… | |
… | |
181 | my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are |
181 | my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are |
182 | declared. |
182 | declared. |
183 | |
183 | |
184 | =head2 I/O WATCHERS |
184 | =head2 I/O WATCHERS |
185 | |
185 | |
|
|
186 | $w = AnyEvent->io ( |
|
|
187 | fh => <filehandle_or_fileno>, |
|
|
188 | poll => <"r" or "w">, |
|
|
189 | cb => <callback>, |
|
|
190 | ); |
|
|
191 | |
186 | You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method |
192 | You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method |
187 | with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments: |
193 | with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments: |
188 | |
194 | |
189 | C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch |
195 | C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch |
190 | for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file |
196 | for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file |
… | |
… | |
219 | undef $w; |
225 | undef $w; |
220 | }); |
226 | }); |
221 | |
227 | |
222 | =head2 TIME WATCHERS |
228 | =head2 TIME WATCHERS |
223 | |
229 | |
|
|
230 | $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => <seconds>, cb => <callback>); |
|
|
231 | |
|
|
232 | $w = AnyEvent->timer ( |
|
|
233 | after => <fractional_seconds>, |
|
|
234 | interval => <fractional_seconds>, |
|
|
235 | cb => <callback>, |
|
|
236 | ); |
|
|
237 | |
224 | You can create a time watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->timer >> |
238 | You can create a time watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->timer >> |
225 | method with the following mandatory arguments: |
239 | method with the following mandatory arguments: |
226 | |
240 | |
227 | C<after> specifies after how many seconds (fractional values are |
241 | C<after> specifies after how many seconds (fractional values are |
228 | supported) the callback should be invoked. C<cb> is the callback to invoke |
242 | supported) the callback should be invoked. C<cb> is the callback to invoke |
… | |
… | |
355 | |
369 | |
356 | =back |
370 | =back |
357 | |
371 | |
358 | =head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS |
372 | =head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS |
359 | |
373 | |
|
|
374 | $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => <uppercase_signal_name>, cb => <callback>); |
|
|
375 | |
360 | You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal |
376 | You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal |
361 | I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl |
377 | I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl |
362 | callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs. |
378 | callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs. |
363 | |
379 | |
364 | Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and |
380 | Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and |
… | |
… | |
383 | my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 }); |
399 | my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 }); |
384 | |
400 | |
385 | =head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds |
401 | =head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds |
386 | |
402 | |
387 | Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support attaching |
403 | Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support attaching |
388 | callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot do |
404 | callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot |
389 | race-free signal handling in perl. AnyEvent will try to do it's best, but |
405 | do race-free signal handling in perl, requiring C libraries for |
|
|
406 | this. AnyEvent will try to do it's best, which means in some cases, |
390 | in some cases, signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might |
407 | signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might be delayed is |
391 | be delayed is specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10 |
408 | specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10 seconds). This |
392 | seconds). This variable can be changed only before the first signal |
409 | variable can be changed only before the first signal watcher is created, |
393 | watcher is created, and should be left alone otherwise. Higher values |
410 | and should be left alone otherwise. This variable determines how often |
|
|
411 | AnyEvent polls for signals (in case a wake-up was missed). Higher values |
394 | will cause fewer spurious wake-ups, which is better for power and CPU |
412 | will cause fewer spurious wake-ups, which is better for power and CPU |
|
|
413 | saving. |
|
|
414 | |
395 | saving. All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional |
415 | All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional |
396 | L<Async::Interrupt> module. This will not work with inherently broken |
416 | L<Async::Interrupt> module, which works with most event loops. It will not |
397 | event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib> (and not with L<POE> |
417 | work with inherently broken event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib> |
398 | currently, as POE does it's own workaround with one-second latency). With |
418 | (and not with L<POE> currently, as POE does it's own workaround with |
399 | those, you just have to suffer the delays. |
419 | one-second latency). For those, you just have to suffer the delays. |
400 | |
420 | |
401 | =head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS |
421 | =head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS |
|
|
422 | |
|
|
423 | $w = AnyEvent->child (pid => <process id>, cb => <callback>); |
402 | |
424 | |
403 | You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status. |
425 | You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status. |
404 | |
426 | |
405 | The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (one some backends, |
427 | The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (one some backends, |
406 | using C<0> watches for any child process exit, on others this will |
428 | using C<0> watches for any child process exit, on others this will |
… | |
… | |
455 | # do something else, then wait for process exit |
477 | # do something else, then wait for process exit |
456 | $done->recv; |
478 | $done->recv; |
457 | |
479 | |
458 | =head2 IDLE WATCHERS |
480 | =head2 IDLE WATCHERS |
459 | |
481 | |
|
|
482 | $w = AnyEvent->idle (cb => <callback>); |
|
|
483 | |
460 | Sometimes there is a need to do something, but it is not so important |
484 | Sometimes there is a need to do something, but it is not so important |
461 | to do it instantly, but only when there is nothing better to do. This |
485 | to do it instantly, but only when there is nothing better to do. This |
462 | "nothing better to do" is usually defined to be "no other events need |
486 | "nothing better to do" is usually defined to be "no other events need |
463 | attention by the event loop". |
487 | attention by the event loop". |
464 | |
488 | |
… | |
… | |
490 | }); |
514 | }); |
491 | }); |
515 | }); |
492 | |
516 | |
493 | =head2 CONDITION VARIABLES |
517 | =head2 CONDITION VARIABLES |
494 | |
518 | |
|
|
519 | $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
|
|
520 | |
|
|
521 | $cv->send (<list>); |
|
|
522 | my @res = $cv->recv; |
|
|
523 | |
495 | If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them |
524 | If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them |
496 | require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that |
525 | require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that |
497 | will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks. |
526 | will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks. |
498 | |
527 | |
499 | AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event |
528 | AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event |
… | |
… | |
761 | =item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv)) |
790 | =item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv)) |
762 | |
791 | |
763 | This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally |
792 | This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally |
764 | replaces it before doing so. |
793 | replaces it before doing so. |
765 | |
794 | |
766 | The callback will be called when the condition becomes "true", i.e. when |
795 | The callback will be called when the condition becomes (or already was) |
767 | C<send> or C<croak> are called, with the only argument being the condition |
796 | "true", i.e. when C<send> or C<croak> are called (or were called), with |
768 | variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time |
797 | the only argument being the condition variable itself. Calling C<recv> |
769 | is guaranteed not to block. |
798 | inside the callback or at any later time is guaranteed not to block. |
770 | |
799 | |
771 | =back |
800 | =back |
772 | |
801 | |
773 | =head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS |
802 | =head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS |
774 | |
803 | |
… | |
… | |
777 | =over 4 |
806 | =over 4 |
778 | |
807 | |
779 | =item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found. |
808 | =item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found. |
780 | |
809 | |
781 | EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in |
810 | EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in |
782 | use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will try Event, and, failing |
811 | use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will fall back to its own |
783 | that, will fall back to its own pure-perl implementation, which is |
812 | pure-perl implementation, which is available everywhere as it comes with |
784 | available everywhere as it comes with AnyEvent itself. |
813 | AnyEvent itself. |
785 | |
814 | |
786 | AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice). |
815 | AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice). |
787 | AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches. |
|
|
788 | AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable. |
816 | AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable. |
789 | |
817 | |
790 | =item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used. |
818 | =item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used. |
791 | |
819 | |
792 | These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher |
820 | These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher |
793 | is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using |
821 | is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using |
794 | them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend |
822 | them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend |
795 | when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to |
823 | when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to |
796 | create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program. |
824 | create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program. |
797 | |
825 | |
|
|
826 | AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches. |
798 | AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable. |
827 | AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable. |
799 | AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken. |
828 | AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken. |
800 | AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse. |
829 | AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse. |
801 | AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations. |
830 | AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations. |
802 | AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi used when running within irssi. |
831 | AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi used when running within irssi. |
… | |
… | |
1086 | |
1115 | |
1087 | BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense } |
1116 | BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense } |
1088 | |
1117 | |
1089 | use Carp (); |
1118 | use Carp (); |
1090 | |
1119 | |
1091 | our $VERSION = 4.881; |
1120 | our $VERSION = 4.92; |
1092 | our $MODEL; |
1121 | our $MODEL; |
1093 | |
1122 | |
1094 | our $AUTOLOAD; |
1123 | our $AUTOLOAD; |
1095 | our @ISA; |
1124 | our @ISA; |
1096 | |
1125 | |
… | |
… | |
1122 | $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} || "ipv4,ipv6"; |
1151 | $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} || "ipv4,ipv6"; |
1123 | } |
1152 | } |
1124 | |
1153 | |
1125 | my @models = ( |
1154 | my @models = ( |
1126 | [EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV:: , 1], |
1155 | [EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV:: , 1], |
1127 | [Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::, 1], |
|
|
1128 | [AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: , 1], |
1156 | [AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: , 1], |
1129 | # everything below here will not (normally) be autoprobed |
1157 | # everything below here will not (normally) be autoprobed |
1130 | # as the pureperl backend should work everywhere |
1158 | # as the pureperl backend should work everywhere |
1131 | # and is usually faster |
1159 | # and is usually faster |
|
|
1160 | [Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::, 1], |
1132 | [Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib:: , 1], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers |
1161 | [Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib:: , 1], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers |
1133 | [Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy |
1162 | [Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy |
1134 | [Irssi:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi::], # Irssi has a bogus "Event" package |
1163 | [Irssi:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi::], # Irssi has a bogus "Event" package |
1135 | [Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles |
1164 | [Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles |
1136 | [Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program |
1165 | [Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program |
… | |
… | |
1258 | # we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases |
1287 | # we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases |
1259 | |
1288 | |
1260 | ($fh2, $rw) |
1289 | ($fh2, $rw) |
1261 | } |
1290 | } |
1262 | |
1291 | |
|
|
1292 | ############################################################################# |
|
|
1293 | # "new" API, currently only emulation of it |
|
|
1294 | ############################################################################# |
|
|
1295 | |
|
|
1296 | package AE; |
|
|
1297 | |
|
|
1298 | our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION; |
|
|
1299 | |
|
|
1300 | sub io($$$) { |
|
|
1301 | AnyEvent->io (fh => $_[0], poll => $_[1] ? "w" : "r", cb => $_[2]) |
|
|
1302 | } |
|
|
1303 | |
|
|
1304 | sub timer($$$) { |
|
|
1305 | AnyEvent->timer (after => $_[0], interval => $_[1], cb => $_[2]); |
|
|
1306 | } |
|
|
1307 | |
|
|
1308 | sub signal($$) { |
|
|
1309 | AnyEvent->signal (signal => $_[0], cb => $_[1]); |
|
|
1310 | } |
|
|
1311 | |
|
|
1312 | sub child($$) { |
|
|
1313 | AnyEvent->child (pid => $_[0], cb => $_[1]); |
|
|
1314 | } |
|
|
1315 | |
|
|
1316 | sub idle($) { |
|
|
1317 | AnyEvent->idle (cb => $_[0]); |
|
|
1318 | } |
|
|
1319 | |
|
|
1320 | sub cv(;&) { |
|
|
1321 | AnyEvent->condvar (@_ ? (cb => $_[0]) : ()) |
|
|
1322 | } |
|
|
1323 | |
|
|
1324 | sub now() { |
|
|
1325 | AnyEvent->now |
|
|
1326 | } |
|
|
1327 | |
|
|
1328 | sub now_update() { |
|
|
1329 | AnyEvent->now_update |
|
|
1330 | } |
|
|
1331 | |
|
|
1332 | sub time() { |
|
|
1333 | AnyEvent->time |
|
|
1334 | } |
|
|
1335 | |
1263 | package AnyEvent::Base; |
1336 | package AnyEvent::Base; |
1264 | |
1337 | |
1265 | # default implementations for many methods |
1338 | # default implementations for many methods |
1266 | |
1339 | |
1267 | sub _time { |
1340 | sub _time { |
… | |
… | |
1319 | |
1392 | |
1320 | # install a dummy wakeup watcher to reduce signal catching latency |
1393 | # install a dummy wakeup watcher to reduce signal catching latency |
1321 | sub _sig_add() { |
1394 | sub _sig_add() { |
1322 | unless ($SIG_COUNT++) { |
1395 | unless ($SIG_COUNT++) { |
1323 | # try to align timer on a full-second boundary, if possible |
1396 | # try to align timer on a full-second boundary, if possible |
1324 | my $NOW = AnyEvent->now; |
1397 | my $NOW = AE::now; |
1325 | |
1398 | |
1326 | $SIG_TW = AnyEvent->timer ( |
1399 | $SIG_TW = AE::timer |
1327 | after => $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY - ($NOW - int $NOW), |
1400 | $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY - ($NOW - int $NOW), |
1328 | interval => $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY, |
1401 | $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY, |
1329 | cb => sub { }, # just for the PERL_ASYNC_CHECK |
1402 | sub { } # just for the PERL_ASYNC_CHECK |
1330 | ); |
1403 | ; |
1331 | } |
1404 | } |
1332 | } |
1405 | } |
1333 | |
1406 | |
1334 | sub _sig_del { |
1407 | sub _sig_del { |
1335 | undef $SIG_TW |
1408 | undef $SIG_TW |
… | |
… | |
1372 | # probe for availability of Async::Interrupt |
1445 | # probe for availability of Async::Interrupt |
1373 | if (_have_async_interrupt) { |
1446 | if (_have_async_interrupt) { |
1374 | warn "AnyEvent: using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8; |
1447 | warn "AnyEvent: using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8; |
1375 | |
1448 | |
1376 | $SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe; |
1449 | $SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe; |
1377 | $SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec); |
1450 | $SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, 0, \&_signal_exec; |
1378 | |
1451 | |
1379 | } else { |
1452 | } else { |
1380 | warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8; |
1453 | warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8; |
1381 | |
1454 | |
1382 | require Fcntl; |
1455 | require Fcntl; |
… | |
… | |
1398 | } |
1471 | } |
1399 | |
1472 | |
1400 | $SIGPIPE_R |
1473 | $SIGPIPE_R |
1401 | or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n"; |
1474 | or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n"; |
1402 | |
1475 | |
1403 | $SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec); |
1476 | $SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R, 0, \&_signal_exec; |
1404 | } |
1477 | } |
1405 | |
1478 | |
1406 | *signal = sub { |
1479 | *signal = sub { |
1407 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1480 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1408 | |
1481 | |
… | |
… | |
1497 | $WNOHANG ||= $^O =~ /^(?:openbsd|netbsd|linux|freebsd|cygwin|MSWin32)$/ |
1570 | $WNOHANG ||= $^O =~ /^(?:openbsd|netbsd|linux|freebsd|cygwin|MSWin32)$/ |
1498 | ? 1 |
1571 | ? 1 |
1499 | : eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } || 1; |
1572 | : eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } || 1; |
1500 | |
1573 | |
1501 | unless ($CHLD_W) { |
1574 | unless ($CHLD_W) { |
1502 | $CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld); |
1575 | $CHLD_W = AE::signal CHLD => \&_sigchld; |
1503 | # child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round |
1576 | # child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round |
1504 | &_sigchld; |
1577 | &_sigchld; |
1505 | } |
1578 | } |
1506 | |
1579 | |
1507 | bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child" |
1580 | bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child" |
… | |
… | |
1533 | # never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher, |
1606 | # never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher, |
1534 | # within some limits |
1607 | # within some limits |
1535 | $w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001; |
1608 | $w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001; |
1536 | $w = 5 if $w > 5; |
1609 | $w = 5 if $w > 5; |
1537 | |
1610 | |
1538 | $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $w, cb => $rcb); |
1611 | $w = AE::timer $w, 0, $rcb; |
1539 | } else { |
1612 | } else { |
1540 | # clean up... |
1613 | # clean up... |
1541 | undef $w; |
1614 | undef $w; |
1542 | undef $rcb; |
1615 | undef $rcb; |
1543 | } |
1616 | } |
1544 | }; |
1617 | }; |
1545 | |
1618 | |
1546 | $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 0.05, cb => $rcb); |
1619 | $w = AE::timer 0.05, 0, $rcb; |
1547 | |
1620 | |
1548 | bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle" |
1621 | bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle" |
1549 | } |
1622 | } |
1550 | |
1623 | |
1551 | sub AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY { |
1624 | sub AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY { |
… | |
… | |
1605 | Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak} if $_[0]{_ae_croak}; |
1678 | Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak} if $_[0]{_ae_croak}; |
1606 | wantarray ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0] |
1679 | wantarray ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0] |
1607 | } |
1680 | } |
1608 | |
1681 | |
1609 | sub cb { |
1682 | sub cb { |
1610 | $_[0]{_ae_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1; |
1683 | my $cv = shift; |
|
|
1684 | |
|
|
1685 | @_ |
|
|
1686 | and $cv->{_ae_cb} = shift |
|
|
1687 | and $cv->{_ae_sent} |
|
|
1688 | and (delete $cv->{_ae_cb})->($cv); |
|
|
1689 | |
1611 | $_[0]{_ae_cb} |
1690 | $cv->{_ae_cb} |
1612 | } |
1691 | } |
1613 | |
1692 | |
1614 | sub begin { |
1693 | sub begin { |
1615 | ++$_[0]{_ae_counter}; |
1694 | ++$_[0]{_ae_counter}; |
1616 | $_[0]{_ae_end_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1; |
1695 | $_[0]{_ae_end_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1; |