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=head1 NAME |
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|
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AnyEvent::HTTP - simple but non-blocking HTTP/HTTPS client |
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|
| 5 |
=head1 SYNOPSIS |
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|
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use AnyEvent::HTTP; |
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|
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=head1 DESCRIPTION |
| 10 |
|
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This module is an L<AnyEvent> user, you need to make sure that you use and |
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run a supported event loop. |
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|
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=head2 METHODS |
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|
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=over 4 |
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|
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=cut |
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|
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package AnyEvent::HTTP; |
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|
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use strict; |
| 23 |
no warnings; |
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|
| 25 |
use Carp; |
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|
| 27 |
use AnyEvent (); |
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use AnyEvent::Util (); |
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use AnyEvent::Socket (); |
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use AnyEvent::Handle (); |
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|
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use base Exporter::; |
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|
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our $VERSION = '1.0'; |
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|
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our @EXPORT = qw(http_get http_request); |
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|
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our $USERAGENT = "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; AnyEvent::HTTP/$VERSION; +http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/AnyEvent)"; |
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our $MAX_RECURSE = 10; |
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our $MAX_PERSISTENT = 8; |
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our $PERSISTENT_TIMEOUT = 2; |
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our $TIMEOUT = 300; |
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|
| 44 |
# changing these is evil |
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our $MAX_PERSISTENT_PER_HOST = 2; |
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our $MAX_PER_HOST = 4; # not respected yet :( |
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|
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our $PROXY; |
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|
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my %KA_COUNT; # number of open keep-alive connections per host |
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|
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=item http_get $url, key => value..., $cb->($data, $headers) |
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|
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Executes an HTTP-GET request. See the http_request function for details on |
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additional parameters. |
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|
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=item http_head $url, key => value..., $cb->($data, $headers) |
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|
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Executes an HTTP-HEAD request. See the http_request function for details on |
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additional parameters. |
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|
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=item http_post $url, $body, key => value..., $cb->($data, $headers) |
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|
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Executes an HTTP-POST request with a request body of C<$bod>. See the |
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http_request function for details on additional parameters. |
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|
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=item http_request $method => $url, key => value..., $cb->($data, $headers) |
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|
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Executes a HTTP request of type C<$method> (e.g. C<GET>, C<POST>). The URL |
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must be an absolute http or https URL. |
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|
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The callback will be called with the response data as first argument |
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(or C<undef> if it wasn't available due to errors), and a hash-ref with |
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response headers as second argument. |
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|
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All the headers in that hash are lowercased. In addition to the response |
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headers, the three "pseudo-headers" C<HTTPVersion>, C<Status> and |
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C<Reason> contain the three parts of the HTTP Status-Line of the same |
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name. If the server sends a header multiple lines, then their contents |
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will be joined together with C<\x00>. |
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|
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If an internal error occurs, such as not being able to resolve a hostname, |
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then C<$data> will be C<undef>, C<< $headers->{Status} >> will be C<599> |
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and the C<Reason> pseudo-header will contain an error message. |
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|
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A typical callback might look like this: |
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|
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sub { |
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my ($body, $hdr) = @_; |
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|
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if ($hdr->{Status} =~ /^2/) { |
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... everything should be ok |
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} else { |
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print "error, $hdr->{Status} $hdr->{Reason}\n"; |
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} |
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} |
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|
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Additional parameters are key-value pairs, and are fully optional. They |
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include: |
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|
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=over 4 |
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|
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=item recurse => $count (default: $MAX_RECURSE) |
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|
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Whether to recurse requests or not, e.g. on redirects, authentication |
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retries and so on, and how often to do so. |
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|
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=item headers => hashref |
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|
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The request headers to use. |
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|
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=item timeout => $seconds |
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|
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The time-out to use for various stages - each connect attempt will reset |
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the timeout, as will read or write activity. Default timeout is 5 minutes. |
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|
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=item proxy => [$host, $port[, $scheme]] or undef |
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|
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Use the given http proxy for all requests. If not specified, then the |
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default proxy (as specified by C<$ENV{http_proxy}>) is used. |
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|
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C<$scheme> must be either missing or C<http> for HTTP, or C<https> for |
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HTTPS. |
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|
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=item body => $string |
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|
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The request body, usually empty. Will be-sent as-is (future versions of |
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this module might offer more options). |
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|
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=item cookie_jar => $hash_ref |
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|
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Passing this parameter enables (simplified) cookie-processing, loosely |
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based on the original netscape specification. |
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|
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The C<$hash_ref> must be an (initially empty) hash reference which will |
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get updated automatically. It is possible to save the cookie_jar to |
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persistent storage with something like JSON or Storable, but this is not |
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recommended, as expire times are currently being ignored. |
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|
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Note that this cookie implementation is not of very high quality, nor |
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meant to be complete. If you want complete cookie management you have to |
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do that on your own. C<cookie_jar> is meant as a quick fix to get some |
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cookie-using sites working. Cookies are a privacy disaster, do not use |
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them unless required to. |
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|
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=back |
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|
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Example: make a simple HTTP GET request for http://www.nethype.de/ |
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|
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http_request GET => "http://www.nethype.de/", sub { |
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my ($body, $hdr) = @_; |
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print "$body\n"; |
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}; |
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|
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Example: make a HTTP HEAD request on https://www.google.com/, use a |
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timeout of 30 seconds. |
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|
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http_request |
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GET => "https://www.google.com", |
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timeout => 30, |
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sub { |
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my ($body, $hdr) = @_; |
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use Data::Dumper; |
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print Dumper $hdr; |
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} |
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; |
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|
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=cut |
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|
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sub http_request($$$;@) { |
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my $cb = pop; |
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my ($method, $url, %arg) = @_; |
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|
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my %hdr; |
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|
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$method = uc $method; |
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|
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if (my $hdr = $arg{headers}) { |
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while (my ($k, $v) = each %$hdr) { |
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$hdr{lc $k} = $v; |
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} |
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} |
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|
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my $recurse = exists $arg{recurse} ? $arg{recurse} : $MAX_RECURSE; |
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|
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return $cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "recursion limit reached" }) |
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if $recurse < 0; |
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|
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my $proxy = $arg{proxy} || $PROXY; |
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my $timeout = $arg{timeout} || $TIMEOUT; |
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|
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$hdr{"user-agent"} ||= $USERAGENT; |
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|
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my ($scheme, $authority, $upath, $query, $fragment) = |
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$url =~ m|(?:([^:/?#]+):)?(?://([^/?#]*))?([^?#]*)(?:\?([^#]*))?(?:#(.*))?|; |
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|
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$scheme = lc $scheme; |
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|
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my $uport = $scheme eq "http" ? 80 |
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: $scheme eq "https" ? 443 |
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: return $cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "only http and https URL schemes supported" }); |
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|
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$authority =~ /^(?: .*\@ )? ([^\@:]+) (?: : (\d+) )?$/x |
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or return $cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "unparsable URL" }); |
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|
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my $uhost = $1; |
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$uport = $2 if defined $2; |
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|
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$uhost =~ s/^\[(.*)\]$/$1/; |
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$upath .= "?$query" if length $query; |
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|
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$upath =~ s%^/?%/%; |
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|
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# cookie processing |
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if (my $jar = $arg{cookie_jar}) { |
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%$jar = () if $jar->{version} < 1; |
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|
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my @cookie; |
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|
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while (my ($chost, $v) = each %$jar) { |
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next unless $chost eq substr $uhost, -length $chost; |
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next unless $chost =~ /^\./; |
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|
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while (my ($cpath, $v) = each %$v) { |
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next unless $cpath eq substr $upath, 0, length $cpath; |
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|
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while (my ($k, $v) = each %$v) { |
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next if $scheme ne "https" && exists $v->{secure}; |
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push @cookie, "$k=$v->{value}"; |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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|
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$hdr{cookie} = join "; ", @cookie |
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if @cookie; |
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} |
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|
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my ($rhost, $rport, $rpath); # request host, port, path |
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|
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if ($proxy) { |
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($rhost, $rport, $scheme) = @$proxy; |
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$rpath = $url; |
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} else { |
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($rhost, $rport, $rpath) = ($uhost, $uport, $upath); |
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$hdr{host} = $uhost; |
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} |
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|
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$hdr{"content-length"} = length $arg{body}; |
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|
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my %state; |
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|
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$state{connect_guard} = AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect $rhost, $rport, sub { |
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$state{fh} = shift |
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or return $cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "$!" }); |
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|
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delete $state{connect_guard}; # reduce memory usage, save a tree |
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|
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# get handle |
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$state{handle} = new AnyEvent::Handle |
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fh => $state{fh}, |
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($scheme eq "https" ? (tls => "connect") : ()); |
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|
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# limit the number of persistent connections |
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if ($KA_COUNT{$_[1]} < $MAX_PERSISTENT_PER_HOST) { |
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++$KA_COUNT{$_[1]}; |
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$state{handle}{ka_count_guard} = AnyEvent::Util::guard { --$KA_COUNT{$_[1]} }; |
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$hdr{connection} = "keep-alive"; |
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delete $hdr{connection}; # keep-alive not yet supported |
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} else { |
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delete $hdr{connection}; |
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} |
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|
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# (re-)configure handle |
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$state{handle}->timeout ($timeout); |
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$state{handle}->on_error (sub { |
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%state = (); |
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$cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "$!" }); |
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}); |
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$state{handle}->on_eof (sub { |
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%state = (); |
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$cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "unexpected end-of-file" }); |
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}); |
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|
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# send request |
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$state{handle}->push_write ( |
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"$method $rpath HTTP/1.0\015\012" |
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. (join "", map "$_: $hdr{$_}\015\012", keys %hdr) |
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. "\015\012" |
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. (delete $arg{body}) |
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); |
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|
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%hdr = (); # reduce memory usage, save a kitten |
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|
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# status line |
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$state{handle}->push_read (line => qr/\015?\012/, sub { |
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$_[1] =~ /^HTTP\/([0-9\.]+) \s+ ([0-9]{3}) \s+ ([^\015\012]+)/ix |
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or return (%state = (), $cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "invalid server response ($_[1])" })); |
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|
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my %hdr = ( # response headers |
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HTTPVersion => "\x00$1", |
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Status => "\x00$2", |
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Reason => "\x00$3", |
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); |
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|
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# headers, could be optimized a bit |
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$state{handle}->unshift_read (line => qr/\015?\012\015?\012/, sub { |
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for ("$_[1]\012") { |
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# we support spaces in field names, as lotus domino |
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# creates them. |
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$hdr{lc $1} .= "\x00$2" |
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while /\G |
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([^:\000-\037]+): |
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[\011\040]* |
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((?: [^\015\012]+ | \015?\012[\011\040] )*) |
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\015?\012 |
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/gxc; |
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|
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/\G$/ |
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or return (%state = (), $cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "garbled response headers" })); |
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} |
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|
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substr $_, 0, 1, "" |
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for values %hdr; |
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|
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my $finish = sub { |
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%state = (); |
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|
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# set-cookie processing |
| 329 |
if ($arg{cookie_jar} && exists $hdr{"set-cookie"}) { |
| 330 |
for (split /\x00/, $hdr{"set-cookie"}) { |
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my ($cookie, @arg) = split /;\s*/; |
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my ($name, $value) = split /=/, $cookie, 2; |
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my %kv = (value => $value, map { split /=/, $_, 2 } @arg); |
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|
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my $cdom = (delete $kv{domain}) || $uhost; |
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my $cpath = (delete $kv{path}) || "/"; |
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|
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$cdom =~ s/^.?/./; # make sure it starts with a "." |
| 339 |
|
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my $ndots = $cdom =~ y/.//; |
| 341 |
next if $ndots < ($cdom =~ /[^.]{3}$/ ? 2 : 3); |
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|
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# store it |
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$arg{cookie_jar}{version} = 1; |
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$arg{cookie_jar}{$cdom}{$cpath}{$name} = \%kv; |
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} |
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} |
| 348 |
|
| 349 |
if ($_[1]{Status} =~ /^x30[12]$/ && $recurse) { |
| 350 |
# microsoft and other assholes don't give a shit for following standards, |
| 351 |
# try to support a common form of broken Location header. |
| 352 |
$_[1]{location} =~ s%^/%$scheme://$uhost:$uport/%; |
| 353 |
|
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http_request ($method, $_[1]{location}, %arg, recurse => $recurse - 1, $cb); |
| 355 |
} else { |
| 356 |
$cb->($_[0], $_[1]); |
| 357 |
} |
| 358 |
}; |
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|
| 360 |
if ($hdr{Status} =~ /^(?:1..|204|304)$/ or $method eq "HEAD") { |
| 361 |
$finish->(undef, \%hdr); |
| 362 |
} else { |
| 363 |
if (exists $hdr{"content-length"}) { |
| 364 |
$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $hdr{"content-length"}, sub { |
| 365 |
# could cache persistent connection now |
| 366 |
if ($hdr{connection} =~ /\bkeep-alive\b/i) { |
| 367 |
# but we don't, due to misdesigns, this is annoyingly complex |
| 368 |
}; |
| 369 |
|
| 370 |
$finish->($_[1], \%hdr); |
| 371 |
}); |
| 372 |
} else { |
| 373 |
# too bad, need to read until we get an error or EOF, |
| 374 |
# no way to detect winged data. |
| 375 |
$_[0]->on_error (sub { |
| 376 |
$finish->($_[0]{rbuf}, \%hdr); |
| 377 |
}); |
| 378 |
$_[0]->on_eof (undef); |
| 379 |
$_[0]->on_read (sub { }); |
| 380 |
} |
| 381 |
} |
| 382 |
}); |
| 383 |
}); |
| 384 |
}, sub { |
| 385 |
$timeout |
| 386 |
}; |
| 387 |
|
| 388 |
defined wantarray && AnyEvent::Util::guard { %state = () } |
| 389 |
} |
| 390 |
|
| 391 |
sub http_get($$;@) { |
| 392 |
unshift @_, "GET"; |
| 393 |
&http_request |
| 394 |
} |
| 395 |
|
| 396 |
sub http_head($$;@) { |
| 397 |
unshift @_, "HEAD"; |
| 398 |
&http_request |
| 399 |
} |
| 400 |
|
| 401 |
sub http_post($$$;@) { |
| 402 |
unshift @_, "POST", "body"; |
| 403 |
&http_request |
| 404 |
} |
| 405 |
|
| 406 |
=back |
| 407 |
|
| 408 |
=head2 GLOBAL FUNCTIONS AND VARIABLES |
| 409 |
|
| 410 |
=over 4 |
| 411 |
|
| 412 |
=item AnyEvent::HTTP::set_proxy "proxy-url" |
| 413 |
|
| 414 |
Sets the default proxy server to use. The proxy-url must begin with a |
| 415 |
string of the form C<http://host:port> (optionally C<https:...>). |
| 416 |
|
| 417 |
=item $AnyEvent::HTTP::MAX_RECURSE |
| 418 |
|
| 419 |
The default value for the C<recurse> request parameter (default: C<10>). |
| 420 |
|
| 421 |
=item $AnyEvent::HTTP::USERAGENT |
| 422 |
|
| 423 |
The default value for the C<User-Agent> header (the default is |
| 424 |
C<Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; AnyEvent::HTTP/$VERSION; +http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/AnyEvent)>). |
| 425 |
|
| 426 |
=item $AnyEvent::HTTP::MAX_PERSISTENT |
| 427 |
|
| 428 |
The maximum number of persistent connections to keep open (default: 8). |
| 429 |
|
| 430 |
Not implemented currently. |
| 431 |
|
| 432 |
=item $AnyEvent::HTTP::PERSISTENT_TIMEOUT |
| 433 |
|
| 434 |
The maximum time to cache a persistent connection, in seconds (default: 2). |
| 435 |
|
| 436 |
Not implemented currently. |
| 437 |
|
| 438 |
=back |
| 439 |
|
| 440 |
=cut |
| 441 |
|
| 442 |
sub set_proxy($) { |
| 443 |
$PROXY = [$2, $3 || 3128, $1] if $_[0] =~ m%^(https?):// ([^:/]+) (?: : (\d*) )?%ix; |
| 444 |
} |
| 445 |
|
| 446 |
# initialise proxy from environment |
| 447 |
set_proxy $ENV{http_proxy}; |
| 448 |
|
| 449 |
=head1 SEE ALSO |
| 450 |
|
| 451 |
L<AnyEvent>. |
| 452 |
|
| 453 |
=head1 AUTHOR |
| 454 |
|
| 455 |
Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
| 456 |
http://home.schmorp.de/ |
| 457 |
|
| 458 |
=cut |
| 459 |
|
| 460 |
1 |
| 461 |
|
