… | |
… | |
4 | |
4 | |
5 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
5 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
6 | |
6 | |
7 | use AnyEvent::MP; |
7 | use AnyEvent::MP; |
8 | |
8 | |
9 | NODE # returns this node identifier |
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10 | $NODE # contains this node identifier |
9 | $NODE # contains this node's noderef |
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10 | NODE # returns this node's noderef |
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11 | NODE $port # returns the noderef of the port |
11 | |
12 | |
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13 | $SELF # receiving/own port id in rcv callbacks |
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14 | |
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15 | # initialise the node so it can send/receive messages |
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16 | initialise_node; # -OR- |
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17 | initialise_node "localhost:4040"; # -OR- |
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18 | initialise_node "slave/", "localhost:4040" |
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19 | |
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20 | # ports are message endpoints |
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21 | |
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22 | # sending messages |
12 | snd $port, type => data...; |
23 | snd $port, type => data...; |
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24 | snd $port, @msg; |
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25 | snd @msg_with_first_element_being_a_port; |
13 | |
26 | |
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27 | # creating/using miniports |
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28 | my $miniport = port { my @msg = @_; 0 }; |
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29 | |
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30 | # creating/using full ports |
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31 | my $port = port; |
14 | rcv $port, smartmatch => $cb->($port, @msg); |
32 | rcv $port, smartmatch => $cb->(@msg); |
15 | |
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16 | # examples: |
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17 | rcv $port2, ping => sub { snd $_[0], "pong"; 0 }; |
33 | rcv $port, ping => sub { snd $_[0], "pong"; 0 }; |
18 | rcv $port1, pong => sub { warn "pong received\n" }; |
34 | rcv $port, pong => sub { warn "pong received\n"; 0 }; |
19 | snd $port2, ping => $port1; |
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20 | |
35 | |
21 | # more, smarter, matches (_any_ is exported by this module) |
36 | # more, smarter, matches (_any_ is exported by this module) |
22 | rcv $port, [child_died => $pid] => sub { ... |
37 | rcv $port, [child_died => $pid] => sub { ... |
23 | rcv $port, [_any_, _any_, 3] => sub { .. $_[2] is 3 |
38 | rcv $port, [_any_, _any_, 3] => sub { .. $_[2] is 3 |
24 | |
39 | |
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40 | # create a port on another node |
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41 | my $port = spawn $node, $initfunc, @initdata; |
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42 | |
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43 | # monitoring |
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44 | mon $port, $cb->(@msg) # callback is invoked on death |
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45 | mon $port, $otherport # kill otherport on abnormal death |
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46 | mon $port, $otherport, @msg # send message on death |
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47 | |
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48 | =head1 CURRENT STATUS |
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49 | |
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50 | AnyEvent::MP - stable API, should work |
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51 | AnyEvent::MP::Intro - outdated |
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52 | AnyEvent::MP::Kernel - WIP |
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53 | AnyEvent::MP::Transport - mostly stable |
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54 | |
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55 | stay tuned. |
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56 | |
25 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
57 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
26 | |
58 | |
27 | This module (-family) implements a simple message passing framework. |
59 | This module (-family) implements a simple message passing framework. |
28 | |
60 | |
29 | Despite its simplicity, you can securely message other processes running |
61 | Despite its simplicity, you can securely message other processes running |
30 | on the same or other hosts. |
62 | on the same or other hosts. |
31 | |
63 | |
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64 | For an introduction to this module family, see the L<AnyEvent::MP::Intro> |
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65 | manual page. |
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66 | |
32 | At the moment, this module family is severly brokena nd underdocumented, |
67 | At the moment, this module family is severly broken and underdocumented, |
33 | so do not use. This was uploaded mainly to resreve the CPAN namespace - |
68 | so do not use. This was uploaded mainly to reserve the CPAN namespace - |
34 | stay tuned! |
69 | stay tuned! |
35 | |
70 | |
36 | =head1 CONCEPTS |
71 | =head1 CONCEPTS |
37 | |
72 | |
38 | =over 4 |
73 | =over 4 |
39 | |
74 | |
40 | =item port |
75 | =item port |
41 | |
76 | |
42 | A port is something you can send messages to with the C<snd> function, and |
77 | A port is something you can send messages to (with the C<snd> function). |
43 | you can register C<rcv> handlers with. All C<rcv> handlers will receive |
78 | |
44 | messages they match, messages will not be queued. |
79 | Some ports allow you to register C<rcv> handlers that can match specific |
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80 | messages. All C<rcv> handlers will receive messages they match, messages |
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81 | will not be queued. |
45 | |
82 | |
46 | =item port id - C<noderef#portname> |
83 | =item port id - C<noderef#portname> |
47 | |
84 | |
48 | A port id is always the noderef, a hash-mark (C<#>) as separator, followed |
85 | A port id is normaly the concatenation of a noderef, a hash-mark (C<#>) as |
49 | by a port name (a printable string of unspecified format). |
86 | separator, and a port name (a printable string of unspecified format). An |
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87 | exception is the the node port, whose ID is identical to its node |
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88 | reference. |
50 | |
89 | |
51 | =item node |
90 | =item node |
52 | |
91 | |
53 | A node is a single process containing at least one port - the node |
92 | A node is a single process containing at least one port - the node |
54 | port. You can send messages to node ports to let them create new ports, |
93 | port. You can send messages to node ports to find existing ports or to |
55 | among other things. |
94 | create new ports, among other things. |
56 | |
95 | |
57 | Initially, nodes are either private (single-process only) or hidden |
96 | Nodes are either private (single-process only), slaves (connected to a |
58 | (connected to a master node only). Only when they epxlicitly "become |
97 | master node only) or public nodes (connectable from unrelated nodes). |
59 | public" can you send them messages from unrelated other nodes. |
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60 | |
98 | |
61 | =item noderef - C<host:port,host:port...>, C<id@noderef>, C<id> |
99 | =item noderef - C<host:port,host:port...>, C<id@noderef>, C<id> |
62 | |
100 | |
63 | A noderef is a string that either uniquely identifies a given node (for |
101 | A node reference is a string that either simply identifies the node (for |
64 | private and hidden nodes), or contains a recipe on how to reach a given |
102 | private and slave nodes), or contains a recipe on how to reach a given |
65 | node (for public nodes). |
103 | node (for public nodes). |
66 | |
104 | |
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105 | This recipe is simply a comma-separated list of C<address:port> pairs (for |
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106 | TCP/IP, other protocols might look different). |
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107 | |
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108 | Node references come in two flavours: resolved (containing only numerical |
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109 | addresses) or unresolved (where hostnames are used instead of addresses). |
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110 | |
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111 | Before using an unresolved node reference in a message you first have to |
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112 | resolve it. |
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113 | |
67 | =back |
114 | =back |
68 | |
115 | |
69 | =head1 VARIABLES/FUNCTIONS |
116 | =head1 VARIABLES/FUNCTIONS |
70 | |
117 | |
71 | =over 4 |
118 | =over 4 |
72 | |
119 | |
73 | =cut |
120 | =cut |
74 | |
121 | |
75 | package AnyEvent::MP; |
122 | package AnyEvent::MP; |
76 | |
123 | |
77 | use AnyEvent::MP::Base; |
124 | use AnyEvent::MP::Kernel; |
78 | |
125 | |
79 | use common::sense; |
126 | use common::sense; |
80 | |
127 | |
81 | use Carp (); |
128 | use Carp (); |
82 | |
129 | |
83 | use AE (); |
130 | use AE (); |
84 | |
131 | |
85 | use base "Exporter"; |
132 | use base "Exporter"; |
86 | |
133 | |
87 | our $VERSION = '0.02'; |
134 | our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::MP::Kernel::VERSION; |
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135 | |
88 | our @EXPORT = qw( |
136 | our @EXPORT = qw( |
89 | NODE $NODE $PORT snd rcv _any_ |
137 | NODE $NODE *SELF node_of _any_ |
90 | create_port create_port_on |
138 | resolve_node initialise_node |
91 | become_slave become_public |
139 | snd rcv mon kil reg psub spawn |
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140 | port |
92 | ); |
141 | ); |
93 | |
142 | |
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143 | our $SELF; |
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144 | |
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145 | sub _self_die() { |
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146 | my $msg = $@; |
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147 | $msg =~ s/\n+$// unless ref $msg; |
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148 | kil $SELF, die => $msg; |
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149 | } |
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150 | |
94 | =item NODE / $NODE |
151 | =item $thisnode = NODE / $NODE |
95 | |
152 | |
96 | The C<NODE ()> function and the C<$NODE> variable contain the noderef of |
153 | The C<NODE> function returns, and the C<$NODE> variable contains |
97 | the local node. The value is initialised by a call to C<become_public> or |
154 | the noderef of the local node. The value is initialised by a call |
98 | C<become_slave>, after which all local port identifiers become invalid. |
155 | to C<become_public> or C<become_slave>, after which all local port |
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156 | identifiers become invalid. |
99 | |
157 | |
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158 | =item $noderef = node_of $port |
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159 | |
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160 | Extracts and returns the noderef from a portid or a noderef. |
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161 | |
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162 | =item initialise_node $noderef, $seednode, $seednode... |
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163 | |
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164 | =item initialise_node "slave/", $master, $master... |
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165 | |
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166 | Before a node can talk to other nodes on the network it has to initialise |
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167 | itself - the minimum a node needs to know is it's own name, and optionally |
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168 | it should know the noderefs of some other nodes in the network. |
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169 | |
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170 | This function initialises a node - it must be called exactly once (or |
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171 | never) before calling other AnyEvent::MP functions. |
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172 | |
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173 | All arguments (optionally except for the first) are noderefs, which can be |
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174 | either resolved or unresolved. |
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175 | |
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176 | The first argument will be looked up in the configuration database first |
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177 | (if it is C<undef> then the current nodename will be used instead) to find |
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178 | the relevant configuration profile (see L<aemp>). If none is found then |
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179 | the default configuration is used. The configuration supplies additional |
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180 | seed/master nodes and can override the actual noderef. |
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181 | |
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182 | There are two types of networked nodes, public nodes and slave nodes: |
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183 | |
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184 | =over 4 |
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185 | |
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186 | =item public nodes |
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187 | |
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188 | For public nodes, C<$noderef> (supplied either directly to |
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189 | C<initialise_node> or indirectly via a profile or the nodename) must be a |
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190 | noderef (possibly unresolved, in which case it will be resolved). |
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191 | |
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192 | After resolving, the node will bind itself on all endpoints and try to |
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193 | connect to all additional C<$seednodes> that are specified. Seednodes are |
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194 | optional and can be used to quickly bootstrap the node into an existing |
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195 | network. |
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196 | |
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197 | =item slave nodes |
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198 | |
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199 | When the C<$noderef> (either as given or overriden by the config file) |
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200 | is the special string C<slave/>, then the node will become a slave |
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201 | node. Slave nodes cannot be contacted from outside and will route most of |
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202 | their traffic to the master node that they attach to. |
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203 | |
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204 | At least one additional noderef is required (either by specifying it |
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205 | directly or because it is part of the configuration profile): The node |
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206 | will try to connect to all of them and will become a slave attached to the |
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207 | first node it can successfully connect to. |
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208 | |
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209 | =back |
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210 | |
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211 | This function will block until all nodes have been resolved and, for slave |
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212 | nodes, until it has successfully established a connection to a master |
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213 | server. |
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214 | |
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215 | Example: become a public node listening on the guessed noderef, or the one |
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216 | specified via C<aemp> for the current node. This should be the most common |
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217 | form of invocation for "daemon"-type nodes. |
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218 | |
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219 | initialise_node; |
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220 | |
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221 | Example: become a slave node to any of the the seednodes specified via |
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222 | C<aemp>. This form is often used for commandline clients. |
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223 | |
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224 | initialise_node "slave/"; |
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225 | |
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226 | Example: become a slave node to any of the specified master servers. This |
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227 | form is also often used for commandline clients. |
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228 | |
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229 | initialise_node "slave/", "master1", "192.168.13.17", "mp.example.net"; |
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230 | |
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231 | Example: become a public node, and try to contact some well-known master |
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232 | servers to become part of the network. |
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233 | |
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234 | initialise_node undef, "master1", "master2"; |
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235 | |
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236 | Example: become a public node listening on port C<4041>. |
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237 | |
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238 | initialise_node 4041; |
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239 | |
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240 | Example: become a public node, only visible on localhost port 4044. |
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241 | |
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242 | initialise_node "localhost:4044"; |
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243 | |
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244 | =item $cv = resolve_node $noderef |
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245 | |
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246 | Takes an unresolved node reference that may contain hostnames and |
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247 | abbreviated IDs, resolves all of them and returns a resolved node |
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248 | reference. |
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249 | |
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250 | In addition to C<address:port> pairs allowed in resolved noderefs, the |
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251 | following forms are supported: |
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252 | |
|
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253 | =over 4 |
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254 | |
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255 | =item the empty string |
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256 | |
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257 | An empty-string component gets resolved as if the default port (4040) was |
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258 | specified. |
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259 | |
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260 | =item naked port numbers (e.g. C<1234>) |
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261 | |
|
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262 | These are resolved by prepending the local nodename and a colon, to be |
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263 | further resolved. |
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264 | |
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265 | =item hostnames (e.g. C<localhost:1234>, C<localhost>) |
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266 | |
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267 | These are resolved by using AnyEvent::DNS to resolve them, optionally |
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268 | looking up SRV records for the C<aemp=4040> port, if no port was |
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269 | specified. |
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270 | |
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271 | =back |
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272 | |
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273 | =item $SELF |
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274 | |
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275 | Contains the current port id while executing C<rcv> callbacks or C<psub> |
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276 | blocks. |
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277 | |
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278 | =item SELF, %SELF, @SELF... |
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279 | |
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280 | Due to some quirks in how perl exports variables, it is impossible to |
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281 | just export C<$SELF>, all the symbols called C<SELF> are exported by this |
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282 | module, but only C<$SELF> is currently used. |
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283 | |
100 | =item snd $portid, type => @data |
284 | =item snd $port, type => @data |
101 | |
285 | |
102 | =item snd $portid, @msg |
286 | =item snd $port, @msg |
103 | |
287 | |
104 | Send the given message to the given port ID, which can identify either |
288 | Send the given message to the given port ID, which can identify either |
105 | a local or a remote port, and can be either a string or soemthignt hat |
289 | a local or a remote port, and can be either a string or soemthignt hat |
106 | stringifies a sa port ID (such as a port object :). |
290 | stringifies a sa port ID (such as a port object :). |
107 | |
291 | |
… | |
… | |
117 | JSON is used, then only strings, numbers and arrays and hashes consisting |
301 | JSON is used, then only strings, numbers and arrays and hashes consisting |
118 | of those are allowed (no objects). When Storable is used, then anything |
302 | of those are allowed (no objects). When Storable is used, then anything |
119 | that Storable can serialise and deserialise is allowed, and for the local |
303 | that Storable can serialise and deserialise is allowed, and for the local |
120 | node, anything can be passed. |
304 | node, anything can be passed. |
121 | |
305 | |
122 | =item $local_port = create_port |
306 | =item $local_port = port |
123 | |
307 | |
124 | Create a new local port object. See the next section for allowed methods. |
308 | Create a new local port object that can be used either as a pattern |
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309 | matching port ("full port") or a single-callback port ("miniport"), |
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310 | depending on how C<rcv> callbacks are bound to the object. |
125 | |
311 | |
126 | =cut |
312 | =item $port = port { my @msg = @_; $finished } |
127 | |
313 | |
128 | sub create_port { |
314 | Creates a "miniport", that is, a very lightweight port without any pattern |
129 | my $id = "$AnyEvent::MP::Base::UNIQ." . ++$AnyEvent::MP::Base::ID; |
315 | matching behind it, and returns its ID. Semantically the same as creating |
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316 | a port and calling C<rcv $port, $callback> on it. |
130 | |
317 | |
131 | my $self = bless { |
318 | The block will be called for every message received on the port. When the |
132 | id => "$NODE#$id", |
319 | callback returns a true value its job is considered "done" and the port |
133 | names => [$id], |
320 | will be destroyed. Otherwise it will stay alive. |
134 | }, "AnyEvent::MP::Port"; |
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135 | |
321 | |
136 | $AnyEvent::MP::Base::PORT{$id} = sub { |
322 | The message will be passed as-is, no extra argument (i.e. no port id) will |
137 | unshift @_, $self; |
323 | be passed to the callback. |
138 | |
324 | |
139 | for (@{ $self->{rc0}{$_[1]} }) { |
325 | If you need the local port id in the callback, this works nicely: |
140 | $_ && &{$_->[0]} |
|
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141 | && undef $_; |
|
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142 | } |
|
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143 | |
326 | |
144 | for (@{ $self->{rcv}{$_[1]} }) { |
327 | my $port; $port = port { |
145 | $_ && [@_[1 .. @{$_->[1]}]] ~~ $_->[1] |
328 | snd $otherport, reply => $port; |
146 | && &{$_->[0]} |
|
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147 | && undef $_; |
|
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148 | } |
|
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149 | |
|
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150 | for (@{ $self->{any} }) { |
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151 | $_ && [@_[0 .. $#{$_->[1]}]] ~~ $_->[1] |
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152 | && &{$_->[0]} |
|
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153 | && undef $_; |
|
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154 | } |
|
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155 | }; |
329 | }; |
156 | |
330 | |
157 | $self |
331 | =cut |
|
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332 | |
|
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333 | sub rcv($@); |
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334 | |
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335 | sub port(;&) { |
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336 | my $id = "$UNIQ." . $ID++; |
|
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337 | my $port = "$NODE#$id"; |
|
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338 | |
|
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339 | if (@_) { |
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340 | rcv $port, shift; |
|
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341 | } else { |
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342 | $PORT{$id} = sub { }; # nop |
|
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343 | } |
|
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344 | |
|
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345 | $port |
158 | } |
346 | } |
159 | |
347 | |
160 | =item $portid = create_miniport { } |
348 | =item reg $port, $name |
161 | |
349 | |
162 | Creates a "mini port", that is, a port without much #TODO |
350 | =item reg $name |
163 | |
351 | |
164 | =cut |
352 | Registers the given port (or C<$SELF><<< if missing) under the name |
|
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353 | C<$name>. If the name already exists it is replaced. |
165 | |
354 | |
166 | sub create_miniport(&) { |
355 | A port can only be registered under one well known name. |
167 | my $cb = shift; |
|
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168 | my $id = "$AnyEvent::MP::Base::UNIQ." . ++$AnyEvent::MP::Base::ID; |
|
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169 | |
356 | |
170 | $AnyEvent::MP::Base::PORT{$id} = sub { |
357 | A port automatically becomes unregistered when it is killed. |
171 | &$cb |
|
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172 | and delete $AnyEvent::MP::Base::PORT{$id}; |
|
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173 | }; |
|
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174 | |
358 | |
175 | "$NODE#$id" |
359 | =cut |
|
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360 | |
|
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361 | sub reg(@) { |
|
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362 | my $port = @_ > 1 ? shift : $SELF || Carp::croak 'reg: called with one argument only, but $SELF not set,'; |
|
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363 | |
|
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364 | $REG{$_[0]} = $port; |
176 | } |
365 | } |
177 | |
366 | |
178 | package AnyEvent::MP::Port; |
367 | =item rcv $port, $callback->(@msg) |
179 | |
368 | |
180 | =back |
369 | Replaces the callback on the specified miniport (after converting it to |
|
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370 | one if required). |
181 | |
371 | |
182 | =head1 METHODS FOR PORT OBJECTS |
372 | =item rcv $port, tagstring => $callback->(@msg), ... |
183 | |
373 | |
184 | =over 4 |
374 | =item rcv $port, $smartmatch => $callback->(@msg), ... |
185 | |
375 | |
186 | =item "$port" |
|
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187 | |
|
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188 | A port object stringifies to its port ID, so can be used directly for |
|
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189 | C<snd> operations. |
|
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190 | |
|
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191 | =cut |
|
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192 | |
|
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193 | use overload |
|
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194 | '""' => sub { $_[0]{id} }, |
|
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195 | fallback => 1; |
|
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196 | |
|
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197 | =item $port->rcv (type => $callback->($port, @msg)) |
|
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198 | |
|
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199 | =item $port->rcv ($smartmatch => $callback->($port, @msg)) |
|
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200 | |
|
|
201 | =item $port->rcv ([$smartmatch...] => $callback->($port, @msg)) |
376 | =item rcv $port, [$smartmatch...] => $callback->(@msg), ... |
202 | |
377 | |
203 | Register a callback on the given port. |
378 | Register callbacks to be called on matching messages on the given full |
|
|
379 | port (after converting it to one if required) and return the port. |
204 | |
380 | |
205 | The callback has to return a true value when its work is done, after |
381 | The callback has to return a true value when its work is done, after |
206 | which is will be removed, or a false value in which case it will stay |
382 | which is will be removed, or a false value in which case it will stay |
207 | registered. |
383 | registered. |
208 | |
384 | |
|
|
385 | The global C<$SELF> (exported by this module) contains C<$port> while |
|
|
386 | executing the callback. |
|
|
387 | |
|
|
388 | Runtime errors during callback execution will result in the port being |
|
|
389 | C<kil>ed. |
|
|
390 | |
209 | If the match is an array reference, then it will be matched against the |
391 | If the match is an array reference, then it will be matched against the |
210 | first elements of the message, otherwise only the first element is being |
392 | first elements of the message, otherwise only the first element is being |
211 | matched. |
393 | matched. |
212 | |
394 | |
213 | Any element in the match that is specified as C<_any_> (a function |
395 | Any element in the match that is specified as C<_any_> (a function |
… | |
… | |
215 | |
397 | |
216 | While not required, it is highly recommended that the first matching |
398 | While not required, it is highly recommended that the first matching |
217 | element is a string identifying the message. The one-string-only match is |
399 | element is a string identifying the message. The one-string-only match is |
218 | also the most efficient match (by far). |
400 | also the most efficient match (by far). |
219 | |
401 | |
|
|
402 | Example: create a port and bind receivers on it in one go. |
|
|
403 | |
|
|
404 | my $port = rcv port, |
|
|
405 | msg1 => sub { ...; 0 }, |
|
|
406 | msg2 => sub { ...; 0 }, |
|
|
407 | ; |
|
|
408 | |
|
|
409 | Example: create a port, bind receivers and send it in a message elsewhere |
|
|
410 | in one go: |
|
|
411 | |
|
|
412 | snd $otherport, reply => |
|
|
413 | rcv port, |
|
|
414 | msg1 => sub { ...; 0 }, |
|
|
415 | ... |
|
|
416 | ; |
|
|
417 | |
220 | =cut |
418 | =cut |
221 | |
419 | |
222 | sub rcv($@) { |
420 | sub rcv($@) { |
223 | my ($self, $match, $cb) = @_; |
421 | my $port = shift; |
|
|
422 | my ($noderef, $portid) = split /#/, $port, 2; |
224 | |
423 | |
225 | if (!ref $match) { |
424 | ($NODE{$noderef} || add_node $noderef) == $NODE{""} |
226 | push @{ $self->{rc0}{$match} }, [$cb]; |
425 | or Carp::croak "$port: rcv can only be called on local ports, caught"; |
227 | } elsif (("ARRAY" eq ref $match && !ref $match->[0])) { |
426 | |
228 | my ($type, @match) = @$match; |
427 | if (@_ == 1) { |
229 | @match |
428 | my $cb = shift; |
230 | ? push @{ $self->{rcv}{$match->[0]} }, [$cb, \@match] |
429 | delete $PORT_DATA{$portid}; |
231 | : push @{ $self->{rc0}{$match->[0]} }, [$cb]; |
430 | $PORT{$portid} = sub { |
|
|
431 | local $SELF = $port; |
|
|
432 | eval { |
|
|
433 | &$cb |
|
|
434 | and kil $port; |
|
|
435 | }; |
|
|
436 | _self_die if $@; |
|
|
437 | }; |
232 | } else { |
438 | } else { |
|
|
439 | my $self = $PORT_DATA{$portid} ||= do { |
|
|
440 | my $self = bless { |
|
|
441 | id => $port, |
|
|
442 | }, "AnyEvent::MP::Port"; |
|
|
443 | |
|
|
444 | $PORT{$portid} = sub { |
|
|
445 | local $SELF = $port; |
|
|
446 | |
|
|
447 | eval { |
|
|
448 | for (@{ $self->{rc0}{$_[0]} }) { |
|
|
449 | $_ && &{$_->[0]} |
|
|
450 | && undef $_; |
|
|
451 | } |
|
|
452 | |
|
|
453 | for (@{ $self->{rcv}{$_[0]} }) { |
|
|
454 | $_ && [@_[1 .. @{$_->[1]}]] ~~ $_->[1] |
|
|
455 | && &{$_->[0]} |
|
|
456 | && undef $_; |
|
|
457 | } |
|
|
458 | |
|
|
459 | for (@{ $self->{any} }) { |
|
|
460 | $_ && [@_[0 .. $#{$_->[1]}]] ~~ $_->[1] |
|
|
461 | && &{$_->[0]} |
|
|
462 | && undef $_; |
|
|
463 | } |
|
|
464 | }; |
|
|
465 | _self_die if $@; |
|
|
466 | }; |
|
|
467 | |
|
|
468 | $self |
|
|
469 | }; |
|
|
470 | |
|
|
471 | "AnyEvent::MP::Port" eq ref $self |
|
|
472 | or Carp::croak "$port: rcv can only be called on message matching ports, caught"; |
|
|
473 | |
|
|
474 | while (@_) { |
|
|
475 | my ($match, $cb) = splice @_, 0, 2; |
|
|
476 | |
|
|
477 | if (!ref $match) { |
|
|
478 | push @{ $self->{rc0}{$match} }, [$cb]; |
|
|
479 | } elsif (("ARRAY" eq ref $match && !ref $match->[0])) { |
|
|
480 | my ($type, @match) = @$match; |
|
|
481 | @match |
|
|
482 | ? push @{ $self->{rcv}{$match->[0]} }, [$cb, \@match] |
|
|
483 | : push @{ $self->{rc0}{$match->[0]} }, [$cb]; |
|
|
484 | } else { |
233 | push @{ $self->{any} }, [$cb, $match]; |
485 | push @{ $self->{any} }, [$cb, $match]; |
|
|
486 | } |
|
|
487 | } |
|
|
488 | } |
|
|
489 | |
|
|
490 | $port |
|
|
491 | } |
|
|
492 | |
|
|
493 | =item $closure = psub { BLOCK } |
|
|
494 | |
|
|
495 | Remembers C<$SELF> and creates a closure out of the BLOCK. When the |
|
|
496 | closure is executed, sets up the environment in the same way as in C<rcv> |
|
|
497 | callbacks, i.e. runtime errors will cause the port to get C<kil>ed. |
|
|
498 | |
|
|
499 | This is useful when you register callbacks from C<rcv> callbacks: |
|
|
500 | |
|
|
501 | rcv delayed_reply => sub { |
|
|
502 | my ($delay, @reply) = @_; |
|
|
503 | my $timer = AE::timer $delay, 0, psub { |
|
|
504 | snd @reply, $SELF; |
|
|
505 | }; |
|
|
506 | }; |
|
|
507 | |
|
|
508 | =cut |
|
|
509 | |
|
|
510 | sub psub(&) { |
|
|
511 | my $cb = shift; |
|
|
512 | |
|
|
513 | my $port = $SELF |
|
|
514 | or Carp::croak "psub can only be called from within rcv or psub callbacks, not"; |
|
|
515 | |
|
|
516 | sub { |
|
|
517 | local $SELF = $port; |
|
|
518 | |
|
|
519 | if (wantarray) { |
|
|
520 | my @res = eval { &$cb }; |
|
|
521 | _self_die if $@; |
|
|
522 | @res |
|
|
523 | } else { |
|
|
524 | my $res = eval { &$cb }; |
|
|
525 | _self_die if $@; |
|
|
526 | $res |
|
|
527 | } |
234 | } |
528 | } |
235 | } |
529 | } |
236 | |
530 | |
237 | =item $port->register ($name) |
531 | =item $guard = mon $port, $cb->(@reason) |
238 | |
532 | |
239 | Registers the given port under the well known name C<$name>. If the name |
533 | =item $guard = mon $port, $rcvport |
240 | already exists it is replaced. |
|
|
241 | |
534 | |
242 | A port can only be registered under one well known name. |
535 | =item $guard = mon $port |
243 | |
536 | |
244 | =cut |
537 | =item $guard = mon $port, $rcvport, @msg |
245 | |
538 | |
246 | sub register { |
539 | Monitor the given port and do something when the port is killed or |
247 | my ($self, $name) = @_; |
540 | messages to it were lost, and optionally return a guard that can be used |
|
|
541 | to stop monitoring again. |
248 | |
542 | |
249 | $self->{wkname} = $name; |
543 | C<mon> effectively guarantees that, in the absence of hardware failures, |
250 | $AnyEvent::MP::Base::WKP{$name} = "$self"; |
544 | that after starting the monitor, either all messages sent to the port |
|
|
545 | will arrive, or the monitoring action will be invoked after possible |
|
|
546 | message loss has been detected. No messages will be lost "in between" |
|
|
547 | (after the first lost message no further messages will be received by the |
|
|
548 | port). After the monitoring action was invoked, further messages might get |
|
|
549 | delivered again. |
|
|
550 | |
|
|
551 | In the first form (callback), the callback is simply called with any |
|
|
552 | number of C<@reason> elements (no @reason means that the port was deleted |
|
|
553 | "normally"). Note also that I<< the callback B<must> never die >>, so use |
|
|
554 | C<eval> if unsure. |
|
|
555 | |
|
|
556 | In the second form (another port given), the other port (C<$rcvport>) |
|
|
557 | will be C<kil>'ed with C<@reason>, iff a @reason was specified, i.e. on |
|
|
558 | "normal" kils nothing happens, while under all other conditions, the other |
|
|
559 | port is killed with the same reason. |
|
|
560 | |
|
|
561 | The third form (kill self) is the same as the second form, except that |
|
|
562 | C<$rvport> defaults to C<$SELF>. |
|
|
563 | |
|
|
564 | In the last form (message), a message of the form C<@msg, @reason> will be |
|
|
565 | C<snd>. |
|
|
566 | |
|
|
567 | As a rule of thumb, monitoring requests should always monitor a port from |
|
|
568 | a local port (or callback). The reason is that kill messages might get |
|
|
569 | lost, just like any other message. Another less obvious reason is that |
|
|
570 | even monitoring requests can get lost (for exmaple, when the connection |
|
|
571 | to the other node goes down permanently). When monitoring a port locally |
|
|
572 | these problems do not exist. |
|
|
573 | |
|
|
574 | Example: call a given callback when C<$port> is killed. |
|
|
575 | |
|
|
576 | mon $port, sub { warn "port died because of <@_>\n" }; |
|
|
577 | |
|
|
578 | Example: kill ourselves when C<$port> is killed abnormally. |
|
|
579 | |
|
|
580 | mon $port; |
|
|
581 | |
|
|
582 | Example: send us a restart message when another C<$port> is killed. |
|
|
583 | |
|
|
584 | mon $port, $self => "restart"; |
|
|
585 | |
|
|
586 | =cut |
|
|
587 | |
|
|
588 | sub mon { |
|
|
589 | my ($noderef, $port) = split /#/, shift, 2; |
|
|
590 | |
|
|
591 | my $node = $NODE{$noderef} || add_node $noderef; |
|
|
592 | |
|
|
593 | my $cb = @_ ? shift : $SELF || Carp::croak 'mon: called with one argument only, but $SELF not set,'; |
|
|
594 | |
|
|
595 | unless (ref $cb) { |
|
|
596 | if (@_) { |
|
|
597 | # send a kill info message |
|
|
598 | my (@msg) = ($cb, @_); |
|
|
599 | $cb = sub { snd @msg, @_ }; |
|
|
600 | } else { |
|
|
601 | # simply kill other port |
|
|
602 | my $port = $cb; |
|
|
603 | $cb = sub { kil $port, @_ if @_ }; |
|
|
604 | } |
|
|
605 | } |
|
|
606 | |
|
|
607 | $node->monitor ($port, $cb); |
|
|
608 | |
|
|
609 | defined wantarray |
|
|
610 | and AnyEvent::Util::guard { $node->unmonitor ($port, $cb) } |
251 | } |
611 | } |
252 | |
612 | |
253 | =item $port->destroy |
613 | =item $guard = mon_guard $port, $ref, $ref... |
254 | |
614 | |
255 | Explicitly destroy/remove/nuke/vaporise the port. |
615 | Monitors the given C<$port> and keeps the passed references. When the port |
|
|
616 | is killed, the references will be freed. |
256 | |
617 | |
257 | Ports are normally kept alive by there mere existance alone, and need to |
618 | Optionally returns a guard that will stop the monitoring. |
258 | be destroyed explicitly. |
|
|
259 | |
619 | |
260 | =cut |
620 | This function is useful when you create e.g. timers or other watchers and |
|
|
621 | want to free them when the port gets killed: |
261 | |
622 | |
262 | sub destroy { |
623 | $port->rcv (start => sub { |
263 | my ($self) = @_; |
624 | my $timer; $timer = mon_guard $port, AE::timer 1, 1, sub { |
|
|
625 | undef $timer if 0.9 < rand; |
|
|
626 | }); |
|
|
627 | }); |
264 | |
628 | |
265 | delete $AnyEvent::MP::Base::WKP{ $self->{wkname} }; |
629 | =cut |
266 | |
630 | |
267 | delete $AnyEvent::MP::Base::PORT{$_} |
631 | sub mon_guard { |
268 | for @{ $self->{names} }; |
632 | my ($port, @refs) = @_; |
|
|
633 | |
|
|
634 | #TODO: mon-less form? |
|
|
635 | |
|
|
636 | mon $port, sub { 0 && @refs } |
269 | } |
637 | } |
270 | |
638 | |
271 | =back |
639 | =item kil $port[, @reason] |
272 | |
640 | |
273 | =head1 FUNCTIONS FOR NODES |
641 | Kill the specified port with the given C<@reason>. |
274 | |
642 | |
275 | =over 4 |
643 | If no C<@reason> is specified, then the port is killed "normally" (linked |
|
|
644 | ports will not be kileld, or even notified). |
276 | |
645 | |
277 | =item mon $noderef, $callback->($noderef, $status, $) |
646 | Otherwise, linked ports get killed with the same reason (second form of |
|
|
647 | C<mon>, see below). |
278 | |
648 | |
279 | Monitors the given noderef. |
649 | Runtime errors while evaluating C<rcv> callbacks or inside C<psub> blocks |
|
|
650 | will be reported as reason C<< die => $@ >>. |
280 | |
651 | |
281 | =item become_public endpoint... |
652 | Transport/communication errors are reported as C<< transport_error => |
|
|
653 | $message >>. |
282 | |
654 | |
283 | Tells the node to become a public node, i.e. reachable from other nodes. |
|
|
284 | |
|
|
285 | If no arguments are given, or the first argument is C<undef>, then |
|
|
286 | AnyEvent::MP tries to bind on port C<4040> on all IP addresses that the |
|
|
287 | local nodename resolves to. |
|
|
288 | |
|
|
289 | Otherwise the first argument must be an array-reference with transport |
|
|
290 | endpoints ("ip:port", "hostname:port") or port numbers (in which case the |
|
|
291 | local nodename is used as hostname). The endpoints are all resolved and |
|
|
292 | will become the node reference. |
|
|
293 | |
|
|
294 | =cut |
655 | =cut |
|
|
656 | |
|
|
657 | =item $port = spawn $node, $initfunc[, @initdata] |
|
|
658 | |
|
|
659 | Creates a port on the node C<$node> (which can also be a port ID, in which |
|
|
660 | case it's the node where that port resides). |
|
|
661 | |
|
|
662 | The port ID of the newly created port is return immediately, and it is |
|
|
663 | permissible to immediately start sending messages or monitor the port. |
|
|
664 | |
|
|
665 | After the port has been created, the init function is |
|
|
666 | called. This function must be a fully-qualified function name |
|
|
667 | (e.g. C<MyApp::Chat::Server::init>). To specify a function in the main |
|
|
668 | program, use C<::name>. |
|
|
669 | |
|
|
670 | If the function doesn't exist, then the node tries to C<require> |
|
|
671 | the package, then the package above the package and so on (e.g. |
|
|
672 | C<MyApp::Chat::Server>, C<MyApp::Chat>, C<MyApp>) until the function |
|
|
673 | exists or it runs out of package names. |
|
|
674 | |
|
|
675 | The init function is then called with the newly-created port as context |
|
|
676 | object (C<$SELF>) and the C<@initdata> values as arguments. |
|
|
677 | |
|
|
678 | A common idiom is to pass your own port, monitor the spawned port, and |
|
|
679 | in the init function, monitor the original port. This two-way monitoring |
|
|
680 | ensures that both ports get cleaned up when there is a problem. |
|
|
681 | |
|
|
682 | Example: spawn a chat server port on C<$othernode>. |
|
|
683 | |
|
|
684 | # this node, executed from within a port context: |
|
|
685 | my $server = spawn $othernode, "MyApp::Chat::Server::connect", $SELF; |
|
|
686 | mon $server; |
|
|
687 | |
|
|
688 | # init function on C<$othernode> |
|
|
689 | sub connect { |
|
|
690 | my ($srcport) = @_; |
|
|
691 | |
|
|
692 | mon $srcport; |
|
|
693 | |
|
|
694 | rcv $SELF, sub { |
|
|
695 | ... |
|
|
696 | }; |
|
|
697 | } |
|
|
698 | |
|
|
699 | =cut |
|
|
700 | |
|
|
701 | sub _spawn { |
|
|
702 | my $port = shift; |
|
|
703 | my $init = shift; |
|
|
704 | |
|
|
705 | local $SELF = "$NODE#$port"; |
|
|
706 | eval { |
|
|
707 | &{ load_func $init } |
|
|
708 | }; |
|
|
709 | _self_die if $@; |
|
|
710 | } |
|
|
711 | |
|
|
712 | sub spawn(@) { |
|
|
713 | my ($noderef, undef) = split /#/, shift, 2; |
|
|
714 | |
|
|
715 | my $id = "$RUNIQ." . $ID++; |
|
|
716 | |
|
|
717 | $_[0] =~ /::/ |
|
|
718 | or Carp::croak "spawn init function must be a fully-qualified name, caught"; |
|
|
719 | |
|
|
720 | ($NODE{$noderef} || add_node $noderef) |
|
|
721 | ->send (["", "AnyEvent::MP::_spawn" => $id, @_]); |
|
|
722 | |
|
|
723 | "$noderef#$id" |
|
|
724 | } |
295 | |
725 | |
296 | =back |
726 | =back |
297 | |
727 | |
298 | =head1 NODE MESSAGES |
728 | =head1 NODE MESSAGES |
299 | |
729 | |
300 | Nodes understand the following messages sent to them. Many of them take |
730 | Nodes understand the following messages sent to them. Many of them take |
301 | arguments called C<@reply>, which will simply be used to compose a reply |
731 | arguments called C<@reply>, which will simply be used to compose a reply |
302 | message - C<$reply[0]> is the port to reply to, C<$reply[1]> the type and |
732 | message - C<$reply[0]> is the port to reply to, C<$reply[1]> the type and |
303 | the remaining arguments are simply the message data. |
733 | the remaining arguments are simply the message data. |
304 | |
734 | |
|
|
735 | While other messages exist, they are not public and subject to change. |
|
|
736 | |
305 | =over 4 |
737 | =over 4 |
306 | |
738 | |
307 | =cut |
739 | =cut |
308 | |
740 | |
309 | =item wkp => $name, @reply |
741 | =item lookup => $name, @reply |
310 | |
742 | |
311 | Replies with the port ID of the specified well-known port, or C<undef>. |
743 | Replies with the port ID of the specified well-known port, or C<undef>. |
312 | |
744 | |
313 | =item devnull => ... |
745 | =item devnull => ... |
314 | |
746 | |
… | |
… | |
337 | snd $NODE, time => $myport, timereply => 1, 2; |
769 | snd $NODE, time => $myport, timereply => 1, 2; |
338 | # => snd $myport, timereply => 1, 2, <time> |
770 | # => snd $myport, timereply => 1, 2, <time> |
339 | |
771 | |
340 | =back |
772 | =back |
341 | |
773 | |
|
|
774 | =head1 AnyEvent::MP vs. Distributed Erlang |
|
|
775 | |
|
|
776 | AnyEvent::MP got lots of its ideas from distributed Erlang (Erlang node |
|
|
777 | == aemp node, Erlang process == aemp port), so many of the documents and |
|
|
778 | programming techniques employed by Erlang apply to AnyEvent::MP. Here is a |
|
|
779 | sample: |
|
|
780 | |
|
|
781 | http://www.Erlang.se/doc/programming_rules.shtml |
|
|
782 | http://Erlang.org/doc/getting_started/part_frame.html # chapters 3 and 4 |
|
|
783 | http://Erlang.org/download/Erlang-book-part1.pdf # chapters 5 and 6 |
|
|
784 | http://Erlang.org/download/armstrong_thesis_2003.pdf # chapters 4 and 5 |
|
|
785 | |
|
|
786 | Despite the similarities, there are also some important differences: |
|
|
787 | |
|
|
788 | =over 4 |
|
|
789 | |
|
|
790 | =item * Node references contain the recipe on how to contact them. |
|
|
791 | |
|
|
792 | Erlang relies on special naming and DNS to work everywhere in the |
|
|
793 | same way. AEMP relies on each node knowing it's own address(es), with |
|
|
794 | convenience functionality. |
|
|
795 | |
|
|
796 | This means that AEMP requires a less tightly controlled environment at the |
|
|
797 | cost of longer node references and a slightly higher management overhead. |
|
|
798 | |
|
|
799 | =item * Erlang uses processes and a mailbox, AEMP does not queue. |
|
|
800 | |
|
|
801 | Erlang uses processes that selctively receive messages, and therefore |
|
|
802 | needs a queue. AEMP is event based, queuing messages would serve no useful |
|
|
803 | purpose. |
|
|
804 | |
|
|
805 | (But see L<Coro::MP> for a more Erlang-like process model on top of AEMP). |
|
|
806 | |
|
|
807 | =item * Erlang sends are synchronous, AEMP sends are asynchronous. |
|
|
808 | |
|
|
809 | Sending messages in Erlang is synchronous and blocks the process. AEMP |
|
|
810 | sends are immediate, connection establishment is handled in the |
|
|
811 | background. |
|
|
812 | |
|
|
813 | =item * Erlang can silently lose messages, AEMP cannot. |
|
|
814 | |
|
|
815 | Erlang makes few guarantees on messages delivery - messages can get lost |
|
|
816 | without any of the processes realising it (i.e. you send messages a, b, |
|
|
817 | and c, and the other side only receives messages a and c). |
|
|
818 | |
|
|
819 | AEMP guarantees correct ordering, and the guarantee that there are no |
|
|
820 | holes in the message sequence. |
|
|
821 | |
|
|
822 | =item * In Erlang, processes can be declared dead and later be found to be |
|
|
823 | alive. |
|
|
824 | |
|
|
825 | In Erlang it can happen that a monitored process is declared dead and |
|
|
826 | linked processes get killed, but later it turns out that the process is |
|
|
827 | still alive - and can receive messages. |
|
|
828 | |
|
|
829 | In AEMP, when port monitoring detects a port as dead, then that port will |
|
|
830 | eventually be killed - it cannot happen that a node detects a port as dead |
|
|
831 | and then later sends messages to it, finding it is still alive. |
|
|
832 | |
|
|
833 | =item * Erlang can send messages to the wrong port, AEMP does not. |
|
|
834 | |
|
|
835 | In Erlang it is quite possible that a node that restarts reuses a process |
|
|
836 | ID known to other nodes for a completely different process, causing |
|
|
837 | messages destined for that process to end up in an unrelated process. |
|
|
838 | |
|
|
839 | AEMP never reuses port IDs, so old messages or old port IDs floating |
|
|
840 | around in the network will not be sent to an unrelated port. |
|
|
841 | |
|
|
842 | =item * Erlang uses unprotected connections, AEMP uses secure |
|
|
843 | authentication and can use TLS. |
|
|
844 | |
|
|
845 | AEMP can use a proven protocol - SSL/TLS - to protect connections and |
|
|
846 | securely authenticate nodes. |
|
|
847 | |
|
|
848 | =item * The AEMP protocol is optimised for both text-based and binary |
|
|
849 | communications. |
|
|
850 | |
|
|
851 | The AEMP protocol, unlike the Erlang protocol, supports both |
|
|
852 | language-independent text-only protocols (good for debugging) and binary, |
|
|
853 | language-specific serialisers (e.g. Storable). |
|
|
854 | |
|
|
855 | It has also been carefully designed to be implementable in other languages |
|
|
856 | with a minimum of work while gracefully degrading fucntionality to make the |
|
|
857 | protocol simple. |
|
|
858 | |
|
|
859 | =item * AEMP has more flexible monitoring options than Erlang. |
|
|
860 | |
|
|
861 | In Erlang, you can chose to receive I<all> exit signals as messages |
|
|
862 | or I<none>, there is no in-between, so monitoring single processes is |
|
|
863 | difficult to implement. Monitoring in AEMP is more flexible than in |
|
|
864 | Erlang, as one can choose between automatic kill, exit message or callback |
|
|
865 | on a per-process basis. |
|
|
866 | |
|
|
867 | =item * Erlang tries to hide remote/local connections, AEMP does not. |
|
|
868 | |
|
|
869 | Monitoring in Erlang is not an indicator of process death/crashes, |
|
|
870 | as linking is (except linking is unreliable in Erlang). |
|
|
871 | |
|
|
872 | In AEMP, you don't "look up" registered port names or send to named ports |
|
|
873 | that might or might not be persistent. Instead, you normally spawn a port |
|
|
874 | on the remote node. The init function monitors the you, and you monitor |
|
|
875 | the remote port. Since both monitors are local to the node, they are much |
|
|
876 | more reliable. |
|
|
877 | |
|
|
878 | This also saves round-trips and avoids sending messages to the wrong port |
|
|
879 | (hard to do in Erlang). |
|
|
880 | |
|
|
881 | =back |
|
|
882 | |
|
|
883 | =head1 RATIONALE |
|
|
884 | |
|
|
885 | =over 4 |
|
|
886 | |
|
|
887 | =item Why strings for ports and noderefs, why not objects? |
|
|
888 | |
|
|
889 | We considered "objects", but found that the actual number of methods |
|
|
890 | thatc an be called are very low. Since port IDs and noderefs travel over |
|
|
891 | the network frequently, the serialising/deserialising would add lots of |
|
|
892 | overhead, as well as having to keep a proxy object. |
|
|
893 | |
|
|
894 | Strings can easily be printed, easily serialised etc. and need no special |
|
|
895 | procedures to be "valid". |
|
|
896 | |
|
|
897 | And a a miniport consists of a single closure stored in a global hash - it |
|
|
898 | can't become much cheaper. |
|
|
899 | |
|
|
900 | =item Why favour JSON, why not real serialising format such as Storable? |
|
|
901 | |
|
|
902 | In fact, any AnyEvent::MP node will happily accept Storable as framing |
|
|
903 | format, but currently there is no way to make a node use Storable by |
|
|
904 | default. |
|
|
905 | |
|
|
906 | The default framing protocol is JSON because a) JSON::XS is many times |
|
|
907 | faster for small messages and b) most importantly, after years of |
|
|
908 | experience we found that object serialisation is causing more problems |
|
|
909 | than it gains: Just like function calls, objects simply do not travel |
|
|
910 | easily over the network, mostly because they will always be a copy, so you |
|
|
911 | always have to re-think your design. |
|
|
912 | |
|
|
913 | Keeping your messages simple, concentrating on data structures rather than |
|
|
914 | objects, will keep your messages clean, tidy and efficient. |
|
|
915 | |
|
|
916 | =back |
|
|
917 | |
342 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
918 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
343 | |
919 | |
344 | L<AnyEvent>. |
920 | L<AnyEvent>. |
345 | |
921 | |
346 | =head1 AUTHOR |
922 | =head1 AUTHOR |