[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/AnyEvent-MP/MP.pm

Comparing AnyEvent-MP/MP.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.118 by root, Thu Jun 30 09:31:58 2011 UTC vs.
Revision 1.138 by root, Thu Mar 22 00:48:29 2012 UTC

…		…
35	# destroy a port again	35	# destroy a port again
36	kil $port; # "normal" kill	36	kil $port; # "normal" kill
37	kil $port, my_error => "everything is broken"; # error kill	37	kil $port, my_error => "everything is broken"; # error kill
38		38
39	# monitoring	39	# monitoring
40	mon $localport, $cb->(@msg) # callback is invoked on death	40	mon $port, $cb->(@msg) # callback is invoked on death
41	mon $localport, $otherport # kill otherport on abnormal death	41	mon $port, $localport # kill localport on abnormal death
42	mon $localport, $otherport, @msg # send message on death	42	mon $port, $localport, @msg # send message on death
43		43
44	# temporarily execute code in port context	44	# temporarily execute code in port context
45	peval $port, sub { die "kill the port!" };	45	peval $port, sub { die "kill the port!" };
46		46
47	# execute callbacks in $SELF port context	47	# execute callbacks in $SELF port context
…		…
78		78
79	Ports allow you to register C<rcv> handlers that can match all or just	79	Ports allow you to register C<rcv> handlers that can match all or just
80	some messages. Messages send to ports will not be queued, regardless of	80	some messages. Messages send to ports will not be queued, regardless of
81	anything was listening for them or not.	81	anything was listening for them or not.
82		82
		83	Ports are represented by (printable) strings called "port IDs".
		84
83	=item port ID - C<nodeid#portname>	85	=item port ID - C<nodeid#portname>
84		86
85	A port ID is the concatenation of a node ID, a hash-mark (C<#>) as	87	A port ID is the concatenation of a node ID, a hash-mark (C<#>)
86	separator, and a port name (a printable string of unspecified format).	88	as separator, and a port name (a printable string of unspecified
		89	format created by AnyEvent::MP).
87		90
88	=item node	91	=item node
89		92
90	A node is a single process containing at least one port - the node port,	93	A node is a single process containing at least one port - the node port,
91	which enables nodes to manage each other remotely, and to create new	94	which enables nodes to manage each other remotely, and to create new
92	ports.	95	ports.
93		96
94	Nodes are either public (have one or more listening ports) or private	97	Nodes are either public (have one or more listening ports) or private
95	(no listening ports). Private nodes cannot talk to other private nodes	98	(no listening ports). Private nodes cannot talk to other private nodes
96	currently.	99	currently, but all nodes can talk to public nodes.
		100
		101	Nodes is represented by (printable) strings called "node IDs".
97		102
98	=item node ID - C<[A-Za-z0-9_\-.:]*>	103	=item node ID - C<[A-Za-z0-9_\-.:]*>
99		104
100	A node ID is a string that uniquely identifies the node within a	105	A node ID is a string that uniquely identifies the node within a
101	network. Depending on the configuration used, node IDs can look like a	106	network. Depending on the configuration used, node IDs can look like a
102	hostname, a hostname and a port, or a random string. AnyEvent::MP itself	107	hostname, a hostname and a port, or a random string. AnyEvent::MP itself
103	doesn't interpret node IDs in any way.	108	doesn't interpret node IDs in any way except to uniquely identify a node.
104		109
105	=item binds - C<ip:port>	110	=item binds - C<ip:port>
106		111
107	Nodes can only talk to each other by creating some kind of connection to	112	Nodes can only talk to each other by creating some kind of connection to
108	each other. To do this, nodes should listen on one or more local transport	113	each other. To do this, nodes should listen on one or more local transport
		114	endpoints - binds.
		115
109	endpoints - binds. Currently, only standard C<ip:port> specifications can	116	Currently, only standard C<ip:port> specifications can be used, which
110	be used, which specify TCP ports to listen on.	117	specify TCP ports to listen on. So a bind is basically just a tcp socket
		118	in listening mode thta accepts conenctions form other nodes.
111		119
112	=item seed nodes	120	=item seed nodes
113		121
114	When a node starts, it knows nothing about the network. To teach the node	122	When a node starts, it knows nothing about the network it is in - it
115	about the network it first has to contact some other node within the	123	needs to connect to at least one other node that is already in the
116	network. This node is called a seed.	124	network. These other nodes are called "seed nodes".
117		125
118	Apart from the fact that other nodes know them as seed nodes and they have	126	Seed nodes themselves are not special - they are seed nodes only because
119	to have fixed listening addresses, seed nodes are perfectly normal nodes -	127	some other node I<uses> them as such, but any node can be used as seed
120	any node can function as a seed node for others.	128	node for other nodes, and eahc node cna use a different set of seed nodes.
121		129
122	In addition to discovering the network, seed nodes are also used to	130	In addition to discovering the network, seed nodes are also used to
123	maintain the network and to connect nodes that otherwise would have	131	maintain the network - all nodes using the same seed node form are part of
124	trouble connecting. They form the backbone of an AnyEvent::MP network.	132	the same network. If a network is split into multiple subnets because e.g.
		133	the network link between the parts goes down, then using the same seed
		134	nodes for all nodes ensures that eventually the subnets get merged again.
125		135
126	Seed nodes are expected to be long-running, and at least one seed node	136	Seed nodes are expected to be long-running, and at least one seed node
127	should always be available. They should also be relatively responsive - a	137	should always be available. They should also be relatively responsive - a
128	seed node that blocks for long periods will slow down everybody else.	138	seed node that blocks for long periods will slow down everybody else.
129		139
		140	For small networks, it's best if every node uses the same set of seed
		141	nodes. For large networks, it can be useful to specify "regional" seed
		142	nodes for most nodes in an area, and use all seed nodes as seed nodes for
		143	each other. What's important is that all seed nodes connections form a
		144	complete graph, so that the network cannot split into separate subnets
		145	forever.
		146
		147	Seed nodes are represented by seed IDs.
		148
130	=item seeds - C<host:port>	149	=item seed IDs - C<host:port>
131		150
132	Seeds are transport endpoint(s) (usually a hostname/IP address and a	151	Seed IDs are transport endpoint(s) (usually a hostname/IP address and a
133	TCP port) of nodes that should be used as seed nodes.	152	TCP port) of nodes that should be used as seed nodes.
134		153
135	The nodes listening on those endpoints are expected to be long-running,	154	=item global nodes
136	and at least one of those should always be available. When nodes run out	155
137	of connections (e.g. due to a network error), they try to re-establish	156	An AEMP network needs a discovery service - nodes need to know how to
138	connections to some seednodes again to join the network.	157	connect to other nodes they only know by name. In addition, AEMP offers a
		158	distributed "group database", which maps group names to a list of strings
		159	- for example, to register worker ports.
		160
		161	A network needs at least one global node to work, and allows every node to
		162	be a global node.
		163
		164	Any node that loads the L<AnyEvent::MP::Global> module becomes a global
		165	node and tries to keep connections to all other nodes. So while it can
		166	make sense to make every node "global" in small networks, it usually makes
		167	sense to only make seed nodes into global nodes in large networks (nodes
		168	keep connections to seed nodes and global nodes, so makign them the same
		169	reduces overhead).
139		170
140	=back	171	=back
141		172
142	=head1 VARIABLES/FUNCTIONS	173	=head1 VARIABLES/FUNCTIONS
143		174
…		…
145		176
146	=cut	177	=cut
147		178
148	package AnyEvent::MP;	179	package AnyEvent::MP;
149		180
		181	use AnyEvent::MP::Config ();
150	use AnyEvent::MP::Kernel;	182	use AnyEvent::MP::Kernel;
		183	use AnyEvent::MP::Kernel qw(%NODE %PORT %PORT_DATA $UNIQ $RUNIQ $ID);
151		184
152	use common::sense;	185	use common::sense;
153		186
154	use Carp ();	187	use Carp ();
155		188
156	use AE ();	189	use AE ();
		190	use Guard ();
157		191
158	use base "Exporter";	192	use base "Exporter";
159		193
160	our $VERSION = '1.30';	194	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::MP::Config::VERSION;
161		195
162	our @EXPORT = qw(	196	our @EXPORT = qw(
163	NODE $NODE *SELF node_of after	197	NODE $NODE *SELF node_of after
164	configure	198	configure
165	snd rcv mon mon_guard kil psub peval spawn cal	199	snd rcv mon mon_guard kil psub peval spawn cal
166	port	200	port
		201	db_set db_del db_reg
		202	db_mon db_family db_keys db_values
167	);	203	);
168		204
169	our $SELF;	205	our $SELF;
170		206
171	sub _self_die() {	207	sub _self_die() {
…		…
191	Before a node can talk to other nodes on the network (i.e. enter	227	Before a node can talk to other nodes on the network (i.e. enter
192	"distributed mode") it has to configure itself - the minimum a node needs	228	"distributed mode") it has to configure itself - the minimum a node needs
193	to know is its own name, and optionally it should know the addresses of	229	to know is its own name, and optionally it should know the addresses of
194	some other nodes in the network to discover other nodes.	230	some other nodes in the network to discover other nodes.
195		231
196	The key/value pairs are basically the same ones as documented for the
197	F<aemp> command line utility (sans the set/del prefix).
198
199	This function configures a node - it must be called exactly once (or	232	This function configures a node - it must be called exactly once (or
200	never) before calling other AnyEvent::MP functions.	233	never) before calling other AnyEvent::MP functions.
		234
		235	The key/value pairs are basically the same ones as documented for the
		236	F<aemp> command line utility (sans the set/del prefix), with these additions:
		237
		238	=over 4
		239
		240	=item norc => $boolean (default false)
		241
		242	If true, then the rc file (e.g. F<~/.perl-anyevent-mp>) will I<not>
		243	be consulted - all configuraiton options must be specified in the
		244	C<configure> call.
		245
		246	=item force => $boolean (default false)
		247
		248	IF true, then the values specified in the C<configure> will take
		249	precedence over any values configured via the rc file. The default is for
		250	the rc file to override any options specified in the program.
		251
		252	=item secure => $pass->(@msg)
		253
		254	In addition to specifying a boolean, you can specify a code reference that
		255	is called for every code execution attempt - the execution request is
		256	granted iff the callback returns a true value.
		257
		258	Most of the time the callback should look only at
		259	C<$AnyEvent::MP::Kernel::SRCNODE> to make a decision, and not at the
		260	actual message (which can be about anything, and is mostly provided for
		261	diagnostic purposes).
		262
		263	See F<semp setsecure> for more info.
		264
		265	=back
201		266
202	=over 4	267	=over 4
203		268
204	=item step 1, gathering configuration from profiles	269	=item step 1, gathering configuration from profiles
205		270
…		…
219	That means that the values specified in the profile have highest priority	284	That means that the values specified in the profile have highest priority
220	and the values specified directly via C<configure> have lowest priority,	285	and the values specified directly via C<configure> have lowest priority,
221	and can only be used to specify defaults.	286	and can only be used to specify defaults.
222		287
223	If the profile specifies a node ID, then this will become the node ID of	288	If the profile specifies a node ID, then this will become the node ID of
224	this process. If not, then the profile name will be used as node ID. The	289	this process. If not, then the profile name will be used as node ID, with
225	special node ID of C<anon/> will be replaced by a random node ID.	290	a unique randoms tring (C</%u>) appended.
		291
		292	The node ID can contain some C<%> sequences that are expanded: C<%n>
		293	is expanded to the local nodename, C<%u> is replaced by a random
		294	strign to make the node unique. For example, the F<aemp> commandline
		295	utility uses C<aemp/%n/%u> as nodename, which might expand to
		296	C<aemp/cerebro/ZQDGSIkRhEZQDGSIkRhE>.
226		297
227	=item step 2, bind listener sockets	298	=item step 2, bind listener sockets
228		299
229	The next step is to look up the binds in the profile, followed by binding	300	The next step is to look up the binds in the profile, followed by binding
230	aemp protocol listeners on all binds specified (it is possible and valid	301	aemp protocol listeners on all binds specified (it is possible and valid
…		…
236	used, meaning the node will bind on a dynamically-assigned port on every	307	used, meaning the node will bind on a dynamically-assigned port on every
237	local IP address it finds.	308	local IP address it finds.
238		309
239	=item step 3, connect to seed nodes	310	=item step 3, connect to seed nodes
240		311
241	As the last step, the seeds list from the profile is passed to the	312	As the last step, the seed ID list from the profile is passed to the
242	L<AnyEvent::MP::Global> module, which will then use it to keep	313	L<AnyEvent::MP::Global> module, which will then use it to keep
243	connectivity with at least one node at any point in time.	314	connectivity with at least one node at any point in time.
244		315
245	=back	316	=back
246		317
247	Example: become a distributed node using the local node name as profile.	318	Example: become a distributed node using the local node name as profile.
248	This should be the most common form of invocation for "daemon"-type nodes.	319	This should be the most common form of invocation for "daemon"-type nodes.
249		320
250	configure	321	configure
251		322
252	Example: become an anonymous node. This form is often used for commandline	323	Example: become a semi-anonymous node. This form is often used for
253	clients.	324	commandline clients.
254		325
255	configure nodeid => "anon/";	326	configure nodeid => "myscript/%n/%u";
256		327
257	Example: configure a node using a profile called seed, which si suitable	328	Example: configure a node using a profile called seed, which is suitable
258	for a seed node as it binds on all local addresses on a fixed port (4040,	329	for a seed node as it binds on all local addresses on a fixed port (4040,
259	customary for aemp).	330	customary for aemp).
260		331
261	# use the aemp commandline utility	332	# use the aemp commandline utility
262	# aemp profile seed nodeid anon/ binds '*:4040'	333	# aemp profile seed binds '*:4040'
263		334
264	# then use it	335	# then use it
265	configure profile => "seed";	336	configure profile => "seed";
266		337
267	# or simply use aemp from the shell again:	338	# or simply use aemp from the shell again:
…		…
332		403
333	=cut	404	=cut
334		405
335	sub rcv($@);	406	sub rcv($@);
336		407
337	sub _kilme {	408	my $KILME = sub {
338	die "received message on port without callback";	409	(my $tag = substr $_[0], 0, 30) =~ s/([\x20-\x7e])/./g;
339	}	410	kil $SELF, unhandled_message => "no callback found for message '$tag'";
		411	};
340		412
341	sub port(;&) {	413	sub port(;&) {
342	my $id = "$UNIQ." . $ID++;	414	my $id = $UNIQ . ++$ID;
343	my $port = "$NODE#$id";	415	my $port = "$NODE#$id";
344		416
345	rcv $port, shift \|\| \&_kilme;	417	rcv $port, shift \|\| $KILME;
346		418
347	$port	419	$port
348	}	420	}
349		421
350	=item rcv $local_port, $callback->(@msg)	422	=item rcv $local_port, $callback->(@msg)
…		…
355		427
356	The global C<$SELF> (exported by this module) contains C<$port> while	428	The global C<$SELF> (exported by this module) contains C<$port> while
357	executing the callback. Runtime errors during callback execution will	429	executing the callback. Runtime errors during callback execution will
358	result in the port being C<kil>ed.	430	result in the port being C<kil>ed.
359		431
360	The default callback received all messages not matched by a more specific	432	The default callback receives all messages not matched by a more specific
361	C<tag> match.	433	C<tag> match.
362		434
363	=item rcv $local_port, tag => $callback->(@msg_without_tag), ...	435	=item rcv $local_port, tag => $callback->(@msg_without_tag), ...
364		436
365	Register (or replace) callbacks to be called on messages starting with the	437	Register (or replace) callbacks to be called on messages starting with the
…		…
620	}	692	}
621		693
622	$node->monitor ($port, $cb);	694	$node->monitor ($port, $cb);
623		695
624	defined wantarray	696	defined wantarray
625	and ($cb += 0, AnyEvent::Util::guard { $node->unmonitor ($port, $cb) })	697	and ($cb += 0, Guard::guard { $node->unmonitor ($port, $cb) })
626	}	698	}
627		699
628	=item $guard = mon_guard $port, $ref, $ref...	700	=item $guard = mon_guard $port, $ref, $ref...
629		701
630	Monitors the given C<$port> and keeps the passed references. When the port	702	Monitors the given C<$port> and keeps the passed references. When the port
…		…
666	will be reported as reason C<< die => $@ >>.	738	will be reported as reason C<< die => $@ >>.
667		739
668	Transport/communication errors are reported as C<< transport_error =>	740	Transport/communication errors are reported as C<< transport_error =>
669	$message >>.	741	$message >>.
670		742
671	=cut	743	Common idioms:
		744
		745	# silently remove yourself, do not kill linked ports
		746	kil $SELF;
		747
		748	# report a failure in some detail
		749	kil $SELF, failure_mode_1 => "it failed with too high temperature";
		750
		751	# do not waste much time with killing, just die when something goes wrong
		752	open my $fh, "<file"
		753	or die "file: $!";
672		754
673	=item $port = spawn $node, $initfunc[, @initdata]	755	=item $port = spawn $node, $initfunc[, @initdata]
674		756
675	Creates a port on the node C<$node> (which can also be a port ID, in which	757	Creates a port on the node C<$node> (which can also be a port ID, in which
676	case it's the node where that port resides).	758	case it's the node where that port resides).
…		…
734	}	816	}
735		817
736	sub spawn(@) {	818	sub spawn(@) {
737	my ($nodeid, undef) = split /#/, shift, 2;	819	my ($nodeid, undef) = split /#/, shift, 2;
738		820
739	my $id = "$RUNIQ." . $ID++;	821	my $id = $RUNIQ . ++$ID;
740		822
741	$_[0] =~ /::/	823	$_[0] =~ /::/
742	or Carp::croak "spawn init function must be a fully-qualified name, caught";	824	or Carp::croak "spawn init function must be a fully-qualified name, caught";
743		825
744	snd_to_func $nodeid, "AnyEvent::MP::_spawn" => $id, @_;	826	snd_to_func $nodeid, "AnyEvent::MP::_spawn" => $id, @_;
745		827
746	"$nodeid#$id"	828	"$nodeid#$id"
747	}	829	}
		830
748		831
749	=item after $timeout, @msg	832	=item after $timeout, @msg
750		833
751	=item after $timeout, $callback	834	=item after $timeout, $callback
752		835
…		…
767	ref $action[0]	850	ref $action[0]
768	? $action[0]()	851	? $action[0]()
769	: snd @action;	852	: snd @action;
770	};	853	};
771	}	854	}
		855
		856	#=item $cb2 = timeout $seconds, $cb[, @args]
772		857
773	=item cal $port, @msg, $callback[, $timeout]	858	=item cal $port, @msg, $callback[, $timeout]
774		859
775	A simple form of RPC - sends a message to the given C<$port> with the	860	A simple form of RPC - sends a message to the given C<$port> with the
776	given contents (C<@msg>), but adds a reply port to the message.	861	given contents (C<@msg>), but adds a reply port to the message.
…		…
822	$port	907	$port
823	}	908	}
824		909
825	=back	910	=back
826		911
		912	=head1 DISTRIBUTED DATABASE
		913
		914	AnyEvent::MP comes with a simple distributed database. The database will
		915	be mirrored asynchronously on all global nodes. Other nodes bind to one
		916	of the global nodes for their needs. Every node has a "local database"
		917	which contains all the values that are set locally. All local databases
		918	are merged together to form the global database, which can be queried.
		919
		920	The database structure is that of a two-level hash - the database hash
		921	contains hashes which contain values, similarly to a perl hash of hashes,
		922	i.e.:
		923
		924	$DATABASE{$family}{$subkey} = $value
		925
		926	The top level hash key is called "family", and the second-level hash key
		927	is called "subkey" or simply "key".
		928
		929	The family must be alphanumeric, i.e. start with a letter and consist
		930	of letters, digits, underscores and colons (C<[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9_:]*>,
		931	pretty much like Perl module names.
		932
		933	As the family namespace is global, it is recommended to prefix family names
		934	with the name of the application or module using it.
		935
		936	The subkeys must be non-empty strings, with no further restrictions.
		937
		938	The values should preferably be strings, but other perl scalars should
		939	work as well (such as C<undef>, arrays and hashes).
		940
		941	Every database entry is owned by one node - adding the same family/subkey
		942	combination on multiple nodes will not cause discomfort for AnyEvent::MP,
		943	but the result might be nondeterministic, i.e. the key might have
		944	different values on different nodes.
		945
		946	Different subkeys in the same family can be owned by different nodes
		947	without problems, and in fact, this is the common method to create worker
		948	pools. For example, a worker port for image scaling might do this:
		949
		950	db_set my_image_scalers => $port;
		951
		952	And clients looking for an image scaler will want to get the
		953	C<my_image_scalers> keys from time to time:
		954
		955	db_keys my_image_scalers => sub {
		956	@ports = @{ $_[0] };
		957	};
		958
		959	Or better yet, they want to monitor the database family, so they always
		960	have a reasonable up-to-date copy:
		961
		962	db_mon my_image_scalers => sub {
		963	@ports = keys %{ $_[0] };
		964	};
		965
		966	In general, you can set or delete single subkeys, but query and monitor
		967	whole families only.
		968
		969	If you feel the need to monitor or query a single subkey, try giving it
		970	it's own family.
		971
		972	=over
		973
		974	=item $guard = db_set $family => $subkey [=> $value]
		975
		976	Sets (or replaces) a key to the database - if C<$value> is omitted,
		977	C<undef> is used instead.
		978
		979	When called in non-void context, C<db_set> returns a guard that
		980	automatically calls C<db_del> when it is destroyed.
		981
		982	=item db_del $family => $subkey...
		983
		984	Deletes one or more subkeys from the database family.
		985
		986	=item $guard = db_reg $family => $port => $value
		987
		988	=item $guard = db_reg $family => $port
		989
		990	=item $guard = db_reg $family
		991
		992	Registers a port in the given family and optionally returns a guard to
		993	remove it.
		994
		995	This function basically does the same as:
		996
		997	db_set $family => $port => $value
		998
		999	Except that the port is monitored and automatically removed from the
		1000	database family when it is kil'ed.
		1001
		1002	If C<$value> is missing, C<undef> is used. If C<$port> is missing, then
		1003	C<$SELF> is used.
		1004
		1005	This function is most useful to register a port in some port group (which
		1006	is just another name for a database family), and have it removed when the
		1007	port is gone. This works best when the port is a local port.
		1008
		1009	=cut
		1010
		1011	sub db_reg($$;$) {
		1012	my $family = shift;
		1013	my $port = @_ ? shift : $SELF;
		1014
		1015	my $clr = sub { db_del $family => $port };
		1016	mon $port, $clr;
		1017
		1018	db_set $family => $port => $_[0];
		1019
		1020	defined wantarray
		1021	and &Guard::guard ($clr)
		1022	}
		1023
		1024	=item db_family $family => $cb->(\%familyhash)
		1025
		1026	Queries the named database C<$family> and call the callback with the
		1027	family represented as a hash. You can keep and freely modify the hash.
		1028
		1029	=item db_keys $family => $cb->(\@keys)
		1030
		1031	Same as C<db_family>, except it only queries the family I<subkeys> and passes
		1032	them as array reference to the callback.
		1033
		1034	=item db_values $family => $cb->(\@values)
		1035
		1036	Same as C<db_family>, except it only queries the family I<values> and passes them
		1037	as array reference to the callback.
		1038
		1039	=item $guard = db_mon $family => $cb->($familyhash, \@added, \@changed, \@deleted)
		1040
		1041	Creates a monitor on the given database family. Each time a key is set
		1042	or or is deleted the callback is called with a hash containing the
		1043	database family and three lists of added, changed and deleted subkeys,
		1044	respectively. If no keys have changed then the array reference might be
		1045	C<undef> or even missing.
		1046
		1047	If not called in void context, a guard object is returned that, when
		1048	destroyed, stops the monitor.
		1049
		1050	The family hash reference and the key arrays belong to AnyEvent::MP and
		1051	B<must not be modified or stored> by the callback. When in doubt, make a
		1052	copy.
		1053
		1054	As soon as possible after the monitoring starts, the callback will be
		1055	called with the intiial contents of the family, even if it is empty,
		1056	i.e. there will always be a timely call to the callback with the current
		1057	contents.
		1058
		1059	It is possible that the callback is called with a change event even though
		1060	the subkey is already present and the value has not changed.
		1061
		1062	The monitoring stops when the guard object is destroyed.
		1063
		1064	Example: on every change to the family "mygroup", print out all keys.
		1065
		1066	my $guard = db_mon mygroup => sub {
		1067	my ($family, $a, $c, $d) = @_;
		1068	print "mygroup members: ", (join " ", keys %$family), "\n";
		1069	};
		1070
		1071	Exmaple: wait until the family "My::Module::workers" is non-empty.
		1072
		1073	my $guard; $guard = db_mon My::Module::workers => sub {
		1074	my ($family, $a, $c, $d) = @_;
		1075	return unless %$family;
		1076	undef $guard;
		1077	print "My::Module::workers now nonempty\n";
		1078	};
		1079
		1080	Example: print all changes to the family "AnyRvent::Fantasy::Module".
		1081
		1082	my $guard = db_mon AnyRvent::Fantasy::Module => sub {
		1083	my ($family, $a, $c, $d) = @_;
		1084
		1085	print "+$_=$family->{$_}\n" for @$a;
		1086	print "*$_=$family->{$_}\n" for @$c;
		1087	print "-$_=$family->{$_}\n" for @$d;
		1088	};
		1089
		1090	=cut
		1091
		1092	=back
		1093
827	=head1 AnyEvent::MP vs. Distributed Erlang	1094	=head1 AnyEvent::MP vs. Distributed Erlang
828		1095
829	AnyEvent::MP got lots of its ideas from distributed Erlang (Erlang node	1096	AnyEvent::MP got lots of its ideas from distributed Erlang (Erlang node
830	== aemp node, Erlang process == aemp port), so many of the documents and	1097	== aemp node, Erlang process == aemp port), so many of the documents and
831	programming techniques employed by Erlang apply to AnyEvent::MP. Here is a	1098	programming techniques employed by Erlang apply to AnyEvent::MP. Here is a
…		…
862	ports being the special case/exception, where transport errors cannot	1129	ports being the special case/exception, where transport errors cannot
863	occur.	1130	occur.
864		1131
865	=item * Erlang uses processes and a mailbox, AEMP does not queue.	1132	=item * Erlang uses processes and a mailbox, AEMP does not queue.
866		1133
867	Erlang uses processes that selectively receive messages, and therefore	1134	Erlang uses processes that selectively receive messages out of order, and
868	needs a queue. AEMP is event based, queuing messages would serve no	1135	therefore needs a queue. AEMP is event based, queuing messages would serve
869	useful purpose. For the same reason the pattern-matching abilities of	1136	no useful purpose. For the same reason the pattern-matching abilities
870	AnyEvent::MP are more limited, as there is little need to be able to	1137	of AnyEvent::MP are more limited, as there is little need to be able to
871	filter messages without dequeuing them.	1138	filter messages without dequeuing them.
872		1139
873	(But see L<Coro::MP> for a more Erlang-like process model on top of AEMP).	1140	This is not a philosophical difference, but simply stems from AnyEvent::MP
		1141	being event-based, while Erlang is process-based.
		1142
		1143	You cna have a look at L<Coro::MP> for a more Erlang-like process model on
		1144	top of AEMP and Coro threads.
874		1145
875	=item * Erlang sends are synchronous, AEMP sends are asynchronous.	1146	=item * Erlang sends are synchronous, AEMP sends are asynchronous.
876		1147
877	Sending messages in Erlang is synchronous and blocks the process (and	1148	Sending messages in Erlang is synchronous and blocks the process until
		1149	a conenction has been established and the message sent (and so does not
878	so does not need a queue that can overflow). AEMP sends are immediate,	1150	need a queue that can overflow). AEMP sends return immediately, connection
879	connection establishment is handled in the background.	1151	establishment is handled in the background.
880		1152
881	=item * Erlang suffers from silent message loss, AEMP does not.	1153	=item * Erlang suffers from silent message loss, AEMP does not.
882		1154
883	Erlang implements few guarantees on messages delivery - messages can get	1155	Erlang implements few guarantees on messages delivery - messages can get
884	lost without any of the processes realising it (i.e. you send messages a,	1156	lost without any of the processes realising it (i.e. you send messages a,
…		…
887	AEMP guarantees (modulo hardware errors) correct ordering, and the	1159	AEMP guarantees (modulo hardware errors) correct ordering, and the
888	guarantee that after one message is lost, all following ones sent to the	1160	guarantee that after one message is lost, all following ones sent to the
889	same port are lost as well, until monitoring raises an error, so there are	1161	same port are lost as well, until monitoring raises an error, so there are
890	no silent "holes" in the message sequence.	1162	no silent "holes" in the message sequence.
891		1163
		1164	If you want your software to be very reliable, you have to cope with
		1165	corrupted and even out-of-order messages in both Erlang and AEMP. AEMP
		1166	simply tries to work better in common error cases, such as when a network
		1167	link goes down.
		1168
892	=item * Erlang can send messages to the wrong port, AEMP does not.	1169	=item * Erlang can send messages to the wrong port, AEMP does not.
893		1170
894	In Erlang it is quite likely that a node that restarts reuses a process ID	1171	In Erlang it is quite likely that a node that restarts reuses an Erlang
895	known to other nodes for a completely different process, causing messages	1172	process ID known to other nodes for a completely different process,
896	destined for that process to end up in an unrelated process.	1173	causing messages destined for that process to end up in an unrelated
		1174	process.
897		1175
898	AEMP never reuses port IDs, so old messages or old port IDs floating	1176	AEMP does not reuse port IDs, so old messages or old port IDs floating
899	around in the network will not be sent to an unrelated port.	1177	around in the network will not be sent to an unrelated port.
900		1178
901	=item * Erlang uses unprotected connections, AEMP uses secure	1179	=item * Erlang uses unprotected connections, AEMP uses secure
902	authentication and can use TLS.	1180	authentication and can use TLS.
903		1181
…		…
906		1184
907	=item * The AEMP protocol is optimised for both text-based and binary	1185	=item * The AEMP protocol is optimised for both text-based and binary
908	communications.	1186	communications.
909		1187
910	The AEMP protocol, unlike the Erlang protocol, supports both programming	1188	The AEMP protocol, unlike the Erlang protocol, supports both programming
911	language independent text-only protocols (good for debugging) and binary,	1189	language independent text-only protocols (good for debugging), and binary,
912	language-specific serialisers (e.g. Storable). By default, unless TLS is	1190	language-specific serialisers (e.g. Storable). By default, unless TLS is
913	used, the protocol is actually completely text-based.	1191	used, the protocol is actually completely text-based.
914		1192
915	It has also been carefully designed to be implementable in other languages	1193	It has also been carefully designed to be implementable in other languages
916	with a minimum of work while gracefully degrading functionality to make the	1194	with a minimum of work while gracefully degrading functionality to make the
917	protocol simple.	1195	protocol simple.
918		1196
919	=item * AEMP has more flexible monitoring options than Erlang.	1197	=item * AEMP has more flexible monitoring options than Erlang.
920		1198
921	In Erlang, you can chose to receive I<all> exit signals as messages	1199	In Erlang, you can chose to receive I<all> exit signals as messages or
922	or I<none>, there is no in-between, so monitoring single processes is	1200	I<none>, there is no in-between, so monitoring single Erlang processes is
923	difficult to implement. Monitoring in AEMP is more flexible than in	1201	difficult to implement.
924	Erlang, as one can choose between automatic kill, exit message or callback	1202
925	on a per-process basis.	1203	Monitoring in AEMP is more flexible than in Erlang, as one can choose
		1204	between automatic kill, exit message or callback on a per-port basis.
926		1205
927	=item * Erlang tries to hide remote/local connections, AEMP does not.	1206	=item * Erlang tries to hide remote/local connections, AEMP does not.
928		1207
929	Monitoring in Erlang is not an indicator of process death/crashes, in the	1208	Monitoring in Erlang is not an indicator of process death/crashes, in the
930	same way as linking is (except linking is unreliable in Erlang).	1209	same way as linking is (except linking is unreliable in Erlang).
…		…
973	Keeping your messages simple, concentrating on data structures rather than	1252	Keeping your messages simple, concentrating on data structures rather than
974	objects, will keep your messages clean, tidy and efficient.	1253	objects, will keep your messages clean, tidy and efficient.
975		1254
976	=back	1255	=back
977		1256
		1257	=head1 PORTING FROM AnyEvent::MP VERSION 1.X
		1258
		1259	AEMP version 2 has three major incompatible changes compared to version 1:
		1260
		1261	=over 4
		1262
		1263	=item AnyEvent::MP::Global no longer has group management functions.
		1264
		1265	AnyEvent::MP now comes with a distributed database that is more
		1266	powerful. It's database families map closely to ports, but the API has
		1267	minor differences:
		1268
		1269	grp_reg $group, $port # old
		1270	db_reg $group, $port # new
		1271
		1272	$list = grp_get $group # old
		1273	db_keys $group, sub { my $list = shift } # new
		1274
		1275	grp_mon $group, $cb->(\@ports, $add, $del) # old
		1276	db_mon $group, $cb->(\%ports, $add, $change, $del) # new
		1277
		1278	C<grp_reg> is a no-brainer (just replace by C<db_reg>), but C<grp_get>
		1279	is no longer instant, because the local node might not have a copy of
		1280	the group. This can be partially remedied by using C<db_mon> to keep an
		1281	updated copy of the group:
		1282
		1283	my $local_group_copy;
		1284	db_mon $group => sub { $local_group_copy = shift };
		1285
		1286	# no keys %$local_group_copy always returns the most up-to-date
		1287	# list of ports in the group.
		1288
		1289	C<grp_mon> can almost be replaced by C<db_mon>:
		1290
		1291	db_mon $group => sub {
		1292	my ($ports, $add, $chg, $lde) = @_;
		1293	$ports = [keys %$ports];
		1294
		1295	# now $ports, $add and $del are the same as
		1296	# were originally passed by grp_mon.
		1297	...
		1298	};
		1299
		1300	=item Nodes not longer connect to all other nodes.
		1301
		1302	In AEMP 1.x, every node automatically loads the L<AnyEvent::MP::Global>
		1303	module, which in turn would create connections to all other nodes in the
		1304	network (helped by the seed nodes).
		1305
		1306	In version 2.x, global nodes still connect to all other global nodes, but
		1307	other nodes don't - now every node either is a global node itself, or
		1308	attaches itself to another global node.
		1309
		1310	If a node isn't a global node itself, then it attaches itself to one
		1311	of its seed nodes. If that seed node isn't a global node yet, it will
		1312	automatically be upgraded to a global node.
		1313
		1314	So in many cases, nothing needs to be changed - one just has to make sure
		1315	that all seed nodes are meshed together with the other seed nodes (as with
		1316	AEMP 1.x), and other nodes specify them as seed nodes.
		1317
		1318	Not opening a connection to every other node is usually an advantage,
		1319	except when you need the lower latency of an already established
		1320	connection. To ensure a node establishes a connection to another node,
		1321	you can monitor the node port (C<mon $node, ...>), which will attempt to
		1322	create the connection (and notify you when the connection fails).
		1323
		1324	=item Listener-less nodes (nodes without binds) are gone.
		1325
		1326	And are not coming back, at least not in their old form. If no C<binds>
		1327	are specified for a node, AnyEvent::MP now assumes a default of C<:>.
		1328
		1329	There are vague plans to implement some form of routing domains, which
		1330	might or might not bring back listener-less nodes, but don't count on it.
		1331
		1332	The fact that most connections are now optional somewhat mitigates this,
		1333	as a node can be effectively unreachable from the outside without any
		1334	problems, as long as it isn't a global node and only reaches out to other
		1335	nodes (as opposed to being contacted from other nodes).
		1336
		1337	=item $AnyEvent::MP::Kernel::WARN has gone.
		1338
		1339	AnyEvent has acquired a logging framework (L<AnyEvent::Log>), and AEMP now
		1340	uses this, and so should your programs.
		1341
		1342	Every module now documents what kinds of messages it generates, with
		1343	AnyEvent::MP acting as a catch all.
		1344
		1345	On the positive side, this means that instead of setting
		1346	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MP_WARNLEVEL>, you can get away by setting C<AE_VERBOSE>,
		1347	much less to type.
		1348
		1349	=back
		1350
978	=head1 SEE ALSO	1351	=head1 SEE ALSO
979		1352
980	L<AnyEvent::MP::Intro> - a gentle introduction.	1353	L<AnyEvent::MP::Intro> - a gentle introduction.
981		1354
982	L<AnyEvent::MP::Kernel> - more, lower-level, stuff.	1355	L<AnyEvent::MP::Kernel> - more, lower-level, stuff.

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Comparing AnyEvent-MP/MP.pm (file contents): Revision 1.118 by root, Thu Jun 30 09:31:58 2011 UTC vs. Revision 1.138 by root, Thu Mar 22 00:48:29 2012 UTC

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Comparing AnyEvent-MP/MP.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.118 by root, Thu Jun 30 09:31:58 2011 UTC vs.
Revision 1.138 by root, Thu Mar 22 00:48:29 2012 UTC