1 | =head1 NAME |
1 | =head1 NAME |
2 | |
2 | |
3 | AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops |
3 | AnyEvent - events independent of event loop implementation |
4 | |
4 | |
5 | EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt, POE - various supported event loops |
5 | EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt and POE are various supported |
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6 | event loops. |
6 | |
7 | |
7 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
8 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
8 | |
9 | |
9 | use AnyEvent; |
10 | use AnyEvent; |
10 | |
11 | |
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12 | # file descriptor readable |
11 | my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r|w", cb => sub { ... }); |
13 | my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r", cb => sub { ... }); |
12 | |
14 | |
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15 | # one-shot or repeating timers |
13 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { ... }); |
16 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { ... }); |
14 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, interval => $seconds, cb => ... |
17 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, interval => $seconds, cb => ... |
15 | |
18 | |
16 | print AnyEvent->now; # prints current event loop time |
19 | print AnyEvent->now; # prints current event loop time |
17 | print AnyEvent->time; # think Time::HiRes::time or simply CORE::time. |
20 | print AnyEvent->time; # think Time::HiRes::time or simply CORE::time. |
18 | |
21 | |
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22 | # POSIX signal |
19 | my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "TERM", cb => sub { ... }); |
23 | my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "TERM", cb => sub { ... }); |
20 | |
24 | |
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25 | # child process exit |
21 | my $w = AnyEvent->child (pid => $pid, cb => sub { |
26 | my $w = AnyEvent->child (pid => $pid, cb => sub { |
22 | my ($pid, $status) = @_; |
27 | my ($pid, $status) = @_; |
23 | ... |
28 | ... |
24 | }); |
29 | }); |
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30 | |
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31 | # called when event loop idle (if applicable) |
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32 | my $w = AnyEvent->idle (cb => sub { ... }); |
25 | |
33 | |
26 | my $w = AnyEvent->condvar; # stores whether a condition was flagged |
34 | my $w = AnyEvent->condvar; # stores whether a condition was flagged |
27 | $w->send; # wake up current and all future recv's |
35 | $w->send; # wake up current and all future recv's |
28 | $w->recv; # enters "main loop" till $condvar gets ->send |
36 | $w->recv; # enters "main loop" till $condvar gets ->send |
29 | # use a condvar in callback mode: |
37 | # use a condvar in callback mode: |
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… | |
32 | =head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL |
40 | =head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL |
33 | |
41 | |
34 | This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested |
42 | This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested |
35 | in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the |
43 | in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the |
36 | L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage. |
44 | L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage. |
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45 | |
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46 | =head1 SUPPORT |
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47 | |
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48 | There is a mailinglist for discussing all things AnyEvent, and an IRC |
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49 | channel, too. |
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50 | |
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51 | See the AnyEvent project page at the B<Schmorpforge Ta-Sa Software |
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52 | Respository>, at L<http://anyevent.schmorp.de>, for more info. |
37 | |
53 | |
38 | =head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT) |
54 | =head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT) |
39 | |
55 | |
40 | Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen |
56 | Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen |
41 | nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent? |
57 | nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent? |
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168 | =head2 I/O WATCHERS |
184 | =head2 I/O WATCHERS |
169 | |
185 | |
170 | You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method |
186 | You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method |
171 | with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments: |
187 | with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments: |
172 | |
188 | |
173 | C<fh> the Perl I<file handle> (I<not> file descriptor) to watch for events |
189 | C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch |
174 | (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file handle). C<poll> |
190 | for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file |
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191 | handle). Note that only file handles pointing to things for which |
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192 | non-blocking operation makes sense are allowed. This includes sockets, |
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193 | most character devices, pipes, fifos and so on, but not for example files |
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194 | or block devices. |
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195 | |
175 | must be a string that is either C<r> or C<w>, which creates a watcher |
196 | C<poll> must be a string that is either C<r> or C<w>, which creates a |
176 | waiting for "r"eadable or "w"ritable events, respectively. C<cb> is the |
197 | watcher waiting for "r"eadable or "w"ritable events, respectively. |
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198 | |
177 | callback to invoke each time the file handle becomes ready. |
199 | C<cb> is the callback to invoke each time the file handle becomes ready. |
178 | |
200 | |
179 | Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and |
201 | Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and |
180 | presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent |
202 | presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent |
181 | callbacks cannot use arguments passed to I/O watcher callbacks. |
203 | callbacks cannot use arguments passed to I/O watcher callbacks. |
182 | |
204 | |
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314 | In either case, if you care (and in most cases, you don't), then you |
336 | In either case, if you care (and in most cases, you don't), then you |
315 | can get whatever behaviour you want with any event loop, by taking the |
337 | can get whatever behaviour you want with any event loop, by taking the |
316 | difference between C<< AnyEvent->time >> and C<< AnyEvent->now >> into |
338 | difference between C<< AnyEvent->time >> and C<< AnyEvent->now >> into |
317 | account. |
339 | account. |
318 | |
340 | |
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341 | =item AnyEvent->now_update |
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342 | |
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343 | Some event loops (such as L<EV> or L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) cache |
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344 | the current time for each loop iteration (see the discussion of L<< |
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345 | AnyEvent->now >>, above). |
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346 | |
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347 | When a callback runs for a long time (or when the process sleeps), then |
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348 | this "current" time will differ substantially from the real time, which |
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349 | might affect timers and time-outs. |
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350 | |
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351 | When this is the case, you can call this method, which will update the |
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352 | event loop's idea of "current time". |
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353 | |
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354 | Note that updating the time I<might> cause some events to be handled. |
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355 | |
319 | =back |
356 | =back |
320 | |
357 | |
321 | =head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS |
358 | =head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS |
322 | |
359 | |
323 | You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal |
360 | You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal |
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332 | invocation, and callback invocation will be synchronous. Synchronous means |
369 | invocation, and callback invocation will be synchronous. Synchronous means |
333 | that it might take a while until the signal gets handled by the process, |
370 | that it might take a while until the signal gets handled by the process, |
334 | but it is guaranteed not to interrupt any other callbacks. |
371 | but it is guaranteed not to interrupt any other callbacks. |
335 | |
372 | |
336 | The main advantage of using these watchers is that you can share a signal |
373 | The main advantage of using these watchers is that you can share a signal |
337 | between multiple watchers. |
374 | between multiple watchers, and AnyEvent will ensure that signals will not |
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375 | interrupt your program at bad times. |
338 | |
376 | |
339 | This watcher might use C<%SIG>, so programs overwriting those signals |
377 | This watcher might use C<%SIG> (depending on the event loop used), |
340 | directly will likely not work correctly. |
378 | so programs overwriting those signals directly will likely not work |
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379 | correctly. |
341 | |
380 | |
342 | Example: exit on SIGINT |
381 | Example: exit on SIGINT |
343 | |
382 | |
344 | my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 }); |
383 | my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 }); |
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384 | |
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385 | =head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds |
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386 | |
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387 | Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support attaching |
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388 | callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot do |
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389 | race-free signal handling in perl. AnyEvent will try to do it's best, but |
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390 | in some cases, signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might |
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391 | be delayed is specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10 |
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392 | seconds). This variable can be changed only before the first signal |
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393 | watcher is created, and should be left alone otherwise. Higher values |
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394 | will cause fewer spurious wake-ups, which is better for power and CPU |
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395 | saving. All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional |
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396 | L<Async::Interrupt> module. This will not work with inherently broken |
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397 | event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib> (and not with L<POE> |
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398 | currently, as POE does it's own workaround with one-second latency). With |
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399 | those, you just have to suffer the delays. |
345 | |
400 | |
346 | =head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS |
401 | =head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS |
347 | |
402 | |
348 | You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status. |
403 | You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status. |
349 | |
404 | |
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363 | |
418 | |
364 | There is a slight catch to child watchers, however: you usually start them |
419 | There is a slight catch to child watchers, however: you usually start them |
365 | I<after> the child process was created, and this means the process could |
420 | I<after> the child process was created, and this means the process could |
366 | have exited already (and no SIGCHLD will be sent anymore). |
421 | have exited already (and no SIGCHLD will be sent anymore). |
367 | |
422 | |
368 | Not all event models handle this correctly (POE doesn't), but even for |
423 | Not all event models handle this correctly (neither POE nor IO::Async do, |
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424 | see their AnyEvent::Impl manpages for details), but even for event models |
369 | event models that I<do> handle this correctly, they usually need to be |
425 | that I<do> handle this correctly, they usually need to be loaded before |
370 | loaded before the process exits (i.e. before you fork in the first place). |
426 | the process exits (i.e. before you fork in the first place). AnyEvent's |
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427 | pure perl event loop handles all cases correctly regardless of when you |
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428 | start the watcher. |
371 | |
429 | |
372 | This means you cannot create a child watcher as the very first thing in an |
430 | This means you cannot create a child watcher as the very first |
373 | AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one watcher before you |
431 | thing in an AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one |
374 | C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call C<AnyEvent::detect>). |
432 | watcher before you C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call |
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433 | C<AnyEvent::detect>). |
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434 | |
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435 | As most event loops do not support waiting for child events, they will be |
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436 | emulated by AnyEvent in most cases, in which the latency and race problems |
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437 | mentioned in the description of signal watchers apply. |
375 | |
438 | |
376 | Example: fork a process and wait for it |
439 | Example: fork a process and wait for it |
377 | |
440 | |
378 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
441 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
379 | |
442 | |
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389 | ); |
452 | ); |
390 | |
453 | |
391 | # do something else, then wait for process exit |
454 | # do something else, then wait for process exit |
392 | $done->recv; |
455 | $done->recv; |
393 | |
456 | |
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457 | =head2 IDLE WATCHERS |
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458 | |
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459 | Sometimes there is a need to do something, but it is not so important |
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460 | to do it instantly, but only when there is nothing better to do. This |
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461 | "nothing better to do" is usually defined to be "no other events need |
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462 | attention by the event loop". |
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463 | |
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464 | Idle watchers ideally get invoked when the event loop has nothing |
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465 | better to do, just before it would block the process to wait for new |
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466 | events. Instead of blocking, the idle watcher is invoked. |
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467 | |
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468 | Most event loops unfortunately do not really support idle watchers (only |
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469 | EV, Event and Glib do it in a usable fashion) - for the rest, AnyEvent |
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470 | will simply call the callback "from time to time". |
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471 | |
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472 | Example: read lines from STDIN, but only process them when the |
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473 | program is otherwise idle: |
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474 | |
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475 | my @lines; # read data |
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476 | my $idle_w; |
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477 | my $io_w = AnyEvent->io (fh => \*STDIN, poll => 'r', cb => sub { |
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478 | push @lines, scalar <STDIN>; |
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479 | |
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480 | # start an idle watcher, if not already done |
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481 | $idle_w ||= AnyEvent->idle (cb => sub { |
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482 | # handle only one line, when there are lines left |
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483 | if (my $line = shift @lines) { |
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484 | print "handled when idle: $line"; |
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485 | } else { |
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486 | # otherwise disable the idle watcher again |
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487 | undef $idle_w; |
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488 | } |
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489 | }); |
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490 | }); |
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491 | |
394 | =head2 CONDITION VARIABLES |
492 | =head2 CONDITION VARIABLES |
395 | |
493 | |
396 | If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them |
494 | If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them |
397 | require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that |
495 | require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that |
398 | will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks. |
496 | will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks. |
399 | |
497 | |
400 | AnyEvent is different, it expects somebody else to run the event loop and |
498 | AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event |
401 | will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user). |
499 | loop and will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user). |
402 | |
500 | |
403 | The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called |
501 | The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called |
404 | because they represent a condition that must become true. |
502 | because they represent a condition that must become true. |
405 | |
503 | |
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504 | Now is probably a good time to look at the examples further below. |
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505 | |
406 | Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar |
506 | Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar |
407 | >> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is |
507 | >> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is |
408 | |
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409 | C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable |
508 | C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable |
410 | becomes true, with the condition variable as the first argument (but not |
509 | becomes true, with the condition variable as the first argument (but not |
411 | the results). |
510 | the results). |
412 | |
511 | |
413 | After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true" |
512 | After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true" |
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462 | after => 1, |
561 | after => 1, |
463 | cb => sub { $result_ready->send }, |
562 | cb => sub { $result_ready->send }, |
464 | ); |
563 | ); |
465 | |
564 | |
466 | # this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback |
565 | # this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback |
467 | # calls send |
566 | # calls -<send |
468 | $result_ready->recv; |
567 | $result_ready->recv; |
469 | |
568 | |
470 | Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that |
569 | Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition |
471 | condition variables are also code references. |
570 | variables are also callable directly. |
472 | |
571 | |
473 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
572 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
474 | my $delay = AnyEvent->timer (after => 5, cb => $done); |
573 | my $delay = AnyEvent->timer (after => 5, cb => $done); |
475 | $done->recv; |
574 | $done->recv; |
476 | |
575 | |
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482 | |
581 | |
483 | ... |
582 | ... |
484 | |
583 | |
485 | my @info = $couchdb->info->recv; |
584 | my @info = $couchdb->info->recv; |
486 | |
585 | |
487 | And this is how you would just ste a callback to be called whenever the |
586 | And this is how you would just set a callback to be called whenever the |
488 | results are available: |
587 | results are available: |
489 | |
588 | |
490 | $couchdb->info->cb (sub { |
589 | $couchdb->info->cb (sub { |
491 | my @info = $_[0]->recv; |
590 | my @info = $_[0]->recv; |
492 | }); |
591 | }); |
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510 | immediately from within send. |
609 | immediately from within send. |
511 | |
610 | |
512 | Any arguments passed to the C<send> call will be returned by all |
611 | Any arguments passed to the C<send> call will be returned by all |
513 | future C<< ->recv >> calls. |
612 | future C<< ->recv >> calls. |
514 | |
613 | |
515 | Condition variables are overloaded so one can call them directly |
614 | Condition variables are overloaded so one can call them directly (as if |
516 | (as a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling |
615 | they were a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling |
517 | C<send>. Note, however, that many C-based event loops do not handle |
616 | C<send>. |
518 | overloading, so as tempting as it may be, passing a condition variable |
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519 | instead of a callback does not work. Both the pure perl and EV loops |
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520 | support overloading, however, as well as all functions that use perl to |
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521 | invoke a callback (as in L<AnyEvent::Socket> and L<AnyEvent::DNS> for |
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522 | example). |
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523 | |
617 | |
524 | =item $cv->croak ($error) |
618 | =item $cv->croak ($error) |
525 | |
619 | |
526 | Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke |
620 | Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke |
527 | C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar. |
621 | C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar. |
528 | |
622 | |
529 | This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable |
623 | This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable |
530 | user/consumer. |
624 | user/consumer. Doing it this way instead of calling C<croak> directly |
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625 | delays the error detetcion, but has the overwhelmign advantage that it |
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626 | diagnoses the error at the place where the result is expected, and not |
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627 | deep in some event clalback without connection to the actual code causing |
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628 | the problem. |
531 | |
629 | |
532 | =item $cv->begin ([group callback]) |
630 | =item $cv->begin ([group callback]) |
533 | |
631 | |
534 | =item $cv->end |
632 | =item $cv->end |
535 | |
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536 | These two methods are EXPERIMENTAL and MIGHT CHANGE. |
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537 | |
633 | |
538 | These two methods can be used to combine many transactions/events into |
634 | These two methods can be used to combine many transactions/events into |
539 | one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want |
635 | one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want |
540 | to use a condition variable for the whole process. |
636 | to use a condition variable for the whole process. |
541 | |
637 | |
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543 | C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end |
639 | C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end |
544 | >>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback |
640 | >>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback |
545 | is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no |
641 | is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no |
546 | callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments. |
642 | callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments. |
547 | |
643 | |
548 | Let's clarify this with the ping example: |
644 | You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call |
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645 | sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND |
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646 | condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends). |
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647 | |
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648 | Let's start with a simple example: you have two I/O watchers (for example, |
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649 | STDOUT and STDERR for a program), and you want to wait for both streams to |
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650 | close before activating a condvar: |
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651 | |
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652 | my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
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653 | |
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654 | $cv->begin; # first watcher |
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655 | my $w1 = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh1, cb => sub { |
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656 | defined sysread $fh1, my $buf, 4096 |
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657 | or $cv->end; |
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658 | }); |
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659 | |
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660 | $cv->begin; # second watcher |
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661 | my $w2 = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh2, cb => sub { |
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662 | defined sysread $fh2, my $buf, 4096 |
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663 | or $cv->end; |
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664 | }); |
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665 | |
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666 | $cv->recv; |
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667 | |
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668 | This works because for every event source (EOF on file handle), there is |
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669 | one call to C<begin>, so the condvar waits for all calls to C<end> before |
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670 | sending. |
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671 | |
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672 | The ping example mentioned above is slightly more complicated, as the |
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673 | there are results to be passwd back, and the number of tasks that are |
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674 | begung can potentially be zero: |
549 | |
675 | |
550 | my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
676 | my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
551 | |
677 | |
552 | my %result; |
678 | my %result; |
553 | $cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) }); |
679 | $cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) }); |
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573 | loop, which serves two important purposes: first, it sets the callback |
699 | loop, which serves two important purposes: first, it sets the callback |
574 | to be called once the counter reaches C<0>, and second, it ensures that |
700 | to be called once the counter reaches C<0>, and second, it ensures that |
575 | C<send> is called even when C<no> hosts are being pinged (the loop |
701 | C<send> is called even when C<no> hosts are being pinged (the loop |
576 | doesn't execute once). |
702 | doesn't execute once). |
577 | |
703 | |
578 | This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple subrequests: |
704 | This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple (but |
579 | use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set the callback and ensure C<end> |
705 | potentially none) subrequests: use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set |
580 | is called at least once, and then, for each subrequest you start, call |
706 | the callback and ensure C<end> is called at least once, and then, for each |
581 | C<begin> and for each subrequest you finish, call C<end>. |
707 | subrequest you start, call C<begin> and for each subrequest you finish, |
|
|
708 | call C<end>. |
582 | |
709 | |
583 | =back |
710 | =back |
584 | |
711 | |
585 | =head3 METHODS FOR CONSUMERS |
712 | =head3 METHODS FOR CONSUMERS |
586 | |
713 | |
… | |
… | |
602 | function will call C<croak>. |
729 | function will call C<croak>. |
603 | |
730 | |
604 | In list context, all parameters passed to C<send> will be returned, |
731 | In list context, all parameters passed to C<send> will be returned, |
605 | in scalar context only the first one will be returned. |
732 | in scalar context only the first one will be returned. |
606 | |
733 | |
|
|
734 | Note that doing a blocking wait in a callback is not supported by any |
|
|
735 | event loop, that is, recursive invocation of a blocking C<< ->recv |
|
|
736 | >> is not allowed, and the C<recv> call will C<croak> if such a |
|
|
737 | condition is detected. This condition can be slightly loosened by using |
|
|
738 | L<Coro::AnyEvent>, which allows you to do a blocking C<< ->recv >> from |
|
|
739 | any thread that doesn't run the event loop itself. |
|
|
740 | |
607 | Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case |
741 | Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case |
608 | (programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are |
742 | (programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are |
609 | using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>, but let the |
743 | using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>. Instead, let the |
610 | caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling |
744 | caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling |
611 | condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting |
745 | condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting |
612 | callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block, |
746 | callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block, |
613 | while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires). |
747 | while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires). |
614 | |
748 | |
615 | Another reason I<never> to C<< ->recv >> in a module is that you cannot |
|
|
616 | sensibly have two C<< ->recv >>'s in parallel, as that would require |
|
|
617 | multiple interpreters or coroutines/threads, none of which C<AnyEvent> |
|
|
618 | can supply. |
|
|
619 | |
|
|
620 | The L<Coro> module, however, I<can> and I<does> supply coroutines and, in |
|
|
621 | fact, L<Coro::AnyEvent> replaces AnyEvent's condvars by coroutine-safe |
|
|
622 | versions and also integrates coroutines into AnyEvent, making blocking |
|
|
623 | C<< ->recv >> calls perfectly safe as long as they are done from another |
|
|
624 | coroutine (one that doesn't run the event loop). |
|
|
625 | |
|
|
626 | You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and |
749 | You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and |
627 | only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later |
750 | only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later |
628 | time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking |
751 | time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking |
629 | waits otherwise. |
752 | waits otherwise. |
630 | |
753 | |
… | |
… | |
643 | variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time |
766 | variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time |
644 | is guaranteed not to block. |
767 | is guaranteed not to block. |
645 | |
768 | |
646 | =back |
769 | =back |
647 | |
770 | |
|
|
771 | =head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS |
|
|
772 | |
|
|
773 | The available backend classes are (every class has its own manpage): |
|
|
774 | |
|
|
775 | =over 4 |
|
|
776 | |
|
|
777 | =item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found. |
|
|
778 | |
|
|
779 | EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in |
|
|
780 | use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will try Event, and, failing |
|
|
781 | that, will fall back to its own pure-perl implementation, which is |
|
|
782 | available everywhere as it comes with AnyEvent itself. |
|
|
783 | |
|
|
784 | AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice). |
|
|
785 | AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches. |
|
|
786 | AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable. |
|
|
787 | |
|
|
788 | =item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used. |
|
|
789 | |
|
|
790 | These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher |
|
|
791 | is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using |
|
|
792 | them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend |
|
|
793 | when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to |
|
|
794 | create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program. |
|
|
795 | |
|
|
796 | AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable. |
|
|
797 | AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken. |
|
|
798 | AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse. |
|
|
799 | AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations. |
|
|
800 | |
|
|
801 | =item Backends with special needs. |
|
|
802 | |
|
|
803 | Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will |
|
|
804 | otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program |
|
|
805 | instantiates the application before any AnyEvent watchers are created, |
|
|
806 | everything should just work. |
|
|
807 | |
|
|
808 | AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt. |
|
|
809 | |
|
|
810 | Support for IO::Async can only be partial, as it is too broken and |
|
|
811 | architecturally limited to even support the AnyEvent API. It also |
|
|
812 | is the only event loop that needs the loop to be set explicitly, so |
|
|
813 | it can only be used by a main program knowing about AnyEvent. See |
|
|
814 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::Async> for the gory details. |
|
|
815 | |
|
|
816 | AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync based on IO::Async, cannot be autoprobed. |
|
|
817 | |
|
|
818 | =item Event loops that are indirectly supported via other backends. |
|
|
819 | |
|
|
820 | Some event loops can be supported via other modules: |
|
|
821 | |
|
|
822 | There is no direct support for WxWidgets (L<Wx>) or L<Prima>. |
|
|
823 | |
|
|
824 | B<WxWidgets> has no support for watching file handles. However, you can |
|
|
825 | use WxWidgets through the POE adaptor, as POE has a Wx backend that simply |
|
|
826 | polls 20 times per second, which was considered to be too horrible to even |
|
|
827 | consider for AnyEvent. |
|
|
828 | |
|
|
829 | B<Prima> is not supported as nobody seems to be using it, but it has a POE |
|
|
830 | backend, so it can be supported through POE. |
|
|
831 | |
|
|
832 | AnyEvent knows about both L<Prima> and L<Wx>, however, and will try to |
|
|
833 | load L<POE> when detecting them, in the hope that POE will pick them up, |
|
|
834 | in which case everything will be automatic. |
|
|
835 | |
|
|
836 | =back |
|
|
837 | |
648 | =head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS |
838 | =head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS |
649 | |
839 | |
|
|
840 | These are not normally required to use AnyEvent, but can be useful to |
|
|
841 | write AnyEvent extension modules. |
|
|
842 | |
650 | =over 4 |
843 | =over 4 |
651 | |
844 | |
652 | =item $AnyEvent::MODEL |
845 | =item $AnyEvent::MODEL |
653 | |
846 | |
654 | Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created. Then it |
847 | Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created, before the |
|
|
848 | backend has been autodetected. |
|
|
849 | |
655 | contains the event model that is being used, which is the name of the |
850 | Afterwards it contains the event model that is being used, which is the |
656 | Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one of the |
851 | name of the Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one |
657 | C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the case |
852 | of the C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the |
658 | AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode>). |
853 | case AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode> it |
659 | |
854 | will be C<urxvt::anyevent>). |
660 | The known classes so far are: |
|
|
661 | |
|
|
662 | AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (an interface to libev, best choice). |
|
|
663 | AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, second best choice. |
|
|
664 | AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable. |
|
|
665 | AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, third-best choice. |
|
|
666 | AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very bad choice. |
|
|
667 | AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt, cannot be autoprobed (see its docs). |
|
|
668 | AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse. |
|
|
669 | AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, not generic enough for full support. |
|
|
670 | |
|
|
671 | There is no support for WxWidgets, as WxWidgets has no support for |
|
|
672 | watching file handles. However, you can use WxWidgets through the |
|
|
673 | POE Adaptor, as POE has a Wx backend that simply polls 20 times per |
|
|
674 | second, which was considered to be too horrible to even consider for |
|
|
675 | AnyEvent. Likewise, other POE backends can be used by AnyEvent by using |
|
|
676 | it's adaptor. |
|
|
677 | |
|
|
678 | AnyEvent knows about L<Prima> and L<Wx> and will try to use L<POE> when |
|
|
679 | autodetecting them. |
|
|
680 | |
855 | |
681 | =item AnyEvent::detect |
856 | =item AnyEvent::detect |
682 | |
857 | |
683 | Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model |
858 | Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model |
684 | if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would |
859 | if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would |
685 | have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at |
860 | have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at |
686 | runtime. |
861 | runtime, and not e.g. while initialising of your module. |
|
|
862 | |
|
|
863 | If you need to do some initialisation before AnyEvent watchers are |
|
|
864 | created, use C<post_detect>. |
687 | |
865 | |
688 | =item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK } |
866 | =item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK } |
689 | |
867 | |
690 | Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is |
868 | Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is |
691 | autodetected (or immediately if this has already happened). |
869 | autodetected (or immediately if this has already happened). |
|
|
870 | |
|
|
871 | The block will be executed I<after> the actual backend has been detected |
|
|
872 | (C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> is set), but I<before> any watchers have been |
|
|
873 | created, so it is possible to e.g. patch C<@AnyEvent::ISA> or do |
|
|
874 | other initialisations - see the sources of L<AnyEvent::Strict> or |
|
|
875 | L<AnyEvent::AIO> to see how this is used. |
|
|
876 | |
|
|
877 | The most common usage is to create some global watchers, without forcing |
|
|
878 | event module detection too early, for example, L<AnyEvent::AIO> creates |
|
|
879 | and installs the global L<IO::AIO> watcher in a C<post_detect> block to |
|
|
880 | avoid autodetecting the event module at load time. |
692 | |
881 | |
693 | If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object |
882 | If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object |
694 | that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed. See |
883 | that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed. See |
695 | L<Coro::BDB> for a case where this is useful. |
884 | L<Coro::BDB> for a case where this is useful. |
696 | |
885 | |
… | |
… | |
699 | If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it |
888 | If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it |
700 | before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after |
889 | before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after |
701 | the event loop has been chosen. |
890 | the event loop has been chosen. |
702 | |
891 | |
703 | You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though: |
892 | You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though: |
704 | if it contains a true value then the event loop has already been detected, |
893 | if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the |
705 | and the array will be ignored. |
894 | array will be ignored. |
706 | |
895 | |
707 | Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> instead. |
896 | Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> when your application allows |
|
|
897 | it,as it takes care of these details. |
|
|
898 | |
|
|
899 | This variable is mainly useful for modules that can do something useful |
|
|
900 | when AnyEvent is used and thus want to know when it is initialised, but do |
|
|
901 | not need to even load it by default. This array provides the means to hook |
|
|
902 | into AnyEvent passively, without loading it. |
708 | |
903 | |
709 | =back |
904 | =back |
710 | |
905 | |
711 | =head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE |
906 | =head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE |
712 | |
907 | |
… | |
… | |
767 | |
962 | |
768 | |
963 | |
769 | =head1 OTHER MODULES |
964 | =head1 OTHER MODULES |
770 | |
965 | |
771 | The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use |
966 | The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use |
772 | AnyEvent and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent modules |
967 | AnyEvent as a client and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent |
773 | in the same program. Some of the modules come with AnyEvent, some are |
968 | modules and other event loops in the same program. Some of the modules |
774 | available via CPAN. |
969 | come with AnyEvent, most are available via CPAN. |
775 | |
970 | |
776 | =over 4 |
971 | =over 4 |
777 | |
972 | |
778 | =item L<AnyEvent::Util> |
973 | =item L<AnyEvent::Util> |
779 | |
974 | |
… | |
… | |
788 | |
983 | |
789 | =item L<AnyEvent::Handle> |
984 | =item L<AnyEvent::Handle> |
790 | |
985 | |
791 | Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes, |
986 | Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes, |
792 | supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and |
987 | supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and |
793 | non-blocking SSL/TLS. |
988 | non-blocking SSL/TLS (via L<AnyEvent::TLS>. |
794 | |
989 | |
795 | =item L<AnyEvent::DNS> |
990 | =item L<AnyEvent::DNS> |
796 | |
991 | |
797 | Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities. |
992 | Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities. |
798 | |
993 | |
… | |
… | |
826 | |
1021 | |
827 | =item L<AnyEvent::GPSD> |
1022 | =item L<AnyEvent::GPSD> |
828 | |
1023 | |
829 | A non-blocking interface to gpsd, a daemon delivering GPS information. |
1024 | A non-blocking interface to gpsd, a daemon delivering GPS information. |
830 | |
1025 | |
|
|
1026 | =item L<AnyEvent::IRC> |
|
|
1027 | |
|
|
1028 | AnyEvent based IRC client module family (replacing the older Net::IRC3). |
|
|
1029 | |
|
|
1030 | =item L<AnyEvent::XMPP> |
|
|
1031 | |
|
|
1032 | AnyEvent based XMPP (Jabber protocol) module family (replacing the older |
|
|
1033 | Net::XMPP2>. |
|
|
1034 | |
831 | =item L<AnyEvent::IGS> |
1035 | =item L<AnyEvent::IGS> |
832 | |
1036 | |
833 | A non-blocking interface to the Internet Go Server protocol (used by |
1037 | A non-blocking interface to the Internet Go Server protocol (used by |
834 | L<App::IGS>). |
1038 | L<App::IGS>). |
835 | |
1039 | |
836 | =item L<AnyEvent::IRC> |
|
|
837 | |
|
|
838 | AnyEvent based IRC client module family (replacing the older Net::IRC3). |
|
|
839 | |
|
|
840 | =item L<Net::XMPP2> |
|
|
841 | |
|
|
842 | AnyEvent based XMPP (Jabber protocol) module family. |
|
|
843 | |
|
|
844 | =item L<Net::FCP> |
1040 | =item L<Net::FCP> |
845 | |
1041 | |
846 | AnyEvent-based implementation of the Freenet Client Protocol, birthplace |
1042 | AnyEvent-based implementation of the Freenet Client Protocol, birthplace |
847 | of AnyEvent. |
1043 | of AnyEvent. |
848 | |
1044 | |
… | |
… | |
852 | |
1048 | |
853 | =item L<Coro> |
1049 | =item L<Coro> |
854 | |
1050 | |
855 | Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>. |
1051 | Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>. |
856 | |
1052 | |
857 | =item L<IO::Lambda> |
|
|
858 | |
|
|
859 | The lambda approach to I/O - don't ask, look there. Can use AnyEvent. |
|
|
860 | |
|
|
861 | =back |
1053 | =back |
862 | |
1054 | |
863 | =cut |
1055 | =cut |
864 | |
1056 | |
865 | package AnyEvent; |
1057 | package AnyEvent; |
866 | |
1058 | |
|
|
1059 | # basically a tuned-down version of common::sense |
|
|
1060 | sub common_sense { |
867 | no warnings; |
1061 | # no warnings |
|
|
1062 | ${^WARNING_BITS} ^= ${^WARNING_BITS}; |
868 | use strict qw(vars subs); |
1063 | # use strict vars subs |
|
|
1064 | $^H |= 0x00000600; |
|
|
1065 | } |
869 | |
1066 | |
|
|
1067 | BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense } |
|
|
1068 | |
870 | use Carp; |
1069 | use Carp (); |
871 | |
1070 | |
872 | our $VERSION = 4.341; |
1071 | our $VERSION = 4.85; |
873 | our $MODEL; |
1072 | our $MODEL; |
874 | |
1073 | |
875 | our $AUTOLOAD; |
1074 | our $AUTOLOAD; |
876 | our @ISA; |
1075 | our @ISA; |
877 | |
1076 | |
878 | our @REGISTRY; |
1077 | our @REGISTRY; |
879 | |
1078 | |
880 | our $WIN32; |
1079 | our $WIN32; |
881 | |
1080 | |
|
|
1081 | our $VERBOSE; |
|
|
1082 | |
882 | BEGIN { |
1083 | BEGIN { |
883 | my $win32 = ! ! ($^O =~ /mswin32/i); |
1084 | eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }"; |
884 | eval "sub WIN32(){ $win32 }"; |
1085 | eval "sub TAINT(){ " . (${^TAINT}*1) . " }"; |
885 | } |
|
|
886 | |
1086 | |
|
|
1087 | delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV} |
|
|
1088 | if ${^TAINT}; |
|
|
1089 | |
887 | our $verbose = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1; |
1090 | $VERBOSE = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1; |
|
|
1091 | |
|
|
1092 | } |
|
|
1093 | |
|
|
1094 | our $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY = 10; |
888 | |
1095 | |
889 | our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4|ipv6) => (1|2), higher numbers are preferred |
1096 | our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4|ipv6) => (1|2), higher numbers are preferred |
890 | |
1097 | |
891 | { |
1098 | { |
892 | my $idx; |
1099 | my $idx; |
… | |
… | |
900 | [Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::], |
1107 | [Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::], |
901 | [AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::], |
1108 | [AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::], |
902 | # everything below here will not be autoprobed |
1109 | # everything below here will not be autoprobed |
903 | # as the pureperl backend should work everywhere |
1110 | # as the pureperl backend should work everywhere |
904 | # and is usually faster |
1111 | # and is usually faster |
905 | [Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles |
|
|
906 | [Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers |
1112 | [Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers |
907 | [Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy |
1113 | [Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy |
|
|
1114 | [Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles |
908 | [Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program |
1115 | [Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program |
909 | [POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza |
1116 | [POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza |
910 | [Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
1117 | [Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
911 | [Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
1118 | [Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
|
|
1119 | # IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its |
|
|
1120 | # byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others. |
|
|
1121 | # IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any |
|
|
1122 | # obvious default class. |
|
|
1123 | # [IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program |
|
|
1124 | # [IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program |
|
|
1125 | # [IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program |
912 | ); |
1126 | ); |
913 | |
1127 | |
914 | our %method = map +($_ => 1), qw(io timer time now signal child condvar one_event DESTROY); |
1128 | our %method = map +($_ => 1), |
|
|
1129 | qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY); |
915 | |
1130 | |
916 | our @post_detect; |
1131 | our @post_detect; |
917 | |
1132 | |
918 | sub post_detect(&) { |
1133 | sub post_detect(&) { |
919 | my ($cb) = @_; |
1134 | my ($cb) = @_; |
… | |
… | |
924 | 1 |
1139 | 1 |
925 | } else { |
1140 | } else { |
926 | push @post_detect, $cb; |
1141 | push @post_detect, $cb; |
927 | |
1142 | |
928 | defined wantarray |
1143 | defined wantarray |
929 | ? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::PostDetect" |
1144 | ? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect" |
930 | : () |
1145 | : () |
931 | } |
1146 | } |
932 | } |
1147 | } |
933 | |
1148 | |
934 | sub AnyEvent::Util::PostDetect::DESTROY { |
1149 | sub AnyEvent::Util::postdetect::DESTROY { |
935 | @post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect; |
1150 | @post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect; |
936 | } |
1151 | } |
937 | |
1152 | |
938 | sub detect() { |
1153 | sub detect() { |
939 | unless ($MODEL) { |
1154 | unless ($MODEL) { |
940 | no strict 'refs'; |
|
|
941 | local $SIG{__DIE__}; |
1155 | local $SIG{__DIE__}; |
942 | |
1156 | |
943 | if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) { |
1157 | if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) { |
944 | my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1"; |
1158 | my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1"; |
945 | if (eval "require $model") { |
1159 | if (eval "require $model") { |
946 | $MODEL = $model; |
1160 | $MODEL = $model; |
947 | warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL), using it.\n" if $verbose > 1; |
1161 | warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}), using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2; |
948 | } else { |
1162 | } else { |
949 | warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL):\n$@" if $verbose; |
1163 | warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}):\n$@" if $VERBOSE; |
950 | } |
1164 | } |
951 | } |
1165 | } |
952 | |
1166 | |
953 | # check for already loaded models |
1167 | # check for already loaded models |
954 | unless ($MODEL) { |
1168 | unless ($MODEL) { |
955 | for (@REGISTRY, @models) { |
1169 | for (@REGISTRY, @models) { |
956 | my ($package, $model) = @$_; |
1170 | my ($package, $model) = @$_; |
957 | if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) { |
1171 | if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) { |
958 | if (eval "require $model") { |
1172 | if (eval "require $model") { |
959 | $MODEL = $model; |
1173 | $MODEL = $model; |
960 | warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $verbose > 1; |
1174 | warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2; |
961 | last; |
1175 | last; |
962 | } |
1176 | } |
963 | } |
1177 | } |
964 | } |
1178 | } |
965 | |
1179 | |
… | |
… | |
970 | my ($package, $model) = @$_; |
1184 | my ($package, $model) = @$_; |
971 | if (eval "require $package" |
1185 | if (eval "require $package" |
972 | and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0 |
1186 | and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0 |
973 | and eval "require $model") { |
1187 | and eval "require $model") { |
974 | $MODEL = $model; |
1188 | $MODEL = $model; |
975 | warn "AnyEvent: autoprobed model '$model', using it.\n" if $verbose > 1; |
1189 | warn "AnyEvent: autoprobed model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2; |
976 | last; |
1190 | last; |
977 | } |
1191 | } |
978 | } |
1192 | } |
979 | |
1193 | |
980 | $MODEL |
1194 | $MODEL |
981 | or die "No event module selected for AnyEvent and autodetect failed. Install any one of these modules: EV, Event or Glib."; |
1195 | or die "No event module selected for AnyEvent and autodetect failed. Install any one of these modules: EV, Event or Glib.\n"; |
982 | } |
1196 | } |
983 | } |
1197 | } |
984 | |
1198 | |
985 | push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base"; |
1199 | push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base"; |
986 | |
1200 | |
… | |
… | |
996 | |
1210 | |
997 | sub AUTOLOAD { |
1211 | sub AUTOLOAD { |
998 | (my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://; |
1212 | (my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://; |
999 | |
1213 | |
1000 | $method{$func} |
1214 | $method{$func} |
1001 | or croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects"; |
1215 | or Carp::croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects"; |
1002 | |
1216 | |
1003 | detect unless $MODEL; |
1217 | detect unless $MODEL; |
1004 | |
1218 | |
1005 | my $class = shift; |
1219 | my $class = shift; |
1006 | $class->$func (@_); |
1220 | $class->$func (@_); |
1007 | } |
1221 | } |
1008 | |
1222 | |
1009 | # utility function to dup a filehandle. this is used by many backends |
1223 | # utility function to dup a filehandle. this is used by many backends |
1010 | # to support binding more than one watcher per filehandle (they usually |
1224 | # to support binding more than one watcher per filehandle (they usually |
1011 | # allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one). |
1225 | # allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one). |
1012 | sub _dupfh($$$$) { |
1226 | sub _dupfh($$;$$) { |
1013 | my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_; |
1227 | my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_; |
1014 | |
1228 | |
1015 | # cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't |
1229 | # cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't |
1016 | my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<") |
1230 | my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<&") : ($w, ">&"); |
1017 | : $poll eq "w" ? ($w, ">") |
|
|
1018 | : Carp::croak "AnyEvent->io requires poll set to either 'r' or 'w'"; |
|
|
1019 | |
1231 | |
1020 | open my $fh2, "$mode&" . fileno $fh |
1232 | open my $fh2, $mode, $fh |
1021 | or die "cannot dup() filehandle: $!"; |
1233 | or die "AnyEvent->io: cannot dup() filehandle in mode '$poll': $!,"; |
1022 | |
1234 | |
1023 | # we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases |
1235 | # we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases |
1024 | |
1236 | |
1025 | ($fh2, $rw) |
1237 | ($fh2, $rw) |
1026 | } |
1238 | } |
1027 | |
1239 | |
1028 | package AnyEvent::Base; |
1240 | package AnyEvent::Base; |
1029 | |
1241 | |
1030 | # default implementation for now and time |
1242 | # default implementations for many methods |
1031 | |
1243 | |
1032 | BEGIN { |
1244 | sub _time { |
|
|
1245 | # probe for availability of Time::HiRes |
1033 | if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); time (); 1") { |
1246 | if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") { |
|
|
1247 | warn "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8; |
1034 | *_time = \&Time::HiRes::time; |
1248 | *_time = \&Time::HiRes::time; |
1035 | # if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())... |
1249 | # if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())... |
1036 | } else { |
1250 | } else { |
|
|
1251 | warn "AnyEvent: using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!\n" if $VERBOSE; |
1037 | *_time = sub { time }; # epic fail |
1252 | *_time = sub { time }; # epic fail |
1038 | } |
1253 | } |
|
|
1254 | |
|
|
1255 | &_time |
1039 | } |
1256 | } |
1040 | |
1257 | |
1041 | sub time { _time } |
1258 | sub time { _time } |
1042 | sub now { _time } |
1259 | sub now { _time } |
|
|
1260 | sub now_update { } |
1043 | |
1261 | |
1044 | # default implementation for ->condvar |
1262 | # default implementation for ->condvar |
1045 | |
1263 | |
1046 | sub condvar { |
1264 | sub condvar { |
1047 | bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, AnyEvent::CondVar:: |
1265 | bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar" |
1048 | } |
1266 | } |
1049 | |
1267 | |
1050 | # default implementation for ->signal |
1268 | # default implementation for ->signal |
1051 | |
1269 | |
|
|
1270 | our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT; |
1052 | our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO); |
1271 | our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO); |
|
|
1272 | our (%SIG_ASY, %SIG_ASY_W); |
|
|
1273 | our ($SIG_COUNT, $SIG_TW); |
1053 | |
1274 | |
1054 | sub _signal_exec { |
1275 | sub _signal_exec { |
|
|
1276 | $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT |
|
|
1277 | ? $SIGPIPE_R->drain |
1055 | sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 4; |
1278 | : sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 9; |
1056 | |
1279 | |
1057 | while (%SIG_EV) { |
1280 | while (%SIG_EV) { |
1058 | for (keys %SIG_EV) { |
1281 | for (keys %SIG_EV) { |
1059 | delete $SIG_EV{$_}; |
1282 | delete $SIG_EV{$_}; |
1060 | $_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} || {} }; |
1283 | $_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} || {} }; |
1061 | } |
1284 | } |
1062 | } |
1285 | } |
1063 | } |
1286 | } |
1064 | |
1287 | |
|
|
1288 | # install a dumym wakeupw atcher to reduce signal catching latency |
|
|
1289 | sub _sig_add() { |
|
|
1290 | unless ($SIG_COUNT++) { |
|
|
1291 | # try to align timer on a full-second boundary, if possible |
|
|
1292 | my $NOW = AnyEvent->now; |
|
|
1293 | |
|
|
1294 | $SIG_TW = AnyEvent->timer ( |
|
|
1295 | after => $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY - ($NOW - int $NOW), |
|
|
1296 | interval => $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY, |
|
|
1297 | cb => sub { }, # just for the PERL_ASYNC_CHECK |
|
|
1298 | ); |
|
|
1299 | } |
|
|
1300 | } |
|
|
1301 | |
|
|
1302 | sub _sig_del { |
|
|
1303 | undef $SIG_TW |
|
|
1304 | unless --$SIG_COUNT; |
|
|
1305 | } |
|
|
1306 | |
|
|
1307 | sub _signal { |
|
|
1308 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
|
|
1309 | |
|
|
1310 | my $signal = uc $arg{signal} |
|
|
1311 | or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing"; |
|
|
1312 | |
|
|
1313 | $SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
|
|
1314 | |
|
|
1315 | if ($HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT) { |
|
|
1316 | # async::interrupt |
|
|
1317 | |
|
|
1318 | $SIG_ASY{$signal} ||= do { |
|
|
1319 | my $asy = new Async::Interrupt |
|
|
1320 | cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} }, |
|
|
1321 | signal => $signal, |
|
|
1322 | pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos], |
|
|
1323 | ; |
|
|
1324 | $asy->pipe_autodrain (0); |
|
|
1325 | |
|
|
1326 | $asy |
|
|
1327 | }; |
|
|
1328 | |
|
|
1329 | } else { |
|
|
1330 | # pure perl |
|
|
1331 | |
|
|
1332 | $SIG{$signal} ||= sub { |
|
|
1333 | local $!; |
|
|
1334 | syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV; |
|
|
1335 | undef $SIG_EV{$signal}; |
|
|
1336 | }; |
|
|
1337 | |
|
|
1338 | # can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl, |
|
|
1339 | # so limit the signal latency. |
|
|
1340 | _sig_add; |
|
|
1341 | } |
|
|
1342 | |
|
|
1343 | bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal" |
|
|
1344 | } |
|
|
1345 | |
1065 | sub signal { |
1346 | sub signal { |
1066 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1347 | # probe for availability of Async::Interrupt |
|
|
1348 | if (!$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT} && eval "use Async::Interrupt 0.6 (); 1") { |
|
|
1349 | warn "AnyEvent: using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8; |
1067 | |
1350 | |
1068 | unless ($SIGPIPE_R) { |
1351 | $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT = 1; |
|
|
1352 | $SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe; |
|
|
1353 | $SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec); |
|
|
1354 | |
|
|
1355 | } else { |
|
|
1356 | warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8; |
|
|
1357 | |
|
|
1358 | require Fcntl; |
|
|
1359 | |
1069 | if (AnyEvent::WIN32) { |
1360 | if (AnyEvent::WIN32) { |
|
|
1361 | require AnyEvent::Util; |
|
|
1362 | |
1070 | ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe (); |
1363 | ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe (); |
1071 | AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R) if $SIGPIPE_R; |
1364 | AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R) if $SIGPIPE_R; |
1072 | AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case |
1365 | AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case |
1073 | } else { |
1366 | } else { |
1074 | pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W; |
1367 | pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W; |
1075 | require Fcntl; |
|
|
1076 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R; |
1368 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R; |
1077 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case |
1369 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case |
|
|
1370 | |
|
|
1371 | # not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure... |
|
|
1372 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC; |
|
|
1373 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC; |
1078 | } |
1374 | } |
1079 | |
1375 | |
1080 | $SIGPIPE_R |
1376 | $SIGPIPE_R |
1081 | or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n"; |
1377 | or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n"; |
1082 | |
1378 | |
1083 | $SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec); |
1379 | $SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec); |
1084 | } |
1380 | } |
1085 | |
1381 | |
1086 | my $signal = uc $arg{signal} |
1382 | *signal = \&_signal; |
1087 | or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing"; |
1383 | &signal |
1088 | |
|
|
1089 | $SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
|
|
1090 | $SIG{$signal} ||= sub { |
|
|
1091 | syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV; |
|
|
1092 | undef $SIG_EV{$signal}; |
|
|
1093 | }; |
|
|
1094 | |
|
|
1095 | bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::Signal" |
|
|
1096 | } |
1384 | } |
1097 | |
1385 | |
1098 | sub AnyEvent::Base::Signal::DESTROY { |
1386 | sub AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY { |
1099 | my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
1387 | my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
1100 | |
1388 | |
|
|
1389 | _sig_del; |
|
|
1390 | |
1101 | delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb}; |
1391 | delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb}; |
1102 | |
1392 | |
|
|
1393 | $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT |
|
|
1394 | ? delete $SIG_ASY{$signal} |
|
|
1395 | : # delete doesn't work with older perls - they then |
|
|
1396 | # print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit |
|
|
1397 | # instead of getting the default action. |
|
|
1398 | undef $SIG{$signal} |
1103 | delete $SIG{$signal} unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} }; |
1399 | unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} }; |
1104 | } |
1400 | } |
1105 | |
1401 | |
1106 | # default implementation for ->child |
1402 | # default implementation for ->child |
1107 | |
1403 | |
1108 | our %PID_CB; |
1404 | our %PID_CB; |
1109 | our $CHLD_W; |
1405 | our $CHLD_W; |
1110 | our $CHLD_DELAY_W; |
1406 | our $CHLD_DELAY_W; |
1111 | our $PID_IDLE; |
|
|
1112 | our $WNOHANG; |
1407 | our $WNOHANG; |
1113 | |
1408 | |
1114 | sub _child_wait { |
1409 | sub _sigchld { |
1115 | while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) { |
1410 | while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) { |
|
|
1411 | $_->($pid, $?) |
1116 | $_->($pid, $?) for (values %{ $PID_CB{$pid} || {} }), |
1412 | for values %{ $PID_CB{$pid} || {} }, |
1117 | (values %{ $PID_CB{0} || {} }); |
1413 | values %{ $PID_CB{0} || {} }; |
1118 | } |
1414 | } |
1119 | |
|
|
1120 | undef $PID_IDLE; |
|
|
1121 | } |
|
|
1122 | |
|
|
1123 | sub _sigchld { |
|
|
1124 | # make sure we deliver these changes "synchronous" with the event loop. |
|
|
1125 | $CHLD_DELAY_W ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => 0, cb => sub { |
|
|
1126 | undef $CHLD_DELAY_W; |
|
|
1127 | &_child_wait; |
|
|
1128 | }); |
|
|
1129 | } |
1415 | } |
1130 | |
1416 | |
1131 | sub child { |
1417 | sub child { |
1132 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1418 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1133 | |
1419 | |
1134 | defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0) |
1420 | defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0) |
1135 | or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing"; |
1421 | or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing"; |
1136 | |
1422 | |
1137 | $PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
1423 | $PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
1138 | |
1424 | |
1139 | unless ($WNOHANG) { |
1425 | # WNOHANG is almost cetrainly 1 everywhere |
|
|
1426 | $WNOHANG ||= $^O =~ /^(?:openbsd|netbsd|linux|freebsd|cygwin|MSWin32)$/ |
|
|
1427 | ? 1 |
1140 | $WNOHANG = eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } || 1; |
1428 | : eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } || 1; |
1141 | } |
|
|
1142 | |
1429 | |
1143 | unless ($CHLD_W) { |
1430 | unless ($CHLD_W) { |
1144 | $CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld); |
1431 | $CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld); |
1145 | # child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round |
1432 | # child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round |
1146 | &_sigchld; |
1433 | &_sigchld; |
1147 | } |
1434 | } |
1148 | |
1435 | |
1149 | bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::Child" |
1436 | bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child" |
1150 | } |
1437 | } |
1151 | |
1438 | |
1152 | sub AnyEvent::Base::Child::DESTROY { |
1439 | sub AnyEvent::Base::child::DESTROY { |
1153 | my ($pid, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
1440 | my ($pid, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
1154 | |
1441 | |
1155 | delete $PID_CB{$pid}{$cb}; |
1442 | delete $PID_CB{$pid}{$cb}; |
1156 | delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} }; |
1443 | delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} }; |
1157 | |
1444 | |
1158 | undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB; |
1445 | undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB; |
1159 | } |
1446 | } |
1160 | |
1447 | |
|
|
1448 | # idle emulation is done by simply using a timer, regardless |
|
|
1449 | # of whether the process is idle or not, and not letting |
|
|
1450 | # the callback use more than 50% of the time. |
|
|
1451 | sub idle { |
|
|
1452 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
|
|
1453 | |
|
|
1454 | my ($cb, $w, $rcb) = $arg{cb}; |
|
|
1455 | |
|
|
1456 | $rcb = sub { |
|
|
1457 | if ($cb) { |
|
|
1458 | $w = _time; |
|
|
1459 | &$cb; |
|
|
1460 | $w = _time - $w; |
|
|
1461 | |
|
|
1462 | # never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher, |
|
|
1463 | # within some limits |
|
|
1464 | $w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001; |
|
|
1465 | $w = 5 if $w > 5; |
|
|
1466 | |
|
|
1467 | $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $w, cb => $rcb); |
|
|
1468 | } else { |
|
|
1469 | # clean up... |
|
|
1470 | undef $w; |
|
|
1471 | undef $rcb; |
|
|
1472 | } |
|
|
1473 | }; |
|
|
1474 | |
|
|
1475 | $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 0.05, cb => $rcb); |
|
|
1476 | |
|
|
1477 | bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle" |
|
|
1478 | } |
|
|
1479 | |
|
|
1480 | sub AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY { |
|
|
1481 | undef $${$_[0]}; |
|
|
1482 | } |
|
|
1483 | |
1161 | package AnyEvent::CondVar; |
1484 | package AnyEvent::CondVar; |
1162 | |
1485 | |
1163 | our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::; |
1486 | our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::; |
1164 | |
1487 | |
1165 | package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base; |
1488 | package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base; |
1166 | |
1489 | |
1167 | use overload |
1490 | #use overload |
1168 | '&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } }, |
1491 | # '&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } }, |
1169 | fallback => 1; |
1492 | # fallback => 1; |
|
|
1493 | |
|
|
1494 | # save 300+ kilobytes by dirtily hardcoding overloading |
|
|
1495 | ${"AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::OVERLOAD"}{dummy}++; # Register with magic by touching. |
|
|
1496 | *{'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::()'} = sub { }; # "Make it findable via fetchmethod." |
|
|
1497 | *{'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::(&{}'} = sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } }; # &{} |
|
|
1498 | ${'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::()'} = 1; # fallback |
|
|
1499 | |
|
|
1500 | our $WAITING; |
1170 | |
1501 | |
1171 | sub _send { |
1502 | sub _send { |
1172 | # nop |
1503 | # nop |
1173 | } |
1504 | } |
1174 | |
1505 | |
… | |
… | |
1187 | sub ready { |
1518 | sub ready { |
1188 | $_[0]{_ae_sent} |
1519 | $_[0]{_ae_sent} |
1189 | } |
1520 | } |
1190 | |
1521 | |
1191 | sub _wait { |
1522 | sub _wait { |
|
|
1523 | $WAITING |
|
|
1524 | and !$_[0]{_ae_sent} |
|
|
1525 | and Carp::croak "AnyEvent::CondVar: recursive blocking wait detected"; |
|
|
1526 | |
|
|
1527 | local $WAITING = 1; |
1192 | AnyEvent->one_event while !$_[0]{_ae_sent}; |
1528 | AnyEvent->one_event while !$_[0]{_ae_sent}; |
1193 | } |
1529 | } |
1194 | |
1530 | |
1195 | sub recv { |
1531 | sub recv { |
1196 | $_[0]->_wait; |
1532 | $_[0]->_wait; |
… | |
… | |
1237 | so on. |
1573 | so on. |
1238 | |
1574 | |
1239 | =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES |
1575 | =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES |
1240 | |
1576 | |
1241 | The following environment variables are used by this module or its |
1577 | The following environment variables are used by this module or its |
1242 | submodules: |
1578 | submodules. |
|
|
1579 | |
|
|
1580 | Note that AnyEvent will remove I<all> environment variables starting with |
|
|
1581 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_> from C<%ENV> when it is loaded while taint mode is |
|
|
1582 | enabled. |
1243 | |
1583 | |
1244 | =over 4 |
1584 | =over 4 |
1245 | |
1585 | |
1246 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE> |
1586 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE> |
1247 | |
1587 | |
… | |
… | |
1254 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>. |
1594 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>. |
1255 | |
1595 | |
1256 | When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event |
1596 | When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event |
1257 | model it chooses. |
1597 | model it chooses. |
1258 | |
1598 | |
|
|
1599 | When set to C<8> or higher, then AnyEvent will report extra information on |
|
|
1600 | which optional modules it loads and how it implements certain features. |
|
|
1601 | |
1259 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT> |
1602 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT> |
1260 | |
1603 | |
1261 | AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough |
1604 | AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough |
1262 | argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value |
1605 | argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value |
1263 | will cause AnyEvent to load C<AnyEvent::Strict> and then to thoroughly |
1606 | will cause AnyEvent to load C<AnyEvent::Strict> and then to thoroughly |
1264 | check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems |
1607 | check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems, |
1265 | it will croak. |
1608 | it will croak. |
1266 | |
1609 | |
1267 | In other words, enables "strict" mode. |
1610 | In other words, enables "strict" mode. |
1268 | |
1611 | |
1269 | Unlike C<use strict>, it is definitely recommended ot keep it off in |
1612 | Unlike C<use strict> (or it's modern cousin, C<< use L<common::sense> |
1270 | production. Keeping C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while |
1613 | >>, it is definitely recommended to keep it off in production. Keeping |
1271 | developing programs can be very useful, however. |
1614 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while developing programs |
|
|
1615 | can be very useful, however. |
1272 | |
1616 | |
1273 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL> |
1617 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL> |
1274 | |
1618 | |
1275 | This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before |
1619 | This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before |
1276 | auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting |
1620 | auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting |
… | |
… | |
1319 | |
1663 | |
1320 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS> |
1664 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS> |
1321 | |
1665 | |
1322 | The maximum number of child processes that C<AnyEvent::Util::fork_call> |
1666 | The maximum number of child processes that C<AnyEvent::Util::fork_call> |
1323 | will create in parallel. |
1667 | will create in parallel. |
|
|
1668 | |
|
|
1669 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_OUTSTANDING_DNS> |
|
|
1670 | |
|
|
1671 | The default value for the C<max_outstanding> parameter for the default DNS |
|
|
1672 | resolver - this is the maximum number of parallel DNS requests that are |
|
|
1673 | sent to the DNS server. |
|
|
1674 | |
|
|
1675 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_RESOLV_CONF> |
|
|
1676 | |
|
|
1677 | The file to use instead of F</etc/resolv.conf> (or OS-specific |
|
|
1678 | configuration) in the default resolver. When set to the empty string, no |
|
|
1679 | default config will be used. |
|
|
1680 | |
|
|
1681 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_FILE>, C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_PATH>. |
|
|
1682 | |
|
|
1683 | When neither C<ca_file> nor C<ca_path> was specified during |
|
|
1684 | L<AnyEvent::TLS> context creation, and either of these environment |
|
|
1685 | variables exist, they will be used to specify CA certificate locations |
|
|
1686 | instead of a system-dependent default. |
|
|
1687 | |
|
|
1688 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_GUARD> and C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT> |
|
|
1689 | |
|
|
1690 | When these are set to C<1>, then the respective modules are not |
|
|
1691 | loaded. Mostly good for testing AnyEvent itself. |
1324 | |
1692 | |
1325 | =back |
1693 | =back |
1326 | |
1694 | |
1327 | =head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE |
1695 | =head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE |
1328 | |
1696 | |
… | |
… | |
1573 | EV/Any 100000 224 2.88 0.34 0.27 EV + AnyEvent watchers |
1941 | EV/Any 100000 224 2.88 0.34 0.27 EV + AnyEvent watchers |
1574 | CoroEV/Any 100000 224 2.85 0.35 0.28 coroutines + Coro::Signal |
1942 | CoroEV/Any 100000 224 2.85 0.35 0.28 coroutines + Coro::Signal |
1575 | Perl/Any 100000 452 4.13 0.73 0.95 pure perl implementation |
1943 | Perl/Any 100000 452 4.13 0.73 0.95 pure perl implementation |
1576 | Event/Event 16000 517 32.20 31.80 0.81 Event native interface |
1944 | Event/Event 16000 517 32.20 31.80 0.81 Event native interface |
1577 | Event/Any 16000 590 35.85 31.55 1.06 Event + AnyEvent watchers |
1945 | Event/Any 16000 590 35.85 31.55 1.06 Event + AnyEvent watchers |
|
|
1946 | IOAsync/Any 16000 989 38.10 32.77 11.13 via IO::Async::Loop::IO_Poll |
|
|
1947 | IOAsync/Any 16000 990 37.59 29.50 10.61 via IO::Async::Loop::Epoll |
1578 | Glib/Any 16000 1357 102.33 12.31 51.00 quadratic behaviour |
1948 | Glib/Any 16000 1357 102.33 12.31 51.00 quadratic behaviour |
1579 | Tk/Any 2000 1860 27.20 66.31 14.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers |
1949 | Tk/Any 2000 1860 27.20 66.31 14.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers |
1580 | POE/Event 2000 6328 109.99 751.67 14.02 via POE::Loop::Event |
1950 | POE/Event 2000 6328 109.99 751.67 14.02 via POE::Loop::Event |
1581 | POE/Select 2000 6027 94.54 809.13 579.80 via POE::Loop::Select |
1951 | POE/Select 2000 6027 94.54 809.13 579.80 via POE::Loop::Select |
1582 | |
1952 | |
… | |
… | |
1611 | performance becomes really bad with lots of file descriptors (and few of |
1981 | performance becomes really bad with lots of file descriptors (and few of |
1612 | them active), of course, but this was not subject of this benchmark. |
1982 | them active), of course, but this was not subject of this benchmark. |
1613 | |
1983 | |
1614 | The C<Event> module has a relatively high setup and callback invocation |
1984 | The C<Event> module has a relatively high setup and callback invocation |
1615 | cost, but overall scores in on the third place. |
1985 | cost, but overall scores in on the third place. |
|
|
1986 | |
|
|
1987 | C<IO::Async> performs admirably well, about on par with C<Event>, even |
|
|
1988 | when using its pure perl backend. |
1616 | |
1989 | |
1617 | C<Glib>'s memory usage is quite a bit higher, but it features a |
1990 | C<Glib>'s memory usage is quite a bit higher, but it features a |
1618 | faster callback invocation and overall ends up in the same class as |
1991 | faster callback invocation and overall ends up in the same class as |
1619 | C<Event>. However, Glib scales extremely badly, doubling the number of |
1992 | C<Event>. However, Glib scales extremely badly, doubling the number of |
1620 | watchers increases the processing time by more than a factor of four, |
1993 | watchers increases the processing time by more than a factor of four, |
… | |
… | |
1698 | it to another server. This includes deleting the old timeout and creating |
2071 | it to another server. This includes deleting the old timeout and creating |
1699 | a new one that moves the timeout into the future. |
2072 | a new one that moves the timeout into the future. |
1700 | |
2073 | |
1701 | =head3 Results |
2074 | =head3 Results |
1702 | |
2075 | |
1703 | name sockets create request |
2076 | name sockets create request |
1704 | EV 20000 69.01 11.16 |
2077 | EV 20000 69.01 11.16 |
1705 | Perl 20000 73.32 35.87 |
2078 | Perl 20000 73.32 35.87 |
|
|
2079 | IOAsync 20000 157.00 98.14 epoll |
|
|
2080 | IOAsync 20000 159.31 616.06 poll |
1706 | Event 20000 212.62 257.32 |
2081 | Event 20000 212.62 257.32 |
1707 | Glib 20000 651.16 1896.30 |
2082 | Glib 20000 651.16 1896.30 |
1708 | POE 20000 349.67 12317.24 uses POE::Loop::Event |
2083 | POE 20000 349.67 12317.24 uses POE::Loop::Event |
1709 | |
2084 | |
1710 | =head3 Discussion |
2085 | =head3 Discussion |
1711 | |
2086 | |
1712 | This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the |
2087 | This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the |
1713 | particular event loop. |
2088 | particular event loop. |
… | |
… | |
1715 | EV is again fastest. Since it is using epoll on my system, the setup time |
2090 | EV is again fastest. Since it is using epoll on my system, the setup time |
1716 | is relatively high, though. |
2091 | is relatively high, though. |
1717 | |
2092 | |
1718 | Perl surprisingly comes second. It is much faster than the C-based event |
2093 | Perl surprisingly comes second. It is much faster than the C-based event |
1719 | loops Event and Glib. |
2094 | loops Event and Glib. |
|
|
2095 | |
|
|
2096 | IO::Async performs very well when using its epoll backend, and still quite |
|
|
2097 | good compared to Glib when using its pure perl backend. |
1720 | |
2098 | |
1721 | Event suffers from high setup time as well (look at its code and you will |
2099 | Event suffers from high setup time as well (look at its code and you will |
1722 | understand why). Callback invocation also has a high overhead compared to |
2100 | understand why). Callback invocation also has a high overhead compared to |
1723 | the C<< $_->() for .. >>-style loop that the Perl event loop uses. Event |
2101 | the C<< $_->() for .. >>-style loop that the Perl event loop uses. Event |
1724 | uses select or poll in basically all documented configurations. |
2102 | uses select or poll in basically all documented configurations. |
… | |
… | |
1787 | =item * C-based event loops perform very well with small number of |
2165 | =item * C-based event loops perform very well with small number of |
1788 | watchers, as the management overhead dominates. |
2166 | watchers, as the management overhead dominates. |
1789 | |
2167 | |
1790 | =back |
2168 | =back |
1791 | |
2169 | |
|
|
2170 | =head2 THE IO::Lambda BENCHMARK |
|
|
2171 | |
|
|
2172 | Recently I was told about the benchmark in the IO::Lambda manpage, which |
|
|
2173 | could be misinterpreted to make AnyEvent look bad. In fact, the benchmark |
|
|
2174 | simply compares IO::Lambda with POE, and IO::Lambda looks better (which |
|
|
2175 | shouldn't come as a surprise to anybody). As such, the benchmark is |
|
|
2176 | fine, and mostly shows that the AnyEvent backend from IO::Lambda isn't |
|
|
2177 | very optimal. But how would AnyEvent compare when used without the extra |
|
|
2178 | baggage? To explore this, I wrote the equivalent benchmark for AnyEvent. |
|
|
2179 | |
|
|
2180 | The benchmark itself creates an echo-server, and then, for 500 times, |
|
|
2181 | connects to the echo server, sends a line, waits for the reply, and then |
|
|
2182 | creates the next connection. This is a rather bad benchmark, as it doesn't |
|
|
2183 | test the efficiency of the framework or much non-blocking I/O, but it is a |
|
|
2184 | benchmark nevertheless. |
|
|
2185 | |
|
|
2186 | name runtime |
|
|
2187 | Lambda/select 0.330 sec |
|
|
2188 | + optimized 0.122 sec |
|
|
2189 | Lambda/AnyEvent 0.327 sec |
|
|
2190 | + optimized 0.138 sec |
|
|
2191 | Raw sockets/select 0.077 sec |
|
|
2192 | POE/select, components 0.662 sec |
|
|
2193 | POE/select, raw sockets 0.226 sec |
|
|
2194 | POE/select, optimized 0.404 sec |
|
|
2195 | |
|
|
2196 | AnyEvent/select/nb 0.085 sec |
|
|
2197 | AnyEvent/EV/nb 0.068 sec |
|
|
2198 | +state machine 0.134 sec |
|
|
2199 | |
|
|
2200 | The benchmark is also a bit unfair (my fault): the IO::Lambda/POE |
|
|
2201 | benchmarks actually make blocking connects and use 100% blocking I/O, |
|
|
2202 | defeating the purpose of an event-based solution. All of the newly |
|
|
2203 | written AnyEvent benchmarks use 100% non-blocking connects (using |
|
|
2204 | AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect and the asynchronous pure perl DNS |
|
|
2205 | resolver), so AnyEvent is at a disadvantage here, as non-blocking connects |
|
|
2206 | generally require a lot more bookkeeping and event handling than blocking |
|
|
2207 | connects (which involve a single syscall only). |
|
|
2208 | |
|
|
2209 | The last AnyEvent benchmark additionally uses L<AnyEvent::Handle>, which |
|
|
2210 | offers similar expressive power as POE and IO::Lambda, using conventional |
|
|
2211 | Perl syntax. This means that both the echo server and the client are 100% |
|
|
2212 | non-blocking, further placing it at a disadvantage. |
|
|
2213 | |
|
|
2214 | As you can see, the AnyEvent + EV combination even beats the |
|
|
2215 | hand-optimised "raw sockets benchmark", while AnyEvent + its pure perl |
|
|
2216 | backend easily beats IO::Lambda and POE. |
|
|
2217 | |
|
|
2218 | And even the 100% non-blocking version written using the high-level (and |
|
|
2219 | slow :) L<AnyEvent::Handle> abstraction beats both POE and IO::Lambda by a |
|
|
2220 | large margin, even though it does all of DNS, tcp-connect and socket I/O |
|
|
2221 | in a non-blocking way. |
|
|
2222 | |
|
|
2223 | The two AnyEvent benchmarks programs can be found as F<eg/ae0.pl> and |
|
|
2224 | F<eg/ae2.pl> in the AnyEvent distribution, the remaining benchmarks are |
|
|
2225 | part of the IO::lambda distribution and were used without any changes. |
|
|
2226 | |
1792 | |
2227 | |
1793 | =head1 SIGNALS |
2228 | =head1 SIGNALS |
1794 | |
2229 | |
1795 | AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals: |
2230 | AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals: |
1796 | |
2231 | |
… | |
… | |
1799 | =item SIGCHLD |
2234 | =item SIGCHLD |
1800 | |
2235 | |
1801 | A handler for C<SIGCHLD> is installed by AnyEvent's child watcher |
2236 | A handler for C<SIGCHLD> is installed by AnyEvent's child watcher |
1802 | emulation for event loops that do not support them natively. Also, some |
2237 | emulation for event loops that do not support them natively. Also, some |
1803 | event loops install a similar handler. |
2238 | event loops install a similar handler. |
|
|
2239 | |
|
|
2240 | Additionally, when AnyEvent is loaded and SIGCHLD is set to IGNORE, then |
|
|
2241 | AnyEvent will reset it to default, to avoid losing child exit statuses. |
1804 | |
2242 | |
1805 | =item SIGPIPE |
2243 | =item SIGPIPE |
1806 | |
2244 | |
1807 | A no-op handler is installed for C<SIGPIPE> when C<$SIG{PIPE}> is C<undef> |
2245 | A no-op handler is installed for C<SIGPIPE> when C<$SIG{PIPE}> is C<undef> |
1808 | when AnyEvent gets loaded. |
2246 | when AnyEvent gets loaded. |
… | |
… | |
1820 | |
2258 | |
1821 | =back |
2259 | =back |
1822 | |
2260 | |
1823 | =cut |
2261 | =cut |
1824 | |
2262 | |
|
|
2263 | undef $SIG{CHLD} |
|
|
2264 | if $SIG{CHLD} eq 'IGNORE'; |
|
|
2265 | |
1825 | $SIG{PIPE} = sub { } |
2266 | $SIG{PIPE} = sub { } |
1826 | unless defined $SIG{PIPE}; |
2267 | unless defined $SIG{PIPE}; |
|
|
2268 | |
|
|
2269 | =head1 RECOMMENDED/OPTIONAL MODULES |
|
|
2270 | |
|
|
2271 | One of AnyEvent's main goals is to be 100% Pure-Perl(tm): only perl (and |
|
|
2272 | it's built-in modules) are required to use it. |
|
|
2273 | |
|
|
2274 | That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional |
|
|
2275 | modules if they are installed. |
|
|
2276 | |
|
|
2277 | This section epxlains which additional modules will be used, and how they |
|
|
2278 | affect AnyEvent's operetion. |
|
|
2279 | |
|
|
2280 | =over 4 |
|
|
2281 | |
|
|
2282 | =item L<Async::Interrupt> |
|
|
2283 | |
|
|
2284 | This slightly arcane module is used to implement fast signal handling: To |
|
|
2285 | my knowledge, there is no way to do completely race-free and quick |
|
|
2286 | signal handling in pure perl. To ensure that signals still get |
|
|
2287 | delivered, AnyEvent will start an interval timer to wake up perl (and |
|
|
2288 | catch the signals) with some delay (default is 10 seconds, look for |
|
|
2289 | C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>). |
|
|
2290 | |
|
|
2291 | If this module is available, then it will be used to implement signal |
|
|
2292 | catching, which means that signals will not be delayed, and the event loop |
|
|
2293 | will not be interrupted regularly, which is more efficient (And good for |
|
|
2294 | battery life on laptops). |
|
|
2295 | |
|
|
2296 | This affects not just the pure-perl event loop, but also other event loops |
|
|
2297 | that have no signal handling on their own (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt). |
|
|
2298 | |
|
|
2299 | Some event loops (POE, Event, Event::Lib) offer signal watchers natively, |
|
|
2300 | and either employ their own workarounds (POE) or use AnyEvent's workaround |
|
|
2301 | (using C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>). Installing L<Async::Interrupt> |
|
|
2302 | does nothing for those backends. |
|
|
2303 | |
|
|
2304 | =item L<EV> |
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2305 | |
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2306 | This module isn't really "optional", as it is simply one of the backend |
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2307 | event loops that AnyEvent can use. However, it is simply the best event |
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2308 | loop available in terms of features, speed and stability: It supports |
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2309 | the AnyEvent API optimally, implements all the watcher types in XS, does |
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2310 | automatic timer adjustments even when no monotonic clock is available, |
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2311 | can take avdantage of advanced kernel interfaces such as C<epoll> and |
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2312 | C<kqueue>, and is the fastest backend I<by far>. You can even embed |
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2313 | L<Glib>/L<Gtk2> in it (or vice versa, see L<EV::Glib> and L<Glib::EV>). |
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2314 | |
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2315 | =item L<Guard> |
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2316 | |
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2317 | The guard module, when used, will be used to implement |
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2318 | C<AnyEvent::Util::guard>. This speeds up guards considerably (and uses a |
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2319 | lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is |
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2320 | purely used for performance. |
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2321 | |
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2322 | =item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS> |
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2323 | |
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2324 | This module is required when you want to read or write JSON data via |
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2325 | L<AnyEvent::Handle>. It is also written in pure-perl, but can take |
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2326 | advantage of the ultra-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed. |
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2327 | |
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2328 | In fact, L<AnyEvent::Handle> will use L<JSON::XS> by default if it is |
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2329 | installed. |
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2330 | |
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2331 | =item L<Net::SSLeay> |
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2332 | |
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2333 | Implementing TLS/SSL in Perl is certainly interesting, but not very |
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2334 | worthwhile: If this module is installed, then L<AnyEvent::Handle> (with |
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2335 | the help of L<AnyEvent::TLS>), gains the ability to do TLS/SSL. |
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2336 | |
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2337 | =item L<Time::HiRes> |
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2338 | |
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2339 | This module is part of perl since release 5.008. It will be used when the |
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2340 | chosen event library does not come with a timing source on it's own. The |
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2341 | pure-perl event loop (L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) will additionally use it to |
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2342 | try to use a monotonic clock for timing stability. |
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2343 | |
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2344 | =back |
1827 | |
2345 | |
1828 | |
2346 | |
1829 | =head1 FORK |
2347 | =head1 FORK |
1830 | |
2348 | |
1831 | Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are |
2349 | Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are |
1832 | because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll> |
2350 | because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll> |
1833 | calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware. |
2351 | calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware. |
1834 | |
2352 | |
1835 | If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first |
2353 | If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first |
1836 | watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child. |
2354 | watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child OR you must do |
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2355 | something completely out of the scope of AnyEvent. |
1837 | |
2356 | |
1838 | |
2357 | |
1839 | =head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS |
2358 | =head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS |
1840 | |
2359 | |
1841 | AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via |
2360 | AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via |
… | |
… | |
1853 | use AnyEvent; |
2372 | use AnyEvent; |
1854 | |
2373 | |
1855 | Similar considerations apply to $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}, as that can |
2374 | Similar considerations apply to $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}, as that can |
1856 | be used to probe what backend is used and gain other information (which is |
2375 | be used to probe what backend is used and gain other information (which is |
1857 | probably even less useful to an attacker than PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL), and |
2376 | probably even less useful to an attacker than PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL), and |
1858 | $ENV{PERL_ANYEGENT_STRICT}. |
2377 | $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT}. |
|
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2378 | |
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2379 | Note that AnyEvent will remove I<all> environment variables starting with |
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|
2380 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_> from C<%ENV> when it is loaded while taint mode is |
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2381 | enabled. |
1859 | |
2382 | |
1860 | |
2383 | |
1861 | =head1 BUGS |
2384 | =head1 BUGS |
1862 | |
2385 | |
1863 | Perl 5.8 has numerous memleaks that sometimes hit this module and are hard |
2386 | Perl 5.8 has numerous memleaks that sometimes hit this module and are hard |
… | |
… | |
1875 | L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>. |
2398 | L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>. |
1876 | |
2399 | |
1877 | Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>, |
2400 | Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>, |
1878 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>, |
2401 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>, |
1879 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>, |
2402 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>, |
1880 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>. |
2403 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>. |
1881 | |
2404 | |
1882 | Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and |
2405 | Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and |
1883 | servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>. |
2406 | servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>. |
1884 | |
2407 | |
1885 | Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>. |
2408 | Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>. |
1886 | |
2409 | |
1887 | Coroutine support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>, L<Coro::Event>, |
2410 | Coroutine support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>, |
|
|
2411 | L<Coro::Event>, |
1888 | |
2412 | |
1889 | Nontrivial usage examples: L<Net::FCP>, L<Net::XMPP2>, L<AnyEvent::DNS>. |
2413 | Nontrivial usage examples: L<AnyEvent::GPSD>, L<AnyEvent::XMPP>, |
|
|
2414 | L<AnyEvent::HTTP>. |
1890 | |
2415 | |
1891 | |
2416 | |
1892 | =head1 AUTHOR |
2417 | =head1 AUTHOR |
1893 | |
2418 | |
1894 | Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
2419 | Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |