… | |
… | |
15 | # file handle or descriptor readable |
15 | # file handle or descriptor readable |
16 | my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r", cb => sub { ... }); |
16 | my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r", cb => sub { ... }); |
17 | |
17 | |
18 | # one-shot or repeating timers |
18 | # one-shot or repeating timers |
19 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { ... }); |
19 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { ... }); |
20 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, interval => $seconds, cb => ... |
20 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, interval => $seconds, cb => ...); |
21 | |
21 | |
22 | print AnyEvent->now; # prints current event loop time |
22 | print AnyEvent->now; # prints current event loop time |
23 | print AnyEvent->time; # think Time::HiRes::time or simply CORE::time. |
23 | print AnyEvent->time; # think Time::HiRes::time or simply CORE::time. |
24 | |
24 | |
25 | # POSIX signal |
25 | # POSIX signal |
… | |
… | |
76 | module users into the same thing by forcing them to use the same event |
76 | module users into the same thing by forcing them to use the same event |
77 | model you use. |
77 | model you use. |
78 | |
78 | |
79 | For modules like POE or IO::Async (which is a total misnomer as it is |
79 | For modules like POE or IO::Async (which is a total misnomer as it is |
80 | actually doing all I/O I<synchronously>...), using them in your module is |
80 | actually doing all I/O I<synchronously>...), using them in your module is |
81 | like joining a cult: After you joined, you are dependent on them and you |
81 | like joining a cult: After you join, you are dependent on them and you |
82 | cannot use anything else, as they are simply incompatible to everything |
82 | cannot use anything else, as they are simply incompatible to everything |
83 | that isn't them. What's worse, all the potential users of your |
83 | that isn't them. What's worse, all the potential users of your |
84 | module are I<also> forced to use the same event loop you use. |
84 | module are I<also> forced to use the same event loop you use. |
85 | |
85 | |
86 | AnyEvent is different: AnyEvent + POE works fine. AnyEvent + Glib works |
86 | AnyEvent is different: AnyEvent + POE works fine. AnyEvent + Glib works |
87 | fine. AnyEvent + Tk works fine etc. etc. but none of these work together |
87 | fine. AnyEvent + Tk works fine etc. etc. but none of these work together |
88 | with the rest: POE + IO::Async? No go. Tk + Event? No go. Again: if |
88 | with the rest: POE + IO::Async? No go. Tk + Event? No go. Again: if |
89 | your module uses one of those, every user of your module has to use it, |
89 | your module uses one of those, every user of your module has to use it, |
90 | too. But if your module uses AnyEvent, it works transparently with all |
90 | too. But if your module uses AnyEvent, it works transparently with all |
91 | event models it supports (including stuff like IO::Async, as long as those |
91 | event models it supports (including stuff like IO::Async, as long as those |
92 | use one of the supported event loops. It is trivial to add new event loops |
92 | use one of the supported event loops. It is easy to add new event loops |
93 | to AnyEvent, too, so it is future-proof). |
93 | to AnyEvent, too, so it is future-proof). |
94 | |
94 | |
95 | In addition to being free of having to use I<the one and only true event |
95 | In addition to being free of having to use I<the one and only true event |
96 | model>, AnyEvent also is free of bloat and policy: with POE or similar |
96 | model>, AnyEvent also is free of bloat and policy: with POE or similar |
97 | modules, you get an enormous amount of code and strict rules you have to |
97 | modules, you get an enormous amount of code and strict rules you have to |
98 | follow. AnyEvent, on the other hand, is lean and up to the point, by only |
98 | follow. AnyEvent, on the other hand, is lean and to the point, by only |
99 | offering the functionality that is necessary, in as thin as a wrapper as |
99 | offering the functionality that is necessary, in as thin as a wrapper as |
100 | technically possible. |
100 | technically possible. |
101 | |
101 | |
102 | Of course, AnyEvent comes with a big (and fully optional!) toolbox |
102 | Of course, AnyEvent comes with a big (and fully optional!) toolbox |
103 | of useful functionality, such as an asynchronous DNS resolver, 100% |
103 | of useful functionality, such as an asynchronous DNS resolver, 100% |
… | |
… | |
109 | useful) and you want to force your users to use the one and only event |
109 | useful) and you want to force your users to use the one and only event |
110 | model, you should I<not> use this module. |
110 | model, you should I<not> use this module. |
111 | |
111 | |
112 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
112 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
113 | |
113 | |
114 | L<AnyEvent> provides an identical interface to multiple event loops. This |
114 | L<AnyEvent> provides a uniform interface to various event loops. This |
115 | allows module authors to utilise an event loop without forcing module |
115 | allows module authors to use event loop functionality without forcing |
116 | users to use the same event loop (as only a single event loop can coexist |
116 | module users to use a specific event loop implementation (since more |
117 | peacefully at any one time). |
117 | than one event loop cannot coexist peacefully). |
118 | |
118 | |
119 | The interface itself is vaguely similar, but not identical to the L<Event> |
119 | The interface itself is vaguely similar, but not identical to the L<Event> |
120 | module. |
120 | module. |
121 | |
121 | |
122 | During the first call of any watcher-creation method, the module tries |
122 | During the first call of any watcher-creation method, the module tries |
… | |
… | |
159 | callback when the event occurs (of course, only when the event model |
159 | callback when the event occurs (of course, only when the event model |
160 | is in control). |
160 | is in control). |
161 | |
161 | |
162 | Note that B<callbacks must not permanently change global variables> |
162 | Note that B<callbacks must not permanently change global variables> |
163 | potentially in use by the event loop (such as C<$_> or C<$[>) and that B<< |
163 | potentially in use by the event loop (such as C<$_> or C<$[>) and that B<< |
164 | callbacks must not C<die> >>. The former is good programming practise in |
164 | callbacks must not C<die> >>. The former is good programming practice in |
165 | Perl and the latter stems from the fact that exception handling differs |
165 | Perl and the latter stems from the fact that exception handling differs |
166 | widely between event loops. |
166 | widely between event loops. |
167 | |
167 | |
168 | To disable the watcher you have to destroy it (e.g. by setting the |
168 | To disable a watcher you have to destroy it (e.g. by setting the |
169 | variable you store it in to C<undef> or otherwise deleting all references |
169 | variable you store it in to C<undef> or otherwise deleting all references |
170 | to it). |
170 | to it). |
171 | |
171 | |
172 | All watchers are created by calling a method on the C<AnyEvent> class. |
172 | All watchers are created by calling a method on the C<AnyEvent> class. |
173 | |
173 | |
174 | Many watchers either are used with "recursion" (repeating timers for |
174 | Many watchers either are used with "recursion" (repeating timers for |
175 | example), or need to refer to their watcher object in other ways. |
175 | example), or need to refer to their watcher object in other ways. |
176 | |
176 | |
177 | An any way to achieve that is this pattern: |
177 | One way to achieve that is this pattern: |
178 | |
178 | |
179 | my $w; $w = AnyEvent->type (arg => value ..., cb => sub { |
179 | my $w; $w = AnyEvent->type (arg => value ..., cb => sub { |
180 | # you can use $w here, for example to undef it |
180 | # you can use $w here, for example to undef it |
181 | undef $w; |
181 | undef $w; |
182 | }); |
182 | }); |
… | |
… | |
214 | |
214 | |
215 | The I/O watcher might use the underlying file descriptor or a copy of it. |
215 | The I/O watcher might use the underlying file descriptor or a copy of it. |
216 | You must not close a file handle as long as any watcher is active on the |
216 | You must not close a file handle as long as any watcher is active on the |
217 | underlying file descriptor. |
217 | underlying file descriptor. |
218 | |
218 | |
219 | Some event loops issue spurious readyness notifications, so you should |
219 | Some event loops issue spurious readiness notifications, so you should |
220 | always use non-blocking calls when reading/writing from/to your file |
220 | always use non-blocking calls when reading/writing from/to your file |
221 | handles. |
221 | handles. |
222 | |
222 | |
223 | Example: wait for readability of STDIN, then read a line and disable the |
223 | Example: wait for readability of STDIN, then read a line and disable the |
224 | watcher. |
224 | watcher. |
… | |
… | |
248 | |
248 | |
249 | Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and |
249 | Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and |
250 | presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent |
250 | presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent |
251 | callbacks cannot use arguments passed to time watcher callbacks. |
251 | callbacks cannot use arguments passed to time watcher callbacks. |
252 | |
252 | |
253 | The callback will normally be invoked once only. If you specify another |
253 | The callback will normally be invoked only once. If you specify another |
254 | parameter, C<interval>, as a strictly positive number (> 0), then the |
254 | parameter, C<interval>, as a strictly positive number (> 0), then the |
255 | callback will be invoked regularly at that interval (in fractional |
255 | callback will be invoked regularly at that interval (in fractional |
256 | seconds) after the first invocation. If C<interval> is specified with a |
256 | seconds) after the first invocation. If C<interval> is specified with a |
257 | false value, then it is treated as if it were missing. |
257 | false value, then it is treated as if it were not specified at all. |
258 | |
258 | |
259 | The callback will be rescheduled before invoking the callback, but no |
259 | The callback will be rescheduled before invoking the callback, but no |
260 | attempt is done to avoid timer drift in most backends, so the interval is |
260 | attempt is made to avoid timer drift in most backends, so the interval is |
261 | only approximate. |
261 | only approximate. |
262 | |
262 | |
263 | Example: fire an event after 7.7 seconds. |
263 | Example: fire an event after 7.7 seconds. |
264 | |
264 | |
265 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 7.7, cb => sub { |
265 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 7.7, cb => sub { |
… | |
… | |
283 | |
283 | |
284 | While most event loops expect timers to specified in a relative way, they |
284 | While most event loops expect timers to specified in a relative way, they |
285 | use absolute time internally. This makes a difference when your clock |
285 | use absolute time internally. This makes a difference when your clock |
286 | "jumps", for example, when ntp decides to set your clock backwards from |
286 | "jumps", for example, when ntp decides to set your clock backwards from |
287 | the wrong date of 2014-01-01 to 2008-01-01, a watcher that is supposed to |
287 | the wrong date of 2014-01-01 to 2008-01-01, a watcher that is supposed to |
288 | fire "after" a second might actually take six years to finally fire. |
288 | fire "after a second" might actually take six years to finally fire. |
289 | |
289 | |
290 | AnyEvent cannot compensate for this. The only event loop that is conscious |
290 | AnyEvent cannot compensate for this. The only event loop that is conscious |
291 | about these issues is L<EV>, which offers both relative (ev_timer, based |
291 | of these issues is L<EV>, which offers both relative (ev_timer, based |
292 | on true relative time) and absolute (ev_periodic, based on wallclock time) |
292 | on true relative time) and absolute (ev_periodic, based on wallclock time) |
293 | timers. |
293 | timers. |
294 | |
294 | |
295 | AnyEvent always prefers relative timers, if available, matching the |
295 | AnyEvent always prefers relative timers, if available, matching the |
296 | AnyEvent API. |
296 | AnyEvent API. |
… | |
… | |
318 | I<In almost all cases (in all cases if you don't care), this is the |
318 | I<In almost all cases (in all cases if you don't care), this is the |
319 | function to call when you want to know the current time.> |
319 | function to call when you want to know the current time.> |
320 | |
320 | |
321 | This function is also often faster then C<< AnyEvent->time >>, and |
321 | This function is also often faster then C<< AnyEvent->time >>, and |
322 | thus the preferred method if you want some timestamp (for example, |
322 | thus the preferred method if you want some timestamp (for example, |
323 | L<AnyEvent::Handle> uses this to update it's activity timeouts). |
323 | L<AnyEvent::Handle> uses this to update its activity timeouts). |
324 | |
324 | |
325 | The rest of this section is only of relevance if you try to be very exact |
325 | The rest of this section is only of relevance if you try to be very exact |
326 | with your timing, you can skip it without bad conscience. |
326 | with your timing; you can skip it without a bad conscience. |
327 | |
327 | |
328 | For a practical example of when these times differ, consider L<Event::Lib> |
328 | For a practical example of when these times differ, consider L<Event::Lib> |
329 | and L<EV> and the following set-up: |
329 | and L<EV> and the following set-up: |
330 | |
330 | |
331 | The event loop is running and has just invoked one of your callback at |
331 | The event loop is running and has just invoked one of your callbacks at |
332 | time=500 (assume no other callbacks delay processing). In your callback, |
332 | time=500 (assume no other callbacks delay processing). In your callback, |
333 | you wait a second by executing C<sleep 1> (blocking the process for a |
333 | you wait a second by executing C<sleep 1> (blocking the process for a |
334 | second) and then (at time=501) you create a relative timer that fires |
334 | second) and then (at time=501) you create a relative timer that fires |
335 | after three seconds. |
335 | after three seconds. |
336 | |
336 | |
… | |
… | |
429 | =head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds |
429 | =head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds |
430 | |
430 | |
431 | Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support attaching |
431 | Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support attaching |
432 | callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot |
432 | callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot |
433 | do race-free signal handling in perl, requiring C libraries for |
433 | do race-free signal handling in perl, requiring C libraries for |
434 | this. AnyEvent will try to do it's best, which means in some cases, |
434 | this. AnyEvent will try to do its best, which means in some cases, |
435 | signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might be delayed is |
435 | signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might be delayed is |
436 | specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10 seconds). This |
436 | specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10 seconds). This |
437 | variable can be changed only before the first signal watcher is created, |
437 | variable can be changed only before the first signal watcher is created, |
438 | and should be left alone otherwise. This variable determines how often |
438 | and should be left alone otherwise. This variable determines how often |
439 | AnyEvent polls for signals (in case a wake-up was missed). Higher values |
439 | AnyEvent polls for signals (in case a wake-up was missed). Higher values |
… | |
… | |
441 | saving. |
441 | saving. |
442 | |
442 | |
443 | All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional |
443 | All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional |
444 | L<Async::Interrupt> module, which works with most event loops. It will not |
444 | L<Async::Interrupt> module, which works with most event loops. It will not |
445 | work with inherently broken event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib> |
445 | work with inherently broken event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib> |
446 | (and not with L<POE> currently, as POE does it's own workaround with |
446 | (and not with L<POE> currently, as POE does its own workaround with |
447 | one-second latency). For those, you just have to suffer the delays. |
447 | one-second latency). For those, you just have to suffer the delays. |
448 | |
448 | |
449 | =head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS |
449 | =head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS |
450 | |
450 | |
451 | $w = AnyEvent->child (pid => <process id>, cb => <callback>); |
451 | $w = AnyEvent->child (pid => <process id>, cb => <callback>); |
452 | |
452 | |
453 | You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status. |
453 | You can also watch for a child process exit and catch its exit status. |
454 | |
454 | |
455 | The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (one some backends, |
455 | The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (on some backends, |
456 | using C<0> watches for any child process exit, on others this will |
456 | using C<0> watches for any child process exit, on others this will |
457 | croak). The watcher will be triggered only when the child process has |
457 | croak). The watcher will be triggered only when the child process has |
458 | finished and an exit status is available, not on any trace events |
458 | finished and an exit status is available, not on any trace events |
459 | (stopped/continued). |
459 | (stopped/continued). |
460 | |
460 | |
… | |
… | |
507 | |
507 | |
508 | =head2 IDLE WATCHERS |
508 | =head2 IDLE WATCHERS |
509 | |
509 | |
510 | $w = AnyEvent->idle (cb => <callback>); |
510 | $w = AnyEvent->idle (cb => <callback>); |
511 | |
511 | |
512 | Repeatedly invoke the callback after the process becomes idle, until |
512 | This will repeatedly invoke the callback after the process becomes idle, |
513 | either the watcher is destroyed or new events have been detected. |
513 | until either the watcher is destroyed or new events have been detected. |
514 | |
514 | |
515 | Idle watchers are useful when there is a need to do something, but it |
515 | Idle watchers are useful when there is a need to do something, but it |
516 | is not so important (or wise) to do it instantly. The callback will be |
516 | is not so important (or wise) to do it instantly. The callback will be |
517 | invoked only when there is "nothing better to do", which is usually |
517 | invoked only when there is "nothing better to do", which is usually |
518 | defined as "all outstanding events have been handled and no new events |
518 | defined as "all outstanding events have been handled and no new events |
… | |
… | |
588 | the signal fires. |
588 | the signal fires. |
589 | |
589 | |
590 | =item * Condition variables are like "Merge Points" - points in your program |
590 | =item * Condition variables are like "Merge Points" - points in your program |
591 | where you merge multiple independent results/control flows into one. |
591 | where you merge multiple independent results/control flows into one. |
592 | |
592 | |
593 | =item * Condition variables represent a transaction - function that start |
593 | =item * Condition variables represent a transaction - functions that start |
594 | some kind of transaction can return them, leaving the caller the choice |
594 | some kind of transaction can return them, leaving the caller the choice |
595 | between waiting in a blocking fashion, or setting a callback. |
595 | between waiting in a blocking fashion, or setting a callback. |
596 | |
596 | |
597 | =item * Condition variables represent future values, or promises to deliver |
597 | =item * Condition variables represent future values, or promises to deliver |
598 | some result, long before the result is available. |
598 | some result, long before the result is available. |
… | |
… | |
618 | |
618 | |
619 | Condition variables are represented by hash refs in perl, and the keys |
619 | Condition variables are represented by hash refs in perl, and the keys |
620 | used by AnyEvent itself are all named C<_ae_XXX> to make subclassing |
620 | used by AnyEvent itself are all named C<_ae_XXX> to make subclassing |
621 | easy (it is often useful to build your own transaction class on top of |
621 | easy (it is often useful to build your own transaction class on top of |
622 | AnyEvent). To subclass, use C<AnyEvent::CondVar> as base class and call |
622 | AnyEvent). To subclass, use C<AnyEvent::CondVar> as base class and call |
623 | it's C<new> method in your own C<new> method. |
623 | its C<new> method in your own C<new> method. |
624 | |
624 | |
625 | There are two "sides" to a condition variable - the "producer side" which |
625 | There are two "sides" to a condition variable - the "producer side" which |
626 | eventually calls C<< -> send >>, and the "consumer side", which waits |
626 | eventually calls C<< -> send >>, and the "consumer side", which waits |
627 | for the send to occur. |
627 | for the send to occur. |
628 | |
628 | |
… | |
… | |
693 | they were a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling |
693 | they were a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling |
694 | C<send>. |
694 | C<send>. |
695 | |
695 | |
696 | =item $cv->croak ($error) |
696 | =item $cv->croak ($error) |
697 | |
697 | |
698 | Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke |
698 | Similar to send, but causes all calls to C<< ->recv >> to invoke |
699 | C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar. |
699 | C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar. |
700 | |
700 | |
701 | This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable |
701 | This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable |
702 | user/consumer. Doing it this way instead of calling C<croak> directly |
702 | user/consumer. Doing it this way instead of calling C<croak> directly |
703 | delays the error detetcion, but has the overwhelmign advantage that it |
703 | delays the error detection, but has the overwhelming advantage that it |
704 | diagnoses the error at the place where the result is expected, and not |
704 | diagnoses the error at the place where the result is expected, and not |
705 | deep in some event clalback without connection to the actual code causing |
705 | deep in some event callback with no connection to the actual code causing |
706 | the problem. |
706 | the problem. |
707 | |
707 | |
708 | =item $cv->begin ([group callback]) |
708 | =item $cv->begin ([group callback]) |
709 | |
709 | |
710 | =item $cv->end |
710 | =item $cv->end |
… | |
… | |
748 | one call to C<begin>, so the condvar waits for all calls to C<end> before |
748 | one call to C<begin>, so the condvar waits for all calls to C<end> before |
749 | sending. |
749 | sending. |
750 | |
750 | |
751 | The ping example mentioned above is slightly more complicated, as the |
751 | The ping example mentioned above is slightly more complicated, as the |
752 | there are results to be passwd back, and the number of tasks that are |
752 | there are results to be passwd back, and the number of tasks that are |
753 | begung can potentially be zero: |
753 | begun can potentially be zero: |
754 | |
754 | |
755 | my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
755 | my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
756 | |
756 | |
757 | my %result; |
757 | my %result; |
758 | $cv->begin (sub { shift->send (\%result) }); |
758 | $cv->begin (sub { shift->send (\%result) }); |
… | |
… | |
779 | to be called once the counter reaches C<0>, and second, it ensures that |
779 | to be called once the counter reaches C<0>, and second, it ensures that |
780 | C<send> is called even when C<no> hosts are being pinged (the loop |
780 | C<send> is called even when C<no> hosts are being pinged (the loop |
781 | doesn't execute once). |
781 | doesn't execute once). |
782 | |
782 | |
783 | This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple (but |
783 | This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple (but |
784 | potentially none) subrequests: use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set |
784 | potentially zero) subrequests: use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set |
785 | the callback and ensure C<end> is called at least once, and then, for each |
785 | the callback and ensure C<end> is called at least once, and then, for each |
786 | subrequest you start, call C<begin> and for each subrequest you finish, |
786 | subrequest you start, call C<begin> and for each subrequest you finish, |
787 | call C<end>. |
787 | call C<end>. |
788 | |
788 | |
789 | =back |
789 | =back |
… | |
… | |
796 | =over 4 |
796 | =over 4 |
797 | |
797 | |
798 | =item $cv->recv |
798 | =item $cv->recv |
799 | |
799 | |
800 | Wait (blocking if necessary) until the C<< ->send >> or C<< ->croak |
800 | Wait (blocking if necessary) until the C<< ->send >> or C<< ->croak |
801 | >> methods have been called on c<$cv>, while servicing other watchers |
801 | >> methods have been called on C<$cv>, while servicing other watchers |
802 | normally. |
802 | normally. |
803 | |
803 | |
804 | You can only wait once on a condition - additional calls are valid but |
804 | You can only wait once on a condition - additional calls are valid but |
805 | will return immediately. |
805 | will return immediately. |
806 | |
806 | |
… | |
… | |
823 | caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling |
823 | caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling |
824 | condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting |
824 | condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting |
825 | callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block, |
825 | callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block, |
826 | while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires). |
826 | while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires). |
827 | |
827 | |
828 | You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and |
828 | You can ensure that C<< ->recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and |
829 | only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later |
829 | only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later |
830 | time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking |
830 | time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking |
831 | waits otherwise. |
831 | waits otherwise. |
832 | |
832 | |
833 | =item $bool = $cv->ready |
833 | =item $bool = $cv->ready |
… | |
… | |
838 | =item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv)) |
838 | =item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv)) |
839 | |
839 | |
840 | This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally |
840 | This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally |
841 | replaces it before doing so. |
841 | replaces it before doing so. |
842 | |
842 | |
843 | The callback will be called when the condition becomes (or already was) |
843 | The callback will be called when the condition becomes "true", i.e. when |
844 | "true", i.e. when C<send> or C<croak> are called (or were called), with |
844 | C<send> or C<croak> are called, with the only argument being the |
845 | the only argument being the condition variable itself. Calling C<recv> |
845 | condition variable itself. If the condition is already true, the |
|
|
846 | callback is called immediately when it is set. Calling C<recv> inside |
846 | inside the callback or at any later time is guaranteed not to block. |
847 | the callback or at any later time is guaranteed not to block. |
847 | |
848 | |
848 | =back |
849 | =back |
849 | |
850 | |
850 | =head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS |
851 | =head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS |
851 | |
852 | |
… | |
… | |
863 | AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice). |
864 | AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice). |
864 | AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable. |
865 | AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable. |
865 | |
866 | |
866 | =item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used. |
867 | =item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used. |
867 | |
868 | |
868 | These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher |
869 | These will be used if they are already loaded when the first watcher |
869 | is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using |
870 | is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using |
870 | them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend |
871 | them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend |
871 | when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to |
872 | when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to |
872 | create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program. |
873 | create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program. |
873 | |
874 | |
… | |
… | |
889 | |
890 | |
890 | Support for IO::Async can only be partial, as it is too broken and |
891 | Support for IO::Async can only be partial, as it is too broken and |
891 | architecturally limited to even support the AnyEvent API. It also |
892 | architecturally limited to even support the AnyEvent API. It also |
892 | is the only event loop that needs the loop to be set explicitly, so |
893 | is the only event loop that needs the loop to be set explicitly, so |
893 | it can only be used by a main program knowing about AnyEvent. See |
894 | it can only be used by a main program knowing about AnyEvent. See |
894 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::Async> for the gory details. |
895 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync> for the gory details. |
895 | |
896 | |
896 | AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync based on IO::Async, cannot be autoprobed. |
897 | AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync based on IO::Async, cannot be autoprobed. |
897 | |
898 | |
898 | =item Event loops that are indirectly supported via other backends. |
899 | =item Event loops that are indirectly supported via other backends. |
899 | |
900 | |
… | |
… | |
927 | Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created, before the |
928 | Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created, before the |
928 | backend has been autodetected. |
929 | backend has been autodetected. |
929 | |
930 | |
930 | Afterwards it contains the event model that is being used, which is the |
931 | Afterwards it contains the event model that is being used, which is the |
931 | name of the Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one |
932 | name of the Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one |
932 | of the C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the |
933 | of the C<AnyEvent::Impl::xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the |
933 | case AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode> it |
934 | case AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode> it |
934 | will be C<urxvt::anyevent>). |
935 | will be C<urxvt::anyevent>). |
935 | |
936 | |
936 | =item AnyEvent::detect |
937 | =item AnyEvent::detect |
937 | |
938 | |
938 | Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model |
939 | Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model |
939 | if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would |
940 | if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would |
940 | have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at |
941 | have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at |
941 | runtime, and not e.g. while initialising of your module. |
942 | runtime, and not e.g. during initialisation of your module. |
942 | |
943 | |
943 | If you need to do some initialisation before AnyEvent watchers are |
944 | If you need to do some initialisation before AnyEvent watchers are |
944 | created, use C<post_detect>. |
945 | created, use C<post_detect>. |
945 | |
946 | |
946 | =item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK } |
947 | =item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK } |
947 | |
948 | |
948 | Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is |
949 | Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is |
949 | autodetected (or immediately if this has already happened). |
950 | autodetected (or immediately if that has already happened). |
950 | |
951 | |
951 | The block will be executed I<after> the actual backend has been detected |
952 | The block will be executed I<after> the actual backend has been detected |
952 | (C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> is set), but I<before> any watchers have been |
953 | (C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> is set), but I<before> any watchers have been |
953 | created, so it is possible to e.g. patch C<@AnyEvent::ISA> or do |
954 | created, so it is possible to e.g. patch C<@AnyEvent::ISA> or do |
954 | other initialisations - see the sources of L<AnyEvent::Strict> or |
955 | other initialisations - see the sources of L<AnyEvent::Strict> or |
… | |
… | |
963 | that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed (or |
964 | that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed (or |
964 | C<undef> when the hook was immediately executed). See L<AnyEvent::AIO> for |
965 | C<undef> when the hook was immediately executed). See L<AnyEvent::AIO> for |
965 | a case where this is useful. |
966 | a case where this is useful. |
966 | |
967 | |
967 | Example: Create a watcher for the IO::AIO module and store it in |
968 | Example: Create a watcher for the IO::AIO module and store it in |
968 | C<$WATCHER>. Only do so after the event loop is initialised, though. |
969 | C<$WATCHER>, but do so only do so after the event loop is initialised. |
969 | |
970 | |
970 | our WATCHER; |
971 | our WATCHER; |
971 | |
972 | |
972 | my $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { |
973 | my $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { |
973 | $WATCHER = AnyEvent->io (fh => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, poll => 'r', cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); |
974 | $WATCHER = AnyEvent->io (fh => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, poll => 'r', cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); |
… | |
… | |
981 | $WATCHER ||= $guard; |
982 | $WATCHER ||= $guard; |
982 | |
983 | |
983 | =item @AnyEvent::post_detect |
984 | =item @AnyEvent::post_detect |
984 | |
985 | |
985 | If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it |
986 | If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it |
986 | before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after |
987 | before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will be called directly |
987 | the event loop has been chosen. |
988 | after the event loop has been chosen. |
988 | |
989 | |
989 | You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though: |
990 | You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though: |
990 | if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the |
991 | if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the |
991 | array will be ignored. |
992 | array will be ignored. |
992 | |
993 | |
… | |
… | |
1028 | because it will stall the whole program, and the whole point of using |
1029 | because it will stall the whole program, and the whole point of using |
1029 | events is to stay interactive. |
1030 | events is to stay interactive. |
1030 | |
1031 | |
1031 | It is fine, however, to call C<< ->recv >> when the user of your module |
1032 | It is fine, however, to call C<< ->recv >> when the user of your module |
1032 | requests it (i.e. if you create a http request object ad have a method |
1033 | requests it (i.e. if you create a http request object ad have a method |
1033 | called C<results> that returns the results, it should call C<< ->recv >> |
1034 | called C<results> that returns the results, it may call C<< ->recv >> |
1034 | freely, as the user of your module knows what she is doing. always). |
1035 | freely, as the user of your module knows what she is doing. Always). |
1035 | |
1036 | |
1036 | =head1 WHAT TO DO IN THE MAIN PROGRAM |
1037 | =head1 WHAT TO DO IN THE MAIN PROGRAM |
1037 | |
1038 | |
1038 | There will always be a single main program - the only place that should |
1039 | There will always be a single main program - the only place that should |
1039 | dictate which event model to use. |
1040 | dictate which event model to use. |
1040 | |
1041 | |
1041 | If it doesn't care, it can just "use AnyEvent" and use it itself, or not |
1042 | If the program is not event-based, it need not do anything special, even |
1042 | do anything special (it does not need to be event-based) and let AnyEvent |
1043 | when it depends on a module that uses an AnyEvent. If the program itself |
1043 | decide which implementation to chose if some module relies on it. |
1044 | uses AnyEvent, but does not care which event loop is used, all it needs |
|
|
1045 | to do is C<use AnyEvent>. In either case, AnyEvent will choose the best |
|
|
1046 | available loop implementation. |
1044 | |
1047 | |
1045 | If the main program relies on a specific event model - for example, in |
1048 | If the main program relies on a specific event model - for example, in |
1046 | Gtk2 programs you have to rely on the Glib module - you should load the |
1049 | Gtk2 programs you have to rely on the Glib module - you should load the |
1047 | event module before loading AnyEvent or any module that uses it: generally |
1050 | event module before loading AnyEvent or any module that uses it: generally |
1048 | speaking, you should load it as early as possible. The reason is that |
1051 | speaking, you should load it as early as possible. The reason is that |
1049 | modules might create watchers when they are loaded, and AnyEvent will |
1052 | modules might create watchers when they are loaded, and AnyEvent will |
1050 | decide on the event model to use as soon as it creates watchers, and it |
1053 | decide on the event model to use as soon as it creates watchers, and it |
1051 | might chose the wrong one unless you load the correct one yourself. |
1054 | might choose the wrong one unless you load the correct one yourself. |
1052 | |
1055 | |
1053 | You can chose to use a pure-perl implementation by loading the |
1056 | You can chose to use a pure-perl implementation by loading the |
1054 | C<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl> module, which gives you similar behaviour |
1057 | C<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl> module, which gives you similar behaviour |
1055 | everywhere, but letting AnyEvent chose the model is generally better. |
1058 | everywhere, but letting AnyEvent chose the model is generally better. |
1056 | |
1059 | |
… | |
… | |
1080 | |
1083 | |
1081 | =over 4 |
1084 | =over 4 |
1082 | |
1085 | |
1083 | =item L<AnyEvent::Util> |
1086 | =item L<AnyEvent::Util> |
1084 | |
1087 | |
1085 | Contains various utility functions that replace often-used but blocking |
1088 | Contains various utility functions that replace often-used blocking |
1086 | functions such as C<inet_aton> by event-/callback-based versions. |
1089 | functions such as C<inet_aton> with event/callback-based versions. |
1087 | |
1090 | |
1088 | =item L<AnyEvent::Socket> |
1091 | =item L<AnyEvent::Socket> |
1089 | |
1092 | |
1090 | Provides various utility functions for (internet protocol) sockets, |
1093 | Provides various utility functions for (internet protocol) sockets, |
1091 | addresses and name resolution. Also functions to create non-blocking tcp |
1094 | addresses and name resolution. Also functions to create non-blocking tcp |
… | |
… | |
1093 | |
1096 | |
1094 | =item L<AnyEvent::Handle> |
1097 | =item L<AnyEvent::Handle> |
1095 | |
1098 | |
1096 | Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes, |
1099 | Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes, |
1097 | supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and |
1100 | supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and |
1098 | non-blocking SSL/TLS (via L<AnyEvent::TLS>. |
1101 | non-blocking SSL/TLS (via L<AnyEvent::TLS>). |
1099 | |
1102 | |
1100 | =item L<AnyEvent::DNS> |
1103 | =item L<AnyEvent::DNS> |
1101 | |
1104 | |
1102 | Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities. |
1105 | Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities. |
1103 | |
1106 | |
… | |
… | |
1111 | |
1114 | |
1112 | Here be danger! |
1115 | Here be danger! |
1113 | |
1116 | |
1114 | As Pauli would put it, "Not only is it not right, it's not even wrong!" - |
1117 | As Pauli would put it, "Not only is it not right, it's not even wrong!" - |
1115 | there are so many things wrong with AnyEvent::Handle::UDP, most notably |
1118 | there are so many things wrong with AnyEvent::Handle::UDP, most notably |
1116 | it's use of a stream-based API with a protocol that isn't streamable, that |
1119 | its use of a stream-based API with a protocol that isn't streamable, that |
1117 | the only way to improve it is to delete it. |
1120 | the only way to improve it is to delete it. |
1118 | |
1121 | |
1119 | It features data corruption (but typically only under load) and general |
1122 | It features data corruption (but typically only under load) and general |
1120 | confusion. On top, the author is not only clueless about UDP but also |
1123 | confusion. On top, the author is not only clueless about UDP but also |
1121 | fact-resistant - some gems of his understanding: "connect doesn't work |
1124 | fact-resistant - some gems of his understanding: "connect doesn't work |
… | |
… | |
1125 | wrong with his module when it is explained to him. |
1128 | wrong with his module when it is explained to him. |
1126 | |
1129 | |
1127 | =item L<AnyEvent::DBI> |
1130 | =item L<AnyEvent::DBI> |
1128 | |
1131 | |
1129 | Executes L<DBI> requests asynchronously in a proxy process for you, |
1132 | Executes L<DBI> requests asynchronously in a proxy process for you, |
1130 | notifying you in an event-bnased way when the operation is finished. |
1133 | notifying you in an event-based way when the operation is finished. |
1131 | |
1134 | |
1132 | =item L<AnyEvent::AIO> |
1135 | =item L<AnyEvent::AIO> |
1133 | |
1136 | |
1134 | Truly asynchronous (as opposed to non-blocking) I/O, should be in the |
1137 | Truly asynchronous (as opposed to non-blocking) I/O, should be in the |
1135 | toolbox of every event programmer. AnyEvent::AIO transparently fuses |
1138 | toolbox of every event programmer. AnyEvent::AIO transparently fuses |
… | |
… | |
1854 | check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems, |
1857 | check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems, |
1855 | it will croak. |
1858 | it will croak. |
1856 | |
1859 | |
1857 | In other words, enables "strict" mode. |
1860 | In other words, enables "strict" mode. |
1858 | |
1861 | |
1859 | Unlike C<use strict> (or it's modern cousin, C<< use L<common::sense> |
1862 | Unlike C<use strict> (or its modern cousin, C<< use L<common::sense> |
1860 | >>, it is definitely recommended to keep it off in production. Keeping |
1863 | >>, it is definitely recommended to keep it off in production. Keeping |
1861 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while developing programs |
1864 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while developing programs |
1862 | can be very useful, however. |
1865 | can be very useful, however. |
1863 | |
1866 | |
1864 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL> |
1867 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL> |
… | |
… | |
2510 | unless defined $SIG{PIPE}; |
2513 | unless defined $SIG{PIPE}; |
2511 | |
2514 | |
2512 | =head1 RECOMMENDED/OPTIONAL MODULES |
2515 | =head1 RECOMMENDED/OPTIONAL MODULES |
2513 | |
2516 | |
2514 | One of AnyEvent's main goals is to be 100% Pure-Perl(tm): only perl (and |
2517 | One of AnyEvent's main goals is to be 100% Pure-Perl(tm): only perl (and |
2515 | it's built-in modules) are required to use it. |
2518 | its built-in modules) are required to use it. |
2516 | |
2519 | |
2517 | That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional |
2520 | That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional |
2518 | modules if they are installed. |
2521 | modules if they are installed. |
2519 | |
2522 | |
2520 | This section explains which additional modules will be used, and how they |
2523 | This section explains which additional modules will be used, and how they |
… | |
… | |
2578 | the help of L<AnyEvent::TLS>), gains the ability to do TLS/SSL. |
2581 | the help of L<AnyEvent::TLS>), gains the ability to do TLS/SSL. |
2579 | |
2582 | |
2580 | =item L<Time::HiRes> |
2583 | =item L<Time::HiRes> |
2581 | |
2584 | |
2582 | This module is part of perl since release 5.008. It will be used when the |
2585 | This module is part of perl since release 5.008. It will be used when the |
2583 | chosen event library does not come with a timing source on it's own. The |
2586 | chosen event library does not come with a timing source of its own. The |
2584 | pure-perl event loop (L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) will additionally use it to |
2587 | pure-perl event loop (L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) will additionally use it to |
2585 | try to use a monotonic clock for timing stability. |
2588 | try to use a monotonic clock for timing stability. |
2586 | |
2589 | |
2587 | =back |
2590 | =back |
2588 | |
2591 | |