… | |
… | |
11 | NODE $port # returns the noderef of the port |
11 | NODE $port # returns the noderef of the port |
12 | |
12 | |
13 | $SELF # receiving/own port id in rcv callbacks |
13 | $SELF # receiving/own port id in rcv callbacks |
14 | |
14 | |
15 | # initialise the node so it can send/receive messages |
15 | # initialise the node so it can send/receive messages |
16 | initialise_node; # -OR- |
16 | initialise_node; |
17 | initialise_node "localhost:4040"; # -OR- |
|
|
18 | initialise_node "slave/", "localhost:4040" |
|
|
19 | |
17 | |
20 | # ports are message endpoints |
18 | # ports are message endpoints |
21 | |
19 | |
22 | # sending messages |
20 | # sending messages |
23 | snd $port, type => data...; |
21 | snd $port, type => data...; |
24 | snd $port, @msg; |
22 | snd $port, @msg; |
25 | snd @msg_with_first_element_being_a_port; |
23 | snd @msg_with_first_element_being_a_port; |
26 | |
24 | |
27 | # creating/using ports, the simple way |
25 | # creating/using ports, the simple way |
28 | my $somple_port = port { my @msg = @_; 0 }; |
26 | my $simple_port = port { my @msg = @_; 0 }; |
29 | |
27 | |
30 | # creating/using ports, tagged message matching |
28 | # creating/using ports, tagged message matching |
31 | my $port = port; |
29 | my $port = port; |
32 | rcv $port, ping => sub { snd $_[0], "pong"; 0 }; |
30 | rcv $port, ping => sub { snd $_[0], "pong"; 0 }; |
33 | rcv $port, pong => sub { warn "pong received\n"; 0 }; |
31 | rcv $port, pong => sub { warn "pong received\n"; 0 }; |
… | |
… | |
69 | |
67 | |
70 | =item port |
68 | =item port |
71 | |
69 | |
72 | A port is something you can send messages to (with the C<snd> function). |
70 | A port is something you can send messages to (with the C<snd> function). |
73 | |
71 | |
74 | Some ports allow you to register C<rcv> handlers that can match specific |
72 | Ports allow you to register C<rcv> handlers that can match all or just |
75 | messages. All C<rcv> handlers will receive messages they match, messages |
73 | some messages. Messages send to ports will not be queued, regardless of |
76 | will not be queued. |
74 | anything was listening for them or not. |
77 | |
75 | |
78 | =item port id - C<noderef#portname> |
76 | =item port ID - C<noderef#portname> |
79 | |
77 | |
80 | A port id is normaly the concatenation of a noderef, a hash-mark (C<#>) as |
78 | A port ID is the concatenation of a noderef, a hash-mark (C<#>) as |
81 | separator, and a port name (a printable string of unspecified format). An |
79 | separator, and a port name (a printable string of unspecified format). An |
82 | exception is the the node port, whose ID is identical to its node |
80 | exception is the the node port, whose ID is identical to its node |
83 | reference. |
81 | reference. |
84 | |
82 | |
85 | =item node |
83 | =item node |
86 | |
84 | |
87 | A node is a single process containing at least one port - the node |
85 | A node is a single process containing at least one port - the node port, |
88 | port. You can send messages to node ports to find existing ports or to |
86 | which provides nodes to manage each other remotely, and to create new |
89 | create new ports, among other things. |
87 | ports. |
90 | |
88 | |
91 | Nodes are either private (single-process only), slaves (connected to a |
89 | Nodes are either private (single-process only), slaves (can only talk to |
92 | master node only) or public nodes (connectable from unrelated nodes). |
90 | public nodes, but do not need an open port) or public nodes (connectable |
|
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91 | from any other node). |
93 | |
92 | |
94 | =item noderef - C<host:port,host:port...>, C<id@noderef>, C<id> |
93 | =item node ID - C<[a-za-Z0-9_\-.:]+> |
95 | |
94 | |
96 | A node reference is a string that either simply identifies the node (for |
95 | A node ID is a string that uniquely identifies the node within a |
97 | private and slave nodes), or contains a recipe on how to reach a given |
96 | network. Depending on the configuration used, node IDs can look like a |
98 | node (for public nodes). |
97 | hostname, a hostname and a port, or a random string. AnyEvent::MP itself |
|
|
98 | doesn't interpret node IDs in any way. |
99 | |
99 | |
100 | This recipe is simply a comma-separated list of C<address:port> pairs (for |
100 | =item binds - C<ip:port> |
101 | TCP/IP, other protocols might look different). |
|
|
102 | |
101 | |
103 | Node references come in two flavours: resolved (containing only numerical |
102 | Nodes can only talk to each other by creating some kind of connection to |
104 | addresses) or unresolved (where hostnames are used instead of addresses). |
103 | each other. To do this, nodes should listen on one or more local transport |
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104 | endpoints - binds. Currently, only standard C<ip:port> specifications can |
|
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105 | be used, which specify TCP ports to listen on. |
105 | |
106 | |
106 | Before using an unresolved node reference in a message you first have to |
107 | =item seeds - C<host:port> |
107 | resolve it. |
108 | |
|
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109 | When a node starts, it knows nothing about the network. To teach the node |
|
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110 | about the network it first has to contact some other node within the |
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111 | network. This node is called a seed. |
|
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112 | |
|
|
113 | Seeds are transport endpoint(s) of as many nodes as one wants. Those nodes |
|
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114 | are expected to be long-running, and at least one of those should always |
|
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115 | be available. When nodes run out of connections (e.g. due to a network |
|
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116 | error), they try to re-establish connections to some seednodes again to |
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117 | join the network. |
108 | |
118 | |
109 | =back |
119 | =back |
110 | |
120 | |
111 | =head1 VARIABLES/FUNCTIONS |
121 | =head1 VARIABLES/FUNCTIONS |
112 | |
122 | |
… | |
… | |
127 | use base "Exporter"; |
137 | use base "Exporter"; |
128 | |
138 | |
129 | our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::MP::Kernel::VERSION; |
139 | our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::MP::Kernel::VERSION; |
130 | |
140 | |
131 | our @EXPORT = qw( |
141 | our @EXPORT = qw( |
132 | NODE $NODE *SELF node_of _any_ |
142 | NODE $NODE *SELF node_of after |
133 | resolve_node initialise_node |
143 | resolve_node initialise_node |
134 | snd rcv mon kil reg psub spawn |
144 | snd rcv mon mon_guard kil reg psub spawn |
135 | port |
145 | port |
136 | ); |
146 | ); |
137 | |
147 | |
138 | our $SELF; |
148 | our $SELF; |
139 | |
149 | |
… | |
… | |
143 | kil $SELF, die => $msg; |
153 | kil $SELF, die => $msg; |
144 | } |
154 | } |
145 | |
155 | |
146 | =item $thisnode = NODE / $NODE |
156 | =item $thisnode = NODE / $NODE |
147 | |
157 | |
148 | The C<NODE> function returns, and the C<$NODE> variable contains the |
158 | The C<NODE> function returns, and the C<$NODE> variable contains the node |
149 | noderef of the local node. The value is initialised by a call to |
159 | ID of the node running in the current process. This value is initialised by |
150 | C<initialise_node>. |
160 | a call to C<initialise_node>. |
151 | |
161 | |
152 | =item $noderef = node_of $port |
162 | =item $nodeid = node_of $port |
153 | |
163 | |
154 | Extracts and returns the noderef from a port ID or a noderef. |
164 | Extracts and returns the node ID part from a port ID or a node ID. |
155 | |
165 | |
156 | =item initialise_node $noderef, $seednode, $seednode... |
166 | =item initialise_node $profile_name |
157 | |
167 | |
158 | =item initialise_node "slave/", $master, $master... |
|
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159 | |
|
|
160 | Before a node can talk to other nodes on the network it has to initialise |
168 | Before a node can talk to other nodes on the network (i.e. enter |
161 | itself - the minimum a node needs to know is it's own name, and optionally |
169 | "distributed mode") it has to initialise itself - the minimum a node needs |
162 | it should know the noderefs of some other nodes in the network. |
170 | to know is its own name, and optionally it should know the addresses of |
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171 | some other nodes in the network to discover other nodes. |
163 | |
172 | |
164 | This function initialises a node - it must be called exactly once (or |
173 | This function initialises a node - it must be called exactly once (or |
165 | never) before calling other AnyEvent::MP functions. |
174 | never) before calling other AnyEvent::MP functions. |
166 | |
175 | |
167 | All arguments (optionally except for the first) are noderefs, which can be |
176 | The first argument is a profile name. If it is C<undef> or missing, then |
168 | either resolved or unresolved. |
177 | the current nodename will be used instead (i.e. F<uname -n>). |
169 | |
178 | |
170 | The first argument will be looked up in the configuration database first |
179 | The function then looks up the profile in the aemp configuration (see the |
171 | (if it is C<undef> then the current nodename will be used instead) to find |
180 | L<aemp> commandline utility). |
172 | the relevant configuration profile (see L<aemp>). If none is found then |
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173 | the default configuration is used. The configuration supplies additional |
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174 | seed/master nodes and can override the actual noderef. |
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175 | |
181 | |
176 | There are two types of networked nodes, public nodes and slave nodes: |
182 | If the profile specifies a node ID, then this will become the node ID of |
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183 | this process. If not, then the profile name will be used as node ID. The |
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184 | special node ID of C<anon/> will be replaced by a random node ID. |
177 | |
185 | |
178 | =over 4 |
186 | The next step is to look up the binds in the profile, followed by binding |
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|
187 | aemp protocol listeners on all binds specified (it is possible and valid |
|
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188 | to have no binds, meaning that the node cannot be contacted form the |
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189 | outside. This means the node cannot talk to other nodes that also have no |
|
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190 | binds, but it can still talk to all "normal" nodes). |
179 | |
191 | |
180 | =item public nodes |
192 | If the profile does not specify a binds list, then the node ID will be |
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193 | treated as if it were of the form C<host:port>, which will be resolved and |
|
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194 | used as binds list. |
181 | |
195 | |
182 | For public nodes, C<$noderef> (supplied either directly to |
196 | Lastly, the seeds list from the profile is passed to the |
183 | C<initialise_node> or indirectly via a profile or the nodename) must be a |
197 | L<AnyEvent::MP::Global> module, which will then use it to keep |
184 | noderef (possibly unresolved, in which case it will be resolved). |
198 | connectivity with at least on of those seed nodes at any point in time. |
185 | |
199 | |
186 | After resolving, the node will bind itself on all endpoints and try to |
|
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187 | connect to all additional C<$seednodes> that are specified. Seednodes are |
|
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188 | optional and can be used to quickly bootstrap the node into an existing |
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189 | network. |
|
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190 | |
|
|
191 | =item slave nodes |
|
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192 | |
|
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193 | When the C<$noderef> (either as given or overriden by the config file) |
|
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194 | is the special string C<slave/>, then the node will become a slave |
|
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195 | node. Slave nodes cannot be contacted from outside and will route most of |
|
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196 | their traffic to the master node that they attach to. |
|
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197 | |
|
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198 | At least one additional noderef is required (either by specifying it |
|
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199 | directly or because it is part of the configuration profile): The node |
|
|
200 | will try to connect to all of them and will become a slave attached to the |
|
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201 | first node it can successfully connect to. |
|
|
202 | |
|
|
203 | =back |
|
|
204 | |
|
|
205 | This function will block until all nodes have been resolved and, for slave |
|
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206 | nodes, until it has successfully established a connection to a master |
|
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207 | server. |
|
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208 | |
|
|
209 | Example: become a public node listening on the guessed noderef, or the one |
200 | Example: become a distributed node listening on the guessed noderef, or |
210 | specified via C<aemp> for the current node. This should be the most common |
201 | the one specified via C<aemp> for the current node. This should be the |
211 | form of invocation for "daemon"-type nodes. |
202 | most common form of invocation for "daemon"-type nodes. |
212 | |
203 | |
213 | initialise_node; |
204 | initialise_node; |
214 | |
205 | |
215 | Example: become a slave node to any of the the seednodes specified via |
206 | Example: become an anonymous node. This form is often used for commandline |
216 | C<aemp>. This form is often used for commandline clients. |
207 | clients. |
217 | |
208 | |
218 | initialise_node "slave/"; |
209 | initialise_node "anon/"; |
219 | |
210 | |
220 | Example: become a slave node to any of the specified master servers. This |
211 | Example: become a distributed node. If there is no profile of the given |
221 | form is also often used for commandline clients. |
212 | name, or no binds list was specified, resolve C<localhost:4044> and bind |
222 | |
213 | on the resulting addresses. |
223 | initialise_node "slave/", "master1", "192.168.13.17", "mp.example.net"; |
|
|
224 | |
|
|
225 | Example: become a public node, and try to contact some well-known master |
|
|
226 | servers to become part of the network. |
|
|
227 | |
|
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228 | initialise_node undef, "master1", "master2"; |
|
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229 | |
|
|
230 | Example: become a public node listening on port C<4041>. |
|
|
231 | |
|
|
232 | initialise_node 4041; |
|
|
233 | |
|
|
234 | Example: become a public node, only visible on localhost port 4044. |
|
|
235 | |
214 | |
236 | initialise_node "localhost:4044"; |
215 | initialise_node "localhost:4044"; |
237 | |
|
|
238 | =item $cv = resolve_node $noderef |
|
|
239 | |
|
|
240 | Takes an unresolved node reference that may contain hostnames and |
|
|
241 | abbreviated IDs, resolves all of them and returns a resolved node |
|
|
242 | reference. |
|
|
243 | |
|
|
244 | In addition to C<address:port> pairs allowed in resolved noderefs, the |
|
|
245 | following forms are supported: |
|
|
246 | |
|
|
247 | =over 4 |
|
|
248 | |
|
|
249 | =item the empty string |
|
|
250 | |
|
|
251 | An empty-string component gets resolved as if the default port (4040) was |
|
|
252 | specified. |
|
|
253 | |
|
|
254 | =item naked port numbers (e.g. C<1234>) |
|
|
255 | |
|
|
256 | These are resolved by prepending the local nodename and a colon, to be |
|
|
257 | further resolved. |
|
|
258 | |
|
|
259 | =item hostnames (e.g. C<localhost:1234>, C<localhost>) |
|
|
260 | |
|
|
261 | These are resolved by using AnyEvent::DNS to resolve them, optionally |
|
|
262 | looking up SRV records for the C<aemp=4040> port, if no port was |
|
|
263 | specified. |
|
|
264 | |
|
|
265 | =back |
|
|
266 | |
216 | |
267 | =item $SELF |
217 | =item $SELF |
268 | |
218 | |
269 | Contains the current port id while executing C<rcv> callbacks or C<psub> |
219 | Contains the current port id while executing C<rcv> callbacks or C<psub> |
270 | blocks. |
220 | blocks. |
… | |
… | |
349 | The default callback received all messages not matched by a more specific |
299 | The default callback received all messages not matched by a more specific |
350 | C<tag> match. |
300 | C<tag> match. |
351 | |
301 | |
352 | =item rcv $local_port, tag => $callback->(@msg_without_tag), ... |
302 | =item rcv $local_port, tag => $callback->(@msg_without_tag), ... |
353 | |
303 | |
354 | Register callbacks to be called on messages starting with the given tag on |
304 | Register (or replace) callbacks to be called on messages starting with the |
355 | the given port (and return the port), or unregister it (when C<$callback> |
305 | given tag on the given port (and return the port), or unregister it (when |
356 | is C<$undef>). |
306 | C<$callback> is C<$undef> or missing). There can only be one callback |
|
|
307 | registered for each tag. |
357 | |
308 | |
358 | The original message will be passed to the callback, after the first |
309 | The original message will be passed to the callback, after the first |
359 | element (the tag) has been removed. The callback will use the same |
310 | element (the tag) has been removed. The callback will use the same |
360 | environment as the default callback (see above). |
311 | environment as the default callback (see above). |
361 | |
312 | |
… | |
… | |
373 | rcv port, |
324 | rcv port, |
374 | msg1 => sub { ... }, |
325 | msg1 => sub { ... }, |
375 | ... |
326 | ... |
376 | ; |
327 | ; |
377 | |
328 | |
|
|
329 | Example: temporarily register a rcv callback for a tag matching some port |
|
|
330 | (e.g. for a rpc reply) and unregister it after a message was received. |
|
|
331 | |
|
|
332 | rcv $port, $otherport => sub { |
|
|
333 | my @reply = @_; |
|
|
334 | |
|
|
335 | rcv $SELF, $otherport; |
|
|
336 | }; |
|
|
337 | |
378 | =cut |
338 | =cut |
379 | |
339 | |
380 | sub rcv($@) { |
340 | sub rcv($@) { |
381 | my $port = shift; |
341 | my $port = shift; |
382 | my ($noderef, $portid) = split /#/, $port, 2; |
342 | my ($noderef, $portid) = split /#/, $port, 2; |
383 | |
343 | |
384 | ($NODE{$noderef} || add_node $noderef) == $NODE{""} |
344 | $NODE{$noderef} == $NODE{""} |
385 | or Carp::croak "$port: rcv can only be called on local ports, caught"; |
345 | or Carp::croak "$port: rcv can only be called on local ports, caught"; |
386 | |
346 | |
387 | while (@_) { |
347 | while (@_) { |
388 | if (ref $_[0]) { |
348 | if (ref $_[0]) { |
389 | if (my $self = $PORT_DATA{$portid}) { |
349 | if (my $self = $PORT_DATA{$portid}) { |
… | |
… | |
488 | message loss has been detected. No messages will be lost "in between" |
448 | message loss has been detected. No messages will be lost "in between" |
489 | (after the first lost message no further messages will be received by the |
449 | (after the first lost message no further messages will be received by the |
490 | port). After the monitoring action was invoked, further messages might get |
450 | port). After the monitoring action was invoked, further messages might get |
491 | delivered again. |
451 | delivered again. |
492 | |
452 | |
|
|
453 | Note that monitoring-actions are one-shot: once released, they are removed |
|
|
454 | and will not trigger again. |
|
|
455 | |
493 | In the first form (callback), the callback is simply called with any |
456 | In the first form (callback), the callback is simply called with any |
494 | number of C<@reason> elements (no @reason means that the port was deleted |
457 | number of C<@reason> elements (no @reason means that the port was deleted |
495 | "normally"). Note also that I<< the callback B<must> never die >>, so use |
458 | "normally"). Note also that I<< the callback B<must> never die >>, so use |
496 | C<eval> if unsure. |
459 | C<eval> if unsure. |
497 | |
460 | |
… | |
… | |
657 | my $id = "$RUNIQ." . $ID++; |
620 | my $id = "$RUNIQ." . $ID++; |
658 | |
621 | |
659 | $_[0] =~ /::/ |
622 | $_[0] =~ /::/ |
660 | or Carp::croak "spawn init function must be a fully-qualified name, caught"; |
623 | or Carp::croak "spawn init function must be a fully-qualified name, caught"; |
661 | |
624 | |
662 | ($NODE{$noderef} || add_node $noderef) |
625 | snd_to_func $noderef, "AnyEvent::MP::_spawn" => $id, @_; |
663 | ->send (["", "AnyEvent::MP::_spawn" => $id, @_]); |
|
|
664 | |
626 | |
665 | "$noderef#$id" |
627 | "$noderef#$id" |
666 | } |
628 | } |
667 | |
629 | |
668 | =back |
630 | =item after $timeout, @msg |
669 | |
631 | |
670 | =head1 NODE MESSAGES |
632 | =item after $timeout, $callback |
671 | |
633 | |
672 | Nodes understand the following messages sent to them. Many of them take |
634 | Either sends the given message, or call the given callback, after the |
673 | arguments called C<@reply>, which will simply be used to compose a reply |
635 | specified number of seconds. |
674 | message - C<$reply[0]> is the port to reply to, C<$reply[1]> the type and |
|
|
675 | the remaining arguments are simply the message data. |
|
|
676 | |
636 | |
677 | While other messages exist, they are not public and subject to change. |
637 | This is simply a utility function that come sin handy at times. |
678 | |
638 | |
679 | =over 4 |
|
|
680 | |
|
|
681 | =cut |
639 | =cut |
682 | |
640 | |
683 | =item lookup => $name, @reply |
641 | sub after($@) { |
|
|
642 | my ($timeout, @action) = @_; |
684 | |
643 | |
685 | Replies with the port ID of the specified well-known port, or C<undef>. |
644 | my $t; $t = AE::timer $timeout, 0, sub { |
686 | |
645 | undef $t; |
687 | =item devnull => ... |
646 | ref $action[0] |
688 | |
647 | ? $action[0]() |
689 | Generic data sink/CPU heat conversion. |
648 | : snd @action; |
690 | |
649 | }; |
691 | =item relay => $port, @msg |
650 | } |
692 | |
|
|
693 | Simply forwards the message to the given port. |
|
|
694 | |
|
|
695 | =item eval => $string[ @reply] |
|
|
696 | |
|
|
697 | Evaluates the given string. If C<@reply> is given, then a message of the |
|
|
698 | form C<@reply, $@, @evalres> is sent. |
|
|
699 | |
|
|
700 | Example: crash another node. |
|
|
701 | |
|
|
702 | snd $othernode, eval => "exit"; |
|
|
703 | |
|
|
704 | =item time => @reply |
|
|
705 | |
|
|
706 | Replies the the current node time to C<@reply>. |
|
|
707 | |
|
|
708 | Example: tell the current node to send the current time to C<$myport> in a |
|
|
709 | C<timereply> message. |
|
|
710 | |
|
|
711 | snd $NODE, time => $myport, timereply => 1, 2; |
|
|
712 | # => snd $myport, timereply => 1, 2, <time> |
|
|
713 | |
651 | |
714 | =back |
652 | =back |
715 | |
653 | |
716 | =head1 AnyEvent::MP vs. Distributed Erlang |
654 | =head1 AnyEvent::MP vs. Distributed Erlang |
717 | |
655 | |
… | |
… | |
727 | |
665 | |
728 | Despite the similarities, there are also some important differences: |
666 | Despite the similarities, there are also some important differences: |
729 | |
667 | |
730 | =over 4 |
668 | =over 4 |
731 | |
669 | |
732 | =item * Node references contain the recipe on how to contact them. |
670 | =item * Node IDs are arbitrary strings in AEMP. |
733 | |
671 | |
734 | Erlang relies on special naming and DNS to work everywhere in the |
672 | Erlang relies on special naming and DNS to work everywhere in the same |
735 | same way. AEMP relies on each node knowing it's own address(es), with |
673 | way. AEMP relies on each node somehow knowing its own address(es) (e.g. by |
736 | convenience functionality. |
674 | configuraiton or DNS), but will otherwise discover other odes itself. |
737 | |
675 | |
738 | This means that AEMP requires a less tightly controlled environment at the |
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739 | cost of longer node references and a slightly higher management overhead. |
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740 | |
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741 | =item Erlang has a "remote ports are like local ports" philosophy, AEMP |
676 | =item * Erlang has a "remote ports are like local ports" philosophy, AEMP |
742 | uses "local ports are like remote ports". |
677 | uses "local ports are like remote ports". |
743 | |
678 | |
744 | The failure modes for local ports are quite different (runtime errors |
679 | The failure modes for local ports are quite different (runtime errors |
745 | only) then for remote ports - when a local port dies, you I<know> it dies, |
680 | only) then for remote ports - when a local port dies, you I<know> it dies, |
746 | when a connection to another node dies, you know nothing about the other |
681 | when a connection to another node dies, you know nothing about the other |