[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm

Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.128 by root, Sat May 24 02:50:45 2008 UTC vs.
Revision 1.143 by root, Wed May 28 23:57:38 2008 UTC

 isn't itself. What's worse, all the potential users of your module are
 I<also> forced to use the same event loop you use.
 AnyEvent is different: AnyEvent + POE works fine. AnyEvent + Glib works
 fine. AnyEvent + Tk works fine etc. etc. but none of these work together
-with the rest: POE + IO::Async? no go. Tk + Event? no go. Again: if
+with the rest: POE + IO::Async? No go. Tk + Event? No go. Again: if
 your module uses one of those, every user of your module has to use it,
 too. But if your module uses AnyEvent, it works transparently with all
 event models it supports (including stuff like POE and IO::Async, as long
 as those use one of the supported event loops. It is trivial to add new
 event loops to AnyEvent, too, so it is future-proof).
 modules, you get an enormous amount of code and strict rules you have to
 follow. AnyEvent, on the other hand, is lean and up to the point, by only
 offering the functionality that is necessary, in as thin as a wrapper as
 technically possible.
+Of course, AnyEvent comes with a big (and fully optional!) toolbox
+of useful functionality, such as an asynchronous DNS resolver, 100%
+non-blocking connects (even with TLS/SSL, IPv6 and on broken platforms
+such as Windows) and lots of real-world knowledge and workarounds for
+platform bugs and differences.
-Of course, if you want lots of policy (this can arguably be somewhat
+Now, if you I<do want> lots of policy (this can arguably be somewhat
 useful) and you want to force your users to use the one and only event
 model, you should I<not> use this module.
 =head1 DESCRIPTION
 starts using it, all bets are off. Maybe you should tell their authors to
 use AnyEvent so their modules work together with others seamlessly...
 The pure-perl implementation of AnyEvent is called
 C<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>. Like other event modules you can load it
-explicitly.
+explicitly and enjoy the high availability of that event loop :)
 =head1 WATCHERS
 AnyEvent has the central concept of a I<watcher>, which is an object that
 stores relevant data for each kind of event you are waiting for, such as
 timers.
 AnyEvent always prefers relative timers, if available, matching the
 AnyEvent API.
+AnyEvent has two additional methods that return the "current time":
+=over 4
+=item AnyEvent->time
+This returns the "current wallclock time" as a fractional number of
+seconds since the Epoch (the same thing as C<time> or C<Time::HiRes::time>
+return, and the result is guaranteed to be compatible with those).
+It progresses independently of any event loop processing.
+In almost all cases (in all cases if you don't care), this is the function
+to call when you want to know the current time.
+=item AnyEvent->now
+This also returns the "current wallclock time", but unlike C<time>, above,
+this value might change only once per event loop iteration, depending on
+the event loop (most return the same time as C<time>, above). This is the
+time that AnyEvent timers get scheduled against.
+For a practical example of when these times differ, consider L<Event::Lib>
+and L<EV> and the following set-up:
+The event loop is running and has just invoked one of your callback at
+time=500 (assume no other callbacks delay processing). In your callback,
+you wait a second by executing C<sleep 1> (blocking the process for a
+second) and then (at time=501) you create a relative timer that fires
+after three seconds.
+With L<Event::Lib>, C<< AnyEvent->time >> and C<< AnyEvent->now >> will
+both return C<501>, because that is the current time, and the timer will
+be scheduled to fire at time=504 (C<501> + C<3>).
+With L<EV>m C<< AnyEvent->time >> returns C<501> (as that is the current
+time), but C<< AnyEvent->now >> returns C<500>, as that is the time the
+last event processing phase started. With L<EV>, your timer gets scheduled
+to run at time=503 (C<500> + C<3>).
+In one sense, L<Event::Lib> is more exact, as it uses the current time
+regardless of any delays introduced by event processing. However, most
+callbacks do not expect large delays in processing, so this causes a
+higher drift (and a lot more syscalls to get the current time).
+In another sense, L<EV> is more exact, as your timer will be scheduled at
+the same time, regardless of how long event processing actually took.
+In either case, if you care (and in most cases, you don't), then you
+can get whatever behaviour you want with any event loop, by taking the
+difference between C<< AnyEvent->time >> and C<< AnyEvent->now >> into
+account.
+=back
 =head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS
 You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal
 I<name> without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl callback to
 be invoked whenever a signal occurs.
 Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and
 presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent
 callbacks cannot use arguments passed to signal watcher callbacks.
-Multiple signal occurances can be clumped together into one callback
+Multiple signal occurrences can be clumped together into one callback
-invocation, and callback invocation will be synchronous. synchronous means
+invocation, and callback invocation will be synchronous. Synchronous means
 that it might take a while until the signal gets handled by the process,
-but it is guarenteed not to interrupt any other callbacks.
+but it is guaranteed not to interrupt any other callbacks.
 The main advantage of using these watchers is that you can share a signal
 between multiple watchers.
 This watcher might use C<%SIG>, so programs overwriting those signals
 Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar
 >> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is
 C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable
 becomes true.
-After creation, the conditon variable is "false" until it becomes "true"
+After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true"
-by calling the C<send> method.
+by calling the C<send> method (or calling the condition variable as if it
+were a callback, read about the caveats in the description for the C<<
+->send >> method).
 Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can
 optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points
-in time where multiple outstandign events have been processed. And yet
+in time where multiple outstanding events have been processed. And yet
-another way to call them is transations - each condition variable can be
+another way to call them is transactions - each condition variable can be
 used to represent a transaction, which finishes at some point and delivers
 a result.
 Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished,
 for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests,
 you can block your main program until an event occurs - for example, you
 could C<< ->recv >> in your main program until the user clicks the Quit
 button of your app, which would C<< ->send >> the "quit" event.
 Note that condition variables recurse into the event loop - if you have
-two pieces of code that call C<< ->recv >> in a round-robbin fashion, you
+two pieces of code that call C<< ->recv >> in a round-robin fashion, you
 lose. Therefore, condition variables are good to export to your caller, but
 you should avoid making a blocking wait yourself, at least in callbacks,
 as this asks for trouble.
 Condition variables are represented by hash refs in perl, and the keys
 There are two "sides" to a condition variable - the "producer side" which
 eventually calls C<< -> send >>, and the "consumer side", which waits
 for the send to occur.
-Example:
+Example: wait for a timer.
    # wait till the result is ready
    my $result_ready = AnyEvent->condvar;
    # do something such as adding a timer
    # this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback
    # calls send
    $result_ready->recv;
+Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that
+condition variables are also code references.
+   my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;
+   my $delay = AnyEvent->timer (after => 5, cb => $done);
+   $done->recv;
 =head3 METHODS FOR PRODUCERS
 These methods should only be used by the producing side, i.e. the
 code/module that eventually sends the signal. Note that it is also
 the producer side which creates the condvar in most cases, but it isn't
 If a callback has been set on the condition variable, it is called
 immediately from within send.
 Any arguments passed to the C<send> call will be returned by all
 future C<< ->recv >> calls.
+Condition variables are overloaded so one can call them directly
+(as a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling
+C<send>. Note, however, that many C-based event loops do not handle
+overloading, so as tempting as it may be, passing a condition variable
+instead of a callback does not work. Both the pure perl and EV loops
+support overloading, however, as well as all functions that use perl to
+invoke a callback (as in L<AnyEvent::Socket> and L<AnyEvent::DNS> for
+example).
 =item $cv->croak ($error)
 Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke
 C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar.
 doesn't execute once).
 This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple subrequests:
 use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set the callback and ensure C<end>
 is called at least once, and then, for each subrequest you start, call
-C<begin> and for eahc subrequest you finish, call C<end>.
+C<begin> and for each subrequest you finish, call C<end>.
 =back
 =head3 METHODS FOR CONSUMERS
 (programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are
 using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>, but let the
 caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling
 condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting
 callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block,
-while still suppporting blocking waits if the caller so desires).
+while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires).
 Another reason I<never> to C<< ->recv >> in a module is that you cannot
 sensibly have two C<< ->recv >>'s in parallel, as that would require
 multiple interpreters or coroutines/threads, none of which C<AnyEvent>
 can supply.
 If it doesn't care, it can just "use AnyEvent" and use it itself, or not
 do anything special (it does not need to be event-based) and let AnyEvent
 decide which implementation to chose if some module relies on it.
-If the main program relies on a specific event model. For example, in
+If the main program relies on a specific event model - for example, in
-Gtk2 programs you have to rely on the Glib module. You should load the
+Gtk2 programs you have to rely on the Glib module - you should load the
 event module before loading AnyEvent or any module that uses it: generally
 speaking, you should load it as early as possible. The reason is that
 modules might create watchers when they are loaded, and AnyEvent will
 decide on the event model to use as soon as it creates watchers, and it
 might chose the wrong one unless you load the correct one yourself.
-You can chose to use a rather inefficient pure-perl implementation by
+You can chose to use a pure-perl implementation by loading the
-loading the C<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl> module, which gives you similar
+C<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl> module, which gives you similar behaviour
-behaviour everywhere, but letting AnyEvent chose is generally better.
+everywhere, but letting AnyEvent chose the model is generally better.
+=head2 MAINLOOP EMULATION
+Sometimes (often for short test scripts, or even standalone programs who
+only want to use AnyEvent), you do not want to run a specific event loop.
+In that case, you can use a condition variable like this:
+   AnyEvent->condvar->recv;
+This has the effect of entering the event loop and looping forever.
+Note that usually your program has some exit condition, in which case
+it is better to use the "traditional" approach of storing a condition
+variable somewhere, waiting for it, and sending it when the program should
+exit cleanly.
 =head1 OTHER MODULES
 The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use
 AnyEvent and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent modules
 Provides various utility functions for (internet protocol) sockets,
 addresses and name resolution. Also functions to create non-blocking tcp
 connections or tcp servers, with IPv6 and SRV record support and more.
+=item L<AnyEvent::DNS>
+Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities.
 =item L<AnyEvent::HTTPD>
 Provides a simple web application server framework.
-=item L<AnyEvent::DNS>
-Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities.
 =item L<AnyEvent::FastPing>
 The fastest ping in the west.
 no warnings;
 use strict;
 use Carp;
-our $VERSION = '3.6';
+our $VERSION = '4.05';
 our $MODEL;
 our $AUTOLOAD;
 our @ISA;
+our @REGISTRY;
+our $WIN32;
+BEGIN {
+   my $win32 = ! ! ($^O =~ /mswin32/i);
+   eval "sub WIN32(){ $win32 }";
+}
 our $verbose = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1;
-our @REGISTRY;
+our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4|ipv6) => (1|2), higher numbers are preferred
-our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4|ipv6) => (1|2)
 {
    my $idx;
    $PROTOCOL{$_} = ++$idx
+      for reverse split /\s*,\s*/,
-      for split /\s*,\s*/, $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} || "ipv4,ipv6";
+             $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} || "ipv4,ipv6";
 }
 my @models = (
    [EV::                   => AnyEvent::Impl::EV::],
    [Event::                => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::],
-   [Tk::                   => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::],
-   [Wx::                   => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
-   [Prima::                => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
    [AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::],
-   # everything below here will not be autoprobed as the pureperl backend should work everywhere
+   # everything below here will not be autoprobed
-   [Glib::                 => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::],
+   # as the pureperl backend should work everywhere
+   # and is usually faster
+   [Tk::                   => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::],       # crashes with many handles
+   [Glib::                 => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::],     # becomes extremely slow with many watchers
    [Event::Lib::           => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy
    [Qt::                   => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::],       # requires special main program
    [POE::Kernel::          => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],      # lasciate ogni speranza
+   [Wx::                   => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
+   [Prima::                => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
 );
-our %method = map +($_ => 1), qw(io timer signal child condvar one_event DESTROY);
+our %method = map +($_ => 1), qw(io timer time now signal child condvar one_event DESTROY);
 our @post_detect;
 sub post_detect(&) {
    my ($cb) = @_;
 }
 sub detect() {
    unless ($MODEL) {
       no strict 'refs';
+      local $SIG{__DIE__};
       if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) {
          my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1";
          if (eval "require $model") {
             $MODEL = $model;
    $class->$func (@_);
 }
 package AnyEvent::Base;
+# default implementation for now and time
+use Time::HiRes ();
+sub time { Time::HiRes::time }
+sub now  { Time::HiRes::time }
 # default implementation for ->condvar
 sub condvar {
    bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, AnyEvent::CondVar::
 }
       or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing";
    $PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
    unless ($WNOHANG) {
-      $WNOHANG = eval { require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } || 1;
+      $WNOHANG = eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } || 1;
    }
    unless ($CHLD_W) {
       $CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld);
       # child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round
 package AnyEvent::CondVar;
 our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::;
 package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base;
+use overload
+   '&{}'    => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } },
+   fallback => 1;
 sub _send {
    # nop
 }
 some (broken) firewalls drop such DNS packets, which is why it is off by
 default.
 Setting this variable to C<1> will cause L<AnyEvent::DNS> to announce
 EDNS0 in its DNS requests.
+=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS>
+The maximum number of child processes that C<AnyEvent::Util::fork_call>
+will create in parallel.
 =back
 =head1 EXAMPLE PROGRAM
 speed most when you have lots of watchers, not when you only have a few of
 them).
 EV is again fastest.
-Perl again comes second. It is noticably faster than the C-based event
+Perl again comes second. It is noticeably faster than the C-based event
 loops Event and Glib, although the difference is too small to really
 matter.
 POE also performs much better in this case, but is is still far behind the
 others.

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Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents): Revision 1.128 by root, Sat May 24 02:50:45 2008 UTC vs. Revision 1.143 by root, Wed May 28 23:57:38 2008 UTC

Diff Legend

Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.128 by root, Sat May 24 02:50:45 2008 UTC vs.
Revision 1.143 by root, Wed May 28 23:57:38 2008 UTC