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Revision 1.105 by root, Thu May 1 12:35:54 2008 UTC vs.
Revision 1.106 by root, Thu May 1 13:45:22 2008 UTC

15 my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { 15 my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub {
16 ... 16 ...
17 }); 17 });
18 18
19 my $w = AnyEvent->condvar; # stores whether a condition was flagged 19 my $w = AnyEvent->condvar; # stores whether a condition was flagged
20 $w->wait; # enters "main loop" till $condvar gets ->broadcast 20 $w->wait; # enters "main loop" till $condvar gets ->send
21 $w->broadcast; # wake up current and all future wait's 21 $w->send; # wake up current and all future wait's
22 22
23=head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT) 23=head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT)
24 24
25Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen 25Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen
26nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent? 26nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent?
288 my $w = AnyEvent->child ( 288 my $w = AnyEvent->child (
289 pid => $pid, 289 pid => $pid,
290 cb => sub { 290 cb => sub {
291 my ($pid, $status) = @_; 291 my ($pid, $status) = @_;
292 warn "pid $pid exited with status $status"; 292 warn "pid $pid exited with status $status";
293 $done->broadcast; 293 $done->send;
294 }, 294 },
295 ); 295 );
296 296
297 # do something else, then wait for process exit 297 # do something else, then wait for process exit
298 $done->wait; 298 $done->wait;
313>> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is 313>> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is
314C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable 314C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable
315becomes true. 315becomes true.
316 316
317After creation, the conditon variable is "false" until it becomes "true" 317After creation, the conditon variable is "false" until it becomes "true"
318by calling the C<broadcast> method. 318by calling the C<send> method.
319 319
320Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can 320Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can
321optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points 321optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points
322in time where multiple outstandign events have been processed. And yet 322in time where multiple outstandign events have been processed. And yet
323another way to call them is transations - each condition variable can be 323another way to call them is transations - each condition variable can be
331called or can synchronously C<< ->wait >> for the results. 331called or can synchronously C<< ->wait >> for the results.
332 332
333You can also use them to simulate traditional event loops - for example, 333You can also use them to simulate traditional event loops - for example,
334you can block your main program until an event occurs - for example, you 334you can block your main program until an event occurs - for example, you
335could C<< ->wait >> in your main program until the user clicks the Quit 335could C<< ->wait >> in your main program until the user clicks the Quit
336button of your app, which would C<< ->broadcast >> the "quit" event. 336button of your app, which would C<< ->send >> the "quit" event.
337 337
338Note that condition variables recurse into the event loop - if you have 338Note that condition variables recurse into the event loop - if you have
339two pieces of code that call C<< ->wait >> in a round-robbin fashion, you 339two pieces of code that call C<< ->wait >> in a round-robbin fashion, you
340lose. Therefore, condition variables are good to export to your caller, but 340lose. Therefore, condition variables are good to export to your caller, but
341you should avoid making a blocking wait yourself, at least in callbacks, 341you should avoid making a blocking wait yourself, at least in callbacks,
346easy (it is often useful to build your own transaction class on top of 346easy (it is often useful to build your own transaction class on top of
347AnyEvent). To subclass, use C<AnyEvent::CondVar> as base class and call 347AnyEvent). To subclass, use C<AnyEvent::CondVar> as base class and call
348it's C<new> method in your own C<new> method. 348it's C<new> method in your own C<new> method.
349 349
350There are two "sides" to a condition variable - the "producer side" which 350There are two "sides" to a condition variable - the "producer side" which
351eventually calls C<< -> broadcast >>, and the "consumer side", which waits 351eventually calls C<< -> send >>, and the "consumer side", which waits
352for the broadcast to occur. 352for the send to occur.
353 353
354Example: 354Example:
355 355
356 # wait till the result is ready 356 # wait till the result is ready
357 my $result_ready = AnyEvent->condvar; 357 my $result_ready = AnyEvent->condvar;
358 358
359 # do something such as adding a timer 359 # do something such as adding a timer
360 # or socket watcher the calls $result_ready->broadcast 360 # or socket watcher the calls $result_ready->send
361 # when the "result" is ready. 361 # when the "result" is ready.
362 # in this case, we simply use a timer: 362 # in this case, we simply use a timer:
363 my $w = AnyEvent->timer ( 363 my $w = AnyEvent->timer (
364 after => 1, 364 after => 1,
365 cb => sub { $result_ready->broadcast }, 365 cb => sub { $result_ready->send },
366 ); 366 );
367 367
368 # this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback 368 # this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback
369 # calls broadcast 369 # calls send
370 $result_ready->wait; 370 $result_ready->wait;
371 371
372=head3 METHODS FOR PRODUCERS 372=head3 METHODS FOR PRODUCERS
373 373
374These methods should only be used by the producing side, i.e. the 374These methods should only be used by the producing side, i.e. the
375code/module that eventually broadcasts the signal. Note that it is also 375code/module that eventually sends the signal. Note that it is also
376the producer side which creates the condvar in most cases, but it isn't 376the producer side which creates the condvar in most cases, but it isn't
377uncommon for the consumer to create it as well. 377uncommon for the consumer to create it as well.
378 378
379=over 4 379=over 4
380 380
381=item $cv->broadcast (...) 381=item $cv->send (...)
382 382
383Flag the condition as ready - a running C<< ->wait >> and all further 383Flag the condition as ready - a running C<< ->wait >> and all further
384calls to C<wait> will (eventually) return after this method has been 384calls to C<wait> will (eventually) return after this method has been
385called. If nobody is waiting the broadcast will be remembered. 385called. If nobody is waiting the send will be remembered.
386 386
387If a callback has been set on the condition variable, it is called 387If a callback has been set on the condition variable, it is called
388immediately from within broadcast. 388immediately from within send.
389 389
390Any arguments passed to the C<broadcast> call will be returned by all 390Any arguments passed to the C<send> call will be returned by all
391future C<< ->wait >> calls. 391future C<< ->wait >> calls.
392 392
393=item $cv->croak ($error) 393=item $cv->croak ($error)
394 394
395Similar to broadcast, but causes all call's wait C<< ->wait >> to invoke 395Similar to send, but causes all call's wait C<< ->wait >> to invoke
396C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar. 396C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar.
397 397
398This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable 398This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable
399user/consumer. 399user/consumer.
400 400
407to use a condition variable for the whole process. 407to use a condition variable for the whole process.
408 408
409Every call to C<< ->begin >> will increment a counter, and every call to 409Every call to C<< ->begin >> will increment a counter, and every call to
410C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end 410C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end
411>>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback 411>>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback
412is I<supposed> to call C<< ->broadcast >>, but that is not required. If no 412is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no
413callback was set, C<broadcast> will be called without any arguments. 413callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments.
414 414
415Let's clarify this with the ping example: 415Let's clarify this with the ping example:
416 416
417 my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; 417 my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
418 418
419 my %result; 419 my %result;
420 $cv->begin (sub { $cv->broadcast (\%result) }); 420 $cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) });
421 421
422 for my $host (@list_of_hosts) { 422 for my $host (@list_of_hosts) {
423 $cv->begin; 423 $cv->begin;
424 ping_host_then_call_callback $host, sub { 424 ping_host_then_call_callback $host, sub {
425 $result{$host} = ...; 425 $result{$host} = ...;
428 } 428 }
429 429
430 $cv->end; 430 $cv->end;
431 431
432This code fragment supposedly pings a number of hosts and calls 432This code fragment supposedly pings a number of hosts and calls
433C<broadcast> after results for all then have have been gathered - in any 433C<send> after results for all then have have been gathered - in any
434order. To achieve this, the code issues a call to C<begin> when it starts 434order. To achieve this, the code issues a call to C<begin> when it starts
435each ping request and calls C<end> when it has received some result for 435each ping request and calls C<end> when it has received some result for
436it. Since C<begin> and C<end> only maintain a counter, the order in which 436it. Since C<begin> and C<end> only maintain a counter, the order in which
437results arrive is not relevant. 437results arrive is not relevant.
438 438
439There is an additional bracketing call to C<begin> and C<end> outside the 439There is an additional bracketing call to C<begin> and C<end> outside the
440loop, which serves two important purposes: first, it sets the callback 440loop, which serves two important purposes: first, it sets the callback
441to be called once the counter reaches C<0>, and second, it ensures that 441to be called once the counter reaches C<0>, and second, it ensures that
442broadcast is called even when C<no> hosts are being pinged (the loop 442C<send> is called even when C<no> hosts are being pinged (the loop
443doesn't execute once). 443doesn't execute once).
444 444
445This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple subrequests: 445This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple subrequests:
446use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set the callback and ensure C<end> 446use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set the callback and ensure C<end>
447is called at least once, and then, for each subrequest you start, call 447is called at least once, and then, for each subrequest you start, call
452=head3 METHODS FOR CONSUMERS 452=head3 METHODS FOR CONSUMERS
453 453
454These methods should only be used by the consuming side, i.e. the 454These methods should only be used by the consuming side, i.e. the
455code awaits the condition. 455code awaits the condition.
456 456
457=over 4
458
457=item $cv->wait 459=item $cv->wait
458 460
459Wait (blocking if necessary) until the C<< ->broadcast >> or C<< ->croak 461Wait (blocking if necessary) until the C<< ->send >> or C<< ->croak
460>> methods have been called on c<$cv>, while servicing other watchers 462>> methods have been called on c<$cv>, while servicing other watchers
461normally. 463normally.
462 464
463You can only wait once on a condition - additional calls are valid but 465You can only wait once on a condition - additional calls are valid but
464will return immediately. 466will return immediately.
465 467
466If an error condition has been set by calling C<< ->croak >>, then this 468If an error condition has been set by calling C<< ->croak >>, then this
467function will call C<croak>. 469function will call C<croak>.
468 470
469In list context, all parameters passed to C<broadcast> will be returned, 471In list context, all parameters passed to C<send> will be returned,
470in scalar context only the first one will be returned. 472in scalar context only the first one will be returned.
471 473
472Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case 474Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case
473(programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are 475(programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are
474using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>, but let the 476using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>, but let the
486 488
487You can ensure that C<< -wait >> never blocks by setting a callback and 489You can ensure that C<< -wait >> never blocks by setting a callback and
488only calling C<< ->wait >> from within that callback (or at a later 490only calling C<< ->wait >> from within that callback (or at a later
489time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking 491time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking
490waits otherwise. 492waits otherwise.
493
494=item $bool = $cv->ready
495
496Returns true when the condition is "true", i.e. whether C<send> or
497C<croak> have been called.
498
499=item $cb = $cv->cb ([new callback])
500
501This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally
502replaces it before doing so.
503
504The callback will be called when the condition becomes "true", i.e. when
505C<send> or C<croak> are called. Calling C<wait> inside the callback
506or at any later time is guaranteed not to block.
491 507
492=back 508=back
493 509
494=head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS 510=head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS
495 511
544decide which event module to use as soon as the first method is called, so 560decide which event module to use as soon as the first method is called, so
545by calling AnyEvent in your module body you force the user of your module 561by calling AnyEvent in your module body you force the user of your module
546to load the event module first. 562to load the event module first.
547 563
548Never call C<< ->wait >> on a condition variable unless you I<know> that 564Never call C<< ->wait >> on a condition variable unless you I<know> that
549the C<< ->broadcast >> method has been called on it already. This is 565the C<< ->send >> method has been called on it already. This is
550because it will stall the whole program, and the whole point of using 566because it will stall the whole program, and the whole point of using
551events is to stay interactive. 567events is to stay interactive.
552 568
553It is fine, however, to call C<< ->wait >> when the user of your module 569It is fine, however, to call C<< ->wait >> when the user of your module
554requests it (i.e. if you create a http request object ad have a method 570requests it (i.e. if you create a http request object ad have a method
681 [Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy 697 [Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy
682 [Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program 698 [Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program
683 [POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza 699 [POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza
684); 700);
685 701
686our %method = map +($_ => 1), qw(io timer signal child condvar broadcast wait one_event DESTROY); 702our %method = map +($_ => 1), qw(io timer signal child condvar one_event DESTROY);
687 703
688sub detect() { 704sub detect() {
689 unless ($MODEL) { 705 unless ($MODEL) {
690 no strict 'refs'; 706 no strict 'refs';
691 707

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