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Revision 1.100 by elmex, Sun Apr 27 19:15:43 2008 UTC vs.
Revision 1.175 by root, Sun Jul 27 08:43:32 2008 UTC

1	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
2		2
3	AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops	3	AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops
4		4
5	EV, Event, Coro::EV, Coro::Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt, POE - various supported event loops	5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt, POE - various supported event loops
6		6
7	=head1 SYNOPSIS	7	=head1 SYNOPSIS
8		8
9	use AnyEvent;	9	use AnyEvent;
10		10
11	my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r|w", cb => sub {	11	my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r|w", cb => sub { ... });
		12
		13	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { ... });
		14	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, interval => $seconds, cb => ...
		15
		16	print AnyEvent->now; # prints current event loop time
		17	print AnyEvent->time; # think Time::HiRes::time or simply CORE::time.
		18
		19	my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "TERM", cb => sub { ... });
		20
		21	my $w = AnyEvent->child (pid => $pid, cb => sub {
		22	my ($pid, $status) = @_;
12	...	23	...
13	});	24	});
14		25
15	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub {
16	...
17	});
18
19	my $w = AnyEvent->condvar; # stores whether a condition was flagged	26	my $w = AnyEvent->condvar; # stores whether a condition was flagged
		27	$w->send; # wake up current and all future recv's
20	$w->wait; # enters "main loop" till $condvar gets ->broadcast	28	$w->recv; # enters "main loop" till $condvar gets ->send
21	$w->broadcast; # wake up current and all future wait's	29	# use a condvar in callback mode:
		30	$w->cb (sub { $_[0]->recv });
		31
		32	=head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL
		33
		34	This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested
		35	in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the
		36	L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage.
22		37
23	=head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT)	38	=head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT)
24		39
25	Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen	40	Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen
26	nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent?	41	nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent?
27		42
28	Executive Summary: AnyEvent is I<compatible>, AnyEvent is I<free of	43	Executive Summary: AnyEvent is I<compatible>, AnyEvent is I<free of
29	policy> and AnyEvent is I<small and efficient>.	44	policy> and AnyEvent is I<small and efficient>.
30		45
31	First and foremost, I<AnyEvent is not an event model> itself, it only	46	First and foremost, I<AnyEvent is not an event model> itself, it only
32	interfaces to whatever event model the main program happens to use in a	47	interfaces to whatever event model the main program happens to use, in a
33	pragmatic way. For event models and certain classes of immortals alike,	48	pragmatic way. For event models and certain classes of immortals alike,
34	the statement "there can only be one" is a bitter reality: In general,	49	the statement "there can only be one" is a bitter reality: In general,
35	only one event loop can be active at the same time in a process. AnyEvent	50	only one event loop can be active at the same time in a process. AnyEvent
36	helps hiding the differences between those event loops.	51	cannot change this, but it can hide the differences between those event
		52	loops.
37		53
38	The goal of AnyEvent is to offer module authors the ability to do event	54	The goal of AnyEvent is to offer module authors the ability to do event
39	programming (waiting for I/O or timer events) without subscribing to a	55	programming (waiting for I/O or timer events) without subscribing to a
40	religion, a way of living, and most importantly: without forcing your	56	religion, a way of living, and most importantly: without forcing your
41	module users into the same thing by forcing them to use the same event	57	module users into the same thing by forcing them to use the same event
42	model you use.	58	model you use.
43		59
44	For modules like POE or IO::Async (which is a total misnomer as it is	60	For modules like POE or IO::Async (which is a total misnomer as it is
45	actually doing all I/O I<synchronously>...), using them in your module is	61	actually doing all I/O I<synchronously>...), using them in your module is
46	like joining a cult: After you joined, you are dependent on them and you	62	like joining a cult: After you joined, you are dependent on them and you
47	cannot use anything else, as it is simply incompatible to everything that	63	cannot use anything else, as they are simply incompatible to everything
48	isn't itself. What's worse, all the potential users of your module are	64	that isn't them. What's worse, all the potential users of your
49	I<also> forced to use the same event loop you use.	65	module are I<also> forced to use the same event loop you use.
50		66
51	AnyEvent is different: AnyEvent + POE works fine. AnyEvent + Glib works	67	AnyEvent is different: AnyEvent + POE works fine. AnyEvent + Glib works
52	fine. AnyEvent + Tk works fine etc. etc. but none of these work together	68	fine. AnyEvent + Tk works fine etc. etc. but none of these work together
53	with the rest: POE + IO::Async? no go. Tk + Event? no go. Again: if	69	with the rest: POE + IO::Async? No go. Tk + Event? No go. Again: if
54	your module uses one of those, every user of your module has to use it,	70	your module uses one of those, every user of your module has to use it,
55	too. But if your module uses AnyEvent, it works transparently with all	71	too. But if your module uses AnyEvent, it works transparently with all
56	event models it supports (including stuff like POE and IO::Async, as long	72	event models it supports (including stuff like IO::Async, as long as those
57	as those use one of the supported event loops. It is trivial to add new	73	use one of the supported event loops. It is trivial to add new event loops
58	event loops to AnyEvent, too, so it is future-proof).	74	to AnyEvent, too, so it is future-proof).
59		75
60	In addition to being free of having to use I<the one and only true event	76	In addition to being free of having to use I<the one and only true event
61	model>, AnyEvent also is free of bloat and policy: with POE or similar	77	model>, AnyEvent also is free of bloat and policy: with POE or similar
62	modules, you get an enourmous amount of code and strict rules you have to	78	modules, you get an enormous amount of code and strict rules you have to
63	follow. AnyEvent, on the other hand, is lean and up to the point, by only	79	follow. AnyEvent, on the other hand, is lean and up to the point, by only
64	offering the functionality that is necessary, in as thin as a wrapper as	80	offering the functionality that is necessary, in as thin as a wrapper as
65	technically possible.	81	technically possible.
66		82
		83	Of course, AnyEvent comes with a big (and fully optional!) toolbox
		84	of useful functionality, such as an asynchronous DNS resolver, 100%
		85	non-blocking connects (even with TLS/SSL, IPv6 and on broken platforms
		86	such as Windows) and lots of real-world knowledge and workarounds for
		87	platform bugs and differences.
		88
67	Of course, if you want lots of policy (this can arguably be somewhat	89	Now, if you I<do want> lots of policy (this can arguably be somewhat
68	useful) and you want to force your users to use the one and only event	90	useful) and you want to force your users to use the one and only event
69	model, you should I<not> use this module.	91	model, you should I<not> use this module.
70
71	#TODO#
72
73	Net::IRC3
74	AnyEvent::HTTPD
75	AnyEvent::DNS
76	IO::AnyEvent
77	Net::FPing
78	Net::XMPP2
79	Coro
80
81	AnyEvent::IRC
82	AnyEvent::HTTPD
83	AnyEvent::DNS
84	AnyEvent::Handle
85	AnyEvent::Socket
86	AnyEvent::FPing
87	AnyEvent::XMPP
88	AnyEvent::SNMP
89	Coro
90		92
91	=head1 DESCRIPTION	93	=head1 DESCRIPTION
92		94
93	L<AnyEvent> provides an identical interface to multiple event loops. This	95	L<AnyEvent> provides an identical interface to multiple event loops. This
94	allows module authors to utilise an event loop without forcing module	96	allows module authors to utilise an event loop without forcing module
…		…
98	The interface itself is vaguely similar, but not identical to the L<Event>	100	The interface itself is vaguely similar, but not identical to the L<Event>
99	module.	101	module.
100		102
101	During the first call of any watcher-creation method, the module tries	103	During the first call of any watcher-creation method, the module tries
102	to detect the currently loaded event loop by probing whether one of the	104	to detect the currently loaded event loop by probing whether one of the
103	following modules is already loaded: L<Coro::EV>, L<Coro::Event>, L<EV>,	105	following modules is already loaded: L<EV>,
104	L<Event>, L<Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>,	106	L<Event>, L<Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>,
105	L<POE>. The first one found is used. If none are found, the module tries	107	L<POE>. The first one found is used. If none are found, the module tries
106	to load these modules (excluding Tk, Event::Lib, Qt and POE as the pure perl	108	to load these modules (excluding Tk, Event::Lib, Qt and POE as the pure perl
107	adaptor should always succeed) in the order given. The first one that can	109	adaptor should always succeed) in the order given. The first one that can
108	be successfully loaded will be used. If, after this, still none could be	110	be successfully loaded will be used. If, after this, still none could be
…		…
122	starts using it, all bets are off. Maybe you should tell their authors to	124	starts using it, all bets are off. Maybe you should tell their authors to
123	use AnyEvent so their modules work together with others seamlessly...	125	use AnyEvent so their modules work together with others seamlessly...
124		126
125	The pure-perl implementation of AnyEvent is called	127	The pure-perl implementation of AnyEvent is called
126	C<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>. Like other event modules you can load it	128	C<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>. Like other event modules you can load it
127	explicitly.	129	explicitly and enjoy the high availability of that event loop :)
128		130
129	=head1 WATCHERS	131	=head1 WATCHERS
130		132
131	AnyEvent has the central concept of a I<watcher>, which is an object that	133	AnyEvent has the central concept of a I<watcher>, which is an object that
132	stores relevant data for each kind of event you are waiting for, such as	134	stores relevant data for each kind of event you are waiting for, such as
133	the callback to call, the filehandle to watch, etc.	135	the callback to call, the file handle to watch, etc.
134		136
135	These watchers are normal Perl objects with normal Perl lifetime. After	137	These watchers are normal Perl objects with normal Perl lifetime. After
136	creating a watcher it will immediately "watch" for events and invoke the	138	creating a watcher it will immediately "watch" for events and invoke the
137	callback when the event occurs (of course, only when the event model	139	callback when the event occurs (of course, only when the event model
138	is in control).	140	is in control).
…		…
146	Many watchers either are used with "recursion" (repeating timers for	148	Many watchers either are used with "recursion" (repeating timers for
147	example), or need to refer to their watcher object in other ways.	149	example), or need to refer to their watcher object in other ways.
148		150
149	An any way to achieve that is this pattern:	151	An any way to achieve that is this pattern:
150		152
151	my $w; $w = AnyEvent->type (arg => value ..., cb => sub {	153	my $w; $w = AnyEvent->type (arg => value ..., cb => sub {
152	# you can use $w here, for example to undef it	154	# you can use $w here, for example to undef it
153	undef $w;	155	undef $w;
154	});	156	});
155		157
156	Note that C<my $w; $w => combination. This is necessary because in Perl,	158	Note that C<my $w; $w => combination. This is necessary because in Perl,
157	my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are	159	my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are
158	declared.	160	declared.
159		161
160	=head2 I/O WATCHERS	162	=head2 I/O WATCHERS
161		163
162	You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method	164	You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method
163	with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:	165	with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:
164		166
165	C<fh> the Perl I<file handle> (I<not> file descriptor) to watch	167	C<fh> the Perl I<file handle> (I<not> file descriptor) to watch for events
166	for events. C<poll> must be a string that is either C<r> or C<w>,	168	(AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file handle). C<poll>
167	which creates a watcher waiting for "r"eadable or "w"ritable events,	169	must be a string that is either C<r> or C<w>, which creates a watcher
168	respectively. C<cb> is the callback to invoke each time the file handle	170	waiting for "r"eadable or "w"ritable events, respectively. C<cb> is the
169	becomes ready.	171	callback to invoke each time the file handle becomes ready.
170		172
171	Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and	173	Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and
172	presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent	174	presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent
173	callbacks cannot use arguments passed to I/O watcher callbacks.	175	callbacks cannot use arguments passed to I/O watcher callbacks.
174		176
…		…
178		180
179	Some event loops issue spurious readyness notifications, so you should	181	Some event loops issue spurious readyness notifications, so you should
180	always use non-blocking calls when reading/writing from/to your file	182	always use non-blocking calls when reading/writing from/to your file
181	handles.	183	handles.
182		184
183	Example:
184
185	# wait for readability of STDIN, then read a line and disable the watcher	185	Example: wait for readability of STDIN, then read a line and disable the
		186	watcher.
		187
186	my $w; $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => \*STDIN, poll => 'r', cb => sub {	188	my $w; $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => \*STDIN, poll => 'r', cb => sub {
187	chomp (my $input = <STDIN>);	189	chomp (my $input = <STDIN>);
188	warn "read: $input\n";	190	warn "read: $input\n";
189	undef $w;	191	undef $w;
190	});	192	});
…		…
200		202
201	Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and	203	Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and
202	presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent	204	presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent
203	callbacks cannot use arguments passed to time watcher callbacks.	205	callbacks cannot use arguments passed to time watcher callbacks.
204		206
205	The timer callback will be invoked at most once: if you want a repeating	207	The callback will normally be invoked once only. If you specify another
206	timer you have to create a new watcher (this is a limitation by both Tk	208	parameter, C<interval>, as a strictly positive number (> 0), then the
207	and Glib).	209	callback will be invoked regularly at that interval (in fractional
		210	seconds) after the first invocation. If C<interval> is specified with a
		211	false value, then it is treated as if it were missing.
208		212
209	Example:	213	The callback will be rescheduled before invoking the callback, but no
		214	attempt is done to avoid timer drift in most backends, so the interval is
		215	only approximate.
210		216
211	# fire an event after 7.7 seconds	217	Example: fire an event after 7.7 seconds.
		218
212	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 7.7, cb => sub {	219	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 7.7, cb => sub {
213	warn "timeout\n";	220	warn "timeout\n";
214	});	221	});
215		222
216	# to cancel the timer:	223	# to cancel the timer:
217	undef $w;	224	undef $w;
218		225
219	Example 2:
220
221	# fire an event after 0.5 seconds, then roughly every second	226	Example 2: fire an event after 0.5 seconds, then roughly every second.
222	my $w;
223		227
224	my $cb = sub {
225	# cancel the old timer while creating a new one
226	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 1, cb => $cb);	228	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 0.5, interval => 1, cb => sub {
		229	warn "timeout\n";
227	};	230	};
228
229	# start the "loop" by creating the first watcher
230	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 0.5, cb => $cb);
231		231
232	=head3 TIMING ISSUES	232	=head3 TIMING ISSUES
233		233
234	There are two ways to handle timers: based on real time (relative, "fire	234	There are two ways to handle timers: based on real time (relative, "fire
235	in 10 seconds") and based on wallclock time (absolute, "fire at 12	235	in 10 seconds") and based on wallclock time (absolute, "fire at 12
…		…
247	timers.	247	timers.
248		248
249	AnyEvent always prefers relative timers, if available, matching the	249	AnyEvent always prefers relative timers, if available, matching the
250	AnyEvent API.	250	AnyEvent API.
251		251
		252	AnyEvent has two additional methods that return the "current time":
		253
		254	=over 4
		255
		256	=item AnyEvent->time
		257
		258	This returns the "current wallclock time" as a fractional number of
		259	seconds since the Epoch (the same thing as C<time> or C<Time::HiRes::time>
		260	return, and the result is guaranteed to be compatible with those).
		261
		262	It progresses independently of any event loop processing, i.e. each call
		263	will check the system clock, which usually gets updated frequently.
		264
		265	=item AnyEvent->now
		266
		267	This also returns the "current wallclock time", but unlike C<time>, above,
		268	this value might change only once per event loop iteration, depending on
		269	the event loop (most return the same time as C<time>, above). This is the
		270	time that AnyEvent's timers get scheduled against.
		271
		272	I<In almost all cases (in all cases if you don't care), this is the
		273	function to call when you want to know the current time.>
		274
		275	This function is also often faster then C<< AnyEvent->time >>, and
		276	thus the preferred method if you want some timestamp (for example,
		277	L<AnyEvent::Handle> uses this to update it's activity timeouts).
		278
		279	The rest of this section is only of relevance if you try to be very exact
		280	with your timing, you can skip it without bad conscience.
		281
		282	For a practical example of when these times differ, consider L<Event::Lib>
		283	and L<EV> and the following set-up:
		284
		285	The event loop is running and has just invoked one of your callback at
		286	time=500 (assume no other callbacks delay processing). In your callback,
		287	you wait a second by executing C<sleep 1> (blocking the process for a
		288	second) and then (at time=501) you create a relative timer that fires
		289	after three seconds.
		290
		291	With L<Event::Lib>, C<< AnyEvent->time >> and C<< AnyEvent->now >> will
		292	both return C<501>, because that is the current time, and the timer will
		293	be scheduled to fire at time=504 (C<501> + C<3>).
		294
		295	With L<EV>, C<< AnyEvent->time >> returns C<501> (as that is the current
		296	time), but C<< AnyEvent->now >> returns C<500>, as that is the time the
		297	last event processing phase started. With L<EV>, your timer gets scheduled
		298	to run at time=503 (C<500> + C<3>).
		299
		300	In one sense, L<Event::Lib> is more exact, as it uses the current time
		301	regardless of any delays introduced by event processing. However, most
		302	callbacks do not expect large delays in processing, so this causes a
		303	higher drift (and a lot more system calls to get the current time).
		304
		305	In another sense, L<EV> is more exact, as your timer will be scheduled at
		306	the same time, regardless of how long event processing actually took.
		307
		308	In either case, if you care (and in most cases, you don't), then you
		309	can get whatever behaviour you want with any event loop, by taking the
		310	difference between C<< AnyEvent->time >> and C<< AnyEvent->now >> into
		311	account.
		312
		313	=back
		314
252	=head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS	315	=head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS
253		316
254	You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal	317	You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal
255	I<name> without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl callback to	318	I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl
256	be invoked whenever a signal occurs.	319	callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs.
257		320
258	Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and	321	Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and
259	presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent	322	presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent
260	callbacks cannot use arguments passed to signal watcher callbacks.	323	callbacks cannot use arguments passed to signal watcher callbacks.
261		324
262	Multiple signal occurances can be clumped together into one callback	325	Multiple signal occurrences can be clumped together into one callback
263	invocation, and callback invocation will be synchronous. synchronous means	326	invocation, and callback invocation will be synchronous. Synchronous means
264	that it might take a while until the signal gets handled by the process,	327	that it might take a while until the signal gets handled by the process,
265	but it is guarenteed not to interrupt any other callbacks.	328	but it is guaranteed not to interrupt any other callbacks.
266		329
267	The main advantage of using these watchers is that you can share a signal	330	The main advantage of using these watchers is that you can share a signal
268	between multiple watchers.	331	between multiple watchers.
269		332
270	This watcher might use C<%SIG>, so programs overwriting those signals	333	This watcher might use C<%SIG>, so programs overwriting those signals
…		…
297	AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one watcher before you	360	AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one watcher before you
298	C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call C<AnyEvent::detect>).	361	C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call C<AnyEvent::detect>).
299		362
300	Example: fork a process and wait for it	363	Example: fork a process and wait for it
301		364
302	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;	365	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;
303		366
304	AnyEvent::detect; # force event module to be initialised
305
306	my $pid = fork or exit 5;	367	my $pid = fork or exit 5;
307		368
308	my $w = AnyEvent->child (	369	my $w = AnyEvent->child (
309	pid => $pid,	370	pid => $pid,
310	cb => sub {	371	cb => sub {
311	my ($pid, $status) = @_;	372	my ($pid, $status) = @_;
312	warn "pid $pid exited with status $status";	373	warn "pid $pid exited with status $status";
313	$done->broadcast;	374	$done->send;
314	},	375	},
315	);	376	);
316		377
317	# do something else, then wait for process exit	378	# do something else, then wait for process exit
318	$done->wait;	379	$done->recv;
319		380
320	=head2 CONDITION VARIABLES	381	=head2 CONDITION VARIABLES
321		382
		383	If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them
		384	require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that
		385	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.
		386
		387	AnyEvent is different, it expects somebody else to run the event loop and
		388	will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user).
		389
		390	The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called
		391	because they represent a condition that must become true.
		392
322	Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar >>	393	Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar
323	method without any arguments.	394	>> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is
324		395
325	A condition variable waits for a condition - precisely that the C<<	396	C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable
326	->broadcast >> method has been called.	397	becomes true, with the condition variable as the first argument (but not
		398	the results).
327		399
328	They are very useful to signal that a condition has been fulfilled, for	400	After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true"
		401	by calling the C<send> method (or calling the condition variable as if it
		402	were a callback, read about the caveats in the description for the C<<
		403	->send >> method).
		404
		405	Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can
		406	optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points
		407	in time where multiple outstanding events have been processed. And yet
		408	another way to call them is transactions - each condition variable can be
		409	used to represent a transaction, which finishes at some point and delivers
		410	a result.
		411
		412	Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished,
329	example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests,	413	for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests,
330	then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the	414	then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the
331	availability of results.	415	availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is
		416	called or can synchronously C<< ->recv >> for the results.
332		417
333	You can also use condition variables to block your main program until	418	You can also use them to simulate traditional event loops - for example,
334	an event occurs - for example, you could C<< ->wait >> in your main	419	you can block your main program until an event occurs - for example, you
335	program until the user clicks the Quit button in your app, which would C<<	420	could C<< ->recv >> in your main program until the user clicks the Quit
336	->broadcast >> the "quit" event.	421	button of your app, which would C<< ->send >> the "quit" event.
337		422
338	Note that condition variables recurse into the event loop - if you have	423	Note that condition variables recurse into the event loop - if you have
339	two pirces of code that call C<< ->wait >> in a round-robbin fashion, you	424	two pieces of code that call C<< ->recv >> in a round-robin fashion, you
340	lose. Therefore, condition variables are good to export to your caller, but	425	lose. Therefore, condition variables are good to export to your caller, but
341	you should avoid making a blocking wait yourself, at least in callbacks,	426	you should avoid making a blocking wait yourself, at least in callbacks,
342	as this asks for trouble.	427	as this asks for trouble.
343		428
344	This object has two methods:	429	Condition variables are represented by hash refs in perl, and the keys
		430	used by AnyEvent itself are all named C<_ae_XXX> to make subclassing
		431	easy (it is often useful to build your own transaction class on top of
		432	AnyEvent). To subclass, use C<AnyEvent::CondVar> as base class and call
		433	it's C<new> method in your own C<new> method.
		434
		435	There are two "sides" to a condition variable - the "producer side" which
		436	eventually calls C<< -> send >>, and the "consumer side", which waits
		437	for the send to occur.
		438
		439	Example: wait for a timer.
		440
		441	# wait till the result is ready
		442	my $result_ready = AnyEvent->condvar;
		443
		444	# do something such as adding a timer
		445	# or socket watcher the calls $result_ready->send
		446	# when the "result" is ready.
		447	# in this case, we simply use a timer:
		448	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (
		449	after => 1,
		450	cb => sub { $result_ready->send },
		451	);
		452
		453	# this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback
		454	# calls send
		455	$result_ready->recv;
		456
		457	Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that
		458	condition variables are also code references.
		459
		460	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;
		461	my $delay = AnyEvent->timer (after => 5, cb => $done);
		462	$done->recv;
		463
		464	Example: Imagine an API that returns a condvar and doesn't support
		465	callbacks. This is how you make a synchronous call, for example from
		466	the main program:
		467
		468	use AnyEvent::CouchDB;
		469
		470	...
		471
		472	my @info = $couchdb->info->recv;
		473
		474	And this is how you would just ste a callback to be called whenever the
		475	results are available:
		476
		477	$couchdb->info->cb (sub {
		478	my @info = $_[0]->recv;
		479	});
		480
		481	=head3 METHODS FOR PRODUCERS
		482
		483	These methods should only be used by the producing side, i.e. the
		484	code/module that eventually sends the signal. Note that it is also
		485	the producer side which creates the condvar in most cases, but it isn't
		486	uncommon for the consumer to create it as well.
345		487
346	=over 4	488	=over 4
347		489
		490	=item $cv->send (...)
		491
		492	Flag the condition as ready - a running C<< ->recv >> and all further
		493	calls to C<recv> will (eventually) return after this method has been
		494	called. If nobody is waiting the send will be remembered.
		495
		496	If a callback has been set on the condition variable, it is called
		497	immediately from within send.
		498
		499	Any arguments passed to the C<send> call will be returned by all
		500	future C<< ->recv >> calls.
		501
		502	Condition variables are overloaded so one can call them directly
		503	(as a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling
		504	C<send>. Note, however, that many C-based event loops do not handle
		505	overloading, so as tempting as it may be, passing a condition variable
		506	instead of a callback does not work. Both the pure perl and EV loops
		507	support overloading, however, as well as all functions that use perl to
		508	invoke a callback (as in L<AnyEvent::Socket> and L<AnyEvent::DNS> for
		509	example).
		510
		511	=item $cv->croak ($error)
		512
		513	Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke
		514	C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar.
		515
		516	This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable
		517	user/consumer.
		518
		519	=item $cv->begin ([group callback])
		520
348	=item $cv->wait	521	=item $cv->end
349		522
350	Wait (blocking if necessary) until the C<< ->broadcast >> method has been	523	These two methods are EXPERIMENTAL and MIGHT CHANGE.
		524
		525	These two methods can be used to combine many transactions/events into
		526	one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want
		527	to use a condition variable for the whole process.
		528
		529	Every call to C<< ->begin >> will increment a counter, and every call to
		530	C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end
		531	>>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback
		532	is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no
		533	callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments.
		534
		535	Let's clarify this with the ping example:
		536
		537	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
		538
		539	my %result;
		540	$cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) });
		541
		542	for my $host (@list_of_hosts) {
		543	$cv->begin;
		544	ping_host_then_call_callback $host, sub {
		545	$result{$host} = ...;
		546	$cv->end;
		547	};
		548	}
		549
		550	$cv->end;
		551
		552	This code fragment supposedly pings a number of hosts and calls
		553	C<send> after results for all then have have been gathered - in any
		554	order. To achieve this, the code issues a call to C<begin> when it starts
		555	each ping request and calls C<end> when it has received some result for
		556	it. Since C<begin> and C<end> only maintain a counter, the order in which
		557	results arrive is not relevant.
		558
		559	There is an additional bracketing call to C<begin> and C<end> outside the
		560	loop, which serves two important purposes: first, it sets the callback
		561	to be called once the counter reaches C<0>, and second, it ensures that
		562	C<send> is called even when C<no> hosts are being pinged (the loop
		563	doesn't execute once).
		564
		565	This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple subrequests:
		566	use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set the callback and ensure C<end>
		567	is called at least once, and then, for each subrequest you start, call
		568	C<begin> and for each subrequest you finish, call C<end>.
		569
		570	=back
		571
		572	=head3 METHODS FOR CONSUMERS
		573
		574	These methods should only be used by the consuming side, i.e. the
		575	code awaits the condition.
		576
		577	=over 4
		578
		579	=item $cv->recv
		580
		581	Wait (blocking if necessary) until the C<< ->send >> or C<< ->croak
351	called on c<$cv>, while servicing other watchers normally.	582	>> methods have been called on c<$cv>, while servicing other watchers
		583	normally.
352		584
353	You can only wait once on a condition - additional calls will return	585	You can only wait once on a condition - additional calls are valid but
354	immediately.	586	will return immediately.
		587
		588	If an error condition has been set by calling C<< ->croak >>, then this
		589	function will call C<croak>.
		590
		591	In list context, all parameters passed to C<send> will be returned,
		592	in scalar context only the first one will be returned.
355		593
356	Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case	594	Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case
357	(programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are	595	(programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are
358	using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>, but let the	596	using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>, but let the
359	caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling	597	caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling
360	condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting	598	condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting
361	callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block,	599	callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block,
362	while still suppporting blocking waits if the caller so desires).	600	while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires).
363		601
364	Another reason I<never> to C<< ->wait >> in a module is that you cannot	602	Another reason I<never> to C<< ->recv >> in a module is that you cannot
365	sensibly have two C<< ->wait >>'s in parallel, as that would require	603	sensibly have two C<< ->recv >>'s in parallel, as that would require
366	multiple interpreters or coroutines/threads, none of which C<AnyEvent>	604	multiple interpreters or coroutines/threads, none of which C<AnyEvent>
367	can supply (the coroutine-aware backends L<AnyEvent::Impl::CoroEV> and	605	can supply.
368	L<AnyEvent::Impl::CoroEvent> explicitly support concurrent C<< ->wait >>'s
369	from different coroutines, however).
370		606
371	=item $cv->broadcast	607	The L<Coro> module, however, I<can> and I<does> supply coroutines and, in
		608	fact, L<Coro::AnyEvent> replaces AnyEvent's condvars by coroutine-safe
		609	versions and also integrates coroutines into AnyEvent, making blocking
		610	C<< ->recv >> calls perfectly safe as long as they are done from another
		611	coroutine (one that doesn't run the event loop).
372		612
373	Flag the condition as ready - a running C<< ->wait >> and all further	613	You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and
374	calls to C<wait> will (eventually) return after this method has been	614	only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later
375	called. If nobody is waiting the broadcast will be remembered..	615	time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking
		616	waits otherwise.
		617
		618	=item $bool = $cv->ready
		619
		620	Returns true when the condition is "true", i.e. whether C<send> or
		621	C<croak> have been called.
		622
		623	=item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv))
		624
		625	This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally
		626	replaces it before doing so.
		627
		628	The callback will be called when the condition becomes "true", i.e. when
		629	C<send> or C<croak> are called, with the only argument being the condition
		630	variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time
		631	is guaranteed not to block.
376		632
377	=back	633	=back
378
379	Example:
380
381	# wait till the result is ready
382	my $result_ready = AnyEvent->condvar;
383
384	# do something such as adding a timer
385	# or socket watcher the calls $result_ready->broadcast
386	# when the "result" is ready.
387	# in this case, we simply use a timer:
388	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (
389	after => 1,
390	cb => sub { $result_ready->broadcast },
391	);
392
393	# this "blocks" (while handling events) till the watcher
394	# calls broadcast
395	$result_ready->wait;
396		634
397	=head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS	635	=head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS
398		636
399	=over 4	637	=over 4
400		638
…		…
406	C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the case	644	C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the case
407	AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode>).	645	AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode>).
408		646
409	The known classes so far are:	647	The known classes so far are:
410		648
411	AnyEvent::Impl::CoroEV based on Coro::EV, best choice.
412	AnyEvent::Impl::CoroEvent based on Coro::Event, second best choice.
413	AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (an interface to libev, best choice).	649	AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (an interface to libev, best choice).
414	AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, second best choice.	650	AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, second best choice.
		651	AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable.
415	AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, third-best choice.	652	AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, third-best choice.
416	AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, inefficient but portable.
417	AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very bad choice.	653	AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very bad choice.
418	AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt, cannot be autoprobed (see its docs).	654	AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt, cannot be autoprobed (see its docs).
419	AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.	655	AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.
420	AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, not generic enough for full support.	656	AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, not generic enough for full support.
421		657
…		…
434	Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model	670	Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model
435	if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would	671	if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would
436	have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at	672	have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at
437	runtime.	673	runtime.
438		674
		675	=item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }
		676
		677	Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is
		678	autodetected (or immediately if this has already happened).
		679
		680	If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object
		681	that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed. See
		682	L<Coro::BDB> for a case where this is useful.
		683
		684	=item @AnyEvent::post_detect
		685
		686	If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it
		687	before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after
		688	the event loop has been chosen.
		689
		690	You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though:
		691	if it contains a true value then the event loop has already been detected,
		692	and the array will be ignored.
		693
		694	Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> instead.
		695
439	=back	696	=back
440		697
441	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE	698	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE
442		699
443	As a module author, you should C<use AnyEvent> and call AnyEvent methods	700	As a module author, you should C<use AnyEvent> and call AnyEvent methods
…		…
446	Be careful when you create watchers in the module body - AnyEvent will	703	Be careful when you create watchers in the module body - AnyEvent will
447	decide which event module to use as soon as the first method is called, so	704	decide which event module to use as soon as the first method is called, so
448	by calling AnyEvent in your module body you force the user of your module	705	by calling AnyEvent in your module body you force the user of your module
449	to load the event module first.	706	to load the event module first.
450		707
451	Never call C<< ->wait >> on a condition variable unless you I<know> that	708	Never call C<< ->recv >> on a condition variable unless you I<know> that
452	the C<< ->broadcast >> method has been called on it already. This is	709	the C<< ->send >> method has been called on it already. This is
453	because it will stall the whole program, and the whole point of using	710	because it will stall the whole program, and the whole point of using
454	events is to stay interactive.	711	events is to stay interactive.
455		712
456	It is fine, however, to call C<< ->wait >> when the user of your module	713	It is fine, however, to call C<< ->recv >> when the user of your module
457	requests it (i.e. if you create a http request object ad have a method	714	requests it (i.e. if you create a http request object ad have a method
458	called C<results> that returns the results, it should call C<< ->wait >>	715	called C<results> that returns the results, it should call C<< ->recv >>
459	freely, as the user of your module knows what she is doing. always).	716	freely, as the user of your module knows what she is doing. always).
460		717
461	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN THE MAIN PROGRAM	718	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN THE MAIN PROGRAM
462		719
463	There will always be a single main program - the only place that should	720	There will always be a single main program - the only place that should
…		…
465		722
466	If it doesn't care, it can just "use AnyEvent" and use it itself, or not	723	If it doesn't care, it can just "use AnyEvent" and use it itself, or not
467	do anything special (it does not need to be event-based) and let AnyEvent	724	do anything special (it does not need to be event-based) and let AnyEvent
468	decide which implementation to chose if some module relies on it.	725	decide which implementation to chose if some module relies on it.
469		726
470	If the main program relies on a specific event model. For example, in	727	If the main program relies on a specific event model - for example, in
471	Gtk2 programs you have to rely on the Glib module. You should load the	728	Gtk2 programs you have to rely on the Glib module - you should load the
472	event module before loading AnyEvent or any module that uses it: generally	729	event module before loading AnyEvent or any module that uses it: generally
473	speaking, you should load it as early as possible. The reason is that	730	speaking, you should load it as early as possible. The reason is that
474	modules might create watchers when they are loaded, and AnyEvent will	731	modules might create watchers when they are loaded, and AnyEvent will
475	decide on the event model to use as soon as it creates watchers, and it	732	decide on the event model to use as soon as it creates watchers, and it
476	might chose the wrong one unless you load the correct one yourself.	733	might chose the wrong one unless you load the correct one yourself.
477		734
478	You can chose to use a rather inefficient pure-perl implementation by	735	You can chose to use a pure-perl implementation by loading the
479	loading the C<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl> module, which gives you similar	736	C<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl> module, which gives you similar behaviour
480	behaviour everywhere, but letting AnyEvent chose is generally better.	737	everywhere, but letting AnyEvent chose the model is generally better.
		738
		739	=head2 MAINLOOP EMULATION
		740
		741	Sometimes (often for short test scripts, or even standalone programs who
		742	only want to use AnyEvent), you do not want to run a specific event loop.
		743
		744	In that case, you can use a condition variable like this:
		745
		746	AnyEvent->condvar->recv;
		747
		748	This has the effect of entering the event loop and looping forever.
		749
		750	Note that usually your program has some exit condition, in which case
		751	it is better to use the "traditional" approach of storing a condition
		752	variable somewhere, waiting for it, and sending it when the program should
		753	exit cleanly.
		754
481		755
482	=head1 OTHER MODULES	756	=head1 OTHER MODULES
483		757
484	L<AnyEvent> itself comes with useful utility modules:	758	The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use
485		759	AnyEvent and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent modules
486	To make it easier to do non-blocking IO the modules L<AnyEvent::Handle>	760	in the same program. Some of the modules come with AnyEvent, some are
487	and L<AnyEvent::Socket> are provided. L<AnyEvent::Handle> provides	761	available via CPAN.
488	read and write buffers and manages watchers for reads and writes.
489	L<AnyEvent::Socket> provides means to do non-blocking connects.
490
491	Aside from those there are these modules that support AnyEvent (and use it
492	for non-blocking IO):
493		762
494	=over 4	763	=over 4
495		764
		765	=item L<AnyEvent::Util>
		766
		767	Contains various utility functions that replace often-used but blocking
		768	functions such as C<inet_aton> by event-/callback-based versions.
		769
		770	=item L<AnyEvent::Socket>
		771
		772	Provides various utility functions for (internet protocol) sockets,
		773	addresses and name resolution. Also functions to create non-blocking tcp
		774	connections or tcp servers, with IPv6 and SRV record support and more.
		775
		776	=item L<AnyEvent::Handle>
		777
		778	Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes,
		779	supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and
		780	non-blocking SSL/TLS.
		781
		782	=item L<AnyEvent::DNS>
		783
		784	Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities.
		785
		786	=item L<AnyEvent::HTTP>
		787
		788	A simple-to-use HTTP library that is capable of making a lot of concurrent
		789	HTTP requests.
		790
		791	=item L<AnyEvent::HTTPD>
		792
		793	Provides a simple web application server framework.
		794
496	=item L<AnyEvent::FastPing>	795	=item L<AnyEvent::FastPing>
497		796
		797	The fastest ping in the west.
		798
		799	=item L<AnyEvent::DBI>
		800
		801	Executes L<DBI> requests asynchronously in a proxy process.
		802
		803	=item L<AnyEvent::AIO>
		804
		805	Truly asynchronous I/O, should be in the toolbox of every event
		806	programmer. AnyEvent::AIO transparently fuses L<IO::AIO> and AnyEvent
		807	together.
		808
		809	=item L<AnyEvent::BDB>
		810
		811	Truly asynchronous Berkeley DB access. AnyEvent::BDB transparently fuses
		812	L<BDB> and AnyEvent together.
		813
		814	=item L<AnyEvent::GPSD>
		815
		816	A non-blocking interface to gpsd, a daemon delivering GPS information.
		817
		818	=item L<AnyEvent::IGS>
		819
		820	A non-blocking interface to the Internet Go Server protocol (used by
		821	L<App::IGS>).
		822
498	=item L<Net::IRC3>	823	=item L<Net::IRC3>
499		824
		825	AnyEvent based IRC client module family.
		826
500	=item L<Net::XMPP2>	827	=item L<Net::XMPP2>
		828
		829	AnyEvent based XMPP (Jabber protocol) module family.
		830
		831	=item L<Net::FCP>
		832
		833	AnyEvent-based implementation of the Freenet Client Protocol, birthplace
		834	of AnyEvent.
		835
		836	=item L<Event::ExecFlow>
		837
		838	High level API for event-based execution flow control.
		839
		840	=item L<Coro>
		841
		842	Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>.
		843
		844	=item L<IO::Lambda>
		845
		846	The lambda approach to I/O - don't ask, look there. Can use AnyEvent.
501		847
502	=back	848	=back
503		849
504	=cut	850	=cut
505		851
…		…
508	no warnings;	854	no warnings;
509	use strict;	855	use strict;
510		856
511	use Carp;	857	use Carp;
512		858
513	our $VERSION = '3.3';	859	our $VERSION = 4.23;
514	our $MODEL;	860	our $MODEL;
515		861
516	our $AUTOLOAD;	862	our $AUTOLOAD;
517	our @ISA;	863	our @ISA;
518		864
		865	our @REGISTRY;
		866
		867	our $WIN32;
		868
		869	BEGIN {
		870	my $win32 = ! ! ($^O =~ /mswin32/i);
		871	eval "sub WIN32(){ $win32 }";
		872	}
		873
519	our $verbose = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1;	874	our $verbose = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1;
520		875
521	our @REGISTRY;	876	our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4|ipv6) => (1|2), higher numbers are preferred
		877
		878	{
		879	my $idx;
		880	$PROTOCOL{$_} = ++$idx
		881	for reverse split /\s*,\s*/,
		882	$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} || "ipv4,ipv6";
		883	}
522		884
523	my @models = (	885	my @models = (
524	[Coro::EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::CoroEV::],
525	[Coro::Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::CoroEvent::],
526	[EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV::],	886	[EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV::],
527	[Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::],	887	[Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::],
528	[Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::],
529	[Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::],
530	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
531	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
532	[AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::],	888	[AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::],
533	# everything below here will not be autoprobed as the pureperl backend should work everywhere	889	# everything below here will not be autoprobed
		890	# as the pureperl backend should work everywhere
		891	# and is usually faster
		892	[Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles
		893	[Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers
534	[Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy	894	[Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy
535	[Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program	895	[Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program
536	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza	896	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza
		897	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
		898	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
537	);	899	);
538		900
539	our %method = map +($_ => 1), qw(io timer signal child condvar broadcast wait one_event DESTROY);	901	our %method = map +($_ => 1), qw(io timer time now signal child condvar one_event DESTROY);
		902
		903	our @post_detect;
		904
		905	sub post_detect(&) {
		906	my ($cb) = @_;
		907
		908	if ($MODEL) {
		909	$cb->();
		910
		911	1
		912	} else {
		913	push @post_detect, $cb;
		914
		915	defined wantarray
		916	? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::PostDetect"
		917	: ()
		918	}
		919	}
		920
		921	sub AnyEvent::Util::PostDetect::DESTROY {
		922	@post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect;
		923	}
540		924
541	sub detect() {	925	sub detect() {
542	unless ($MODEL) {	926	unless ($MODEL) {
543	no strict 'refs';	927	no strict 'refs';
		928	local $SIG{__DIE__};
544		929
545	if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) {	930	if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) {
546	my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1";	931	my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1";
547	if (eval "require $model") {	932	if (eval "require $model") {
548	$MODEL = $model;	933	$MODEL = $model;
…		…
578	last;	963	last;
579	}	964	}
580	}	965	}
581		966
582	$MODEL	967	$MODEL
583	or die "No event module selected for AnyEvent and autodetect failed. Install any one of these modules: EV (or Coro+EV), Event (or Coro+Event) or Glib.";	968	or die "No event module selected for AnyEvent and autodetect failed. Install any one of these modules: EV, Event or Glib.";
584	}	969	}
585	}	970	}
586		971
		972	push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base";
		973
587	unshift @ISA, $MODEL;	974	unshift @ISA, $MODEL;
588	push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base";	975
		976	require AnyEvent::Strict if $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT};
		977
		978	(shift @post_detect)->() while @post_detect;
589	}	979	}
590		980
591	$MODEL	981	$MODEL
592	}	982	}
593		983
…		…
601		991
602	my $class = shift;	992	my $class = shift;
603	$class->$func (@_);	993	$class->$func (@_);
604	}	994	}
605		995
		996	# utility function to dup a filehandle. this is used by many backends
		997	# to support binding more than one watcher per filehandle (they usually
		998	# allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one).
		999	sub _dupfh($$$$) {
		1000	my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_;
		1001
		1002	require Fcntl;
		1003
		1004	# cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't
		1005	my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<")
		1006	: $poll eq "w" ? ($w, ">")
		1007	: Carp::croak "AnyEvent->io requires poll set to either 'r' or 'w'";
		1008
		1009	open my $fh2, "$mode&" . fileno $fh
		1010	or die "cannot dup() filehandle: $!";
		1011
		1012	# we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases
		1013
		1014	($fh2, $rw)
		1015	}
		1016
606	package AnyEvent::Base;	1017	package AnyEvent::Base;
607		1018
		1019	# default implementation for now and time
		1020
		1021	use Time::HiRes ();
		1022
		1023	sub time { Time::HiRes::time }
		1024	sub now { Time::HiRes::time }
		1025
608	# default implementation for ->condvar, ->wait, ->broadcast	1026	# default implementation for ->condvar
609		1027
610	sub condvar {	1028	sub condvar {
611	bless \my $flag, "AnyEvent::Base::CondVar"	1029	bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, AnyEvent::CondVar::
612	}
613
614	sub AnyEvent::Base::CondVar::broadcast {
615	${$_[0]}++;
616	}
617
618	sub AnyEvent::Base::CondVar::wait {
619	AnyEvent->one_event while !${$_[0]};
620	}	1030	}
621		1031
622	# default implementation for ->signal	1032	# default implementation for ->signal
623		1033
624	our %SIG_CB;	1034	our %SIG_CB;
…		…
640	sub AnyEvent::Base::Signal::DESTROY {	1050	sub AnyEvent::Base::Signal::DESTROY {
641	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};	1051	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
642		1052
643	delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};	1053	delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};
644		1054
645	$SIG{$signal} = 'DEFAULT' unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };	1055	delete $SIG{$signal} unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };
646	}	1056	}
647		1057
648	# default implementation for ->child	1058	# default implementation for ->child
649		1059
650	our %PID_CB;	1060	our %PID_CB;
…		…
677	or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing";	1087	or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing";
678		1088
679	$PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};	1089	$PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
680		1090
681	unless ($WNOHANG) {	1091	unless ($WNOHANG) {
682	$WNOHANG = eval { require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } || 1;	1092	$WNOHANG = eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } || 1;
683	}	1093	}
684		1094
685	unless ($CHLD_W) {	1095	unless ($CHLD_W) {
686	$CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld);	1096	$CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld);
687	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round	1097	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round
…		…
697	delete $PID_CB{$pid}{$cb};	1107	delete $PID_CB{$pid}{$cb};
698	delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} };	1108	delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} };
699		1109
700	undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB;	1110	undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB;
701	}	1111	}
		1112
		1113	package AnyEvent::CondVar;
		1114
		1115	our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::;
		1116
		1117	package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base;
		1118
		1119	use overload
		1120	'&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } },
		1121	fallback => 1;
		1122
		1123	sub _send {
		1124	# nop
		1125	}
		1126
		1127	sub send {
		1128	my $cv = shift;
		1129	$cv->{_ae_sent} = [@_];
		1130	(delete $cv->{_ae_cb})->($cv) if $cv->{_ae_cb};
		1131	$cv->_send;
		1132	}
		1133
		1134	sub croak {
		1135	$_[0]{_ae_croak} = $_[1];
		1136	$_[0]->send;
		1137	}
		1138
		1139	sub ready {
		1140	$_[0]{_ae_sent}
		1141	}
		1142
		1143	sub _wait {
		1144	AnyEvent->one_event while !$_[0]{_ae_sent};
		1145	}
		1146
		1147	sub recv {
		1148	$_[0]->_wait;
		1149
		1150	Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak} if $_[0]{_ae_croak};
		1151	wantarray ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0]
		1152	}
		1153
		1154	sub cb {
		1155	$_[0]{_ae_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;
		1156	$_[0]{_ae_cb}
		1157	}
		1158
		1159	sub begin {
		1160	++$_[0]{_ae_counter};
		1161	$_[0]{_ae_end_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;
		1162	}
		1163
		1164	sub end {
		1165	return if --$_[0]{_ae_counter};
		1166	&{ $_[0]{_ae_end_cb} || sub { $_[0]->send } };
		1167	}
		1168
		1169	# undocumented/compatibility with pre-3.4
		1170	*broadcast = \&send;
		1171	*wait = \&_wait;
702		1172
703	=head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE	1173	=head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE
704		1174
705	This is an advanced topic that you do not normally need to use AnyEvent in	1175	This is an advanced topic that you do not normally need to use AnyEvent in
706	a module. This section is only of use to event loop authors who want to	1176	a module. This section is only of use to event loop authors who want to
…		…
760	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>.	1230	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>.
761		1231
762	When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event	1232	When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event
763	model it chooses.	1233	model it chooses.
764		1234
		1235	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT>
		1236
		1237	AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough
		1238	argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value
		1239	will cause AnyEvent to load C<AnyEvent::Strict> and then to thoroughly
		1240	check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems
		1241	it will croak.
		1242
		1243	In other words, enables "strict" mode.
		1244
		1245	Unlike C<use strict> it is definitely recommended ot keep it off in
		1246	production.
		1247
765	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>	1248	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>
766		1249
767	This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before	1250	This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before
768	autodetection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting	1251	auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting
769	entirely of ASCII letters. The string C<AnyEvent::Impl::> gets prepended	1252	entirely of ASCII letters. The string C<AnyEvent::Impl::> gets prepended
770	and the resulting module name is loaded and if the load was successful,	1253	and the resulting module name is loaded and if the load was successful,
771	used as event model. If it fails to load AnyEvent will proceed with	1254	used as event model. If it fails to load AnyEvent will proceed with
772	autodetection and -probing.	1255	auto detection and -probing.
773		1256
774	This functionality might change in future versions.	1257	This functionality might change in future versions.
775		1258
776	For example, to force the pure perl model (L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) you	1259	For example, to force the pure perl model (L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) you
777	could start your program like this:	1260	could start your program like this:
778		1261
779	PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL=Perl perl ...	1262	PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL=Perl perl ...
		1263
		1264	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS>
		1265
		1266	Used by both L<AnyEvent::DNS> and L<AnyEvent::Socket> to determine preferences
		1267	for IPv4 or IPv6. The default is unspecified (and might change, or be the result
		1268	of auto probing).
		1269
		1270	Must be set to a comma-separated list of protocols or address families,
		1271	current supported: C<ipv4> and C<ipv6>. Only protocols mentioned will be
		1272	used, and preference will be given to protocols mentioned earlier in the
		1273	list.
		1274
		1275	This variable can effectively be used for denial-of-service attacks
		1276	against local programs (e.g. when setuid), although the impact is likely
		1277	small, as the program has to handle connection errors already-
		1278
		1279	Examples: C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv4,ipv6> - prefer IPv4 over IPv6,
		1280	but support both and try to use both. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv4>
		1281	- only support IPv4, never try to resolve or contact IPv6
		1282	addresses. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv6,ipv4> support either IPv4 or
		1283	IPv6, but prefer IPv6 over IPv4.
		1284
		1285	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_EDNS0>
		1286
		1287	Used by L<AnyEvent::DNS> to decide whether to use the EDNS0 extension
		1288	for DNS. This extension is generally useful to reduce DNS traffic, but
		1289	some (broken) firewalls drop such DNS packets, which is why it is off by
		1290	default.
		1291
		1292	Setting this variable to C<1> will cause L<AnyEvent::DNS> to announce
		1293	EDNS0 in its DNS requests.
		1294
		1295	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS>
		1296
		1297	The maximum number of child processes that C<AnyEvent::Util::fork_call>
		1298	will create in parallel.
780		1299
781	=back	1300	=back
782		1301
783	=head1 EXAMPLE PROGRAM	1302	=head1 EXAMPLE PROGRAM
784		1303
…		…
795	poll => 'r',	1314	poll => 'r',
796	cb => sub {	1315	cb => sub {
797	warn "io event <$_[0]>\n"; # will always output <r>	1316	warn "io event <$_[0]>\n"; # will always output <r>
798	chomp (my $input = <STDIN>); # read a line	1317	chomp (my $input = <STDIN>); # read a line
799	warn "read: $input\n"; # output what has been read	1318	warn "read: $input\n"; # output what has been read
800	$cv->broadcast if $input =~ /^q/i; # quit program if /^q/i	1319	$cv->send if $input =~ /^q/i; # quit program if /^q/i
801	},	1320	},
802	);	1321	);
803		1322
804	my $time_watcher; # can only be used once	1323	my $time_watcher; # can only be used once
805		1324
…		…
810	});	1329	});
811	}	1330	}
812		1331
813	new_timer; # create first timer	1332	new_timer; # create first timer
814		1333
815	$cv->wait; # wait until user enters /^q/i	1334	$cv->recv; # wait until user enters /^q/i
816		1335
817	=head1 REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE	1336	=head1 REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE
818		1337
819	Consider the L<Net::FCP> module. It features (among others) the following	1338	Consider the L<Net::FCP> module. It features (among others) the following
820	API calls, which are to freenet what HTTP GET requests are to http:	1339	API calls, which are to freenet what HTTP GET requests are to http:
…		…
870	syswrite $txn->{fh}, $txn->{request}	1389	syswrite $txn->{fh}, $txn->{request}
871	or die "connection or write error";	1390	or die "connection or write error";
872	$txn->{w} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $txn->{fh}, poll => 'r', cb => sub { $txn->fh_ready_r });	1391	$txn->{w} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $txn->{fh}, poll => 'r', cb => sub { $txn->fh_ready_r });
873		1392
874	Again, C<fh_ready_r> waits till all data has arrived, and then stores the	1393	Again, C<fh_ready_r> waits till all data has arrived, and then stores the
875	result and signals any possible waiters that the request ahs finished:	1394	result and signals any possible waiters that the request has finished:
876		1395
877	sysread $txn->{fh}, $txn->{buf}, length $txn->{$buf};	1396	sysread $txn->{fh}, $txn->{buf}, length $txn->{$buf};
878		1397
879	if (end-of-file or data complete) {	1398	if (end-of-file or data complete) {
880	$txn->{result} = $txn->{buf};	1399	$txn->{result} = $txn->{buf};
881	$txn->{finished}->broadcast;	1400	$txn->{finished}->send;
882	$txb->{cb}->($txn) of $txn->{cb}; # also call callback	1401	$txb->{cb}->($txn) of $txn->{cb}; # also call callback
883	}	1402	}
884		1403
885	The C<result> method, finally, just waits for the finished signal (if the	1404	The C<result> method, finally, just waits for the finished signal (if the
886	request was already finished, it doesn't wait, of course, and returns the	1405	request was already finished, it doesn't wait, of course, and returns the
887	data:	1406	data:
888		1407
889	$txn->{finished}->wait;	1408	$txn->{finished}->recv;
890	return $txn->{result};	1409	return $txn->{result};
891		1410
892	The actual code goes further and collects all errors (C<die>s, exceptions)	1411	The actual code goes further and collects all errors (C<die>s, exceptions)
893	that occured during request processing. The C<result> method detects	1412	that occurred during request processing. The C<result> method detects
894	whether an exception as thrown (it is stored inside the $txn object)	1413	whether an exception as thrown (it is stored inside the $txn object)
895	and just throws the exception, which means connection errors and other	1414	and just throws the exception, which means connection errors and other
896	problems get reported tot he code that tries to use the result, not in a	1415	problems get reported tot he code that tries to use the result, not in a
897	random callback.	1416	random callback.
898		1417
…		…
929		1448
930	my $quit = AnyEvent->condvar;	1449	my $quit = AnyEvent->condvar;
931		1450
932	$fcp->txn_client_get ($url)->cb (sub {	1451	$fcp->txn_client_get ($url)->cb (sub {
933	...	1452	...
934	$quit->broadcast;	1453	$quit->send;
935	});	1454	});
936		1455
937	$quit->wait;	1456	$quit->recv;
938		1457
939		1458
940	=head1 BENCHMARKS	1459	=head1 BENCHMARKS
941		1460
942	To give you an idea of the performance and overheads that AnyEvent adds	1461	To give you an idea of the performance and overheads that AnyEvent adds
…		…
944	of various event loops I prepared some benchmarks.	1463	of various event loops I prepared some benchmarks.
945		1464
946	=head2 BENCHMARKING ANYEVENT OVERHEAD	1465	=head2 BENCHMARKING ANYEVENT OVERHEAD
947		1466
948	Here is a benchmark of various supported event models used natively and	1467	Here is a benchmark of various supported event models used natively and
949	through anyevent. The benchmark creates a lot of timers (with a zero	1468	through AnyEvent. The benchmark creates a lot of timers (with a zero
950	timeout) and I/O watchers (watching STDOUT, a pty, to become writable,	1469	timeout) and I/O watchers (watching STDOUT, a pty, to become writable,
951	which it is), lets them fire exactly once and destroys them again.	1470	which it is), lets them fire exactly once and destroys them again.
952		1471
953	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench> in the AnyEvent	1472	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench> in the AnyEvent
954	distribution.	1473	distribution.
…		…
971	all watchers, to avoid adding memory overhead. That means closure creation	1490	all watchers, to avoid adding memory overhead. That means closure creation
972	and memory usage is not included in the figures.	1491	and memory usage is not included in the figures.
973		1492
974	I<invoke> is the time, in microseconds, used to invoke a simple	1493	I<invoke> is the time, in microseconds, used to invoke a simple
975	callback. The callback simply counts down a Perl variable and after it was	1494	callback. The callback simply counts down a Perl variable and after it was
976	invoked "watcher" times, it would C<< ->broadcast >> a condvar once to	1495	invoked "watcher" times, it would C<< ->send >> a condvar once to
977	signal the end of this phase.	1496	signal the end of this phase.
978		1497
979	I<destroy> is the time, in microseconds, that it takes to destroy a single	1498	I<destroy> is the time, in microseconds, that it takes to destroy a single
980	watcher.	1499	watcher.
981		1500
…		…
1041	file descriptor is dup()ed for each watcher. This shows that the dup()	1560	file descriptor is dup()ed for each watcher. This shows that the dup()
1042	employed by some adaptors is not a big performance issue (it does incur a	1561	employed by some adaptors is not a big performance issue (it does incur a
1043	hidden memory cost inside the kernel which is not reflected in the figures	1562	hidden memory cost inside the kernel which is not reflected in the figures
1044	above).	1563	above).
1045		1564
1046	C<POE>, regardless of underlying event loop (whether using its pure	1565	C<POE>, regardless of underlying event loop (whether using its pure perl
1047	perl select-based backend or the Event module, the POE-EV backend	1566	select-based backend or the Event module, the POE-EV backend couldn't
1048	couldn't be tested because it wasn't working) shows abysmal performance	1567	be tested because it wasn't working) shows abysmal performance and
1049	and memory usage: Watchers use almost 30 times as much memory as	1568	memory usage with AnyEvent: Watchers use almost 30 times as much memory
1050	EV watchers, and 10 times as much memory as Event (the high memory	1569	as EV watchers, and 10 times as much memory as Event (the high memory
1051	requirements are caused by requiring a session for each watcher). Watcher	1570	requirements are caused by requiring a session for each watcher). Watcher
1052	invocation speed is almost 900 times slower than with AnyEvent's pure perl	1571	invocation speed is almost 900 times slower than with AnyEvent's pure perl
		1572	implementation.
		1573
1053	implementation. The design of the POE adaptor class in AnyEvent can not	1574	The design of the POE adaptor class in AnyEvent can not really account
1054	really account for this, as session creation overhead is small compared	1575	for the performance issues, though, as session creation overhead is
1055	to execution of the state machine, which is coded pretty optimally within	1576	small compared to execution of the state machine, which is coded pretty
1056	L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>. POE simply seems to be abysmally slow.	1577	optimally within L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE> (and while everybody agrees that
		1578	using multiple sessions is not a good approach, especially regarding
		1579	memory usage, even the author of POE could not come up with a faster
		1580	design).
1057		1581
1058	=head3 Summary	1582	=head3 Summary
1059		1583
1060	=over 4	1584	=over 4
1061		1585
…		…
1072		1596
1073	=back	1597	=back
1074		1598
1075	=head2 BENCHMARKING THE LARGE SERVER CASE	1599	=head2 BENCHMARKING THE LARGE SERVER CASE
1076		1600
1077	This benchmark atcually benchmarks the event loop itself. It works by	1601	This benchmark actually benchmarks the event loop itself. It works by
1078	creating a number of "servers": each server consists of a socketpair, a	1602	creating a number of "servers": each server consists of a socket pair, a
1079	timeout watcher that gets reset on activity (but never fires), and an I/O	1603	timeout watcher that gets reset on activity (but never fires), and an I/O
1080	watcher waiting for input on one side of the socket. Each time the socket	1604	watcher waiting for input on one side of the socket. Each time the socket
1081	watcher reads a byte it will write that byte to a random other "server".	1605	watcher reads a byte it will write that byte to a random other "server".
1082		1606
1083	The effect is that there will be a lot of I/O watchers, only part of which	1607	The effect is that there will be a lot of I/O watchers, only part of which
1084	are active at any one point (so there is a constant number of active	1608	are active at any one point (so there is a constant number of active
1085	fds for each loop iterstaion, but which fds these are is random). The	1609	fds for each loop iteration, but which fds these are is random). The
1086	timeout is reset each time something is read because that reflects how	1610	timeout is reset each time something is read because that reflects how
1087	most timeouts work (and puts extra pressure on the event loops).	1611	most timeouts work (and puts extra pressure on the event loops).
1088		1612
1089	In this benchmark, we use 10000 socketpairs (20000 sockets), of which 100	1613	In this benchmark, we use 10000 socket pairs (20000 sockets), of which 100
1090	(1%) are active. This mirrors the activity of large servers with many	1614	(1%) are active. This mirrors the activity of large servers with many
1091	connections, most of which are idle at any one point in time.	1615	connections, most of which are idle at any one point in time.
1092		1616
1093	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench2> in the AnyEvent	1617	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench2> in the AnyEvent
1094	distribution.	1618	distribution.
…		…
1096	=head3 Explanation of the columns	1620	=head3 Explanation of the columns
1097		1621
1098	I<sockets> is the number of sockets, and twice the number of "servers" (as	1622	I<sockets> is the number of sockets, and twice the number of "servers" (as
1099	each server has a read and write socket end).	1623	each server has a read and write socket end).
1100		1624
1101	I<create> is the time it takes to create a socketpair (which is	1625	I<create> is the time it takes to create a socket pair (which is
1102	nontrivial) and two watchers: an I/O watcher and a timeout watcher.	1626	nontrivial) and two watchers: an I/O watcher and a timeout watcher.
1103		1627
1104	I<request>, the most important value, is the time it takes to handle a	1628	I<request>, the most important value, is the time it takes to handle a
1105	single "request", that is, reading the token from the pipe and forwarding	1629	single "request", that is, reading the token from the pipe and forwarding
1106	it to another server. This includes deleting the old timeout and creating	1630	it to another server. This includes deleting the old timeout and creating
…		…
1140		1664
1141	=head3 Summary	1665	=head3 Summary
1142		1666
1143	=over 4	1667	=over 4
1144		1668
1145	=item * The pure perl implementation performs extremely well, considering	1669	=item * The pure perl implementation performs extremely well.
1146	that it uses select.
1147		1670
1148	=item * Avoid Glib or POE in large projects where performance matters.	1671	=item * Avoid Glib or POE in large projects where performance matters.
1149		1672
1150	=back	1673	=back
1151		1674
…		…
1180	speed most when you have lots of watchers, not when you only have a few of	1703	speed most when you have lots of watchers, not when you only have a few of
1181	them).	1704	them).
1182		1705
1183	EV is again fastest.	1706	EV is again fastest.
1184		1707
1185	The C-based event loops Event and Glib come in second this time, as the	1708	Perl again comes second. It is noticeably faster than the C-based event
1186	overhead of running an iteration is much smaller in C than in Perl (little	1709	loops Event and Glib, although the difference is too small to really
1187	code to execute in the inner loop, and perl's function calling overhead is	1710	matter.
1188	high, and updating all the data structures is costly).
1189
1190	The pure perl event loop is much slower, but still competitive.
1191		1711
1192	POE also performs much better in this case, but is is still far behind the	1712	POE also performs much better in this case, but is is still far behind the
1193	others.	1713	others.
1194		1714
1195	=head3 Summary	1715	=head3 Summary
…		…
1203		1723
1204		1724
1205	=head1 FORK	1725	=head1 FORK
1206		1726
1207	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are	1727	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are
1208	because they are so inefficient. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware.	1728	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll>
		1729	calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware.
1209		1730
1210	If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first	1731	If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first
1211	watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child.	1732	watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child.
1212		1733
1213		1734
…		…
1221	specified in the variable.	1742	specified in the variable.
1222		1743
1223	You can make AnyEvent completely ignore this variable by deleting it	1744	You can make AnyEvent completely ignore this variable by deleting it
1224	before the first watcher gets created, e.g. with a C<BEGIN> block:	1745	before the first watcher gets created, e.g. with a C<BEGIN> block:
1225		1746
1226	BEGIN { delete $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} }	1747	BEGIN { delete $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} }
1227		1748
1228	use AnyEvent;	1749	use AnyEvent;
		1750
		1751	Similar considerations apply to $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}, as that can
		1752	be used to probe what backend is used and gain other information (which is
		1753	probably even less useful to an attacker than PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL), and
		1754	$ENV{PERL_ANYEGENT_STRICT}.
		1755
		1756
		1757	=head1 BUGS
		1758
		1759	Perl 5.8 has numerous memleaks that sometimes hit this module and are hard
		1760	to work around. If you suffer from memleaks, first upgrade to Perl 5.10
		1761	and check wether the leaks still show up. (Perl 5.10.0 has other annoying
		1762	mamleaks, such as leaking on C<map> and C<grep> but it is usually not as
		1763	pronounced).
1229		1764
1230		1765
1231	=head1 SEE ALSO	1766	=head1 SEE ALSO
1232		1767
1233	Event modules: L<Coro::EV>, L<EV>, L<EV::Glib>, L<Glib::EV>,	1768	Utility functions: L<AnyEvent::Util>.
1234	L<Coro::Event>, L<Event>, L<Glib::Event>, L<Glib>, L<Coro>, L<Tk>,	1769
		1770	Event modules: L<EV>, L<EV::Glib>, L<Glib::EV>, L<Event>, L<Glib::Event>,
1235	L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>.	1771	L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>.
1236		1772
1237	Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::CoroEV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>,	1773	Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>,
1238	L<AnyEvent::Impl::CoroEvent>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>,	1774	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>,
1239	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>,	1775	L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>,
1240	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>.	1776	L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>.
1241		1777
		1778	Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and
		1779	servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>.
		1780
		1781	Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>.
		1782
		1783	Coroutine support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>, L<Coro::Event>,
		1784
1242	Nontrivial usage examples: L<Net::FCP>, L<Net::XMPP2>.	1785	Nontrivial usage examples: L<Net::FCP>, L<Net::XMPP2>, L<AnyEvent::DNS>.
1243		1786
1244		1787
1245	=head1 AUTHOR	1788	=head1 AUTHOR
1246		1789
1247	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>	1790	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
1248	http://home.schmorp.de/	1791	http://home.schmorp.de/
1249		1792
1250	=cut	1793	=cut
1251		1794
1252	1	1795	1
1253		1796

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