$v) { 454 while (my ($cpath, $v) = each %$v) {
276 next unless $cpath eq substr $upath, 0, length $cpath; 455 next unless $cpath eq substr $upath, 0, length $cpath;
277 456
278 while (my ($k, $v) = each %$v) { 457 while (my ($k, $v) = each %$v) {
279 next if $scheme ne "https" && exists $v->{secure}; 458 next if $uscheme ne "https" && exists $v->{secure};
459 my $value = $v->{value};
460 $value =~ s/([\\"])/\\$1/g;
280 push @cookie, "$k=$v->{value}"; 461 push @cookie, "$k=\"$value\"";
281 } 462 }
282 } 463 }
283 } 464 }
284 465
285 $hdr{cookie} = join "; ", @cookie 466 $hdr{cookie} = join "; ", @cookie
286 if @cookie; 467 if @cookie;
287 } 468 }
288 469
289 my ($rhost, $rport, $rpath); # request host, port, path 470 my ($rhost, $rport, $rscheme, $rpath); # request host, port, path
290 471
291 if ($proxy) { 472 if ($proxy) {
292 ($rhost, $rport, $scheme) = @$proxy; 473 ($rpath, $rhost, $rport, $rscheme) = ($url, @$proxy);
293 $rpath = $url; 474
475 $rscheme = "http" unless defined $rscheme;
476
477 # don't support https requests over https-proxy transport,
478 # can't be done with tls as spec'ed, unless you double-encrypt.
479 $rscheme = "http" if $uscheme eq "https" && $rscheme eq "https";
294 } else { 480 } else {
295 ($rhost, $rport, $rpath) = ($uhost, $uport, $upath); 481 ($rhost, $rport, $rscheme, $rpath) = ($uhost, $uport, $uscheme, $upath);
296 $hdr{host} = $uhost;
297 } 482 }
298 483
484 # leave out fragment and query string, just a heuristic
485 $hdr{referer} = "$uscheme://$uauthority$upath" unless exists $hdr{referer};
486 $hdr{"user-agent"} = $USERAGENT unless exists $hdr{"user-agent"};
487
299 $hdr{"content-length"} = length $arg{body}; 488 $hdr{"content-length"} = length $arg{body}
489 if length $arg{body} || $method ne "GET";
490
491 $hdr{connection} = "close TE";
492 $hdr{te} = "trailers" unless exists $hdr{te};
300 493
301 my %state = (connect_guard => 1); 494 my %state = (connect_guard => 1);
302 495
303 _get_slot $uhost, sub { 496 _get_slot $uhost, sub {
304 $state{slot_guard} = shift; 497 $state{slot_guard} = shift;
305 498
306 return unless $state{connect_guard}; 499 return unless $state{connect_guard};
307 500
308 $state{connect_guard} = AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect $rhost, $rport, sub { 501 my $connect_cb = sub {
309 $state{fh} = shift 502 $state{fh} = shift
503 or do {
504 my $err = "$!";
505 %state = ();
310 or return $cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "$!" }); 506 return $cb->(undef, { @pseudo, Status => 599, Reason => $err });
507 };
311 508
312 delete $state{connect_guard}; # reduce memory usage, save a tree 509 pop; # free memory, save a tree
510
511 return unless delete $state{connect_guard};
313 512
314 # get handle 513 # get handle
315 $state{handle} = new AnyEvent::Handle 514 $state{handle} = new AnyEvent::Handle
316 fh => $state{fh}, 515 fh => $state{fh},
317 ($scheme eq "https" ? (tls => "connect") : ()); 516 peername => $rhost,
517 tls_ctx => $arg{tls_ctx},
518 # these need to be reconfigured on keepalive handles
519 timeout => $timeout,
520 on_error => sub {
521 %state = ();
522 $cb->(undef, { @pseudo, Status => 599, Reason => $_[2] });
523 },
524 on_eof => sub {
525 %state = ();
526 $cb->(undef, { @pseudo, Status => 599, Reason => "Unexpected end-of-file" });
527 },
528 ;
318 529
319 # limit the number of persistent connections 530 # limit the number of persistent connections
531 # keepalive not yet supported
320 if ($KA_COUNT{$_[1]} < $MAX_PERSISTENT_PER_HOST) { 532# if ($KA_COUNT{$_[1]} < $MAX_PERSISTENT_PER_HOST) {
321 ++$KA_COUNT{$_[1]}; 533# ++$KA_COUNT{$_[1]};
322 $state{handle}{ka_count_guard} = AnyEvent::Util::guard { --$KA_COUNT{$_[1]} }; 534# $state{handle}{ka_count_guard} = AnyEvent::Util::guard {
535# --$KA_COUNT{$_[1]}
536# };
323 $hdr{connection} = "keep-alive"; 537# $hdr{connection} = "keep-alive";
324 delete $hdr{connection}; # keep-alive not yet supported
325 } else { 538# } else {
326 delete $hdr{connection}; 539# delete $hdr{connection};
327 } 540# }
328 541
329 # (re-)configure handle 542 $state{handle}->starttls ("connect") if $rscheme eq "https";
330 $state{handle}->timeout ($timeout);
331 $state{handle}->on_error (sub {
332 my $errno = "$!";
333 %state = ();
334 $cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => $errno });
335 });
336 $state{handle}->on_eof (sub {
337 %state = ();
338 $cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "unexpected end-of-file" });
339 });
340 543
544 # handle actual, non-tunneled, request
545 my $handle_actual_request = sub {
546 $state{handle}->starttls ("connect") if $uscheme eq "https" && !exists $state{handle}{tls};
547
341 # send request 548 # send request
342 $state{handle}->push_write ( 549 $state{handle}->push_write (
343 "$method $rpath HTTP/1.0\015\012" 550 "$method $rpath HTTP/1.1\015\012"
344 . (join "", map "$_: $hdr{$_}\015\012", keys %hdr) 551 . (join "", map "\u$_: $hdr{$_}\015\012", grep defined $hdr{$_}, keys %hdr)
345 . "\015\012" 552 . "\015\012"
346 . (delete $arg{body}) 553 . (delete $arg{body})
347 );
348
349 %hdr = (); # reduce memory usage, save a kitten
350
351 # status line
352 $state{handle}->push_read (line => qr/\015?\012/, sub {
353 $_[1] =~ /^HTTP\/([0-9\.]+) \s+ ([0-9]{3}) \s+ ([^\015\012]+)/ix
354 or return (%state = (), $cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "invalid server response ($_[1])" }));
355
356 my %hdr = ( # response headers
357 HTTPVersion => "\x00$1",
358 Status => "\x00$2",
359 Reason => "\x00$3",
360 ); 554 );
361 555
362 # headers, could be optimized a bit 556 # return if error occured during push_write()
557 return unless %state;
558
559 %hdr = (); # reduce memory usage, save a kitten, also make it possible to re-use
560
561 # status line and headers
363 $state{handle}->unshift_read (line => qr/\015?\012\015?\012/, sub { 562 $state{handle}->push_read (line => $qr_nlnl, sub {
563 my $keepalive = pop;
564
364 for ("$_[1]\012") { 565 for ("$_[1]") {
365 # we support spaces in field names, as lotus domino 566 y/\015//d; # weed out any \015, as they show up in the weirdest of places.
366 # creates them.
367 $hdr{lc $1} .= "\x00$2"
368 while /\G
369 ([^:\000-\037]+):
370 [\011\040]*
371 ((?: [^\015\012]+ | \015?\012[\011\040] )*)
372 \015?\012
373 /gxc;
374 567
568 /^HTTP\/([0-9\.]+) \s+ ([0-9]{3}) (?: \s+ ([^\012]*) )? \012/igxc
569 or return (%state = (), $cb->(undef, { @pseudo, Status => 599, Reason => "Invalid server response" }));
570
571 push @pseudo,
572 HTTPVersion => $1,
573 Status => $2,
574 Reason => $3,
375 /\G$/ 575 ;
576
577 my $hdr = parse_hdr
376 or return (%state = (), $cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "garbled response headers" })); 578 or return (%state = (), $cb->(undef, { @pseudo, Status => 599, Reason => "Garbled response headers" }));
579
580 %hdr = (%$hdr, @pseudo);
377 } 581 }
378 582
379 substr $_, 0, 1, "" 583 # redirect handling
380 for values %hdr; 584 # microsoft and other shitheads don't give a shit for following standards,
585 # try to support some common forms of broken Location headers.
586 if ($hdr{location} !~ /^(?: $ | [^:\/?\#]+ : )/x) {
587 $hdr{location} =~ s/^\.\/+//;
381 588
382 my $finish = sub { 589 my $url = "$rscheme://$uhost:$uport";
590
591 unless ($hdr{location} =~ s/^\///) {
592 $url .= $upath;
593 $url =~ s/\/[^\/]*$//;
594 }
595
596 $hdr{location} = "$url/$hdr{location}";
597 }
598
599 my $redirect;
600
601 if ($recurse) {
602 my $status = $hdr{Status};
603
604 # industry standard is to redirect POST as GET for
605 # 301, 302 and 303, in contrast to http/1.0 and 1.1.
606 # also, the UA should ask the user for 301 and 307 and POST,
607 # industry standard seems to be to simply follow.
608 # we go with the industry standard.
609 if ($status == 301 or $status == 302 or $status == 303) {
610 # HTTP/1.1 is unclear on how to mutate the method
611 $method = "GET" unless $method eq "HEAD";
612 $redirect = 1;
613 } elsif ($status == 307) {
614 $redirect = 1;
615 }
616 }
617
618 my $finish = sub { # ($data, $err_status, $err_reason[, $keepalive])
619 $state{handle}->destroy if $state{handle};
383 %state = (); 620 %state = ();
384 621
622 if (defined $_[1]) {
623 $hdr{OrigStatus} = $hdr{Status}; $hdr{Status} = $_[1];
624 $hdr{OrigReason} = $hdr{Reason}; $hdr{Reason} = $_[2];
625 }
626
385 # set-cookie processing 627 # set-cookie processing
386 if ($arg{cookie_jar} && exists $hdr{"set-cookie"}) { 628 if ($arg{cookie_jar}) {
387 for (split /\x00/, $hdr{"set-cookie"}) { 629 for ($hdr{"set-cookie"}) {
388 my ($cookie, @arg) = split /;\s*/; 630 # parse NAME=VALUE
389 my ($name, $value) = split /=/, $cookie, 2; 631 my @kv;
390 my %kv = (value => $value, map { split /=/, $_, 2 } @arg); 632
633 while (/\G\s* ([^=;,[:space:]]+) \s*=\s* (?: "((?:[^\\"]+|\\.)*)" | ([^=;,[:space:]]*) )/gcxs) {
634 my $name = $1;
635 my $value = $3;
636
637 unless ($value) {
638 $value = $2;
639 $value =~ s/\\(.)/$1/gs;
640 }
641
642 push @kv, $name => $value;
643
644 last unless /\G\s*;/gc;
645 }
646
647 last unless @kv;
648
649 my $name = shift @kv;
650 my %kv = (value => shift @kv, @kv);
651
652 my $cdom;
653 my $cpath = (delete $kv{path}) || "/";
654
655 if (exists $kv{domain}) {
656 $cdom = delete $kv{domain};
391 657
392 my $cdom = (delete $kv{domain}) || $uhost;
393 my $cpath = (delete $kv{path}) || "/";
394
395 $cdom =~ s/^.?/./; # make sure it starts with a "." 658 $cdom =~ s/^\.?/./; # make sure it starts with a "."
396 659
397 next if $cdom =~ /\.$/; 660 next if $cdom =~ /\.$/;
398 661
399 # this is not rfc-like and not netscape-like. go figure. 662 # this is not rfc-like and not netscape-like. go figure.
400 my $ndots = $cdom =~ y/.//; 663 my $ndots = $cdom =~ y/.//;
401 next if $ndots < ($cdom =~ /\.[^.][^.]\.[^.][^.]$/ ? 3 : 2); 664 next if $ndots < ($cdom =~ /\.[^.][^.]\.[^.][^.]$/ ? 3 : 2);
665 } else {
666 $cdom = $uhost;
667 }
402 668
403 # store it 669 # store it
404 $arg{cookie_jar}{version} = 1; 670 $arg{cookie_jar}{version} = 1;
405 $arg{cookie_jar}{$cdom}{$cpath}{$name} = \%kv; 671 $arg{cookie_jar}{$cdom}{$cpath}{$name} = \%kv;
672
673 redo if /\G\s*,/gc;
406 } 674 }
407 } 675 }
408 676
409 if ($_[1]{Status} =~ /^30[12]$/ && $recurse) { 677 if ($redirect && exists $hdr{location}) {
410 # microsoft and other assholes don't give a shit for following standards, 678 # we ignore any errors, as it is very common to receive
411 # try to support a common form of broken Location header. 679 # Content-Length != 0 but no actual body
412 $_[1]{location} =~ s%^/%$scheme://$uhost:$uport/%; 680 # we also access %hdr, as $_[1] might be an erro
413 681 http_request (
414 http_request ($method, $_[1]{location}, %arg, recurse => $recurse - 1, $cb); 682 $method => $hdr{location},
683 %arg,
684 recurse => $recurse - 1,
685 Redirect => [$_[0], \%hdr],
686 $cb);
415 } else { 687 } else {
416 $cb->($_[0], $_[1]); 688 $cb->($_[0], \%hdr);
417 } 689 }
418 }; 690 };
419 691
420 if ($hdr{Status} =~ /^(?:1..|204|304)$/ or $method eq "HEAD") { 692 my $len = $hdr{"content-length"};
693
694 if (!$redirect && $arg{on_header} && !$arg{on_header}(\%hdr)) {
695 $finish->(undef, 598 => "Request cancelled by on_header");
696 } elsif (
697 $hdr{Status} =~ /^(?:1..|204|205|304)$/
698 or $method eq "HEAD"
699 or (defined $len && !$len)
700 ) {
701 # no body
421 $finish->(undef, \%hdr); 702 $finish->("", undef, undef, 1);
422 } else { 703 } else {
423 if (exists $hdr{"content-length"}) { 704 # body handling, many different code paths
424 $_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $hdr{"content-length"}, sub { 705 # - no body expected
425 # could cache persistent connection now 706 # - want_body_handle
426 if ($hdr{connection} =~ /\bkeep-alive\b/i) { 707 # - te chunked
427 # but we don't, due to misdesigns, this is annoyingly complex 708 # - 2x length known (with or without on_body)
709 # - 2x length not known (with or without on_body)
710 if (!$redirect && $arg{want_body_handle}) {
711 $_[0]->on_eof (undef);
712 $_[0]->on_error (undef);
713 $_[0]->on_read (undef);
714
715 $finish->(delete $state{handle});
716
717 } elsif ($hdr{"transfer-encoding"} =~ /chunked/) {
718 my $body = undef;
719 my $on_body = $arg{on_body} || sub { $body .= shift; 1 };
720
721 $_[0]->on_error (sub { $finish->(undef, 599 => $_[2]) });
722
723 my $read_chunk; $read_chunk = sub {
724 warn $_[1];#d#
725 $_[1] =~ /^([0-9a-fA-F]+)/
726 or $finish->(undef, 599 => "Garbled chunked transfer encoding");
727
728 my $len = hex $1;
729
730 if ($len) {
731 $_[0]->push_read (chunk => hex $1, sub {
732 $on_body->($_[1], \%hdr)
733 or return $finish->(undef, 598 => "Request cancelled by on_body");
734
735 $_[0]->push_read (line => sub {
736 length $_[1]
737 and return $finish->(undef, 599 => "Garbled chunked transfer encoding");
738 $_[0]->push_read (line => $read_chunk);
739 });
740 });
741 } else {
742 $_[0]->push_read (line => $qr_nlnl, sub {
743 if (length $_[1]) {
744 for ("$_[1]") {
745 y/\015//d; # weed out any \015, as they show up in the weirdest of places.
746
747 my $hdr = parse_hdr
748 or return $finish->(undef, 599 => "Garbled response trailers");
749
750 %hdr = (%hdr, %$hdr);
751 }
752 }
753
754 $finish->($body, undef, undef, 1);
755 });
756 }
757 };
758
759 $_[0]->push_read (line => $read_chunk);
760
761 } elsif ($arg{on_body}) {
762 $_[0]->on_error (sub { $finish->(undef, 599 => $_[2]) });
763
764 if ($len) {
765 $_[0]->on_read (sub {
766 $len -= length $_[0]{rbuf};
767
768 $arg{on_body}(delete $_[0]{rbuf}, \%hdr)
769 or return $finish->(undef, 598 => "Request cancelled by on_body");
770
771 $len > 0
772 or $finish->("", undef, undef, 1);
428 }; 773 });
429 774 } else {
775 $_[0]->on_eof (sub {
430 $finish->($_[1], \%hdr); 776 $finish->("");
777 });
778 $_[0]->on_read (sub {
779 $arg{on_body}(delete $_[0]{rbuf}, \%hdr)
780 or $finish->(undef, 598 => "Request cancelled by on_body");
781 });
431 }); 782 }
432 } else { 783 } else {
433 # too bad, need to read until we get an error or EOF,
434 # no way to detect winged data.
435 $_[0]->on_error (sub {
436 $finish->($_[0]{rbuf}, \%hdr);
437 });
438 $_[0]->on_eof (undef); 784 $_[0]->on_eof (undef);
785
786 if ($len) {
787 $_[0]->on_error (sub { $finish->(undef, 599 => $_[2]) });
788 $_[0]->on_read (sub {
789 $finish->((substr delete $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, ""), undef, undef, 1)
790 if $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf};
791 });
792 } else {
793 $_[0]->on_error (sub {
794 ($! == Errno::EPIPE || !$!)
795 ? $finish->(delete $_[0]{rbuf})
796 : $finish->(undef, 599 => $_[2]);
797 });
439 $_[0]->on_read (sub { }); 798 $_[0]->on_read (sub { });
799 }
440 } 800 }
441 } 801 }
442 }); 802 });
443 }); 803 };
444 }, sub { 804
445 $timeout 805 # now handle proxy-CONNECT method
806 if ($proxy && $uscheme eq "https") {
807 # oh dear, we have to wrap it into a connect request
808
809 # maybe re-use $uauthority with patched port?
810 $state{handle}->push_write ("CONNECT $uhost:$uport HTTP/1.0\015\012Host: $uhost\015\012\015\012");
811 $state{handle}->push_read (line => $qr_nlnl, sub {
812 $_[1] =~ /^HTTP\/([0-9\.]+) \s+ ([0-9]{3}) (?: \s+ ([^\015\012]*) )?/ix
813 or return (%state = (), $cb->(undef, { @pseudo, Status => 599, Reason => "Invalid proxy connect response ($_[1])" }));
814
815 if ($2 == 200) {
816 $rpath = $upath;
817 &$handle_actual_request;
818 } else {
819 %state = ();
820 $cb->(undef, { @pseudo, Status => $2, Reason => $3 });
821 }
822 });
823 } else {
824 &$handle_actual_request;
825 }
446 }; 826 };
827
828 my $tcp_connect = $arg{tcp_connect}
829 || do { require AnyEvent::Socket; \&AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect };
830
831 $state{connect_guard} = $tcp_connect->($rhost, $rport, $connect_cb, $arg{on_prepare} || sub { $timeout });
832
447 }; 833 };
448 834
449 defined wantarray && AnyEvent::Util::guard { %state = () } 835 defined wantarray && AnyEvent::Util::guard { %state = () }
450} 836}
451 837
458 unshift @_, "HEAD"; 844 unshift @_, "HEAD";
459 &http_request 845 &http_request
460} 846}
461 847
462sub http_post($$@) { 848sub http_post($$@) {
849 my $url = shift;
463 unshift @_, "POST", "body"; 850 unshift @_, "POST", $url, "body";
464 &http_request 851 &http_request
465} 852}
466 853
467=back 854=back
468 855
856=head2 DNS CACHING
857
858AnyEvent::HTTP uses the AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect function for
859the actual connection, which in turn uses AnyEvent::DNS to resolve
860hostnames. The latter is a simple stub resolver and does no caching
861on its own. If you want DNS caching, you currently have to provide
862your own default resolver (by storing a suitable resolver object in
863C<$AnyEvent::DNS::RESOLVER>).
864
469=head2 GLOBAL FUNCTIONS AND VARIABLES 865=head2 GLOBAL FUNCTIONS AND VARIABLES
470 866
471=over 4 867=over 4
472 868
473=item AnyEvent::HTTP::set_proxy "proxy-url" 869=item AnyEvent::HTTP::set_proxy "proxy-url"
474 870
475Sets the default proxy server to use. The proxy-url must begin with a 871Sets the default proxy server to use. The proxy-url must begin with a
476string of the form C<http://host:port> (optionally C<https:...>). 872string of the form C<http://host:port> (optionally C<https:...>), croaks
873otherwise.
874
875To clear an already-set proxy, use C<undef>.
876
877=item $date = AnyEvent::HTTP::format_date $timestamp
878
879Takes a POSIX timestamp (seconds since the epoch) and formats it as a HTTP
880Date (RFC 2616).
881
882=item $timestamp = AnyEvent::HTTP::parse_date $date
883
884Takes a HTTP Date (RFC 2616) and returns the corresponding POSIX
885timestamp, or C<undef> if the date cannot be parsed.
477 886
478=item $AnyEvent::HTTP::MAX_RECURSE 887=item $AnyEvent::HTTP::MAX_RECURSE
479 888
480The default value for the C<recurse> request parameter (default: C<10>). 889The default value for the C<recurse> request parameter (default: C<10>).
481 890
482=item $AnyEvent::HTTP::USERAGENT 891=item $AnyEvent::HTTP::USERAGENT
483 892
484The default value for the C<User-Agent> header (the default is 893The default value for the C<User-Agent> header (the default is
485C<Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; AnyEvent::HTTP/$VERSION; +http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/AnyEvent)>). 894C<Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; U; AnyEvent-HTTP/$VERSION; +http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/AnyEvent)>).
486 895
487=item $AnyEvent::HTTP::MAX_PERSISTENT 896=item $AnyEvent::HTTP::MAX_PER_HOST
488 897
489The maximum number of persistent connections to keep open (default: 8). 898The maximum number of concurrent connections to the same host (identified
899by the hostname). If the limit is exceeded, then the additional requests
900are queued until previous connections are closed.
490 901
491Not implemented currently. 902The default value for this is C<4>, and it is highly advisable to not
492 903increase it.
493=item $AnyEvent::HTTP::PERSISTENT_TIMEOUT
494
495The maximum time to cache a persistent connection, in seconds (default: 2).
496
497Not implemented currently.
498 904
499=item $AnyEvent::HTTP::ACTIVE 905=item $AnyEvent::HTTP::ACTIVE
500 906
501The number of active connections. This is not the number of currently 907The number of active connections. This is not the number of currently
502running requests, but the number of currently open and non-idle TCP 908running requests, but the number of currently open and non-idle TCP
504 910
505=back 911=back
506 912
507=cut 913=cut
508 914
915our @month = qw(Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec);
916our @weekday = qw(Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat);
917
918sub format_date($) {
919 my ($time) = @_;
920
921 # RFC 822/1123 format
922 my ($S, $M, $H, $mday, $mon, $year, $wday, $yday, undef) = gmtime $time;
923
924 sprintf "%s, %02d %s %04d %02d:%02d:%02d GMT",
925 $weekday[$wday], $mday, $month[$mon], $year + 1900,
926 $H, $M, $S;
927}
928
929sub parse_date($) {
930 my ($date) = @_;
931
932 my ($d, $m, $y, $H, $M, $S);
933
934 if ($date =~ /^[A-Z][a-z][a-z], ([0-9][0-9]) ([A-Z][a-z][a-z]) ([0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]) ([0-9][0-9]):([0-9][0-9]):([0-9][0-9]) GMT$/) {
935 # RFC 822/1123, required by RFC 2616
936 ($d, $m, $y, $H, $M, $S) = ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
937
938 } elsif ($date =~ /^[A-Z][a-z]+, ([0-9][0-9])-([A-Z][a-z][a-z])-([0-9][0-9]) ([0-9][0-9]):([0-9][0-9]):([0-9][0-9]) GMT$/) {
939 # RFC 850
940 ($d, $m, $y, $H, $M, $S) = ($1, $2, $3 < 69 ? $3 + 2000 : $3 + 1900, $4, $5, $6);
941
942 } elsif ($date =~ /^[A-Z][a-z][a-z] ([A-Z][a-z][a-z]) ([0-9 ][0-9]) ([0-9][0-9]):([0-9][0-9]):([0-9][0-9]) ([0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9])$/) {
943 # ISO C's asctime
944 ($d, $m, $y, $H, $M, $S) = ($2, $1, $6, $3, $4, $5);
945 }
946 # other formats fail in the loop below
947
948 for (0..11) {
949 if ($m eq $month[$_]) {
950 require Time::Local;
951 return Time::Local::timegm ($S, $M, $H, $d, $_, $y);
952 }
953 }
954
955 undef
956}
957
509sub set_proxy($) { 958sub set_proxy($) {
959 if (length $_[0]) {
510 $PROXY = [$2, $3 || 3128, $1] if $_[0] =~ m%^(https?):// ([^:/]+) (?: : (\d*) )?%ix; 960 $_[0] =~ m%^(https?):// ([^:/]+) (?: : (\d*) )?%ix
961 or Carp::croak "$_[0]: invalid proxy URL";
962 $PROXY = [$2, $3 || 3128, $1]
963 } else {
964 undef $PROXY;
965 }
511} 966}
512 967
513# initialise proxy from environment 968# initialise proxy from environment
969eval {
514set_proxy $ENV{http_proxy}; 970 set_proxy $ENV{http_proxy};
971};
972
973=head2 SOCKS PROXIES
974
975Socks proxies are not directly supported by AnyEvent::HTTP. You can
976compile your perl to support socks, or use an external program such as
977F<socksify> (dante) or F<tsocks> to make your program use a socks proxy
978transparently.
979
980Alternatively, for AnyEvent::HTTP only, you can use your own
981C<tcp_connect> function that does the proxy handshake - here is an example
982that works with socks4a proxies:
983
984 use Errno;
985 use AnyEvent::Util;
986 use AnyEvent::Socket;
987 use AnyEvent::Handle;
988
989 # host, port and username of/for your socks4a proxy
990 my $socks_host = "10.0.0.23";
991 my $socks_port = 9050;
992 my $socks_user = "";
993
994 sub socks4a_connect {
995 my ($host, $port, $connect_cb, $prepare_cb) = @_;
996
997 my $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
998 connect => [$socks_host, $socks_port],
999 on_prepare => sub { $prepare_cb->($_[0]{fh}) },
1000 on_error => sub { $connect_cb->() },
1001 ;
1002
1003 $hdl->push_write (pack "CCnNZ*Z*", 4, 1, $port, 1, $socks_user, $host);
1004
1005 $hdl->push_read (chunk => 8, sub {
1006 my ($hdl, $chunk) = @_;
1007 my ($status, $port, $ipn) = unpack "xCna4", $chunk;
1008
1009 if ($status == 0x5a) {
1010 $connect_cb->($hdl->{fh}, (format_address $ipn) . ":$port");
1011 } else {
1012 $! = Errno::ENXIO; $connect_cb->();
1013 }
1014 });
1015
1016 $hdl
1017 }
1018
1019Use C<socks4a_connect> instead of C<tcp_connect> when doing C<http_request>s,
1020possibly after switching off other proxy types:
1021
1022 AnyEvent::HTTP::set_proxy undef; # usually you do not want other proxies
1023
1024 http_get 'http://www.google.com', tcp_connect => \&socks4a_connect, sub {
1025 my ($data, $headers) = @_;
1026 ...
1027 };
515 1028
516=head1 SEE ALSO 1029=head1 SEE ALSO
517 1030
518L<AnyEvent>. 1031L<AnyEvent>.
519 1032
520=head1 AUTHOR 1033=head1 AUTHOR
521 1034
522 Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> 1035 Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
523 http://home.schmorp.de/ 1036 http://home.schmorp.de/
1037
1038With many thanks to Дмитрий Шалашов, who provided countless
1039testcases and bugreports.
524 1040
525=cut 1041=cut
526 1042
5271 10431
528 1044

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