[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm

Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.213 by root, Sat Jun 20 07:14:35 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.249 by root, Mon Jul 20 06:00:42 2009 UTC

…		…
1	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
2		2
3	AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops	3	AnyEvent - events independent of event loop implementation
4		4
5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt and POE are various supported	5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt and POE are various supported
6	event loops.	6	event loops.
7		7
8	=head1 SYNOPSIS	8	=head1 SYNOPSIS
40	=head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL	40	=head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL
41		41
42	This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested	42	This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested
43	in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the	43	in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the
44	L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage.	44	L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage.
		45
		46	=head1 SUPPORT
		47
		48	There is a mailinglist for discussing all things AnyEvent, and an IRC
		49	channel, too.
		50
		51	See the AnyEvent project page at the B<Schmorpforge Ta-Sa Software
		52	Respository>, at L<http://anyevent.schmorp.de>, for more info.
45		53
46	=head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT)	54	=head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT)
47		55
48	Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen	56	Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen
49	nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent?	57	nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent?
…		…
176	=head2 I/O WATCHERS	184	=head2 I/O WATCHERS
177		185
178	You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method	186	You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method
179	with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:	187	with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:
180		188
181	C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (I<not> file descriptor) to watch	189	C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch
182	for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file	190	for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file
183	handle). Note that only file handles pointing to things for which	191	handle). Note that only file handles pointing to things for which
184	non-blocking operation makes sense are allowed. This includes sockets,	192	non-blocking operation makes sense are allowed. This includes sockets,
185	most character devices, pipes, fifos and so on, but not for example files	193	most character devices, pipes, fifos and so on, but not for example files
186	or block devices.	194	or block devices.
…		…
361	invocation, and callback invocation will be synchronous. Synchronous means	369	invocation, and callback invocation will be synchronous. Synchronous means
362	that it might take a while until the signal gets handled by the process,	370	that it might take a while until the signal gets handled by the process,
363	but it is guaranteed not to interrupt any other callbacks.	371	but it is guaranteed not to interrupt any other callbacks.
364		372
365	The main advantage of using these watchers is that you can share a signal	373	The main advantage of using these watchers is that you can share a signal
366	between multiple watchers.	374	between multiple watchers, and AnyEvent will ensure that signals will not
		375	interrupt your program at bad times.
367		376
368	This watcher might use C<%SIG>, so programs overwriting those signals	377	This watcher might use C<%SIG> (depending on the event loop used),
369	directly will likely not work correctly.	378	so programs overwriting those signals directly will likely not work
		379	correctly.
370		380
371	Example: exit on SIGINT	381	Example: exit on SIGINT
372		382
373	my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 });	383	my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 });
		384
		385	=head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds
		386
		387	Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support attaching
		388	callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot do
		389	race-free signal handling in perl. AnyEvent will try to do it's best, but
		390	in some cases, signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might
		391	be delayed is specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10
		392	seconds). This variable can be changed only before the first signal
		393	watcher is created, and should be left alone otherwise. Higher values
		394	will cause fewer spurious wake-ups, which is better for power and CPU
		395	saving. All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional
		396	L<Async::Interrupt> module. This will not work with inherently broken
		397	event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib> (and not with L<POE>
		398	currently, as POE does it's own workaround with one-second latency). With
		399	those, you just have to suffer the delays.
374		400
375	=head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS	401	=head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS
376		402
377	You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status.	403	You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status.
378		404
…		…
392		418
393	There is a slight catch to child watchers, however: you usually start them	419	There is a slight catch to child watchers, however: you usually start them
394	I<after> the child process was created, and this means the process could	420	I<after> the child process was created, and this means the process could
395	have exited already (and no SIGCHLD will be sent anymore).	421	have exited already (and no SIGCHLD will be sent anymore).
396		422
397	Not all event models handle this correctly (POE doesn't), but even for	423	Not all event models handle this correctly (neither POE nor IO::Async do,
		424	see their AnyEvent::Impl manpages for details), but even for event models
398	event models that I<do> handle this correctly, they usually need to be	425	that I<do> handle this correctly, they usually need to be loaded before
399	loaded before the process exits (i.e. before you fork in the first place).	426	the process exits (i.e. before you fork in the first place). AnyEvent's
		427	pure perl event loop handles all cases correctly regardless of when you
		428	start the watcher.
400		429
401	This means you cannot create a child watcher as the very first thing in an	430	This means you cannot create a child watcher as the very first
402	AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one watcher before you	431	thing in an AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one
403	C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call C<AnyEvent::detect>).	432	watcher before you C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call
		433	C<AnyEvent::detect>).
		434
		435	As most event loops do not support waiting for child events, they will be
		436	emulated by AnyEvent in most cases, in which the latency and race problems
		437	mentioned in the description of signal watchers apply.
404		438
405	Example: fork a process and wait for it	439	Example: fork a process and wait for it
406		440
407	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;	441	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;
408		442
…		…
459		493
460	If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them	494	If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them
461	require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that	495	require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that
462	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.	496	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.
463		497
464	AnyEvent is different, it expects somebody else to run the event loop and	498	AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event
465	will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user).	499	loop and will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user).
466		500
467	The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called	501	The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called
468	because they represent a condition that must become true.	502	because they represent a condition that must become true.
469		503
		504	Now is probably a good time to look at the examples further below.
		505
470	Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar	506	Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar
471	>> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is	507	>> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is
472
473	C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable	508	C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable
474	becomes true, with the condition variable as the first argument (but not	509	becomes true, with the condition variable as the first argument (but not
475	the results).	510	the results).
476		511
477	After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true"	512	After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true"
…		…
526	after => 1,	561	after => 1,
527	cb => sub { $result_ready->send },	562	cb => sub { $result_ready->send },
528	);	563	);
529		564
530	# this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback	565	# this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback
531	# calls send	566	# calls -<send
532	$result_ready->recv;	567	$result_ready->recv;
533		568
534	Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that	569	Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition
535	condition variables are also code references.	570	variables are also callable directly.
536		571
537	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;	572	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;
538	my $delay = AnyEvent->timer (after => 5, cb => $done);	573	my $delay = AnyEvent->timer (after => 5, cb => $done);
539	$done->recv;	574	$done->recv;
540		575
…		…
546		581
547	...	582	...
548		583
549	my @info = $couchdb->info->recv;	584	my @info = $couchdb->info->recv;
550		585
551	And this is how you would just ste a callback to be called whenever the	586	And this is how you would just set a callback to be called whenever the
552	results are available:	587	results are available:
553		588
554	$couchdb->info->cb (sub {	589	$couchdb->info->cb (sub {
555	my @info = $_[0]->recv;	590	my @info = $_[0]->recv;
556	});	591	});
…		…
574	immediately from within send.	609	immediately from within send.
575		610
576	Any arguments passed to the C<send> call will be returned by all	611	Any arguments passed to the C<send> call will be returned by all
577	future C<< ->recv >> calls.	612	future C<< ->recv >> calls.
578		613
579	Condition variables are overloaded so one can call them directly	614	Condition variables are overloaded so one can call them directly (as if
580	(as a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling	615	they were a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling
581	C<send>. Note, however, that many C-based event loops do not handle	616	C<send>.
582	overloading, so as tempting as it may be, passing a condition variable
583	instead of a callback does not work. Both the pure perl and EV loops
584	support overloading, however, as well as all functions that use perl to
585	invoke a callback (as in L<AnyEvent::Socket> and L<AnyEvent::DNS> for
586	example).
587		617
588	=item $cv->croak ($error)	618	=item $cv->croak ($error)
589		619
590	Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke	620	Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke
591	C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar.	621	C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar.
592		622
593	This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable	623	This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable
594	user/consumer.	624	user/consumer. Doing it this way instead of calling C<croak> directly
		625	delays the error detetcion, but has the overwhelmign advantage that it
		626	diagnoses the error at the place where the result is expected, and not
		627	deep in some event clalback without connection to the actual code causing
		628	the problem.
595		629
596	=item $cv->begin ([group callback])	630	=item $cv->begin ([group callback])
597		631
598	=item $cv->end	632	=item $cv->end
599
600	These two methods are EXPERIMENTAL and MIGHT CHANGE.
601		633
602	These two methods can be used to combine many transactions/events into	634	These two methods can be used to combine many transactions/events into
603	one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want	635	one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want
604	to use a condition variable for the whole process.	636	to use a condition variable for the whole process.
605		637
…		…
607	C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end	639	C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end
608	>>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback	640	>>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback
609	is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no	641	is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no
610	callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments.	642	callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments.
611		643
612	Let's clarify this with the ping example:	644	You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call
		645	sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND
		646	condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends).
		647
		648	Let's start with a simple example: you have two I/O watchers (for example,
		649	STDOUT and STDERR for a program), and you want to wait for both streams to
		650	close before activating a condvar:
		651
		652	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
		653
		654	$cv->begin; # first watcher
		655	my $w1 = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh1, cb => sub {
		656	defined sysread $fh1, my $buf, 4096
		657	or $cv->end;
		658	});
		659
		660	$cv->begin; # second watcher
		661	my $w2 = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh2, cb => sub {
		662	defined sysread $fh2, my $buf, 4096
		663	or $cv->end;
		664	});
		665
		666	$cv->recv;
		667
		668	This works because for every event source (EOF on file handle), there is
		669	one call to C<begin>, so the condvar waits for all calls to C<end> before
		670	sending.
		671
		672	The ping example mentioned above is slightly more complicated, as the
		673	there are results to be passwd back, and the number of tasks that are
		674	begung can potentially be zero:
613		675
614	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	676	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
615		677
616	my %result;	678	my %result;
617	$cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) });	679	$cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) });
…		…
637	loop, which serves two important purposes: first, it sets the callback	699	loop, which serves two important purposes: first, it sets the callback
638	to be called once the counter reaches C<0>, and second, it ensures that	700	to be called once the counter reaches C<0>, and second, it ensures that
639	C<send> is called even when C<no> hosts are being pinged (the loop	701	C<send> is called even when C<no> hosts are being pinged (the loop
640	doesn't execute once).	702	doesn't execute once).
641		703
642	This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple subrequests:	704	This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple (but
643	use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set the callback and ensure C<end>	705	potentially none) subrequests: use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set
644	is called at least once, and then, for each subrequest you start, call	706	the callback and ensure C<end> is called at least once, and then, for each
645	C<begin> and for each subrequest you finish, call C<end>.	707	subrequest you start, call C<begin> and for each subrequest you finish,
		708	call C<end>.
646		709
647	=back	710	=back
648		711
649	=head3 METHODS FOR CONSUMERS	712	=head3 METHODS FOR CONSUMERS
650		713
…		…
666	function will call C<croak>.	729	function will call C<croak>.
667		730
668	In list context, all parameters passed to C<send> will be returned,	731	In list context, all parameters passed to C<send> will be returned,
669	in scalar context only the first one will be returned.	732	in scalar context only the first one will be returned.
670		733
		734	Note that doing a blocking wait in a callback is not supported by any
		735	event loop, that is, recursive invocation of a blocking C<< ->recv
		736	>> is not allowed, and the C<recv> call will C<croak> if such a
		737	condition is detected. This condition can be slightly loosened by using
		738	L<Coro::AnyEvent>, which allows you to do a blocking C<< ->recv >> from
		739	any thread that doesn't run the event loop itself.
		740
671	Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case	741	Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case
672	(programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are	742	(programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are
673	using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>, but let the	743	using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>. Instead, let the
674	caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling	744	caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling
675	condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting	745	condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting
676	callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block,	746	callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block,
677	while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires).	747	while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires).
678		748
679	Another reason I<never> to C<< ->recv >> in a module is that you cannot
680	sensibly have two C<< ->recv >>'s in parallel, as that would require
681	multiple interpreters or coroutines/threads, none of which C<AnyEvent>
682	can supply.
683
684	The L<Coro> module, however, I<can> and I<does> supply coroutines and, in
685	fact, L<Coro::AnyEvent> replaces AnyEvent's condvars by coroutine-safe
686	versions and also integrates coroutines into AnyEvent, making blocking
687	C<< ->recv >> calls perfectly safe as long as they are done from another
688	coroutine (one that doesn't run the event loop).
689
690	You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and	749	You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and
691	only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later	750	only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later
692	time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking	751	time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking
693	waits otherwise.	752	waits otherwise.
694		753
…		…
707	variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time	766	variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time
708	is guaranteed not to block.	767	is guaranteed not to block.
709		768
710	=back	769	=back
711		770
		771	=head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS
		772
		773	The available backend classes are (every class has its own manpage):
		774
		775	=over 4
		776
		777	=item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found.
		778
		779	EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in
		780	use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will try Event, and, failing
		781	that, will fall back to its own pure-perl implementation, which is
		782	available everywhere as it comes with AnyEvent itself.
		783
		784	AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice).
		785	AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches.
		786	AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable.
		787
		788	=item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used.
		789
		790	These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher
		791	is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using
		792	them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend
		793	when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to
		794	create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program.
		795
		796	AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable.
		797	AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken.
		798	AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.
		799	AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations.
		800
		801	=item Backends with special needs.
		802
		803	Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will
		804	otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program
		805	instantiates the application before any AnyEvent watchers are created,
		806	everything should just work.
		807
		808	AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt.
		809
		810	Support for IO::Async can only be partial, as it is too broken and
		811	architecturally limited to even support the AnyEvent API. It also
		812	is the only event loop that needs the loop to be set explicitly, so
		813	it can only be used by a main program knowing about AnyEvent. See
		814	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Async> for the gory details.
		815
		816	AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync based on IO::Async, cannot be autoprobed.
		817
		818	=item Event loops that are indirectly supported via other backends.
		819
		820	Some event loops can be supported via other modules:
		821
		822	There is no direct support for WxWidgets (L<Wx>) or L<Prima>.
		823
		824	B<WxWidgets> has no support for watching file handles. However, you can
		825	use WxWidgets through the POE adaptor, as POE has a Wx backend that simply
		826	polls 20 times per second, which was considered to be too horrible to even
		827	consider for AnyEvent.
		828
		829	B<Prima> is not supported as nobody seems to be using it, but it has a POE
		830	backend, so it can be supported through POE.
		831
		832	AnyEvent knows about both L<Prima> and L<Wx>, however, and will try to
		833	load L<POE> when detecting them, in the hope that POE will pick them up,
		834	in which case everything will be automatic.
		835
		836	=back
		837
712	=head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS	838	=head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS
713		839
		840	These are not normally required to use AnyEvent, but can be useful to
		841	write AnyEvent extension modules.
		842
714	=over 4	843	=over 4
715		844
716	=item $AnyEvent::MODEL	845	=item $AnyEvent::MODEL
717		846
718	Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created. Then it	847	Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created, before the
		848	backend has been autodetected.
		849
719	contains the event model that is being used, which is the name of the	850	Afterwards it contains the event model that is being used, which is the
720	Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one of the	851	name of the Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one
721	C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the case	852	of the C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the
722	AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode>).	853	case AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode> it
723		854	will be C<urxvt::anyevent>).
724	The known classes so far are:
725
726	AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (an interface to libev, best choice).
727	AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, second best choice.
728	AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable.
729	AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, third-best choice.
730	AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very bad choice.
731	AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt, cannot be autoprobed (see its docs).
732	AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.
733	AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, not generic enough for full support.
734
735	There is no support for WxWidgets, as WxWidgets has no support for
736	watching file handles. However, you can use WxWidgets through the
737	POE Adaptor, as POE has a Wx backend that simply polls 20 times per
738	second, which was considered to be too horrible to even consider for
739	AnyEvent. Likewise, other POE backends can be used by AnyEvent by using
740	it's adaptor.
741
742	AnyEvent knows about L<Prima> and L<Wx> and will try to use L<POE> when
743	autodetecting them.
744		855
745	=item AnyEvent::detect	856	=item AnyEvent::detect
746		857
747	Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model	858	Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model
748	if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would	859	if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would
749	have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at	860	have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at
750	runtime.	861	runtime, and not e.g. while initialising of your module.
		862
		863	If you need to do some initialisation before AnyEvent watchers are
		864	created, use C<post_detect>.
751		865
752	=item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }	866	=item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }
753		867
754	Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is	868	Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is
755	autodetected (or immediately if this has already happened).	869	autodetected (or immediately if this has already happened).
		870
		871	The block will be executed I<after> the actual backend has been detected
		872	(C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> is set), but I<before> any watchers have been
		873	created, so it is possible to e.g. patch C<@AnyEvent::ISA> or do
		874	other initialisations - see the sources of L<AnyEvent::Strict> or
		875	L<AnyEvent::AIO> to see how this is used.
		876
		877	The most common usage is to create some global watchers, without forcing
		878	event module detection too early, for example, L<AnyEvent::AIO> creates
		879	and installs the global L<IO::AIO> watcher in a C<post_detect> block to
		880	avoid autodetecting the event module at load time.
756		881
757	If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object	882	If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object
758	that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed. See	883	that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed. See
759	L<Coro::BDB> for a case where this is useful.	884	L<Coro::BDB> for a case where this is useful.
760		885
…		…
763	If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it	888	If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it
764	before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after	889	before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after
765	the event loop has been chosen.	890	the event loop has been chosen.
766		891
767	You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though:	892	You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though:
768	if it contains a true value then the event loop has already been detected,	893	if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the
769	and the array will be ignored.	894	array will be ignored.
770		895
771	Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> instead.	896	Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> when your application allows
		897	it,as it takes care of these details.
		898
		899	This variable is mainly useful for modules that can do something useful
		900	when AnyEvent is used and thus want to know when it is initialised, but do
		901	not need to even load it by default. This array provides the means to hook
		902	into AnyEvent passively, without loading it.
772		903
773	=back	904	=back
774		905
775	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE	906	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE
776		907
…		…
831		962
832		963
833	=head1 OTHER MODULES	964	=head1 OTHER MODULES
834		965
835	The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use	966	The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use
836	AnyEvent and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent modules	967	AnyEvent as a client and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent
837	in the same program. Some of the modules come with AnyEvent, some are	968	modules and other event loops in the same program. Some of the modules
838	available via CPAN.	969	come with AnyEvent, most are available via CPAN.
839		970
840	=over 4	971	=over 4
841		972
842	=item L<AnyEvent::Util>	973	=item L<AnyEvent::Util>
843		974
…		…
852		983
853	=item L<AnyEvent::Handle>	984	=item L<AnyEvent::Handle>
854		985
855	Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes,	986	Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes,
856	supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and	987	supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and
857	non-blocking SSL/TLS.	988	non-blocking SSL/TLS (via L<AnyEvent::TLS>.
858		989
859	=item L<AnyEvent::DNS>	990	=item L<AnyEvent::DNS>
860		991
861	Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities.	992	Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities.
862		993
…		…
890		1021
891	=item L<AnyEvent::GPSD>	1022	=item L<AnyEvent::GPSD>
892		1023
893	A non-blocking interface to gpsd, a daemon delivering GPS information.	1024	A non-blocking interface to gpsd, a daemon delivering GPS information.
894		1025
		1026	=item L<AnyEvent::IRC>
		1027
		1028	AnyEvent based IRC client module family (replacing the older Net::IRC3).
		1029
		1030	=item L<AnyEvent::XMPP>
		1031
		1032	AnyEvent based XMPP (Jabber protocol) module family (replacing the older
		1033	Net::XMPP2>.
		1034
895	=item L<AnyEvent::IGS>	1035	=item L<AnyEvent::IGS>
896		1036
897	A non-blocking interface to the Internet Go Server protocol (used by	1037	A non-blocking interface to the Internet Go Server protocol (used by
898	L<App::IGS>).	1038	L<App::IGS>).
899		1039
900	=item L<AnyEvent::IRC>
901
902	AnyEvent based IRC client module family (replacing the older Net::IRC3).
903
904	=item L<Net::XMPP2>
905
906	AnyEvent based XMPP (Jabber protocol) module family.
907
908	=item L<Net::FCP>	1040	=item L<Net::FCP>
909		1041
910	AnyEvent-based implementation of the Freenet Client Protocol, birthplace	1042	AnyEvent-based implementation of the Freenet Client Protocol, birthplace
911	of AnyEvent.	1043	of AnyEvent.
912		1044
…		…
916		1048
917	=item L<Coro>	1049	=item L<Coro>
918		1050
919	Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>.	1051	Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>.
920		1052
921	=item L<IO::Lambda>
922
923	The lambda approach to I/O - don't ask, look there. Can use AnyEvent.
924
925	=back	1053	=back
926		1054
927	=cut	1055	=cut
928		1056
929	package AnyEvent;	1057	package AnyEvent;
930		1058
		1059	# basically a tuned-down version of common::sense
		1060	sub common_sense {
931	no warnings;	1061	# no warnings
		1062	${^WARNING_BITS} ^= ${^WARNING_BITS};
932	use strict qw(vars subs);	1063	# use strict vars subs
		1064	$^H \|= 0x00000600;
		1065	}
933		1066
		1067	BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		1068
934	use Carp;	1069	use Carp ();
935		1070
936	our $VERSION = 4.411;	1071	our $VERSION = 4.85;
937	our $MODEL;	1072	our $MODEL;
938		1073
939	our $AUTOLOAD;	1074	our $AUTOLOAD;
940	our @ISA;	1075	our @ISA;
941		1076
942	our @REGISTRY;	1077	our @REGISTRY;
943		1078
944	our $WIN32;	1079	our $WIN32;
945		1080
		1081	our $VERBOSE;
		1082
946	BEGIN {	1083	BEGIN {
947	my $win32 = ! ! ($^O =~ /mswin32/i);	1084	eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }";
948	eval "sub WIN32(){ $win32 }";	1085	eval "sub TAINT(){ " . (${^TAINT}*1) . " }";
949	}
950		1086
		1087	delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV}
		1088	if ${^TAINT};
		1089
951	our $verbose = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1;	1090	$VERBOSE = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1;
		1091
		1092	}
		1093
		1094	our $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY = 10;
952		1095
953	our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4\|ipv6) => (1\|2), higher numbers are preferred	1096	our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4\|ipv6) => (1\|2), higher numbers are preferred
954		1097
955	{	1098	{
956	my $idx;	1099	my $idx;
…		…
964	[Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::],	1107	[Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::],
965	[AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::],	1108	[AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::],
966	# everything below here will not be autoprobed	1109	# everything below here will not be autoprobed
967	# as the pureperl backend should work everywhere	1110	# as the pureperl backend should work everywhere
968	# and is usually faster	1111	# and is usually faster
969	[Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles
970	[Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers	1112	[Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers
971	[Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy	1113	[Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy
		1114	[Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles
972	[Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program	1115	[Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program
973	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza	1116	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza
974	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],	1117	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
975	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],	1118	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
		1119	# IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its
		1120	# byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others.
		1121	# IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any
		1122	# obvious default class.
		1123	# [IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
		1124	# [IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
		1125	# [IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
976	);	1126	);
977		1127
978	our %method = map +($_ => 1),	1128	our %method = map +($_ => 1),
979	qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY);	1129	qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY);
980		1130
…		…
1000	@post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect;	1150	@post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect;
1001	}	1151	}
1002		1152
1003	sub detect() {	1153	sub detect() {
1004	unless ($MODEL) {	1154	unless ($MODEL) {
1005	no strict 'refs';
1006	local $SIG{__DIE__};	1155	local $SIG{__DIE__};
1007		1156
1008	if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) {	1157	if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) {
1009	my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1";	1158	my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1";
1010	if (eval "require $model") {	1159	if (eval "require $model") {
1011	$MODEL = $model;	1160	$MODEL = $model;
1012	warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL), using it.\n" if $verbose > 1;	1161	warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}), using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1013	} else {	1162	} else {
1014	warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL):\n$@" if $verbose;	1163	warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}):\n$@" if $VERBOSE;
1015	}	1164	}
1016	}	1165	}
1017		1166
1018	# check for already loaded models	1167	# check for already loaded models
1019	unless ($MODEL) {	1168	unless ($MODEL) {
1020	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {	1169	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1021	my ($package, $model) = @$_;	1170	my ($package, $model) = @$_;
1022	if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) {	1171	if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) {
1023	if (eval "require $model") {	1172	if (eval "require $model") {
1024	$MODEL = $model;	1173	$MODEL = $model;
1025	warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $verbose > 1;	1174	warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1026	last;	1175	last;
1027	}	1176	}
1028	}	1177	}
1029	}	1178	}
1030		1179
…		…
1035	my ($package, $model) = @$_;	1184	my ($package, $model) = @$_;
1036	if (eval "require $package"	1185	if (eval "require $package"
1037	and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0	1186	and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0
1038	and eval "require $model") {	1187	and eval "require $model") {
1039	$MODEL = $model;	1188	$MODEL = $model;
1040	warn "AnyEvent: autoprobed model '$model', using it.\n" if $verbose > 1;	1189	warn "AnyEvent: autoprobed model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1041	last;	1190	last;
1042	}	1191	}
1043	}	1192	}
1044		1193
1045	$MODEL	1194	$MODEL
…		…
1061		1210
1062	sub AUTOLOAD {	1211	sub AUTOLOAD {
1063	(my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://;	1212	(my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://;
1064		1213
1065	$method{$func}	1214	$method{$func}
1066	or croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects";	1215	or Carp::croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects";
1067		1216
1068	detect unless $MODEL;	1217	detect unless $MODEL;
1069		1218
1070	my $class = shift;	1219	my $class = shift;
1071	$class->$func (@_);	1220	$class->$func (@_);
1072	}	1221	}
1073		1222
1074	# utility function to dup a filehandle. this is used by many backends	1223	# utility function to dup a filehandle. this is used by many backends
1075	# to support binding more than one watcher per filehandle (they usually	1224	# to support binding more than one watcher per filehandle (they usually
1076	# allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one).	1225	# allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one).
1077	sub _dupfh($$$$) {	1226	sub _dupfh($$;$$) {
1078	my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_;	1227	my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_;
1079		1228
1080	# cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't	1229	# cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't
1081	my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<")	1230	my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<&") : ($w, ">&");
1082	: $poll eq "w" ? ($w, ">")
1083	: Carp::croak "AnyEvent->io requires poll set to either 'r' or 'w'";
1084		1231
1085	open my $fh2, "$mode&" . fileno $fh	1232	open my $fh2, $mode, $fh
1086	or die "cannot dup() filehandle: $!,";	1233	or die "AnyEvent->io: cannot dup() filehandle in mode '$poll': $!,";
1087		1234
1088	# we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases	1235	# we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases
1089		1236
1090	($fh2, $rw)	1237	($fh2, $rw)
1091	}	1238	}
1092		1239
1093	package AnyEvent::Base;	1240	package AnyEvent::Base;
1094		1241
1095	# default implementations for many methods	1242	# default implementations for many methods
1096		1243
1097	BEGIN {	1244	sub _time {
		1245	# probe for availability of Time::HiRes
1098	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {	1246	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {
		1247	warn "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1099	*_time = \&Time::HiRes::time;	1248	*_time = \&Time::HiRes::time;
1100	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...	1249	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...
1101	} else {	1250	} else {
		1251	warn "AnyEvent: using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!\n" if $VERBOSE;
1102	*_time = sub { time }; # epic fail	1252	*_time = sub { time }; # epic fail
1103	}	1253	}
		1254
		1255	&_time
1104	}	1256	}
1105		1257
1106	sub time { _time }	1258	sub time { _time }
1107	sub now { _time }	1259	sub now { _time }
1108	sub now_update { }	1260	sub now_update { }
…		…
1113	bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"	1265	bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"
1114	}	1266	}
1115		1267
1116	# default implementation for ->signal	1268	# default implementation for ->signal
1117		1269
		1270	our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;
1118	our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO);	1271	our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO);
		1272	our (%SIG_ASY, %SIG_ASY_W);
		1273	our ($SIG_COUNT, $SIG_TW);
1119		1274
1120	sub _signal_exec {	1275	sub _signal_exec {
		1276	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1277	? $SIGPIPE_R->drain
1121	sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 4;	1278	: sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 9;
1122		1279
1123	while (%SIG_EV) {	1280	while (%SIG_EV) {
1124	for (keys %SIG_EV) {	1281	for (keys %SIG_EV) {
1125	delete $SIG_EV{$_};	1282	delete $SIG_EV{$_};
1126	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} \|\| {} };	1283	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} \|\| {} };
1127	}	1284	}
1128	}	1285	}
1129	}	1286	}
1130		1287
		1288	# install a dumym wakeupw atcher to reduce signal catching latency
		1289	sub _sig_add() {
		1290	unless ($SIG_COUNT++) {
		1291	# try to align timer on a full-second boundary, if possible
		1292	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;
		1293
		1294	$SIG_TW = AnyEvent->timer (
		1295	after => $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY - ($NOW - int $NOW),
		1296	interval => $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY,
		1297	cb => sub { }, # just for the PERL_ASYNC_CHECK
		1298	);
		1299	}
		1300	}
		1301
		1302	sub _sig_del {
		1303	undef $SIG_TW
		1304	unless --$SIG_COUNT;
		1305	}
		1306
		1307	sub _signal {
		1308	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
		1309
		1310	my $signal = uc $arg{signal}
		1311	or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing";
		1312
		1313	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
		1314
		1315	if ($HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT) {
		1316	# async::interrupt
		1317
		1318	$SIG_ASY{$signal} \|\|= do {
		1319	my $asy = new Async::Interrupt
		1320	cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} },
		1321	signal => $signal,
		1322	pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos],
		1323	;
		1324	$asy->pipe_autodrain (0);
		1325
		1326	$asy
		1327	};
		1328
		1329	} else {
		1330	# pure perl
		1331
		1332	$SIG{$signal} \|\|= sub {
		1333	local $!;
		1334	syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV;
		1335	undef $SIG_EV{$signal};
		1336	};
		1337
		1338	# can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl,
		1339	# so limit the signal latency.
		1340	_sig_add;
		1341	}
		1342
		1343	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"
		1344	}
		1345
1131	sub signal {	1346	sub signal {
1132	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1347	# probe for availability of Async::Interrupt
		1348	if (!$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT} && eval "use Async::Interrupt 0.6 (); 1") {
		1349	warn "AnyEvent: using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1133		1350
1134	unless ($SIGPIPE_R) {	1351	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT = 1;
		1352	$SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe;
		1353	$SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec);
		1354
		1355	} else {
		1356	warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
		1357
1135	require Fcntl;	1358	require Fcntl;
1136		1359
1137	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {	1360	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {
1138	require AnyEvent::Util;	1361	require AnyEvent::Util;
1139		1362
…		…
1154	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";	1377	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";
1155		1378
1156	$SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec);	1379	$SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec);
1157	}	1380	}
1158		1381
1159	my $signal = uc $arg{signal}	1382	*signal = \&_signal;
1160	or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing";	1383	&signal
1161
1162	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
1163	$SIG{$signal} \|\|= sub {
1164	local $!;
1165	syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV;
1166	undef $SIG_EV{$signal};
1167	};
1168
1169	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"
1170	}	1384	}
1171		1385
1172	sub AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY {	1386	sub AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY {
1173	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};	1387	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
1174		1388
		1389	_sig_del;
		1390
1175	delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};	1391	delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};
1176		1392
		1393	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1394	? delete $SIG_ASY{$signal}
1177	# delete doesn't work with older perls - they then	1395	: # delete doesn't work with older perls - they then
1178	# print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit	1396	# print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit
1179	# instead of getting the default action.	1397	# instead of getting the default action.
		1398	undef $SIG{$signal}
1180	undef $SIG{$signal} unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };	1399	unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };
1181	}	1400	}
1182		1401
1183	# default implementation for ->child	1402	# default implementation for ->child
1184		1403
1185	our %PID_CB;	1404	our %PID_CB;
…		…
1187	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;	1406	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;
1188	our $WNOHANG;	1407	our $WNOHANG;
1189		1408
1190	sub _sigchld {	1409	sub _sigchld {
1191	while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) {	1410	while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) {
		1411	$_->($pid, $?)
1192	$_->($pid, $?) for (values %{ $PID_CB{$pid} \|\| {} }),	1412	for values %{ $PID_CB{$pid} \|\| {} },
1193	(values %{ $PID_CB{0} \|\| {} });	1413	values %{ $PID_CB{0} \|\| {} };
1194	}	1414	}
1195	}	1415	}
1196		1416
1197	sub child {	1417	sub child {
1198	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1418	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
…		…
1200	defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0)	1420	defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0)
1201	or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing";	1421	or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing";
1202		1422
1203	$PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};	1423	$PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
1204		1424
		1425	# WNOHANG is almost cetrainly 1 everywhere
		1426	$WNOHANG \|\|= $^O =~ /^(?:openbsd\|netbsd\|linux\|freebsd\|cygwin\|MSWin32)$/
		1427	? 1
1205	$WNOHANG \|\|= eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } \|\| 1;	1428	: eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } \|\| 1;
1206		1429
1207	unless ($CHLD_W) {	1430	unless ($CHLD_W) {
1208	$CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld);	1431	$CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld);
1209	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round	1432	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round
1210	&_sigchld;	1433	&_sigchld;
…		…
1262		1485
1263	our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::;	1486	our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::;
1264		1487
1265	package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base;	1488	package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base;
1266		1489
1267	use overload	1490	#use overload
1268	'&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } },	1491	# '&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } },
1269	fallback => 1;	1492	# fallback => 1;
		1493
		1494	# save 300+ kilobytes by dirtily hardcoding overloading
		1495	${"AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::OVERLOAD"}{dummy}++; # Register with magic by touching.
		1496	*{'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::()'} = sub { }; # "Make it findable via fetchmethod."
		1497	*{'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::(&{}'} = sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } }; # &{}
		1498	${'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::()'} = 1; # fallback
		1499
		1500	our $WAITING;
1270		1501
1271	sub _send {	1502	sub _send {
1272	# nop	1503	# nop
1273	}	1504	}
1274		1505
…		…
1287	sub ready {	1518	sub ready {
1288	$_[0]{_ae_sent}	1519	$_[0]{_ae_sent}
1289	}	1520	}
1290		1521
1291	sub _wait {	1522	sub _wait {
		1523	$WAITING
		1524	and !$_[0]{_ae_sent}
		1525	and Carp::croak "AnyEvent::CondVar: recursive blocking wait detected";
		1526
		1527	local $WAITING = 1;
1292	AnyEvent->one_event while !$_[0]{_ae_sent};	1528	AnyEvent->one_event while !$_[0]{_ae_sent};
1293	}	1529	}
1294		1530
1295	sub recv {	1531	sub recv {
1296	$_[0]->_wait;	1532	$_[0]->_wait;
…		…
1337	so on.	1573	so on.
1338		1574
1339	=head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES	1575	=head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
1340		1576
1341	The following environment variables are used by this module or its	1577	The following environment variables are used by this module or its
1342	submodules:	1578	submodules.
		1579
		1580	Note that AnyEvent will remove I<all> environment variables starting with
		1581	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_> from C<%ENV> when it is loaded while taint mode is
		1582	enabled.
1343		1583
1344	=over 4	1584	=over 4
1345		1585
1346	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE>	1586	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE>
1347		1587
…		…
1354	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>.	1594	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>.
1355		1595
1356	When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event	1596	When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event
1357	model it chooses.	1597	model it chooses.
1358		1598
		1599	When set to C<8> or higher, then AnyEvent will report extra information on
		1600	which optional modules it loads and how it implements certain features.
		1601
1359	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT>	1602	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT>
1360		1603
1361	AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough	1604	AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough
1362	argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value	1605	argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value
1363	will cause AnyEvent to load C<AnyEvent::Strict> and then to thoroughly	1606	will cause AnyEvent to load C<AnyEvent::Strict> and then to thoroughly
1364	check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems	1607	check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems,
1365	it will croak.	1608	it will croak.
1366		1609
1367	In other words, enables "strict" mode.	1610	In other words, enables "strict" mode.
1368		1611
1369	Unlike C<use strict>, it is definitely recommended ot keep it off in	1612	Unlike C<use strict> (or it's modern cousin, C<< use L<common::sense>
1370	production. Keeping C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while	1613	>>, it is definitely recommended to keep it off in production. Keeping
1371	developing programs can be very useful, however.	1614	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while developing programs
		1615	can be very useful, however.
1372		1616
1373	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>	1617	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>
1374		1618
1375	This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before	1619	This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before
1376	auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting	1620	auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting
…		…
1419		1663
1420	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS>	1664	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS>
1421		1665
1422	The maximum number of child processes that C<AnyEvent::Util::fork_call>	1666	The maximum number of child processes that C<AnyEvent::Util::fork_call>
1423	will create in parallel.	1667	will create in parallel.
		1668
		1669	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_OUTSTANDING_DNS>
		1670
		1671	The default value for the C<max_outstanding> parameter for the default DNS
		1672	resolver - this is the maximum number of parallel DNS requests that are
		1673	sent to the DNS server.
		1674
		1675	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_RESOLV_CONF>
		1676
		1677	The file to use instead of F</etc/resolv.conf> (or OS-specific
		1678	configuration) in the default resolver. When set to the empty string, no
		1679	default config will be used.
		1680
		1681	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_FILE>, C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_PATH>.
		1682
		1683	When neither C<ca_file> nor C<ca_path> was specified during
		1684	L<AnyEvent::TLS> context creation, and either of these environment
		1685	variables exist, they will be used to specify CA certificate locations
		1686	instead of a system-dependent default.
		1687
		1688	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_GUARD> and C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT>
		1689
		1690	When these are set to C<1>, then the respective modules are not
		1691	loaded. Mostly good for testing AnyEvent itself.
1424		1692
1425	=back	1693	=back
1426		1694
1427	=head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE	1695	=head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE
1428		1696
…		…
1673	EV/Any 100000 224 2.88 0.34 0.27 EV + AnyEvent watchers	1941	EV/Any 100000 224 2.88 0.34 0.27 EV + AnyEvent watchers
1674	CoroEV/Any 100000 224 2.85 0.35 0.28 coroutines + Coro::Signal	1942	CoroEV/Any 100000 224 2.85 0.35 0.28 coroutines + Coro::Signal
1675	Perl/Any 100000 452 4.13 0.73 0.95 pure perl implementation	1943	Perl/Any 100000 452 4.13 0.73 0.95 pure perl implementation
1676	Event/Event 16000 517 32.20 31.80 0.81 Event native interface	1944	Event/Event 16000 517 32.20 31.80 0.81 Event native interface
1677	Event/Any 16000 590 35.85 31.55 1.06 Event + AnyEvent watchers	1945	Event/Any 16000 590 35.85 31.55 1.06 Event + AnyEvent watchers
		1946	IOAsync/Any 16000 989 38.10 32.77 11.13 via IO::Async::Loop::IO_Poll
		1947	IOAsync/Any 16000 990 37.59 29.50 10.61 via IO::Async::Loop::Epoll
1678	Glib/Any 16000 1357 102.33 12.31 51.00 quadratic behaviour	1948	Glib/Any 16000 1357 102.33 12.31 51.00 quadratic behaviour
1679	Tk/Any 2000 1860 27.20 66.31 14.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers	1949	Tk/Any 2000 1860 27.20 66.31 14.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers
1680	POE/Event 2000 6328 109.99 751.67 14.02 via POE::Loop::Event	1950	POE/Event 2000 6328 109.99 751.67 14.02 via POE::Loop::Event
1681	POE/Select 2000 6027 94.54 809.13 579.80 via POE::Loop::Select	1951	POE/Select 2000 6027 94.54 809.13 579.80 via POE::Loop::Select
1682		1952
…		…
1711	performance becomes really bad with lots of file descriptors (and few of	1981	performance becomes really bad with lots of file descriptors (and few of
1712	them active), of course, but this was not subject of this benchmark.	1982	them active), of course, but this was not subject of this benchmark.
1713		1983
1714	The C<Event> module has a relatively high setup and callback invocation	1984	The C<Event> module has a relatively high setup and callback invocation
1715	cost, but overall scores in on the third place.	1985	cost, but overall scores in on the third place.
		1986
		1987	C<IO::Async> performs admirably well, about on par with C<Event>, even
		1988	when using its pure perl backend.
1716		1989
1717	C<Glib>'s memory usage is quite a bit higher, but it features a	1990	C<Glib>'s memory usage is quite a bit higher, but it features a
1718	faster callback invocation and overall ends up in the same class as	1991	faster callback invocation and overall ends up in the same class as
1719	C<Event>. However, Glib scales extremely badly, doubling the number of	1992	C<Event>. However, Glib scales extremely badly, doubling the number of
1720	watchers increases the processing time by more than a factor of four,	1993	watchers increases the processing time by more than a factor of four,
…		…
1798	it to another server. This includes deleting the old timeout and creating	2071	it to another server. This includes deleting the old timeout and creating
1799	a new one that moves the timeout into the future.	2072	a new one that moves the timeout into the future.
1800		2073
1801	=head3 Results	2074	=head3 Results
1802		2075
1803	name sockets create request	2076	name sockets create request
1804	EV 20000 69.01 11.16	2077	EV 20000 69.01 11.16
1805	Perl 20000 73.32 35.87	2078	Perl 20000 73.32 35.87
		2079	IOAsync 20000 157.00 98.14 epoll
		2080	IOAsync 20000 159.31 616.06 poll
1806	Event 20000 212.62 257.32	2081	Event 20000 212.62 257.32
1807	Glib 20000 651.16 1896.30	2082	Glib 20000 651.16 1896.30
1808	POE 20000 349.67 12317.24 uses POE::Loop::Event	2083	POE 20000 349.67 12317.24 uses POE::Loop::Event
1809		2084
1810	=head3 Discussion	2085	=head3 Discussion
1811		2086
1812	This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the	2087	This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the
1813	particular event loop.	2088	particular event loop.
…		…
1815	EV is again fastest. Since it is using epoll on my system, the setup time	2090	EV is again fastest. Since it is using epoll on my system, the setup time
1816	is relatively high, though.	2091	is relatively high, though.
1817		2092
1818	Perl surprisingly comes second. It is much faster than the C-based event	2093	Perl surprisingly comes second. It is much faster than the C-based event
1819	loops Event and Glib.	2094	loops Event and Glib.
		2095
		2096	IO::Async performs very well when using its epoll backend, and still quite
		2097	good compared to Glib when using its pure perl backend.
1820		2098
1821	Event suffers from high setup time as well (look at its code and you will	2099	Event suffers from high setup time as well (look at its code and you will
1822	understand why). Callback invocation also has a high overhead compared to	2100	understand why). Callback invocation also has a high overhead compared to
1823	the C<< $_->() for .. >>-style loop that the Perl event loop uses. Event	2101	the C<< $_->() for .. >>-style loop that the Perl event loop uses. Event
1824	uses select or poll in basically all documented configurations.	2102	uses select or poll in basically all documented configurations.
…		…
1887	=item * C-based event loops perform very well with small number of	2165	=item * C-based event loops perform very well with small number of
1888	watchers, as the management overhead dominates.	2166	watchers, as the management overhead dominates.
1889		2167
1890	=back	2168	=back
1891		2169
		2170	=head2 THE IO::Lambda BENCHMARK
		2171
		2172	Recently I was told about the benchmark in the IO::Lambda manpage, which
		2173	could be misinterpreted to make AnyEvent look bad. In fact, the benchmark
		2174	simply compares IO::Lambda with POE, and IO::Lambda looks better (which
		2175	shouldn't come as a surprise to anybody). As such, the benchmark is
		2176	fine, and mostly shows that the AnyEvent backend from IO::Lambda isn't
		2177	very optimal. But how would AnyEvent compare when used without the extra
		2178	baggage? To explore this, I wrote the equivalent benchmark for AnyEvent.
		2179
		2180	The benchmark itself creates an echo-server, and then, for 500 times,
		2181	connects to the echo server, sends a line, waits for the reply, and then
		2182	creates the next connection. This is a rather bad benchmark, as it doesn't
		2183	test the efficiency of the framework or much non-blocking I/O, but it is a
		2184	benchmark nevertheless.
		2185
		2186	name runtime
		2187	Lambda/select 0.330 sec
		2188	+ optimized 0.122 sec
		2189	Lambda/AnyEvent 0.327 sec
		2190	+ optimized 0.138 sec
		2191	Raw sockets/select 0.077 sec
		2192	POE/select, components 0.662 sec
		2193	POE/select, raw sockets 0.226 sec
		2194	POE/select, optimized 0.404 sec
		2195
		2196	AnyEvent/select/nb 0.085 sec
		2197	AnyEvent/EV/nb 0.068 sec
		2198	+state machine 0.134 sec
		2199
		2200	The benchmark is also a bit unfair (my fault): the IO::Lambda/POE
		2201	benchmarks actually make blocking connects and use 100% blocking I/O,
		2202	defeating the purpose of an event-based solution. All of the newly
		2203	written AnyEvent benchmarks use 100% non-blocking connects (using
		2204	AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect and the asynchronous pure perl DNS
		2205	resolver), so AnyEvent is at a disadvantage here, as non-blocking connects
		2206	generally require a lot more bookkeeping and event handling than blocking
		2207	connects (which involve a single syscall only).
		2208
		2209	The last AnyEvent benchmark additionally uses L<AnyEvent::Handle>, which
		2210	offers similar expressive power as POE and IO::Lambda, using conventional
		2211	Perl syntax. This means that both the echo server and the client are 100%
		2212	non-blocking, further placing it at a disadvantage.
		2213
		2214	As you can see, the AnyEvent + EV combination even beats the
		2215	hand-optimised "raw sockets benchmark", while AnyEvent + its pure perl
		2216	backend easily beats IO::Lambda and POE.
		2217
		2218	And even the 100% non-blocking version written using the high-level (and
		2219	slow :) L<AnyEvent::Handle> abstraction beats both POE and IO::Lambda by a
		2220	large margin, even though it does all of DNS, tcp-connect and socket I/O
		2221	in a non-blocking way.
		2222
		2223	The two AnyEvent benchmarks programs can be found as F<eg/ae0.pl> and
		2224	F<eg/ae2.pl> in the AnyEvent distribution, the remaining benchmarks are
		2225	part of the IO::lambda distribution and were used without any changes.
		2226
1892		2227
1893	=head1 SIGNALS	2228	=head1 SIGNALS
1894		2229
1895	AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals:	2230	AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals:
1896		2231
…		…
1899	=item SIGCHLD	2234	=item SIGCHLD
1900		2235
1901	A handler for C<SIGCHLD> is installed by AnyEvent's child watcher	2236	A handler for C<SIGCHLD> is installed by AnyEvent's child watcher
1902	emulation for event loops that do not support them natively. Also, some	2237	emulation for event loops that do not support them natively. Also, some
1903	event loops install a similar handler.	2238	event loops install a similar handler.
		2239
		2240	Additionally, when AnyEvent is loaded and SIGCHLD is set to IGNORE, then
		2241	AnyEvent will reset it to default, to avoid losing child exit statuses.
1904		2242
1905	=item SIGPIPE	2243	=item SIGPIPE
1906		2244
1907	A no-op handler is installed for C<SIGPIPE> when C<$SIG{PIPE}> is C<undef>	2245	A no-op handler is installed for C<SIGPIPE> when C<$SIG{PIPE}> is C<undef>
1908	when AnyEvent gets loaded.	2246	when AnyEvent gets loaded.
…		…
1920		2258
1921	=back	2259	=back
1922		2260
1923	=cut	2261	=cut
1924		2262
		2263	undef $SIG{CHLD}
		2264	if $SIG{CHLD} eq 'IGNORE';
		2265
1925	$SIG{PIPE} = sub { }	2266	$SIG{PIPE} = sub { }
1926	unless defined $SIG{PIPE};	2267	unless defined $SIG{PIPE};
		2268
		2269	=head1 RECOMMENDED/OPTIONAL MODULES
		2270
		2271	One of AnyEvent's main goals is to be 100% Pure-Perl(tm): only perl (and
		2272	it's built-in modules) are required to use it.
		2273
		2274	That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional
		2275	modules if they are installed.
		2276
		2277	This section epxlains which additional modules will be used, and how they
		2278	affect AnyEvent's operetion.
		2279
		2280	=over 4
		2281
		2282	=item L<Async::Interrupt>
		2283
		2284	This slightly arcane module is used to implement fast signal handling: To
		2285	my knowledge, there is no way to do completely race-free and quick
		2286	signal handling in pure perl. To ensure that signals still get
		2287	delivered, AnyEvent will start an interval timer to wake up perl (and
		2288	catch the signals) with some delay (default is 10 seconds, look for
		2289	C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>).
		2290
		2291	If this module is available, then it will be used to implement signal
		2292	catching, which means that signals will not be delayed, and the event loop
		2293	will not be interrupted regularly, which is more efficient (And good for
		2294	battery life on laptops).
		2295
		2296	This affects not just the pure-perl event loop, but also other event loops
		2297	that have no signal handling on their own (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt).
		2298
		2299	Some event loops (POE, Event, Event::Lib) offer signal watchers natively,
		2300	and either employ their own workarounds (POE) or use AnyEvent's workaround
		2301	(using C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>). Installing L<Async::Interrupt>
		2302	does nothing for those backends.
		2303
		2304	=item L<EV>
		2305
		2306	This module isn't really "optional", as it is simply one of the backend
		2307	event loops that AnyEvent can use. However, it is simply the best event
		2308	loop available in terms of features, speed and stability: It supports
		2309	the AnyEvent API optimally, implements all the watcher types in XS, does
		2310	automatic timer adjustments even when no monotonic clock is available,
		2311	can take avdantage of advanced kernel interfaces such as C<epoll> and
		2312	C<kqueue>, and is the fastest backend I<by far>. You can even embed
		2313	L<Glib>/L<Gtk2> in it (or vice versa, see L<EV::Glib> and L<Glib::EV>).
		2314
		2315	=item L<Guard>
		2316
		2317	The guard module, when used, will be used to implement
		2318	C<AnyEvent::Util::guard>. This speeds up guards considerably (and uses a
		2319	lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is
		2320	purely used for performance.
		2321
		2322	=item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS>
		2323
		2324	This module is required when you want to read or write JSON data via
		2325	L<AnyEvent::Handle>. It is also written in pure-perl, but can take
		2326	advantage of the ultra-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed.
		2327
		2328	In fact, L<AnyEvent::Handle> will use L<JSON::XS> by default if it is
		2329	installed.
		2330
		2331	=item L<Net::SSLeay>
		2332
		2333	Implementing TLS/SSL in Perl is certainly interesting, but not very
		2334	worthwhile: If this module is installed, then L<AnyEvent::Handle> (with
		2335	the help of L<AnyEvent::TLS>), gains the ability to do TLS/SSL.
		2336
		2337	=item L<Time::HiRes>
		2338
		2339	This module is part of perl since release 5.008. It will be used when the
		2340	chosen event library does not come with a timing source on it's own. The
		2341	pure-perl event loop (L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) will additionally use it to
		2342	try to use a monotonic clock for timing stability.
		2343
		2344	=back
1927		2345
1928		2346
1929	=head1 FORK	2347	=head1 FORK
1930		2348
1931	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are	2349	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are
1932	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll>	2350	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll>
1933	calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware.	2351	calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware.
1934		2352
1935	If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first	2353	If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first
1936	watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child.	2354	watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child OR you must do
		2355	something completely out of the scope of AnyEvent.
1937		2356
1938		2357
1939	=head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS	2358	=head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
1940		2359
1941	AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via	2360	AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via
…		…
1955	Similar considerations apply to $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}, as that can	2374	Similar considerations apply to $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}, as that can
1956	be used to probe what backend is used and gain other information (which is	2375	be used to probe what backend is used and gain other information (which is
1957	probably even less useful to an attacker than PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL), and	2376	probably even less useful to an attacker than PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL), and
1958	$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT}.	2377	$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT}.
1959		2378
		2379	Note that AnyEvent will remove I<all> environment variables starting with
		2380	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_> from C<%ENV> when it is loaded while taint mode is
		2381	enabled.
		2382
1960		2383
1961	=head1 BUGS	2384	=head1 BUGS
1962		2385
1963	Perl 5.8 has numerous memleaks that sometimes hit this module and are hard	2386	Perl 5.8 has numerous memleaks that sometimes hit this module and are hard
1964	to work around. If you suffer from memleaks, first upgrade to Perl 5.10	2387	to work around. If you suffer from memleaks, first upgrade to Perl 5.10
…		…
1975	L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>.	2398	L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>.
1976		2399
1977	Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>,	2400	Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>,
1978	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>,	2401	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>,
1979	L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>,	2402	L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>,
1980	L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>.	2403	L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>.
1981		2404
1982	Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and	2405	Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and
1983	servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>.	2406	servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>.
1984		2407
1985	Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>.	2408	Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>.
1986		2409
1987	Coroutine support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>, L<Coro::Event>,	2410	Coroutine support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>,
		2411	L<Coro::Event>,
1988		2412
1989	Nontrivial usage examples: L<Net::FCP>, L<Net::XMPP2>, L<AnyEvent::DNS>.	2413	Nontrivial usage examples: L<AnyEvent::GPSD>, L<AnyEvent::XMPP>,
		2414	L<AnyEvent::HTTP>.
1990		2415
1991		2416
1992	=head1 AUTHOR	2417	=head1 AUTHOR
1993		2418
1994	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>	2419	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>

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Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents): Revision 1.213 by root, Sat Jun 20 07:14:35 2009 UTC vs. Revision 1.249 by root, Mon Jul 20 06:00:42 2009 UTC

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Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.213 by root, Sat Jun 20 07:14:35 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.249 by root, Mon Jul 20 06:00:42 2009 UTC