1 | =head1 NAME |
1 | =head1 => NAME |
2 | |
2 | |
3 | AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops |
3 | AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops |
4 | |
4 | |
5 | EV, Event, Coro::EV, Coro::Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt, POE - various supported event loops |
5 | EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt, POE - various supported event loops |
6 | |
6 | |
7 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
7 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
8 | |
8 | |
9 | use AnyEvent; |
9 | use AnyEvent; |
10 | |
10 | |
… | |
… | |
15 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { |
15 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { |
16 | ... |
16 | ... |
17 | }); |
17 | }); |
18 | |
18 | |
19 | my $w = AnyEvent->condvar; # stores whether a condition was flagged |
19 | my $w = AnyEvent->condvar; # stores whether a condition was flagged |
|
|
20 | $w->send; # wake up current and all future recv's |
20 | $w->wait; # enters "main loop" till $condvar gets ->broadcast |
21 | $w->recv; # enters "main loop" till $condvar gets ->send |
21 | $w->broadcast; # wake up current and all future wait's |
|
|
22 | |
22 | |
23 | =head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT) |
23 | =head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT) |
24 | |
24 | |
25 | Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen |
25 | Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen |
26 | nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent? |
26 | nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent? |
… | |
… | |
57 | as those use one of the supported event loops. It is trivial to add new |
57 | as those use one of the supported event loops. It is trivial to add new |
58 | event loops to AnyEvent, too, so it is future-proof). |
58 | event loops to AnyEvent, too, so it is future-proof). |
59 | |
59 | |
60 | In addition to being free of having to use I<the one and only true event |
60 | In addition to being free of having to use I<the one and only true event |
61 | model>, AnyEvent also is free of bloat and policy: with POE or similar |
61 | model>, AnyEvent also is free of bloat and policy: with POE or similar |
62 | modules, you get an enourmous amount of code and strict rules you have to |
62 | modules, you get an enormous amount of code and strict rules you have to |
63 | follow. AnyEvent, on the other hand, is lean and up to the point, by only |
63 | follow. AnyEvent, on the other hand, is lean and up to the point, by only |
64 | offering the functionality that is necessary, in as thin as a wrapper as |
64 | offering the functionality that is necessary, in as thin as a wrapper as |
65 | technically possible. |
65 | technically possible. |
66 | |
66 | |
67 | Of course, if you want lots of policy (this can arguably be somewhat |
67 | Of course, if you want lots of policy (this can arguably be somewhat |
68 | useful) and you want to force your users to use the one and only event |
68 | useful) and you want to force your users to use the one and only event |
69 | model, you should I<not> use this module. |
69 | model, you should I<not> use this module. |
70 | |
|
|
71 | #TODO# |
|
|
72 | |
|
|
73 | Net::IRC3 |
|
|
74 | AnyEvent::HTTPD |
|
|
75 | AnyEvent::DNS |
|
|
76 | IO::AnyEvent |
|
|
77 | Net::FPing |
|
|
78 | Net::XMPP2 |
|
|
79 | Coro |
|
|
80 | |
|
|
81 | AnyEvent::IRC |
|
|
82 | AnyEvent::HTTPD |
|
|
83 | AnyEvent::DNS |
|
|
84 | AnyEvent::Handle |
|
|
85 | AnyEvent::Socket |
|
|
86 | AnyEvent::FPing |
|
|
87 | AnyEvent::XMPP |
|
|
88 | AnyEvent::SNMP |
|
|
89 | Coro |
|
|
90 | |
70 | |
91 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
71 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
92 | |
72 | |
93 | L<AnyEvent> provides an identical interface to multiple event loops. This |
73 | L<AnyEvent> provides an identical interface to multiple event loops. This |
94 | allows module authors to utilise an event loop without forcing module |
74 | allows module authors to utilise an event loop without forcing module |
… | |
… | |
98 | The interface itself is vaguely similar, but not identical to the L<Event> |
78 | The interface itself is vaguely similar, but not identical to the L<Event> |
99 | module. |
79 | module. |
100 | |
80 | |
101 | During the first call of any watcher-creation method, the module tries |
81 | During the first call of any watcher-creation method, the module tries |
102 | to detect the currently loaded event loop by probing whether one of the |
82 | to detect the currently loaded event loop by probing whether one of the |
103 | following modules is already loaded: L<Coro::EV>, L<Coro::Event>, L<EV>, |
83 | following modules is already loaded: L<EV>, |
104 | L<Event>, L<Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, |
84 | L<Event>, L<Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, |
105 | L<POE>. The first one found is used. If none are found, the module tries |
85 | L<POE>. The first one found is used. If none are found, the module tries |
106 | to load these modules (excluding Tk, Event::Lib, Qt and POE as the pure perl |
86 | to load these modules (excluding Tk, Event::Lib, Qt and POE as the pure perl |
107 | adaptor should always succeed) in the order given. The first one that can |
87 | adaptor should always succeed) in the order given. The first one that can |
108 | be successfully loaded will be used. If, after this, still none could be |
88 | be successfully loaded will be used. If, after this, still none could be |
… | |
… | |
128 | |
108 | |
129 | =head1 WATCHERS |
109 | =head1 WATCHERS |
130 | |
110 | |
131 | AnyEvent has the central concept of a I<watcher>, which is an object that |
111 | AnyEvent has the central concept of a I<watcher>, which is an object that |
132 | stores relevant data for each kind of event you are waiting for, such as |
112 | stores relevant data for each kind of event you are waiting for, such as |
133 | the callback to call, the filehandle to watch, etc. |
113 | the callback to call, the file handle to watch, etc. |
134 | |
114 | |
135 | These watchers are normal Perl objects with normal Perl lifetime. After |
115 | These watchers are normal Perl objects with normal Perl lifetime. After |
136 | creating a watcher it will immediately "watch" for events and invoke the |
116 | creating a watcher it will immediately "watch" for events and invoke the |
137 | callback when the event occurs (of course, only when the event model |
117 | callback when the event occurs (of course, only when the event model |
138 | is in control). |
118 | is in control). |
… | |
… | |
257 | |
237 | |
258 | Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and |
238 | Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and |
259 | presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent |
239 | presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent |
260 | callbacks cannot use arguments passed to signal watcher callbacks. |
240 | callbacks cannot use arguments passed to signal watcher callbacks. |
261 | |
241 | |
262 | Multiple signal occurances can be clumped together into one callback |
242 | Multiple signal occurrences can be clumped together into one callback |
263 | invocation, and callback invocation will be synchronous. synchronous means |
243 | invocation, and callback invocation will be synchronous. Synchronous means |
264 | that it might take a while until the signal gets handled by the process, |
244 | that it might take a while until the signal gets handled by the process, |
265 | but it is guarenteed not to interrupt any other callbacks. |
245 | but it is guaranteed not to interrupt any other callbacks. |
266 | |
246 | |
267 | The main advantage of using these watchers is that you can share a signal |
247 | The main advantage of using these watchers is that you can share a signal |
268 | between multiple watchers. |
248 | between multiple watchers. |
269 | |
249 | |
270 | This watcher might use C<%SIG>, so programs overwriting those signals |
250 | This watcher might use C<%SIG>, so programs overwriting those signals |
… | |
… | |
299 | |
279 | |
300 | Example: fork a process and wait for it |
280 | Example: fork a process and wait for it |
301 | |
281 | |
302 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
282 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
303 | |
283 | |
304 | AnyEvent::detect; # force event module to be initialised |
|
|
305 | |
|
|
306 | my $pid = fork or exit 5; |
284 | my $pid = fork or exit 5; |
307 | |
285 | |
308 | my $w = AnyEvent->child ( |
286 | my $w = AnyEvent->child ( |
309 | pid => $pid, |
287 | pid => $pid, |
310 | cb => sub { |
288 | cb => sub { |
311 | my ($pid, $status) = @_; |
289 | my ($pid, $status) = @_; |
312 | warn "pid $pid exited with status $status"; |
290 | warn "pid $pid exited with status $status"; |
313 | $done->broadcast; |
291 | $done->send; |
314 | }, |
292 | }, |
315 | ); |
293 | ); |
316 | |
294 | |
317 | # do something else, then wait for process exit |
295 | # do something else, then wait for process exit |
318 | $done->wait; |
296 | $done->recv; |
319 | |
297 | |
320 | =head2 CONDITION VARIABLES |
298 | =head2 CONDITION VARIABLES |
321 | |
299 | |
|
|
300 | If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them |
|
|
301 | require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that |
|
|
302 | will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks. |
|
|
303 | |
|
|
304 | AnyEvent is different, it expects somebody else to run the event loop and |
|
|
305 | will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user). |
|
|
306 | |
|
|
307 | The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called |
|
|
308 | because they represent a condition that must become true. |
|
|
309 | |
322 | Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar >> |
310 | Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar |
323 | method without any arguments. |
311 | >> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is |
|
|
312 | C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable |
|
|
313 | becomes true. |
324 | |
314 | |
325 | A condition variable waits for a condition - precisely that the C<< |
315 | After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true" |
326 | ->broadcast >> method has been called. |
316 | by calling the C<send> method. |
327 | |
317 | |
328 | They are very useful to signal that a condition has been fulfilled, for |
318 | Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can |
|
|
319 | optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points |
|
|
320 | in time where multiple outstanding events have been processed. And yet |
|
|
321 | another way to call them is transactions - each condition variable can be |
|
|
322 | used to represent a transaction, which finishes at some point and delivers |
|
|
323 | a result. |
|
|
324 | |
|
|
325 | Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished, |
329 | example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests, |
326 | for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests, |
330 | then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the |
327 | then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the |
331 | availability of results. |
328 | availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is |
|
|
329 | called or can synchronously C<< ->recv >> for the results. |
332 | |
330 | |
333 | You can also use condition variables to block your main program until |
331 | You can also use them to simulate traditional event loops - for example, |
334 | an event occurs - for example, you could C<< ->wait >> in your main |
332 | you can block your main program until an event occurs - for example, you |
335 | program until the user clicks the Quit button in your app, which would C<< |
333 | could C<< ->recv >> in your main program until the user clicks the Quit |
336 | ->broadcast >> the "quit" event. |
334 | button of your app, which would C<< ->send >> the "quit" event. |
337 | |
335 | |
338 | Note that condition variables recurse into the event loop - if you have |
336 | Note that condition variables recurse into the event loop - if you have |
339 | two pirces of code that call C<< ->wait >> in a round-robbin fashion, you |
337 | two pieces of code that call C<< ->recv >> in a round-robin fashion, you |
340 | lose. Therefore, condition variables are good to export to your caller, but |
338 | lose. Therefore, condition variables are good to export to your caller, but |
341 | you should avoid making a blocking wait yourself, at least in callbacks, |
339 | you should avoid making a blocking wait yourself, at least in callbacks, |
342 | as this asks for trouble. |
340 | as this asks for trouble. |
343 | |
341 | |
344 | This object has two methods: |
342 | Condition variables are represented by hash refs in perl, and the keys |
|
|
343 | used by AnyEvent itself are all named C<_ae_XXX> to make subclassing |
|
|
344 | easy (it is often useful to build your own transaction class on top of |
|
|
345 | AnyEvent). To subclass, use C<AnyEvent::CondVar> as base class and call |
|
|
346 | it's C<new> method in your own C<new> method. |
|
|
347 | |
|
|
348 | There are two "sides" to a condition variable - the "producer side" which |
|
|
349 | eventually calls C<< -> send >>, and the "consumer side", which waits |
|
|
350 | for the send to occur. |
|
|
351 | |
|
|
352 | Example: |
|
|
353 | |
|
|
354 | # wait till the result is ready |
|
|
355 | my $result_ready = AnyEvent->condvar; |
|
|
356 | |
|
|
357 | # do something such as adding a timer |
|
|
358 | # or socket watcher the calls $result_ready->send |
|
|
359 | # when the "result" is ready. |
|
|
360 | # in this case, we simply use a timer: |
|
|
361 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer ( |
|
|
362 | after => 1, |
|
|
363 | cb => sub { $result_ready->send }, |
|
|
364 | ); |
|
|
365 | |
|
|
366 | # this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback |
|
|
367 | # calls send |
|
|
368 | $result_ready->recv; |
|
|
369 | |
|
|
370 | =head3 METHODS FOR PRODUCERS |
|
|
371 | |
|
|
372 | These methods should only be used by the producing side, i.e. the |
|
|
373 | code/module that eventually sends the signal. Note that it is also |
|
|
374 | the producer side which creates the condvar in most cases, but it isn't |
|
|
375 | uncommon for the consumer to create it as well. |
345 | |
376 | |
346 | =over 4 |
377 | =over 4 |
347 | |
378 | |
|
|
379 | =item $cv->send (...) |
|
|
380 | |
|
|
381 | Flag the condition as ready - a running C<< ->recv >> and all further |
|
|
382 | calls to C<recv> will (eventually) return after this method has been |
|
|
383 | called. If nobody is waiting the send will be remembered. |
|
|
384 | |
|
|
385 | If a callback has been set on the condition variable, it is called |
|
|
386 | immediately from within send. |
|
|
387 | |
|
|
388 | Any arguments passed to the C<send> call will be returned by all |
|
|
389 | future C<< ->recv >> calls. |
|
|
390 | |
|
|
391 | =item $cv->croak ($error) |
|
|
392 | |
|
|
393 | Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke |
|
|
394 | C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar. |
|
|
395 | |
|
|
396 | This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable |
|
|
397 | user/consumer. |
|
|
398 | |
|
|
399 | =item $cv->begin ([group callback]) |
|
|
400 | |
348 | =item $cv->wait |
401 | =item $cv->end |
349 | |
402 | |
350 | Wait (blocking if necessary) until the C<< ->broadcast >> method has been |
403 | These two methods are EXPERIMENTAL and MIGHT CHANGE. |
|
|
404 | |
|
|
405 | These two methods can be used to combine many transactions/events into |
|
|
406 | one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want |
|
|
407 | to use a condition variable for the whole process. |
|
|
408 | |
|
|
409 | Every call to C<< ->begin >> will increment a counter, and every call to |
|
|
410 | C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end |
|
|
411 | >>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback |
|
|
412 | is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no |
|
|
413 | callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments. |
|
|
414 | |
|
|
415 | Let's clarify this with the ping example: |
|
|
416 | |
|
|
417 | my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
|
|
418 | |
|
|
419 | my %result; |
|
|
420 | $cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) }); |
|
|
421 | |
|
|
422 | for my $host (@list_of_hosts) { |
|
|
423 | $cv->begin; |
|
|
424 | ping_host_then_call_callback $host, sub { |
|
|
425 | $result{$host} = ...; |
|
|
426 | $cv->end; |
|
|
427 | }; |
|
|
428 | } |
|
|
429 | |
|
|
430 | $cv->end; |
|
|
431 | |
|
|
432 | This code fragment supposedly pings a number of hosts and calls |
|
|
433 | C<send> after results for all then have have been gathered - in any |
|
|
434 | order. To achieve this, the code issues a call to C<begin> when it starts |
|
|
435 | each ping request and calls C<end> when it has received some result for |
|
|
436 | it. Since C<begin> and C<end> only maintain a counter, the order in which |
|
|
437 | results arrive is not relevant. |
|
|
438 | |
|
|
439 | There is an additional bracketing call to C<begin> and C<end> outside the |
|
|
440 | loop, which serves two important purposes: first, it sets the callback |
|
|
441 | to be called once the counter reaches C<0>, and second, it ensures that |
|
|
442 | C<send> is called even when C<no> hosts are being pinged (the loop |
|
|
443 | doesn't execute once). |
|
|
444 | |
|
|
445 | This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple subrequests: |
|
|
446 | use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set the callback and ensure C<end> |
|
|
447 | is called at least once, and then, for each subrequest you start, call |
|
|
448 | C<begin> and for each subrequest you finish, call C<end>. |
|
|
449 | |
|
|
450 | =back |
|
|
451 | |
|
|
452 | =head3 METHODS FOR CONSUMERS |
|
|
453 | |
|
|
454 | These methods should only be used by the consuming side, i.e. the |
|
|
455 | code awaits the condition. |
|
|
456 | |
|
|
457 | =over 4 |
|
|
458 | |
|
|
459 | =item $cv->recv |
|
|
460 | |
|
|
461 | Wait (blocking if necessary) until the C<< ->send >> or C<< ->croak |
351 | called on c<$cv>, while servicing other watchers normally. |
462 | >> methods have been called on c<$cv>, while servicing other watchers |
|
|
463 | normally. |
352 | |
464 | |
353 | You can only wait once on a condition - additional calls will return |
465 | You can only wait once on a condition - additional calls are valid but |
354 | immediately. |
466 | will return immediately. |
|
|
467 | |
|
|
468 | If an error condition has been set by calling C<< ->croak >>, then this |
|
|
469 | function will call C<croak>. |
|
|
470 | |
|
|
471 | In list context, all parameters passed to C<send> will be returned, |
|
|
472 | in scalar context only the first one will be returned. |
355 | |
473 | |
356 | Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case |
474 | Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case |
357 | (programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are |
475 | (programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are |
358 | using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>, but let the |
476 | using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>, but let the |
359 | caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling |
477 | caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling |
360 | condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting |
478 | condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting |
361 | callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block, |
479 | callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block, |
362 | while still suppporting blocking waits if the caller so desires). |
480 | while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires). |
363 | |
481 | |
364 | Another reason I<never> to C<< ->wait >> in a module is that you cannot |
482 | Another reason I<never> to C<< ->recv >> in a module is that you cannot |
365 | sensibly have two C<< ->wait >>'s in parallel, as that would require |
483 | sensibly have two C<< ->recv >>'s in parallel, as that would require |
366 | multiple interpreters or coroutines/threads, none of which C<AnyEvent> |
484 | multiple interpreters or coroutines/threads, none of which C<AnyEvent> |
367 | can supply (the coroutine-aware backends L<AnyEvent::Impl::CoroEV> and |
485 | can supply. |
368 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::CoroEvent> explicitly support concurrent C<< ->wait >>'s |
|
|
369 | from different coroutines, however). |
|
|
370 | |
486 | |
371 | =item $cv->broadcast |
487 | The L<Coro> module, however, I<can> and I<does> supply coroutines and, in |
|
|
488 | fact, L<Coro::AnyEvent> replaces AnyEvent's condvars by coroutine-safe |
|
|
489 | versions and also integrates coroutines into AnyEvent, making blocking |
|
|
490 | C<< ->recv >> calls perfectly safe as long as they are done from another |
|
|
491 | coroutine (one that doesn't run the event loop). |
372 | |
492 | |
373 | Flag the condition as ready - a running C<< ->wait >> and all further |
493 | You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and |
374 | calls to C<wait> will (eventually) return after this method has been |
494 | only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later |
375 | called. If nobody is waiting the broadcast will be remembered.. |
495 | time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking |
|
|
496 | waits otherwise. |
|
|
497 | |
|
|
498 | =item $bool = $cv->ready |
|
|
499 | |
|
|
500 | Returns true when the condition is "true", i.e. whether C<send> or |
|
|
501 | C<croak> have been called. |
|
|
502 | |
|
|
503 | =item $cb = $cv->cb ([new callback]) |
|
|
504 | |
|
|
505 | This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally |
|
|
506 | replaces it before doing so. |
|
|
507 | |
|
|
508 | The callback will be called when the condition becomes "true", i.e. when |
|
|
509 | C<send> or C<croak> are called. Calling C<recv> inside the callback |
|
|
510 | or at any later time is guaranteed not to block. |
376 | |
511 | |
377 | =back |
512 | =back |
378 | |
|
|
379 | Example: |
|
|
380 | |
|
|
381 | # wait till the result is ready |
|
|
382 | my $result_ready = AnyEvent->condvar; |
|
|
383 | |
|
|
384 | # do something such as adding a timer |
|
|
385 | # or socket watcher the calls $result_ready->broadcast |
|
|
386 | # when the "result" is ready. |
|
|
387 | # in this case, we simply use a timer: |
|
|
388 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer ( |
|
|
389 | after => 1, |
|
|
390 | cb => sub { $result_ready->broadcast }, |
|
|
391 | ); |
|
|
392 | |
|
|
393 | # this "blocks" (while handling events) till the watcher |
|
|
394 | # calls broadcast |
|
|
395 | $result_ready->wait; |
|
|
396 | |
513 | |
397 | =head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS |
514 | =head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS |
398 | |
515 | |
399 | =over 4 |
516 | =over 4 |
400 | |
517 | |
… | |
… | |
406 | C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the case |
523 | C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the case |
407 | AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode>). |
524 | AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode>). |
408 | |
525 | |
409 | The known classes so far are: |
526 | The known classes so far are: |
410 | |
527 | |
411 | AnyEvent::Impl::CoroEV based on Coro::EV, best choice. |
|
|
412 | AnyEvent::Impl::CoroEvent based on Coro::Event, second best choice. |
|
|
413 | AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (an interface to libev, best choice). |
528 | AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (an interface to libev, best choice). |
414 | AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, second best choice. |
529 | AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, second best choice. |
|
|
530 | AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable. |
415 | AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, third-best choice. |
531 | AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, third-best choice. |
416 | AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, inefficient but portable. |
|
|
417 | AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very bad choice. |
532 | AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very bad choice. |
418 | AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt, cannot be autoprobed (see its docs). |
533 | AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt, cannot be autoprobed (see its docs). |
419 | AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse. |
534 | AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse. |
420 | AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, not generic enough for full support. |
535 | AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, not generic enough for full support. |
421 | |
536 | |
… | |
… | |
434 | Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model |
549 | Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model |
435 | if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would |
550 | if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would |
436 | have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at |
551 | have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at |
437 | runtime. |
552 | runtime. |
438 | |
553 | |
|
|
554 | =item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK } |
|
|
555 | |
|
|
556 | Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is |
|
|
557 | autodetected (or immediately if this has already happened). |
|
|
558 | |
|
|
559 | If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object |
|
|
560 | that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed. See |
|
|
561 | L<Coro::BDB> for a case where this is useful. |
|
|
562 | |
|
|
563 | =item @AnyEvent::post_detect |
|
|
564 | |
|
|
565 | If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it |
|
|
566 | before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after |
|
|
567 | the event loop has been chosen. |
|
|
568 | |
|
|
569 | You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though: |
|
|
570 | if it contains a true value then the event loop has already been detected, |
|
|
571 | and the array will be ignored. |
|
|
572 | |
|
|
573 | Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> instead. |
|
|
574 | |
439 | =back |
575 | =back |
440 | |
576 | |
441 | =head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE |
577 | =head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE |
442 | |
578 | |
443 | As a module author, you should C<use AnyEvent> and call AnyEvent methods |
579 | As a module author, you should C<use AnyEvent> and call AnyEvent methods |
… | |
… | |
446 | Be careful when you create watchers in the module body - AnyEvent will |
582 | Be careful when you create watchers in the module body - AnyEvent will |
447 | decide which event module to use as soon as the first method is called, so |
583 | decide which event module to use as soon as the first method is called, so |
448 | by calling AnyEvent in your module body you force the user of your module |
584 | by calling AnyEvent in your module body you force the user of your module |
449 | to load the event module first. |
585 | to load the event module first. |
450 | |
586 | |
451 | Never call C<< ->wait >> on a condition variable unless you I<know> that |
587 | Never call C<< ->recv >> on a condition variable unless you I<know> that |
452 | the C<< ->broadcast >> method has been called on it already. This is |
588 | the C<< ->send >> method has been called on it already. This is |
453 | because it will stall the whole program, and the whole point of using |
589 | because it will stall the whole program, and the whole point of using |
454 | events is to stay interactive. |
590 | events is to stay interactive. |
455 | |
591 | |
456 | It is fine, however, to call C<< ->wait >> when the user of your module |
592 | It is fine, however, to call C<< ->recv >> when the user of your module |
457 | requests it (i.e. if you create a http request object ad have a method |
593 | requests it (i.e. if you create a http request object ad have a method |
458 | called C<results> that returns the results, it should call C<< ->wait >> |
594 | called C<results> that returns the results, it should call C<< ->recv >> |
459 | freely, as the user of your module knows what she is doing. always). |
595 | freely, as the user of your module knows what she is doing. always). |
460 | |
596 | |
461 | =head1 WHAT TO DO IN THE MAIN PROGRAM |
597 | =head1 WHAT TO DO IN THE MAIN PROGRAM |
462 | |
598 | |
463 | There will always be a single main program - the only place that should |
599 | There will always be a single main program - the only place that should |
… | |
… | |
477 | |
613 | |
478 | You can chose to use a rather inefficient pure-perl implementation by |
614 | You can chose to use a rather inefficient pure-perl implementation by |
479 | loading the C<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl> module, which gives you similar |
615 | loading the C<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl> module, which gives you similar |
480 | behaviour everywhere, but letting AnyEvent chose is generally better. |
616 | behaviour everywhere, but letting AnyEvent chose is generally better. |
481 | |
617 | |
|
|
618 | =head1 OTHER MODULES |
|
|
619 | |
|
|
620 | The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use |
|
|
621 | AnyEvent and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent modules |
|
|
622 | in the same program. Some of the modules come with AnyEvent, some are |
|
|
623 | available via CPAN. |
|
|
624 | |
|
|
625 | =over 4 |
|
|
626 | |
|
|
627 | =item L<AnyEvent::Util> |
|
|
628 | |
|
|
629 | Contains various utility functions that replace often-used but blocking |
|
|
630 | functions such as C<inet_aton> by event-/callback-based versions. |
|
|
631 | |
|
|
632 | =item L<AnyEvent::Handle> |
|
|
633 | |
|
|
634 | Provide read and write buffers and manages watchers for reads and writes. |
|
|
635 | |
|
|
636 | =item L<AnyEvent::Socket> |
|
|
637 | |
|
|
638 | Provides various utility functions for (internet protocol) sockets, |
|
|
639 | addresses and name resolution. Also functions to create non-blocking tcp |
|
|
640 | connections or tcp servers, with IPv6 and SRV record support and more. |
|
|
641 | |
|
|
642 | =item L<AnyEvent::HTTPD> |
|
|
643 | |
|
|
644 | Provides a simple web application server framework. |
|
|
645 | |
|
|
646 | =item L<AnyEvent::DNS> |
|
|
647 | |
|
|
648 | Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities. |
|
|
649 | |
|
|
650 | =item L<AnyEvent::FastPing> |
|
|
651 | |
|
|
652 | The fastest ping in the west. |
|
|
653 | |
|
|
654 | =item L<Net::IRC3> |
|
|
655 | |
|
|
656 | AnyEvent based IRC client module family. |
|
|
657 | |
|
|
658 | =item L<Net::XMPP2> |
|
|
659 | |
|
|
660 | AnyEvent based XMPP (Jabber protocol) module family. |
|
|
661 | |
|
|
662 | =item L<Net::FCP> |
|
|
663 | |
|
|
664 | AnyEvent-based implementation of the Freenet Client Protocol, birthplace |
|
|
665 | of AnyEvent. |
|
|
666 | |
|
|
667 | =item L<Event::ExecFlow> |
|
|
668 | |
|
|
669 | High level API for event-based execution flow control. |
|
|
670 | |
|
|
671 | =item L<Coro> |
|
|
672 | |
|
|
673 | Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>. |
|
|
674 | |
|
|
675 | =item L<AnyEvent::AIO>, L<IO::AIO> |
|
|
676 | |
|
|
677 | Truly asynchronous I/O, should be in the toolbox of every event |
|
|
678 | programmer. AnyEvent::AIO transparently fuses IO::AIO and AnyEvent |
|
|
679 | together. |
|
|
680 | |
|
|
681 | =item L<AnyEvent::BDB>, L<BDB> |
|
|
682 | |
|
|
683 | Truly asynchronous Berkeley DB access. AnyEvent::AIO transparently fuses |
|
|
684 | IO::AIO and AnyEvent together. |
|
|
685 | |
|
|
686 | =item L<IO::Lambda> |
|
|
687 | |
|
|
688 | The lambda approach to I/O - don't ask, look there. Can use AnyEvent. |
|
|
689 | |
|
|
690 | =back |
|
|
691 | |
482 | =cut |
692 | =cut |
483 | |
693 | |
484 | package AnyEvent; |
694 | package AnyEvent; |
485 | |
695 | |
486 | no warnings; |
696 | no warnings; |
487 | use strict; |
697 | use strict; |
488 | |
698 | |
489 | use Carp; |
699 | use Carp; |
490 | |
700 | |
491 | our $VERSION = '3.3'; |
701 | our $VERSION = '4.0'; |
492 | our $MODEL; |
702 | our $MODEL; |
493 | |
703 | |
494 | our $AUTOLOAD; |
704 | our $AUTOLOAD; |
495 | our @ISA; |
705 | our @ISA; |
496 | |
706 | |
497 | our $verbose = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1; |
707 | our $verbose = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1; |
498 | |
708 | |
499 | our @REGISTRY; |
709 | our @REGISTRY; |
500 | |
710 | |
|
|
711 | our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4|ipv6) => (1|2) |
|
|
712 | |
|
|
713 | { |
|
|
714 | my $idx; |
|
|
715 | $PROTOCOL{$_} = ++$idx |
|
|
716 | for split /\s*,\s*/, $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} || "ipv4,ipv6"; |
|
|
717 | } |
|
|
718 | |
501 | my @models = ( |
719 | my @models = ( |
502 | [Coro::EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::CoroEV::], |
|
|
503 | [Coro::Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::CoroEvent::], |
|
|
504 | [EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV::], |
720 | [EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV::], |
505 | [Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::], |
721 | [Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::], |
506 | [Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], |
|
|
507 | [Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], |
722 | [Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], |
508 | [Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
723 | [Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
509 | [Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
724 | [Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
510 | [AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::], |
725 | [AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::], |
511 | # everything below here will not be autoprobed as the pureperl backend should work everywhere |
726 | # everything below here will not be autoprobed as the pureperl backend should work everywhere |
|
|
727 | [Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], |
512 | [Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy |
728 | [Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy |
513 | [Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program |
729 | [Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program |
514 | [POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza |
730 | [POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza |
515 | ); |
731 | ); |
516 | |
732 | |
517 | our %method = map +($_ => 1), qw(io timer signal child condvar broadcast wait one_event DESTROY); |
733 | our %method = map +($_ => 1), qw(io timer signal child condvar one_event DESTROY); |
|
|
734 | |
|
|
735 | our @post_detect; |
|
|
736 | |
|
|
737 | sub post_detect(&) { |
|
|
738 | my ($cb) = @_; |
|
|
739 | |
|
|
740 | if ($MODEL) { |
|
|
741 | $cb->(); |
|
|
742 | |
|
|
743 | 1 |
|
|
744 | } else { |
|
|
745 | push @post_detect, $cb; |
|
|
746 | |
|
|
747 | defined wantarray |
|
|
748 | ? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::PostDetect" |
|
|
749 | : () |
|
|
750 | } |
|
|
751 | } |
|
|
752 | |
|
|
753 | sub AnyEvent::Util::PostDetect::DESTROY { |
|
|
754 | @post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect; |
|
|
755 | } |
518 | |
756 | |
519 | sub detect() { |
757 | sub detect() { |
520 | unless ($MODEL) { |
758 | unless ($MODEL) { |
521 | no strict 'refs'; |
759 | no strict 'refs'; |
522 | |
760 | |
… | |
… | |
556 | last; |
794 | last; |
557 | } |
795 | } |
558 | } |
796 | } |
559 | |
797 | |
560 | $MODEL |
798 | $MODEL |
561 | or die "No event module selected for AnyEvent and autodetect failed. Install any one of these modules: EV (or Coro+EV), Event (or Coro+Event) or Glib."; |
799 | or die "No event module selected for AnyEvent and autodetect failed. Install any one of these modules: EV, Event or Glib."; |
562 | } |
800 | } |
563 | } |
801 | } |
564 | |
802 | |
565 | unshift @ISA, $MODEL; |
803 | unshift @ISA, $MODEL; |
566 | push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base"; |
804 | push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base"; |
|
|
805 | |
|
|
806 | (shift @post_detect)->() while @post_detect; |
567 | } |
807 | } |
568 | |
808 | |
569 | $MODEL |
809 | $MODEL |
570 | } |
810 | } |
571 | |
811 | |
… | |
… | |
581 | $class->$func (@_); |
821 | $class->$func (@_); |
582 | } |
822 | } |
583 | |
823 | |
584 | package AnyEvent::Base; |
824 | package AnyEvent::Base; |
585 | |
825 | |
586 | # default implementation for ->condvar, ->wait, ->broadcast |
826 | # default implementation for ->condvar |
587 | |
827 | |
588 | sub condvar { |
828 | sub condvar { |
589 | bless \my $flag, "AnyEvent::Base::CondVar" |
829 | bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, AnyEvent::CondVar:: |
590 | } |
|
|
591 | |
|
|
592 | sub AnyEvent::Base::CondVar::broadcast { |
|
|
593 | ${$_[0]}++; |
|
|
594 | } |
|
|
595 | |
|
|
596 | sub AnyEvent::Base::CondVar::wait { |
|
|
597 | AnyEvent->one_event while !${$_[0]}; |
|
|
598 | } |
830 | } |
599 | |
831 | |
600 | # default implementation for ->signal |
832 | # default implementation for ->signal |
601 | |
833 | |
602 | our %SIG_CB; |
834 | our %SIG_CB; |
… | |
… | |
676 | delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} }; |
908 | delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} }; |
677 | |
909 | |
678 | undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB; |
910 | undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB; |
679 | } |
911 | } |
680 | |
912 | |
|
|
913 | package AnyEvent::CondVar; |
|
|
914 | |
|
|
915 | our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::; |
|
|
916 | |
|
|
917 | package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base; |
|
|
918 | |
|
|
919 | sub _send { |
|
|
920 | # nop |
|
|
921 | } |
|
|
922 | |
|
|
923 | sub send { |
|
|
924 | my $cv = shift; |
|
|
925 | $cv->{_ae_sent} = [@_]; |
|
|
926 | (delete $cv->{_ae_cb})->($cv) if $cv->{_ae_cb}; |
|
|
927 | $cv->_send; |
|
|
928 | } |
|
|
929 | |
|
|
930 | sub croak { |
|
|
931 | $_[0]{_ae_croak} = $_[1]; |
|
|
932 | $_[0]->send; |
|
|
933 | } |
|
|
934 | |
|
|
935 | sub ready { |
|
|
936 | $_[0]{_ae_sent} |
|
|
937 | } |
|
|
938 | |
|
|
939 | sub _wait { |
|
|
940 | AnyEvent->one_event while !$_[0]{_ae_sent}; |
|
|
941 | } |
|
|
942 | |
|
|
943 | sub recv { |
|
|
944 | $_[0]->_wait; |
|
|
945 | |
|
|
946 | Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak} if $_[0]{_ae_croak}; |
|
|
947 | wantarray ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0] |
|
|
948 | } |
|
|
949 | |
|
|
950 | sub cb { |
|
|
951 | $_[0]{_ae_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1; |
|
|
952 | $_[0]{_ae_cb} |
|
|
953 | } |
|
|
954 | |
|
|
955 | sub begin { |
|
|
956 | ++$_[0]{_ae_counter}; |
|
|
957 | $_[0]{_ae_end_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1; |
|
|
958 | } |
|
|
959 | |
|
|
960 | sub end { |
|
|
961 | return if --$_[0]{_ae_counter}; |
|
|
962 | &{ $_[0]{_ae_end_cb} || sub { $_[0]->send } }; |
|
|
963 | } |
|
|
964 | |
|
|
965 | # undocumented/compatibility with pre-3.4 |
|
|
966 | *broadcast = \&send; |
|
|
967 | *wait = \&_wait; |
|
|
968 | |
681 | =head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE |
969 | =head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE |
682 | |
970 | |
683 | This is an advanced topic that you do not normally need to use AnyEvent in |
971 | This is an advanced topic that you do not normally need to use AnyEvent in |
684 | a module. This section is only of use to event loop authors who want to |
972 | a module. This section is only of use to event loop authors who want to |
685 | provide AnyEvent compatibility. |
973 | provide AnyEvent compatibility. |
… | |
… | |
741 | model it chooses. |
1029 | model it chooses. |
742 | |
1030 | |
743 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL> |
1031 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL> |
744 | |
1032 | |
745 | This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before |
1033 | This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before |
746 | autodetection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting |
1034 | auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting |
747 | entirely of ASCII letters. The string C<AnyEvent::Impl::> gets prepended |
1035 | entirely of ASCII letters. The string C<AnyEvent::Impl::> gets prepended |
748 | and the resulting module name is loaded and if the load was successful, |
1036 | and the resulting module name is loaded and if the load was successful, |
749 | used as event model. If it fails to load AnyEvent will proceed with |
1037 | used as event model. If it fails to load AnyEvent will proceed with |
750 | autodetection and -probing. |
1038 | auto detection and -probing. |
751 | |
1039 | |
752 | This functionality might change in future versions. |
1040 | This functionality might change in future versions. |
753 | |
1041 | |
754 | For example, to force the pure perl model (L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) you |
1042 | For example, to force the pure perl model (L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) you |
755 | could start your program like this: |
1043 | could start your program like this: |
756 | |
1044 | |
757 | PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL=Perl perl ... |
1045 | PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL=Perl perl ... |
|
|
1046 | |
|
|
1047 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS> |
|
|
1048 | |
|
|
1049 | Used by both L<AnyEvent::DNS> and L<AnyEvent::Socket> to determine preferences |
|
|
1050 | for IPv4 or IPv6. The default is unspecified (and might change, or be the result |
|
|
1051 | of auto probing). |
|
|
1052 | |
|
|
1053 | Must be set to a comma-separated list of protocols or address families, |
|
|
1054 | current supported: C<ipv4> and C<ipv6>. Only protocols mentioned will be |
|
|
1055 | used, and preference will be given to protocols mentioned earlier in the |
|
|
1056 | list. |
|
|
1057 | |
|
|
1058 | This variable can effectively be used for denial-of-service attacks |
|
|
1059 | against local programs (e.g. when setuid), although the impact is likely |
|
|
1060 | small, as the program has to handle connection errors already- |
|
|
1061 | |
|
|
1062 | Examples: C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv4,ipv6> - prefer IPv4 over IPv6, |
|
|
1063 | but support both and try to use both. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv4> |
|
|
1064 | - only support IPv4, never try to resolve or contact IPv6 |
|
|
1065 | addresses. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv6,ipv4> support either IPv4 or |
|
|
1066 | IPv6, but prefer IPv6 over IPv4. |
|
|
1067 | |
|
|
1068 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_EDNS0> |
|
|
1069 | |
|
|
1070 | Used by L<AnyEvent::DNS> to decide whether to use the EDNS0 extension |
|
|
1071 | for DNS. This extension is generally useful to reduce DNS traffic, but |
|
|
1072 | some (broken) firewalls drop such DNS packets, which is why it is off by |
|
|
1073 | default. |
|
|
1074 | |
|
|
1075 | Setting this variable to C<1> will cause L<AnyEvent::DNS> to announce |
|
|
1076 | EDNS0 in its DNS requests. |
758 | |
1077 | |
759 | =back |
1078 | =back |
760 | |
1079 | |
761 | =head1 EXAMPLE PROGRAM |
1080 | =head1 EXAMPLE PROGRAM |
762 | |
1081 | |
… | |
… | |
773 | poll => 'r', |
1092 | poll => 'r', |
774 | cb => sub { |
1093 | cb => sub { |
775 | warn "io event <$_[0]>\n"; # will always output <r> |
1094 | warn "io event <$_[0]>\n"; # will always output <r> |
776 | chomp (my $input = <STDIN>); # read a line |
1095 | chomp (my $input = <STDIN>); # read a line |
777 | warn "read: $input\n"; # output what has been read |
1096 | warn "read: $input\n"; # output what has been read |
778 | $cv->broadcast if $input =~ /^q/i; # quit program if /^q/i |
1097 | $cv->send if $input =~ /^q/i; # quit program if /^q/i |
779 | }, |
1098 | }, |
780 | ); |
1099 | ); |
781 | |
1100 | |
782 | my $time_watcher; # can only be used once |
1101 | my $time_watcher; # can only be used once |
783 | |
1102 | |
… | |
… | |
788 | }); |
1107 | }); |
789 | } |
1108 | } |
790 | |
1109 | |
791 | new_timer; # create first timer |
1110 | new_timer; # create first timer |
792 | |
1111 | |
793 | $cv->wait; # wait until user enters /^q/i |
1112 | $cv->recv; # wait until user enters /^q/i |
794 | |
1113 | |
795 | =head1 REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE |
1114 | =head1 REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE |
796 | |
1115 | |
797 | Consider the L<Net::FCP> module. It features (among others) the following |
1116 | Consider the L<Net::FCP> module. It features (among others) the following |
798 | API calls, which are to freenet what HTTP GET requests are to http: |
1117 | API calls, which are to freenet what HTTP GET requests are to http: |
… | |
… | |
848 | syswrite $txn->{fh}, $txn->{request} |
1167 | syswrite $txn->{fh}, $txn->{request} |
849 | or die "connection or write error"; |
1168 | or die "connection or write error"; |
850 | $txn->{w} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $txn->{fh}, poll => 'r', cb => sub { $txn->fh_ready_r }); |
1169 | $txn->{w} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $txn->{fh}, poll => 'r', cb => sub { $txn->fh_ready_r }); |
851 | |
1170 | |
852 | Again, C<fh_ready_r> waits till all data has arrived, and then stores the |
1171 | Again, C<fh_ready_r> waits till all data has arrived, and then stores the |
853 | result and signals any possible waiters that the request ahs finished: |
1172 | result and signals any possible waiters that the request has finished: |
854 | |
1173 | |
855 | sysread $txn->{fh}, $txn->{buf}, length $txn->{$buf}; |
1174 | sysread $txn->{fh}, $txn->{buf}, length $txn->{$buf}; |
856 | |
1175 | |
857 | if (end-of-file or data complete) { |
1176 | if (end-of-file or data complete) { |
858 | $txn->{result} = $txn->{buf}; |
1177 | $txn->{result} = $txn->{buf}; |
859 | $txn->{finished}->broadcast; |
1178 | $txn->{finished}->send; |
860 | $txb->{cb}->($txn) of $txn->{cb}; # also call callback |
1179 | $txb->{cb}->($txn) of $txn->{cb}; # also call callback |
861 | } |
1180 | } |
862 | |
1181 | |
863 | The C<result> method, finally, just waits for the finished signal (if the |
1182 | The C<result> method, finally, just waits for the finished signal (if the |
864 | request was already finished, it doesn't wait, of course, and returns the |
1183 | request was already finished, it doesn't wait, of course, and returns the |
865 | data: |
1184 | data: |
866 | |
1185 | |
867 | $txn->{finished}->wait; |
1186 | $txn->{finished}->recv; |
868 | return $txn->{result}; |
1187 | return $txn->{result}; |
869 | |
1188 | |
870 | The actual code goes further and collects all errors (C<die>s, exceptions) |
1189 | The actual code goes further and collects all errors (C<die>s, exceptions) |
871 | that occured during request processing. The C<result> method detects |
1190 | that occurred during request processing. The C<result> method detects |
872 | whether an exception as thrown (it is stored inside the $txn object) |
1191 | whether an exception as thrown (it is stored inside the $txn object) |
873 | and just throws the exception, which means connection errors and other |
1192 | and just throws the exception, which means connection errors and other |
874 | problems get reported tot he code that tries to use the result, not in a |
1193 | problems get reported tot he code that tries to use the result, not in a |
875 | random callback. |
1194 | random callback. |
876 | |
1195 | |
… | |
… | |
907 | |
1226 | |
908 | my $quit = AnyEvent->condvar; |
1227 | my $quit = AnyEvent->condvar; |
909 | |
1228 | |
910 | $fcp->txn_client_get ($url)->cb (sub { |
1229 | $fcp->txn_client_get ($url)->cb (sub { |
911 | ... |
1230 | ... |
912 | $quit->broadcast; |
1231 | $quit->send; |
913 | }); |
1232 | }); |
914 | |
1233 | |
915 | $quit->wait; |
1234 | $quit->recv; |
916 | |
1235 | |
917 | |
1236 | |
918 | =head1 BENCHMARKS |
1237 | =head1 BENCHMARKS |
919 | |
1238 | |
920 | To give you an idea of the performance and overheads that AnyEvent adds |
1239 | To give you an idea of the performance and overheads that AnyEvent adds |
… | |
… | |
922 | of various event loops I prepared some benchmarks. |
1241 | of various event loops I prepared some benchmarks. |
923 | |
1242 | |
924 | =head2 BENCHMARKING ANYEVENT OVERHEAD |
1243 | =head2 BENCHMARKING ANYEVENT OVERHEAD |
925 | |
1244 | |
926 | Here is a benchmark of various supported event models used natively and |
1245 | Here is a benchmark of various supported event models used natively and |
927 | through anyevent. The benchmark creates a lot of timers (with a zero |
1246 | through AnyEvent. The benchmark creates a lot of timers (with a zero |
928 | timeout) and I/O watchers (watching STDOUT, a pty, to become writable, |
1247 | timeout) and I/O watchers (watching STDOUT, a pty, to become writable, |
929 | which it is), lets them fire exactly once and destroys them again. |
1248 | which it is), lets them fire exactly once and destroys them again. |
930 | |
1249 | |
931 | Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench> in the AnyEvent |
1250 | Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench> in the AnyEvent |
932 | distribution. |
1251 | distribution. |
… | |
… | |
949 | all watchers, to avoid adding memory overhead. That means closure creation |
1268 | all watchers, to avoid adding memory overhead. That means closure creation |
950 | and memory usage is not included in the figures. |
1269 | and memory usage is not included in the figures. |
951 | |
1270 | |
952 | I<invoke> is the time, in microseconds, used to invoke a simple |
1271 | I<invoke> is the time, in microseconds, used to invoke a simple |
953 | callback. The callback simply counts down a Perl variable and after it was |
1272 | callback. The callback simply counts down a Perl variable and after it was |
954 | invoked "watcher" times, it would C<< ->broadcast >> a condvar once to |
1273 | invoked "watcher" times, it would C<< ->send >> a condvar once to |
955 | signal the end of this phase. |
1274 | signal the end of this phase. |
956 | |
1275 | |
957 | I<destroy> is the time, in microseconds, that it takes to destroy a single |
1276 | I<destroy> is the time, in microseconds, that it takes to destroy a single |
958 | watcher. |
1277 | watcher. |
959 | |
1278 | |
… | |
… | |
1019 | file descriptor is dup()ed for each watcher. This shows that the dup() |
1338 | file descriptor is dup()ed for each watcher. This shows that the dup() |
1020 | employed by some adaptors is not a big performance issue (it does incur a |
1339 | employed by some adaptors is not a big performance issue (it does incur a |
1021 | hidden memory cost inside the kernel which is not reflected in the figures |
1340 | hidden memory cost inside the kernel which is not reflected in the figures |
1022 | above). |
1341 | above). |
1023 | |
1342 | |
1024 | C<POE>, regardless of underlying event loop (whether using its pure |
1343 | C<POE>, regardless of underlying event loop (whether using its pure perl |
1025 | perl select-based backend or the Event module, the POE-EV backend |
1344 | select-based backend or the Event module, the POE-EV backend couldn't |
1026 | couldn't be tested because it wasn't working) shows abysmal performance |
1345 | be tested because it wasn't working) shows abysmal performance and |
1027 | and memory usage: Watchers use almost 30 times as much memory as |
1346 | memory usage with AnyEvent: Watchers use almost 30 times as much memory |
1028 | EV watchers, and 10 times as much memory as Event (the high memory |
1347 | as EV watchers, and 10 times as much memory as Event (the high memory |
1029 | requirements are caused by requiring a session for each watcher). Watcher |
1348 | requirements are caused by requiring a session for each watcher). Watcher |
1030 | invocation speed is almost 900 times slower than with AnyEvent's pure perl |
1349 | invocation speed is almost 900 times slower than with AnyEvent's pure perl |
|
|
1350 | implementation. |
|
|
1351 | |
1031 | implementation. The design of the POE adaptor class in AnyEvent can not |
1352 | The design of the POE adaptor class in AnyEvent can not really account |
1032 | really account for this, as session creation overhead is small compared |
1353 | for the performance issues, though, as session creation overhead is |
1033 | to execution of the state machine, which is coded pretty optimally within |
1354 | small compared to execution of the state machine, which is coded pretty |
1034 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>. POE simply seems to be abysmally slow. |
1355 | optimally within L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE> (and while everybody agrees that |
|
|
1356 | using multiple sessions is not a good approach, especially regarding |
|
|
1357 | memory usage, even the author of POE could not come up with a faster |
|
|
1358 | design). |
1035 | |
1359 | |
1036 | =head3 Summary |
1360 | =head3 Summary |
1037 | |
1361 | |
1038 | =over 4 |
1362 | =over 4 |
1039 | |
1363 | |
… | |
… | |
1050 | |
1374 | |
1051 | =back |
1375 | =back |
1052 | |
1376 | |
1053 | =head2 BENCHMARKING THE LARGE SERVER CASE |
1377 | =head2 BENCHMARKING THE LARGE SERVER CASE |
1054 | |
1378 | |
1055 | This benchmark atcually benchmarks the event loop itself. It works by |
1379 | This benchmark actually benchmarks the event loop itself. It works by |
1056 | creating a number of "servers": each server consists of a socketpair, a |
1380 | creating a number of "servers": each server consists of a socket pair, a |
1057 | timeout watcher that gets reset on activity (but never fires), and an I/O |
1381 | timeout watcher that gets reset on activity (but never fires), and an I/O |
1058 | watcher waiting for input on one side of the socket. Each time the socket |
1382 | watcher waiting for input on one side of the socket. Each time the socket |
1059 | watcher reads a byte it will write that byte to a random other "server". |
1383 | watcher reads a byte it will write that byte to a random other "server". |
1060 | |
1384 | |
1061 | The effect is that there will be a lot of I/O watchers, only part of which |
1385 | The effect is that there will be a lot of I/O watchers, only part of which |
1062 | are active at any one point (so there is a constant number of active |
1386 | are active at any one point (so there is a constant number of active |
1063 | fds for each loop iterstaion, but which fds these are is random). The |
1387 | fds for each loop iteration, but which fds these are is random). The |
1064 | timeout is reset each time something is read because that reflects how |
1388 | timeout is reset each time something is read because that reflects how |
1065 | most timeouts work (and puts extra pressure on the event loops). |
1389 | most timeouts work (and puts extra pressure on the event loops). |
1066 | |
1390 | |
1067 | In this benchmark, we use 10000 socketpairs (20000 sockets), of which 100 |
1391 | In this benchmark, we use 10000 socket pairs (20000 sockets), of which 100 |
1068 | (1%) are active. This mirrors the activity of large servers with many |
1392 | (1%) are active. This mirrors the activity of large servers with many |
1069 | connections, most of which are idle at any one point in time. |
1393 | connections, most of which are idle at any one point in time. |
1070 | |
1394 | |
1071 | Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench2> in the AnyEvent |
1395 | Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench2> in the AnyEvent |
1072 | distribution. |
1396 | distribution. |
… | |
… | |
1074 | =head3 Explanation of the columns |
1398 | =head3 Explanation of the columns |
1075 | |
1399 | |
1076 | I<sockets> is the number of sockets, and twice the number of "servers" (as |
1400 | I<sockets> is the number of sockets, and twice the number of "servers" (as |
1077 | each server has a read and write socket end). |
1401 | each server has a read and write socket end). |
1078 | |
1402 | |
1079 | I<create> is the time it takes to create a socketpair (which is |
1403 | I<create> is the time it takes to create a socket pair (which is |
1080 | nontrivial) and two watchers: an I/O watcher and a timeout watcher. |
1404 | nontrivial) and two watchers: an I/O watcher and a timeout watcher. |
1081 | |
1405 | |
1082 | I<request>, the most important value, is the time it takes to handle a |
1406 | I<request>, the most important value, is the time it takes to handle a |
1083 | single "request", that is, reading the token from the pipe and forwarding |
1407 | single "request", that is, reading the token from the pipe and forwarding |
1084 | it to another server. This includes deleting the old timeout and creating |
1408 | it to another server. This includes deleting the old timeout and creating |
… | |
… | |
1086 | |
1410 | |
1087 | =head3 Results |
1411 | =head3 Results |
1088 | |
1412 | |
1089 | name sockets create request |
1413 | name sockets create request |
1090 | EV 20000 69.01 11.16 |
1414 | EV 20000 69.01 11.16 |
1091 | Perl 20000 75.28 112.76 |
1415 | Perl 20000 73.32 35.87 |
1092 | Event 20000 212.62 257.32 |
1416 | Event 20000 212.62 257.32 |
1093 | Glib 20000 651.16 1896.30 |
1417 | Glib 20000 651.16 1896.30 |
1094 | POE 20000 349.67 12317.24 uses POE::Loop::Event |
1418 | POE 20000 349.67 12317.24 uses POE::Loop::Event |
1095 | |
1419 | |
1096 | =head3 Discussion |
1420 | =head3 Discussion |
… | |
… | |
1118 | |
1442 | |
1119 | =head3 Summary |
1443 | =head3 Summary |
1120 | |
1444 | |
1121 | =over 4 |
1445 | =over 4 |
1122 | |
1446 | |
1123 | =item * The pure perl implementation performs extremely well, considering |
1447 | =item * The pure perl implementation performs extremely well. |
1124 | that it uses select. |
|
|
1125 | |
1448 | |
1126 | =item * Avoid Glib or POE in large projects where performance matters. |
1449 | =item * Avoid Glib or POE in large projects where performance matters. |
1127 | |
1450 | |
1128 | =back |
1451 | =back |
1129 | |
1452 | |
… | |
… | |
1142 | |
1465 | |
1143 | =head3 Results |
1466 | =head3 Results |
1144 | |
1467 | |
1145 | name sockets create request |
1468 | name sockets create request |
1146 | EV 16 20.00 6.54 |
1469 | EV 16 20.00 6.54 |
|
|
1470 | Perl 16 25.75 12.62 |
1147 | Event 16 81.27 35.86 |
1471 | Event 16 81.27 35.86 |
1148 | Glib 16 32.63 15.48 |
1472 | Glib 16 32.63 15.48 |
1149 | Perl 16 24.62 162.37 |
|
|
1150 | POE 16 261.87 276.28 uses POE::Loop::Event |
1473 | POE 16 261.87 276.28 uses POE::Loop::Event |
1151 | |
1474 | |
1152 | =head3 Discussion |
1475 | =head3 Discussion |
1153 | |
1476 | |
1154 | The benchmark tries to test the performance of a typical small |
1477 | The benchmark tries to test the performance of a typical small |
… | |
… | |
1158 | speed most when you have lots of watchers, not when you only have a few of |
1481 | speed most when you have lots of watchers, not when you only have a few of |
1159 | them). |
1482 | them). |
1160 | |
1483 | |
1161 | EV is again fastest. |
1484 | EV is again fastest. |
1162 | |
1485 | |
1163 | The C-based event loops Event and Glib come in second this time, as the |
1486 | Perl again comes second. It is noticeably faster than the C-based event |
1164 | overhead of running an iteration is much smaller in C than in Perl (little |
1487 | loops Event and Glib, although the difference is too small to really |
1165 | code to execute in the inner loop, and perl's function calling overhead is |
1488 | matter. |
1166 | high, and updating all the data structures is costly). |
|
|
1167 | |
|
|
1168 | The pure perl event loop is much slower, but still competitive. |
|
|
1169 | |
1489 | |
1170 | POE also performs much better in this case, but is is still far behind the |
1490 | POE also performs much better in this case, but is is still far behind the |
1171 | others. |
1491 | others. |
1172 | |
1492 | |
1173 | =head3 Summary |
1493 | =head3 Summary |
… | |
… | |
1181 | |
1501 | |
1182 | |
1502 | |
1183 | =head1 FORK |
1503 | =head1 FORK |
1184 | |
1504 | |
1185 | Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are |
1505 | Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are |
1186 | because they are so inefficient. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware. |
1506 | because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll> |
|
|
1507 | calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware. |
1187 | |
1508 | |
1188 | If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first |
1509 | If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first |
1189 | watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child. |
1510 | watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child. |
1190 | |
1511 | |
1191 | |
1512 | |
… | |
… | |
1203 | |
1524 | |
1204 | BEGIN { delete $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} } |
1525 | BEGIN { delete $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} } |
1205 | |
1526 | |
1206 | use AnyEvent; |
1527 | use AnyEvent; |
1207 | |
1528 | |
|
|
1529 | Similar considerations apply to $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}, as that can |
|
|
1530 | be used to probe what backend is used and gain other information (which is |
|
|
1531 | probably even less useful to an attacker than PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL). |
|
|
1532 | |
1208 | |
1533 | |
1209 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
1534 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
1210 | |
1535 | |
1211 | Event modules: L<Coro::EV>, L<EV>, L<EV::Glib>, L<Glib::EV>, |
1536 | Utility functions: L<AnyEvent::Util>. |
1212 | L<Coro::Event>, L<Event>, L<Glib::Event>, L<Glib>, L<Coro>, L<Tk>, |
1537 | |
|
|
1538 | Event modules: L<EV>, L<EV::Glib>, L<Glib::EV>, L<Event>, L<Glib::Event>, |
1213 | L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>. |
1539 | L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>. |
1214 | |
1540 | |
1215 | Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::CoroEV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, |
1541 | Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>, |
1216 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::CoroEvent>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, |
1542 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>, |
1217 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, |
1543 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>, |
1218 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>. |
1544 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>. |
1219 | |
1545 | |
|
|
1546 | Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and |
|
|
1547 | servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>. |
|
|
1548 | |
|
|
1549 | Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>. |
|
|
1550 | |
|
|
1551 | Coroutine support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>, L<Coro::Event>, |
|
|
1552 | |
1220 | Nontrivial usage examples: L<Net::FCP>, L<Net::XMPP2>. |
1553 | Nontrivial usage examples: L<Net::FCP>, L<Net::XMPP2>, L<AnyEvent::DNS>. |
1221 | |
1554 | |
1222 | |
1555 | |
1223 | =head1 AUTHOR |
1556 | =head1 AUTHOR |
1224 | |
1557 | |
1225 | Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
1558 | Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |