1 |
=head1 NAME |
2 |
|
3 |
AnyEvent::WebDriver - control browsers using the W3C WebDriver protocol |
4 |
|
5 |
=head1 SYNOPSIS |
6 |
|
7 |
# start geckodriver(chromedriver or any other webdriver via the shell |
8 |
$ geckodriver -b myfirefox/firefox --log trace --port 4444 |
9 |
# chromedriver --port=4444 |
10 |
|
11 |
# then use it |
12 |
use AnyEvent::WebDriver; |
13 |
|
14 |
# create a new webdriver object |
15 |
my $wd = new AnyEvent::WebDriver; |
16 |
|
17 |
# create a new session with default capabilities. |
18 |
$wd->new_session ({}); |
19 |
|
20 |
$wd->navigate_to ("https://duckduckgo.com/html"); |
21 |
my $searchbox = $wd->find_element (css => 'input[type="text"]'); |
22 |
|
23 |
$wd->element_send_keys ($searchbox => "free software"); |
24 |
$wd->element_click ($wd->find_element (css => 'input[type="submit"]')); |
25 |
|
26 |
# session gets autodeleted by default, so wait a bit |
27 |
sleep 10; |
28 |
|
29 |
# this is an example of an action sequence |
30 |
$wd->actions |
31 |
->move ($wd->find_element (...), 40, 5) |
32 |
->click |
33 |
->type ("some text") |
34 |
->key ("{Enter}") |
35 |
->perform; |
36 |
|
37 |
=head1 DESCRIPTION |
38 |
|
39 |
This module aims to implement the L<W3C |
40 |
WebDriver|https://www.w3.org/TR/webdriver1/> specification which is the |
41 |
standardised equivalent to the Selenium WebDriver API, which in turn aims |
42 |
at remotely controlling web browsers such as Firefox or Chromium. |
43 |
|
44 |
One of the design goals of this module was to stay very close to the |
45 |
language and words used in the WebDriver specification itself, so to make |
46 |
most of this module, or, in fact, to make any reasonable use of this |
47 |
module, you would need to refer to the W3C WebDriver recommendation, which |
48 |
can be found L<here|https://www.w3.org/TR/webdriver1/>: |
49 |
|
50 |
https://www.w3.org/TR/webdriver1/ |
51 |
|
52 |
Mozilla's C<geckodriver> has had webdriver support for a long time, while |
53 |
C<chromedriver> only has basic and mostly undocumented webdriver support |
54 |
as of release 77. |
55 |
|
56 |
In Debian GNU/Linux, you can install the chromedriver for chromium |
57 |
via the C<chromium-driver> package. Unfortunately, there is no |
58 |
(working) package for geckodriver, but you can download it from |
59 |
L<github|https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases>. |
60 |
|
61 |
=head2 CONVENTIONS |
62 |
|
63 |
Unless otherwise stated, all delays and time differences in this module |
64 |
are represented as an integer number of milliseconds, which is perhaps |
65 |
surprising to users of my other modules but is what the WebDriver spec |
66 |
uses. |
67 |
|
68 |
=cut |
69 |
|
70 |
package AnyEvent::WebDriver; |
71 |
|
72 |
use common::sense; |
73 |
|
74 |
use Carp (); |
75 |
use AnyEvent (); |
76 |
use AnyEvent::HTTP (); |
77 |
|
78 |
our $VERSION = '1.2'; |
79 |
|
80 |
our $WEB_ELEMENT_IDENTIFIER = "element-6066-11e4-a52e-4f735466cecf"; |
81 |
our $WEB_WINDOW_IDENTIFIER = "window-fcc6-11e5-b4f8-330a88ab9d7f"; |
82 |
our $WEB_FRAME_IDENTIFIER = "frame-075b-4da1-b6ba-e579c2d3230a"; |
83 |
|
84 |
my $json = eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS:: } || do { require JSON::PP; JSON::PP:: }; |
85 |
$json = $json->new->utf8; |
86 |
|
87 |
$json->boolean_values (0, 1) |
88 |
if $json->can ("boolean_values"); |
89 |
|
90 |
sub _decode_base64 { |
91 |
require MIME::Base64; |
92 |
|
93 |
MIME::Base64::decode_base64 (shift) |
94 |
} |
95 |
|
96 |
sub req_ { |
97 |
my ($self, $method, $ep, $body, $cb) = @_; |
98 |
|
99 |
AnyEvent::HTTP::http_request $method => "$self->{_ep}$ep", |
100 |
body => $body, |
101 |
$self->{persistent} ? (persistent => 1) : (), |
102 |
$self->{proxy} eq "default" ? () : (proxy => $self->{proxy}), |
103 |
timeout => $self->{timeout}, |
104 |
headers => { "content-type" => "application/json; charset=utf-8", "cache-control" => "no-cache" }, |
105 |
sub { |
106 |
my ($res, $hdr) = @_; |
107 |
|
108 |
$res = eval { $json->decode ($res) }; |
109 |
$hdr->{Status} = 500 unless exists $res->{value}; |
110 |
|
111 |
$cb->($hdr->{Status}, $res->{value}); |
112 |
} |
113 |
; |
114 |
} |
115 |
|
116 |
sub get_ { |
117 |
my ($self, $ep, $cb) = @_; |
118 |
|
119 |
$self->req_ (GET => $ep, undef, $cb) |
120 |
} |
121 |
|
122 |
sub post_ { |
123 |
my ($self, $ep, $data, $cb) = @_; |
124 |
|
125 |
$self->req_ (POST => $ep, $json->encode ($data || {}), $cb) |
126 |
} |
127 |
|
128 |
sub delete_ { |
129 |
my ($self, $ep, $cb) = @_; |
130 |
|
131 |
$self->req_ (DELETE => $ep, "", $cb) |
132 |
} |
133 |
|
134 |
sub AUTOLOAD { |
135 |
our $AUTOLOAD; |
136 |
|
137 |
$_[0]->isa (__PACKAGE__) |
138 |
or Carp::croak "$AUTOLOAD: no such function"; |
139 |
|
140 |
(my $name = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/^.*://; |
141 |
|
142 |
my $name_ = "$name\_"; |
143 |
|
144 |
defined &$name_ |
145 |
or Carp::croak "$AUTOLOAD: no such method"; |
146 |
|
147 |
my $func_ = \&$name_; |
148 |
|
149 |
*$name = sub { |
150 |
$func_->(@_, my $cv = AE::cv); |
151 |
my ($status, $res) = $cv->recv; |
152 |
|
153 |
if ($status ne "200") { |
154 |
my $msg; |
155 |
|
156 |
if (exists $res->{error}) { |
157 |
$msg = "AyEvent::WebDriver: $res->{error}: $res->{message}"; |
158 |
$msg .= "\n$res->{stacktrace}caught at" if length $res->{stacktrace}; |
159 |
} else { |
160 |
$msg = "AnyEvent::WebDriver: http status $status (wrong endpoint?), caught"; |
161 |
} |
162 |
|
163 |
Carp::croak $msg; |
164 |
} |
165 |
|
166 |
$res |
167 |
}; |
168 |
|
169 |
goto &$name; |
170 |
} |
171 |
|
172 |
=head2 WEBDRIVER OBJECTS |
173 |
|
174 |
=over |
175 |
|
176 |
=item new AnyEvent::WebDriver key => value... |
177 |
|
178 |
Create a new WebDriver object. Example for a remote WebDriver connection |
179 |
(the only type supported at the moment): |
180 |
|
181 |
my $wd = new AnyEvent::WebDriver endpoint => "http://localhost:4444"; |
182 |
|
183 |
Supported keys are: |
184 |
|
185 |
=over |
186 |
|
187 |
=item endpoint => $string |
188 |
|
189 |
For remote connections, the endpoint to connect to (defaults to C<http://localhost:4444>). |
190 |
|
191 |
=item proxy => $proxyspec |
192 |
|
193 |
The proxy to use (same as the C<proxy> argument used by |
194 |
L<AnyEvent::HTTP>). The default is C<undef>, which disables proxies. To |
195 |
use the system-provided proxy (e.g. C<http_proxy> environment variable), |
196 |
specify the string C<default>. |
197 |
|
198 |
=item autodelete => $boolean |
199 |
|
200 |
If true (the default), then automatically execute C<delete_session> when |
201 |
the WebDriver object is destroyed with an active session. If set to a |
202 |
false value, then the session will continue to exist. |
203 |
|
204 |
Note that due to bugs in perl that are unlikely to get fixed, |
205 |
C<autodelete> is likely ineffective during global destruction and might |
206 |
even crash your process, so you should ensure objects go out of scope |
207 |
before that, or explicitly call C<delete_session>, if you want the session |
208 |
to be cleaned up. |
209 |
|
210 |
=item timeout => $seconds |
211 |
|
212 |
The HTTP timeout, in (fractional) seconds (default: C<300>). This timeout |
213 |
is reset on any activity, so it is not an overall request timeout. Also, |
214 |
individual requests might extend this timeout if they are known to take |
215 |
longer. |
216 |
|
217 |
=item persistent => C<1> | C<undef> |
218 |
|
219 |
If true (the default) then persistent connections will be used for all |
220 |
requests, which assumes you have a reasonably stable connection (such as |
221 |
to C<localhost> :) and that the WebDriver has a persistent timeout much |
222 |
higher than what L<AnyEvent::HTTP> uses. |
223 |
|
224 |
You can force connections to be closed for non-idempotent requests (the |
225 |
safe default of L<AnyEvent::HTTP>) by setting this to C<undef>. |
226 |
|
227 |
=back |
228 |
|
229 |
=cut |
230 |
|
231 |
sub new { |
232 |
my ($class, %kv) = @_; |
233 |
|
234 |
bless { |
235 |
endpoint => "http://localhost:4444", |
236 |
proxy => undef, |
237 |
persistent => 1, |
238 |
autodelete => 1, |
239 |
timeout => 300, |
240 |
%kv, |
241 |
}, $class |
242 |
} |
243 |
|
244 |
sub DESTROY { |
245 |
my ($self) = @_; |
246 |
|
247 |
$self->delete_session |
248 |
if exists $self->{sid} && $self->{autodelete}; |
249 |
} |
250 |
|
251 |
=item $al = $wd->actions |
252 |
|
253 |
Creates an action list associated with this WebDriver. See L<ACTION |
254 |
LISTS>, below, for full details. |
255 |
|
256 |
=cut |
257 |
|
258 |
sub actions { |
259 |
AnyEvent::WebDriver::Actions->new (wd => $_[0]) |
260 |
} |
261 |
|
262 |
=item $sessionstring = $wd->save_session |
263 |
|
264 |
Save the current session in a string so it can be restored load with |
265 |
C<load_session>. Note that only the session data itself is stored |
266 |
(currently the session id and capabilities), not the endpoint information |
267 |
itself. |
268 |
|
269 |
The main use of this function is in conjunction with disabled |
270 |
C<autodelete>, to save a session to e.g., and restore it later. It could |
271 |
presumably used for other applications, such as using the same session |
272 |
from multiple processes and so on. |
273 |
|
274 |
=item $wd->load_session ($sessionstring) |
275 |
|
276 |
=item $wd->set_session ($sessionid, $capabilities) |
277 |
|
278 |
Starts using the given session, as identified by |
279 |
C<$sessionid>. C<$capabilities> should be the original session |
280 |
capabilities, although the current version of this module does not make |
281 |
any use of it. |
282 |
|
283 |
The C<$sessionid> is stored in C<< $wd->{sid} >> (and could be fetched |
284 |
form there for later use), while the capabilities are stored in C<< |
285 |
$wd->{capabilities} >>. |
286 |
|
287 |
=cut |
288 |
|
289 |
sub save_session { |
290 |
my ($self) = @_; |
291 |
|
292 |
$json->encode ([1, $self->{sid}, $self->{capabilities}]); |
293 |
} |
294 |
|
295 |
sub load_session { |
296 |
my ($self, $session) = @_; |
297 |
|
298 |
$session = $json->decode ($session); |
299 |
|
300 |
$session->[0] == 1 |
301 |
or Carp::croak "AnyEvent::WebDriver::load_session: session corrupted or from different version"; |
302 |
|
303 |
$self->set_session ($session->[1], $session->[2]); |
304 |
} |
305 |
|
306 |
sub set_session { |
307 |
my ($self, $sid, $caps) = @_; |
308 |
|
309 |
$self->{sid} = $sid; |
310 |
$self->{capabilities} = $caps; |
311 |
|
312 |
$self->{_ep} = "$self->{endpoint}/session/$self->{sid}/"; |
313 |
} |
314 |
|
315 |
=back |
316 |
|
317 |
=head2 SIMPLIFIED API |
318 |
|
319 |
This section documents the simplified API, which is really just a very |
320 |
thin wrapper around the WebDriver protocol commands. They all block the |
321 |
caller until the result is available (using L<AnyEvent> condvars), so must |
322 |
not be called from an event loop callback - see L<EVENT BASED API> for an |
323 |
alternative. |
324 |
|
325 |
The method names are pretty much taken directly from the W3C WebDriver |
326 |
specification, e.g. the request documented in the "Get All Cookies" |
327 |
section is implemented via the C<get_all_cookies> method. |
328 |
|
329 |
The order is the same as in the WebDriver draft at the time of this |
330 |
writing, and only minimal massaging is done to request parameters and |
331 |
results. |
332 |
|
333 |
=head3 SESSIONS |
334 |
|
335 |
=over |
336 |
|
337 |
=cut |
338 |
|
339 |
=item $wd->new_session ({ key => value... }) |
340 |
|
341 |
Try to connect to the WebDriver and initialize a new session with a |
342 |
"new session" command, passing the given key-value pairs as value |
343 |
(e.g. C<capabilities>). |
344 |
|
345 |
No session-dependent methods must be called before this function returns |
346 |
successfully, and only one session can be created per WebDriver object. |
347 |
|
348 |
On success, C<< $wd->{sid} >> is set to the session ID, and C<< |
349 |
$wd->{capabilities} >> is set to the returned capabilities. |
350 |
|
351 |
Simple example of creating a WebDriver object and a new session: |
352 |
|
353 |
my $wd = new AnyEvent::WebDriver endpoint => "http://localhost:4444"; |
354 |
$wd->new_session ({}); |
355 |
|
356 |
Real-world example with capability negotiation: |
357 |
|
358 |
$wd->new_session ({ |
359 |
capabilities => { |
360 |
alwaysMatch => { |
361 |
pageLoadStrategy => "eager", |
362 |
unhandledPromptBehavior => "dismiss", |
363 |
# proxy => { proxyType => "manual", httpProxy => "1.2.3.4:56", sslProxy => "1.2.3.4:56" }, |
364 |
}, |
365 |
firstMatch => [ |
366 |
{ |
367 |
browserName => "firefox", |
368 |
"moz:firefoxOptions" => { |
369 |
binary => "firefox/firefox", |
370 |
args => ["-devtools", "-headless"], |
371 |
prefs => { |
372 |
"dom.webnotifications.enabled" => \0, |
373 |
"dom.push.enabled" => \0, |
374 |
"dom.disable_beforeunload" => \1, |
375 |
"browser.link.open_newwindow" => 3, |
376 |
"browser.link.open_newwindow.restrictions" => 0, |
377 |
"dom.popup_allowed_events" => "", |
378 |
"dom.disable_open_during_load" => \1, |
379 |
}, |
380 |
}, |
381 |
}, |
382 |
{ |
383 |
browserName => "chrome", |
384 |
"goog:chromeOptions" => { |
385 |
binary => "/bin/chromium", |
386 |
args => ["--no-sandbox", "--headless"], |
387 |
prefs => { |
388 |
# ... |
389 |
}, |
390 |
}, |
391 |
}, |
392 |
{ |
393 |
# generic fallback |
394 |
}, |
395 |
], |
396 |
|
397 |
}, |
398 |
}); |
399 |
|
400 |
Firefox-specific capability documentation can be found L<on |
401 |
MDN|https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Capabilities>, |
402 |
Chrome-specific capability documentation might be found |
403 |
L<here|http://chromedriver.chromium.org/capabilities>, but the latest |
404 |
release at the time of this writing (chromedriver 77) has essentially |
405 |
no documentation about webdriver capabilities (even MDN has better |
406 |
documentation about chromwedriver!) |
407 |
|
408 |
If you have URLs for Safari/IE/Edge etc. capabilities, feel free to tell |
409 |
me about them. |
410 |
|
411 |
=cut |
412 |
|
413 |
sub new_session_ { |
414 |
my ($self, $kv, $cb) = @_; |
415 |
|
416 |
$kv->{capabilities} ||= {}; # required by protocol |
417 |
|
418 |
local $self->{_ep} = "$self->{endpoint}/"; |
419 |
$self->post_ (session => $kv, sub { |
420 |
my ($status, $res) = @_; |
421 |
|
422 |
exists $res->{capabilities} |
423 |
or $status = "500"; # blasted chromedriver |
424 |
|
425 |
$self->set_session ($res->{sessionId}, $res->{capabilities}) |
426 |
if $status eq "200"; |
427 |
|
428 |
$cb->($status, $res); |
429 |
}); |
430 |
} |
431 |
|
432 |
=item $wd->delete_session |
433 |
|
434 |
Deletes the session - the WebDriver object must not be used after this |
435 |
call (except for calling this method). |
436 |
|
437 |
This method is always safe to call and will not do anything if there is no |
438 |
active session. |
439 |
|
440 |
=cut |
441 |
|
442 |
sub delete_session_ { |
443 |
my ($self, $cb) = @_; |
444 |
|
445 |
my $sid = delete $self->{sid}; |
446 |
delete $self->{capoabilities}; |
447 |
|
448 |
return unless defined $sid; |
449 |
|
450 |
local $self->{_ep} = "$self->{endpoint}/session/$sid"; |
451 |
$self->delete_ ("" => $cb); |
452 |
} |
453 |
|
454 |
=item $timeouts = $wd->get_timeouts |
455 |
|
456 |
Get the current timeouts, e.g.: |
457 |
|
458 |
my $timeouts = $wd->get_timeouts; |
459 |
=> { implicit => 0, pageLoad => 300000, script => 30000 } |
460 |
|
461 |
=item $wd->set_timeouts ($timeouts) |
462 |
|
463 |
Sets one or more timeouts, e.g.: |
464 |
|
465 |
$wd->set_timeouts ({ script => 60000 }); |
466 |
|
467 |
=cut |
468 |
|
469 |
sub get_timeouts_ { |
470 |
$_[0]->get_ (timeouts => $_[1], $_[2]); |
471 |
} |
472 |
|
473 |
sub set_timeouts_ { |
474 |
$_[0]->post_ (timeouts => $_[1], $_[2], $_[3]); |
475 |
} |
476 |
|
477 |
=back |
478 |
|
479 |
=head3 NAVIGATION |
480 |
|
481 |
=over |
482 |
|
483 |
=cut |
484 |
|
485 |
=item $wd->navigate_to ($url) |
486 |
|
487 |
Navigates to the specified URL. |
488 |
|
489 |
=item $url = $wd->get_current_url |
490 |
|
491 |
Queries the current page URL as set by C<navigate_to>. |
492 |
|
493 |
=cut |
494 |
|
495 |
sub navigate_to_ { |
496 |
$_[0]->post_ (url => { url => "$_[1]" }, $_[2]); |
497 |
} |
498 |
|
499 |
sub get_current_url_ { |
500 |
$_[0]->get_ (url => $_[1]) |
501 |
} |
502 |
|
503 |
=item $wd->back |
504 |
|
505 |
The equivalent of pressing "back" in the browser. |
506 |
|
507 |
=item $wd->forward |
508 |
|
509 |
The equivalent of pressing "forward" in the browser. |
510 |
|
511 |
=item $wd->refresh |
512 |
|
513 |
The equivalent of pressing "refresh" in the browser. |
514 |
|
515 |
=cut |
516 |
|
517 |
sub back_ { |
518 |
$_[0]->post_ (back => undef, $_[1]); |
519 |
} |
520 |
|
521 |
sub forward_ { |
522 |
$_[0]->post_ (forward => undef, $_[1]); |
523 |
} |
524 |
|
525 |
sub refresh_ { |
526 |
$_[0]->post_ (refresh => undef, $_[1]); |
527 |
} |
528 |
|
529 |
=item $title = $wd->get_title |
530 |
|
531 |
Returns the current document title. |
532 |
|
533 |
=cut |
534 |
|
535 |
sub get_title_ { |
536 |
$_[0]->get_ (title => $_[1]); |
537 |
} |
538 |
|
539 |
=back |
540 |
|
541 |
=head3 COMMAND CONTEXTS |
542 |
|
543 |
=over |
544 |
|
545 |
=cut |
546 |
|
547 |
=item $handle = $wd->get_window_handle |
548 |
|
549 |
Returns the current window handle. |
550 |
|
551 |
=item $wd->close_window |
552 |
|
553 |
Closes the current browsing context. |
554 |
|
555 |
=item $wd->switch_to_window ($handle) |
556 |
|
557 |
Changes the current browsing context to the given window. |
558 |
|
559 |
=cut |
560 |
|
561 |
sub get_window_handle_ { |
562 |
$_[0]->get_ (window => $_[1]); |
563 |
} |
564 |
|
565 |
sub close_window_ { |
566 |
$_[0]->delete_ (window => $_[1]); |
567 |
} |
568 |
|
569 |
sub switch_to_window_ { |
570 |
$_[0]->post_ (window => { handle => "$_[1]" }, $_[2]); |
571 |
} |
572 |
|
573 |
=item $handles = $wd->get_window_handles |
574 |
|
575 |
Return the current window handles as an array-ref of handle IDs. |
576 |
|
577 |
=cut |
578 |
|
579 |
sub get_window_handles_ { |
580 |
$_[0]->get_ ("window/handles" => $_[1]); |
581 |
} |
582 |
|
583 |
=item $handles = $wd->switch_to_frame ($frame) |
584 |
|
585 |
Switch to the given frame identified by C<$frame>, which must be either |
586 |
C<undef> to go back to the top-level browsing context, an integer to |
587 |
select the nth subframe, or an element object. |
588 |
|
589 |
=cut |
590 |
|
591 |
sub switch_to_frame_ { |
592 |
$_[0]->post_ (frame => { id => "$_[1]" }, $_[2]); |
593 |
} |
594 |
|
595 |
=item $handles = $wd->switch_to_parent_frame |
596 |
|
597 |
Switch to the parent frame. |
598 |
|
599 |
=cut |
600 |
|
601 |
sub switch_to_parent_frame_ { |
602 |
$_[0]->post_ ("frame/parent" => undef, $_[1]); |
603 |
} |
604 |
|
605 |
=item $rect = $wd->get_window_rect |
606 |
|
607 |
Return the current window rect(angle), e.g.: |
608 |
|
609 |
$rect = $wd->get_window_rect |
610 |
=> { height => 1040, width => 540, x => 0, y => 0 } |
611 |
|
612 |
=item $wd->set_window_rect ($rect) |
613 |
|
614 |
Sets the window rect(angle), e.g.: |
615 |
|
616 |
$wd->set_window_rect ({ width => 780, height => 560 }); |
617 |
$wd->set_window_rect ({ x => 0, y => 0, width => 780, height => 560 }); |
618 |
|
619 |
=cut |
620 |
|
621 |
sub get_window_rect_ { |
622 |
$_[0]->get_ ("window/rect" => $_[1]); |
623 |
} |
624 |
|
625 |
sub set_window_rect_ { |
626 |
$_[0]->post_ ("window/rect" => $_[1], $_[2]); |
627 |
} |
628 |
|
629 |
=item $wd->maximize_window |
630 |
|
631 |
=item $wd->minimize_window |
632 |
|
633 |
=item $wd->fullscreen_window |
634 |
|
635 |
Changes the window size by either maximising, minimising or making it |
636 |
fullscreen. In my experience, this will timeout if no window manager is |
637 |
running. |
638 |
|
639 |
=cut |
640 |
|
641 |
sub maximize_window_ { |
642 |
$_[0]->post_ ("window/maximize" => undef, $_[1]); |
643 |
} |
644 |
|
645 |
sub minimize_window_ { |
646 |
$_[0]->post_ ("window/minimize" => undef, $_[1]); |
647 |
} |
648 |
|
649 |
sub fullscreen_window_ { |
650 |
$_[0]->post_ ("window/fullscreen" => undef, $_[1]); |
651 |
} |
652 |
|
653 |
=back |
654 |
|
655 |
=head3 ELEMENT RETRIEVAL |
656 |
|
657 |
To reduce typing and memory strain, the element finding functions accept |
658 |
some shorter and hopefully easier to remember aliases for the standard |
659 |
locator strategy values, as follows: |
660 |
|
661 |
Alias Locator Strategy |
662 |
css css selector |
663 |
link link text |
664 |
substr partial link text |
665 |
tag tag name |
666 |
|
667 |
=over |
668 |
|
669 |
=cut |
670 |
|
671 |
our %USING = ( |
672 |
css => "css selector", |
673 |
link => "link text", |
674 |
substr => "partial link text", |
675 |
tag => "tag name", |
676 |
); |
677 |
|
678 |
sub _using($) { |
679 |
using => $USING{$_[0]} // "$_[0]" |
680 |
} |
681 |
|
682 |
=item $element = $wd->find_element ($locator_strategy, $selector) |
683 |
|
684 |
Finds the first element specified by the given selector and returns its |
685 |
element object. Raises an error when no element was found. |
686 |
|
687 |
Examples showing all standard locator strategies: |
688 |
|
689 |
$element = $wd->find_element ("css selector" => "body a"); |
690 |
$element = $wd->find_element ("link text" => "Click Here For Porn"); |
691 |
$element = $wd->find_element ("partial link text" => "orn"); |
692 |
$element = $wd->find_element ("tag name" => "input"); |
693 |
$element = $wd->find_element ("xpath" => '//input[@type="text"]'); |
694 |
=> e.g. { "element-6066-11e4-a52e-4f735466cecf" => "decddca8-5986-4e1d-8c93-efe952505a5f" } |
695 |
|
696 |
Same examples using aliases provided by this module: |
697 |
|
698 |
$element = $wd->find_element (css => "body a"); |
699 |
$element = $wd->find_element (link => "Click Here For Porn"); |
700 |
$element = $wd->find_element (substr => "orn"); |
701 |
$element = $wd->find_element (tag => "input"); |
702 |
|
703 |
=item $elements = $wd->find_elements ($locator_strategy, $selector) |
704 |
|
705 |
As above, but returns an arrayref of all found element objects. |
706 |
|
707 |
=item $element = $wd->find_element_from_element ($element, $locator_strategy, $selector) |
708 |
|
709 |
Like C<find_element>, but looks only inside the specified C<$element>. |
710 |
|
711 |
=item $elements = $wd->find_elements_from_element ($element, $locator_strategy, $selector) |
712 |
|
713 |
Like C<find_elements>, but looks only inside the specified C<$element>. |
714 |
|
715 |
my $head = $wd->find_element ("tag name" => "head"); |
716 |
my $links = $wd->find_elements_from_element ($head, "tag name", "link"); |
717 |
|
718 |
=item $element = $wd->get_active_element |
719 |
|
720 |
Returns the active element. |
721 |
|
722 |
=cut |
723 |
|
724 |
sub find_element_ { |
725 |
$_[0]->post_ (element => { _using $_[1], value => "$_[2]" }, $_[3]); |
726 |
} |
727 |
|
728 |
sub find_elements_ { |
729 |
$_[0]->post_ (elements => { _using $_[1], value => "$_[2]" }, $_[3]); |
730 |
} |
731 |
|
732 |
sub find_element_from_element_ { |
733 |
$_[0]->post_ ("element/$_[1]/element" => { _using $_[2], value => "$_[3]" }, $_[4]); |
734 |
} |
735 |
|
736 |
sub find_elements_from_element_ { |
737 |
$_[0]->post_ ("element/$_[1]/elements" => { _using $_[2], value => "$_[3]" }, $_[4]); |
738 |
} |
739 |
|
740 |
sub get_active_element_ { |
741 |
$_[0]->get_ ("element/active" => $_[1]); |
742 |
} |
743 |
|
744 |
=back |
745 |
|
746 |
=head3 ELEMENT STATE |
747 |
|
748 |
=over |
749 |
|
750 |
=cut |
751 |
|
752 |
=item $bool = $wd->is_element_selected |
753 |
|
754 |
Returns whether the given input or option element is selected or not. |
755 |
|
756 |
=item $string = $wd->get_element_attribute ($element, $name) |
757 |
|
758 |
Returns the value of the given attribute. |
759 |
|
760 |
=item $string = $wd->get_element_property ($element, $name) |
761 |
|
762 |
Returns the value of the given property. |
763 |
|
764 |
=item $string = $wd->get_element_css_value ($element, $name) |
765 |
|
766 |
Returns the value of the given CSS value. |
767 |
|
768 |
=item $string = $wd->get_element_text ($element) |
769 |
|
770 |
Returns the (rendered) text content of the given element. |
771 |
|
772 |
=item $string = $wd->get_element_tag_name ($element) |
773 |
|
774 |
Returns the tag of the given element. |
775 |
|
776 |
=item $rect = $wd->get_element_rect ($element) |
777 |
|
778 |
Returns the element rect(angle) of the given element. |
779 |
|
780 |
=item $bool = $wd->is_element_enabled |
781 |
|
782 |
Returns whether the element is enabled or not. |
783 |
|
784 |
=cut |
785 |
|
786 |
sub is_element_selected_ { |
787 |
$_[0]->get_ ("element/$_[1]{$WEB_ELEMENT_IDENTIFIER}/selected" => $_[2]); |
788 |
} |
789 |
|
790 |
sub get_element_attribute_ { |
791 |
$_[0]->get_ ("element/$_[1]{$WEB_ELEMENT_IDENTIFIER}/attribute/$_[2]" => $_[3]); |
792 |
} |
793 |
|
794 |
sub get_element_property_ { |
795 |
$_[0]->get_ ("element/$_[1]{$WEB_ELEMENT_IDENTIFIER}/property/$_[2]" => $_[3]); |
796 |
} |
797 |
|
798 |
sub get_element_css_value_ { |
799 |
$_[0]->get_ ("element/$_[1]{$WEB_ELEMENT_IDENTIFIER}/css/$_[2]" => $_[3]); |
800 |
} |
801 |
|
802 |
sub get_element_text_ { |
803 |
$_[0]->get_ ("element/$_[1]{$WEB_ELEMENT_IDENTIFIER}/text" => $_[2]); |
804 |
} |
805 |
|
806 |
sub get_element_tag_name_ { |
807 |
$_[0]->get_ ("element/$_[1]{$WEB_ELEMENT_IDENTIFIER}/name" => $_[2]); |
808 |
} |
809 |
|
810 |
sub get_element_rect_ { |
811 |
$_[0]->get_ ("element/$_[1]{$WEB_ELEMENT_IDENTIFIER}/rect" => $_[2]); |
812 |
} |
813 |
|
814 |
sub is_element_enabled_ { |
815 |
$_[0]->get_ ("element/$_[1]{$WEB_ELEMENT_IDENTIFIER}/enabled" => $_[2]); |
816 |
} |
817 |
|
818 |
=back |
819 |
|
820 |
=head3 ELEMENT INTERACTION |
821 |
|
822 |
=over |
823 |
|
824 |
=cut |
825 |
|
826 |
=item $wd->element_click ($element) |
827 |
|
828 |
Clicks the given element. |
829 |
|
830 |
=item $wd->element_clear ($element) |
831 |
|
832 |
Clear the contents of the given element. |
833 |
|
834 |
=item $wd->element_send_keys ($element, $text) |
835 |
|
836 |
Sends the given text as key events to the given element. Key input state |
837 |
can be cleared by embedding C<\x{e000}> in C<$text>. Presumably, you can |
838 |
embed modifiers using their unicode codepoints, but the specification is |
839 |
less than clear to mein this area. |
840 |
|
841 |
=cut |
842 |
|
843 |
sub element_click_ { |
844 |
$_[0]->post_ ("element/$_[1]{$WEB_ELEMENT_IDENTIFIER}/click" => undef, $_[2]); |
845 |
} |
846 |
|
847 |
sub element_clear_ { |
848 |
$_[0]->post_ ("element/$_[1]{$WEB_ELEMENT_IDENTIFIER}/clear" => undef, $_[2]); |
849 |
} |
850 |
|
851 |
sub element_send_keys_ { |
852 |
$_[0]->post_ ("element/$_[1]{$WEB_ELEMENT_IDENTIFIER}/value" => { text => "$_[2]" }, $_[3]); |
853 |
} |
854 |
|
855 |
=back |
856 |
|
857 |
=head3 DOCUMENT HANDLING |
858 |
|
859 |
=over |
860 |
|
861 |
=cut |
862 |
|
863 |
=item $source = $wd->get_page_source |
864 |
|
865 |
Returns the (HTML/XML) page source of the current document. |
866 |
|
867 |
=item $results = $wd->execute_script ($javascript, $args) |
868 |
|
869 |
Synchronously execute the given script with given arguments and return its |
870 |
results (C<$args> can be C<undef> if no arguments are wanted/needed). |
871 |
|
872 |
$ten = $wd->execute_script ("return arguments[0]+arguments[1]", [3, 7]); |
873 |
|
874 |
=item $results = $wd->execute_async_script ($javascript, $args) |
875 |
|
876 |
Similar to C<execute_script>, but doesn't wait for script to return, but |
877 |
instead waits for the script to call its last argument, which is added to |
878 |
C<$args> automatically. |
879 |
|
880 |
$twenty = $wd->execute_async_script ("arguments[0](20)", undef); |
881 |
|
882 |
=cut |
883 |
|
884 |
sub get_page_source_ { |
885 |
$_[0]->get_ (source => $_[1]); |
886 |
} |
887 |
|
888 |
sub execute_script_ { |
889 |
$_[0]->post_ ("execute/sync" => { script => "$_[1]", args => $_[2] || [] }, $_[3]); |
890 |
} |
891 |
|
892 |
sub execute_async_script_ { |
893 |
$_[0]->post_ ("execute/async" => { script => "$_[1]", args => $_[2] || [] }, $_[3]); |
894 |
} |
895 |
|
896 |
=back |
897 |
|
898 |
=head3 COOKIES |
899 |
|
900 |
=over |
901 |
|
902 |
=cut |
903 |
|
904 |
=item $cookies = $wd->get_all_cookies |
905 |
|
906 |
Returns all cookies, as an arrayref of hashrefs. |
907 |
|
908 |
# google surely sets a lot of cookies without my consent |
909 |
$wd->navigate_to ("http://google.com"); |
910 |
use Data::Dump; |
911 |
ddx $wd->get_all_cookies; |
912 |
|
913 |
=item $cookie = $wd->get_named_cookie ($name) |
914 |
|
915 |
Returns a single cookie as a hashref. |
916 |
|
917 |
=item $wd->add_cookie ($cookie) |
918 |
|
919 |
Adds the given cookie hashref. |
920 |
|
921 |
=item $wd->delete_cookie ($name) |
922 |
|
923 |
Delete the named cookie. |
924 |
|
925 |
=item $wd->delete_all_cookies |
926 |
|
927 |
Delete all cookies. |
928 |
|
929 |
=cut |
930 |
|
931 |
sub get_all_cookies_ { |
932 |
$_[0]->get_ (cookie => $_[1]); |
933 |
} |
934 |
|
935 |
sub get_named_cookie_ { |
936 |
$_[0]->get_ ("cookie/$_[1]" => $_[2]); |
937 |
} |
938 |
|
939 |
sub add_cookie_ { |
940 |
$_[0]->post_ (cookie => { cookie => $_[1] }, $_[2]); |
941 |
} |
942 |
|
943 |
sub delete_cookie_ { |
944 |
$_[0]->delete_ ("cookie/$_[1]" => $_[2]); |
945 |
} |
946 |
|
947 |
sub delete_all_cookies_ { |
948 |
$_[0]->delete_ (cookie => $_[2]); |
949 |
} |
950 |
|
951 |
=back |
952 |
|
953 |
=head3 ACTIONS |
954 |
|
955 |
=over |
956 |
|
957 |
=cut |
958 |
|
959 |
=item $wd->perform_actions ($actions) |
960 |
|
961 |
Perform the given actions (an arrayref of action specifications simulating |
962 |
user activity, or an C<AnyEvent::WebDriver::Actions> object). For further |
963 |
details, read the spec or the section L<ACTION LISTS>, below. |
964 |
|
965 |
An example to get you started (see the next example for a mostly |
966 |
equivalent example using the C<AnyEvent::WebDriver::Actions> helper API): |
967 |
|
968 |
$wd->navigate_to ("https://duckduckgo.com/html"); |
969 |
my $input = $wd->find_element ("css selector", 'input[type="text"]'); |
970 |
$wd->perform_actions ([ |
971 |
{ |
972 |
id => "myfatfinger", |
973 |
type => "pointer", |
974 |
pointerType => "touch", |
975 |
actions => [ |
976 |
{ type => "pointerMove", duration => 100, origin => $input, x => 40, y => 5 }, |
977 |
{ type => "pointerDown", button => 0 }, |
978 |
{ type => "pause", duration => 40 }, |
979 |
{ type => "pointerUp", button => 0 }, |
980 |
], |
981 |
}, |
982 |
{ |
983 |
id => "mykeyboard", |
984 |
type => "key", |
985 |
actions => [ |
986 |
{ type => "pause" }, |
987 |
{ type => "pause" }, |
988 |
{ type => "pause" }, |
989 |
{ type => "pause" }, |
990 |
{ type => "keyDown", value => "a" }, |
991 |
{ type => "pause", duration => 100 }, |
992 |
{ type => "keyUp", value => "a" }, |
993 |
{ type => "pause", duration => 100 }, |
994 |
{ type => "keyDown", value => "b" }, |
995 |
{ type => "pause", duration => 100 }, |
996 |
{ type => "keyUp", value => "b" }, |
997 |
{ type => "pause", duration => 2000 }, |
998 |
{ type => "keyDown", value => "\x{E007}" }, # enter |
999 |
{ type => "pause", duration => 100 }, |
1000 |
{ type => "keyUp", value => "\x{E007}" }, # enter |
1001 |
{ type => "pause", duration => 5000 }, |
1002 |
], |
1003 |
}, |
1004 |
]); |
1005 |
|
1006 |
And here is essentially the same (except for fewer pauses) example as |
1007 |
above, using the much simpler C<AnyEvent::WebDriver::Actions> API: |
1008 |
|
1009 |
$wd->navigate_to ("https://duckduckgo.com/html"); |
1010 |
my $input = $wd->find_element ("css selector", 'input[type="text"]'); |
1011 |
$wd->actions |
1012 |
->move ($input, 40, 5, "touch1") |
1013 |
->click |
1014 |
->key ("a") |
1015 |
->key ("b") |
1016 |
->pause (2000) # so you can watch leisurely |
1017 |
->key ("{Enter}") |
1018 |
->pause (5000) # so you can see the result |
1019 |
->perform; |
1020 |
|
1021 |
=item $wd->release_actions |
1022 |
|
1023 |
Release all keys and pointer buttons currently depressed. |
1024 |
|
1025 |
=cut |
1026 |
|
1027 |
sub perform_actions_ { |
1028 |
if (UNIVERSAL::isa $_[1], AnyEvent::WebDriver::Actions::) { |
1029 |
my ($actions, $duration) = $_[1]->compile; |
1030 |
local $_[0]{timeout} = $_[0]{timeout} + $duration * 1e-3; |
1031 |
$_[0]->post_ (actions => { actions => $actions }, $_[2]); |
1032 |
} else { |
1033 |
$_[0]->post_ (actions => { actions => $_[1] }, $_[2]); |
1034 |
} |
1035 |
} |
1036 |
|
1037 |
sub release_actions_ { |
1038 |
$_[0]->delete_ (actions => $_[1]); |
1039 |
} |
1040 |
|
1041 |
=back |
1042 |
|
1043 |
=head3 USER PROMPTS |
1044 |
|
1045 |
=over |
1046 |
|
1047 |
=cut |
1048 |
|
1049 |
=item $wd->dismiss_alert |
1050 |
|
1051 |
Dismiss a simple dialog, if present. |
1052 |
|
1053 |
=item $wd->accept_alert |
1054 |
|
1055 |
Accept a simple dialog, if present. |
1056 |
|
1057 |
=item $text = $wd->get_alert_text |
1058 |
|
1059 |
Returns the text of any simple dialog. |
1060 |
|
1061 |
=item $text = $wd->send_alert_text |
1062 |
|
1063 |
Fills in the user prompt with the given text. |
1064 |
|
1065 |
|
1066 |
=cut |
1067 |
|
1068 |
sub dismiss_alert_ { |
1069 |
$_[0]->post_ ("alert/dismiss" => undef, $_[1]); |
1070 |
} |
1071 |
|
1072 |
sub accept_alert_ { |
1073 |
$_[0]->post_ ("alert/accept" => undef, $_[1]); |
1074 |
} |
1075 |
|
1076 |
sub get_alert_text_ { |
1077 |
$_[0]->get_ ("alert/text" => $_[1]); |
1078 |
} |
1079 |
|
1080 |
sub send_alert_text_ { |
1081 |
$_[0]->post_ ("alert/text" => { text => "$_[1]" }, $_[2]); |
1082 |
} |
1083 |
|
1084 |
=back |
1085 |
|
1086 |
=head3 SCREEN CAPTURE |
1087 |
|
1088 |
=over |
1089 |
|
1090 |
=cut |
1091 |
|
1092 |
=item $wd->take_screenshot |
1093 |
|
1094 |
Create a screenshot, returning it as a PNG image. To decode and save, you |
1095 |
could do something like: |
1096 |
|
1097 |
use MIME::Base64 (); |
1098 |
|
1099 |
my $screenshot = $wd->take_screenshot; |
1100 |
|
1101 |
open my $fh, ">", "screenshot.png" or die "screenshot.png: $!\n"; |
1102 |
|
1103 |
syswrite $fh, MIME::Base64::decode_base64 $screenshot; |
1104 |
|
1105 |
=item $wd->take_element_screenshot ($element) |
1106 |
|
1107 |
Similar to C<take_screenshot>, but only takes a screenshot of the bounding |
1108 |
box of a single element. |
1109 |
|
1110 |
Compatibility note: As of chrome version 80, I found that the screenshot |
1111 |
scaling is often wrong (the screenshot is much smaller than the element |
1112 |
normally displays) unless chrome runs in headless mode. The spec does |
1113 |
allow for any form of scaling, so this is not strictly a bug in chrome, |
1114 |
but of course it diminishes trhe screenshot functionality. |
1115 |
|
1116 |
=cut |
1117 |
|
1118 |
sub take_screenshot_ { |
1119 |
my $cb = pop; push @_, sub { $cb->($_[0], _decode_base64 $_[1]) }; |
1120 |
$_[0]->get_ (screenshot => $_[1]); |
1121 |
} |
1122 |
|
1123 |
sub take_element_screenshot_ { |
1124 |
my $cb = pop; push @_, sub { $cb->($_[0], _decode_base64 $_[1]) }; |
1125 |
$_[0]->get_ ("element/$_[1]{$WEB_ELEMENT_IDENTIFIER}/screenshot" => $_[2]); |
1126 |
} |
1127 |
|
1128 |
=back |
1129 |
|
1130 |
=head3 PRINT |
1131 |
|
1132 |
=over |
1133 |
|
1134 |
=cut |
1135 |
|
1136 |
=item $wd->print_page (key => value...) |
1137 |
|
1138 |
Create a printed version of the document, returning it as a PDF document |
1139 |
encoded as base64. See C<take_screenshot> for an example on how to decode |
1140 |
and save such a string. |
1141 |
|
1142 |
This command takes a lot of optional parameters, see L<the print |
1143 |
section|https://www.w3.org/TR/webdriver2/#print> of the WebDriver |
1144 |
specification for details. |
1145 |
|
1146 |
This command is taken from a draft document, so it might change in the |
1147 |
future. |
1148 |
|
1149 |
=cut |
1150 |
|
1151 |
sub print_page { |
1152 |
my $cb = pop; push @_, sub { $cb->($_[0], _decode_base64 $_[1]) }; |
1153 |
$_[0]->post_ (print => { @_ }); |
1154 |
} |
1155 |
|
1156 |
=head2 ACTION LISTS |
1157 |
|
1158 |
Action lists can be quite complicated. Or at least it took a while for |
1159 |
me to twist my head around them. Basically, an action list consists of a |
1160 |
number of sources representing devices (such as a finger, a mouse, a pen |
1161 |
or a keyboard) and a list of actions for each source, in a timeline. |
1162 |
|
1163 |
An action can be a key press, a pointer move or a pause (time delay). |
1164 |
|
1165 |
While you can provide these action lists manually, it is (hopefully) less |
1166 |
cumbersome to use the API described in this section to create them. |
1167 |
|
1168 |
The basic process of creating and performing actions is to create a new |
1169 |
action list, adding action sources, followed by adding actions. Finally |
1170 |
you would C<perform> those actions on the WebDriver. |
1171 |
|
1172 |
Most methods here are designed to chain, i.e. they return the web actions |
1173 |
object, to simplify multiple calls. |
1174 |
|
1175 |
Also, while actions from different sources can happen "at the same time" |
1176 |
in the WebDriver protocol, this class by default ensures that actions will |
1177 |
execute in the order specified. |
1178 |
|
1179 |
For example, to simulate a mouse click to an input element, followed by |
1180 |
entering some text and pressing enter, you can use this: |
1181 |
|
1182 |
$wd->actions |
1183 |
->click (0, 100) |
1184 |
->type ("some text") |
1185 |
->key ("{Enter}") |
1186 |
->perform; |
1187 |
|
1188 |
By default, C<keyboard> and C<mouse> input sources are provided and |
1189 |
used. You can create your own sources and use them when adding events. The |
1190 |
above example could be more verbosely written like this: |
1191 |
|
1192 |
$wd->actions |
1193 |
->source ("mouse", "pointer", pointerType => "mouse") |
1194 |
->source ("kbd", "key") |
1195 |
->click (0, 100, "mouse") |
1196 |
->type ("some text", "kbd") |
1197 |
->key ("{Enter}", "kbd") |
1198 |
->perform; |
1199 |
|
1200 |
When you specify the event source explicitly it will switch the current |
1201 |
"focus" for this class of device (all keyboards are in one class, all |
1202 |
pointer-like devices such as mice/fingers/pens are in one class), so you |
1203 |
don't have to specify the source for subsequent actions that are on the |
1204 |
same class. |
1205 |
|
1206 |
When you use the sources C<keyboard>, C<mouse>, C<touch1>..C<touch3>, |
1207 |
C<pen> without defining them, then a suitable default source will be |
1208 |
created for them. |
1209 |
|
1210 |
=over 4 |
1211 |
|
1212 |
=cut |
1213 |
|
1214 |
package AnyEvent::WebDriver::Actions; |
1215 |
|
1216 |
=item $al = new AnyEvent::WebDriver::Actions |
1217 |
|
1218 |
Create a new empty action list object. More often you would use the C<< |
1219 |
$wd->action_list >> method to create one that is already associated with |
1220 |
a given web driver. |
1221 |
|
1222 |
=cut |
1223 |
|
1224 |
sub new { |
1225 |
my ($class, %kv) = @_; |
1226 |
|
1227 |
$kv{last_kbd} = "keyboard"; |
1228 |
$kv{last_ptr} = "mouse"; |
1229 |
|
1230 |
bless \%kv, $class |
1231 |
} |
1232 |
|
1233 |
=item $al = $al->source ($id, $type, key => value...) |
1234 |
|
1235 |
The first time you call this with a given ID, this defines the event |
1236 |
source using the extra parameters. Subsequent calls merely switch the |
1237 |
current source for its event class. |
1238 |
|
1239 |
It's not an error to define built-in sources (such as C<keyboard> or |
1240 |
C<touch1>) differently then the defaults. |
1241 |
|
1242 |
Example: define a new touch device called C<fatfinger>. |
1243 |
|
1244 |
$al->source (fatfinger => "pointer", pointerType => "touch"); |
1245 |
|
1246 |
Example: define a new touch device called C<fatfinger>. |
1247 |
|
1248 |
$al->source (fatfinger => "pointer", pointerType => "touch"); |
1249 |
|
1250 |
Example: switch default keyboard source to C<kbd1>, assuming it is of C<key> class. |
1251 |
|
1252 |
$al->source ("kbd1"); |
1253 |
|
1254 |
=cut |
1255 |
|
1256 |
sub _default_source($) { |
1257 |
my ($source) = @_; |
1258 |
|
1259 |
$source eq "keyboard" ? { actions => [], id => $source, type => "key" } |
1260 |
: $source eq "mouse" ? { actions => [], id => $source, type => "pointer", pointerType => "mouse" } |
1261 |
: $source eq "touch" ? { actions => [], id => $source, type => "pointer", pointerType => "touch" } |
1262 |
: $source eq "pen" ? { actions => [], id => $source, type => "pointer", pointerType => "pen" } |
1263 |
: Carp::croak "AnyEvent::WebDriver::Actions: event source '$source' not defined" |
1264 |
} |
1265 |
|
1266 |
my %source_class = ( |
1267 |
key => "kbd", |
1268 |
pointer => "ptr", |
1269 |
); |
1270 |
|
1271 |
sub source { |
1272 |
my ($self, $id, $type, %kv) = @_; |
1273 |
|
1274 |
if (defined $type) { |
1275 |
!exists $self->{source}{$id} |
1276 |
or Carp::croak "AnyEvent::WebDriver::Actions: source '$id' already defined"; |
1277 |
|
1278 |
$kv{id} = $id; |
1279 |
$kv{type} = $type; |
1280 |
$kv{actions} = []; |
1281 |
|
1282 |
$self->{source}{$id} = \%kv; |
1283 |
} |
1284 |
|
1285 |
my $source = $self->{source}{$id} ||= _default_source $id; |
1286 |
|
1287 |
my $last = $source_class{$source->{type}} // "xxx"; |
1288 |
|
1289 |
$self->{"last_$last"} = $id; |
1290 |
|
1291 |
$self |
1292 |
} |
1293 |
|
1294 |
sub _add { |
1295 |
my ($self, $source, $sourcetype, $type, %kv) = @_; |
1296 |
|
1297 |
my $last = \$self->{"last_$sourcetype"}; |
1298 |
|
1299 |
$source |
1300 |
? ($$last = $source) |
1301 |
: ($source = $$last); |
1302 |
|
1303 |
my $source = $self->{source}{$source} ||= _default_source $source; |
1304 |
|
1305 |
my $al = $source->{actions}; |
1306 |
|
1307 |
push @$al, { type => "pause" } |
1308 |
while @$al < $self->{tick}; # -1 == allow concurrent actions |
1309 |
|
1310 |
$kv{type} = $type; |
1311 |
|
1312 |
push @{ $source->{actions} }, \%kv; |
1313 |
|
1314 |
$self->{tick_duration} = $kv{duration} |
1315 |
if $kv{duration} > $self->{tick_duration}; |
1316 |
|
1317 |
if ($self->{tick} != @$al) { |
1318 |
$self->{tick} = @$al; |
1319 |
$self->{duration} += delete $self->{tick_duration}; |
1320 |
} |
1321 |
|
1322 |
$self |
1323 |
} |
1324 |
|
1325 |
=item $al = $al->pause ($duration) |
1326 |
|
1327 |
Creates a pause with the given duration. Makes sure that time progresses |
1328 |
in any case, even when C<$duration> is C<0>. |
1329 |
|
1330 |
=cut |
1331 |
|
1332 |
sub pause { |
1333 |
my ($self, $duration) = @_; |
1334 |
|
1335 |
$self->{tick_duration} = $duration |
1336 |
if $duration > $self->{tick_duration}; |
1337 |
|
1338 |
$self->{duration} += delete $self->{tick_duration}; |
1339 |
|
1340 |
# find the source with the longest list |
1341 |
|
1342 |
for my $source (values %{ $self->{source} }) { |
1343 |
if (@{ $source->{actions} } == $self->{tick}) { |
1344 |
# this source is one of the longest |
1345 |
|
1346 |
# create a pause event only if $duration is non-zero... |
1347 |
push @{ $source->{actions} }, { type => "pause", duration => $duration*1 } |
1348 |
if $duration; |
1349 |
|
1350 |
# ... but advance time in any case |
1351 |
++$self->{tick}; |
1352 |
|
1353 |
return $self; |
1354 |
} |
1355 |
} |
1356 |
|
1357 |
# no event sources are longest. so advance time in any case |
1358 |
++$self->{tick}; |
1359 |
|
1360 |
Carp::croak "AnyEvent::WebDriver::Actions: multiple pause calls in a row not (yet) supported" |
1361 |
if $duration; |
1362 |
|
1363 |
$self |
1364 |
} |
1365 |
|
1366 |
=item $al = $al->pointer_down ($button, $source) |
1367 |
|
1368 |
=item $al = $al->pointer_up ($button, $source) |
1369 |
|
1370 |
Press or release the given button. C<$button> defaults to C<0>. |
1371 |
|
1372 |
=item $al = $al->click ($button, $source) |
1373 |
|
1374 |
Convenience function that creates a button press and release action |
1375 |
without any delay between them. C<$button> defaults to C<0>. |
1376 |
|
1377 |
=item $al = $al->doubleclick ($button, $source) |
1378 |
|
1379 |
Convenience function that creates two button press and release action |
1380 |
pairs in a row, with no unnecessary delay between them. C<$button> |
1381 |
defaults to C<0>. |
1382 |
|
1383 |
=cut |
1384 |
|
1385 |
sub pointer_down { |
1386 |
my ($self, $button, $source) = @_; |
1387 |
|
1388 |
$self->_add ($source, ptr => pointerDown => button => ($button // 0)*1) |
1389 |
} |
1390 |
|
1391 |
sub pointer_up { |
1392 |
my ($self, $button, $source) = @_; |
1393 |
|
1394 |
$self->_add ($source, ptr => pointerUp => button => ($button // 0)*1) |
1395 |
} |
1396 |
|
1397 |
sub click { |
1398 |
my ($self, $button, $source) = @_; |
1399 |
|
1400 |
$self |
1401 |
->pointer_down ($button, $source) |
1402 |
->pointer_up ($button) |
1403 |
} |
1404 |
|
1405 |
sub doubleclick { |
1406 |
my ($self, $button, $source) = @_; |
1407 |
|
1408 |
$self |
1409 |
->click ($button, $source) |
1410 |
->click ($button) |
1411 |
} |
1412 |
|
1413 |
=item $al = $al->move ($origin, $x, $y, $duration, $source) |
1414 |
|
1415 |
Moves a pointer to the given position, relative to origin (either |
1416 |
"viewport", "pointer" or an element object. The coordinates will be |
1417 |
truncated to integer values. |
1418 |
|
1419 |
=cut |
1420 |
|
1421 |
sub move { |
1422 |
my ($self, $origin, $x, $y, $duration, $source) = @_; |
1423 |
|
1424 |
$self->_add ($source, ptr => pointerMove => |
1425 |
origin => $origin, x => int $x*1, y => int $y*1, duration => $duration*1) |
1426 |
} |
1427 |
|
1428 |
=item $al = $al->cancel ($source) |
1429 |
|
1430 |
Executes a pointer cancel action. |
1431 |
|
1432 |
=cut |
1433 |
|
1434 |
sub cancel { |
1435 |
my ($self, $source) = @_; |
1436 |
|
1437 |
$self->_add ($source, ptr => "pointerCancel") |
1438 |
} |
1439 |
|
1440 |
=item $al = $al->key_down ($key, $source) |
1441 |
|
1442 |
=item $al = $al->key_up ($key, $source) |
1443 |
|
1444 |
Press or release the given key. |
1445 |
|
1446 |
=item $al = $al->key ($key, $source) |
1447 |
|
1448 |
Peess and release the given key in one go, without unnecessary delay. |
1449 |
|
1450 |
A special syntax, C<{keyname}> can be used for special keys - |
1451 |
all the special key names from L<the second table in section |
1452 |
17.4.2|https://www.w3.org/TR/webdriver1/#keyboard-actions> of the |
1453 |
WebDriver recommendation can be used - prefix with C<Shift-Space>. to get |
1454 |
the shifted version, as in C<Shift- |
1455 |
|
1456 |
Example: press and release "a". |
1457 |
|
1458 |
$al->key ("a"); |
1459 |
|
1460 |
Example: press and release the "Enter" key: |
1461 |
|
1462 |
$al->key ("\x{e007}"); |
1463 |
|
1464 |
Example: press and release the "enter" key using the special key name syntax: |
1465 |
|
1466 |
$al->key ("{Enter}"); |
1467 |
|
1468 |
=item $al = $al->type ($string, $source) |
1469 |
|
1470 |
Convenience method to simulate a series of key press and release events |
1471 |
for the keys in C<$string>, one pair per extended unicode grapheme |
1472 |
cluster. There is no syntax for special keys, everything will be typed |
1473 |
"as-is" if possible. |
1474 |
|
1475 |
=cut |
1476 |
|
1477 |
# copy&paste from the spec via browser, with added MetaLeft/MetaRight aliases |
1478 |
our $SPECIAL_KEY = <<'EOF'; |
1479 |
"`" "~" "Backquote" |
1480 |
"\" "|" "Backslash" |
1481 |
"\uE003" "Backspace" |
1482 |
"[" "{" "BracketLeft" |
1483 |
"]" "}" "BracketRight" |
1484 |
"," "<" "Comma" |
1485 |
"0" ")" "Digit0" |
1486 |
"1" "!" "Digit1" |
1487 |
"2" "@" "Digit2" |
1488 |
"3" "#" "Digit3" |
1489 |
"4" "$" "Digit4" |
1490 |
"5" "%" "Digit5" |
1491 |
"6" "^" "Digit6" |
1492 |
"7" "&" "Digit7" |
1493 |
"8" "*" "Digit8" |
1494 |
"9" "(" "Digit9" |
1495 |
"=" "+" "Equal" |
1496 |
"<" ">" "IntlBackslash" |
1497 |
"a" "A" "KeyA" |
1498 |
"b" "B" "KeyB" |
1499 |
"c" "C" "KeyC" |
1500 |
"d" "D" "KeyD" |
1501 |
"e" "E" "KeyE" |
1502 |
"f" "F" "KeyF" |
1503 |
"g" "G" "KeyG" |
1504 |
"h" "H" "KeyH" |
1505 |
"i" "I" "KeyI" |
1506 |
"j" "J" "KeyJ" |
1507 |
"k" "K" "KeyK" |
1508 |
"l" "L" "KeyL" |
1509 |
"m" "M" "KeyM" |
1510 |
"n" "N" "KeyN" |
1511 |
"o" "O" "KeyO" |
1512 |
"p" "P" "KeyP" |
1513 |
"q" "Q" "KeyQ" |
1514 |
"r" "R" "KeyR" |
1515 |
"s" "S" "KeyS" |
1516 |
"t" "T" "KeyT" |
1517 |
"u" "U" "KeyU" |
1518 |
"v" "V" "KeyV" |
1519 |
"w" "W" "KeyW" |
1520 |
"x" "X" "KeyX" |
1521 |
"y" "Y" "KeyY" |
1522 |
"z" "Z" "KeyZ" |
1523 |
"-" "_" "Minus" |
1524 |
"." ">"." "Period" |
1525 |
"'" """ "Quote" |
1526 |
";" ":" "Semicolon" |
1527 |
"/" "?" "Slash" |
1528 |
"\uE00A" "AltLeft" |
1529 |
"\uE052" "AltRight" |
1530 |
"\uE009" "ControlLeft" |
1531 |
"\uE051" "ControlRight" |
1532 |
"\uE006" "Enter" |
1533 |
"\uE03D" "OSLeft" |
1534 |
"\uE053" "OSRight" |
1535 |
"\uE008" "ShiftLeft" |
1536 |
"\uE050" "ShiftRight" |
1537 |
" " "\uE00D" "Space" |
1538 |
"\uE004" "Tab" |
1539 |
"\uE017" "Delete" |
1540 |
"\uE010" "End" |
1541 |
"\uE002" "Help" |
1542 |
"\uE011" "Home" |
1543 |
"\uE016" "Insert" |
1544 |
"\uE00F" "PageDown" |
1545 |
"\uE00E" "PageUp" |
1546 |
"\uE015" "ArrowDown" |
1547 |
"\uE012" "ArrowLeft" |
1548 |
"\uE014" "ArrowRight" |
1549 |
"\uE013" "ArrowUp" |
1550 |
"\uE00C" "Escape" |
1551 |
"\uE031" "F1" |
1552 |
"\uE032" "F2" |
1553 |
"\uE033" "F3" |
1554 |
"\uE034" "F4" |
1555 |
"\uE035" "F5" |
1556 |
"\uE036" "F6" |
1557 |
"\uE037" "F7" |
1558 |
"\uE038" "F8" |
1559 |
"\uE039" "F9" |
1560 |
"\uE03A" "F10" |
1561 |
"\uE03B" "F11" |
1562 |
"\uE03C" "F12" |
1563 |
"\uE01A" "\uE05C" "Numpad0" |
1564 |
"\uE01B" "\uE056" "Numpad1" |
1565 |
"\uE01C" "\uE05B" "Numpad2" |
1566 |
"\uE01D" "\uE055" "Numpad3" |
1567 |
"\uE01E" "\uE058" "Numpad4" |
1568 |
"\uE01F" "Numpad5" |
1569 |
"\uE020" "\uE05A" "Numpad6" |
1570 |
"\uE021" "\uE057" "Numpad7" |
1571 |
"\uE022" "\uE059" "Numpad8" |
1572 |
"\uE023" "\uE054" "Numpad9" |
1573 |
"\uE025" "NumpadAdd" |
1574 |
"\uE026" "NumpadComma" |
1575 |
"\uE028" "\uE05D" "NumpadDecimal" |
1576 |
"\uE029" "NumpadDivide" |
1577 |
"\uE007" "NumpadEnter" |
1578 |
"\uE024" "NumpadMultiply" |
1579 |
"\uE027" "NumpadSubtract" |
1580 |
|
1581 |
"\uE03D" "MetaLeft" |
1582 |
"\uE053" "MetaRight" |
1583 |
EOF |
1584 |
|
1585 |
our %SPECIAL_KEY; |
1586 |
|
1587 |
sub _special_key($) { |
1588 |
# parse first time |
1589 |
%SPECIAL_KEY || do { |
1590 |
for (split /\n/, $SPECIAL_KEY) { |
1591 |
s/"//g or next; |
1592 |
my ($k, $s, $name) = split /\t/; |
1593 |
|
1594 |
# unescape \uXXXX, convert string to codepoint |
1595 |
$_ = /^\\u/ ? hex substr $_, 2 : ord |
1596 |
for $k, $s; |
1597 |
|
1598 |
$SPECIAL_KEY{$name} = $k; |
1599 |
$SPECIAL_KEY{"Shift-$name"} = $s if $s; |
1600 |
|
1601 |
} |
1602 |
|
1603 |
undef $SPECIAL_KEY; # save memory |
1604 |
}; |
1605 |
|
1606 |
exists $SPECIAL_KEY{$_[0]} |
1607 |
? chr $SPECIAL_KEY{$_[0]} |
1608 |
: Carp::croak "AnyEvent::WebDriver::Actions: special key '$1' not known" |
1609 |
} |
1610 |
|
1611 |
sub _kv($) { |
1612 |
$_[0] =~ /^\{(.*)\}$/s |
1613 |
? _special_key $1 |
1614 |
: $_[0] |
1615 |
} |
1616 |
|
1617 |
sub key_down { |
1618 |
my ($self, $key, $source) = @_; |
1619 |
|
1620 |
$self->_add ($source, kbd => keyDown => value => _kv $key) |
1621 |
} |
1622 |
|
1623 |
sub key_up { |
1624 |
my ($self, $key, $source) = @_; |
1625 |
|
1626 |
$self->_add ($source, kbd => keyUp => value => _kv $key) |
1627 |
} |
1628 |
|
1629 |
sub key { |
1630 |
my ($self, $key, $source) = @_; |
1631 |
|
1632 |
$self |
1633 |
->key_down ($key, $source) |
1634 |
->key_up ($key) |
1635 |
} |
1636 |
|
1637 |
sub type { |
1638 |
my ($self, $string, $source) = @_; |
1639 |
|
1640 |
$self->key ($_, $source) |
1641 |
for $string =~ /(\X)/g; |
1642 |
|
1643 |
$self |
1644 |
} |
1645 |
|
1646 |
=item $al->perform ($wd) |
1647 |
|
1648 |
Finalises and compiles the list, if not done yet, and calls C<< |
1649 |
$wd->perform >> with it. |
1650 |
|
1651 |
If C<$wd> is undef, and the action list was created using the C<< |
1652 |
$wd->actions >> method, then perform it against that WebDriver object. |
1653 |
|
1654 |
There is no underscore variant - call the C<perform_actions_> method with |
1655 |
the action object instead. |
1656 |
|
1657 |
=item $al->perform_release ($wd) |
1658 |
|
1659 |
Exactly like C<perform>, but additionally call C<release_actions> |
1660 |
afterwards. |
1661 |
|
1662 |
=cut |
1663 |
|
1664 |
sub perform { |
1665 |
my ($self, $wd) = @_; |
1666 |
|
1667 |
($wd //= $self->{wd})->perform_actions ($self) |
1668 |
} |
1669 |
|
1670 |
sub perform_release { |
1671 |
my ($self, $wd) = @_; |
1672 |
|
1673 |
($wd //= $self->{wd})->perform_actions ($self); |
1674 |
$wd->release_actions; |
1675 |
} |
1676 |
|
1677 |
=item ($actions, $duration) = $al->compile |
1678 |
|
1679 |
Finalises and compiles the list, if not done yet, and returns an actions |
1680 |
object suitable for calls to C<< $wd->perform_actions >>. When called in |
1681 |
list context, additionally returns the total duration of the action list. |
1682 |
|
1683 |
Since building large action lists can take nontrivial amounts of time, |
1684 |
it can make sense to build an action list only once and then perform it |
1685 |
multiple times. |
1686 |
|
1687 |
No additional actions must be added after compiling an action list. |
1688 |
|
1689 |
=cut |
1690 |
|
1691 |
sub compile { |
1692 |
my ($self) = @_; |
1693 |
|
1694 |
$self->{duration} += delete $self->{tick_duration}; |
1695 |
|
1696 |
delete $self->{tick}; |
1697 |
delete $self->{last_kbd}; |
1698 |
delete $self->{last_ptr}; |
1699 |
|
1700 |
$self->{actions} ||= [values %{ delete $self->{source} }]; |
1701 |
|
1702 |
wantarray |
1703 |
? ($self->{actions}, $self->{duration}) |
1704 |
: $self->{actions} |
1705 |
} |
1706 |
|
1707 |
=back |
1708 |
|
1709 |
=head2 EVENT BASED API |
1710 |
|
1711 |
This module wouldn't be a good AnyEvent citizen if it didn't have a true |
1712 |
event-based API. |
1713 |
|
1714 |
In fact, the simplified API, as documented above, is emulated via the |
1715 |
event-based API and an C<AUTOLOAD> function that automatically provides |
1716 |
blocking wrappers around the callback-based API. |
1717 |
|
1718 |
Every method documented in the L<SIMPLIFIED API> section has an equivalent |
1719 |
event-based method that is formed by appending a underscore (C<_>) to the |
1720 |
method name, and appending a callback to the argument list (mnemonic: the |
1721 |
underscore indicates the "the action is not yet finished" after the call |
1722 |
returns). |
1723 |
|
1724 |
For example, instead of a blocking calls to C<new_session>, C<navigate_to> |
1725 |
and C<back>, you can make a callback-based ones: |
1726 |
|
1727 |
my $cv = AE::cv; |
1728 |
|
1729 |
$wd->new_session ({}, sub { |
1730 |
my ($status, $value) = @_, |
1731 |
|
1732 |
die "error $value->{error}" if $status ne "200"; |
1733 |
|
1734 |
$wd->navigate_to_ ("http://www.nethype.de", sub { |
1735 |
|
1736 |
$wd->back_ (sub { |
1737 |
print "all done\n"; |
1738 |
$cv->send; |
1739 |
}); |
1740 |
|
1741 |
}); |
1742 |
}); |
1743 |
|
1744 |
$cv->recv; |
1745 |
|
1746 |
While the blocking methods C<croak> on errors, the callback-based ones all |
1747 |
pass two values to the callback, C<$status> and C<$res>, where C<$status> |
1748 |
is the HTTP status code (200 for successful requests, typically 4xx or |
1749 |
5xx for errors), and C<$res> is the value of the C<value> key in the JSON |
1750 |
response object. |
1751 |
|
1752 |
Other than that, the underscore variants and the blocking variants are |
1753 |
identical. |
1754 |
|
1755 |
=head2 LOW LEVEL API |
1756 |
|
1757 |
All the simplified API methods are very thin wrappers around WebDriver |
1758 |
commands of the same name. They are all implemented in terms of the |
1759 |
low-level methods (C<req>, C<get>, C<post> and C<delete>), which exist |
1760 |
in blocking and callback-based variants (C<req_>, C<get_>, C<post_> and |
1761 |
C<delete_>). |
1762 |
|
1763 |
Examples are after the function descriptions. |
1764 |
|
1765 |
=over |
1766 |
|
1767 |
=item $wd->req_ ($method, $uri, $body, $cb->($status, $value)) |
1768 |
|
1769 |
=item $value = $wd->req ($method, $uri, $body) |
1770 |
|
1771 |
Appends the C<$uri> to the C<endpoint/session/{sessionid}/> URL and makes |
1772 |
a HTTP C<$method> request (C<GET>, C<POST> etc.). C<POST> requests can |
1773 |
provide a UTF-8-encoded JSON text as HTTP request body, or the empty |
1774 |
string to indicate no body is used. |
1775 |
|
1776 |
For the callback version, the callback gets passed the HTTP status code |
1777 |
(200 for every successful request), and the value of the C<value> key in |
1778 |
the JSON response object as second argument. |
1779 |
|
1780 |
=item $wd->get_ ($uri, $cb->($status, $value)) |
1781 |
|
1782 |
=item $value = $wd->get ($uri) |
1783 |
|
1784 |
Simply a call to C<req_> with C<$method> set to C<GET> and an empty body. |
1785 |
|
1786 |
=item $wd->post_ ($uri, $data, $cb->($status, $value)) |
1787 |
|
1788 |
=item $value = $wd->post ($uri, $data) |
1789 |
|
1790 |
Simply a call to C<req_> with C<$method> set to C<POST> - if C<$body> is |
1791 |
C<undef>, then an empty object is send, otherwise, C<$data> must be a |
1792 |
valid request object, which gets encoded into JSON for you. |
1793 |
|
1794 |
=item $wd->delete_ ($uri, $cb->($status, $value)) |
1795 |
|
1796 |
=item $value = $wd->delete ($uri) |
1797 |
|
1798 |
Simply a call to C<req_> with C<$method> set to C<DELETE> and an empty body. |
1799 |
|
1800 |
=cut |
1801 |
|
1802 |
=back |
1803 |
|
1804 |
Example: implement C<get_all_cookies>, which is a simple C<GET> request |
1805 |
without any parameters: |
1806 |
|
1807 |
$cookies = $wd->get ("cookie"); |
1808 |
|
1809 |
Example: implement C<execute_script>, which needs some parameters: |
1810 |
|
1811 |
$results = $wd->post ("execute/sync" => { script => "$javascript", args => [] }); |
1812 |
|
1813 |
Example: call C<find_elements> to find all C<IMG> elements: |
1814 |
|
1815 |
$elems = $wd->post (elements => { using => "css selector", value => "img" }); |
1816 |
|
1817 |
=cut |
1818 |
|
1819 |
=head1 HISTORY |
1820 |
|
1821 |
This module was unintentionally created (it started inside some quickly |
1822 |
hacked-together script) simply because I couldn't get the existing |
1823 |
C<Selenium::Remote::Driver> module to work reliably, ever, despite |
1824 |
multiple attempts over the years and trying to report multiple bugs, which |
1825 |
have been completely ignored. It's also not event-based, so, yeah... |
1826 |
|
1827 |
=head1 AUTHOR |
1828 |
|
1829 |
Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
1830 |
http://anyevent.schmorp.de |
1831 |
|
1832 |
=cut |
1833 |
|
1834 |
1 |
1835 |
|