1 |
=head1 NAME |
2 |
|
3 |
AnyEvent::HTTP - simple but non-blocking HTTP/HTTPS client |
4 |
|
5 |
=head1 SYNOPSIS |
6 |
|
7 |
use AnyEvent::HTTP; |
8 |
|
9 |
http_get "http://www.nethype.de/", sub { print $_[1] }; |
10 |
|
11 |
# ... do something else here |
12 |
|
13 |
=head1 DESCRIPTION |
14 |
|
15 |
This module is an L<AnyEvent> user, you need to make sure that you use and |
16 |
run a supported event loop. |
17 |
|
18 |
This module implements a simple, stateless and non-blocking HTTP |
19 |
client. It supports GET, POST and other request methods, cookies and more, |
20 |
all on a very low level. It can follow redirects supports proxies and |
21 |
automatically limits the number of connections to the values specified in |
22 |
the RFC. |
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|
24 |
It should generally be a "good client" that is enough for most HTTP |
25 |
tasks. Simple tasks should be simple, but complex tasks should still be |
26 |
possible as the user retains control over request and response headers. |
27 |
|
28 |
The caller is responsible for authentication management, cookies (if |
29 |
the simplistic implementation in this module doesn't suffice), referer |
30 |
and other high-level protocol details for which this module offers only |
31 |
limited support. |
32 |
|
33 |
=head2 METHODS |
34 |
|
35 |
=over 4 |
36 |
|
37 |
=cut |
38 |
|
39 |
package AnyEvent::HTTP; |
40 |
|
41 |
use strict; |
42 |
no warnings; |
43 |
|
44 |
use Carp; |
45 |
|
46 |
use AnyEvent (); |
47 |
use AnyEvent::Util (); |
48 |
use AnyEvent::Socket (); |
49 |
use AnyEvent::Handle (); |
50 |
|
51 |
use base Exporter::; |
52 |
|
53 |
our $VERSION = '1.05'; |
54 |
|
55 |
our @EXPORT = qw(http_get http_post http_head http_request); |
56 |
|
57 |
our $USERAGENT = "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; AnyEvent::HTTP/$VERSION; +http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/AnyEvent)"; |
58 |
our $MAX_RECURSE = 10; |
59 |
our $MAX_PERSISTENT = 8; |
60 |
our $PERSISTENT_TIMEOUT = 2; |
61 |
our $TIMEOUT = 300; |
62 |
|
63 |
# changing these is evil |
64 |
our $MAX_PERSISTENT_PER_HOST = 2; |
65 |
our $MAX_PER_HOST = 4; |
66 |
|
67 |
our $PROXY; |
68 |
our $ACTIVE = 0; |
69 |
|
70 |
my %KA_COUNT; # number of open keep-alive connections per host |
71 |
my %CO_SLOT; # number of open connections, and wait queue, per host |
72 |
|
73 |
=item http_get $url, key => value..., $cb->($data, $headers) |
74 |
|
75 |
Executes an HTTP-GET request. See the http_request function for details on |
76 |
additional parameters. |
77 |
|
78 |
=item http_head $url, key => value..., $cb->($data, $headers) |
79 |
|
80 |
Executes an HTTP-HEAD request. See the http_request function for details on |
81 |
additional parameters. |
82 |
|
83 |
=item http_post $url, $body, key => value..., $cb->($data, $headers) |
84 |
|
85 |
Executes an HTTP-POST request with a request body of C<$body>. See the |
86 |
http_request function for details on additional parameters. |
87 |
|
88 |
=item http_request $method => $url, key => value..., $cb->($data, $headers) |
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|
90 |
Executes a HTTP request of type C<$method> (e.g. C<GET>, C<POST>). The URL |
91 |
must be an absolute http or https URL. |
92 |
|
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The callback will be called with the response data as first argument |
94 |
(or C<undef> if it wasn't available due to errors), and a hash-ref with |
95 |
response headers as second argument. |
96 |
|
97 |
All the headers in that hash are lowercased. In addition to the response |
98 |
headers, the "pseudo-headers" C<HTTPVersion>, C<Status> and C<Reason> |
99 |
contain the three parts of the HTTP Status-Line of the same name. The |
100 |
pseudo-header C<URL> contains the original URL (which can differ from the |
101 |
requested URL when following redirects). |
102 |
|
103 |
If the server sends a header multiple lines, then their contents will be |
104 |
joined together with C<\x00>. |
105 |
|
106 |
If an internal error occurs, such as not being able to resolve a hostname, |
107 |
then C<$data> will be C<undef>, C<< $headers->{Status} >> will be C<599> |
108 |
and the C<Reason> pseudo-header will contain an error message. |
109 |
|
110 |
A typical callback might look like this: |
111 |
|
112 |
sub { |
113 |
my ($body, $hdr) = @_; |
114 |
|
115 |
if ($hdr->{Status} =~ /^2/) { |
116 |
... everything should be ok |
117 |
} else { |
118 |
print "error, $hdr->{Status} $hdr->{Reason}\n"; |
119 |
} |
120 |
} |
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|
122 |
Additional parameters are key-value pairs, and are fully optional. They |
123 |
include: |
124 |
|
125 |
=over 4 |
126 |
|
127 |
=item recurse => $count (default: $MAX_RECURSE) |
128 |
|
129 |
Whether to recurse requests or not, e.g. on redirects, authentication |
130 |
retries and so on, and how often to do so. |
131 |
|
132 |
=item headers => hashref |
133 |
|
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The request headers to use. Currently, C<http_request> may provide its |
135 |
own C<Host:>, C<Content-Length:>, C<Connection:> and C<Cookie:> headers |
136 |
and will provide defaults for C<User-Agent:> and C<Referer:>. |
137 |
|
138 |
=item timeout => $seconds |
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|
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The time-out to use for various stages - each connect attempt will reset |
141 |
the timeout, as will read or write activity. Default timeout is 5 minutes. |
142 |
|
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=item proxy => [$host, $port[, $scheme]] or undef |
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|
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Use the given http proxy for all requests. If not specified, then the |
146 |
default proxy (as specified by C<$ENV{http_proxy}>) is used. |
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|
148 |
C<$scheme> must be either missing or C<http> for HTTP, or C<https> for |
149 |
HTTPS. |
150 |
|
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=item body => $string |
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|
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The request body, usually empty. Will be-sent as-is (future versions of |
154 |
this module might offer more options). |
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|
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=item cookie_jar => $hash_ref |
157 |
|
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Passing this parameter enables (simplified) cookie-processing, loosely |
159 |
based on the original netscape specification. |
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|
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The C<$hash_ref> must be an (initially empty) hash reference which will |
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get updated automatically. It is possible to save the cookie_jar to |
163 |
persistent storage with something like JSON or Storable, but this is not |
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recommended, as expire times are currently being ignored. |
165 |
|
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Note that this cookie implementation is not of very high quality, nor |
167 |
meant to be complete. If you want complete cookie management you have to |
168 |
do that on your own. C<cookie_jar> is meant as a quick fix to get some |
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cookie-using sites working. Cookies are a privacy disaster, do not use |
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them unless required to. |
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|
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=back |
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|
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Example: make a simple HTTP GET request for http://www.nethype.de/ |
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|
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http_request GET => "http://www.nethype.de/", sub { |
177 |
my ($body, $hdr) = @_; |
178 |
print "$body\n"; |
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}; |
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|
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Example: make a HTTP HEAD request on https://www.google.com/, use a |
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timeout of 30 seconds. |
183 |
|
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http_request |
185 |
GET => "https://www.google.com", |
186 |
timeout => 30, |
187 |
sub { |
188 |
my ($body, $hdr) = @_; |
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use Data::Dumper; |
190 |
print Dumper $hdr; |
191 |
} |
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; |
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|
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=cut |
195 |
|
196 |
sub _slot_schedule; |
197 |
sub _slot_schedule($) { |
198 |
my $host = shift; |
199 |
|
200 |
while ($CO_SLOT{$host}[0] < $MAX_PER_HOST) { |
201 |
if (my $cb = shift @{ $CO_SLOT{$host}[1] }) { |
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# somebody wants that slot |
203 |
++$CO_SLOT{$host}[0]; |
204 |
++$ACTIVE; |
205 |
|
206 |
$cb->(AnyEvent::Util::guard { |
207 |
--$ACTIVE; |
208 |
--$CO_SLOT{$host}[0]; |
209 |
_slot_schedule $host; |
210 |
}); |
211 |
} else { |
212 |
# nobody wants the slot, maybe we can forget about it |
213 |
delete $CO_SLOT{$host} unless $CO_SLOT{$host}[0]; |
214 |
last; |
215 |
} |
216 |
} |
217 |
} |
218 |
|
219 |
# wait for a free slot on host, call callback |
220 |
sub _get_slot($$) { |
221 |
push @{ $CO_SLOT{$_[0]}[1] }, $_[1]; |
222 |
|
223 |
_slot_schedule $_[0]; |
224 |
} |
225 |
|
226 |
sub http_request($$@) { |
227 |
my $cb = pop; |
228 |
my ($method, $url, %arg) = @_; |
229 |
|
230 |
my %hdr; |
231 |
|
232 |
$method = uc $method; |
233 |
|
234 |
if (my $hdr = $arg{headers}) { |
235 |
while (my ($k, $v) = each %$hdr) { |
236 |
$hdr{lc $k} = $v; |
237 |
} |
238 |
} |
239 |
|
240 |
my $recurse = exists $arg{recurse} ? delete $arg{recurse} : $MAX_RECURSE; |
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|
242 |
return $cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "recursion limit reached", URL => $url }) |
243 |
if $recurse < 0; |
244 |
|
245 |
my $proxy = $arg{proxy} || $PROXY; |
246 |
my $timeout = $arg{timeout} || $TIMEOUT; |
247 |
|
248 |
$hdr{"user-agent"} ||= $USERAGENT; |
249 |
|
250 |
my ($scheme, $authority, $upath, $query, $fragment) = |
251 |
$url =~ m|(?:([^:/?#]+):)?(?://([^/?#]*))?([^?#]*)(?:\?([^#]*))?(?:#(.*))?|; |
252 |
|
253 |
$scheme = lc $scheme; |
254 |
|
255 |
my $uport = $scheme eq "http" ? 80 |
256 |
: $scheme eq "https" ? 443 |
257 |
: return $cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "only http and https URL schemes supported", URL => $url }); |
258 |
|
259 |
$hdr{referer} ||= "$scheme://$authority$upath"; # leave out fragment and query string, just a heuristic |
260 |
|
261 |
$authority =~ /^(?: .*\@ )? ([^\@:]+) (?: : (\d+) )?$/x |
262 |
or return $cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "unparsable URL", URL => $url }); |
263 |
|
264 |
my $uhost = $1; |
265 |
$uport = $2 if defined $2; |
266 |
|
267 |
$uhost =~ s/^\[(.*)\]$/$1/; |
268 |
$upath .= "?$query" if length $query; |
269 |
|
270 |
$upath =~ s%^/?%/%; |
271 |
|
272 |
# cookie processing |
273 |
if (my $jar = $arg{cookie_jar}) { |
274 |
%$jar = () if $jar->{version} < 1; |
275 |
|
276 |
my @cookie; |
277 |
|
278 |
while (my ($chost, $v) = each %$jar) { |
279 |
next unless $chost eq substr $uhost, -length $chost; |
280 |
next unless $chost =~ /^\./; |
281 |
|
282 |
while (my ($cpath, $v) = each %$v) { |
283 |
next unless $cpath eq substr $upath, 0, length $cpath; |
284 |
|
285 |
while (my ($k, $v) = each %$v) { |
286 |
next if $scheme ne "https" && exists $v->{secure}; |
287 |
push @cookie, "$k=$v->{value}"; |
288 |
} |
289 |
} |
290 |
} |
291 |
|
292 |
$hdr{cookie} = join "; ", @cookie |
293 |
if @cookie; |
294 |
} |
295 |
|
296 |
my ($rhost, $rport, $rpath); # request host, port, path |
297 |
|
298 |
if ($proxy) { |
299 |
($rhost, $rport, $scheme) = @$proxy; |
300 |
$rpath = $url; |
301 |
} else { |
302 |
($rhost, $rport, $rpath) = ($uhost, $uport, $upath); |
303 |
$hdr{host} = $uhost; |
304 |
} |
305 |
|
306 |
$hdr{"content-length"} = length $arg{body}; |
307 |
|
308 |
my %state = (connect_guard => 1); |
309 |
|
310 |
_get_slot $uhost, sub { |
311 |
$state{slot_guard} = shift; |
312 |
|
313 |
return unless $state{connect_guard}; |
314 |
|
315 |
$state{connect_guard} = AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect $rhost, $rport, sub { |
316 |
$state{fh} = shift |
317 |
or return $cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "$!", URL => $url }); |
318 |
|
319 |
delete $state{connect_guard}; # reduce memory usage, save a tree |
320 |
|
321 |
# get handle |
322 |
$state{handle} = new AnyEvent::Handle |
323 |
fh => $state{fh}, |
324 |
($scheme eq "https" ? (tls => "connect") : ()); |
325 |
|
326 |
# limit the number of persistent connections |
327 |
if ($KA_COUNT{$_[1]} < $MAX_PERSISTENT_PER_HOST) { |
328 |
++$KA_COUNT{$_[1]}; |
329 |
$state{handle}{ka_count_guard} = AnyEvent::Util::guard { --$KA_COUNT{$_[1]} }; |
330 |
$hdr{connection} = "keep-alive"; |
331 |
delete $hdr{connection}; # keep-alive not yet supported |
332 |
} else { |
333 |
delete $hdr{connection}; |
334 |
} |
335 |
|
336 |
# (re-)configure handle |
337 |
$state{handle}->timeout ($timeout); |
338 |
$state{handle}->on_error (sub { |
339 |
my $errno = "$!"; |
340 |
%state = (); |
341 |
$cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => $errno, URL => $url }); |
342 |
}); |
343 |
$state{handle}->on_eof (sub { |
344 |
%state = (); |
345 |
$cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "unexpected end-of-file", URL => $url }); |
346 |
}); |
347 |
|
348 |
# send request |
349 |
$state{handle}->push_write ( |
350 |
"$method $rpath HTTP/1.0\015\012" |
351 |
. (join "", map "$_: $hdr{$_}\015\012", keys %hdr) |
352 |
. "\015\012" |
353 |
. (delete $arg{body}) |
354 |
); |
355 |
|
356 |
%hdr = (); # reduce memory usage, save a kitten |
357 |
|
358 |
# status line |
359 |
$state{handle}->push_read (line => qr/\015?\012/, sub { |
360 |
$_[1] =~ /^HTTP\/([0-9\.]+) \s+ ([0-9]{3}) (?: \s+ ([^\015\012]*) )?/ix |
361 |
or return (%state = (), $cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "invalid server response ($_[1])", URL => $url })); |
362 |
|
363 |
my %hdr = ( # response headers |
364 |
HTTPVersion => "\x00$1", |
365 |
Status => "\x00$2", |
366 |
Reason => "\x00$3", |
367 |
URL => "\x00$url" |
368 |
); |
369 |
|
370 |
# headers, could be optimized a bit |
371 |
$state{handle}->unshift_read (line => qr/\015?\012\015?\012/, sub { |
372 |
for ("$_[1]\012") { |
373 |
# we support spaces in field names, as lotus domino |
374 |
# creates them. |
375 |
$hdr{lc $1} .= "\x00$2" |
376 |
while /\G |
377 |
([^:\000-\037]+): |
378 |
[\011\040]* |
379 |
((?: [^\015\012]+ | \015?\012[\011\040] )*) |
380 |
\015?\012 |
381 |
/gxc; |
382 |
|
383 |
/\G$/ |
384 |
or return (%state = (), $cb->(undef, { Status => 599, Reason => "garbled response headers", URL => $url })); |
385 |
} |
386 |
|
387 |
substr $_, 0, 1, "" |
388 |
for values %hdr; |
389 |
|
390 |
my $finish = sub { |
391 |
%state = (); |
392 |
|
393 |
# set-cookie processing |
394 |
if ($arg{cookie_jar} && exists $hdr{"set-cookie"}) { |
395 |
for (split /\x00/, $hdr{"set-cookie"}) { |
396 |
my ($cookie, @arg) = split /;\s*/; |
397 |
my ($name, $value) = split /=/, $cookie, 2; |
398 |
my %kv = (value => $value, map { split /=/, $_, 2 } @arg); |
399 |
|
400 |
my $cdom = (delete $kv{domain}) || $uhost; |
401 |
my $cpath = (delete $kv{path}) || "/"; |
402 |
|
403 |
$cdom =~ s/^\.?/./; # make sure it starts with a "." |
404 |
|
405 |
next if $cdom =~ /\.$/; |
406 |
|
407 |
# this is not rfc-like and not netscape-like. go figure. |
408 |
my $ndots = $cdom =~ y/.//; |
409 |
next if $ndots < ($cdom =~ /\.[^.][^.]\.[^.][^.]$/ ? 3 : 2); |
410 |
|
411 |
# store it |
412 |
$arg{cookie_jar}{version} = 1; |
413 |
$arg{cookie_jar}{$cdom}{$cpath}{$name} = \%kv; |
414 |
} |
415 |
} |
416 |
|
417 |
# microsoft and other shitheads don't give a shit for following standards, |
418 |
# try to support some common forms of broken Location headers. |
419 |
if ($_[1]{location} !~ /^(?: $ | [^:\/?\#]+ : )/x) { |
420 |
$_[1]{location} =~ s/^\.\/+//; |
421 |
|
422 |
my $url = "$scheme://$uhost:$uport"; |
423 |
|
424 |
unless ($_[1]{location} =~ s/^\///) { |
425 |
$url .= $upath; |
426 |
$url =~ s/\/[^\/]*$//; |
427 |
} |
428 |
|
429 |
$_[1]{location} = "$url/$_[1]{location}"; |
430 |
} |
431 |
|
432 |
if ($_[1]{Status} =~ /^30[12]$/ && $recurse && $method ne "POST") { |
433 |
# apparently, mozilla et al. just change POST to GET here |
434 |
# more research is needed before we do the same |
435 |
http_request ($method, $_[1]{location}, %arg, recurse => $recurse - 1, $cb); |
436 |
} elsif ($_[1]{Status} == 303 && $recurse) { |
437 |
# even http/1.1 is unlear on how to mutate the method |
438 |
$method = "GET" unless $method eq "HEAD"; |
439 |
http_request ($method => $_[1]{location}, %arg, recurse => $recurse - 1, $cb); |
440 |
} elsif ($_[1]{Status} == 307 && $recurse && $method =~ /^(?:GET|HEAD)$/) { |
441 |
http_request ($method => $_[1]{location}, %arg, recurse => $recurse - 1, $cb); |
442 |
} else { |
443 |
$cb->($_[0], $_[1]); |
444 |
} |
445 |
}; |
446 |
|
447 |
if ($hdr{Status} =~ /^(?:1..|204|304)$/ or $method eq "HEAD") { |
448 |
$finish->(undef, \%hdr); |
449 |
} else { |
450 |
if (exists $hdr{"content-length"}) { |
451 |
$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $hdr{"content-length"}, sub { |
452 |
# could cache persistent connection now |
453 |
if ($hdr{connection} =~ /\bkeep-alive\b/i) { |
454 |
# but we don't, due to misdesigns, this is annoyingly complex |
455 |
}; |
456 |
|
457 |
$finish->($_[1], \%hdr); |
458 |
}); |
459 |
} else { |
460 |
# too bad, need to read until we get an error or EOF, |
461 |
# no way to detect winged data. |
462 |
$_[0]->on_error (sub { |
463 |
$finish->($_[0]{rbuf}, \%hdr); |
464 |
}); |
465 |
$_[0]->on_eof (undef); |
466 |
$_[0]->on_read (sub { }); |
467 |
} |
468 |
} |
469 |
}); |
470 |
}); |
471 |
}, sub { |
472 |
$timeout |
473 |
}; |
474 |
}; |
475 |
|
476 |
defined wantarray && AnyEvent::Util::guard { %state = () } |
477 |
} |
478 |
|
479 |
sub http_get($@) { |
480 |
unshift @_, "GET"; |
481 |
&http_request |
482 |
} |
483 |
|
484 |
sub http_head($@) { |
485 |
unshift @_, "HEAD"; |
486 |
&http_request |
487 |
} |
488 |
|
489 |
sub http_post($$@) { |
490 |
my $url = shift; |
491 |
unshift @_, "POST", $url, "body"; |
492 |
&http_request |
493 |
} |
494 |
|
495 |
=back |
496 |
|
497 |
=head2 GLOBAL FUNCTIONS AND VARIABLES |
498 |
|
499 |
=over 4 |
500 |
|
501 |
=item AnyEvent::HTTP::set_proxy "proxy-url" |
502 |
|
503 |
Sets the default proxy server to use. The proxy-url must begin with a |
504 |
string of the form C<http://host:port> (optionally C<https:...>). |
505 |
|
506 |
=item $AnyEvent::HTTP::MAX_RECURSE |
507 |
|
508 |
The default value for the C<recurse> request parameter (default: C<10>). |
509 |
|
510 |
=item $AnyEvent::HTTP::USERAGENT |
511 |
|
512 |
The default value for the C<User-Agent> header (the default is |
513 |
C<Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; AnyEvent::HTTP/$VERSION; +http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/AnyEvent)>). |
514 |
|
515 |
=item $AnyEvent::HTTP::MAX_PERSISTENT |
516 |
|
517 |
The maximum number of persistent connections to keep open (default: 8). |
518 |
|
519 |
Not implemented currently. |
520 |
|
521 |
=item $AnyEvent::HTTP::PERSISTENT_TIMEOUT |
522 |
|
523 |
The maximum time to cache a persistent connection, in seconds (default: 2). |
524 |
|
525 |
Not implemented currently. |
526 |
|
527 |
=item $AnyEvent::HTTP::ACTIVE |
528 |
|
529 |
The number of active connections. This is not the number of currently |
530 |
running requests, but the number of currently open and non-idle TCP |
531 |
connections. This number of can be useful for load-leveling. |
532 |
|
533 |
=back |
534 |
|
535 |
=cut |
536 |
|
537 |
sub set_proxy($) { |
538 |
$PROXY = [$2, $3 || 3128, $1] if $_[0] =~ m%^(https?):// ([^:/]+) (?: : (\d*) )?%ix; |
539 |
} |
540 |
|
541 |
# initialise proxy from environment |
542 |
set_proxy $ENV{http_proxy}; |
543 |
|
544 |
=head1 SEE ALSO |
545 |
|
546 |
L<AnyEvent>. |
547 |
|
548 |
=head1 AUTHOR |
549 |
|
550 |
Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
551 |
http://home.schmorp.de/ |
552 |
|
553 |
=cut |
554 |
|
555 |
1 |
556 |
|