1 | =head1 NAME |
1 | =head1 NAME |
2 | |
2 | |
3 | AnyEvent::MP - multi-processing/message-passing framework |
3 | AnyEvent::MP - erlang-style multi-processing/message-passing framework |
4 | |
4 | |
5 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
5 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
6 | |
6 | |
7 | use AnyEvent::MP; |
7 | use AnyEvent::MP; |
8 | |
8 | |
9 | $NODE # contains this node's noderef |
9 | $NODE # contains this node's node ID |
10 | NODE # returns this node's noderef |
10 | NODE # returns this node's node ID |
11 | NODE $port # returns the noderef of the port |
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12 | |
11 | |
13 | $SELF # receiving/own port id in rcv callbacks |
12 | $SELF # receiving/own port id in rcv callbacks |
14 | |
13 | |
15 | # initialise the node so it can send/receive messages |
14 | # initialise the node so it can send/receive messages |
16 | initialise_node; # -OR- |
15 | configure; |
17 | initialise_node "localhost:4040"; # -OR- |
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18 | initialise_node "slave/", "localhost:4040" |
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19 | |
16 | |
20 | # ports are message endpoints |
17 | # ports are message destinations |
21 | |
18 | |
22 | # sending messages |
19 | # sending messages |
23 | snd $port, type => data...; |
20 | snd $port, type => data...; |
24 | snd $port, @msg; |
21 | snd $port, @msg; |
25 | snd @msg_with_first_element_being_a_port; |
22 | snd @msg_with_first_element_being_a_port; |
26 | |
23 | |
27 | # creating/using miniports |
24 | # creating/using ports, the simple way |
28 | my $miniport = port { my @msg = @_; 0 }; |
25 | my $simple_port = port { my @msg = @_ }; |
29 | |
26 | |
30 | # creating/using full ports |
27 | # creating/using ports, tagged message matching |
31 | my $port = port; |
28 | my $port = port; |
32 | rcv $port, smartmatch => $cb->(@msg); |
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33 | rcv $port, ping => sub { snd $_[0], "pong"; 0 }; |
29 | rcv $port, ping => sub { snd $_[0], "pong" }; |
34 | rcv $port, pong => sub { warn "pong received\n"; 0 }; |
30 | rcv $port, pong => sub { warn "pong received\n" }; |
35 | |
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36 | # more, smarter, matches (_any_ is exported by this module) |
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37 | rcv $port, [child_died => $pid] => sub { ... |
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38 | rcv $port, [_any_, _any_, 3] => sub { .. $_[2] is 3 |
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39 | |
31 | |
40 | # create a port on another node |
32 | # create a port on another node |
41 | my $port = spawn $node, $initfunc, @initdata; |
33 | my $port = spawn $node, $initfunc, @initdata; |
42 | |
34 | |
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35 | # destroy a port again |
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36 | kil $port; # "normal" kill |
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37 | kil $port, my_error => "everything is broken"; # error kill |
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38 | |
43 | # monitoring |
39 | # monitoring |
44 | mon $port, $cb->(@msg) # callback is invoked on death |
40 | mon $port, $cb->(@msg) # callback is invoked on death |
45 | mon $port, $otherport # kill otherport on abnormal death |
41 | mon $port, $localport # kill localport on abnormal death |
46 | mon $port, $otherport, @msg # send message on death |
42 | mon $port, $localport, @msg # send message on death |
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43 | |
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44 | # temporarily execute code in port context |
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45 | peval $port, sub { die "kill the port!" }; |
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46 | |
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47 | # execute callbacks in $SELF port context |
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48 | my $timer = AE::timer 1, 0, psub { |
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49 | die "kill the port, delayed"; |
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50 | }; |
47 | |
51 | |
48 | =head1 CURRENT STATUS |
52 | =head1 CURRENT STATUS |
49 | |
53 | |
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54 | bin/aemp - stable. |
50 | AnyEvent::MP - stable API, should work |
55 | AnyEvent::MP - stable API, should work. |
51 | AnyEvent::MP::Intro - outdated |
56 | AnyEvent::MP::Intro - explains most concepts. |
52 | AnyEvent::MP::Kernel - WIP |
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53 | AnyEvent::MP::Transport - mostly stable |
57 | AnyEvent::MP::Kernel - mostly stable API. |
54 | |
58 | AnyEvent::MP::Global - stable API. |
55 | stay tuned. |
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56 | |
59 | |
57 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
60 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
58 | |
61 | |
59 | This module (-family) implements a simple message passing framework. |
62 | This module (-family) implements a simple message passing framework. |
60 | |
63 | |
61 | Despite its simplicity, you can securely message other processes running |
64 | Despite its simplicity, you can securely message other processes running |
62 | on the same or other hosts. |
65 | on the same or other hosts, and you can supervise entities remotely. |
63 | |
66 | |
64 | For an introduction to this module family, see the L<AnyEvent::MP::Intro> |
67 | For an introduction to this module family, see the L<AnyEvent::MP::Intro> |
65 | manual page. |
68 | manual page and the examples under F<eg/>. |
66 | |
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67 | At the moment, this module family is severly broken and underdocumented, |
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68 | so do not use. This was uploaded mainly to reserve the CPAN namespace - |
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69 | stay tuned! |
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70 | |
69 | |
71 | =head1 CONCEPTS |
70 | =head1 CONCEPTS |
72 | |
71 | |
73 | =over 4 |
72 | =over 4 |
74 | |
73 | |
75 | =item port |
74 | =item port |
76 | |
75 | |
77 | A port is something you can send messages to (with the C<snd> function). |
76 | Not to be confused with a TCP port, a "port" is something you can send |
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77 | messages to (with the C<snd> function). |
78 | |
78 | |
79 | Some ports allow you to register C<rcv> handlers that can match specific |
79 | Ports allow you to register C<rcv> handlers that can match all or just |
80 | messages. All C<rcv> handlers will receive messages they match, messages |
80 | some messages. Messages send to ports will not be queued, regardless of |
81 | will not be queued. |
81 | anything was listening for them or not. |
82 | |
82 | |
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83 | Ports are represented by (printable) strings called "port IDs". |
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84 | |
83 | =item port id - C<noderef#portname> |
85 | =item port ID - C<nodeid#portname> |
84 | |
86 | |
85 | A port id is normaly the concatenation of a noderef, a hash-mark (C<#>) as |
87 | A port ID is the concatenation of a node ID, a hash-mark (C<#>) |
86 | separator, and a port name (a printable string of unspecified format). An |
88 | as separator, and a port name (a printable string of unspecified |
87 | exception is the the node port, whose ID is identical to its node |
89 | format created by AnyEvent::MP). |
88 | reference. |
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89 | |
90 | |
90 | =item node |
91 | =item node |
91 | |
92 | |
92 | A node is a single process containing at least one port - the node |
93 | A node is a single process containing at least one port - the node port, |
93 | port. You can send messages to node ports to find existing ports or to |
94 | which enables nodes to manage each other remotely, and to create new |
94 | create new ports, among other things. |
95 | ports. |
95 | |
96 | |
96 | Nodes are either private (single-process only), slaves (connected to a |
97 | Nodes are either public (have one or more listening ports) or private |
97 | master node only) or public nodes (connectable from unrelated nodes). |
98 | (no listening ports). Private nodes cannot talk to other private nodes |
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99 | currently, but all nodes can talk to public nodes. |
98 | |
100 | |
99 | =item noderef - C<host:port,host:port...>, C<id@noderef>, C<id> |
101 | Nodes is represented by (printable) strings called "node IDs". |
100 | |
102 | |
101 | A node reference is a string that either simply identifies the node (for |
103 | =item node ID - C<[A-Za-z0-9_\-.:]*> |
102 | private and slave nodes), or contains a recipe on how to reach a given |
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103 | node (for public nodes). |
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104 | |
104 | |
105 | This recipe is simply a comma-separated list of C<address:port> pairs (for |
105 | A node ID is a string that uniquely identifies the node within a |
106 | TCP/IP, other protocols might look different). |
106 | network. Depending on the configuration used, node IDs can look like a |
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107 | hostname, a hostname and a port, or a random string. AnyEvent::MP itself |
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108 | doesn't interpret node IDs in any way except to uniquely identify a node. |
107 | |
109 | |
108 | Node references come in two flavours: resolved (containing only numerical |
110 | =item binds - C<ip:port> |
109 | addresses) or unresolved (where hostnames are used instead of addresses). |
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110 | |
111 | |
111 | Before using an unresolved node reference in a message you first have to |
112 | Nodes can only talk to each other by creating some kind of connection to |
112 | resolve it. |
113 | each other. To do this, nodes should listen on one or more local transport |
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114 | endpoints - binds. |
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115 | |
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116 | Currently, only standard C<ip:port> specifications can be used, which |
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117 | specify TCP ports to listen on. So a bind is basically just a tcp socket |
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118 | in listening mode thta accepts conenctions form other nodes. |
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119 | |
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120 | =item seed nodes |
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121 | |
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122 | When a node starts, it knows nothing about the network it is in - it |
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123 | needs to connect to at least one other node that is already in the |
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124 | network. These other nodes are called "seed nodes". |
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125 | |
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126 | Seed nodes themselves are not special - they are seed nodes only because |
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127 | some other node I<uses> them as such, but any node can be used as seed |
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128 | node for other nodes, and eahc node cna use a different set of seed nodes. |
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129 | |
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130 | In addition to discovering the network, seed nodes are also used to |
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131 | maintain the network - all nodes using the same seed node form are part of |
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132 | the same network. If a network is split into multiple subnets because e.g. |
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133 | the network link between the parts goes down, then using the same seed |
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134 | nodes for all nodes ensures that eventually the subnets get merged again. |
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135 | |
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136 | Seed nodes are expected to be long-running, and at least one seed node |
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137 | should always be available. They should also be relatively responsive - a |
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138 | seed node that blocks for long periods will slow down everybody else. |
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139 | |
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140 | For small networks, it's best if every node uses the same set of seed |
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141 | nodes. For large networks, it can be useful to specify "regional" seed |
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142 | nodes for most nodes in an area, and use all seed nodes as seed nodes for |
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143 | each other. What's important is that all seed nodes connections form a |
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144 | complete graph, so that the network cannot split into separate subnets |
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145 | forever. |
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146 | |
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147 | Seed nodes are represented by seed IDs. |
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148 | |
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149 | =item seed IDs - C<host:port> |
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150 | |
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151 | Seed IDs are transport endpoint(s) (usually a hostname/IP address and a |
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152 | TCP port) of nodes that should be used as seed nodes. |
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153 | |
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154 | =item global nodes |
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155 | |
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156 | An AEMP network needs a discovery service - nodes need to know how to |
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157 | connect to other nodes they only know by name. In addition, AEMP offers a |
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158 | distributed "group database", which maps group names to a list of strings |
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159 | - for example, to register worker ports. |
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160 | |
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161 | A network needs at least one global node to work, and allows every node to |
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162 | be a global node. |
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163 | |
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164 | Any node that loads the L<AnyEvent::MP::Global> module becomes a global |
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165 | node and tries to keep connections to all other nodes. So while it can |
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166 | make sense to make every node "global" in small networks, it usually makes |
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167 | sense to only make seed nodes into global nodes in large networks (nodes |
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168 | keep connections to seed nodes and global nodes, so makign them the same |
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169 | reduces overhead). |
113 | |
170 | |
114 | =back |
171 | =back |
115 | |
172 | |
116 | =head1 VARIABLES/FUNCTIONS |
173 | =head1 VARIABLES/FUNCTIONS |
117 | |
174 | |
… | |
… | |
119 | |
176 | |
120 | =cut |
177 | =cut |
121 | |
178 | |
122 | package AnyEvent::MP; |
179 | package AnyEvent::MP; |
123 | |
180 | |
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181 | use AnyEvent::MP::Config (); |
124 | use AnyEvent::MP::Kernel; |
182 | use AnyEvent::MP::Kernel; |
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183 | use AnyEvent::MP::Kernel qw(%NODE %PORT %PORT_DATA $UNIQ $RUNIQ $ID); |
125 | |
184 | |
126 | use common::sense; |
185 | use common::sense; |
127 | |
186 | |
128 | use Carp (); |
187 | use Carp (); |
129 | |
188 | |
130 | use AE (); |
189 | use AE (); |
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190 | use Guard (); |
131 | |
191 | |
132 | use base "Exporter"; |
192 | use base "Exporter"; |
133 | |
193 | |
134 | our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::MP::Kernel::VERSION; |
194 | our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::MP::Config::VERSION; |
135 | |
195 | |
136 | our @EXPORT = qw( |
196 | our @EXPORT = qw( |
137 | NODE $NODE *SELF node_of _any_ |
197 | NODE $NODE *SELF node_of after |
138 | resolve_node initialise_node |
198 | configure |
139 | snd rcv mon kil reg psub spawn |
199 | snd rcv mon mon_guard kil psub peval spawn cal |
140 | port |
200 | port |
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201 | db_set db_del db_reg |
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202 | db_mon db_family db_keys db_values |
141 | ); |
203 | ); |
142 | |
204 | |
143 | our $SELF; |
205 | our $SELF; |
144 | |
206 | |
145 | sub _self_die() { |
207 | sub _self_die() { |
… | |
… | |
148 | kil $SELF, die => $msg; |
210 | kil $SELF, die => $msg; |
149 | } |
211 | } |
150 | |
212 | |
151 | =item $thisnode = NODE / $NODE |
213 | =item $thisnode = NODE / $NODE |
152 | |
214 | |
153 | The C<NODE> function returns, and the C<$NODE> variable contains |
215 | The C<NODE> function returns, and the C<$NODE> variable contains, the node |
154 | the noderef of the local node. The value is initialised by a call |
216 | ID of the node running in the current process. This value is initialised by |
155 | to C<become_public> or C<become_slave>, after which all local port |
217 | a call to C<configure>. |
156 | identifiers become invalid. |
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157 | |
218 | |
158 | =item $noderef = node_of $port |
219 | =item $nodeid = node_of $port |
159 | |
220 | |
160 | Extracts and returns the noderef from a portid or a noderef. |
221 | Extracts and returns the node ID from a port ID or a node ID. |
161 | |
222 | |
162 | =item initialise_node $noderef, $seednode, $seednode... |
223 | =item configure $profile, key => value... |
163 | |
224 | |
164 | =item initialise_node "slave/", $master, $master... |
225 | =item configure key => value... |
165 | |
226 | |
166 | Before a node can talk to other nodes on the network it has to initialise |
227 | Before a node can talk to other nodes on the network (i.e. enter |
167 | itself - the minimum a node needs to know is it's own name, and optionally |
228 | "distributed mode") it has to configure itself - the minimum a node needs |
168 | it should know the noderefs of some other nodes in the network. |
229 | to know is its own name, and optionally it should know the addresses of |
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230 | some other nodes in the network to discover other nodes. |
169 | |
231 | |
170 | This function initialises a node - it must be called exactly once (or |
232 | This function configures a node - it must be called exactly once (or |
171 | never) before calling other AnyEvent::MP functions. |
233 | never) before calling other AnyEvent::MP functions. |
172 | |
234 | |
173 | All arguments are noderefs, which can be either resolved or unresolved. |
235 | The key/value pairs are basically the same ones as documented for the |
174 | |
236 | F<aemp> command line utility (sans the set/del prefix), with these additions: |
175 | There are two types of networked nodes, public nodes and slave nodes: |
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176 | |
237 | |
177 | =over 4 |
238 | =over 4 |
178 | |
239 | |
179 | =item public nodes |
240 | =item norc => $boolean (default false) |
180 | |
241 | |
181 | For public nodes, C<$noderef> must either be a (possibly unresolved) |
242 | If true, then the rc file (e.g. F<~/.perl-anyevent-mp>) will I<not> |
182 | noderef, in which case it will be resolved, or C<undef> (or missing), in |
243 | be consulted - all configuraiton options must be specified in the |
183 | which case the noderef will be guessed. |
244 | C<configure> call. |
184 | |
245 | |
185 | Afterwards, the node will bind itself on all endpoints and try to connect |
246 | =item force => $boolean (default false) |
186 | to all additional C<$seednodes> that are specified. Seednodes are optional |
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187 | and can be used to quickly bootstrap the node into an existing network. |
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188 | |
247 | |
189 | =item slave nodes |
248 | IF true, then the values specified in the C<configure> will take |
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249 | precedence over any values configured via the rc file. The default is for |
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250 | the rc file to override any options specified in the program. |
190 | |
251 | |
191 | When the C<$noderef> is the special string C<slave/>, then the node will |
252 | =item secure => $pass->($nodeid) |
192 | become a slave node. Slave nodes cannot be contacted from outside and will |
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193 | route most of their traffic to the master node that they attach to. |
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194 | |
253 | |
195 | At least one additional noderef is required: The node will try to connect |
254 | In addition to specifying a boolean, you can specify a code reference that |
196 | to all of them and will become a slave attached to the first node it can |
255 | is called for every remote execution attempt - the execution request is |
197 | successfully connect to. |
256 | granted iff the callback returns a true value. |
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257 | |
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258 | See F<semp setsecure> for more info. |
198 | |
259 | |
199 | =back |
260 | =back |
200 | |
261 | |
201 | This function will block until all nodes have been resolved and, for slave |
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202 | nodes, until it has successfully established a connection to a master |
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203 | server. |
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204 | |
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205 | Example: become a public node listening on the default node. |
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206 | |
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207 | initialise_node; |
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208 | |
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209 | Example: become a public node, and try to contact some well-known master |
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210 | servers to become part of the network. |
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211 | |
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212 | initialise_node undef, "master1", "master2"; |
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213 | |
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214 | Example: become a public node listening on port C<4041>. |
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215 | |
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216 | initialise_node 4041; |
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217 | |
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218 | Example: become a public node, only visible on localhost port 4044. |
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219 | |
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220 | initialise_node "locahost:4044"; |
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221 | |
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222 | Example: become a slave node to any of the specified master servers. |
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223 | |
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224 | initialise_node "slave/", "master1", "192.168.13.17", "mp.example.net"; |
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225 | |
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226 | =item $cv = resolve_node $noderef |
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227 | |
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228 | Takes an unresolved node reference that may contain hostnames and |
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229 | abbreviated IDs, resolves all of them and returns a resolved node |
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230 | reference. |
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231 | |
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232 | In addition to C<address:port> pairs allowed in resolved noderefs, the |
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233 | following forms are supported: |
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234 | |
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235 | =over 4 |
262 | =over 4 |
236 | |
263 | |
237 | =item the empty string |
264 | =item step 1, gathering configuration from profiles |
238 | |
265 | |
239 | An empty-string component gets resolved as if the default port (4040) was |
266 | The function first looks up a profile in the aemp configuration (see the |
240 | specified. |
267 | L<aemp> commandline utility). The profile name can be specified via the |
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268 | named C<profile> parameter or can simply be the first parameter). If it is |
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269 | missing, then the nodename (F<uname -n>) will be used as profile name. |
241 | |
270 | |
242 | =item naked port numbers (e.g. C<1234>) |
271 | The profile data is then gathered as follows: |
243 | |
272 | |
244 | These are resolved by prepending the local nodename and a colon, to be |
273 | First, all remaining key => value pairs (all of which are conveniently |
245 | further resolved. |
274 | undocumented at the moment) will be interpreted as configuration |
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275 | data. Then they will be overwritten by any values specified in the global |
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276 | default configuration (see the F<aemp> utility), then the chain of |
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277 | profiles chosen by the profile name (and any C<parent> attributes). |
246 | |
278 | |
247 | =item hostnames (e.g. C<localhost:1234>, C<localhost>) |
279 | That means that the values specified in the profile have highest priority |
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280 | and the values specified directly via C<configure> have lowest priority, |
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281 | and can only be used to specify defaults. |
248 | |
282 | |
249 | These are resolved by using AnyEvent::DNS to resolve them, optionally |
283 | If the profile specifies a node ID, then this will become the node ID of |
250 | looking up SRV records for the C<aemp=4040> port, if no port was |
284 | this process. If not, then the profile name will be used as node ID, with |
251 | specified. |
285 | a unique randoms tring (C</%u>) appended. |
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286 | |
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287 | The node ID can contain some C<%> sequences that are expanded: C<%n> |
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288 | is expanded to the local nodename, C<%u> is replaced by a random |
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289 | strign to make the node unique. For example, the F<aemp> commandline |
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290 | utility uses C<aemp/%n/%u> as nodename, which might expand to |
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291 | C<aemp/cerebro/ZQDGSIkRhEZQDGSIkRhE>. |
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292 | |
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293 | =item step 2, bind listener sockets |
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294 | |
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295 | The next step is to look up the binds in the profile, followed by binding |
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296 | aemp protocol listeners on all binds specified (it is possible and valid |
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297 | to have no binds, meaning that the node cannot be contacted form the |
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298 | outside. This means the node cannot talk to other nodes that also have no |
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299 | binds, but it can still talk to all "normal" nodes). |
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300 | |
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301 | If the profile does not specify a binds list, then a default of C<*> is |
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302 | used, meaning the node will bind on a dynamically-assigned port on every |
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303 | local IP address it finds. |
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304 | |
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305 | =item step 3, connect to seed nodes |
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306 | |
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307 | As the last step, the seed ID list from the profile is passed to the |
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308 | L<AnyEvent::MP::Global> module, which will then use it to keep |
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309 | connectivity with at least one node at any point in time. |
252 | |
310 | |
253 | =back |
311 | =back |
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312 | |
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313 | Example: become a distributed node using the local node name as profile. |
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314 | This should be the most common form of invocation for "daemon"-type nodes. |
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315 | |
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316 | configure |
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317 | |
|
|
318 | Example: become a semi-anonymous node. This form is often used for |
|
|
319 | commandline clients. |
|
|
320 | |
|
|
321 | configure nodeid => "myscript/%n/%u"; |
|
|
322 | |
|
|
323 | Example: configure a node using a profile called seed, which is suitable |
|
|
324 | for a seed node as it binds on all local addresses on a fixed port (4040, |
|
|
325 | customary for aemp). |
|
|
326 | |
|
|
327 | # use the aemp commandline utility |
|
|
328 | # aemp profile seed binds '*:4040' |
|
|
329 | |
|
|
330 | # then use it |
|
|
331 | configure profile => "seed"; |
|
|
332 | |
|
|
333 | # or simply use aemp from the shell again: |
|
|
334 | # aemp run profile seed |
|
|
335 | |
|
|
336 | # or provide a nicer-to-remember nodeid |
|
|
337 | # aemp run profile seed nodeid "$(hostname)" |
254 | |
338 | |
255 | =item $SELF |
339 | =item $SELF |
256 | |
340 | |
257 | Contains the current port id while executing C<rcv> callbacks or C<psub> |
341 | Contains the current port id while executing C<rcv> callbacks or C<psub> |
258 | blocks. |
342 | blocks. |
259 | |
343 | |
260 | =item SELF, %SELF, @SELF... |
344 | =item *SELF, SELF, %SELF, @SELF... |
261 | |
345 | |
262 | Due to some quirks in how perl exports variables, it is impossible to |
346 | Due to some quirks in how perl exports variables, it is impossible to |
263 | just export C<$SELF>, all the symbols called C<SELF> are exported by this |
347 | just export C<$SELF>, all the symbols named C<SELF> are exported by this |
264 | module, but only C<$SELF> is currently used. |
348 | module, but only C<$SELF> is currently used. |
265 | |
349 | |
266 | =item snd $port, type => @data |
350 | =item snd $port, type => @data |
267 | |
351 | |
268 | =item snd $port, @msg |
352 | =item snd $port, @msg |
269 | |
353 | |
270 | Send the given message to the given port ID, which can identify either |
354 | Send the given message to the given port, which can identify either a |
271 | a local or a remote port, and can be either a string or soemthignt hat |
355 | local or a remote port, and must be a port ID. |
272 | stringifies a sa port ID (such as a port object :). |
|
|
273 | |
356 | |
274 | While the message can be about anything, it is highly recommended to use a |
357 | While the message can be almost anything, it is highly recommended to |
275 | string as first element (a portid, or some word that indicates a request |
358 | use a string as first element (a port ID, or some word that indicates a |
276 | type etc.). |
359 | request type etc.) and to consist if only simple perl values (scalars, |
|
|
360 | arrays, hashes) - if you think you need to pass an object, think again. |
277 | |
361 | |
278 | The message data effectively becomes read-only after a call to this |
362 | The message data logically becomes read-only after a call to this |
279 | function: modifying any argument is not allowed and can cause many |
363 | function: modifying any argument (or values referenced by them) is |
280 | problems. |
364 | forbidden, as there can be considerable time between the call to C<snd> |
|
|
365 | and the time the message is actually being serialised - in fact, it might |
|
|
366 | never be copied as within the same process it is simply handed to the |
|
|
367 | receiving port. |
281 | |
368 | |
282 | The type of data you can transfer depends on the transport protocol: when |
369 | The type of data you can transfer depends on the transport protocol: when |
283 | JSON is used, then only strings, numbers and arrays and hashes consisting |
370 | JSON is used, then only strings, numbers and arrays and hashes consisting |
284 | of those are allowed (no objects). When Storable is used, then anything |
371 | of those are allowed (no objects). When Storable is used, then anything |
285 | that Storable can serialise and deserialise is allowed, and for the local |
372 | that Storable can serialise and deserialise is allowed, and for the local |
286 | node, anything can be passed. |
373 | node, anything can be passed. Best rely only on the common denominator of |
|
|
374 | these. |
287 | |
375 | |
288 | =item $local_port = port |
376 | =item $local_port = port |
289 | |
377 | |
290 | Create a new local port object that can be used either as a pattern |
378 | Create a new local port object and returns its port ID. Initially it has |
291 | matching port ("full port") or a single-callback port ("miniport"), |
379 | no callbacks set and will throw an error when it receives messages. |
292 | depending on how C<rcv> callbacks are bound to the object. |
|
|
293 | |
380 | |
294 | =item $port = port { my @msg = @_; $finished } |
381 | =item $local_port = port { my @msg = @_ } |
295 | |
382 | |
296 | Creates a "miniport", that is, a very lightweight port without any pattern |
383 | Creates a new local port, and returns its ID. Semantically the same as |
297 | matching behind it, and returns its ID. Semantically the same as creating |
|
|
298 | a port and calling C<rcv $port, $callback> on it. |
384 | creating a port and calling C<rcv $port, $callback> on it. |
299 | |
385 | |
300 | The block will be called for every message received on the port. When the |
386 | The block will be called for every message received on the port, with the |
301 | callback returns a true value its job is considered "done" and the port |
387 | global variable C<$SELF> set to the port ID. Runtime errors will cause the |
302 | will be destroyed. Otherwise it will stay alive. |
388 | port to be C<kil>ed. The message will be passed as-is, no extra argument |
|
|
389 | (i.e. no port ID) will be passed to the callback. |
303 | |
390 | |
304 | The message will be passed as-is, no extra argument (i.e. no port id) will |
391 | If you want to stop/destroy the port, simply C<kil> it: |
305 | be passed to the callback. |
|
|
306 | |
392 | |
307 | If you need the local port id in the callback, this works nicely: |
393 | my $port = port { |
308 | |
394 | my @msg = @_; |
309 | my $port; $port = port { |
395 | ... |
310 | snd $otherport, reply => $port; |
396 | kil $SELF; |
311 | }; |
397 | }; |
312 | |
398 | |
313 | =cut |
399 | =cut |
314 | |
400 | |
315 | sub rcv($@); |
401 | sub rcv($@); |
316 | |
402 | |
|
|
403 | my $KILME = sub { |
|
|
404 | (my $tag = substr $_[0], 0, 30) =~ s/([\x20-\x7e])/./g; |
|
|
405 | kil $SELF, unhandled_message => "no callback found for message '$tag'"; |
|
|
406 | }; |
|
|
407 | |
317 | sub port(;&) { |
408 | sub port(;&) { |
318 | my $id = "$UNIQ." . $ID++; |
409 | my $id = $UNIQ . ++$ID; |
319 | my $port = "$NODE#$id"; |
410 | my $port = "$NODE#$id"; |
320 | |
411 | |
321 | if (@_) { |
|
|
322 | rcv $port, shift; |
412 | rcv $port, shift || $KILME; |
323 | } else { |
|
|
324 | $PORT{$id} = sub { }; # nop |
|
|
325 | } |
|
|
326 | |
413 | |
327 | $port |
414 | $port |
328 | } |
415 | } |
329 | |
416 | |
330 | =item reg $port, $name |
|
|
331 | |
|
|
332 | =item reg $name |
|
|
333 | |
|
|
334 | Registers the given port (or C<$SELF><<< if missing) under the name |
|
|
335 | C<$name>. If the name already exists it is replaced. |
|
|
336 | |
|
|
337 | A port can only be registered under one well known name. |
|
|
338 | |
|
|
339 | A port automatically becomes unregistered when it is killed. |
|
|
340 | |
|
|
341 | =cut |
|
|
342 | |
|
|
343 | sub reg(@) { |
|
|
344 | my $port = @_ > 1 ? shift : $SELF || Carp::croak 'reg: called with one argument only, but $SELF not set,'; |
|
|
345 | |
|
|
346 | $REG{$_[0]} = $port; |
|
|
347 | } |
|
|
348 | |
|
|
349 | =item rcv $port, $callback->(@msg) |
417 | =item rcv $local_port, $callback->(@msg) |
350 | |
418 | |
351 | Replaces the callback on the specified miniport (after converting it to |
419 | Replaces the default callback on the specified port. There is no way to |
352 | one if required). |
420 | remove the default callback: use C<sub { }> to disable it, or better |
353 | |
421 | C<kil> the port when it is no longer needed. |
354 | =item rcv $port, tagstring => $callback->(@msg), ... |
|
|
355 | |
|
|
356 | =item rcv $port, $smartmatch => $callback->(@msg), ... |
|
|
357 | |
|
|
358 | =item rcv $port, [$smartmatch...] => $callback->(@msg), ... |
|
|
359 | |
|
|
360 | Register callbacks to be called on matching messages on the given full |
|
|
361 | port (after converting it to one if required) and return the port. |
|
|
362 | |
|
|
363 | The callback has to return a true value when its work is done, after |
|
|
364 | which is will be removed, or a false value in which case it will stay |
|
|
365 | registered. |
|
|
366 | |
422 | |
367 | The global C<$SELF> (exported by this module) contains C<$port> while |
423 | The global C<$SELF> (exported by this module) contains C<$port> while |
368 | executing the callback. |
424 | executing the callback. Runtime errors during callback execution will |
|
|
425 | result in the port being C<kil>ed. |
369 | |
426 | |
370 | Runtime errors during callback execution will result in the port being |
427 | The default callback receives all messages not matched by a more specific |
371 | C<kil>ed. |
428 | C<tag> match. |
372 | |
429 | |
373 | If the match is an array reference, then it will be matched against the |
430 | =item rcv $local_port, tag => $callback->(@msg_without_tag), ... |
374 | first elements of the message, otherwise only the first element is being |
|
|
375 | matched. |
|
|
376 | |
431 | |
377 | Any element in the match that is specified as C<_any_> (a function |
432 | Register (or replace) callbacks to be called on messages starting with the |
378 | exported by this module) matches any single element of the message. |
433 | given tag on the given port (and return the port), or unregister it (when |
|
|
434 | C<$callback> is C<$undef> or missing). There can only be one callback |
|
|
435 | registered for each tag. |
379 | |
436 | |
380 | While not required, it is highly recommended that the first matching |
437 | The original message will be passed to the callback, after the first |
381 | element is a string identifying the message. The one-string-only match is |
438 | element (the tag) has been removed. The callback will use the same |
382 | also the most efficient match (by far). |
439 | environment as the default callback (see above). |
383 | |
440 | |
384 | Example: create a port and bind receivers on it in one go. |
441 | Example: create a port and bind receivers on it in one go. |
385 | |
442 | |
386 | my $port = rcv port, |
443 | my $port = rcv port, |
387 | msg1 => sub { ...; 0 }, |
444 | msg1 => sub { ... }, |
388 | msg2 => sub { ...; 0 }, |
445 | msg2 => sub { ... }, |
389 | ; |
446 | ; |
390 | |
447 | |
391 | Example: create a port, bind receivers and send it in a message elsewhere |
448 | Example: create a port, bind receivers and send it in a message elsewhere |
392 | in one go: |
449 | in one go: |
393 | |
450 | |
394 | snd $otherport, reply => |
451 | snd $otherport, reply => |
395 | rcv port, |
452 | rcv port, |
396 | msg1 => sub { ...; 0 }, |
453 | msg1 => sub { ... }, |
397 | ... |
454 | ... |
398 | ; |
455 | ; |
399 | |
456 | |
|
|
457 | Example: temporarily register a rcv callback for a tag matching some port |
|
|
458 | (e.g. for an rpc reply) and unregister it after a message was received. |
|
|
459 | |
|
|
460 | rcv $port, $otherport => sub { |
|
|
461 | my @reply = @_; |
|
|
462 | |
|
|
463 | rcv $SELF, $otherport; |
|
|
464 | }; |
|
|
465 | |
400 | =cut |
466 | =cut |
401 | |
467 | |
402 | sub rcv($@) { |
468 | sub rcv($@) { |
403 | my $port = shift; |
469 | my $port = shift; |
404 | my ($noderef, $portid) = split /#/, $port, 2; |
470 | my ($nodeid, $portid) = split /#/, $port, 2; |
405 | |
471 | |
406 | ($NODE{$noderef} || add_node $noderef) == $NODE{""} |
472 | $NODE{$nodeid} == $NODE{""} |
407 | or Carp::croak "$port: rcv can only be called on local ports, caught"; |
473 | or Carp::croak "$port: rcv can only be called on local ports, caught"; |
408 | |
474 | |
409 | if (@_ == 1) { |
475 | while (@_) { |
|
|
476 | if (ref $_[0]) { |
|
|
477 | if (my $self = $PORT_DATA{$portid}) { |
|
|
478 | "AnyEvent::MP::Port" eq ref $self |
|
|
479 | or Carp::croak "$port: rcv can only be called on message matching ports, caught"; |
|
|
480 | |
|
|
481 | $self->[0] = shift; |
|
|
482 | } else { |
410 | my $cb = shift; |
483 | my $cb = shift; |
411 | delete $PORT_DATA{$portid}; |
|
|
412 | $PORT{$portid} = sub { |
484 | $PORT{$portid} = sub { |
413 | local $SELF = $port; |
485 | local $SELF = $port; |
414 | eval { |
486 | eval { &$cb }; _self_die if $@; |
415 | &$cb |
487 | }; |
416 | and kil $port; |
|
|
417 | }; |
488 | } |
418 | _self_die if $@; |
489 | } elsif (defined $_[0]) { |
419 | }; |
|
|
420 | } else { |
|
|
421 | my $self = $PORT_DATA{$portid} ||= do { |
490 | my $self = $PORT_DATA{$portid} ||= do { |
422 | my $self = bless { |
491 | my $self = bless [$PORT{$portid} || sub { }, { }, $port], "AnyEvent::MP::Port"; |
423 | id => $port, |
|
|
424 | }, "AnyEvent::MP::Port"; |
|
|
425 | |
492 | |
426 | $PORT{$portid} = sub { |
493 | $PORT{$portid} = sub { |
427 | local $SELF = $port; |
494 | local $SELF = $port; |
428 | |
495 | |
429 | eval { |
|
|
430 | for (@{ $self->{rc0}{$_[0]} }) { |
496 | if (my $cb = $self->[1]{$_[0]}) { |
431 | $_ && &{$_->[0]} |
497 | shift; |
432 | && undef $_; |
498 | eval { &$cb }; _self_die if $@; |
433 | } |
499 | } else { |
434 | |
|
|
435 | for (@{ $self->{rcv}{$_[0]} }) { |
|
|
436 | $_ && [@_[1 .. @{$_->[1]}]] ~~ $_->[1] |
|
|
437 | && &{$_->[0]} |
500 | &{ $self->[0] }; |
438 | && undef $_; |
|
|
439 | } |
|
|
440 | |
|
|
441 | for (@{ $self->{any} }) { |
|
|
442 | $_ && [@_[0 .. $#{$_->[1]}]] ~~ $_->[1] |
|
|
443 | && &{$_->[0]} |
|
|
444 | && undef $_; |
|
|
445 | } |
501 | } |
446 | }; |
502 | }; |
447 | _self_die if $@; |
503 | |
|
|
504 | $self |
448 | }; |
505 | }; |
449 | |
506 | |
450 | $self |
|
|
451 | }; |
|
|
452 | |
|
|
453 | "AnyEvent::MP::Port" eq ref $self |
507 | "AnyEvent::MP::Port" eq ref $self |
454 | or Carp::croak "$port: rcv can only be called on message matching ports, caught"; |
508 | or Carp::croak "$port: rcv can only be called on message matching ports, caught"; |
455 | |
509 | |
456 | while (@_) { |
|
|
457 | my ($match, $cb) = splice @_, 0, 2; |
510 | my ($tag, $cb) = splice @_, 0, 2; |
458 | |
511 | |
459 | if (!ref $match) { |
512 | if (defined $cb) { |
460 | push @{ $self->{rc0}{$match} }, [$cb]; |
513 | $self->[1]{$tag} = $cb; |
461 | } elsif (("ARRAY" eq ref $match && !ref $match->[0])) { |
|
|
462 | my ($type, @match) = @$match; |
|
|
463 | @match |
|
|
464 | ? push @{ $self->{rcv}{$match->[0]} }, [$cb, \@match] |
|
|
465 | : push @{ $self->{rc0}{$match->[0]} }, [$cb]; |
|
|
466 | } else { |
514 | } else { |
467 | push @{ $self->{any} }, [$cb, $match]; |
515 | delete $self->[1]{$tag}; |
468 | } |
516 | } |
469 | } |
517 | } |
470 | } |
518 | } |
471 | |
519 | |
472 | $port |
520 | $port |
473 | } |
521 | } |
474 | |
522 | |
|
|
523 | =item peval $port, $coderef[, @args] |
|
|
524 | |
|
|
525 | Evaluates the given C<$codref> within the contetx of C<$port>, that is, |
|
|
526 | when the code throews an exception the C<$port> will be killed. |
|
|
527 | |
|
|
528 | Any remaining args will be passed to the callback. Any return values will |
|
|
529 | be returned to the caller. |
|
|
530 | |
|
|
531 | This is useful when you temporarily want to execute code in the context of |
|
|
532 | a port. |
|
|
533 | |
|
|
534 | Example: create a port and run some initialisation code in it's context. |
|
|
535 | |
|
|
536 | my $port = port { ... }; |
|
|
537 | |
|
|
538 | peval $port, sub { |
|
|
539 | init |
|
|
540 | or die "unable to init"; |
|
|
541 | }; |
|
|
542 | |
|
|
543 | =cut |
|
|
544 | |
|
|
545 | sub peval($$) { |
|
|
546 | local $SELF = shift; |
|
|
547 | my $cb = shift; |
|
|
548 | |
|
|
549 | if (wantarray) { |
|
|
550 | my @res = eval { &$cb }; |
|
|
551 | _self_die if $@; |
|
|
552 | @res |
|
|
553 | } else { |
|
|
554 | my $res = eval { &$cb }; |
|
|
555 | _self_die if $@; |
|
|
556 | $res |
|
|
557 | } |
|
|
558 | } |
|
|
559 | |
475 | =item $closure = psub { BLOCK } |
560 | =item $closure = psub { BLOCK } |
476 | |
561 | |
477 | Remembers C<$SELF> and creates a closure out of the BLOCK. When the |
562 | Remembers C<$SELF> and creates a closure out of the BLOCK. When the |
478 | closure is executed, sets up the environment in the same way as in C<rcv> |
563 | closure is executed, sets up the environment in the same way as in C<rcv> |
479 | callbacks, i.e. runtime errors will cause the port to get C<kil>ed. |
564 | callbacks, i.e. runtime errors will cause the port to get C<kil>ed. |
|
|
565 | |
|
|
566 | The effect is basically as if it returned C<< sub { peval $SELF, sub { |
|
|
567 | BLOCK }, @_ } >>. |
480 | |
568 | |
481 | This is useful when you register callbacks from C<rcv> callbacks: |
569 | This is useful when you register callbacks from C<rcv> callbacks: |
482 | |
570 | |
483 | rcv delayed_reply => sub { |
571 | rcv delayed_reply => sub { |
484 | my ($delay, @reply) = @_; |
572 | my ($delay, @reply) = @_; |
… | |
… | |
508 | $res |
596 | $res |
509 | } |
597 | } |
510 | } |
598 | } |
511 | } |
599 | } |
512 | |
600 | |
513 | =item $guard = mon $port, $cb->(@reason) |
601 | =item $guard = mon $port, $cb->(@reason) # call $cb when $port dies |
514 | |
602 | |
515 | =item $guard = mon $port, $rcvport |
603 | =item $guard = mon $port, $rcvport # kill $rcvport when $port dies |
516 | |
604 | |
517 | =item $guard = mon $port |
605 | =item $guard = mon $port # kill $SELF when $port dies |
518 | |
606 | |
519 | =item $guard = mon $port, $rcvport, @msg |
607 | =item $guard = mon $port, $rcvport, @msg # send a message when $port dies |
520 | |
608 | |
521 | Monitor the given port and do something when the port is killed or |
609 | Monitor the given port and do something when the port is killed or |
522 | messages to it were lost, and optionally return a guard that can be used |
610 | messages to it were lost, and optionally return a guard that can be used |
523 | to stop monitoring again. |
611 | to stop monitoring again. |
524 | |
|
|
525 | C<mon> effectively guarantees that, in the absence of hardware failures, |
|
|
526 | that after starting the monitor, either all messages sent to the port |
|
|
527 | will arrive, or the monitoring action will be invoked after possible |
|
|
528 | message loss has been detected. No messages will be lost "in between" |
|
|
529 | (after the first lost message no further messages will be received by the |
|
|
530 | port). After the monitoring action was invoked, further messages might get |
|
|
531 | delivered again. |
|
|
532 | |
612 | |
533 | In the first form (callback), the callback is simply called with any |
613 | In the first form (callback), the callback is simply called with any |
534 | number of C<@reason> elements (no @reason means that the port was deleted |
614 | number of C<@reason> elements (no @reason means that the port was deleted |
535 | "normally"). Note also that I<< the callback B<must> never die >>, so use |
615 | "normally"). Note also that I<< the callback B<must> never die >>, so use |
536 | C<eval> if unsure. |
616 | C<eval> if unsure. |
537 | |
617 | |
538 | In the second form (another port given), the other port (C<$rcvport>) |
618 | In the second form (another port given), the other port (C<$rcvport>) |
539 | will be C<kil>'ed with C<@reason>, iff a @reason was specified, i.e. on |
619 | will be C<kil>'ed with C<@reason>, if a @reason was specified, i.e. on |
540 | "normal" kils nothing happens, while under all other conditions, the other |
620 | "normal" kils nothing happens, while under all other conditions, the other |
541 | port is killed with the same reason. |
621 | port is killed with the same reason. |
542 | |
622 | |
543 | The third form (kill self) is the same as the second form, except that |
623 | The third form (kill self) is the same as the second form, except that |
544 | C<$rvport> defaults to C<$SELF>. |
624 | C<$rvport> defaults to C<$SELF>. |
545 | |
625 | |
546 | In the last form (message), a message of the form C<@msg, @reason> will be |
626 | In the last form (message), a message of the form C<@msg, @reason> will be |
547 | C<snd>. |
627 | C<snd>. |
|
|
628 | |
|
|
629 | Monitoring-actions are one-shot: once messages are lost (and a monitoring |
|
|
630 | alert was raised), they are removed and will not trigger again. |
548 | |
631 | |
549 | As a rule of thumb, monitoring requests should always monitor a port from |
632 | As a rule of thumb, monitoring requests should always monitor a port from |
550 | a local port (or callback). The reason is that kill messages might get |
633 | a local port (or callback). The reason is that kill messages might get |
551 | lost, just like any other message. Another less obvious reason is that |
634 | lost, just like any other message. Another less obvious reason is that |
552 | even monitoring requests can get lost (for exmaple, when the connection |
635 | even monitoring requests can get lost (for example, when the connection |
553 | to the other node goes down permanently). When monitoring a port locally |
636 | to the other node goes down permanently). When monitoring a port locally |
554 | these problems do not exist. |
637 | these problems do not exist. |
555 | |
638 | |
|
|
639 | C<mon> effectively guarantees that, in the absence of hardware failures, |
|
|
640 | after starting the monitor, either all messages sent to the port will |
|
|
641 | arrive, or the monitoring action will be invoked after possible message |
|
|
642 | loss has been detected. No messages will be lost "in between" (after |
|
|
643 | the first lost message no further messages will be received by the |
|
|
644 | port). After the monitoring action was invoked, further messages might get |
|
|
645 | delivered again. |
|
|
646 | |
|
|
647 | Inter-host-connection timeouts and monitoring depend on the transport |
|
|
648 | used. The only transport currently implemented is TCP, and AnyEvent::MP |
|
|
649 | relies on TCP to detect node-downs (this can take 10-15 minutes on a |
|
|
650 | non-idle connection, and usually around two hours for idle connections). |
|
|
651 | |
|
|
652 | This means that monitoring is good for program errors and cleaning up |
|
|
653 | stuff eventually, but they are no replacement for a timeout when you need |
|
|
654 | to ensure some maximum latency. |
|
|
655 | |
556 | Example: call a given callback when C<$port> is killed. |
656 | Example: call a given callback when C<$port> is killed. |
557 | |
657 | |
558 | mon $port, sub { warn "port died because of <@_>\n" }; |
658 | mon $port, sub { warn "port died because of <@_>\n" }; |
559 | |
659 | |
560 | Example: kill ourselves when C<$port> is killed abnormally. |
660 | Example: kill ourselves when C<$port> is killed abnormally. |
… | |
… | |
566 | mon $port, $self => "restart"; |
666 | mon $port, $self => "restart"; |
567 | |
667 | |
568 | =cut |
668 | =cut |
569 | |
669 | |
570 | sub mon { |
670 | sub mon { |
571 | my ($noderef, $port) = split /#/, shift, 2; |
671 | my ($nodeid, $port) = split /#/, shift, 2; |
572 | |
672 | |
573 | my $node = $NODE{$noderef} || add_node $noderef; |
673 | my $node = $NODE{$nodeid} || add_node $nodeid; |
574 | |
674 | |
575 | my $cb = @_ ? shift : $SELF || Carp::croak 'mon: called with one argument only, but $SELF not set,'; |
675 | my $cb = @_ ? shift : $SELF || Carp::croak 'mon: called with one argument only, but $SELF not set,'; |
576 | |
676 | |
577 | unless (ref $cb) { |
677 | unless (ref $cb) { |
578 | if (@_) { |
678 | if (@_) { |
… | |
… | |
587 | } |
687 | } |
588 | |
688 | |
589 | $node->monitor ($port, $cb); |
689 | $node->monitor ($port, $cb); |
590 | |
690 | |
591 | defined wantarray |
691 | defined wantarray |
592 | and AnyEvent::Util::guard { $node->unmonitor ($port, $cb) } |
692 | and ($cb += 0, Guard::guard { $node->unmonitor ($port, $cb) }) |
593 | } |
693 | } |
594 | |
694 | |
595 | =item $guard = mon_guard $port, $ref, $ref... |
695 | =item $guard = mon_guard $port, $ref, $ref... |
596 | |
696 | |
597 | Monitors the given C<$port> and keeps the passed references. When the port |
697 | Monitors the given C<$port> and keeps the passed references. When the port |
598 | is killed, the references will be freed. |
698 | is killed, the references will be freed. |
599 | |
699 | |
600 | Optionally returns a guard that will stop the monitoring. |
700 | Optionally returns a guard that will stop the monitoring. |
601 | |
701 | |
602 | This function is useful when you create e.g. timers or other watchers and |
702 | This function is useful when you create e.g. timers or other watchers and |
603 | want to free them when the port gets killed: |
703 | want to free them when the port gets killed (note the use of C<psub>): |
604 | |
704 | |
605 | $port->rcv (start => sub { |
705 | $port->rcv (start => sub { |
606 | my $timer; $timer = mon_guard $port, AE::timer 1, 1, sub { |
706 | my $timer; $timer = mon_guard $port, AE::timer 1, 1, psub { |
607 | undef $timer if 0.9 < rand; |
707 | undef $timer if 0.9 < rand; |
608 | }); |
708 | }); |
609 | }); |
709 | }); |
610 | |
710 | |
611 | =cut |
711 | =cut |
… | |
… | |
620 | |
720 | |
621 | =item kil $port[, @reason] |
721 | =item kil $port[, @reason] |
622 | |
722 | |
623 | Kill the specified port with the given C<@reason>. |
723 | Kill the specified port with the given C<@reason>. |
624 | |
724 | |
625 | If no C<@reason> is specified, then the port is killed "normally" (linked |
725 | If no C<@reason> is specified, then the port is killed "normally" - |
626 | ports will not be kileld, or even notified). |
726 | monitor callback will be invoked, but the kil will not cause linked ports |
|
|
727 | (C<mon $mport, $lport> form) to get killed. |
627 | |
728 | |
628 | Otherwise, linked ports get killed with the same reason (second form of |
729 | If a C<@reason> is specified, then linked ports (C<mon $mport, $lport> |
629 | C<mon>, see below). |
730 | form) get killed with the same reason. |
630 | |
731 | |
631 | Runtime errors while evaluating C<rcv> callbacks or inside C<psub> blocks |
732 | Runtime errors while evaluating C<rcv> callbacks or inside C<psub> blocks |
632 | will be reported as reason C<< die => $@ >>. |
733 | will be reported as reason C<< die => $@ >>. |
633 | |
734 | |
634 | Transport/communication errors are reported as C<< transport_error => |
735 | Transport/communication errors are reported as C<< transport_error => |
635 | $message >>. |
736 | $message >>. |
636 | |
737 | |
637 | =cut |
738 | Common idioms: |
|
|
739 | |
|
|
740 | # silently remove yourself, do not kill linked ports |
|
|
741 | kil $SELF; |
|
|
742 | |
|
|
743 | # report a failure in some detail |
|
|
744 | kil $SELF, failure_mode_1 => "it failed with too high temperature"; |
|
|
745 | |
|
|
746 | # do not waste much time with killing, just die when something goes wrong |
|
|
747 | open my $fh, "<file" |
|
|
748 | or die "file: $!"; |
638 | |
749 | |
639 | =item $port = spawn $node, $initfunc[, @initdata] |
750 | =item $port = spawn $node, $initfunc[, @initdata] |
640 | |
751 | |
641 | Creates a port on the node C<$node> (which can also be a port ID, in which |
752 | Creates a port on the node C<$node> (which can also be a port ID, in which |
642 | case it's the node where that port resides). |
753 | case it's the node where that port resides). |
643 | |
754 | |
644 | The port ID of the newly created port is return immediately, and it is |
755 | The port ID of the newly created port is returned immediately, and it is |
645 | permissible to immediately start sending messages or monitor the port. |
756 | possible to immediately start sending messages or to monitor the port. |
646 | |
757 | |
647 | After the port has been created, the init function is |
758 | After the port has been created, the init function is called on the remote |
648 | called. This function must be a fully-qualified function name |
759 | node, in the same context as a C<rcv> callback. This function must be a |
649 | (e.g. C<MyApp::Chat::Server::init>). To specify a function in the main |
760 | fully-qualified function name (e.g. C<MyApp::Chat::Server::init>). To |
650 | program, use C<::name>. |
761 | specify a function in the main program, use C<::name>. |
651 | |
762 | |
652 | If the function doesn't exist, then the node tries to C<require> |
763 | If the function doesn't exist, then the node tries to C<require> |
653 | the package, then the package above the package and so on (e.g. |
764 | the package, then the package above the package and so on (e.g. |
654 | C<MyApp::Chat::Server>, C<MyApp::Chat>, C<MyApp>) until the function |
765 | C<MyApp::Chat::Server>, C<MyApp::Chat>, C<MyApp>) until the function |
655 | exists or it runs out of package names. |
766 | exists or it runs out of package names. |
656 | |
767 | |
657 | The init function is then called with the newly-created port as context |
768 | The init function is then called with the newly-created port as context |
658 | object (C<$SELF>) and the C<@initdata> values as arguments. |
769 | object (C<$SELF>) and the C<@initdata> values as arguments. It I<must> |
|
|
770 | call one of the C<rcv> functions to set callbacks on C<$SELF>, otherwise |
|
|
771 | the port might not get created. |
659 | |
772 | |
660 | A common idiom is to pass your own port, monitor the spawned port, and |
773 | A common idiom is to pass a local port, immediately monitor the spawned |
661 | in the init function, monitor the original port. This two-way monitoring |
774 | port, and in the remote init function, immediately monitor the passed |
662 | ensures that both ports get cleaned up when there is a problem. |
775 | local port. This two-way monitoring ensures that both ports get cleaned up |
|
|
776 | when there is a problem. |
|
|
777 | |
|
|
778 | C<spawn> guarantees that the C<$initfunc> has no visible effects on the |
|
|
779 | caller before C<spawn> returns (by delaying invocation when spawn is |
|
|
780 | called for the local node). |
663 | |
781 | |
664 | Example: spawn a chat server port on C<$othernode>. |
782 | Example: spawn a chat server port on C<$othernode>. |
665 | |
783 | |
666 | # this node, executed from within a port context: |
784 | # this node, executed from within a port context: |
667 | my $server = spawn $othernode, "MyApp::Chat::Server::connect", $SELF; |
785 | my $server = spawn $othernode, "MyApp::Chat::Server::connect", $SELF; |
… | |
… | |
682 | |
800 | |
683 | sub _spawn { |
801 | sub _spawn { |
684 | my $port = shift; |
802 | my $port = shift; |
685 | my $init = shift; |
803 | my $init = shift; |
686 | |
804 | |
|
|
805 | # rcv will create the actual port |
687 | local $SELF = "$NODE#$port"; |
806 | local $SELF = "$NODE#$port"; |
688 | eval { |
807 | eval { |
689 | &{ load_func $init } |
808 | &{ load_func $init } |
690 | }; |
809 | }; |
691 | _self_die if $@; |
810 | _self_die if $@; |
692 | } |
811 | } |
693 | |
812 | |
694 | sub spawn(@) { |
813 | sub spawn(@) { |
695 | my ($noderef, undef) = split /#/, shift, 2; |
814 | my ($nodeid, undef) = split /#/, shift, 2; |
696 | |
815 | |
697 | my $id = "$RUNIQ." . $ID++; |
816 | my $id = $RUNIQ . ++$ID; |
698 | |
817 | |
699 | $_[0] =~ /::/ |
818 | $_[0] =~ /::/ |
700 | or Carp::croak "spawn init function must be a fully-qualified name, caught"; |
819 | or Carp::croak "spawn init function must be a fully-qualified name, caught"; |
701 | |
820 | |
702 | ($NODE{$noderef} || add_node $noderef) |
821 | snd_to_func $nodeid, "AnyEvent::MP::_spawn" => $id, @_; |
703 | ->send (["", "AnyEvent::MP::_spawn" => $id, @_]); |
|
|
704 | |
822 | |
705 | "$noderef#$id" |
823 | "$nodeid#$id" |
706 | } |
824 | } |
707 | |
825 | |
|
|
826 | |
|
|
827 | =item after $timeout, @msg |
|
|
828 | |
|
|
829 | =item after $timeout, $callback |
|
|
830 | |
|
|
831 | Either sends the given message, or call the given callback, after the |
|
|
832 | specified number of seconds. |
|
|
833 | |
|
|
834 | This is simply a utility function that comes in handy at times - the |
|
|
835 | AnyEvent::MP author is not convinced of the wisdom of having it, though, |
|
|
836 | so it may go away in the future. |
|
|
837 | |
|
|
838 | =cut |
|
|
839 | |
|
|
840 | sub after($@) { |
|
|
841 | my ($timeout, @action) = @_; |
|
|
842 | |
|
|
843 | my $t; $t = AE::timer $timeout, 0, sub { |
|
|
844 | undef $t; |
|
|
845 | ref $action[0] |
|
|
846 | ? $action[0]() |
|
|
847 | : snd @action; |
|
|
848 | }; |
|
|
849 | } |
|
|
850 | |
|
|
851 | #=item $cb2 = timeout $seconds, $cb[, @args] |
|
|
852 | |
|
|
853 | =item cal $port, @msg, $callback[, $timeout] |
|
|
854 | |
|
|
855 | A simple form of RPC - sends a message to the given C<$port> with the |
|
|
856 | given contents (C<@msg>), but adds a reply port to the message. |
|
|
857 | |
|
|
858 | The reply port is created temporarily just for the purpose of receiving |
|
|
859 | the reply, and will be C<kil>ed when no longer needed. |
|
|
860 | |
|
|
861 | A reply message sent to the port is passed to the C<$callback> as-is. |
|
|
862 | |
|
|
863 | If an optional time-out (in seconds) is given and it is not C<undef>, |
|
|
864 | then the callback will be called without any arguments after the time-out |
|
|
865 | elapsed and the port is C<kil>ed. |
|
|
866 | |
|
|
867 | If no time-out is given (or it is C<undef>), then the local port will |
|
|
868 | monitor the remote port instead, so it eventually gets cleaned-up. |
|
|
869 | |
|
|
870 | Currently this function returns the temporary port, but this "feature" |
|
|
871 | might go in future versions unless you can make a convincing case that |
|
|
872 | this is indeed useful for something. |
|
|
873 | |
|
|
874 | =cut |
|
|
875 | |
|
|
876 | sub cal(@) { |
|
|
877 | my $timeout = ref $_[-1] ? undef : pop; |
|
|
878 | my $cb = pop; |
|
|
879 | |
|
|
880 | my $port = port { |
|
|
881 | undef $timeout; |
|
|
882 | kil $SELF; |
|
|
883 | &$cb; |
|
|
884 | }; |
|
|
885 | |
|
|
886 | if (defined $timeout) { |
|
|
887 | $timeout = AE::timer $timeout, 0, sub { |
|
|
888 | undef $timeout; |
|
|
889 | kil $port; |
|
|
890 | $cb->(); |
|
|
891 | }; |
|
|
892 | } else { |
|
|
893 | mon $_[0], sub { |
|
|
894 | kil $port; |
|
|
895 | $cb->(); |
|
|
896 | }; |
|
|
897 | } |
|
|
898 | |
|
|
899 | push @_, $port; |
|
|
900 | &snd; |
|
|
901 | |
|
|
902 | $port |
|
|
903 | } |
|
|
904 | |
708 | =back |
905 | =back |
709 | |
906 | |
710 | =head1 NODE MESSAGES |
907 | =head1 DISTRIBUTED DATABASE |
711 | |
908 | |
712 | Nodes understand the following messages sent to them. Many of them take |
909 | AnyEvent::MP comes with a simple distributed database. The database will |
713 | arguments called C<@reply>, which will simply be used to compose a reply |
910 | be mirrored asynchronously on all global nodes. Other nodes bind to one |
714 | message - C<$reply[0]> is the port to reply to, C<$reply[1]> the type and |
911 | of the global nodes for their needs. Every node has a "local database" |
715 | the remaining arguments are simply the message data. |
912 | which contains all the values that are set locally. All local databases |
|
|
913 | are merged together to form the global database, which can be queried. |
716 | |
914 | |
717 | While other messages exist, they are not public and subject to change. |
915 | The database structure is that of a two-level hash - the database hash |
|
|
916 | contains hashes which contain values, similarly to a perl hash of hashes, |
|
|
917 | i.e.: |
718 | |
918 | |
|
|
919 | $DATABASE{$family}{$subkey} = $value |
|
|
920 | |
|
|
921 | The top level hash key is called "family", and the second-level hash key |
|
|
922 | is called "subkey" or simply "key". |
|
|
923 | |
|
|
924 | The family must be alphanumeric, i.e. start with a letter and consist |
|
|
925 | of letters, digits, underscores and colons (C<[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9_:]*>, |
|
|
926 | pretty much like Perl module names. |
|
|
927 | |
|
|
928 | As the family namespace is global, it is recommended to prefix family names |
|
|
929 | with the name of the application or module using it. |
|
|
930 | |
|
|
931 | The subkeys must be non-empty strings, with no further restrictions. |
|
|
932 | |
|
|
933 | The values should preferably be strings, but other perl scalars should |
|
|
934 | work as well (such as C<undef>, arrays and hashes). |
|
|
935 | |
|
|
936 | Every database entry is owned by one node - adding the same family/subkey |
|
|
937 | combination on multiple nodes will not cause discomfort for AnyEvent::MP, |
|
|
938 | but the result might be nondeterministic, i.e. the key might have |
|
|
939 | different values on different nodes. |
|
|
940 | |
|
|
941 | Different subkeys in the same family can be owned by different nodes |
|
|
942 | without problems, and in fact, this is the common method to create worker |
|
|
943 | pools. For example, a worker port for image scaling might do this: |
|
|
944 | |
|
|
945 | db_set my_image_scalers => $port; |
|
|
946 | |
|
|
947 | And clients looking for an image scaler will want to get the |
|
|
948 | C<my_image_scalers> keys from time to time: |
|
|
949 | |
|
|
950 | db_keys my_image_scalers => sub { |
|
|
951 | @ports = @{ $_[0] }; |
|
|
952 | }; |
|
|
953 | |
|
|
954 | Or better yet, they want to monitor the database family, so they always |
|
|
955 | have a reasonable up-to-date copy: |
|
|
956 | |
|
|
957 | db_mon my_image_scalers => sub { |
|
|
958 | @ports = keys %{ $_[0] }; |
|
|
959 | }; |
|
|
960 | |
|
|
961 | In general, you can set or delete single subkeys, but query and monitor |
|
|
962 | whole families only. |
|
|
963 | |
|
|
964 | If you feel the need to monitor or query a single subkey, try giving it |
|
|
965 | it's own family. |
|
|
966 | |
719 | =over 4 |
967 | =over |
|
|
968 | |
|
|
969 | =item db_set $family => $subkey [=> $value] |
|
|
970 | |
|
|
971 | Sets (or replaces) a key to the database - if C<$value> is omitted, |
|
|
972 | C<undef> is used instead. |
|
|
973 | |
|
|
974 | =item db_del $family => $subkey... |
|
|
975 | |
|
|
976 | Deletes one or more subkeys from the database family. |
|
|
977 | |
|
|
978 | =item $guard = db_reg $family => $subkey [=> $value] |
|
|
979 | |
|
|
980 | Sets the key on the database and returns a guard. When the guard is |
|
|
981 | destroyed, the key is deleted from the database. If C<$value> is missing, |
|
|
982 | then C<undef> is used. |
|
|
983 | |
|
|
984 | =item db_family $family => $cb->(\%familyhash) |
|
|
985 | |
|
|
986 | Queries the named database C<$family> and call the callback with the |
|
|
987 | family represented as a hash. You can keep and freely modify the hash. |
|
|
988 | |
|
|
989 | =item db_keys $family => $cb->(\@keys) |
|
|
990 | |
|
|
991 | Same as C<db_family>, except it only queries the family I<subkeys> and passes |
|
|
992 | them as array reference to the callback. |
|
|
993 | |
|
|
994 | =item db_values $family => $cb->(\@values) |
|
|
995 | |
|
|
996 | Same as C<db_family>, except it only queries the family I<values> and passes them |
|
|
997 | as array reference to the callback. |
|
|
998 | |
|
|
999 | =item $guard = db_mon $family => $cb->($familyhash, \@added, \@changed, \@deleted) |
|
|
1000 | |
|
|
1001 | Creates a monitor on the given database family. Each time a key is set |
|
|
1002 | or or is deleted the callback is called with a hash containing the |
|
|
1003 | database family and three lists of added, changed and deleted subkeys, |
|
|
1004 | respectively. If no keys have changed then the array reference might be |
|
|
1005 | C<undef> or even missing. |
|
|
1006 | |
|
|
1007 | If not called in void context, a guard object is returned that, when |
|
|
1008 | destroyed, stops the monitor. |
|
|
1009 | |
|
|
1010 | The family hash reference and the key arrays belong to AnyEvent::MP and |
|
|
1011 | B<must not be modified or stored> by the callback. When in doubt, make a |
|
|
1012 | copy. |
|
|
1013 | |
|
|
1014 | As soon as possible after the monitoring starts, the callback will be |
|
|
1015 | called with the intiial contents of the family, even if it is empty, |
|
|
1016 | i.e. there will always be a timely call to the callback with the current |
|
|
1017 | contents. |
|
|
1018 | |
|
|
1019 | It is possible that the callback is called with a change event even though |
|
|
1020 | the subkey is already present and the value has not changed. |
|
|
1021 | |
|
|
1022 | The monitoring stops when the guard object is destroyed. |
|
|
1023 | |
|
|
1024 | Example: on every change to the family "mygroup", print out all keys. |
|
|
1025 | |
|
|
1026 | my $guard = db_mon mygroup => sub { |
|
|
1027 | my ($family, $a, $c, $d) = @_; |
|
|
1028 | print "mygroup members: ", (join " ", keys %$family), "\n"; |
|
|
1029 | }; |
|
|
1030 | |
|
|
1031 | Exmaple: wait until the family "My::Module::workers" is non-empty. |
|
|
1032 | |
|
|
1033 | my $guard; $guard = db_mon My::Module::workers => sub { |
|
|
1034 | my ($family, $a, $c, $d) = @_; |
|
|
1035 | return unless %$family; |
|
|
1036 | undef $guard; |
|
|
1037 | print "My::Module::workers now nonempty\n"; |
|
|
1038 | }; |
|
|
1039 | |
|
|
1040 | Example: print all changes to the family "AnyRvent::Fantasy::Module". |
|
|
1041 | |
|
|
1042 | my $guard = db_mon AnyRvent::Fantasy::Module => sub { |
|
|
1043 | my ($family, $a, $c, $d) = @_; |
|
|
1044 | |
|
|
1045 | print "+$_=$family->{$_}\n" for @$a; |
|
|
1046 | print "*$_=$family->{$_}\n" for @$c; |
|
|
1047 | print "-$_=$family->{$_}\n" for @$d; |
|
|
1048 | }; |
720 | |
1049 | |
721 | =cut |
1050 | =cut |
722 | |
|
|
723 | =item lookup => $name, @reply |
|
|
724 | |
|
|
725 | Replies with the port ID of the specified well-known port, or C<undef>. |
|
|
726 | |
|
|
727 | =item devnull => ... |
|
|
728 | |
|
|
729 | Generic data sink/CPU heat conversion. |
|
|
730 | |
|
|
731 | =item relay => $port, @msg |
|
|
732 | |
|
|
733 | Simply forwards the message to the given port. |
|
|
734 | |
|
|
735 | =item eval => $string[ @reply] |
|
|
736 | |
|
|
737 | Evaluates the given string. If C<@reply> is given, then a message of the |
|
|
738 | form C<@reply, $@, @evalres> is sent. |
|
|
739 | |
|
|
740 | Example: crash another node. |
|
|
741 | |
|
|
742 | snd $othernode, eval => "exit"; |
|
|
743 | |
|
|
744 | =item time => @reply |
|
|
745 | |
|
|
746 | Replies the the current node time to C<@reply>. |
|
|
747 | |
|
|
748 | Example: tell the current node to send the current time to C<$myport> in a |
|
|
749 | C<timereply> message. |
|
|
750 | |
|
|
751 | snd $NODE, time => $myport, timereply => 1, 2; |
|
|
752 | # => snd $myport, timereply => 1, 2, <time> |
|
|
753 | |
1051 | |
754 | =back |
1052 | =back |
755 | |
1053 | |
756 | =head1 AnyEvent::MP vs. Distributed Erlang |
1054 | =head1 AnyEvent::MP vs. Distributed Erlang |
757 | |
1055 | |
758 | AnyEvent::MP got lots of its ideas from distributed Erlang (Erlang node |
1056 | AnyEvent::MP got lots of its ideas from distributed Erlang (Erlang node |
759 | == aemp node, Erlang process == aemp port), so many of the documents and |
1057 | == aemp node, Erlang process == aemp port), so many of the documents and |
760 | programming techniques employed by Erlang apply to AnyEvent::MP. Here is a |
1058 | programming techniques employed by Erlang apply to AnyEvent::MP. Here is a |
761 | sample: |
1059 | sample: |
762 | |
1060 | |
763 | http://www.Erlang.se/doc/programming_rules.shtml |
1061 | http://www.erlang.se/doc/programming_rules.shtml |
764 | http://Erlang.org/doc/getting_started/part_frame.html # chapters 3 and 4 |
1062 | http://erlang.org/doc/getting_started/part_frame.html # chapters 3 and 4 |
765 | http://Erlang.org/download/Erlang-book-part1.pdf # chapters 5 and 6 |
1063 | http://erlang.org/download/erlang-book-part1.pdf # chapters 5 and 6 |
766 | http://Erlang.org/download/armstrong_thesis_2003.pdf # chapters 4 and 5 |
1064 | http://erlang.org/download/armstrong_thesis_2003.pdf # chapters 4 and 5 |
767 | |
1065 | |
768 | Despite the similarities, there are also some important differences: |
1066 | Despite the similarities, there are also some important differences: |
769 | |
1067 | |
770 | =over 4 |
1068 | =over 4 |
771 | |
1069 | |
772 | =item * Node references contain the recipe on how to contact them. |
1070 | =item * Node IDs are arbitrary strings in AEMP. |
773 | |
1071 | |
774 | Erlang relies on special naming and DNS to work everywhere in the |
1072 | Erlang relies on special naming and DNS to work everywhere in the same |
775 | same way. AEMP relies on each node knowing it's own address(es), with |
1073 | way. AEMP relies on each node somehow knowing its own address(es) (e.g. by |
776 | convenience functionality. |
1074 | configuration or DNS), and possibly the addresses of some seed nodes, but |
|
|
1075 | will otherwise discover other nodes (and their IDs) itself. |
777 | |
1076 | |
778 | This means that AEMP requires a less tightly controlled environment at the |
1077 | =item * Erlang has a "remote ports are like local ports" philosophy, AEMP |
779 | cost of longer node references and a slightly higher management overhead. |
1078 | uses "local ports are like remote ports". |
|
|
1079 | |
|
|
1080 | The failure modes for local ports are quite different (runtime errors |
|
|
1081 | only) then for remote ports - when a local port dies, you I<know> it dies, |
|
|
1082 | when a connection to another node dies, you know nothing about the other |
|
|
1083 | port. |
|
|
1084 | |
|
|
1085 | Erlang pretends remote ports are as reliable as local ports, even when |
|
|
1086 | they are not. |
|
|
1087 | |
|
|
1088 | AEMP encourages a "treat remote ports differently" philosophy, with local |
|
|
1089 | ports being the special case/exception, where transport errors cannot |
|
|
1090 | occur. |
780 | |
1091 | |
781 | =item * Erlang uses processes and a mailbox, AEMP does not queue. |
1092 | =item * Erlang uses processes and a mailbox, AEMP does not queue. |
782 | |
1093 | |
783 | Erlang uses processes that selctively receive messages, and therefore |
1094 | Erlang uses processes that selectively receive messages out of order, and |
784 | needs a queue. AEMP is event based, queuing messages would serve no useful |
1095 | therefore needs a queue. AEMP is event based, queuing messages would serve |
785 | purpose. |
1096 | no useful purpose. For the same reason the pattern-matching abilities |
|
|
1097 | of AnyEvent::MP are more limited, as there is little need to be able to |
|
|
1098 | filter messages without dequeuing them. |
786 | |
1099 | |
787 | (But see L<Coro::MP> for a more Erlang-like process model on top of AEMP). |
1100 | This is not a philosophical difference, but simply stems from AnyEvent::MP |
|
|
1101 | being event-based, while Erlang is process-based. |
|
|
1102 | |
|
|
1103 | You cna have a look at L<Coro::MP> for a more Erlang-like process model on |
|
|
1104 | top of AEMP and Coro threads. |
788 | |
1105 | |
789 | =item * Erlang sends are synchronous, AEMP sends are asynchronous. |
1106 | =item * Erlang sends are synchronous, AEMP sends are asynchronous. |
790 | |
1107 | |
791 | Sending messages in Erlang is synchronous and blocks the process. AEMP |
1108 | Sending messages in Erlang is synchronous and blocks the process until |
792 | sends are immediate, connection establishment is handled in the |
1109 | a conenction has been established and the message sent (and so does not |
793 | background. |
1110 | need a queue that can overflow). AEMP sends return immediately, connection |
|
|
1111 | establishment is handled in the background. |
794 | |
1112 | |
795 | =item * Erlang can silently lose messages, AEMP cannot. |
1113 | =item * Erlang suffers from silent message loss, AEMP does not. |
796 | |
1114 | |
797 | Erlang makes few guarantees on messages delivery - messages can get lost |
1115 | Erlang implements few guarantees on messages delivery - messages can get |
798 | without any of the processes realising it (i.e. you send messages a, b, |
1116 | lost without any of the processes realising it (i.e. you send messages a, |
799 | and c, and the other side only receives messages a and c). |
1117 | b, and c, and the other side only receives messages a and c). |
800 | |
1118 | |
801 | AEMP guarantees correct ordering, and the guarantee that there are no |
1119 | AEMP guarantees (modulo hardware errors) correct ordering, and the |
|
|
1120 | guarantee that after one message is lost, all following ones sent to the |
|
|
1121 | same port are lost as well, until monitoring raises an error, so there are |
802 | holes in the message sequence. |
1122 | no silent "holes" in the message sequence. |
803 | |
1123 | |
804 | =item * In Erlang, processes can be declared dead and later be found to be |
1124 | If you want your software to be very reliable, you have to cope with |
805 | alive. |
1125 | corrupted and even out-of-order messages in both Erlang and AEMP. AEMP |
806 | |
1126 | simply tries to work better in common error cases, such as when a network |
807 | In Erlang it can happen that a monitored process is declared dead and |
1127 | link goes down. |
808 | linked processes get killed, but later it turns out that the process is |
|
|
809 | still alive - and can receive messages. |
|
|
810 | |
|
|
811 | In AEMP, when port monitoring detects a port as dead, then that port will |
|
|
812 | eventually be killed - it cannot happen that a node detects a port as dead |
|
|
813 | and then later sends messages to it, finding it is still alive. |
|
|
814 | |
1128 | |
815 | =item * Erlang can send messages to the wrong port, AEMP does not. |
1129 | =item * Erlang can send messages to the wrong port, AEMP does not. |
816 | |
1130 | |
817 | In Erlang it is quite possible that a node that restarts reuses a process |
1131 | In Erlang it is quite likely that a node that restarts reuses an Erlang |
818 | ID known to other nodes for a completely different process, causing |
1132 | process ID known to other nodes for a completely different process, |
819 | messages destined for that process to end up in an unrelated process. |
1133 | causing messages destined for that process to end up in an unrelated |
|
|
1134 | process. |
820 | |
1135 | |
821 | AEMP never reuses port IDs, so old messages or old port IDs floating |
1136 | AEMP does not reuse port IDs, so old messages or old port IDs floating |
822 | around in the network will not be sent to an unrelated port. |
1137 | around in the network will not be sent to an unrelated port. |
823 | |
1138 | |
824 | =item * Erlang uses unprotected connections, AEMP uses secure |
1139 | =item * Erlang uses unprotected connections, AEMP uses secure |
825 | authentication and can use TLS. |
1140 | authentication and can use TLS. |
826 | |
1141 | |
827 | AEMP can use a proven protocol - SSL/TLS - to protect connections and |
1142 | AEMP can use a proven protocol - TLS - to protect connections and |
828 | securely authenticate nodes. |
1143 | securely authenticate nodes. |
829 | |
1144 | |
830 | =item * The AEMP protocol is optimised for both text-based and binary |
1145 | =item * The AEMP protocol is optimised for both text-based and binary |
831 | communications. |
1146 | communications. |
832 | |
1147 | |
833 | The AEMP protocol, unlike the Erlang protocol, supports both |
1148 | The AEMP protocol, unlike the Erlang protocol, supports both programming |
834 | language-independent text-only protocols (good for debugging) and binary, |
1149 | language independent text-only protocols (good for debugging), and binary, |
835 | language-specific serialisers (e.g. Storable). |
1150 | language-specific serialisers (e.g. Storable). By default, unless TLS is |
|
|
1151 | used, the protocol is actually completely text-based. |
836 | |
1152 | |
837 | It has also been carefully designed to be implementable in other languages |
1153 | It has also been carefully designed to be implementable in other languages |
838 | with a minimum of work while gracefully degrading fucntionality to make the |
1154 | with a minimum of work while gracefully degrading functionality to make the |
839 | protocol simple. |
1155 | protocol simple. |
840 | |
1156 | |
841 | =item * AEMP has more flexible monitoring options than Erlang. |
1157 | =item * AEMP has more flexible monitoring options than Erlang. |
842 | |
1158 | |
843 | In Erlang, you can chose to receive I<all> exit signals as messages |
1159 | In Erlang, you can chose to receive I<all> exit signals as messages or |
844 | or I<none>, there is no in-between, so monitoring single processes is |
1160 | I<none>, there is no in-between, so monitoring single Erlang processes is |
845 | difficult to implement. Monitoring in AEMP is more flexible than in |
1161 | difficult to implement. |
846 | Erlang, as one can choose between automatic kill, exit message or callback |
1162 | |
847 | on a per-process basis. |
1163 | Monitoring in AEMP is more flexible than in Erlang, as one can choose |
|
|
1164 | between automatic kill, exit message or callback on a per-port basis. |
848 | |
1165 | |
849 | =item * Erlang tries to hide remote/local connections, AEMP does not. |
1166 | =item * Erlang tries to hide remote/local connections, AEMP does not. |
850 | |
1167 | |
851 | Monitoring in Erlang is not an indicator of process death/crashes, |
1168 | Monitoring in Erlang is not an indicator of process death/crashes, in the |
852 | as linking is (except linking is unreliable in Erlang). |
1169 | same way as linking is (except linking is unreliable in Erlang). |
853 | |
1170 | |
854 | In AEMP, you don't "look up" registered port names or send to named ports |
1171 | In AEMP, you don't "look up" registered port names or send to named ports |
855 | that might or might not be persistent. Instead, you normally spawn a port |
1172 | that might or might not be persistent. Instead, you normally spawn a port |
856 | on the remote node. The init function monitors the you, and you monitor |
1173 | on the remote node. The init function monitors you, and you monitor the |
857 | the remote port. Since both monitors are local to the node, they are much |
1174 | remote port. Since both monitors are local to the node, they are much more |
858 | more reliable. |
1175 | reliable (no need for C<spawn_link>). |
859 | |
1176 | |
860 | This also saves round-trips and avoids sending messages to the wrong port |
1177 | This also saves round-trips and avoids sending messages to the wrong port |
861 | (hard to do in Erlang). |
1178 | (hard to do in Erlang). |
862 | |
1179 | |
863 | =back |
1180 | =back |
864 | |
1181 | |
865 | =head1 RATIONALE |
1182 | =head1 RATIONALE |
866 | |
1183 | |
867 | =over 4 |
1184 | =over 4 |
868 | |
1185 | |
869 | =item Why strings for ports and noderefs, why not objects? |
1186 | =item Why strings for port and node IDs, why not objects? |
870 | |
1187 | |
871 | We considered "objects", but found that the actual number of methods |
1188 | We considered "objects", but found that the actual number of methods |
872 | thatc an be called are very low. Since port IDs and noderefs travel over |
1189 | that can be called are quite low. Since port and node IDs travel over |
873 | the network frequently, the serialising/deserialising would add lots of |
1190 | the network frequently, the serialising/deserialising would add lots of |
874 | overhead, as well as having to keep a proxy object. |
1191 | overhead, as well as having to keep a proxy object everywhere. |
875 | |
1192 | |
876 | Strings can easily be printed, easily serialised etc. and need no special |
1193 | Strings can easily be printed, easily serialised etc. and need no special |
877 | procedures to be "valid". |
1194 | procedures to be "valid". |
878 | |
1195 | |
879 | And a a miniport consists of a single closure stored in a global hash - it |
1196 | And as a result, a port with just a default receiver consists of a single |
880 | can't become much cheaper. |
1197 | code reference stored in a global hash - it can't become much cheaper. |
881 | |
1198 | |
882 | =item Why favour JSON, why not real serialising format such as Storable? |
1199 | =item Why favour JSON, why not a real serialising format such as Storable? |
883 | |
1200 | |
884 | In fact, any AnyEvent::MP node will happily accept Storable as framing |
1201 | In fact, any AnyEvent::MP node will happily accept Storable as framing |
885 | format, but currently there is no way to make a node use Storable by |
1202 | format, but currently there is no way to make a node use Storable by |
886 | default. |
1203 | default (although all nodes will accept it). |
887 | |
1204 | |
888 | The default framing protocol is JSON because a) JSON::XS is many times |
1205 | The default framing protocol is JSON because a) JSON::XS is many times |
889 | faster for small messages and b) most importantly, after years of |
1206 | faster for small messages and b) most importantly, after years of |
890 | experience we found that object serialisation is causing more problems |
1207 | experience we found that object serialisation is causing more problems |
891 | than it gains: Just like function calls, objects simply do not travel |
1208 | than it solves: Just like function calls, objects simply do not travel |
892 | easily over the network, mostly because they will always be a copy, so you |
1209 | easily over the network, mostly because they will always be a copy, so you |
893 | always have to re-think your design. |
1210 | always have to re-think your design. |
894 | |
1211 | |
895 | Keeping your messages simple, concentrating on data structures rather than |
1212 | Keeping your messages simple, concentrating on data structures rather than |
896 | objects, will keep your messages clean, tidy and efficient. |
1213 | objects, will keep your messages clean, tidy and efficient. |
897 | |
1214 | |
898 | =back |
1215 | =back |
899 | |
1216 | |
900 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
1217 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
901 | |
1218 | |
|
|
1219 | L<AnyEvent::MP::Intro> - a gentle introduction. |
|
|
1220 | |
|
|
1221 | L<AnyEvent::MP::Kernel> - more, lower-level, stuff. |
|
|
1222 | |
|
|
1223 | L<AnyEvent::MP::Global> - network maintenance and port groups, to find |
|
|
1224 | your applications. |
|
|
1225 | |
|
|
1226 | L<AnyEvent::MP::DataConn> - establish data connections between nodes. |
|
|
1227 | |
|
|
1228 | L<AnyEvent::MP::LogCatcher> - simple service to display log messages from |
|
|
1229 | all nodes. |
|
|
1230 | |
902 | L<AnyEvent>. |
1231 | L<AnyEvent>. |
903 | |
1232 | |
904 | =head1 AUTHOR |
1233 | =head1 AUTHOR |
905 | |
1234 | |
906 | Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
1235 | Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |