1 | =head1 NAME |
1 | =head1 NAME |
2 | |
2 | |
3 | AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops |
3 | AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops |
4 | |
4 | |
5 | EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt, POE - various supported event loops |
5 | EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt and POE are various supported |
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6 | event loops. |
6 | |
7 | |
7 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
8 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
8 | |
9 | |
9 | use AnyEvent; |
10 | use AnyEvent; |
10 | |
11 | |
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12 | # file descriptor readable |
11 | my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r|w", cb => sub { ... }); |
13 | my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r", cb => sub { ... }); |
12 | |
14 | |
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15 | # one-shot or repeating timers |
13 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { ... }); |
16 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { ... }); |
14 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, interval => $seconds, cb => ... |
17 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, interval => $seconds, cb => ... |
15 | |
18 | |
16 | print AnyEvent->now; # prints current event loop time |
19 | print AnyEvent->now; # prints current event loop time |
17 | print AnyEvent->time; # think Time::HiRes::time or simply CORE::time. |
20 | print AnyEvent->time; # think Time::HiRes::time or simply CORE::time. |
18 | |
21 | |
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22 | # POSIX signal |
19 | my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "TERM", cb => sub { ... }); |
23 | my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "TERM", cb => sub { ... }); |
20 | |
24 | |
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25 | # child process exit |
21 | my $w = AnyEvent->child (pid => $pid, cb => sub { |
26 | my $w = AnyEvent->child (pid => $pid, cb => sub { |
22 | my ($pid, $status) = @_; |
27 | my ($pid, $status) = @_; |
23 | ... |
28 | ... |
24 | }); |
29 | }); |
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30 | |
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31 | # called when event loop idle (if applicable) |
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32 | my $w = AnyEvent->idle (cb => sub { ... }); |
25 | |
33 | |
26 | my $w = AnyEvent->condvar; # stores whether a condition was flagged |
34 | my $w = AnyEvent->condvar; # stores whether a condition was flagged |
27 | $w->send; # wake up current and all future recv's |
35 | $w->send; # wake up current and all future recv's |
28 | $w->recv; # enters "main loop" till $condvar gets ->send |
36 | $w->recv; # enters "main loop" till $condvar gets ->send |
29 | # use a condvar in callback mode: |
37 | # use a condvar in callback mode: |
… | |
… | |
137 | These watchers are normal Perl objects with normal Perl lifetime. After |
145 | These watchers are normal Perl objects with normal Perl lifetime. After |
138 | creating a watcher it will immediately "watch" for events and invoke the |
146 | creating a watcher it will immediately "watch" for events and invoke the |
139 | callback when the event occurs (of course, only when the event model |
147 | callback when the event occurs (of course, only when the event model |
140 | is in control). |
148 | is in control). |
141 | |
149 | |
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150 | Note that B<callbacks must not permanently change global variables> |
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151 | potentially in use by the event loop (such as C<$_> or C<$[>) and that B<< |
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152 | callbacks must not C<die> >>. The former is good programming practise in |
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153 | Perl and the latter stems from the fact that exception handling differs |
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154 | widely between event loops. |
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155 | |
142 | To disable the watcher you have to destroy it (e.g. by setting the |
156 | To disable the watcher you have to destroy it (e.g. by setting the |
143 | variable you store it in to C<undef> or otherwise deleting all references |
157 | variable you store it in to C<undef> or otherwise deleting all references |
144 | to it). |
158 | to it). |
145 | |
159 | |
146 | All watchers are created by calling a method on the C<AnyEvent> class. |
160 | All watchers are created by calling a method on the C<AnyEvent> class. |
… | |
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162 | =head2 I/O WATCHERS |
176 | =head2 I/O WATCHERS |
163 | |
177 | |
164 | You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method |
178 | You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method |
165 | with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments: |
179 | with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments: |
166 | |
180 | |
167 | C<fh> the Perl I<file handle> (I<not> file descriptor) to watch for events |
181 | C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch |
168 | (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file handle). C<poll> |
182 | for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file |
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183 | handle). Note that only file handles pointing to things for which |
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184 | non-blocking operation makes sense are allowed. This includes sockets, |
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185 | most character devices, pipes, fifos and so on, but not for example files |
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186 | or block devices. |
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187 | |
169 | must be a string that is either C<r> or C<w>, which creates a watcher |
188 | C<poll> must be a string that is either C<r> or C<w>, which creates a |
170 | waiting for "r"eadable or "w"ritable events, respectively. C<cb> is the |
189 | watcher waiting for "r"eadable or "w"ritable events, respectively. |
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190 | |
171 | callback to invoke each time the file handle becomes ready. |
191 | C<cb> is the callback to invoke each time the file handle becomes ready. |
172 | |
192 | |
173 | Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and |
193 | Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and |
174 | presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent |
194 | presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent |
175 | callbacks cannot use arguments passed to I/O watcher callbacks. |
195 | callbacks cannot use arguments passed to I/O watcher callbacks. |
176 | |
196 | |
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308 | In either case, if you care (and in most cases, you don't), then you |
328 | In either case, if you care (and in most cases, you don't), then you |
309 | can get whatever behaviour you want with any event loop, by taking the |
329 | can get whatever behaviour you want with any event loop, by taking the |
310 | difference between C<< AnyEvent->time >> and C<< AnyEvent->now >> into |
330 | difference between C<< AnyEvent->time >> and C<< AnyEvent->now >> into |
311 | account. |
331 | account. |
312 | |
332 | |
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333 | =item AnyEvent->now_update |
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334 | |
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335 | Some event loops (such as L<EV> or L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) cache |
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336 | the current time for each loop iteration (see the discussion of L<< |
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337 | AnyEvent->now >>, above). |
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338 | |
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339 | When a callback runs for a long time (or when the process sleeps), then |
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340 | this "current" time will differ substantially from the real time, which |
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341 | might affect timers and time-outs. |
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342 | |
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343 | When this is the case, you can call this method, which will update the |
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344 | event loop's idea of "current time". |
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345 | |
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346 | Note that updating the time I<might> cause some events to be handled. |
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347 | |
313 | =back |
348 | =back |
314 | |
349 | |
315 | =head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS |
350 | =head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS |
316 | |
351 | |
317 | You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal |
352 | You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal |
… | |
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357 | |
392 | |
358 | There is a slight catch to child watchers, however: you usually start them |
393 | There is a slight catch to child watchers, however: you usually start them |
359 | I<after> the child process was created, and this means the process could |
394 | I<after> the child process was created, and this means the process could |
360 | have exited already (and no SIGCHLD will be sent anymore). |
395 | have exited already (and no SIGCHLD will be sent anymore). |
361 | |
396 | |
362 | Not all event models handle this correctly (POE doesn't), but even for |
397 | Not all event models handle this correctly (neither POE nor IO::Async do, |
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398 | see their AnyEvent::Impl manpages for details), but even for event models |
363 | event models that I<do> handle this correctly, they usually need to be |
399 | that I<do> handle this correctly, they usually need to be loaded before |
364 | loaded before the process exits (i.e. before you fork in the first place). |
400 | the process exits (i.e. before you fork in the first place). AnyEvent's |
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401 | pure perl event loop handles all cases correctly regardless of when you |
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402 | start the watcher. |
365 | |
403 | |
366 | This means you cannot create a child watcher as the very first thing in an |
404 | This means you cannot create a child watcher as the very first |
367 | AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one watcher before you |
405 | thing in an AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one |
368 | C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call C<AnyEvent::detect>). |
406 | watcher before you C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call |
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407 | C<AnyEvent::detect>). |
369 | |
408 | |
370 | Example: fork a process and wait for it |
409 | Example: fork a process and wait for it |
371 | |
410 | |
372 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
411 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
373 | |
412 | |
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… | |
383 | ); |
422 | ); |
384 | |
423 | |
385 | # do something else, then wait for process exit |
424 | # do something else, then wait for process exit |
386 | $done->recv; |
425 | $done->recv; |
387 | |
426 | |
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427 | =head2 IDLE WATCHERS |
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428 | |
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429 | Sometimes there is a need to do something, but it is not so important |
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430 | to do it instantly, but only when there is nothing better to do. This |
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431 | "nothing better to do" is usually defined to be "no other events need |
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432 | attention by the event loop". |
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433 | |
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434 | Idle watchers ideally get invoked when the event loop has nothing |
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435 | better to do, just before it would block the process to wait for new |
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436 | events. Instead of blocking, the idle watcher is invoked. |
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437 | |
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438 | Most event loops unfortunately do not really support idle watchers (only |
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439 | EV, Event and Glib do it in a usable fashion) - for the rest, AnyEvent |
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440 | will simply call the callback "from time to time". |
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441 | |
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442 | Example: read lines from STDIN, but only process them when the |
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443 | program is otherwise idle: |
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444 | |
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445 | my @lines; # read data |
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446 | my $idle_w; |
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447 | my $io_w = AnyEvent->io (fh => \*STDIN, poll => 'r', cb => sub { |
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448 | push @lines, scalar <STDIN>; |
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449 | |
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450 | # start an idle watcher, if not already done |
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451 | $idle_w ||= AnyEvent->idle (cb => sub { |
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452 | # handle only one line, when there are lines left |
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453 | if (my $line = shift @lines) { |
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454 | print "handled when idle: $line"; |
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455 | } else { |
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456 | # otherwise disable the idle watcher again |
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457 | undef $idle_w; |
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458 | } |
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459 | }); |
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460 | }); |
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461 | |
388 | =head2 CONDITION VARIABLES |
462 | =head2 CONDITION VARIABLES |
389 | |
463 | |
390 | If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them |
464 | If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them |
391 | require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that |
465 | require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that |
392 | will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks. |
466 | will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks. |
393 | |
467 | |
394 | AnyEvent is different, it expects somebody else to run the event loop and |
468 | AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event |
395 | will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user). |
469 | loop and will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user). |
396 | |
470 | |
397 | The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called |
471 | The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called |
398 | because they represent a condition that must become true. |
472 | because they represent a condition that must become true. |
399 | |
473 | |
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474 | Now is probably a good time to look at the examples further below. |
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475 | |
400 | Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar |
476 | Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar |
401 | >> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is |
477 | >> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is |
402 | |
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403 | C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable |
478 | C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable |
404 | becomes true, with the condition variable as the first argument (but not |
479 | becomes true, with the condition variable as the first argument (but not |
405 | the results). |
480 | the results). |
406 | |
481 | |
407 | After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true" |
482 | After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true" |
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456 | after => 1, |
531 | after => 1, |
457 | cb => sub { $result_ready->send }, |
532 | cb => sub { $result_ready->send }, |
458 | ); |
533 | ); |
459 | |
534 | |
460 | # this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback |
535 | # this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback |
461 | # calls send |
536 | # calls -<send |
462 | $result_ready->recv; |
537 | $result_ready->recv; |
463 | |
538 | |
464 | Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that |
539 | Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition |
465 | condition variables are also code references. |
540 | variables are also callable directly. |
466 | |
541 | |
467 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
542 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
468 | my $delay = AnyEvent->timer (after => 5, cb => $done); |
543 | my $delay = AnyEvent->timer (after => 5, cb => $done); |
469 | $done->recv; |
544 | $done->recv; |
470 | |
545 | |
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476 | |
551 | |
477 | ... |
552 | ... |
478 | |
553 | |
479 | my @info = $couchdb->info->recv; |
554 | my @info = $couchdb->info->recv; |
480 | |
555 | |
481 | And this is how you would just ste a callback to be called whenever the |
556 | And this is how you would just set a callback to be called whenever the |
482 | results are available: |
557 | results are available: |
483 | |
558 | |
484 | $couchdb->info->cb (sub { |
559 | $couchdb->info->cb (sub { |
485 | my @info = $_[0]->recv; |
560 | my @info = $_[0]->recv; |
486 | }); |
561 | }); |
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504 | immediately from within send. |
579 | immediately from within send. |
505 | |
580 | |
506 | Any arguments passed to the C<send> call will be returned by all |
581 | Any arguments passed to the C<send> call will be returned by all |
507 | future C<< ->recv >> calls. |
582 | future C<< ->recv >> calls. |
508 | |
583 | |
509 | Condition variables are overloaded so one can call them directly |
584 | Condition variables are overloaded so one can call them directly (as if |
510 | (as a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling |
585 | they were a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling |
511 | C<send>. Note, however, that many C-based event loops do not handle |
586 | C<send>. |
512 | overloading, so as tempting as it may be, passing a condition variable |
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513 | instead of a callback does not work. Both the pure perl and EV loops |
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514 | support overloading, however, as well as all functions that use perl to |
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515 | invoke a callback (as in L<AnyEvent::Socket> and L<AnyEvent::DNS> for |
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516 | example). |
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517 | |
587 | |
518 | =item $cv->croak ($error) |
588 | =item $cv->croak ($error) |
519 | |
589 | |
520 | Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke |
590 | Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke |
521 | C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar. |
591 | C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar. |
522 | |
592 | |
523 | This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable |
593 | This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable |
524 | user/consumer. |
594 | user/consumer. Doing it this way instead of calling C<croak> directly |
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595 | delays the error detetcion, but has the overwhelmign advantage that it |
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596 | diagnoses the error at the place where the result is expected, and not |
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597 | deep in some event clalback without connection to the actual code causing |
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598 | the problem. |
525 | |
599 | |
526 | =item $cv->begin ([group callback]) |
600 | =item $cv->begin ([group callback]) |
527 | |
601 | |
528 | =item $cv->end |
602 | =item $cv->end |
529 | |
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530 | These two methods are EXPERIMENTAL and MIGHT CHANGE. |
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531 | |
603 | |
532 | These two methods can be used to combine many transactions/events into |
604 | These two methods can be used to combine many transactions/events into |
533 | one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want |
605 | one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want |
534 | to use a condition variable for the whole process. |
606 | to use a condition variable for the whole process. |
535 | |
607 | |
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537 | C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end |
609 | C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end |
538 | >>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback |
610 | >>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback |
539 | is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no |
611 | is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no |
540 | callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments. |
612 | callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments. |
541 | |
613 | |
542 | Let's clarify this with the ping example: |
614 | You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call |
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615 | sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND |
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616 | condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends). |
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617 | |
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618 | Let's start with a simple example: you have two I/O watchers (for example, |
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619 | STDOUT and STDERR for a program), and you want to wait for both streams to |
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620 | close before activating a condvar: |
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621 | |
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622 | my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
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623 | |
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624 | $cv->begin; # first watcher |
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625 | my $w1 = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh1, cb => sub { |
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626 | defined sysread $fh1, my $buf, 4096 |
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627 | or $cv->end; |
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628 | }); |
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629 | |
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630 | $cv->begin; # second watcher |
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631 | my $w2 = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh2, cb => sub { |
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632 | defined sysread $fh2, my $buf, 4096 |
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633 | or $cv->end; |
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634 | }); |
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635 | |
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636 | $cv->recv; |
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637 | |
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638 | This works because for every event source (EOF on file handle), there is |
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639 | one call to C<begin>, so the condvar waits for all calls to C<end> before |
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640 | sending. |
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641 | |
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642 | The ping example mentioned above is slightly more complicated, as the |
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643 | there are results to be passwd back, and the number of tasks that are |
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644 | begung can potentially be zero: |
543 | |
645 | |
544 | my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
646 | my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
545 | |
647 | |
546 | my %result; |
648 | my %result; |
547 | $cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) }); |
649 | $cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) }); |
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567 | loop, which serves two important purposes: first, it sets the callback |
669 | loop, which serves two important purposes: first, it sets the callback |
568 | to be called once the counter reaches C<0>, and second, it ensures that |
670 | to be called once the counter reaches C<0>, and second, it ensures that |
569 | C<send> is called even when C<no> hosts are being pinged (the loop |
671 | C<send> is called even when C<no> hosts are being pinged (the loop |
570 | doesn't execute once). |
672 | doesn't execute once). |
571 | |
673 | |
572 | This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple subrequests: |
674 | This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple (but |
573 | use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set the callback and ensure C<end> |
675 | potentially none) subrequests: use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set |
574 | is called at least once, and then, for each subrequest you start, call |
676 | the callback and ensure C<end> is called at least once, and then, for each |
575 | C<begin> and for each subrequest you finish, call C<end>. |
677 | subrequest you start, call C<begin> and for each subrequest you finish, |
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678 | call C<end>. |
576 | |
679 | |
577 | =back |
680 | =back |
578 | |
681 | |
579 | =head3 METHODS FOR CONSUMERS |
682 | =head3 METHODS FOR CONSUMERS |
580 | |
683 | |
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596 | function will call C<croak>. |
699 | function will call C<croak>. |
597 | |
700 | |
598 | In list context, all parameters passed to C<send> will be returned, |
701 | In list context, all parameters passed to C<send> will be returned, |
599 | in scalar context only the first one will be returned. |
702 | in scalar context only the first one will be returned. |
600 | |
703 | |
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704 | Note that doing a blocking wait in a callback is not supported by any |
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705 | event loop, that is, recursive invocation of a blocking C<< ->recv |
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706 | >> is not allowed, and the C<recv> call will C<croak> if such a |
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707 | condition is detected. This condition can be slightly loosened by using |
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708 | L<Coro::AnyEvent>, which allows you to do a blocking C<< ->recv >> from |
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709 | any thread that doesn't run the event loop itself. |
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710 | |
601 | Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case |
711 | Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case |
602 | (programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are |
712 | (programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are |
603 | using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>, but let the |
713 | using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>. Instead, let the |
604 | caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling |
714 | caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling |
605 | condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting |
715 | condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting |
606 | callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block, |
716 | callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block, |
607 | while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires). |
717 | while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires). |
608 | |
718 | |
609 | Another reason I<never> to C<< ->recv >> in a module is that you cannot |
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610 | sensibly have two C<< ->recv >>'s in parallel, as that would require |
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611 | multiple interpreters or coroutines/threads, none of which C<AnyEvent> |
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612 | can supply. |
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613 | |
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614 | The L<Coro> module, however, I<can> and I<does> supply coroutines and, in |
|
|
615 | fact, L<Coro::AnyEvent> replaces AnyEvent's condvars by coroutine-safe |
|
|
616 | versions and also integrates coroutines into AnyEvent, making blocking |
|
|
617 | C<< ->recv >> calls perfectly safe as long as they are done from another |
|
|
618 | coroutine (one that doesn't run the event loop). |
|
|
619 | |
|
|
620 | You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and |
719 | You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and |
621 | only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later |
720 | only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later |
622 | time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking |
721 | time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking |
623 | waits otherwise. |
722 | waits otherwise. |
624 | |
723 | |
… | |
… | |
637 | variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time |
736 | variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time |
638 | is guaranteed not to block. |
737 | is guaranteed not to block. |
639 | |
738 | |
640 | =back |
739 | =back |
641 | |
740 | |
|
|
741 | =head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS |
|
|
742 | |
|
|
743 | The available backend classes are (every class has its own manpage): |
|
|
744 | |
|
|
745 | =over 4 |
|
|
746 | |
|
|
747 | =item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found. |
|
|
748 | |
|
|
749 | EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in |
|
|
750 | use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will try Event, and, failing |
|
|
751 | that, will fall back to its own pure-perl implementation, which is |
|
|
752 | available everywhere as it comes with AnyEvent itself. |
|
|
753 | |
|
|
754 | AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice). |
|
|
755 | AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches. |
|
|
756 | AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable. |
|
|
757 | |
|
|
758 | =item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used. |
|
|
759 | |
|
|
760 | These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher |
|
|
761 | is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using |
|
|
762 | them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend |
|
|
763 | when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to |
|
|
764 | create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program. |
|
|
765 | |
|
|
766 | AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable. |
|
|
767 | AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken. |
|
|
768 | AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse. |
|
|
769 | AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations. |
|
|
770 | |
|
|
771 | =item Backends with special needs. |
|
|
772 | |
|
|
773 | Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will |
|
|
774 | otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program |
|
|
775 | instantiates the application before any AnyEvent watchers are created, |
|
|
776 | everything should just work. |
|
|
777 | |
|
|
778 | AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt. |
|
|
779 | |
|
|
780 | Support for IO::Async can only be partial, as it is too broken and |
|
|
781 | architecturally limited to even support the AnyEvent API. It also |
|
|
782 | is the only event loop that needs the loop to be set explicitly, so |
|
|
783 | it can only be used by a main program knowing about AnyEvent. See |
|
|
784 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::Async> for the gory details. |
|
|
785 | |
|
|
786 | AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync based on IO::Async, cannot be autoprobed. |
|
|
787 | |
|
|
788 | =item Event loops that are indirectly supported via other backends. |
|
|
789 | |
|
|
790 | Some event loops can be supported via other modules: |
|
|
791 | |
|
|
792 | There is no direct support for WxWidgets (L<Wx>) or L<Prima>. |
|
|
793 | |
|
|
794 | B<WxWidgets> has no support for watching file handles. However, you can |
|
|
795 | use WxWidgets through the POE adaptor, as POE has a Wx backend that simply |
|
|
796 | polls 20 times per second, which was considered to be too horrible to even |
|
|
797 | consider for AnyEvent. |
|
|
798 | |
|
|
799 | B<Prima> is not supported as nobody seems to be using it, but it has a POE |
|
|
800 | backend, so it can be supported through POE. |
|
|
801 | |
|
|
802 | AnyEvent knows about both L<Prima> and L<Wx>, however, and will try to |
|
|
803 | load L<POE> when detecting them, in the hope that POE will pick them up, |
|
|
804 | in which case everything will be automatic. |
|
|
805 | |
|
|
806 | =back |
|
|
807 | |
642 | =head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS |
808 | =head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS |
643 | |
809 | |
|
|
810 | These are not normally required to use AnyEvent, but can be useful to |
|
|
811 | write AnyEvent extension modules. |
|
|
812 | |
644 | =over 4 |
813 | =over 4 |
645 | |
814 | |
646 | =item $AnyEvent::MODEL |
815 | =item $AnyEvent::MODEL |
647 | |
816 | |
648 | Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created. Then it |
817 | Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created, before the |
|
|
818 | backend has been autodetected. |
|
|
819 | |
649 | contains the event model that is being used, which is the name of the |
820 | Afterwards it contains the event model that is being used, which is the |
650 | Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one of the |
821 | name of the Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one |
651 | C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the case |
822 | of the C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the |
652 | AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode>). |
823 | case AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode> it |
653 | |
824 | will be C<urxvt::anyevent>). |
654 | The known classes so far are: |
|
|
655 | |
|
|
656 | AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (an interface to libev, best choice). |
|
|
657 | AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, second best choice. |
|
|
658 | AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable. |
|
|
659 | AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, third-best choice. |
|
|
660 | AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very bad choice. |
|
|
661 | AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt, cannot be autoprobed (see its docs). |
|
|
662 | AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse. |
|
|
663 | AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, not generic enough for full support. |
|
|
664 | |
|
|
665 | There is no support for WxWidgets, as WxWidgets has no support for |
|
|
666 | watching file handles. However, you can use WxWidgets through the |
|
|
667 | POE Adaptor, as POE has a Wx backend that simply polls 20 times per |
|
|
668 | second, which was considered to be too horrible to even consider for |
|
|
669 | AnyEvent. Likewise, other POE backends can be used by AnyEvent by using |
|
|
670 | it's adaptor. |
|
|
671 | |
|
|
672 | AnyEvent knows about L<Prima> and L<Wx> and will try to use L<POE> when |
|
|
673 | autodetecting them. |
|
|
674 | |
825 | |
675 | =item AnyEvent::detect |
826 | =item AnyEvent::detect |
676 | |
827 | |
677 | Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model |
828 | Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model |
678 | if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would |
829 | if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would |
679 | have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at |
830 | have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at |
680 | runtime. |
831 | runtime, and not e.g. while initialising of your module. |
|
|
832 | |
|
|
833 | If you need to do some initialisation before AnyEvent watchers are |
|
|
834 | created, use C<post_detect>. |
681 | |
835 | |
682 | =item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK } |
836 | =item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK } |
683 | |
837 | |
684 | Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is |
838 | Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is |
685 | autodetected (or immediately if this has already happened). |
839 | autodetected (or immediately if this has already happened). |
|
|
840 | |
|
|
841 | The block will be executed I<after> the actual backend has been detected |
|
|
842 | (C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> is set), but I<before> any watchers have been |
|
|
843 | created, so it is possible to e.g. patch C<@AnyEvent::ISA> or do |
|
|
844 | other initialisations - see the sources of L<AnyEvent::Strict> or |
|
|
845 | L<AnyEvent::AIO> to see how this is used. |
|
|
846 | |
|
|
847 | The most common usage is to create some global watchers, without forcing |
|
|
848 | event module detection too early, for example, L<AnyEvent::AIO> creates |
|
|
849 | and installs the global L<IO::AIO> watcher in a C<post_detect> block to |
|
|
850 | avoid autodetecting the event module at load time. |
686 | |
851 | |
687 | If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object |
852 | If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object |
688 | that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed. See |
853 | that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed. See |
689 | L<Coro::BDB> for a case where this is useful. |
854 | L<Coro::BDB> for a case where this is useful. |
690 | |
855 | |
… | |
… | |
693 | If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it |
858 | If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it |
694 | before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after |
859 | before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after |
695 | the event loop has been chosen. |
860 | the event loop has been chosen. |
696 | |
861 | |
697 | You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though: |
862 | You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though: |
698 | if it contains a true value then the event loop has already been detected, |
863 | if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the |
699 | and the array will be ignored. |
864 | array will be ignored. |
700 | |
865 | |
701 | Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> instead. |
866 | Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> when your application allows |
|
|
867 | it,as it takes care of these details. |
|
|
868 | |
|
|
869 | This variable is mainly useful for modules that can do something useful |
|
|
870 | when AnyEvent is used and thus want to know when it is initialised, but do |
|
|
871 | not need to even load it by default. This array provides the means to hook |
|
|
872 | into AnyEvent passively, without loading it. |
702 | |
873 | |
703 | =back |
874 | =back |
704 | |
875 | |
705 | =head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE |
876 | =head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE |
706 | |
877 | |
… | |
… | |
761 | |
932 | |
762 | |
933 | |
763 | =head1 OTHER MODULES |
934 | =head1 OTHER MODULES |
764 | |
935 | |
765 | The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use |
936 | The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use |
766 | AnyEvent and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent modules |
937 | AnyEvent as a client and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent |
767 | in the same program. Some of the modules come with AnyEvent, some are |
938 | modules and other event loops in the same program. Some of the modules |
768 | available via CPAN. |
939 | come with AnyEvent, most are available via CPAN. |
769 | |
940 | |
770 | =over 4 |
941 | =over 4 |
771 | |
942 | |
772 | =item L<AnyEvent::Util> |
943 | =item L<AnyEvent::Util> |
773 | |
944 | |
… | |
… | |
782 | |
953 | |
783 | =item L<AnyEvent::Handle> |
954 | =item L<AnyEvent::Handle> |
784 | |
955 | |
785 | Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes, |
956 | Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes, |
786 | supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and |
957 | supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and |
787 | non-blocking SSL/TLS. |
958 | non-blocking SSL/TLS (via L<AnyEvent::TLS>. |
788 | |
959 | |
789 | =item L<AnyEvent::DNS> |
960 | =item L<AnyEvent::DNS> |
790 | |
961 | |
791 | Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities. |
962 | Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities. |
792 | |
963 | |
… | |
… | |
820 | |
991 | |
821 | =item L<AnyEvent::GPSD> |
992 | =item L<AnyEvent::GPSD> |
822 | |
993 | |
823 | A non-blocking interface to gpsd, a daemon delivering GPS information. |
994 | A non-blocking interface to gpsd, a daemon delivering GPS information. |
824 | |
995 | |
|
|
996 | =item L<AnyEvent::IRC> |
|
|
997 | |
|
|
998 | AnyEvent based IRC client module family (replacing the older Net::IRC3). |
|
|
999 | |
|
|
1000 | =item L<AnyEvent::XMPP> |
|
|
1001 | |
|
|
1002 | AnyEvent based XMPP (Jabber protocol) module family (replacing the older |
|
|
1003 | Net::XMPP2>. |
|
|
1004 | |
825 | =item L<AnyEvent::IGS> |
1005 | =item L<AnyEvent::IGS> |
826 | |
1006 | |
827 | A non-blocking interface to the Internet Go Server protocol (used by |
1007 | A non-blocking interface to the Internet Go Server protocol (used by |
828 | L<App::IGS>). |
1008 | L<App::IGS>). |
829 | |
1009 | |
830 | =item L<AnyEvent::IRC> |
|
|
831 | |
|
|
832 | AnyEvent based IRC client module family (replacing the older Net::IRC3). |
|
|
833 | |
|
|
834 | =item L<Net::XMPP2> |
|
|
835 | |
|
|
836 | AnyEvent based XMPP (Jabber protocol) module family. |
|
|
837 | |
|
|
838 | =item L<Net::FCP> |
1010 | =item L<Net::FCP> |
839 | |
1011 | |
840 | AnyEvent-based implementation of the Freenet Client Protocol, birthplace |
1012 | AnyEvent-based implementation of the Freenet Client Protocol, birthplace |
841 | of AnyEvent. |
1013 | of AnyEvent. |
842 | |
1014 | |
… | |
… | |
846 | |
1018 | |
847 | =item L<Coro> |
1019 | =item L<Coro> |
848 | |
1020 | |
849 | Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>. |
1021 | Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>. |
850 | |
1022 | |
851 | =item L<IO::Lambda> |
|
|
852 | |
|
|
853 | The lambda approach to I/O - don't ask, look there. Can use AnyEvent. |
|
|
854 | |
|
|
855 | =back |
1023 | =back |
856 | |
1024 | |
857 | =cut |
1025 | =cut |
858 | |
1026 | |
859 | package AnyEvent; |
1027 | package AnyEvent; |
860 | |
1028 | |
861 | no warnings; |
1029 | no warnings; |
862 | use strict qw(vars subs); |
1030 | use strict qw(vars subs); |
863 | |
1031 | |
864 | use Carp; |
1032 | use Carp (); |
865 | |
1033 | |
866 | our $VERSION = 4.3; |
1034 | our $VERSION = 4.83; |
867 | our $MODEL; |
1035 | our $MODEL; |
868 | |
1036 | |
869 | our $AUTOLOAD; |
1037 | our $AUTOLOAD; |
870 | our @ISA; |
1038 | our @ISA; |
871 | |
1039 | |
872 | our @REGISTRY; |
1040 | our @REGISTRY; |
873 | |
1041 | |
874 | our $WIN32; |
1042 | our $WIN32; |
875 | |
1043 | |
876 | BEGIN { |
1044 | BEGIN { |
877 | my $win32 = ! ! ($^O =~ /mswin32/i); |
1045 | eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }"; |
878 | eval "sub WIN32(){ $win32 }"; |
1046 | eval "sub TAINT(){ " . (${^TAINT}*1) . " }"; |
|
|
1047 | |
|
|
1048 | delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV} |
|
|
1049 | if ${^TAINT}; |
879 | } |
1050 | } |
880 | |
1051 | |
881 | our $verbose = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1; |
1052 | our $verbose = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1; |
882 | |
1053 | |
883 | our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4|ipv6) => (1|2), higher numbers are preferred |
1054 | our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4|ipv6) => (1|2), higher numbers are preferred |
… | |
… | |
894 | [Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::], |
1065 | [Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::], |
895 | [AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::], |
1066 | [AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::], |
896 | # everything below here will not be autoprobed |
1067 | # everything below here will not be autoprobed |
897 | # as the pureperl backend should work everywhere |
1068 | # as the pureperl backend should work everywhere |
898 | # and is usually faster |
1069 | # and is usually faster |
899 | [Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles |
|
|
900 | [Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers |
1070 | [Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers |
901 | [Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy |
1071 | [Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy |
|
|
1072 | [Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles |
902 | [Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program |
1073 | [Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program |
903 | [POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza |
1074 | [POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza |
904 | [Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
1075 | [Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
905 | [Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
1076 | [Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
|
|
1077 | # IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its |
|
|
1078 | # byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others. |
|
|
1079 | # IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any |
|
|
1080 | # obvious default class. |
|
|
1081 | # [IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program |
|
|
1082 | # [IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program |
|
|
1083 | # [IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program |
906 | ); |
1084 | ); |
907 | |
1085 | |
908 | our %method = map +($_ => 1), qw(io timer time now signal child condvar one_event DESTROY); |
1086 | our %method = map +($_ => 1), |
|
|
1087 | qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY); |
909 | |
1088 | |
910 | our @post_detect; |
1089 | our @post_detect; |
911 | |
1090 | |
912 | sub post_detect(&) { |
1091 | sub post_detect(&) { |
913 | my ($cb) = @_; |
1092 | my ($cb) = @_; |
… | |
… | |
918 | 1 |
1097 | 1 |
919 | } else { |
1098 | } else { |
920 | push @post_detect, $cb; |
1099 | push @post_detect, $cb; |
921 | |
1100 | |
922 | defined wantarray |
1101 | defined wantarray |
923 | ? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::PostDetect" |
1102 | ? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect" |
924 | : () |
1103 | : () |
925 | } |
1104 | } |
926 | } |
1105 | } |
927 | |
1106 | |
928 | sub AnyEvent::Util::PostDetect::DESTROY { |
1107 | sub AnyEvent::Util::postdetect::DESTROY { |
929 | @post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect; |
1108 | @post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect; |
930 | } |
1109 | } |
931 | |
1110 | |
932 | sub detect() { |
1111 | sub detect() { |
933 | unless ($MODEL) { |
1112 | unless ($MODEL) { |
… | |
… | |
936 | |
1115 | |
937 | if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) { |
1116 | if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) { |
938 | my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1"; |
1117 | my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1"; |
939 | if (eval "require $model") { |
1118 | if (eval "require $model") { |
940 | $MODEL = $model; |
1119 | $MODEL = $model; |
941 | warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL), using it.\n" if $verbose > 1; |
1120 | warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}), using it.\n" if $verbose > 1; |
942 | } else { |
1121 | } else { |
943 | warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL):\n$@" if $verbose; |
1122 | warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}):\n$@" if $verbose; |
944 | } |
1123 | } |
945 | } |
1124 | } |
946 | |
1125 | |
947 | # check for already loaded models |
1126 | # check for already loaded models |
948 | unless ($MODEL) { |
1127 | unless ($MODEL) { |
… | |
… | |
970 | last; |
1149 | last; |
971 | } |
1150 | } |
972 | } |
1151 | } |
973 | |
1152 | |
974 | $MODEL |
1153 | $MODEL |
975 | or die "No event module selected for AnyEvent and autodetect failed. Install any one of these modules: EV, Event or Glib."; |
1154 | or die "No event module selected for AnyEvent and autodetect failed. Install any one of these modules: EV, Event or Glib.\n"; |
976 | } |
1155 | } |
977 | } |
1156 | } |
978 | |
1157 | |
979 | push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base"; |
1158 | push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base"; |
980 | |
1159 | |
… | |
… | |
990 | |
1169 | |
991 | sub AUTOLOAD { |
1170 | sub AUTOLOAD { |
992 | (my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://; |
1171 | (my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://; |
993 | |
1172 | |
994 | $method{$func} |
1173 | $method{$func} |
995 | or croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects"; |
1174 | or Carp::croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects"; |
996 | |
1175 | |
997 | detect unless $MODEL; |
1176 | detect unless $MODEL; |
998 | |
1177 | |
999 | my $class = shift; |
1178 | my $class = shift; |
1000 | $class->$func (@_); |
1179 | $class->$func (@_); |
1001 | } |
1180 | } |
1002 | |
1181 | |
1003 | # utility function to dup a filehandle. this is used by many backends |
1182 | # utility function to dup a filehandle. this is used by many backends |
1004 | # to support binding more than one watcher per filehandle (they usually |
1183 | # to support binding more than one watcher per filehandle (they usually |
1005 | # allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one). |
1184 | # allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one). |
1006 | sub _dupfh($$$$) { |
1185 | sub _dupfh($$;$$) { |
1007 | my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_; |
1186 | my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_; |
1008 | |
1187 | |
1009 | require Fcntl; |
|
|
1010 | |
|
|
1011 | # cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't |
1188 | # cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't |
1012 | my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<") |
1189 | my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<&") : ($w, ">&"); |
1013 | : $poll eq "w" ? ($w, ">") |
|
|
1014 | : Carp::croak "AnyEvent->io requires poll set to either 'r' or 'w'"; |
|
|
1015 | |
1190 | |
1016 | open my $fh2, "$mode&" . fileno $fh |
1191 | open my $fh2, $mode, $fh |
1017 | or die "cannot dup() filehandle: $!"; |
1192 | or die "AnyEvent->io: cannot dup() filehandle in mode '$poll': $!,"; |
1018 | |
1193 | |
1019 | # we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases |
1194 | # we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases |
1020 | |
1195 | |
1021 | ($fh2, $rw) |
1196 | ($fh2, $rw) |
1022 | } |
1197 | } |
1023 | |
1198 | |
1024 | package AnyEvent::Base; |
1199 | package AnyEvent::Base; |
1025 | |
1200 | |
1026 | # default implementation for now and time |
1201 | # default implementations for many methods |
1027 | |
1202 | |
1028 | BEGIN { |
1203 | BEGIN { |
1029 | if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); time (); 1") { |
1204 | if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") { |
1030 | *_time = \&Time::HiRes::time; |
1205 | *_time = \&Time::HiRes::time; |
1031 | # if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())... |
1206 | # if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())... |
1032 | } else { |
1207 | } else { |
1033 | *_time = sub { time }; # epic fail |
1208 | *_time = sub { time }; # epic fail |
1034 | } |
1209 | } |
1035 | } |
1210 | } |
1036 | |
1211 | |
1037 | sub time { _time } |
1212 | sub time { _time } |
1038 | sub now { _time } |
1213 | sub now { _time } |
|
|
1214 | sub now_update { } |
1039 | |
1215 | |
1040 | # default implementation for ->condvar |
1216 | # default implementation for ->condvar |
1041 | |
1217 | |
1042 | sub condvar { |
1218 | sub condvar { |
1043 | bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, AnyEvent::CondVar:: |
1219 | bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar" |
1044 | } |
1220 | } |
1045 | |
1221 | |
1046 | # default implementation for ->signal |
1222 | # default implementation for ->signal |
1047 | |
1223 | |
1048 | our %SIG_CB; |
1224 | our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO); |
|
|
1225 | |
|
|
1226 | sub _signal_exec { |
|
|
1227 | sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 4; |
|
|
1228 | |
|
|
1229 | while (%SIG_EV) { |
|
|
1230 | for (keys %SIG_EV) { |
|
|
1231 | delete $SIG_EV{$_}; |
|
|
1232 | $_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} || {} }; |
|
|
1233 | } |
|
|
1234 | } |
|
|
1235 | } |
1049 | |
1236 | |
1050 | sub signal { |
1237 | sub signal { |
1051 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1238 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1052 | |
1239 | |
|
|
1240 | unless ($SIGPIPE_R) { |
|
|
1241 | require Fcntl; |
|
|
1242 | |
|
|
1243 | if (AnyEvent::WIN32) { |
|
|
1244 | require AnyEvent::Util; |
|
|
1245 | |
|
|
1246 | ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe (); |
|
|
1247 | AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R) if $SIGPIPE_R; |
|
|
1248 | AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case |
|
|
1249 | } else { |
|
|
1250 | pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W; |
|
|
1251 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R; |
|
|
1252 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case |
|
|
1253 | |
|
|
1254 | # not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure... |
|
|
1255 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC; |
|
|
1256 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC; |
|
|
1257 | } |
|
|
1258 | |
|
|
1259 | $SIGPIPE_R |
|
|
1260 | or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n"; |
|
|
1261 | |
|
|
1262 | $SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec); |
|
|
1263 | } |
|
|
1264 | |
1053 | my $signal = uc $arg{signal} |
1265 | my $signal = uc $arg{signal} |
1054 | or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing"; |
1266 | or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing"; |
1055 | |
1267 | |
1056 | $SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
1268 | $SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
1057 | $SIG{$signal} ||= sub { |
1269 | $SIG{$signal} ||= sub { |
1058 | $_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} || {} }; |
1270 | local $!; |
|
|
1271 | syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV; |
|
|
1272 | undef $SIG_EV{$signal}; |
1059 | }; |
1273 | }; |
1060 | |
1274 | |
1061 | bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::Signal" |
1275 | bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal" |
1062 | } |
1276 | } |
1063 | |
1277 | |
1064 | sub AnyEvent::Base::Signal::DESTROY { |
1278 | sub AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY { |
1065 | my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
1279 | my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
1066 | |
1280 | |
1067 | delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb}; |
1281 | delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb}; |
1068 | |
1282 | |
|
|
1283 | # delete doesn't work with older perls - they then |
|
|
1284 | # print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit |
|
|
1285 | # instead of getting the default action. |
1069 | delete $SIG{$signal} unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} }; |
1286 | undef $SIG{$signal} unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} }; |
1070 | } |
1287 | } |
1071 | |
1288 | |
1072 | # default implementation for ->child |
1289 | # default implementation for ->child |
1073 | |
1290 | |
1074 | our %PID_CB; |
1291 | our %PID_CB; |
1075 | our $CHLD_W; |
1292 | our $CHLD_W; |
1076 | our $CHLD_DELAY_W; |
1293 | our $CHLD_DELAY_W; |
1077 | our $PID_IDLE; |
|
|
1078 | our $WNOHANG; |
1294 | our $WNOHANG; |
1079 | |
1295 | |
1080 | sub _child_wait { |
1296 | sub _sigchld { |
1081 | while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) { |
1297 | while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) { |
1082 | $_->($pid, $?) for (values %{ $PID_CB{$pid} || {} }), |
1298 | $_->($pid, $?) for (values %{ $PID_CB{$pid} || {} }), |
1083 | (values %{ $PID_CB{0} || {} }); |
1299 | (values %{ $PID_CB{0} || {} }); |
1084 | } |
1300 | } |
1085 | |
|
|
1086 | undef $PID_IDLE; |
|
|
1087 | } |
|
|
1088 | |
|
|
1089 | sub _sigchld { |
|
|
1090 | # make sure we deliver these changes "synchronous" with the event loop. |
|
|
1091 | $CHLD_DELAY_W ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => 0, cb => sub { |
|
|
1092 | undef $CHLD_DELAY_W; |
|
|
1093 | &_child_wait; |
|
|
1094 | }); |
|
|
1095 | } |
1301 | } |
1096 | |
1302 | |
1097 | sub child { |
1303 | sub child { |
1098 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1304 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1099 | |
1305 | |
1100 | defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0) |
1306 | defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0) |
1101 | or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing"; |
1307 | or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing"; |
1102 | |
1308 | |
1103 | $PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
1309 | $PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
1104 | |
1310 | |
1105 | unless ($WNOHANG) { |
|
|
1106 | $WNOHANG = eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } || 1; |
1311 | $WNOHANG ||= eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } || 1; |
1107 | } |
|
|
1108 | |
1312 | |
1109 | unless ($CHLD_W) { |
1313 | unless ($CHLD_W) { |
1110 | $CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld); |
1314 | $CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld); |
1111 | # child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round |
1315 | # child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round |
1112 | &_sigchld; |
1316 | &_sigchld; |
1113 | } |
1317 | } |
1114 | |
1318 | |
1115 | bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::Child" |
1319 | bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child" |
1116 | } |
1320 | } |
1117 | |
1321 | |
1118 | sub AnyEvent::Base::Child::DESTROY { |
1322 | sub AnyEvent::Base::child::DESTROY { |
1119 | my ($pid, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
1323 | my ($pid, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
1120 | |
1324 | |
1121 | delete $PID_CB{$pid}{$cb}; |
1325 | delete $PID_CB{$pid}{$cb}; |
1122 | delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} }; |
1326 | delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} }; |
1123 | |
1327 | |
1124 | undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB; |
1328 | undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB; |
|
|
1329 | } |
|
|
1330 | |
|
|
1331 | # idle emulation is done by simply using a timer, regardless |
|
|
1332 | # of whether the process is idle or not, and not letting |
|
|
1333 | # the callback use more than 50% of the time. |
|
|
1334 | sub idle { |
|
|
1335 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
|
|
1336 | |
|
|
1337 | my ($cb, $w, $rcb) = $arg{cb}; |
|
|
1338 | |
|
|
1339 | $rcb = sub { |
|
|
1340 | if ($cb) { |
|
|
1341 | $w = _time; |
|
|
1342 | &$cb; |
|
|
1343 | $w = _time - $w; |
|
|
1344 | |
|
|
1345 | # never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher, |
|
|
1346 | # within some limits |
|
|
1347 | $w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001; |
|
|
1348 | $w = 5 if $w > 5; |
|
|
1349 | |
|
|
1350 | $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $w, cb => $rcb); |
|
|
1351 | } else { |
|
|
1352 | # clean up... |
|
|
1353 | undef $w; |
|
|
1354 | undef $rcb; |
|
|
1355 | } |
|
|
1356 | }; |
|
|
1357 | |
|
|
1358 | $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 0.05, cb => $rcb); |
|
|
1359 | |
|
|
1360 | bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle" |
|
|
1361 | } |
|
|
1362 | |
|
|
1363 | sub AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY { |
|
|
1364 | undef $${$_[0]}; |
1125 | } |
1365 | } |
1126 | |
1366 | |
1127 | package AnyEvent::CondVar; |
1367 | package AnyEvent::CondVar; |
1128 | |
1368 | |
1129 | our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::; |
1369 | our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::; |
… | |
… | |
1131 | package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base; |
1371 | package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base; |
1132 | |
1372 | |
1133 | use overload |
1373 | use overload |
1134 | '&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } }, |
1374 | '&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } }, |
1135 | fallback => 1; |
1375 | fallback => 1; |
|
|
1376 | |
|
|
1377 | our $WAITING; |
1136 | |
1378 | |
1137 | sub _send { |
1379 | sub _send { |
1138 | # nop |
1380 | # nop |
1139 | } |
1381 | } |
1140 | |
1382 | |
… | |
… | |
1153 | sub ready { |
1395 | sub ready { |
1154 | $_[0]{_ae_sent} |
1396 | $_[0]{_ae_sent} |
1155 | } |
1397 | } |
1156 | |
1398 | |
1157 | sub _wait { |
1399 | sub _wait { |
|
|
1400 | $WAITING |
|
|
1401 | and !$_[0]{_ae_sent} |
|
|
1402 | and Carp::croak "AnyEvent::CondVar: recursive blocking wait detected"; |
|
|
1403 | |
|
|
1404 | local $WAITING = 1; |
1158 | AnyEvent->one_event while !$_[0]{_ae_sent}; |
1405 | AnyEvent->one_event while !$_[0]{_ae_sent}; |
1159 | } |
1406 | } |
1160 | |
1407 | |
1161 | sub recv { |
1408 | sub recv { |
1162 | $_[0]->_wait; |
1409 | $_[0]->_wait; |
… | |
… | |
1203 | so on. |
1450 | so on. |
1204 | |
1451 | |
1205 | =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES |
1452 | =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES |
1206 | |
1453 | |
1207 | The following environment variables are used by this module or its |
1454 | The following environment variables are used by this module or its |
1208 | submodules: |
1455 | submodules. |
|
|
1456 | |
|
|
1457 | Note that AnyEvent will remove I<all> environment variables starting with |
|
|
1458 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_> from C<%ENV> when it is loaded while taint mode is |
|
|
1459 | enabled. |
1209 | |
1460 | |
1210 | =over 4 |
1461 | =over 4 |
1211 | |
1462 | |
1212 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE> |
1463 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE> |
1213 | |
1464 | |
… | |
… | |
1225 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT> |
1476 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT> |
1226 | |
1477 | |
1227 | AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough |
1478 | AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough |
1228 | argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value |
1479 | argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value |
1229 | will cause AnyEvent to load C<AnyEvent::Strict> and then to thoroughly |
1480 | will cause AnyEvent to load C<AnyEvent::Strict> and then to thoroughly |
1230 | check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems |
1481 | check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems, |
1231 | it will croak. |
1482 | it will croak. |
1232 | |
1483 | |
1233 | In other words, enables "strict" mode. |
1484 | In other words, enables "strict" mode. |
1234 | |
1485 | |
1235 | Unlike C<use strict>, it is definitely recommended ot keep it off in |
1486 | Unlike C<use strict>, it is definitely recommended to keep it off in |
1236 | production. Keeping C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while |
1487 | production. Keeping C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while |
1237 | developing programs can be very useful, however. |
1488 | developing programs can be very useful, however. |
1238 | |
1489 | |
1239 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL> |
1490 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL> |
1240 | |
1491 | |
… | |
… | |
1263 | used, and preference will be given to protocols mentioned earlier in the |
1514 | used, and preference will be given to protocols mentioned earlier in the |
1264 | list. |
1515 | list. |
1265 | |
1516 | |
1266 | This variable can effectively be used for denial-of-service attacks |
1517 | This variable can effectively be used for denial-of-service attacks |
1267 | against local programs (e.g. when setuid), although the impact is likely |
1518 | against local programs (e.g. when setuid), although the impact is likely |
1268 | small, as the program has to handle connection errors already- |
1519 | small, as the program has to handle conenction and other failures anyways. |
1269 | |
1520 | |
1270 | Examples: C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv4,ipv6> - prefer IPv4 over IPv6, |
1521 | Examples: C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv4,ipv6> - prefer IPv4 over IPv6, |
1271 | but support both and try to use both. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv4> |
1522 | but support both and try to use both. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv4> |
1272 | - only support IPv4, never try to resolve or contact IPv6 |
1523 | - only support IPv4, never try to resolve or contact IPv6 |
1273 | addresses. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv6,ipv4> support either IPv4 or |
1524 | addresses. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv6,ipv4> support either IPv4 or |
… | |
… | |
1285 | |
1536 | |
1286 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS> |
1537 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS> |
1287 | |
1538 | |
1288 | The maximum number of child processes that C<AnyEvent::Util::fork_call> |
1539 | The maximum number of child processes that C<AnyEvent::Util::fork_call> |
1289 | will create in parallel. |
1540 | will create in parallel. |
|
|
1541 | |
|
|
1542 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_OUTSTANDING_DNS> |
|
|
1543 | |
|
|
1544 | The default value for the C<max_outstanding> parameter for the default DNS |
|
|
1545 | resolver - this is the maximum number of parallel DNS requests that are |
|
|
1546 | sent to the DNS server. |
|
|
1547 | |
|
|
1548 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_RESOLV_CONF> |
|
|
1549 | |
|
|
1550 | The file to use instead of F</etc/resolv.conf> (or OS-specific |
|
|
1551 | configuration) in the default resolver. When set to the empty string, no |
|
|
1552 | default config will be used. |
|
|
1553 | |
|
|
1554 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_FILE>, C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_PATH>. |
|
|
1555 | |
|
|
1556 | When neither C<ca_file> nor C<ca_path> was specified during |
|
|
1557 | L<AnyEvent::TLS> context creation, and either of these environment |
|
|
1558 | variables exist, they will be used to specify CA certificate locations |
|
|
1559 | instead of a system-dependent default. |
1290 | |
1560 | |
1291 | =back |
1561 | =back |
1292 | |
1562 | |
1293 | =head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE |
1563 | =head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE |
1294 | |
1564 | |
… | |
… | |
1533 | watcher. |
1803 | watcher. |
1534 | |
1804 | |
1535 | =head3 Results |
1805 | =head3 Results |
1536 | |
1806 | |
1537 | name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment |
1807 | name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment |
1538 | EV/EV 400000 244 0.56 0.46 0.31 EV native interface |
1808 | EV/EV 400000 224 0.47 0.35 0.27 EV native interface |
1539 | EV/Any 100000 244 2.50 0.46 0.29 EV + AnyEvent watchers |
1809 | EV/Any 100000 224 2.88 0.34 0.27 EV + AnyEvent watchers |
1540 | CoroEV/Any 100000 244 2.49 0.44 0.29 coroutines + Coro::Signal |
1810 | CoroEV/Any 100000 224 2.85 0.35 0.28 coroutines + Coro::Signal |
1541 | Perl/Any 100000 513 4.92 0.87 1.12 pure perl implementation |
1811 | Perl/Any 100000 452 4.13 0.73 0.95 pure perl implementation |
1542 | Event/Event 16000 516 31.88 31.30 0.85 Event native interface |
1812 | Event/Event 16000 517 32.20 31.80 0.81 Event native interface |
1543 | Event/Any 16000 590 35.75 31.42 1.08 Event + AnyEvent watchers |
1813 | Event/Any 16000 590 35.85 31.55 1.06 Event + AnyEvent watchers |
|
|
1814 | IOAsync/Any 16000 989 38.10 32.77 11.13 via IO::Async::Loop::IO_Poll |
|
|
1815 | IOAsync/Any 16000 990 37.59 29.50 10.61 via IO::Async::Loop::Epoll |
1544 | Glib/Any 16000 1357 98.22 12.41 54.00 quadratic behaviour |
1816 | Glib/Any 16000 1357 102.33 12.31 51.00 quadratic behaviour |
1545 | Tk/Any 2000 1860 26.97 67.98 14.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers |
1817 | Tk/Any 2000 1860 27.20 66.31 14.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers |
1546 | POE/Event 2000 6644 108.64 736.02 14.73 via POE::Loop::Event |
1818 | POE/Event 2000 6328 109.99 751.67 14.02 via POE::Loop::Event |
1547 | POE/Select 2000 6343 94.13 809.12 565.96 via POE::Loop::Select |
1819 | POE/Select 2000 6027 94.54 809.13 579.80 via POE::Loop::Select |
1548 | |
1820 | |
1549 | =head3 Discussion |
1821 | =head3 Discussion |
1550 | |
1822 | |
1551 | The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very |
1823 | The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very |
1552 | well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one) |
1824 | well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one) |
… | |
… | |
1577 | performance becomes really bad with lots of file descriptors (and few of |
1849 | performance becomes really bad with lots of file descriptors (and few of |
1578 | them active), of course, but this was not subject of this benchmark. |
1850 | them active), of course, but this was not subject of this benchmark. |
1579 | |
1851 | |
1580 | The C<Event> module has a relatively high setup and callback invocation |
1852 | The C<Event> module has a relatively high setup and callback invocation |
1581 | cost, but overall scores in on the third place. |
1853 | cost, but overall scores in on the third place. |
|
|
1854 | |
|
|
1855 | C<IO::Async> performs admirably well, about on par with C<Event>, even |
|
|
1856 | when using its pure perl backend. |
1582 | |
1857 | |
1583 | C<Glib>'s memory usage is quite a bit higher, but it features a |
1858 | C<Glib>'s memory usage is quite a bit higher, but it features a |
1584 | faster callback invocation and overall ends up in the same class as |
1859 | faster callback invocation and overall ends up in the same class as |
1585 | C<Event>. However, Glib scales extremely badly, doubling the number of |
1860 | C<Event>. However, Glib scales extremely badly, doubling the number of |
1586 | watchers increases the processing time by more than a factor of four, |
1861 | watchers increases the processing time by more than a factor of four, |
… | |
… | |
1664 | it to another server. This includes deleting the old timeout and creating |
1939 | it to another server. This includes deleting the old timeout and creating |
1665 | a new one that moves the timeout into the future. |
1940 | a new one that moves the timeout into the future. |
1666 | |
1941 | |
1667 | =head3 Results |
1942 | =head3 Results |
1668 | |
1943 | |
1669 | name sockets create request |
1944 | name sockets create request |
1670 | EV 20000 69.01 11.16 |
1945 | EV 20000 69.01 11.16 |
1671 | Perl 20000 73.32 35.87 |
1946 | Perl 20000 73.32 35.87 |
|
|
1947 | IOAsync 20000 157.00 98.14 epoll |
|
|
1948 | IOAsync 20000 159.31 616.06 poll |
1672 | Event 20000 212.62 257.32 |
1949 | Event 20000 212.62 257.32 |
1673 | Glib 20000 651.16 1896.30 |
1950 | Glib 20000 651.16 1896.30 |
1674 | POE 20000 349.67 12317.24 uses POE::Loop::Event |
1951 | POE 20000 349.67 12317.24 uses POE::Loop::Event |
1675 | |
1952 | |
1676 | =head3 Discussion |
1953 | =head3 Discussion |
1677 | |
1954 | |
1678 | This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the |
1955 | This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the |
1679 | particular event loop. |
1956 | particular event loop. |
… | |
… | |
1681 | EV is again fastest. Since it is using epoll on my system, the setup time |
1958 | EV is again fastest. Since it is using epoll on my system, the setup time |
1682 | is relatively high, though. |
1959 | is relatively high, though. |
1683 | |
1960 | |
1684 | Perl surprisingly comes second. It is much faster than the C-based event |
1961 | Perl surprisingly comes second. It is much faster than the C-based event |
1685 | loops Event and Glib. |
1962 | loops Event and Glib. |
|
|
1963 | |
|
|
1964 | IO::Async performs very well when using its epoll backend, and still quite |
|
|
1965 | good compared to Glib when using its pure perl backend. |
1686 | |
1966 | |
1687 | Event suffers from high setup time as well (look at its code and you will |
1967 | Event suffers from high setup time as well (look at its code and you will |
1688 | understand why). Callback invocation also has a high overhead compared to |
1968 | understand why). Callback invocation also has a high overhead compared to |
1689 | the C<< $_->() for .. >>-style loop that the Perl event loop uses. Event |
1969 | the C<< $_->() for .. >>-style loop that the Perl event loop uses. Event |
1690 | uses select or poll in basically all documented configurations. |
1970 | uses select or poll in basically all documented configurations. |
… | |
… | |
1753 | =item * C-based event loops perform very well with small number of |
2033 | =item * C-based event loops perform very well with small number of |
1754 | watchers, as the management overhead dominates. |
2034 | watchers, as the management overhead dominates. |
1755 | |
2035 | |
1756 | =back |
2036 | =back |
1757 | |
2037 | |
|
|
2038 | =head2 THE IO::Lambda BENCHMARK |
|
|
2039 | |
|
|
2040 | Recently I was told about the benchmark in the IO::Lambda manpage, which |
|
|
2041 | could be misinterpreted to make AnyEvent look bad. In fact, the benchmark |
|
|
2042 | simply compares IO::Lambda with POE, and IO::Lambda looks better (which |
|
|
2043 | shouldn't come as a surprise to anybody). As such, the benchmark is |
|
|
2044 | fine, and mostly shows that the AnyEvent backend from IO::Lambda isn't |
|
|
2045 | very optimal. But how would AnyEvent compare when used without the extra |
|
|
2046 | baggage? To explore this, I wrote the equivalent benchmark for AnyEvent. |
|
|
2047 | |
|
|
2048 | The benchmark itself creates an echo-server, and then, for 500 times, |
|
|
2049 | connects to the echo server, sends a line, waits for the reply, and then |
|
|
2050 | creates the next connection. This is a rather bad benchmark, as it doesn't |
|
|
2051 | test the efficiency of the framework or much non-blocking I/O, but it is a |
|
|
2052 | benchmark nevertheless. |
|
|
2053 | |
|
|
2054 | name runtime |
|
|
2055 | Lambda/select 0.330 sec |
|
|
2056 | + optimized 0.122 sec |
|
|
2057 | Lambda/AnyEvent 0.327 sec |
|
|
2058 | + optimized 0.138 sec |
|
|
2059 | Raw sockets/select 0.077 sec |
|
|
2060 | POE/select, components 0.662 sec |
|
|
2061 | POE/select, raw sockets 0.226 sec |
|
|
2062 | POE/select, optimized 0.404 sec |
|
|
2063 | |
|
|
2064 | AnyEvent/select/nb 0.085 sec |
|
|
2065 | AnyEvent/EV/nb 0.068 sec |
|
|
2066 | +state machine 0.134 sec |
|
|
2067 | |
|
|
2068 | The benchmark is also a bit unfair (my fault): the IO::Lambda/POE |
|
|
2069 | benchmarks actually make blocking connects and use 100% blocking I/O, |
|
|
2070 | defeating the purpose of an event-based solution. All of the newly |
|
|
2071 | written AnyEvent benchmarks use 100% non-blocking connects (using |
|
|
2072 | AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect and the asynchronous pure perl DNS |
|
|
2073 | resolver), so AnyEvent is at a disadvantage here, as non-blocking connects |
|
|
2074 | generally require a lot more bookkeeping and event handling than blocking |
|
|
2075 | connects (which involve a single syscall only). |
|
|
2076 | |
|
|
2077 | The last AnyEvent benchmark additionally uses L<AnyEvent::Handle>, which |
|
|
2078 | offers similar expressive power as POE and IO::Lambda, using conventional |
|
|
2079 | Perl syntax. This means that both the echo server and the client are 100% |
|
|
2080 | non-blocking, further placing it at a disadvantage. |
|
|
2081 | |
|
|
2082 | As you can see, the AnyEvent + EV combination even beats the |
|
|
2083 | hand-optimised "raw sockets benchmark", while AnyEvent + its pure perl |
|
|
2084 | backend easily beats IO::Lambda and POE. |
|
|
2085 | |
|
|
2086 | And even the 100% non-blocking version written using the high-level (and |
|
|
2087 | slow :) L<AnyEvent::Handle> abstraction beats both POE and IO::Lambda by a |
|
|
2088 | large margin, even though it does all of DNS, tcp-connect and socket I/O |
|
|
2089 | in a non-blocking way. |
|
|
2090 | |
|
|
2091 | The two AnyEvent benchmarks programs can be found as F<eg/ae0.pl> and |
|
|
2092 | F<eg/ae2.pl> in the AnyEvent distribution, the remaining benchmarks are |
|
|
2093 | part of the IO::lambda distribution and were used without any changes. |
|
|
2094 | |
1758 | |
2095 | |
1759 | =head1 SIGNALS |
2096 | =head1 SIGNALS |
1760 | |
2097 | |
1761 | AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals: |
2098 | AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals: |
1762 | |
2099 | |
… | |
… | |
1765 | =item SIGCHLD |
2102 | =item SIGCHLD |
1766 | |
2103 | |
1767 | A handler for C<SIGCHLD> is installed by AnyEvent's child watcher |
2104 | A handler for C<SIGCHLD> is installed by AnyEvent's child watcher |
1768 | emulation for event loops that do not support them natively. Also, some |
2105 | emulation for event loops that do not support them natively. Also, some |
1769 | event loops install a similar handler. |
2106 | event loops install a similar handler. |
|
|
2107 | |
|
|
2108 | Additionally, when AnyEvent is loaded and SIGCHLD is set to IGNORE, then |
|
|
2109 | AnyEvent will reset it to default, to avoid losing child exit statuses. |
1770 | |
2110 | |
1771 | =item SIGPIPE |
2111 | =item SIGPIPE |
1772 | |
2112 | |
1773 | A no-op handler is installed for C<SIGPIPE> when C<$SIG{PIPE}> is C<undef> |
2113 | A no-op handler is installed for C<SIGPIPE> when C<$SIG{PIPE}> is C<undef> |
1774 | when AnyEvent gets loaded. |
2114 | when AnyEvent gets loaded. |
… | |
… | |
1786 | |
2126 | |
1787 | =back |
2127 | =back |
1788 | |
2128 | |
1789 | =cut |
2129 | =cut |
1790 | |
2130 | |
|
|
2131 | undef $SIG{CHLD} |
|
|
2132 | if $SIG{CHLD} eq 'IGNORE'; |
|
|
2133 | |
1791 | $SIG{PIPE} = sub { } |
2134 | $SIG{PIPE} = sub { } |
1792 | unless defined $SIG{PIPE}; |
2135 | unless defined $SIG{PIPE}; |
1793 | |
|
|
1794 | |
2136 | |
1795 | =head1 FORK |
2137 | =head1 FORK |
1796 | |
2138 | |
1797 | Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are |
2139 | Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are |
1798 | because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll> |
2140 | because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll> |
… | |
… | |
1819 | use AnyEvent; |
2161 | use AnyEvent; |
1820 | |
2162 | |
1821 | Similar considerations apply to $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}, as that can |
2163 | Similar considerations apply to $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}, as that can |
1822 | be used to probe what backend is used and gain other information (which is |
2164 | be used to probe what backend is used and gain other information (which is |
1823 | probably even less useful to an attacker than PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL), and |
2165 | probably even less useful to an attacker than PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL), and |
1824 | $ENV{PERL_ANYEGENT_STRICT}. |
2166 | $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT}. |
|
|
2167 | |
|
|
2168 | Note that AnyEvent will remove I<all> environment variables starting with |
|
|
2169 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_> from C<%ENV> when it is loaded while taint mode is |
|
|
2170 | enabled. |
1825 | |
2171 | |
1826 | |
2172 | |
1827 | =head1 BUGS |
2173 | =head1 BUGS |
1828 | |
2174 | |
1829 | Perl 5.8 has numerous memleaks that sometimes hit this module and are hard |
2175 | Perl 5.8 has numerous memleaks that sometimes hit this module and are hard |
1830 | to work around. If you suffer from memleaks, first upgrade to Perl 5.10 |
2176 | to work around. If you suffer from memleaks, first upgrade to Perl 5.10 |
1831 | and check wether the leaks still show up. (Perl 5.10.0 has other annoying |
2177 | and check wether the leaks still show up. (Perl 5.10.0 has other annoying |
1832 | mamleaks, such as leaking on C<map> and C<grep> but it is usually not as |
2178 | memleaks, such as leaking on C<map> and C<grep> but it is usually not as |
1833 | pronounced). |
2179 | pronounced). |
1834 | |
2180 | |
1835 | |
2181 | |
1836 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
2182 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
1837 | |
2183 | |
… | |
… | |
1841 | L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>. |
2187 | L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>. |
1842 | |
2188 | |
1843 | Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>, |
2189 | Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>, |
1844 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>, |
2190 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>, |
1845 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>, |
2191 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>, |
1846 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>. |
2192 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>. |
1847 | |
2193 | |
1848 | Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and |
2194 | Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and |
1849 | servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>. |
2195 | servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>. |
1850 | |
2196 | |
1851 | Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>. |
2197 | Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>. |
1852 | |
2198 | |
1853 | Coroutine support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>, L<Coro::Event>, |
2199 | Coroutine support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>, |
|
|
2200 | L<Coro::Event>, |
1854 | |
2201 | |
1855 | Nontrivial usage examples: L<Net::FCP>, L<Net::XMPP2>, L<AnyEvent::DNS>. |
2202 | Nontrivial usage examples: L<AnyEvent::GPSD>, L<AnyEvent::XMPP>, |
|
|
2203 | L<AnyEvent::HTTP>. |
1856 | |
2204 | |
1857 | |
2205 | |
1858 | =head1 AUTHOR |
2206 | =head1 AUTHOR |
1859 | |
2207 | |
1860 | Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
2208 | Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |