… | |
… | |
4 | |
4 | |
5 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
5 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
6 | |
6 | |
7 | use AnyEvent::MP; |
7 | use AnyEvent::MP; |
8 | |
8 | |
9 | NODE # returns this node identifier |
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10 | $NODE # contains this node identifier |
9 | $NODE # contains this node's noderef |
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10 | NODE # returns this node's noderef |
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11 | NODE $port # returns the noderef of the port |
11 | |
12 | |
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13 | $SELF # receiving/own port id in rcv callbacks |
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14 | |
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15 | # ports are message endpoints |
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16 | |
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17 | # sending messages |
12 | snd $port, type => data...; |
18 | snd $port, type => data...; |
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19 | snd $port, @msg; |
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20 | snd @msg_with_first_element_being_a_port; |
13 | |
21 | |
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22 | # miniports |
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23 | my $miniport = port { my @msg = @_; 0 }; |
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24 | |
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25 | # full ports |
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26 | my $port = port; |
14 | rcv $port, smartmatch => $cb->($port, @msg); |
27 | rcv $port, smartmatch => $cb->(@msg); |
15 | |
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16 | # examples: |
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17 | rcv $port2, ping => sub { snd $_[0], "pong"; 0 }; |
28 | rcv $port, ping => sub { snd $_[0], "pong"; 0 }; |
18 | rcv $port1, pong => sub { warn "pong received\n" }; |
29 | rcv $port, pong => sub { warn "pong received\n"; 0 }; |
19 | snd $port2, ping => $port1; |
30 | |
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31 | # remote ports |
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32 | my $port = spawn $node, $initfunc, @initdata; |
20 | |
33 | |
21 | # more, smarter, matches (_any_ is exported by this module) |
34 | # more, smarter, matches (_any_ is exported by this module) |
22 | rcv $port, [child_died => $pid] => sub { ... |
35 | rcv $port, [child_died => $pid] => sub { ... |
23 | rcv $port, [_any_, _any_, 3] => sub { .. $_[2] is 3 |
36 | rcv $port, [_any_, _any_, 3] => sub { .. $_[2] is 3 |
24 | |
37 | |
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38 | # monitoring |
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39 | mon $port, $cb->(@msg) # callback is invoked on death |
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40 | mon $port, $otherport # kill otherport on abnormal death |
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41 | mon $port, $otherport, @msg # send message on death |
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42 | |
25 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
43 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
26 | |
44 | |
27 | This module (-family) implements a simple message passing framework. |
45 | This module (-family) implements a simple message passing framework. |
28 | |
46 | |
29 | Despite its simplicity, you can securely message other processes running |
47 | Despite its simplicity, you can securely message other processes running |
30 | on the same or other hosts. |
48 | on the same or other hosts. |
31 | |
49 | |
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50 | For an introduction to this module family, see the L<AnyEvent::MP::Intro> |
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51 | manual page. |
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52 | |
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53 | At the moment, this module family is severly broken and underdocumented, |
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54 | so do not use. This was uploaded mainly to reserve the CPAN namespace - |
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55 | stay tuned! The basic API should be finished, however. |
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56 | |
32 | =head1 CONCEPTS |
57 | =head1 CONCEPTS |
33 | |
58 | |
34 | =over 4 |
59 | =over 4 |
35 | |
60 | |
36 | =item port |
61 | =item port |
37 | |
62 | |
38 | A port is something you can send messages to with the C<snd> function, and |
63 | A port is something you can send messages to (with the C<snd> function). |
39 | you can register C<rcv> handlers with. All C<rcv> handlers will receive |
64 | |
40 | messages they match, messages will not be queued. |
65 | Some ports allow you to register C<rcv> handlers that can match specific |
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66 | messages. All C<rcv> handlers will receive messages they match, messages |
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67 | will not be queued. |
41 | |
68 | |
42 | =item port id - C<noderef#portname> |
69 | =item port id - C<noderef#portname> |
43 | |
70 | |
44 | A port id is always the noderef, a hash-mark (C<#>) as separator, followed |
71 | A port id is normaly the concatenation of a noderef, a hash-mark (C<#>) as |
45 | by a port name (a printable string of unspecified format). |
72 | separator, and a port name (a printable string of unspecified format). An |
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73 | exception is the the node port, whose ID is identical to its node |
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74 | reference. |
46 | |
75 | |
47 | =item node |
76 | =item node |
48 | |
77 | |
49 | A node is a single process containing at least one port - the node |
78 | A node is a single process containing at least one port - the node |
50 | port. You can send messages to node ports to let them create new ports, |
79 | port. You can send messages to node ports to find existing ports or to |
51 | among other things. |
80 | create new ports, among other things. |
52 | |
81 | |
53 | Initially, nodes are either private (single-process only) or hidden |
82 | Nodes are either private (single-process only), slaves (connected to a |
54 | (connected to a master node only). Only when they epxlicitly "become |
83 | master node only) or public nodes (connectable from unrelated nodes). |
55 | public" can you send them messages from unrelated other nodes. |
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56 | |
84 | |
57 | =item noderef - C<host:port,host:port...>, C<id@noderef>, C<id> |
85 | =item noderef - C<host:port,host:port...>, C<id@noderef>, C<id> |
58 | |
86 | |
59 | A noderef is a string that either uniquely identifies a given node (for |
87 | A node reference is a string that either simply identifies the node (for |
60 | private and hidden nodes), or contains a recipe on how to reach a given |
88 | private and slave nodes), or contains a recipe on how to reach a given |
61 | node (for public nodes). |
89 | node (for public nodes). |
62 | |
90 | |
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91 | This recipe is simply a comma-separated list of C<address:port> pairs (for |
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92 | TCP/IP, other protocols might look different). |
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93 | |
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94 | Node references come in two flavours: resolved (containing only numerical |
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95 | addresses) or unresolved (where hostnames are used instead of addresses). |
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96 | |
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97 | Before using an unresolved node reference in a message you first have to |
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98 | resolve it. |
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99 | |
63 | =back |
100 | =back |
64 | |
101 | |
65 | =head1 VARIABLES/FUNCTIONS |
102 | =head1 VARIABLES/FUNCTIONS |
66 | |
103 | |
67 | =over 4 |
104 | =over 4 |
68 | |
105 | |
69 | =cut |
106 | =cut |
70 | |
107 | |
71 | package AnyEvent::MP; |
108 | package AnyEvent::MP; |
72 | |
109 | |
73 | use AnyEvent::MP::Util (); |
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74 | use AnyEvent::MP::Node; |
110 | use AnyEvent::MP::Base; |
75 | use AnyEvent::MP::Transport; |
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76 | |
111 | |
77 | use utf8; |
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78 | use common::sense; |
112 | use common::sense; |
79 | |
113 | |
80 | use Carp (); |
114 | use Carp (); |
81 | |
115 | |
82 | use AE (); |
116 | use AE (); |
83 | |
117 | |
84 | use base "Exporter"; |
118 | use base "Exporter"; |
85 | |
119 | |
86 | our $VERSION = '0.0'; |
120 | our $VERSION = '0.1'; |
87 | our @EXPORT = qw(NODE $NODE $PORT snd rcv _any_); |
121 | our @EXPORT = qw( |
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122 | NODE $NODE *SELF node_of _any_ |
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123 | resolve_node initialise_node |
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124 | snd rcv mon kil reg psub spawn |
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125 | port |
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126 | ); |
88 | |
127 | |
89 | our $DEFAULT_SECRET; |
128 | our $SELF; |
90 | our $DEFAULT_PORT = "4040"; |
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91 | |
129 | |
92 | our $CONNECT_INTERVAL = 5; # new connect every 5s, at least |
130 | sub _self_die() { |
93 | our $CONNECT_TIMEOUT = 30; # includes handshake |
131 | my $msg = $@; |
94 | |
132 | $msg =~ s/\n+$// unless ref $msg; |
95 | sub default_secret { |
133 | kil $SELF, die => $msg; |
96 | unless (defined $DEFAULT_SECRET) { |
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97 | if (open my $fh, "<$ENV{HOME}/.aemp-secret") { |
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98 | sysread $fh, $DEFAULT_SECRET, -s $fh; |
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99 | } else { |
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100 | $DEFAULT_SECRET = AnyEvent::MP::Util::nonce 32; |
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101 | } |
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102 | } |
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103 | |
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104 | $DEFAULT_SECRET |
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105 | } |
134 | } |
106 | |
135 | |
107 | =item NODE / $NODE |
136 | =item $thisnode = NODE / $NODE |
108 | |
137 | |
109 | The C<NODE ()> function and the C<$NODE> variable contain the noderef of |
138 | The C<NODE> function returns, and the C<$NODE> variable contains |
110 | the local node. The value is initialised by a call to C<become_public> or |
139 | the noderef of the local node. The value is initialised by a call |
111 | C<become_slave>, after which all local port identifiers become invalid. |
140 | to C<become_public> or C<become_slave>, after which all local port |
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141 | identifiers become invalid. |
112 | |
142 | |
113 | =cut |
143 | =item $noderef = node_of $port |
114 | |
144 | |
115 | our $UNIQ = sprintf "%x.%x", $$, time; # per-process/node unique cookie |
145 | Extracts and returns the noderef from a portid or a noderef. |
116 | our $PUBLIC = 0; |
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117 | our $NODE; |
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118 | our $PORT; |
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119 | |
146 | |
120 | our %NODE; # node id to transport mapping, or "undef", for local node |
147 | =item initialise_node $noderef, $seednode, $seednode... |
121 | our %PORT; # local ports |
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122 | our %LISTENER; # local transports |
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123 | |
148 | |
124 | sub NODE() { $NODE } |
149 | =item initialise_node "slave/", $master, $master... |
125 | |
150 | |
126 | { |
151 | Before a node can talk to other nodes on the network it has to initialise |
127 | use POSIX (); |
152 | itself - the minimum a node needs to know is it's own name, and optionally |
128 | my $nodename = (POSIX::uname)[1]; |
153 | it should know the noderefs of some other nodes in the network. |
129 | $NODE = "$$\@$nodename"; |
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130 | } |
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131 | |
154 | |
132 | sub _ANY_() { 1 } |
155 | This function initialises a node - it must be called exactly once (or |
133 | sub _any_() { \&_ANY_ } |
156 | never) before calling other AnyEvent::MP functions. |
134 | |
157 | |
135 | sub add_node { |
158 | All arguments are noderefs, which can be either resolved or unresolved. |
136 | my ($noderef) = @_; |
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137 | |
159 | |
138 | return $NODE{$noderef} |
160 | There are two types of networked nodes, public nodes and slave nodes: |
139 | if exists $NODE{$noderef}; |
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140 | |
161 | |
141 | for (split /,/, $noderef) { |
162 | =over 4 |
142 | return $NODE{$noderef} = $NODE{$_} |
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143 | if exists $NODE{$_}; |
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144 | } |
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145 | |
163 | |
146 | # for indirect sends, use a different class |
164 | =item public nodes |
147 | my $node = new AnyEvent::MP::Node::Direct $noderef; |
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148 | |
165 | |
149 | $NODE{$_} = $node |
166 | For public nodes, C<$noderef> must either be a (possibly unresolved) |
150 | for $noderef, split /,/, $noderef; |
167 | noderef, in which case it will be resolved, or C<undef> (or missing), in |
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168 | which case the noderef will be guessed. |
151 | |
169 | |
152 | $node |
170 | Afterwards, the node will bind itself on all endpoints and try to connect |
153 | } |
171 | to all additional C<$seednodes> that are specified. Seednodes are optional |
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172 | and can be used to quickly bootstrap the node into an existing network. |
154 | |
173 | |
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174 | =item slave nodes |
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175 | |
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176 | When the C<$noderef> is the special string C<slave/>, then the node will |
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177 | become a slave node. Slave nodes cannot be contacted from outside and will |
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178 | route most of their traffic to the master node that they attach to. |
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179 | |
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180 | At least one additional noderef is required: The node will try to connect |
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181 | to all of them and will become a slave attached to the first node it can |
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182 | successfully connect to. |
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183 | |
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184 | =back |
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185 | |
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186 | This function will block until all nodes have been resolved and, for slave |
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187 | nodes, until it has successfully established a connection to a master |
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188 | server. |
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189 | |
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190 | Example: become a public node listening on the default node. |
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191 | |
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192 | initialise_node; |
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193 | |
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194 | Example: become a public node, and try to contact some well-known master |
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195 | servers to become part of the network. |
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196 | |
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197 | initialise_node undef, "master1", "master2"; |
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198 | |
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199 | Example: become a public node listening on port C<4041>. |
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200 | |
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201 | initialise_node 4041; |
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202 | |
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203 | Example: become a public node, only visible on localhost port 4044. |
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204 | |
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205 | initialise_node "locahost:4044"; |
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206 | |
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207 | Example: become a slave node to any of the specified master servers. |
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208 | |
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209 | initialise_node "slave/", "master1", "192.168.13.17", "mp.example.net"; |
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210 | |
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211 | =item $cv = resolve_node $noderef |
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212 | |
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213 | Takes an unresolved node reference that may contain hostnames and |
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214 | abbreviated IDs, resolves all of them and returns a resolved node |
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215 | reference. |
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216 | |
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217 | In addition to C<address:port> pairs allowed in resolved noderefs, the |
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218 | following forms are supported: |
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219 | |
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220 | =over 4 |
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221 | |
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222 | =item the empty string |
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223 | |
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224 | An empty-string component gets resolved as if the default port (4040) was |
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225 | specified. |
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226 | |
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227 | =item naked port numbers (e.g. C<1234>) |
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228 | |
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229 | These are resolved by prepending the local nodename and a colon, to be |
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230 | further resolved. |
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231 | |
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232 | =item hostnames (e.g. C<localhost:1234>, C<localhost>) |
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233 | |
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234 | These are resolved by using AnyEvent::DNS to resolve them, optionally |
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235 | looking up SRV records for the C<aemp=4040> port, if no port was |
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236 | specified. |
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237 | |
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238 | =back |
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239 | |
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240 | =item $SELF |
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241 | |
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242 | Contains the current port id while executing C<rcv> callbacks or C<psub> |
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243 | blocks. |
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244 | |
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245 | =item SELF, %SELF, @SELF... |
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246 | |
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247 | Due to some quirks in how perl exports variables, it is impossible to |
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248 | just export C<$SELF>, all the symbols called C<SELF> are exported by this |
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249 | module, but only C<$SELF> is currently used. |
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250 | |
155 | =item snd $portid, type => @data |
251 | =item snd $port, type => @data |
156 | |
252 | |
157 | =item snd $portid, @msg |
253 | =item snd $port, @msg |
158 | |
254 | |
159 | Send the given message to the given port ID, which can identify either a |
255 | Send the given message to the given port ID, which can identify either |
160 | local or a remote port. |
256 | a local or a remote port, and can be either a string or soemthignt hat |
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257 | stringifies a sa port ID (such as a port object :). |
161 | |
258 | |
162 | While the message can be about anything, it is highly recommended to use |
259 | While the message can be about anything, it is highly recommended to use a |
163 | a constant string as first element. |
260 | string as first element (a portid, or some word that indicates a request |
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261 | type etc.). |
164 | |
262 | |
165 | The message data effectively becomes read-only after a call to this |
263 | The message data effectively becomes read-only after a call to this |
166 | function: modifying any argument is not allowed and can cause many |
264 | function: modifying any argument is not allowed and can cause many |
167 | problems. |
265 | problems. |
168 | |
266 | |
… | |
… | |
170 | JSON is used, then only strings, numbers and arrays and hashes consisting |
268 | JSON is used, then only strings, numbers and arrays and hashes consisting |
171 | of those are allowed (no objects). When Storable is used, then anything |
269 | of those are allowed (no objects). When Storable is used, then anything |
172 | that Storable can serialise and deserialise is allowed, and for the local |
270 | that Storable can serialise and deserialise is allowed, and for the local |
173 | node, anything can be passed. |
271 | node, anything can be passed. |
174 | |
272 | |
175 | =cut |
273 | =item $local_port = port |
176 | |
274 | |
177 | sub snd(@) { |
275 | Create a new local port object that can be used either as a pattern |
178 | my ($noderef, $port) = split /#/, shift, 2; |
276 | matching port ("full port") or a single-callback port ("miniport"), |
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277 | depending on how C<rcv> callbacks are bound to the object. |
179 | |
278 | |
180 | add_node $noderef |
279 | =item $port = port { my @msg = @_; $finished } |
181 | unless exists $NODE{$noderef}; |
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182 | |
280 | |
183 | $NODE{$noderef}->send (["$port", [@_]]); |
281 | Creates a "miniport", that is, a very lightweight port without any pattern |
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282 | matching behind it, and returns its ID. Semantically the same as creating |
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283 | a port and calling C<rcv $port, $callback> on it. |
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284 | |
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285 | The block will be called for every message received on the port. When the |
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286 | callback returns a true value its job is considered "done" and the port |
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287 | will be destroyed. Otherwise it will stay alive. |
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288 | |
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289 | The message will be passed as-is, no extra argument (i.e. no port id) will |
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290 | be passed to the callback. |
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291 | |
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292 | If you need the local port id in the callback, this works nicely: |
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293 | |
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294 | my $port; $port = port { |
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295 | snd $otherport, reply => $port; |
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296 | }; |
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297 | |
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298 | =cut |
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299 | |
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300 | sub rcv($@); |
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301 | |
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302 | sub port(;&) { |
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303 | my $id = "$UNIQ." . $ID++; |
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304 | my $port = "$NODE#$id"; |
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305 | |
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306 | if (@_) { |
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307 | rcv $port, shift; |
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308 | } else { |
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309 | $PORT{$id} = sub { }; # nop |
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310 | } |
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311 | |
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312 | $port |
184 | } |
313 | } |
185 | |
314 | |
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315 | =item reg $port, $name |
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316 | |
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317 | =item reg $name |
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318 | |
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319 | Registers the given port (or C<$SELF><<< if missing) under the name |
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320 | C<$name>. If the name already exists it is replaced. |
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321 | |
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322 | A port can only be registered under one well known name. |
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323 | |
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324 | A port automatically becomes unregistered when it is killed. |
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325 | |
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326 | =cut |
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327 | |
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328 | sub reg(@) { |
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329 | my $port = @_ > 1 ? shift : $SELF || Carp::croak 'reg: called with one argument only, but $SELF not set,'; |
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330 | |
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331 | $REG{$_[0]} = $port; |
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332 | } |
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333 | |
186 | =item rcv $portid, type => $callback->(@msg) |
334 | =item rcv $port, $callback->(@msg) |
187 | |
335 | |
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336 | Replaces the callback on the specified miniport (after converting it to |
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337 | one if required). |
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338 | |
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339 | =item rcv $port, tagstring => $callback->(@msg), ... |
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340 | |
188 | =item rcv $portid, $smartmatch => $callback->(@msg) |
341 | =item rcv $port, $smartmatch => $callback->(@msg), ... |
189 | |
342 | |
190 | =item rcv $portid, [$smartmatch...] => $callback->(@msg) |
343 | =item rcv $port, [$smartmatch...] => $callback->(@msg), ... |
191 | |
344 | |
192 | Register a callback on the port identified by C<$portid>, which I<must> be |
345 | Register callbacks to be called on matching messages on the given full |
193 | a local port. |
346 | port (after converting it to one if required) and return the port. |
194 | |
347 | |
195 | The callback has to return a true value when its work is done, after |
348 | The callback has to return a true value when its work is done, after |
196 | which is will be removed, or a false value in which case it will stay |
349 | which is will be removed, or a false value in which case it will stay |
197 | registered. |
350 | registered. |
198 | |
351 | |
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352 | The global C<$SELF> (exported by this module) contains C<$port> while |
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353 | executing the callback. |
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354 | |
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355 | Runtime errors during callback execution will result in the port being |
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356 | C<kil>ed. |
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357 | |
199 | If the match is an array reference, then it will be matched against the |
358 | If the match is an array reference, then it will be matched against the |
200 | first elements of the message, otherwise only the first element is being |
359 | first elements of the message, otherwise only the first element is being |
201 | matched. |
360 | matched. |
202 | |
361 | |
203 | Any element in the match that is specified as C<_any_> (a function |
362 | Any element in the match that is specified as C<_any_> (a function |
… | |
… | |
205 | |
364 | |
206 | While not required, it is highly recommended that the first matching |
365 | While not required, it is highly recommended that the first matching |
207 | element is a string identifying the message. The one-string-only match is |
366 | element is a string identifying the message. The one-string-only match is |
208 | also the most efficient match (by far). |
367 | also the most efficient match (by far). |
209 | |
368 | |
|
|
369 | Example: create a port and bind receivers on it in one go. |
|
|
370 | |
|
|
371 | my $port = rcv port, |
|
|
372 | msg1 => sub { ...; 0 }, |
|
|
373 | msg2 => sub { ...; 0 }, |
|
|
374 | ; |
|
|
375 | |
|
|
376 | Example: create a port, bind receivers and send it in a message elsewhere |
|
|
377 | in one go: |
|
|
378 | |
|
|
379 | snd $otherport, reply => |
|
|
380 | rcv port, |
|
|
381 | msg1 => sub { ...; 0 }, |
|
|
382 | ... |
|
|
383 | ; |
|
|
384 | |
210 | =cut |
385 | =cut |
211 | |
386 | |
212 | sub rcv($@) { |
387 | sub rcv($@) { |
213 | my ($port, $match, $cb) = @_; |
388 | my $port = shift; |
214 | |
|
|
215 | my $port = $PORT{$port} |
|
|
216 | or do { |
|
|
217 | my ($noderef, $lport) = split /#/, $port; |
389 | my ($noderef, $portid) = split /#/, $port, 2; |
218 | "AnyEvent::MP::Node::Self" eq ref $NODE{$noderef} |
390 | |
|
|
391 | ($NODE{$noderef} || add_node $noderef) == $NODE{""} |
219 | or Carp::croak "$port: can only rcv on local ports"; |
392 | or Carp::croak "$port: rcv can only be called on local ports, caught"; |
220 | |
393 | |
221 | $PORT{$lport} |
394 | if (@_ == 1) { |
222 | or Carp::croak "$port: port does not exist"; |
395 | my $cb = shift; |
|
|
396 | delete $PORT_DATA{$portid}; |
|
|
397 | $PORT{$portid} = sub { |
|
|
398 | local $SELF = $port; |
|
|
399 | eval { |
223 | |
400 | &$cb |
224 | $PORT{$port} = $PORT{$lport} # also return |
401 | and kil $port; |
|
|
402 | }; |
|
|
403 | _self_die if $@; |
225 | }; |
404 | }; |
226 | |
|
|
227 | if (!ref $match) { |
|
|
228 | push @{ $port->{rc0}{$match} }, [$cb]; |
|
|
229 | } elsif (("ARRAY" eq ref $match && !ref $match->[0])) { |
|
|
230 | my ($type, @match) = @$match; |
|
|
231 | @match |
|
|
232 | ? push @{ $port->{rcv}{$match->[0]} }, [$cb, \@match] |
|
|
233 | : push @{ $port->{rc0}{$match->[0]} }, [$cb]; |
|
|
234 | } else { |
405 | } else { |
235 | push @{ $port->{any} }, [$cb, $match]; |
406 | my $self = $PORT_DATA{$portid} ||= do { |
236 | } |
407 | my $self = bless { |
237 | } |
408 | id => $port, |
|
|
409 | }, "AnyEvent::MP::Port"; |
238 | |
410 | |
239 | sub _inject { |
411 | $PORT{$portid} = sub { |
240 | my ($port, $msg) = @{+shift}; |
412 | local $SELF = $port; |
241 | |
413 | |
242 | $port = $PORT{$port} |
414 | eval { |
243 | or return; |
415 | for (@{ $self->{rc0}{$_[0]} }) { |
244 | |
|
|
245 | @_ = @$msg; |
|
|
246 | |
|
|
247 | for (@{ $port->{rc0}{$msg->[0]} }) { |
|
|
248 | $_ && &{$_->[0]} |
416 | $_ && &{$_->[0]} |
249 | && undef $_; |
417 | && undef $_; |
250 | } |
|
|
251 | |
|
|
252 | for (@{ $port->{rcv}{$msg->[0]} }) { |
|
|
253 | $_ && [@_[1..$#{$_->[1]}]] ~~ $_->[1] |
|
|
254 | && &{$_->[0]} |
|
|
255 | && undef $_; |
|
|
256 | } |
|
|
257 | |
|
|
258 | for (@{ $port->{any} }) { |
|
|
259 | $_ && [@_[0..$#{$_->[1]}]] ~~ $_->[1] |
|
|
260 | && &{$_->[0]} |
|
|
261 | && undef $_; |
|
|
262 | } |
|
|
263 | } |
|
|
264 | |
|
|
265 | sub normalise_noderef($) { |
|
|
266 | my ($noderef) = @_; |
|
|
267 | |
|
|
268 | my $cv = AE::cv; |
|
|
269 | my @res; |
|
|
270 | |
|
|
271 | $cv->begin (sub { |
|
|
272 | my %seen; |
|
|
273 | my @refs; |
|
|
274 | for (sort { $a->[0] <=> $b->[0] } @res) { |
|
|
275 | push @refs, $_->[1] unless $seen{$_->[1]}++ |
|
|
276 | } |
|
|
277 | shift->send (join ",", @refs); |
|
|
278 | }); |
|
|
279 | |
|
|
280 | $noderef = $DEFAULT_PORT unless length $noderef; |
|
|
281 | |
|
|
282 | my $idx; |
|
|
283 | for my $t (split /,/, $noderef) { |
|
|
284 | my $pri = ++$idx; |
|
|
285 | |
|
|
286 | #TODO: this should be outside normalise_noderef and in become_public |
|
|
287 | if ($t =~ /^\d*$/) { |
|
|
288 | my $nodename = (POSIX::uname)[1]; |
|
|
289 | |
|
|
290 | $cv->begin; |
|
|
291 | AnyEvent::Socket::resolve_sockaddr $nodename, $t || "aemp=$DEFAULT_PORT", "tcp", 0, undef, sub { |
|
|
292 | for (@_) { |
|
|
293 | my ($service, $host) = AnyEvent::Socket::unpack_sockaddr $_->[3]; |
|
|
294 | push @res, [ |
|
|
295 | $pri += 1e-5, |
|
|
296 | AnyEvent::Socket::format_hostport AnyEvent::Socket::format_address $host, $service |
|
|
297 | ]; |
418 | } |
|
|
419 | |
|
|
420 | for (@{ $self->{rcv}{$_[0]} }) { |
|
|
421 | $_ && [@_[1 .. @{$_->[1]}]] ~~ $_->[1] |
|
|
422 | && &{$_->[0]} |
|
|
423 | && undef $_; |
|
|
424 | } |
|
|
425 | |
|
|
426 | for (@{ $self->{any} }) { |
|
|
427 | $_ && [@_[0 .. $#{$_->[1]}]] ~~ $_->[1] |
|
|
428 | && &{$_->[0]} |
|
|
429 | && undef $_; |
|
|
430 | } |
298 | } |
431 | }; |
299 | $cv->end; |
432 | _self_die if $@; |
300 | }; |
433 | }; |
301 | |
434 | |
302 | # my (undef, undef, undef, undef, @ipv4) = gethostbyname $nodename; |
435 | $self |
303 | # |
436 | }; |
304 | # for (@ipv4) { |
437 | |
305 | # push @res, [ |
438 | "AnyEvent::MP::Port" eq ref $self |
306 | # $pri, |
439 | or Carp::croak "$port: rcv can only be called on message matching ports, caught"; |
307 | # AnyEvent::Socket::format_hostport AnyEvent::Socket::format_address $_, $t || $DEFAULT_PORT, |
440 | |
308 | # ]; |
441 | while (@_) { |
309 | # } |
442 | my ($match, $cb) = splice @_, 0, 2; |
|
|
443 | |
|
|
444 | if (!ref $match) { |
|
|
445 | push @{ $self->{rc0}{$match} }, [$cb]; |
|
|
446 | } elsif (("ARRAY" eq ref $match && !ref $match->[0])) { |
|
|
447 | my ($type, @match) = @$match; |
|
|
448 | @match |
|
|
449 | ? push @{ $self->{rcv}{$match->[0]} }, [$cb, \@match] |
|
|
450 | : push @{ $self->{rc0}{$match->[0]} }, [$cb]; |
310 | } else { |
451 | } else { |
311 | my ($host, $port) = AnyEvent::Socket::parse_hostport $t, "aemp=$DEFAULT_PORT" |
452 | push @{ $self->{any} }, [$cb, $match]; |
312 | or Carp::croak "$t: unparsable transport descriptor"; |
|
|
313 | |
|
|
314 | $cv->begin; |
|
|
315 | AnyEvent::Socket::resolve_sockaddr $host, $port, "tcp", 0, undef, sub { |
|
|
316 | for (@_) { |
|
|
317 | my ($service, $host) = AnyEvent::Socket::unpack_sockaddr $_->[3]; |
|
|
318 | push @res, [ |
|
|
319 | $pri += 1e-5, |
|
|
320 | AnyEvent::Socket::format_hostport AnyEvent::Socket::format_address $host, $service |
|
|
321 | ]; |
|
|
322 | } |
|
|
323 | $cv->end; |
|
|
324 | } |
453 | } |
325 | } |
454 | } |
326 | } |
455 | } |
327 | |
456 | |
328 | $cv->end; |
457 | $port |
329 | |
|
|
330 | $cv |
|
|
331 | } |
458 | } |
332 | |
459 | |
333 | sub become_public { |
460 | =item $closure = psub { BLOCK } |
334 | return if $PUBLIC; |
|
|
335 | |
461 | |
336 | my $noderef = join ",", ref $_[0] ? @{+shift} : shift; |
462 | Remembers C<$SELF> and creates a closure out of the BLOCK. When the |
337 | my @args = @_; |
463 | closure is executed, sets up the environment in the same way as in C<rcv> |
|
|
464 | callbacks, i.e. runtime errors will cause the port to get C<kil>ed. |
338 | |
465 | |
339 | $NODE = (normalise_noderef $noderef)->recv; |
466 | This is useful when you register callbacks from C<rcv> callbacks: |
340 | |
467 | |
341 | for my $t (split /,/, $NODE) { |
468 | rcv delayed_reply => sub { |
342 | $NODE{$t} = $NODE{""}; |
469 | my ($delay, @reply) = @_; |
343 | |
470 | my $timer = AE::timer $delay, 0, psub { |
344 | my ($host, $port) = AnyEvent::Socket::parse_hostport $t; |
471 | snd @reply, $SELF; |
345 | |
|
|
346 | $LISTENER{$t} = AnyEvent::MP::Transport::mp_server $host, $port, |
|
|
347 | @args, |
|
|
348 | on_error => sub { |
|
|
349 | die "on_error<@_>\n";#d# |
|
|
350 | }, |
|
|
351 | on_connect => sub { |
|
|
352 | my ($tp) = @_; |
|
|
353 | |
|
|
354 | $NODE{$tp->{remote_id}} = $_[0]; |
|
|
355 | }, |
|
|
356 | sub { |
|
|
357 | my ($tp) = @_; |
|
|
358 | |
|
|
359 | $NODE{"$tp->{peerhost}:$tp->{peerport}"} = $tp; |
|
|
360 | }, |
|
|
361 | ; |
472 | }; |
|
|
473 | }; |
|
|
474 | |
|
|
475 | =cut |
|
|
476 | |
|
|
477 | sub psub(&) { |
|
|
478 | my $cb = shift; |
|
|
479 | |
|
|
480 | my $port = $SELF |
|
|
481 | or Carp::croak "psub can only be called from within rcv or psub callbacks, not"; |
|
|
482 | |
|
|
483 | sub { |
|
|
484 | local $SELF = $port; |
|
|
485 | |
|
|
486 | if (wantarray) { |
|
|
487 | my @res = eval { &$cb }; |
|
|
488 | _self_die if $@; |
|
|
489 | @res |
|
|
490 | } else { |
|
|
491 | my $res = eval { &$cb }; |
|
|
492 | _self_die if $@; |
|
|
493 | $res |
|
|
494 | } |
362 | } |
495 | } |
|
|
496 | } |
363 | |
497 | |
364 | $PUBLIC = 1; |
498 | =item $guard = mon $port, $cb->(@reason) |
|
|
499 | |
|
|
500 | =item $guard = mon $port, $rcvport |
|
|
501 | |
|
|
502 | =item $guard = mon $port |
|
|
503 | |
|
|
504 | =item $guard = mon $port, $rcvport, @msg |
|
|
505 | |
|
|
506 | Monitor the given port and do something when the port is killed, and |
|
|
507 | optionally return a guard that can be used to stop monitoring again. |
|
|
508 | |
|
|
509 | In the first form (callback), the callback is simply called with any |
|
|
510 | number of C<@reason> elements (no @reason means that the port was deleted |
|
|
511 | "normally"). Note also that I<< the callback B<must> never die >>, so use |
|
|
512 | C<eval> if unsure. |
|
|
513 | |
|
|
514 | In the second form (another port given), the other port (C<$rcvport) |
|
|
515 | will be C<kil>'ed with C<@reason>, iff a @reason was specified, i.e. on |
|
|
516 | "normal" kils nothing happens, while under all other conditions, the other |
|
|
517 | port is killed with the same reason. |
|
|
518 | |
|
|
519 | The third form (kill self) is the same as the second form, except that |
|
|
520 | C<$rvport> defaults to C<$SELF>. |
|
|
521 | |
|
|
522 | In the last form (message), a message of the form C<@msg, @reason> will be |
|
|
523 | C<snd>. |
|
|
524 | |
|
|
525 | As a rule of thumb, monitoring requests should always monitor a port from |
|
|
526 | a local port (or callback). The reason is that kill messages might get |
|
|
527 | lost, just like any other message. Another less obvious reason is that |
|
|
528 | even monitoring requests can get lost (for exmaple, when the connection |
|
|
529 | to the other node goes down permanently). When monitoring a port locally |
|
|
530 | these problems do not exist. |
|
|
531 | |
|
|
532 | Example: call a given callback when C<$port> is killed. |
|
|
533 | |
|
|
534 | mon $port, sub { warn "port died because of <@_>\n" }; |
|
|
535 | |
|
|
536 | Example: kill ourselves when C<$port> is killed abnormally. |
|
|
537 | |
|
|
538 | mon $port; |
|
|
539 | |
|
|
540 | Example: send us a restart message when another C<$port> is killed. |
|
|
541 | |
|
|
542 | mon $port, $self => "restart"; |
|
|
543 | |
|
|
544 | =cut |
|
|
545 | |
|
|
546 | sub mon { |
|
|
547 | my ($noderef, $port) = split /#/, shift, 2; |
|
|
548 | |
|
|
549 | my $node = $NODE{$noderef} || add_node $noderef; |
|
|
550 | |
|
|
551 | my $cb = @_ ? $_[0] : $SELF || Carp::croak 'mon: called with one argument only, but $SELF not set,'; |
|
|
552 | |
|
|
553 | unless (ref $cb) { |
|
|
554 | if (@_) { |
|
|
555 | # send a kill info message |
|
|
556 | my (@msg) = @_; |
|
|
557 | $cb = sub { snd @msg, @_ }; |
|
|
558 | } else { |
|
|
559 | # simply kill other port |
|
|
560 | my $port = $cb; |
|
|
561 | $cb = sub { kil $port, @_ if @_ }; |
|
|
562 | } |
|
|
563 | } |
|
|
564 | |
|
|
565 | $node->monitor ($port, $cb); |
|
|
566 | |
|
|
567 | defined wantarray |
|
|
568 | and AnyEvent::Util::guard { $node->unmonitor ($port, $cb) } |
|
|
569 | } |
|
|
570 | |
|
|
571 | =item $guard = mon_guard $port, $ref, $ref... |
|
|
572 | |
|
|
573 | Monitors the given C<$port> and keeps the passed references. When the port |
|
|
574 | is killed, the references will be freed. |
|
|
575 | |
|
|
576 | Optionally returns a guard that will stop the monitoring. |
|
|
577 | |
|
|
578 | This function is useful when you create e.g. timers or other watchers and |
|
|
579 | want to free them when the port gets killed: |
|
|
580 | |
|
|
581 | $port->rcv (start => sub { |
|
|
582 | my $timer; $timer = mon_guard $port, AE::timer 1, 1, sub { |
|
|
583 | undef $timer if 0.9 < rand; |
|
|
584 | }); |
|
|
585 | }); |
|
|
586 | |
|
|
587 | =cut |
|
|
588 | |
|
|
589 | sub mon_guard { |
|
|
590 | my ($port, @refs) = @_; |
|
|
591 | |
|
|
592 | #TODO: mon-less form? |
|
|
593 | |
|
|
594 | mon $port, sub { 0 && @refs } |
|
|
595 | } |
|
|
596 | |
|
|
597 | =item kil $port[, @reason] |
|
|
598 | |
|
|
599 | Kill the specified port with the given C<@reason>. |
|
|
600 | |
|
|
601 | If no C<@reason> is specified, then the port is killed "normally" (linked |
|
|
602 | ports will not be kileld, or even notified). |
|
|
603 | |
|
|
604 | Otherwise, linked ports get killed with the same reason (second form of |
|
|
605 | C<mon>, see below). |
|
|
606 | |
|
|
607 | Runtime errors while evaluating C<rcv> callbacks or inside C<psub> blocks |
|
|
608 | will be reported as reason C<< die => $@ >>. |
|
|
609 | |
|
|
610 | Transport/communication errors are reported as C<< transport_error => |
|
|
611 | $message >>. |
|
|
612 | |
|
|
613 | =cut |
|
|
614 | |
|
|
615 | =item $port = spawn $node, $initfunc[, @initdata] |
|
|
616 | |
|
|
617 | Creates a port on the node C<$node> (which can also be a port ID, in which |
|
|
618 | case it's the node where that port resides). |
|
|
619 | |
|
|
620 | The port ID of the newly created port is return immediately, and it is |
|
|
621 | permissible to immediately start sending messages or monitor the port. |
|
|
622 | |
|
|
623 | After the port has been created, the init function is |
|
|
624 | called. This function must be a fully-qualified function name |
|
|
625 | (e.g. C<MyApp::Chat::Server::init>). To specify a function in the main |
|
|
626 | program, use C<::name>. |
|
|
627 | |
|
|
628 | If the function doesn't exist, then the node tries to C<require> |
|
|
629 | the package, then the package above the package and so on (e.g. |
|
|
630 | C<MyApp::Chat::Server>, C<MyApp::Chat>, C<MyApp>) until the function |
|
|
631 | exists or it runs out of package names. |
|
|
632 | |
|
|
633 | The init function is then called with the newly-created port as context |
|
|
634 | object (C<$SELF>) and the C<@initdata> values as arguments. |
|
|
635 | |
|
|
636 | A common idiom is to pass your own port, monitor the spawned port, and |
|
|
637 | in the init function, monitor the original port. This two-way monitoring |
|
|
638 | ensures that both ports get cleaned up when there is a problem. |
|
|
639 | |
|
|
640 | Example: spawn a chat server port on C<$othernode>. |
|
|
641 | |
|
|
642 | # this node, executed from within a port context: |
|
|
643 | my $server = spawn $othernode, "MyApp::Chat::Server::connect", $SELF; |
|
|
644 | mon $server; |
|
|
645 | |
|
|
646 | # init function on C<$othernode> |
|
|
647 | sub connect { |
|
|
648 | my ($srcport) = @_; |
|
|
649 | |
|
|
650 | mon $srcport; |
|
|
651 | |
|
|
652 | rcv $SELF, sub { |
|
|
653 | ... |
|
|
654 | }; |
|
|
655 | } |
|
|
656 | |
|
|
657 | =cut |
|
|
658 | |
|
|
659 | sub _spawn { |
|
|
660 | my $port = shift; |
|
|
661 | my $init = shift; |
|
|
662 | |
|
|
663 | local $SELF = "$NODE#$port"; |
|
|
664 | eval { |
|
|
665 | &{ load_func $init } |
|
|
666 | }; |
|
|
667 | _self_die if $@; |
|
|
668 | } |
|
|
669 | |
|
|
670 | sub spawn(@) { |
|
|
671 | my ($noderef, undef) = split /#/, shift, 2; |
|
|
672 | |
|
|
673 | my $id = "$RUNIQ." . $ID++; |
|
|
674 | |
|
|
675 | $_[0] =~ /::/ |
|
|
676 | or Carp::croak "spawn init function must be a fully-qualified name, caught"; |
|
|
677 | |
|
|
678 | ($NODE{$noderef} || add_node $noderef) |
|
|
679 | ->send (["", "AnyEvent::MP::_spawn" => $id, @_]); |
|
|
680 | |
|
|
681 | "$noderef#$id" |
365 | } |
682 | } |
366 | |
683 | |
367 | =back |
684 | =back |
368 | |
685 | |
369 | =head1 NODE MESSAGES |
686 | =head1 NODE MESSAGES |
… | |
… | |
371 | Nodes understand the following messages sent to them. Many of them take |
688 | Nodes understand the following messages sent to them. Many of them take |
372 | arguments called C<@reply>, which will simply be used to compose a reply |
689 | arguments called C<@reply>, which will simply be used to compose a reply |
373 | message - C<$reply[0]> is the port to reply to, C<$reply[1]> the type and |
690 | message - C<$reply[0]> is the port to reply to, C<$reply[1]> the type and |
374 | the remaining arguments are simply the message data. |
691 | the remaining arguments are simply the message data. |
375 | |
692 | |
|
|
693 | While other messages exist, they are not public and subject to change. |
|
|
694 | |
376 | =over 4 |
695 | =over 4 |
377 | |
696 | |
378 | =cut |
697 | =cut |
379 | |
698 | |
380 | ############################################################################# |
699 | =item lookup => $name, @reply |
381 | # self node code |
|
|
382 | |
700 | |
383 | sub _new_port($) { |
701 | Replies with the port ID of the specified well-known port, or C<undef>. |
384 | my ($name) = @_; |
|
|
385 | |
702 | |
386 | my ($noderef, $portname) = split /#/, $name; |
703 | =item devnull => ... |
387 | |
704 | |
388 | $PORT{$name} = |
705 | Generic data sink/CPU heat conversion. |
389 | $PORT{$portname} = { |
|
|
390 | names => [$name, $portname], |
|
|
391 | }; |
|
|
392 | } |
|
|
393 | |
|
|
394 | $NODE{""} = new AnyEvent::MP::Node::Self noderef => $NODE; |
|
|
395 | _new_port ""; |
|
|
396 | |
706 | |
397 | =item relay => $port, @msg |
707 | =item relay => $port, @msg |
398 | |
708 | |
399 | Simply forwards the message to the given port. |
709 | Simply forwards the message to the given port. |
400 | |
|
|
401 | =cut |
|
|
402 | |
|
|
403 | rcv "", relay => \&snd; |
|
|
404 | |
710 | |
405 | =item eval => $string[ @reply] |
711 | =item eval => $string[ @reply] |
406 | |
712 | |
407 | Evaluates the given string. If C<@reply> is given, then a message of the |
713 | Evaluates the given string. If C<@reply> is given, then a message of the |
408 | form C<@reply, $@, @evalres> is sent. |
714 | form C<@reply, $@, @evalres> is sent. |
409 | |
715 | |
410 | Example: crash another node. |
716 | Example: crash another node. |
411 | |
717 | |
412 | snd $othernode, eval => "exit"; |
718 | snd $othernode, eval => "exit"; |
413 | |
719 | |
414 | =cut |
|
|
415 | |
|
|
416 | rcv "", eval => sub { |
|
|
417 | my (undef, $string, @reply) = @_; |
|
|
418 | my @res = eval $string; |
|
|
419 | snd @reply, "$@", @res if @reply; |
|
|
420 | }; |
|
|
421 | |
|
|
422 | =item time => @reply |
720 | =item time => @reply |
423 | |
721 | |
424 | Replies the the current node time to C<@reply>. |
722 | Replies the the current node time to C<@reply>. |
425 | |
723 | |
426 | Example: tell the current node to send the current time to C<$myport> in a |
724 | Example: tell the current node to send the current time to C<$myport> in a |
427 | C<timereply> message. |
725 | C<timereply> message. |
428 | |
726 | |
429 | snd $NODE, time => $myport, timereply => 1, 2; |
727 | snd $NODE, time => $myport, timereply => 1, 2; |
430 | # => snd $myport, timereply => 1, 2, <time> |
728 | # => snd $myport, timereply => 1, 2, <time> |
431 | |
729 | |
432 | =cut |
730 | =back |
433 | |
731 | |
434 | rcv "", time => sub { shift; snd @_, AE::time }; |
732 | =head1 AnyEvent::MP vs. Distributed Erlang |
|
|
733 | |
|
|
734 | AnyEvent::MP got lots of its ideas from distributed Erlang (Erlang node |
|
|
735 | == aemp node, Erlang process == aemp port), so many of the documents and |
|
|
736 | programming techniques employed by Erlang apply to AnyEvent::MP. Here is a |
|
|
737 | sample: |
|
|
738 | |
|
|
739 | http://www.Erlang.se/doc/programming_rules.shtml |
|
|
740 | http://Erlang.org/doc/getting_started/part_frame.html # chapters 3 and 4 |
|
|
741 | http://Erlang.org/download/Erlang-book-part1.pdf # chapters 5 and 6 |
|
|
742 | http://Erlang.org/download/armstrong_thesis_2003.pdf # chapters 4 and 5 |
|
|
743 | |
|
|
744 | Despite the similarities, there are also some important differences: |
|
|
745 | |
|
|
746 | =over 4 |
|
|
747 | |
|
|
748 | =item * Node references contain the recipe on how to contact them. |
|
|
749 | |
|
|
750 | Erlang relies on special naming and DNS to work everywhere in the |
|
|
751 | same way. AEMP relies on each node knowing it's own address(es), with |
|
|
752 | convenience functionality. |
|
|
753 | |
|
|
754 | This means that AEMP requires a less tightly controlled environment at the |
|
|
755 | cost of longer node references and a slightly higher management overhead. |
|
|
756 | |
|
|
757 | =item * Erlang uses processes and a mailbox, AEMP does not queue. |
|
|
758 | |
|
|
759 | Erlang uses processes that selctively receive messages, and therefore |
|
|
760 | needs a queue. AEMP is event based, queuing messages would serve no useful |
|
|
761 | purpose. |
|
|
762 | |
|
|
763 | (But see L<Coro::MP> for a more Erlang-like process model on top of AEMP). |
|
|
764 | |
|
|
765 | =item * Erlang sends are synchronous, AEMP sends are asynchronous. |
|
|
766 | |
|
|
767 | Sending messages in Erlang is synchronous and blocks the process. AEMP |
|
|
768 | sends are immediate, connection establishment is handled in the |
|
|
769 | background. |
|
|
770 | |
|
|
771 | =item * Erlang can silently lose messages, AEMP cannot. |
|
|
772 | |
|
|
773 | Erlang makes few guarantees on messages delivery - messages can get lost |
|
|
774 | without any of the processes realising it (i.e. you send messages a, b, |
|
|
775 | and c, and the other side only receives messages a and c). |
|
|
776 | |
|
|
777 | AEMP guarantees correct ordering, and the guarantee that there are no |
|
|
778 | holes in the message sequence. |
|
|
779 | |
|
|
780 | =item * In Erlang, processes can be declared dead and later be found to be |
|
|
781 | alive. |
|
|
782 | |
|
|
783 | In Erlang it can happen that a monitored process is declared dead and |
|
|
784 | linked processes get killed, but later it turns out that the process is |
|
|
785 | still alive - and can receive messages. |
|
|
786 | |
|
|
787 | In AEMP, when port monitoring detects a port as dead, then that port will |
|
|
788 | eventually be killed - it cannot happen that a node detects a port as dead |
|
|
789 | and then later sends messages to it, finding it is still alive. |
|
|
790 | |
|
|
791 | =item * Erlang can send messages to the wrong port, AEMP does not. |
|
|
792 | |
|
|
793 | In Erlang it is quite possible that a node that restarts reuses a process |
|
|
794 | ID known to other nodes for a completely different process, causing |
|
|
795 | messages destined for that process to end up in an unrelated process. |
|
|
796 | |
|
|
797 | AEMP never reuses port IDs, so old messages or old port IDs floating |
|
|
798 | around in the network will not be sent to an unrelated port. |
|
|
799 | |
|
|
800 | =item * Erlang uses unprotected connections, AEMP uses secure |
|
|
801 | authentication and can use TLS. |
|
|
802 | |
|
|
803 | AEMP can use a proven protocol - SSL/TLS - to protect connections and |
|
|
804 | securely authenticate nodes. |
|
|
805 | |
|
|
806 | =item * The AEMP protocol is optimised for both text-based and binary |
|
|
807 | communications. |
|
|
808 | |
|
|
809 | The AEMP protocol, unlike the Erlang protocol, supports both |
|
|
810 | language-independent text-only protocols (good for debugging) and binary, |
|
|
811 | language-specific serialisers (e.g. Storable). |
|
|
812 | |
|
|
813 | It has also been carefully designed to be implementable in other languages |
|
|
814 | with a minimum of work while gracefully degrading fucntionality to make the |
|
|
815 | protocol simple. |
|
|
816 | |
|
|
817 | =item * AEMP has more flexible monitoring options than Erlang. |
|
|
818 | |
|
|
819 | In Erlang, you can chose to receive I<all> exit signals as messages |
|
|
820 | or I<none>, there is no in-between, so monitoring single processes is |
|
|
821 | difficult to implement. Monitoring in AEMP is more flexible than in |
|
|
822 | Erlang, as one can choose between automatic kill, exit message or callback |
|
|
823 | on a per-process basis. |
|
|
824 | |
|
|
825 | =item * Erlang tries to hide remote/local connections, AEMP does not. |
|
|
826 | |
|
|
827 | Monitoring in Erlang is not an indicator of process death/crashes, |
|
|
828 | as linking is (except linking is unreliable in Erlang). |
|
|
829 | |
|
|
830 | In AEMP, you don't "look up" registered port names or send to named ports |
|
|
831 | that might or might not be persistent. Instead, you normally spawn a port |
|
|
832 | on the remote node. The init function monitors the you, and you monitor |
|
|
833 | the remote port. Since both monitors are local to the node, they are much |
|
|
834 | more reliable. |
|
|
835 | |
|
|
836 | This also saves round-trips and avoids sending messages to the wrong port |
|
|
837 | (hard to do in Erlang). |
435 | |
838 | |
436 | =back |
839 | =back |
437 | |
840 | |
438 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
841 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
439 | |
842 | |