… | |
… | |
8 | |
8 | |
9 | $NODE # contains this node's noderef |
9 | $NODE # contains this node's noderef |
10 | NODE # returns this node's noderef |
10 | NODE # returns this node's noderef |
11 | NODE $port # returns the noderef of the port |
11 | NODE $port # returns the noderef of the port |
12 | |
12 | |
|
|
13 | $SELF # receiving/own port id in rcv callbacks |
|
|
14 | |
|
|
15 | # initialise the node so it can send/receive messages |
|
|
16 | initialise_node; # -OR- |
|
|
17 | initialise_node "localhost:4040"; # -OR- |
|
|
18 | initialise_node "slave/", "localhost:4040" |
|
|
19 | |
|
|
20 | # ports are message endpoints |
|
|
21 | |
|
|
22 | # sending messages |
13 | snd $port, type => data...; |
23 | snd $port, type => data...; |
|
|
24 | snd $port, @msg; |
|
|
25 | snd @msg_with_first_element_being_a_port; |
14 | |
26 | |
15 | $SELF # receiving/own port id in rcv callbacks |
27 | # creating/using ports, the simple way |
|
|
28 | my $simple_port = port { my @msg = @_; 0 }; |
16 | |
29 | |
17 | rcv $port, smartmatch => $cb->($port, @msg); |
30 | # creating/using ports, tagged message matching |
18 | |
31 | my $port = port; |
19 | # examples: |
|
|
20 | rcv $port2, ping => sub { snd $_[0], "pong"; 0 }; |
32 | rcv $port, ping => sub { snd $_[0], "pong"; 0 }; |
21 | rcv $port1, pong => sub { warn "pong received\n" }; |
33 | rcv $port, pong => sub { warn "pong received\n"; 0 }; |
22 | snd $port2, ping => $port1; |
|
|
23 | |
34 | |
24 | # more, smarter, matches (_any_ is exported by this module) |
35 | # create a port on another node |
25 | rcv $port, [child_died => $pid] => sub { ... |
36 | my $port = spawn $node, $initfunc, @initdata; |
26 | rcv $port, [_any_, _any_, 3] => sub { .. $_[2] is 3 |
37 | |
|
|
38 | # monitoring |
|
|
39 | mon $port, $cb->(@msg) # callback is invoked on death |
|
|
40 | mon $port, $otherport # kill otherport on abnormal death |
|
|
41 | mon $port, $otherport, @msg # send message on death |
|
|
42 | |
|
|
43 | =head1 CURRENT STATUS |
|
|
44 | |
|
|
45 | AnyEvent::MP - stable API, should work |
|
|
46 | AnyEvent::MP::Intro - outdated |
|
|
47 | AnyEvent::MP::Kernel - WIP |
|
|
48 | AnyEvent::MP::Transport - mostly stable |
|
|
49 | |
|
|
50 | stay tuned. |
27 | |
51 | |
28 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
52 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
29 | |
53 | |
30 | This module (-family) implements a simple message passing framework. |
54 | This module (-family) implements a simple message passing framework. |
31 | |
55 | |
… | |
… | |
35 | For an introduction to this module family, see the L<AnyEvent::MP::Intro> |
59 | For an introduction to this module family, see the L<AnyEvent::MP::Intro> |
36 | manual page. |
60 | manual page. |
37 | |
61 | |
38 | At the moment, this module family is severly broken and underdocumented, |
62 | At the moment, this module family is severly broken and underdocumented, |
39 | so do not use. This was uploaded mainly to reserve the CPAN namespace - |
63 | so do not use. This was uploaded mainly to reserve the CPAN namespace - |
40 | stay tuned! The basic API should be finished, however. |
64 | stay tuned! |
41 | |
65 | |
42 | =head1 CONCEPTS |
66 | =head1 CONCEPTS |
43 | |
67 | |
44 | =over 4 |
68 | =over 4 |
45 | |
69 | |
46 | =item port |
70 | =item port |
47 | |
71 | |
48 | A port is something you can send messages to (with the C<snd> function). |
72 | A port is something you can send messages to (with the C<snd> function). |
49 | |
73 | |
50 | Some ports allow you to register C<rcv> handlers that can match specific |
74 | Ports allow you to register C<rcv> handlers that can match all or just |
51 | messages. All C<rcv> handlers will receive messages they match, messages |
75 | some messages. Messages will not be queued. |
52 | will not be queued. |
|
|
53 | |
76 | |
54 | =item port id - C<noderef#portname> |
77 | =item port id - C<noderef#portname> |
55 | |
78 | |
56 | A port id is normaly the concatenation of a noderef, a hash-mark (C<#>) as |
79 | A port ID is the concatenation of a noderef, a hash-mark (C<#>) as |
57 | separator, and a port name (a printable string of unspecified format). An |
80 | separator, and a port name (a printable string of unspecified format). An |
58 | exception is the the node port, whose ID is identical to its node |
81 | exception is the the node port, whose ID is identical to its node |
59 | reference. |
82 | reference. |
60 | |
83 | |
61 | =item node |
84 | =item node |
62 | |
85 | |
63 | A node is a single process containing at least one port - the node |
86 | A node is a single process containing at least one port - the node port, |
64 | port. You can send messages to node ports to find existing ports or to |
87 | which provides nodes to manage each other remotely, and to create new |
65 | create new ports, among other things. |
88 | ports. |
66 | |
89 | |
67 | Nodes are either private (single-process only), slaves (connected to a |
90 | Nodes are either private (single-process only), slaves (connected to a |
68 | master node only) or public nodes (connectable from unrelated nodes). |
91 | master node only) or public nodes (connectable from unrelated nodes). |
69 | |
92 | |
70 | =item noderef - C<host:port,host:port...>, C<id@noderef>, C<id> |
93 | =item noderef - C<host:port,host:port...>, C<id@noderef>, C<id> |
… | |
… | |
90 | |
113 | |
91 | =cut |
114 | =cut |
92 | |
115 | |
93 | package AnyEvent::MP; |
116 | package AnyEvent::MP; |
94 | |
117 | |
95 | use AnyEvent::MP::Base; |
118 | use AnyEvent::MP::Kernel; |
96 | |
119 | |
97 | use common::sense; |
120 | use common::sense; |
98 | |
121 | |
99 | use Carp (); |
122 | use Carp (); |
100 | |
123 | |
101 | use AE (); |
124 | use AE (); |
102 | |
125 | |
103 | use base "Exporter"; |
126 | use base "Exporter"; |
104 | |
127 | |
105 | our $VERSION = '0.1'; |
128 | our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::MP::Kernel::VERSION; |
|
|
129 | |
106 | our @EXPORT = qw( |
130 | our @EXPORT = qw( |
107 | NODE $NODE *SELF node_of _any_ |
131 | NODE $NODE *SELF node_of _any_ |
108 | resolve_node initialise_node |
132 | resolve_node initialise_node |
109 | snd rcv mon kil reg psub |
133 | snd rcv mon kil reg psub spawn |
110 | port |
134 | port |
111 | ); |
135 | ); |
112 | |
136 | |
113 | our $SELF; |
137 | our $SELF; |
114 | |
138 | |
… | |
… | |
118 | kil $SELF, die => $msg; |
142 | kil $SELF, die => $msg; |
119 | } |
143 | } |
120 | |
144 | |
121 | =item $thisnode = NODE / $NODE |
145 | =item $thisnode = NODE / $NODE |
122 | |
146 | |
123 | The C<NODE> function returns, and the C<$NODE> variable contains |
147 | The C<NODE> function returns, and the C<$NODE> variable contains the |
124 | the noderef of the local node. The value is initialised by a call |
148 | noderef of the local node. The value is initialised by a call to |
125 | to C<become_public> or C<become_slave>, after which all local port |
149 | C<initialise_node>. |
126 | identifiers become invalid. |
|
|
127 | |
150 | |
128 | =item $noderef = node_of $portid |
151 | =item $noderef = node_of $port |
129 | |
152 | |
130 | Extracts and returns the noderef from a portid or a noderef. |
153 | Extracts and returns the noderef from a port ID or a noderef. |
|
|
154 | |
|
|
155 | =item initialise_node $noderef, $seednode, $seednode... |
|
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156 | |
|
|
157 | =item initialise_node "slave/", $master, $master... |
|
|
158 | |
|
|
159 | Before a node can talk to other nodes on the network it has to initialise |
|
|
160 | itself - the minimum a node needs to know is it's own name, and optionally |
|
|
161 | it should know the noderefs of some other nodes in the network. |
|
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162 | |
|
|
163 | This function initialises a node - it must be called exactly once (or |
|
|
164 | never) before calling other AnyEvent::MP functions. |
|
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165 | |
|
|
166 | All arguments (optionally except for the first) are noderefs, which can be |
|
|
167 | either resolved or unresolved. |
|
|
168 | |
|
|
169 | The first argument will be looked up in the configuration database first |
|
|
170 | (if it is C<undef> then the current nodename will be used instead) to find |
|
|
171 | the relevant configuration profile (see L<aemp>). If none is found then |
|
|
172 | the default configuration is used. The configuration supplies additional |
|
|
173 | seed/master nodes and can override the actual noderef. |
|
|
174 | |
|
|
175 | There are two types of networked nodes, public nodes and slave nodes: |
|
|
176 | |
|
|
177 | =over 4 |
|
|
178 | |
|
|
179 | =item public nodes |
|
|
180 | |
|
|
181 | For public nodes, C<$noderef> (supplied either directly to |
|
|
182 | C<initialise_node> or indirectly via a profile or the nodename) must be a |
|
|
183 | noderef (possibly unresolved, in which case it will be resolved). |
|
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184 | |
|
|
185 | After resolving, the node will bind itself on all endpoints and try to |
|
|
186 | connect to all additional C<$seednodes> that are specified. Seednodes are |
|
|
187 | optional and can be used to quickly bootstrap the node into an existing |
|
|
188 | network. |
|
|
189 | |
|
|
190 | =item slave nodes |
|
|
191 | |
|
|
192 | When the C<$noderef> (either as given or overriden by the config file) |
|
|
193 | is the special string C<slave/>, then the node will become a slave |
|
|
194 | node. Slave nodes cannot be contacted from outside and will route most of |
|
|
195 | their traffic to the master node that they attach to. |
|
|
196 | |
|
|
197 | At least one additional noderef is required (either by specifying it |
|
|
198 | directly or because it is part of the configuration profile): The node |
|
|
199 | will try to connect to all of them and will become a slave attached to the |
|
|
200 | first node it can successfully connect to. |
|
|
201 | |
|
|
202 | =back |
|
|
203 | |
|
|
204 | This function will block until all nodes have been resolved and, for slave |
|
|
205 | nodes, until it has successfully established a connection to a master |
|
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206 | server. |
|
|
207 | |
|
|
208 | Example: become a public node listening on the guessed noderef, or the one |
|
|
209 | specified via C<aemp> for the current node. This should be the most common |
|
|
210 | form of invocation for "daemon"-type nodes. |
|
|
211 | |
|
|
212 | initialise_node; |
|
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213 | |
|
|
214 | Example: become a slave node to any of the the seednodes specified via |
|
|
215 | C<aemp>. This form is often used for commandline clients. |
|
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216 | |
|
|
217 | initialise_node "slave/"; |
|
|
218 | |
|
|
219 | Example: become a slave node to any of the specified master servers. This |
|
|
220 | form is also often used for commandline clients. |
|
|
221 | |
|
|
222 | initialise_node "slave/", "master1", "192.168.13.17", "mp.example.net"; |
|
|
223 | |
|
|
224 | Example: become a public node, and try to contact some well-known master |
|
|
225 | servers to become part of the network. |
|
|
226 | |
|
|
227 | initialise_node undef, "master1", "master2"; |
|
|
228 | |
|
|
229 | Example: become a public node listening on port C<4041>. |
|
|
230 | |
|
|
231 | initialise_node 4041; |
|
|
232 | |
|
|
233 | Example: become a public node, only visible on localhost port 4044. |
|
|
234 | |
|
|
235 | initialise_node "localhost:4044"; |
131 | |
236 | |
132 | =item $cv = resolve_node $noderef |
237 | =item $cv = resolve_node $noderef |
133 | |
238 | |
134 | Takes an unresolved node reference that may contain hostnames and |
239 | Takes an unresolved node reference that may contain hostnames and |
135 | abbreviated IDs, resolves all of them and returns a resolved node |
240 | abbreviated IDs, resolves all of them and returns a resolved node |
… | |
… | |
167 | |
272 | |
168 | Due to some quirks in how perl exports variables, it is impossible to |
273 | Due to some quirks in how perl exports variables, it is impossible to |
169 | just export C<$SELF>, all the symbols called C<SELF> are exported by this |
274 | just export C<$SELF>, all the symbols called C<SELF> are exported by this |
170 | module, but only C<$SELF> is currently used. |
275 | module, but only C<$SELF> is currently used. |
171 | |
276 | |
172 | =item snd $portid, type => @data |
277 | =item snd $port, type => @data |
173 | |
278 | |
174 | =item snd $portid, @msg |
279 | =item snd $port, @msg |
175 | |
280 | |
176 | Send the given message to the given port ID, which can identify either |
281 | Send the given message to the given port ID, which can identify either |
177 | a local or a remote port, and can be either a string or soemthignt hat |
282 | a local or a remote port, and must be a port ID. |
178 | stringifies a sa port ID (such as a port object :). |
|
|
179 | |
283 | |
180 | While the message can be about anything, it is highly recommended to use a |
284 | While the message can be about anything, it is highly recommended to use a |
181 | string as first element (a portid, or some word that indicates a request |
285 | string as first element (a port ID, or some word that indicates a request |
182 | type etc.). |
286 | type etc.). |
183 | |
287 | |
184 | The message data effectively becomes read-only after a call to this |
288 | The message data effectively becomes read-only after a call to this |
185 | function: modifying any argument is not allowed and can cause many |
289 | function: modifying any argument is not allowed and can cause many |
186 | problems. |
290 | problems. |
… | |
… | |
189 | JSON is used, then only strings, numbers and arrays and hashes consisting |
293 | JSON is used, then only strings, numbers and arrays and hashes consisting |
190 | of those are allowed (no objects). When Storable is used, then anything |
294 | of those are allowed (no objects). When Storable is used, then anything |
191 | that Storable can serialise and deserialise is allowed, and for the local |
295 | that Storable can serialise and deserialise is allowed, and for the local |
192 | node, anything can be passed. |
296 | node, anything can be passed. |
193 | |
297 | |
194 | =item kil $portid[, @reason] |
298 | =item $local_port = port |
195 | |
299 | |
196 | Kill the specified port with the given C<@reason>. |
300 | Create a new local port object and returns its port ID. Initially it has |
|
|
301 | no callbacks set and will throw an error when it receives messages. |
197 | |
302 | |
198 | If no C<@reason> is specified, then the port is killed "normally" (linked |
303 | =item $local_port = port { my @msg = @_ } |
199 | ports will not be kileld, or even notified). |
|
|
200 | |
304 | |
201 | Otherwise, linked ports get killed with the same reason (second form of |
305 | Creates a new local port, and returns its ID. Semantically the same as |
202 | C<mon>, see below). |
306 | creating a port and calling C<rcv $port, $callback> on it. |
203 | |
307 | |
204 | Runtime errors while evaluating C<rcv> callbacks or inside C<psub> blocks |
308 | The block will be called for every message received on the port, with the |
205 | will be reported as reason C<< die => $@ >>. |
309 | global variable C<$SELF> set to the port ID. Runtime errors will cause the |
|
|
310 | port to be C<kil>ed. The message will be passed as-is, no extra argument |
|
|
311 | (i.e. no port ID) will be passed to the callback. |
206 | |
312 | |
207 | Transport/communication errors are reported as C<< transport_error => |
313 | If you want to stop/destroy the port, simply C<kil> it: |
208 | $message >>. |
|
|
209 | |
314 | |
|
|
315 | my $port = port { |
|
|
316 | my @msg = @_; |
|
|
317 | ... |
|
|
318 | kil $SELF; |
|
|
319 | }; |
|
|
320 | |
|
|
321 | =cut |
|
|
322 | |
|
|
323 | sub rcv($@); |
|
|
324 | |
|
|
325 | sub _kilme { |
|
|
326 | die "received message on port without callback"; |
|
|
327 | } |
|
|
328 | |
|
|
329 | sub port(;&) { |
|
|
330 | my $id = "$UNIQ." . $ID++; |
|
|
331 | my $port = "$NODE#$id"; |
|
|
332 | |
|
|
333 | rcv $port, shift || \&_kilme; |
|
|
334 | |
|
|
335 | $port |
|
|
336 | } |
|
|
337 | |
|
|
338 | =item rcv $local_port, $callback->(@msg) |
|
|
339 | |
|
|
340 | Replaces the default callback on the specified port. There is no way to |
|
|
341 | remove the default callback: use C<sub { }> to disable it, or better |
|
|
342 | C<kil> the port when it is no longer needed. |
|
|
343 | |
|
|
344 | The global C<$SELF> (exported by this module) contains C<$port> while |
|
|
345 | executing the callback. Runtime errors during callback execution will |
|
|
346 | result in the port being C<kil>ed. |
|
|
347 | |
|
|
348 | The default callback received all messages not matched by a more specific |
|
|
349 | C<tag> match. |
|
|
350 | |
|
|
351 | =item rcv $local_port, tag => $callback->(@msg_without_tag), ... |
|
|
352 | |
|
|
353 | Register (or replace) callbacks to be called on messages starting with the |
|
|
354 | given tag on the given port (and return the port), or unregister it (when |
|
|
355 | C<$callback> is C<$undef> or missing). There can only be one callback |
|
|
356 | registered for each tag. |
|
|
357 | |
|
|
358 | The original message will be passed to the callback, after the first |
|
|
359 | element (the tag) has been removed. The callback will use the same |
|
|
360 | environment as the default callback (see above). |
|
|
361 | |
|
|
362 | Example: create a port and bind receivers on it in one go. |
|
|
363 | |
|
|
364 | my $port = rcv port, |
|
|
365 | msg1 => sub { ... }, |
|
|
366 | msg2 => sub { ... }, |
|
|
367 | ; |
|
|
368 | |
|
|
369 | Example: create a port, bind receivers and send it in a message elsewhere |
|
|
370 | in one go: |
|
|
371 | |
|
|
372 | snd $otherport, reply => |
|
|
373 | rcv port, |
|
|
374 | msg1 => sub { ... }, |
|
|
375 | ... |
|
|
376 | ; |
|
|
377 | |
|
|
378 | Example: temporarily register a rcv callback for a tag matching some port |
|
|
379 | (e.g. for a rpc reply) and unregister it after a message was received. |
|
|
380 | |
|
|
381 | rcv $port, $otherport => sub { |
|
|
382 | my @reply = @_; |
|
|
383 | |
|
|
384 | rcv $SELF, $otherport; |
|
|
385 | }; |
|
|
386 | |
|
|
387 | =cut |
|
|
388 | |
|
|
389 | sub rcv($@) { |
|
|
390 | my $port = shift; |
|
|
391 | my ($noderef, $portid) = split /#/, $port, 2; |
|
|
392 | |
|
|
393 | ($NODE{$noderef} || add_node $noderef) == $NODE{""} |
|
|
394 | or Carp::croak "$port: rcv can only be called on local ports, caught"; |
|
|
395 | |
|
|
396 | while (@_) { |
|
|
397 | if (ref $_[0]) { |
|
|
398 | if (my $self = $PORT_DATA{$portid}) { |
|
|
399 | "AnyEvent::MP::Port" eq ref $self |
|
|
400 | or Carp::croak "$port: rcv can only be called on message matching ports, caught"; |
|
|
401 | |
|
|
402 | $self->[2] = shift; |
|
|
403 | } else { |
|
|
404 | my $cb = shift; |
|
|
405 | $PORT{$portid} = sub { |
|
|
406 | local $SELF = $port; |
|
|
407 | eval { &$cb }; _self_die if $@; |
|
|
408 | }; |
|
|
409 | } |
|
|
410 | } elsif (defined $_[0]) { |
|
|
411 | my $self = $PORT_DATA{$portid} ||= do { |
|
|
412 | my $self = bless [$PORT{$port} || sub { }, { }, $port], "AnyEvent::MP::Port"; |
|
|
413 | |
|
|
414 | $PORT{$portid} = sub { |
|
|
415 | local $SELF = $port; |
|
|
416 | |
|
|
417 | if (my $cb = $self->[1]{$_[0]}) { |
|
|
418 | shift; |
|
|
419 | eval { &$cb }; _self_die if $@; |
|
|
420 | } else { |
|
|
421 | &{ $self->[0] }; |
|
|
422 | } |
|
|
423 | }; |
|
|
424 | |
|
|
425 | $self |
|
|
426 | }; |
|
|
427 | |
|
|
428 | "AnyEvent::MP::Port" eq ref $self |
|
|
429 | or Carp::croak "$port: rcv can only be called on message matching ports, caught"; |
|
|
430 | |
|
|
431 | my ($tag, $cb) = splice @_, 0, 2; |
|
|
432 | |
|
|
433 | if (defined $cb) { |
|
|
434 | $self->[1]{$tag} = $cb; |
|
|
435 | } else { |
|
|
436 | delete $self->[1]{$tag}; |
|
|
437 | } |
|
|
438 | } |
|
|
439 | } |
|
|
440 | |
|
|
441 | $port |
|
|
442 | } |
|
|
443 | |
|
|
444 | =item $closure = psub { BLOCK } |
|
|
445 | |
|
|
446 | Remembers C<$SELF> and creates a closure out of the BLOCK. When the |
|
|
447 | closure is executed, sets up the environment in the same way as in C<rcv> |
|
|
448 | callbacks, i.e. runtime errors will cause the port to get C<kil>ed. |
|
|
449 | |
|
|
450 | This is useful when you register callbacks from C<rcv> callbacks: |
|
|
451 | |
|
|
452 | rcv delayed_reply => sub { |
|
|
453 | my ($delay, @reply) = @_; |
|
|
454 | my $timer = AE::timer $delay, 0, psub { |
|
|
455 | snd @reply, $SELF; |
|
|
456 | }; |
|
|
457 | }; |
|
|
458 | |
|
|
459 | =cut |
|
|
460 | |
|
|
461 | sub psub(&) { |
|
|
462 | my $cb = shift; |
|
|
463 | |
|
|
464 | my $port = $SELF |
|
|
465 | or Carp::croak "psub can only be called from within rcv or psub callbacks, not"; |
|
|
466 | |
|
|
467 | sub { |
|
|
468 | local $SELF = $port; |
|
|
469 | |
|
|
470 | if (wantarray) { |
|
|
471 | my @res = eval { &$cb }; |
|
|
472 | _self_die if $@; |
|
|
473 | @res |
|
|
474 | } else { |
|
|
475 | my $res = eval { &$cb }; |
|
|
476 | _self_die if $@; |
|
|
477 | $res |
|
|
478 | } |
|
|
479 | } |
|
|
480 | } |
|
|
481 | |
210 | =item $guard = mon $portid, $cb->(@reason) |
482 | =item $guard = mon $port, $cb->(@reason) |
211 | |
483 | |
212 | =item $guard = mon $portid, $otherport |
484 | =item $guard = mon $port, $rcvport |
213 | |
485 | |
|
|
486 | =item $guard = mon $port |
|
|
487 | |
214 | =item $guard = mon $portid, $otherport, @msg |
488 | =item $guard = mon $port, $rcvport, @msg |
215 | |
489 | |
216 | Monitor the given port and do something when the port is killed. |
490 | Monitor the given port and do something when the port is killed or |
|
|
491 | messages to it were lost, and optionally return a guard that can be used |
|
|
492 | to stop monitoring again. |
217 | |
493 | |
|
|
494 | C<mon> effectively guarantees that, in the absence of hardware failures, |
|
|
495 | that after starting the monitor, either all messages sent to the port |
|
|
496 | will arrive, or the monitoring action will be invoked after possible |
|
|
497 | message loss has been detected. No messages will be lost "in between" |
|
|
498 | (after the first lost message no further messages will be received by the |
|
|
499 | port). After the monitoring action was invoked, further messages might get |
|
|
500 | delivered again. |
|
|
501 | |
218 | In the first form, the callback is simply called with any number |
502 | In the first form (callback), the callback is simply called with any |
219 | of C<@reason> elements (no @reason means that the port was deleted |
503 | number of C<@reason> elements (no @reason means that the port was deleted |
220 | "normally"). Note also that I<< the callback B<must> never die >>, so use |
504 | "normally"). Note also that I<< the callback B<must> never die >>, so use |
221 | C<eval> if unsure. |
505 | C<eval> if unsure. |
222 | |
506 | |
223 | In the second form, the other port will be C<kil>'ed with C<@reason>, iff |
507 | In the second form (another port given), the other port (C<$rcvport>) |
224 | a @reason was specified, i.e. on "normal" kils nothing happens, while |
508 | will be C<kil>'ed with C<@reason>, iff a @reason was specified, i.e. on |
225 | under all other conditions, the other port is killed with the same reason. |
509 | "normal" kils nothing happens, while under all other conditions, the other |
|
|
510 | port is killed with the same reason. |
226 | |
511 | |
|
|
512 | The third form (kill self) is the same as the second form, except that |
|
|
513 | C<$rvport> defaults to C<$SELF>. |
|
|
514 | |
227 | In the last form, a message of the form C<@msg, @reason> will be C<snd>. |
515 | In the last form (message), a message of the form C<@msg, @reason> will be |
|
|
516 | C<snd>. |
|
|
517 | |
|
|
518 | As a rule of thumb, monitoring requests should always monitor a port from |
|
|
519 | a local port (or callback). The reason is that kill messages might get |
|
|
520 | lost, just like any other message. Another less obvious reason is that |
|
|
521 | even monitoring requests can get lost (for exmaple, when the connection |
|
|
522 | to the other node goes down permanently). When monitoring a port locally |
|
|
523 | these problems do not exist. |
228 | |
524 | |
229 | Example: call a given callback when C<$port> is killed. |
525 | Example: call a given callback when C<$port> is killed. |
230 | |
526 | |
231 | mon $port, sub { warn "port died because of <@_>\n" }; |
527 | mon $port, sub { warn "port died because of <@_>\n" }; |
232 | |
528 | |
233 | Example: kill ourselves when C<$port> is killed abnormally. |
529 | Example: kill ourselves when C<$port> is killed abnormally. |
234 | |
530 | |
235 | mon $port, $self; |
531 | mon $port; |
236 | |
532 | |
237 | Example: send us a restart message another C<$port> is killed. |
533 | Example: send us a restart message when another C<$port> is killed. |
238 | |
534 | |
239 | mon $port, $self => "restart"; |
535 | mon $port, $self => "restart"; |
240 | |
536 | |
241 | =cut |
537 | =cut |
242 | |
538 | |
243 | sub mon { |
539 | sub mon { |
244 | my ($noderef, $port) = split /#/, shift, 2; |
540 | my ($noderef, $port) = split /#/, shift, 2; |
245 | |
541 | |
246 | my $node = $NODE{$noderef} || add_node $noderef; |
542 | my $node = $NODE{$noderef} || add_node $noderef; |
247 | |
543 | |
248 | my $cb = shift; |
544 | my $cb = @_ ? shift : $SELF || Carp::croak 'mon: called with one argument only, but $SELF not set,'; |
249 | |
545 | |
250 | unless (ref $cb) { |
546 | unless (ref $cb) { |
251 | if (@_) { |
547 | if (@_) { |
252 | # send a kill info message |
548 | # send a kill info message |
253 | my (@msg) = ($cb, @_); |
549 | my (@msg) = ($cb, @_); |
… | |
… | |
284 | =cut |
580 | =cut |
285 | |
581 | |
286 | sub mon_guard { |
582 | sub mon_guard { |
287 | my ($port, @refs) = @_; |
583 | my ($port, @refs) = @_; |
288 | |
584 | |
|
|
585 | #TODO: mon-less form? |
|
|
586 | |
289 | mon $port, sub { 0 && @refs } |
587 | mon $port, sub { 0 && @refs } |
290 | } |
588 | } |
291 | |
589 | |
292 | =item lnk $port1, $port2 |
590 | =item kil $port[, @reason] |
293 | |
591 | |
294 | Link two ports. This is simply a shorthand for: |
592 | Kill the specified port with the given C<@reason>. |
295 | |
593 | |
296 | mon $port1, $port2; |
594 | If no C<@reason> is specified, then the port is killed "normally" (linked |
297 | mon $port2, $port1; |
595 | ports will not be kileld, or even notified). |
298 | |
596 | |
299 | It means that if either one is killed abnormally, the other one gets |
597 | Otherwise, linked ports get killed with the same reason (second form of |
300 | killed as well. |
598 | C<mon>, see below). |
301 | |
599 | |
302 | =item $local_port = port |
600 | Runtime errors while evaluating C<rcv> callbacks or inside C<psub> blocks |
|
|
601 | will be reported as reason C<< die => $@ >>. |
303 | |
602 | |
304 | Create a new local port object that can be used either as a pattern |
603 | Transport/communication errors are reported as C<< transport_error => |
305 | matching port ("full port") or a single-callback port ("miniport"), |
604 | $message >>. |
306 | depending on how C<rcv> callbacks are bound to the object. |
|
|
307 | |
605 | |
308 | =item $portid = port { my @msg = @_; $finished } |
|
|
309 | |
|
|
310 | Creates a "mini port", that is, a very lightweight port without any |
|
|
311 | pattern matching behind it, and returns its ID. |
|
|
312 | |
|
|
313 | The block will be called for every message received on the port. When the |
|
|
314 | callback returns a true value its job is considered "done" and the port |
|
|
315 | will be destroyed. Otherwise it will stay alive. |
|
|
316 | |
|
|
317 | The message will be passed as-is, no extra argument (i.e. no port id) will |
|
|
318 | be passed to the callback. |
|
|
319 | |
|
|
320 | If you need the local port id in the callback, this works nicely: |
|
|
321 | |
|
|
322 | my $port; $port = port { |
|
|
323 | snd $otherport, reply => $port; |
|
|
324 | }; |
|
|
325 | |
|
|
326 | =cut |
606 | =cut |
327 | |
607 | |
328 | sub port(;&) { |
608 | =item $port = spawn $node, $initfunc[, @initdata] |
329 | my $id = "$UNIQ." . $ID++; |
|
|
330 | my $port = "$NODE#$id"; |
|
|
331 | |
609 | |
332 | if (@_) { |
610 | Creates a port on the node C<$node> (which can also be a port ID, in which |
333 | my $cb = shift; |
611 | case it's the node where that port resides). |
334 | $PORT{$id} = sub { |
612 | |
335 | local $SELF = $port; |
613 | The port ID of the newly created port is return immediately, and it is |
336 | eval { |
614 | permissible to immediately start sending messages or monitor the port. |
337 | &$cb |
615 | |
338 | and kil $id; |
616 | After the port has been created, the init function is |
|
|
617 | called. This function must be a fully-qualified function name |
|
|
618 | (e.g. C<MyApp::Chat::Server::init>). To specify a function in the main |
|
|
619 | program, use C<::name>. |
|
|
620 | |
|
|
621 | If the function doesn't exist, then the node tries to C<require> |
|
|
622 | the package, then the package above the package and so on (e.g. |
|
|
623 | C<MyApp::Chat::Server>, C<MyApp::Chat>, C<MyApp>) until the function |
|
|
624 | exists or it runs out of package names. |
|
|
625 | |
|
|
626 | The init function is then called with the newly-created port as context |
|
|
627 | object (C<$SELF>) and the C<@initdata> values as arguments. |
|
|
628 | |
|
|
629 | A common idiom is to pass your own port, monitor the spawned port, and |
|
|
630 | in the init function, monitor the original port. This two-way monitoring |
|
|
631 | ensures that both ports get cleaned up when there is a problem. |
|
|
632 | |
|
|
633 | Example: spawn a chat server port on C<$othernode>. |
|
|
634 | |
|
|
635 | # this node, executed from within a port context: |
|
|
636 | my $server = spawn $othernode, "MyApp::Chat::Server::connect", $SELF; |
|
|
637 | mon $server; |
|
|
638 | |
|
|
639 | # init function on C<$othernode> |
|
|
640 | sub connect { |
|
|
641 | my ($srcport) = @_; |
|
|
642 | |
|
|
643 | mon $srcport; |
|
|
644 | |
|
|
645 | rcv $SELF, sub { |
339 | }; |
646 | ... |
340 | _self_die if $@; |
|
|
341 | }; |
|
|
342 | } else { |
|
|
343 | my $self = bless { |
|
|
344 | id => "$NODE#$id", |
|
|
345 | }, "AnyEvent::MP::Port"; |
|
|
346 | |
|
|
347 | $PORT_DATA{$id} = $self; |
|
|
348 | $PORT{$id} = sub { |
|
|
349 | local $SELF = $port; |
|
|
350 | |
|
|
351 | eval { |
|
|
352 | for (@{ $self->{rc0}{$_[0]} }) { |
|
|
353 | $_ && &{$_->[0]} |
|
|
354 | && undef $_; |
|
|
355 | } |
|
|
356 | |
|
|
357 | for (@{ $self->{rcv}{$_[0]} }) { |
|
|
358 | $_ && [@_[1 .. @{$_->[1]}]] ~~ $_->[1] |
|
|
359 | && &{$_->[0]} |
|
|
360 | && undef $_; |
|
|
361 | } |
|
|
362 | |
|
|
363 | for (@{ $self->{any} }) { |
|
|
364 | $_ && [@_[0 .. $#{$_->[1]}]] ~~ $_->[1] |
|
|
365 | && &{$_->[0]} |
|
|
366 | && undef $_; |
|
|
367 | } |
|
|
368 | }; |
|
|
369 | _self_die if $@; |
|
|
370 | }; |
647 | }; |
371 | } |
648 | } |
372 | |
649 | |
373 | $port |
650 | =cut |
|
|
651 | |
|
|
652 | sub _spawn { |
|
|
653 | my $port = shift; |
|
|
654 | my $init = shift; |
|
|
655 | |
|
|
656 | local $SELF = "$NODE#$port"; |
|
|
657 | eval { |
|
|
658 | &{ load_func $init } |
|
|
659 | }; |
|
|
660 | _self_die if $@; |
374 | } |
661 | } |
375 | |
662 | |
376 | =item reg $portid, $name |
663 | sub spawn(@) { |
|
|
664 | my ($noderef, undef) = split /#/, shift, 2; |
377 | |
665 | |
378 | Registers the given port under the name C<$name>. If the name already |
666 | my $id = "$RUNIQ." . $ID++; |
379 | exists it is replaced. |
|
|
380 | |
667 | |
381 | A port can only be registered under one well known name. |
668 | $_[0] =~ /::/ |
|
|
669 | or Carp::croak "spawn init function must be a fully-qualified name, caught"; |
382 | |
670 | |
383 | A port automatically becomes unregistered when it is killed. |
671 | snd_to_func $noderef, "AnyEvent::MP::_spawn" => $id, @_; |
384 | |
672 | |
385 | =cut |
673 | "$noderef#$id" |
386 | |
|
|
387 | sub reg(@) { |
|
|
388 | my ($portid, $name) = @_; |
|
|
389 | |
|
|
390 | $REG{$name} = $portid; |
|
|
391 | } |
674 | } |
392 | |
|
|
393 | =item rcv $portid, $callback->(@msg) |
|
|
394 | |
|
|
395 | Replaces the callback on the specified miniport (or newly created port |
|
|
396 | object, see C<port>). Full ports are configured with the following calls: |
|
|
397 | |
|
|
398 | =item rcv $portid, tagstring => $callback->(@msg), ... |
|
|
399 | |
|
|
400 | =item rcv $portid, $smartmatch => $callback->(@msg), ... |
|
|
401 | |
|
|
402 | =item rcv $portid, [$smartmatch...] => $callback->(@msg), ... |
|
|
403 | |
|
|
404 | Register callbacks to be called on matching messages on the given port. |
|
|
405 | |
|
|
406 | The callback has to return a true value when its work is done, after |
|
|
407 | which is will be removed, or a false value in which case it will stay |
|
|
408 | registered. |
|
|
409 | |
|
|
410 | The global C<$SELF> (exported by this module) contains C<$portid> while |
|
|
411 | executing the callback. |
|
|
412 | |
|
|
413 | Runtime errors wdurign callback execution will result in the port being |
|
|
414 | C<kil>ed. |
|
|
415 | |
|
|
416 | If the match is an array reference, then it will be matched against the |
|
|
417 | first elements of the message, otherwise only the first element is being |
|
|
418 | matched. |
|
|
419 | |
|
|
420 | Any element in the match that is specified as C<_any_> (a function |
|
|
421 | exported by this module) matches any single element of the message. |
|
|
422 | |
|
|
423 | While not required, it is highly recommended that the first matching |
|
|
424 | element is a string identifying the message. The one-string-only match is |
|
|
425 | also the most efficient match (by far). |
|
|
426 | |
|
|
427 | =cut |
|
|
428 | |
|
|
429 | sub rcv($@) { |
|
|
430 | my $portid = shift; |
|
|
431 | my ($noderef, $port) = split /#/, $port, 2; |
|
|
432 | |
|
|
433 | ($NODE{$noderef} || add_node $noderef) == $NODE{""} |
|
|
434 | or Carp::croak "$noderef#$port: rcv can only be called on local ports, caught"; |
|
|
435 | |
|
|
436 | my $self = $PORT_DATA{$port} |
|
|
437 | or Carp::croak "$noderef#$port: rcv can only be called on message matching ports, caught"; |
|
|
438 | |
|
|
439 | "AnyEvent::MP::Port" eq ref $self |
|
|
440 | or Carp::croak "$noderef#$port: rcv can only be called on message matching ports, caught"; |
|
|
441 | |
|
|
442 | while (@_) { |
|
|
443 | my ($match, $cb) = splice @_, 0, 2; |
|
|
444 | |
|
|
445 | if (!ref $match) { |
|
|
446 | push @{ $self->{rc0}{$match} }, [$cb]; |
|
|
447 | } elsif (("ARRAY" eq ref $match && !ref $match->[0])) { |
|
|
448 | my ($type, @match) = @$match; |
|
|
449 | @match |
|
|
450 | ? push @{ $self->{rcv}{$match->[0]} }, [$cb, \@match] |
|
|
451 | : push @{ $self->{rc0}{$match->[0]} }, [$cb]; |
|
|
452 | } else { |
|
|
453 | push @{ $self->{any} }, [$cb, $match]; |
|
|
454 | } |
|
|
455 | } |
|
|
456 | |
|
|
457 | $portid |
|
|
458 | } |
|
|
459 | |
|
|
460 | =item $closure = psub { BLOCK } |
|
|
461 | |
|
|
462 | Remembers C<$SELF> and creates a closure out of the BLOCK. When the |
|
|
463 | closure is executed, sets up the environment in the same way as in C<rcv> |
|
|
464 | callbacks, i.e. runtime errors will cause the port to get C<kil>ed. |
|
|
465 | |
|
|
466 | This is useful when you register callbacks from C<rcv> callbacks: |
|
|
467 | |
|
|
468 | rcv delayed_reply => sub { |
|
|
469 | my ($delay, @reply) = @_; |
|
|
470 | my $timer = AE::timer $delay, 0, psub { |
|
|
471 | snd @reply, $SELF; |
|
|
472 | }; |
|
|
473 | }; |
|
|
474 | |
|
|
475 | =cut |
|
|
476 | |
|
|
477 | sub psub(&) { |
|
|
478 | my $cb = shift; |
|
|
479 | |
|
|
480 | my $port = $SELF |
|
|
481 | or Carp::croak "psub can only be called from within rcv or psub callbacks, not"; |
|
|
482 | |
|
|
483 | sub { |
|
|
484 | local $SELF = $port; |
|
|
485 | |
|
|
486 | if (wantarray) { |
|
|
487 | my @res = eval { &$cb }; |
|
|
488 | _self_die if $@; |
|
|
489 | @res |
|
|
490 | } else { |
|
|
491 | my $res = eval { &$cb }; |
|
|
492 | _self_die if $@; |
|
|
493 | $res |
|
|
494 | } |
|
|
495 | } |
|
|
496 | } |
|
|
497 | |
|
|
498 | =back |
|
|
499 | |
|
|
500 | =head1 FUNCTIONS FOR NODES |
|
|
501 | |
|
|
502 | =over 4 |
|
|
503 | |
|
|
504 | =item become_public $noderef |
|
|
505 | |
|
|
506 | Tells the node to become a public node, i.e. reachable from other nodes. |
|
|
507 | |
|
|
508 | The first argument is the (unresolved) node reference of the local node |
|
|
509 | (if missing then the empty string is used). |
|
|
510 | |
|
|
511 | It is quite common to not specify anything, in which case the local node |
|
|
512 | tries to listen on the default port, or to only specify a port number, in |
|
|
513 | which case AnyEvent::MP tries to guess the local addresses. |
|
|
514 | |
|
|
515 | =cut |
|
|
516 | |
675 | |
517 | =back |
676 | =back |
518 | |
677 | |
519 | =head1 NODE MESSAGES |
678 | =head1 NODE MESSAGES |
520 | |
679 | |
… | |
… | |
562 | |
721 | |
563 | =back |
722 | =back |
564 | |
723 | |
565 | =head1 AnyEvent::MP vs. Distributed Erlang |
724 | =head1 AnyEvent::MP vs. Distributed Erlang |
566 | |
725 | |
567 | AnyEvent::MP got lots of its ideas from distributed erlang (erlang node |
726 | AnyEvent::MP got lots of its ideas from distributed Erlang (Erlang node |
568 | == aemp node, erlang process == aemp port), so many of the documents and |
727 | == aemp node, Erlang process == aemp port), so many of the documents and |
569 | programming techniques employed by erlang apply to AnyEvent::MP. Here is a |
728 | programming techniques employed by Erlang apply to AnyEvent::MP. Here is a |
570 | sample: |
729 | sample: |
571 | |
730 | |
572 | http://www.erlang.se/doc/programming_rules.shtml |
731 | http://www.Erlang.se/doc/programming_rules.shtml |
573 | http://erlang.org/doc/getting_started/part_frame.html # chapters 3 and 4 |
732 | http://Erlang.org/doc/getting_started/part_frame.html # chapters 3 and 4 |
574 | http://erlang.org/download/erlang-book-part1.pdf # chapters 5 and 6 |
733 | http://Erlang.org/download/Erlang-book-part1.pdf # chapters 5 and 6 |
575 | http://erlang.org/download/armstrong_thesis_2003.pdf # chapters 4 and 5 |
734 | http://Erlang.org/download/armstrong_thesis_2003.pdf # chapters 4 and 5 |
576 | |
735 | |
577 | Despite the similarities, there are also some important differences: |
736 | Despite the similarities, there are also some important differences: |
578 | |
737 | |
579 | =over 4 |
738 | =over 4 |
580 | |
739 | |
… | |
… | |
585 | convenience functionality. |
744 | convenience functionality. |
586 | |
745 | |
587 | This means that AEMP requires a less tightly controlled environment at the |
746 | This means that AEMP requires a less tightly controlled environment at the |
588 | cost of longer node references and a slightly higher management overhead. |
747 | cost of longer node references and a slightly higher management overhead. |
589 | |
748 | |
|
|
749 | =item * Erlang has a "remote ports are like local ports" philosophy, AEMP |
|
|
750 | uses "local ports are like remote ports". |
|
|
751 | |
|
|
752 | The failure modes for local ports are quite different (runtime errors |
|
|
753 | only) then for remote ports - when a local port dies, you I<know> it dies, |
|
|
754 | when a connection to another node dies, you know nothing about the other |
|
|
755 | port. |
|
|
756 | |
|
|
757 | Erlang pretends remote ports are as reliable as local ports, even when |
|
|
758 | they are not. |
|
|
759 | |
|
|
760 | AEMP encourages a "treat remote ports differently" philosophy, with local |
|
|
761 | ports being the special case/exception, where transport errors cannot |
|
|
762 | occur. |
|
|
763 | |
590 | =item * Erlang uses processes and a mailbox, AEMP does not queue. |
764 | =item * Erlang uses processes and a mailbox, AEMP does not queue. |
591 | |
765 | |
592 | Erlang uses processes that selctively receive messages, and therefore |
766 | Erlang uses processes that selectively receive messages, and therefore |
593 | needs a queue. AEMP is event based, queuing messages would serve no useful |
767 | needs a queue. AEMP is event based, queuing messages would serve no |
594 | purpose. |
768 | useful purpose. For the same reason the pattern-matching abilities of |
|
|
769 | AnyEvent::MP are more limited, as there is little need to be able to |
|
|
770 | filter messages without dequeing them. |
595 | |
771 | |
596 | (But see L<Coro::MP> for a more erlang-like process model on top of AEMP). |
772 | (But see L<Coro::MP> for a more Erlang-like process model on top of AEMP). |
597 | |
773 | |
598 | =item * Erlang sends are synchronous, AEMP sends are asynchronous. |
774 | =item * Erlang sends are synchronous, AEMP sends are asynchronous. |
599 | |
775 | |
600 | Sending messages in erlang is synchronous and blocks the process. AEMP |
776 | Sending messages in Erlang is synchronous and blocks the process (and |
601 | sends are immediate, connection establishment is handled in the |
777 | so does not need a queue that can overflow). AEMP sends are immediate, |
602 | background. |
778 | connection establishment is handled in the background. |
603 | |
779 | |
604 | =item * Erlang can silently lose messages, AEMP cannot. |
780 | =item * Erlang suffers from silent message loss, AEMP does not. |
605 | |
781 | |
606 | Erlang makes few guarantees on messages delivery - messages can get lost |
782 | Erlang makes few guarantees on messages delivery - messages can get lost |
607 | without any of the processes realising it (i.e. you send messages a, b, |
783 | without any of the processes realising it (i.e. you send messages a, b, |
608 | and c, and the other side only receives messages a and c). |
784 | and c, and the other side only receives messages a and c). |
609 | |
785 | |
610 | AEMP guarantees correct ordering, and the guarantee that there are no |
786 | AEMP guarantees correct ordering, and the guarantee that there are no |
611 | holes in the message sequence. |
787 | holes in the message sequence. |
612 | |
788 | |
613 | =item * In erlang, processes can be declared dead and later be found to be |
789 | =item * In Erlang, processes can be declared dead and later be found to be |
614 | alive. |
790 | alive. |
615 | |
791 | |
616 | In erlang it can happen that a monitored process is declared dead and |
792 | In Erlang it can happen that a monitored process is declared dead and |
617 | linked processes get killed, but later it turns out that the process is |
793 | linked processes get killed, but later it turns out that the process is |
618 | still alive - and can receive messages. |
794 | still alive - and can receive messages. |
619 | |
795 | |
620 | In AEMP, when port monitoring detects a port as dead, then that port will |
796 | In AEMP, when port monitoring detects a port as dead, then that port will |
621 | eventually be killed - it cannot happen that a node detects a port as dead |
797 | eventually be killed - it cannot happen that a node detects a port as dead |
622 | and then later sends messages to it, finding it is still alive. |
798 | and then later sends messages to it, finding it is still alive. |
623 | |
799 | |
624 | =item * Erlang can send messages to the wrong port, AEMP does not. |
800 | =item * Erlang can send messages to the wrong port, AEMP does not. |
625 | |
801 | |
626 | In erlang it is quite possible that a node that restarts reuses a process |
802 | In Erlang it is quite likely that a node that restarts reuses a process ID |
627 | ID known to other nodes for a completely different process, causing |
803 | known to other nodes for a completely different process, causing messages |
628 | messages destined for that process to end up in an unrelated process. |
804 | destined for that process to end up in an unrelated process. |
629 | |
805 | |
630 | AEMP never reuses port IDs, so old messages or old port IDs floating |
806 | AEMP never reuses port IDs, so old messages or old port IDs floating |
631 | around in the network will not be sent to an unrelated port. |
807 | around in the network will not be sent to an unrelated port. |
632 | |
808 | |
633 | =item * Erlang uses unprotected connections, AEMP uses secure |
809 | =item * Erlang uses unprotected connections, AEMP uses secure |
… | |
… | |
637 | securely authenticate nodes. |
813 | securely authenticate nodes. |
638 | |
814 | |
639 | =item * The AEMP protocol is optimised for both text-based and binary |
815 | =item * The AEMP protocol is optimised for both text-based and binary |
640 | communications. |
816 | communications. |
641 | |
817 | |
642 | The AEMP protocol, unlike the erlang protocol, supports both |
818 | The AEMP protocol, unlike the Erlang protocol, supports both |
643 | language-independent text-only protocols (good for debugging) and binary, |
819 | language-independent text-only protocols (good for debugging) and binary, |
644 | language-specific serialisers (e.g. Storable). |
820 | language-specific serialisers (e.g. Storable). |
645 | |
821 | |
646 | It has also been carefully designed to be implementable in other languages |
822 | It has also been carefully designed to be implementable in other languages |
647 | with a minimum of work while gracefully degrading fucntionality to make the |
823 | with a minimum of work while gracefully degrading fucntionality to make the |
648 | protocol simple. |
824 | protocol simple. |
649 | |
825 | |
|
|
826 | =item * AEMP has more flexible monitoring options than Erlang. |
|
|
827 | |
|
|
828 | In Erlang, you can chose to receive I<all> exit signals as messages |
|
|
829 | or I<none>, there is no in-between, so monitoring single processes is |
|
|
830 | difficult to implement. Monitoring in AEMP is more flexible than in |
|
|
831 | Erlang, as one can choose between automatic kill, exit message or callback |
|
|
832 | on a per-process basis. |
|
|
833 | |
|
|
834 | =item * Erlang tries to hide remote/local connections, AEMP does not. |
|
|
835 | |
|
|
836 | Monitoring in Erlang is not an indicator of process death/crashes, |
|
|
837 | as linking is (except linking is unreliable in Erlang). |
|
|
838 | |
|
|
839 | In AEMP, you don't "look up" registered port names or send to named ports |
|
|
840 | that might or might not be persistent. Instead, you normally spawn a port |
|
|
841 | on the remote node. The init function monitors the you, and you monitor |
|
|
842 | the remote port. Since both monitors are local to the node, they are much |
|
|
843 | more reliable. |
|
|
844 | |
|
|
845 | This also saves round-trips and avoids sending messages to the wrong port |
|
|
846 | (hard to do in Erlang). |
|
|
847 | |
|
|
848 | =back |
|
|
849 | |
|
|
850 | =head1 RATIONALE |
|
|
851 | |
|
|
852 | =over 4 |
|
|
853 | |
|
|
854 | =item Why strings for ports and noderefs, why not objects? |
|
|
855 | |
|
|
856 | We considered "objects", but found that the actual number of methods |
|
|
857 | thatc an be called are very low. Since port IDs and noderefs travel over |
|
|
858 | the network frequently, the serialising/deserialising would add lots of |
|
|
859 | overhead, as well as having to keep a proxy object. |
|
|
860 | |
|
|
861 | Strings can easily be printed, easily serialised etc. and need no special |
|
|
862 | procedures to be "valid". |
|
|
863 | |
|
|
864 | And a a miniport consists of a single closure stored in a global hash - it |
|
|
865 | can't become much cheaper. |
|
|
866 | |
|
|
867 | =item Why favour JSON, why not real serialising format such as Storable? |
|
|
868 | |
|
|
869 | In fact, any AnyEvent::MP node will happily accept Storable as framing |
|
|
870 | format, but currently there is no way to make a node use Storable by |
|
|
871 | default. |
|
|
872 | |
|
|
873 | The default framing protocol is JSON because a) JSON::XS is many times |
|
|
874 | faster for small messages and b) most importantly, after years of |
|
|
875 | experience we found that object serialisation is causing more problems |
|
|
876 | than it gains: Just like function calls, objects simply do not travel |
|
|
877 | easily over the network, mostly because they will always be a copy, so you |
|
|
878 | always have to re-think your design. |
|
|
879 | |
|
|
880 | Keeping your messages simple, concentrating on data structures rather than |
|
|
881 | objects, will keep your messages clean, tidy and efficient. |
|
|
882 | |
650 | =back |
883 | =back |
651 | |
884 | |
652 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
885 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
653 | |
886 | |
654 | L<AnyEvent>. |
887 | L<AnyEvent>. |