1 | =head1 => NAME |
1 | =head1 NAME |
2 | |
2 | |
3 | AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops |
3 | AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops |
4 | |
4 | |
5 | EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt, POE - various supported event loops |
5 | EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt and POE are various supported |
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6 | event loops. |
6 | |
7 | |
7 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
8 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
8 | |
9 | |
9 | use AnyEvent; |
10 | use AnyEvent; |
10 | |
11 | |
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12 | # file descriptor readable |
11 | my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r|w", cb => sub { |
13 | my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r", cb => sub { ... }); |
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14 | |
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15 | # one-shot or repeating timers |
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16 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { ... }); |
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17 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, interval => $seconds, cb => ... |
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18 | |
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19 | print AnyEvent->now; # prints current event loop time |
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20 | print AnyEvent->time; # think Time::HiRes::time or simply CORE::time. |
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21 | |
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22 | # POSIX signal |
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23 | my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "TERM", cb => sub { ... }); |
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24 | |
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25 | # child process exit |
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26 | my $w = AnyEvent->child (pid => $pid, cb => sub { |
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27 | my ($pid, $status) = @_; |
12 | ... |
28 | ... |
13 | }); |
29 | }); |
14 | |
30 | |
15 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { |
31 | # called when event loop idle (if applicable) |
16 | ... |
32 | my $w = AnyEvent->idle (cb => sub { ... }); |
17 | }); |
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18 | |
33 | |
19 | my $w = AnyEvent->condvar; # stores whether a condition was flagged |
34 | my $w = AnyEvent->condvar; # stores whether a condition was flagged |
20 | $w->send; # wake up current and all future recv's |
35 | $w->send; # wake up current and all future recv's |
21 | $w->recv; # enters "main loop" till $condvar gets ->send |
36 | $w->recv; # enters "main loop" till $condvar gets ->send |
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37 | # use a condvar in callback mode: |
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38 | $w->cb (sub { $_[0]->recv }); |
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39 | |
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40 | =head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL |
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41 | |
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42 | This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested |
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43 | in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the |
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44 | L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage. |
22 | |
45 | |
23 | =head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT) |
46 | =head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT) |
24 | |
47 | |
25 | Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen |
48 | Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen |
26 | nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent? |
49 | nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent? |
27 | |
50 | |
28 | Executive Summary: AnyEvent is I<compatible>, AnyEvent is I<free of |
51 | Executive Summary: AnyEvent is I<compatible>, AnyEvent is I<free of |
29 | policy> and AnyEvent is I<small and efficient>. |
52 | policy> and AnyEvent is I<small and efficient>. |
30 | |
53 | |
31 | First and foremost, I<AnyEvent is not an event model> itself, it only |
54 | First and foremost, I<AnyEvent is not an event model> itself, it only |
32 | interfaces to whatever event model the main program happens to use in a |
55 | interfaces to whatever event model the main program happens to use, in a |
33 | pragmatic way. For event models and certain classes of immortals alike, |
56 | pragmatic way. For event models and certain classes of immortals alike, |
34 | the statement "there can only be one" is a bitter reality: In general, |
57 | the statement "there can only be one" is a bitter reality: In general, |
35 | only one event loop can be active at the same time in a process. AnyEvent |
58 | only one event loop can be active at the same time in a process. AnyEvent |
36 | helps hiding the differences between those event loops. |
59 | cannot change this, but it can hide the differences between those event |
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60 | loops. |
37 | |
61 | |
38 | The goal of AnyEvent is to offer module authors the ability to do event |
62 | The goal of AnyEvent is to offer module authors the ability to do event |
39 | programming (waiting for I/O or timer events) without subscribing to a |
63 | programming (waiting for I/O or timer events) without subscribing to a |
40 | religion, a way of living, and most importantly: without forcing your |
64 | religion, a way of living, and most importantly: without forcing your |
41 | module users into the same thing by forcing them to use the same event |
65 | module users into the same thing by forcing them to use the same event |
42 | model you use. |
66 | model you use. |
43 | |
67 | |
44 | For modules like POE or IO::Async (which is a total misnomer as it is |
68 | For modules like POE or IO::Async (which is a total misnomer as it is |
45 | actually doing all I/O I<synchronously>...), using them in your module is |
69 | actually doing all I/O I<synchronously>...), using them in your module is |
46 | like joining a cult: After you joined, you are dependent on them and you |
70 | like joining a cult: After you joined, you are dependent on them and you |
47 | cannot use anything else, as it is simply incompatible to everything that |
71 | cannot use anything else, as they are simply incompatible to everything |
48 | isn't itself. What's worse, all the potential users of your module are |
72 | that isn't them. What's worse, all the potential users of your |
49 | I<also> forced to use the same event loop you use. |
73 | module are I<also> forced to use the same event loop you use. |
50 | |
74 | |
51 | AnyEvent is different: AnyEvent + POE works fine. AnyEvent + Glib works |
75 | AnyEvent is different: AnyEvent + POE works fine. AnyEvent + Glib works |
52 | fine. AnyEvent + Tk works fine etc. etc. but none of these work together |
76 | fine. AnyEvent + Tk works fine etc. etc. but none of these work together |
53 | with the rest: POE + IO::Async? No go. Tk + Event? No go. Again: if |
77 | with the rest: POE + IO::Async? No go. Tk + Event? No go. Again: if |
54 | your module uses one of those, every user of your module has to use it, |
78 | your module uses one of those, every user of your module has to use it, |
55 | too. But if your module uses AnyEvent, it works transparently with all |
79 | too. But if your module uses AnyEvent, it works transparently with all |
56 | event models it supports (including stuff like POE and IO::Async, as long |
80 | event models it supports (including stuff like IO::Async, as long as those |
57 | as those use one of the supported event loops. It is trivial to add new |
81 | use one of the supported event loops. It is trivial to add new event loops |
58 | event loops to AnyEvent, too, so it is future-proof). |
82 | to AnyEvent, too, so it is future-proof). |
59 | |
83 | |
60 | In addition to being free of having to use I<the one and only true event |
84 | In addition to being free of having to use I<the one and only true event |
61 | model>, AnyEvent also is free of bloat and policy: with POE or similar |
85 | model>, AnyEvent also is free of bloat and policy: with POE or similar |
62 | modules, you get an enormous amount of code and strict rules you have to |
86 | modules, you get an enormous amount of code and strict rules you have to |
63 | follow. AnyEvent, on the other hand, is lean and up to the point, by only |
87 | follow. AnyEvent, on the other hand, is lean and up to the point, by only |
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121 | These watchers are normal Perl objects with normal Perl lifetime. After |
145 | These watchers are normal Perl objects with normal Perl lifetime. After |
122 | creating a watcher it will immediately "watch" for events and invoke the |
146 | creating a watcher it will immediately "watch" for events and invoke the |
123 | callback when the event occurs (of course, only when the event model |
147 | callback when the event occurs (of course, only when the event model |
124 | is in control). |
148 | is in control). |
125 | |
149 | |
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150 | Note that B<callbacks must not permanently change global variables> |
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151 | potentially in use by the event loop (such as C<$_> or C<$[>) and that B<< |
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152 | callbacks must not C<die> >>. The former is good programming practise in |
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153 | Perl and the latter stems from the fact that exception handling differs |
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154 | widely between event loops. |
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155 | |
126 | To disable the watcher you have to destroy it (e.g. by setting the |
156 | To disable the watcher you have to destroy it (e.g. by setting the |
127 | variable you store it in to C<undef> or otherwise deleting all references |
157 | variable you store it in to C<undef> or otherwise deleting all references |
128 | to it). |
158 | to it). |
129 | |
159 | |
130 | All watchers are created by calling a method on the C<AnyEvent> class. |
160 | All watchers are created by calling a method on the C<AnyEvent> class. |
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132 | Many watchers either are used with "recursion" (repeating timers for |
162 | Many watchers either are used with "recursion" (repeating timers for |
133 | example), or need to refer to their watcher object in other ways. |
163 | example), or need to refer to their watcher object in other ways. |
134 | |
164 | |
135 | An any way to achieve that is this pattern: |
165 | An any way to achieve that is this pattern: |
136 | |
166 | |
137 | my $w; $w = AnyEvent->type (arg => value ..., cb => sub { |
167 | my $w; $w = AnyEvent->type (arg => value ..., cb => sub { |
138 | # you can use $w here, for example to undef it |
168 | # you can use $w here, for example to undef it |
139 | undef $w; |
169 | undef $w; |
140 | }); |
170 | }); |
141 | |
171 | |
142 | Note that C<my $w; $w => combination. This is necessary because in Perl, |
172 | Note that C<my $w; $w => combination. This is necessary because in Perl, |
143 | my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are |
173 | my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are |
144 | declared. |
174 | declared. |
145 | |
175 | |
146 | =head2 I/O WATCHERS |
176 | =head2 I/O WATCHERS |
147 | |
177 | |
148 | You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method |
178 | You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method |
149 | with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments: |
179 | with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments: |
150 | |
180 | |
151 | C<fh> the Perl I<file handle> (I<not> file descriptor) to watch |
181 | C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch |
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182 | for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file |
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183 | handle). Note that only file handles pointing to things for which |
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184 | non-blocking operation makes sense are allowed. This includes sockets, |
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185 | most character devices, pipes, fifos and so on, but not for example files |
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186 | or block devices. |
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187 | |
152 | for events. C<poll> must be a string that is either C<r> or C<w>, |
188 | C<poll> must be a string that is either C<r> or C<w>, which creates a |
153 | which creates a watcher waiting for "r"eadable or "w"ritable events, |
189 | watcher waiting for "r"eadable or "w"ritable events, respectively. |
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190 | |
154 | respectively. C<cb> is the callback to invoke each time the file handle |
191 | C<cb> is the callback to invoke each time the file handle becomes ready. |
155 | becomes ready. |
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156 | |
192 | |
157 | Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and |
193 | Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and |
158 | presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent |
194 | presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent |
159 | callbacks cannot use arguments passed to I/O watcher callbacks. |
195 | callbacks cannot use arguments passed to I/O watcher callbacks. |
160 | |
196 | |
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164 | |
200 | |
165 | Some event loops issue spurious readyness notifications, so you should |
201 | Some event loops issue spurious readyness notifications, so you should |
166 | always use non-blocking calls when reading/writing from/to your file |
202 | always use non-blocking calls when reading/writing from/to your file |
167 | handles. |
203 | handles. |
168 | |
204 | |
169 | Example: |
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170 | |
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171 | # wait for readability of STDIN, then read a line and disable the watcher |
205 | Example: wait for readability of STDIN, then read a line and disable the |
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206 | watcher. |
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207 | |
172 | my $w; $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => \*STDIN, poll => 'r', cb => sub { |
208 | my $w; $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => \*STDIN, poll => 'r', cb => sub { |
173 | chomp (my $input = <STDIN>); |
209 | chomp (my $input = <STDIN>); |
174 | warn "read: $input\n"; |
210 | warn "read: $input\n"; |
175 | undef $w; |
211 | undef $w; |
176 | }); |
212 | }); |
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186 | |
222 | |
187 | Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and |
223 | Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and |
188 | presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent |
224 | presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent |
189 | callbacks cannot use arguments passed to time watcher callbacks. |
225 | callbacks cannot use arguments passed to time watcher callbacks. |
190 | |
226 | |
191 | The timer callback will be invoked at most once: if you want a repeating |
227 | The callback will normally be invoked once only. If you specify another |
192 | timer you have to create a new watcher (this is a limitation by both Tk |
228 | parameter, C<interval>, as a strictly positive number (> 0), then the |
193 | and Glib). |
229 | callback will be invoked regularly at that interval (in fractional |
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230 | seconds) after the first invocation. If C<interval> is specified with a |
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231 | false value, then it is treated as if it were missing. |
194 | |
232 | |
195 | Example: |
233 | The callback will be rescheduled before invoking the callback, but no |
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234 | attempt is done to avoid timer drift in most backends, so the interval is |
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235 | only approximate. |
196 | |
236 | |
197 | # fire an event after 7.7 seconds |
237 | Example: fire an event after 7.7 seconds. |
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238 | |
198 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 7.7, cb => sub { |
239 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 7.7, cb => sub { |
199 | warn "timeout\n"; |
240 | warn "timeout\n"; |
200 | }); |
241 | }); |
201 | |
242 | |
202 | # to cancel the timer: |
243 | # to cancel the timer: |
203 | undef $w; |
244 | undef $w; |
204 | |
245 | |
205 | Example 2: |
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206 | |
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207 | # fire an event after 0.5 seconds, then roughly every second |
246 | Example 2: fire an event after 0.5 seconds, then roughly every second. |
208 | my $w; |
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209 | |
247 | |
210 | my $cb = sub { |
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211 | # cancel the old timer while creating a new one |
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212 | $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 1, cb => $cb); |
248 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 0.5, interval => 1, cb => sub { |
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249 | warn "timeout\n"; |
213 | }; |
250 | }; |
214 | |
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215 | # start the "loop" by creating the first watcher |
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216 | $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 0.5, cb => $cb); |
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217 | |
251 | |
218 | =head3 TIMING ISSUES |
252 | =head3 TIMING ISSUES |
219 | |
253 | |
220 | There are two ways to handle timers: based on real time (relative, "fire |
254 | There are two ways to handle timers: based on real time (relative, "fire |
221 | in 10 seconds") and based on wallclock time (absolute, "fire at 12 |
255 | in 10 seconds") and based on wallclock time (absolute, "fire at 12 |
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294 | In either case, if you care (and in most cases, you don't), then you |
328 | In either case, if you care (and in most cases, you don't), then you |
295 | can get whatever behaviour you want with any event loop, by taking the |
329 | can get whatever behaviour you want with any event loop, by taking the |
296 | difference between C<< AnyEvent->time >> and C<< AnyEvent->now >> into |
330 | difference between C<< AnyEvent->time >> and C<< AnyEvent->now >> into |
297 | account. |
331 | account. |
298 | |
332 | |
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333 | =item AnyEvent->now_update |
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334 | |
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335 | Some event loops (such as L<EV> or L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) cache |
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336 | the current time for each loop iteration (see the discussion of L<< |
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337 | AnyEvent->now >>, above). |
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338 | |
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339 | When a callback runs for a long time (or when the process sleeps), then |
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340 | this "current" time will differ substantially from the real time, which |
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341 | might affect timers and time-outs. |
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342 | |
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343 | When this is the case, you can call this method, which will update the |
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344 | event loop's idea of "current time". |
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345 | |
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346 | Note that updating the time I<might> cause some events to be handled. |
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347 | |
299 | =back |
348 | =back |
300 | |
349 | |
301 | =head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS |
350 | =head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS |
302 | |
351 | |
303 | You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal |
352 | You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal |
304 | I<name> without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl callback to |
353 | I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl |
305 | be invoked whenever a signal occurs. |
354 | callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs. |
306 | |
355 | |
307 | Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and |
356 | Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and |
308 | presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent |
357 | presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent |
309 | callbacks cannot use arguments passed to signal watcher callbacks. |
358 | callbacks cannot use arguments passed to signal watcher callbacks. |
310 | |
359 | |
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312 | invocation, and callback invocation will be synchronous. Synchronous means |
361 | invocation, and callback invocation will be synchronous. Synchronous means |
313 | that it might take a while until the signal gets handled by the process, |
362 | that it might take a while until the signal gets handled by the process, |
314 | but it is guaranteed not to interrupt any other callbacks. |
363 | but it is guaranteed not to interrupt any other callbacks. |
315 | |
364 | |
316 | The main advantage of using these watchers is that you can share a signal |
365 | The main advantage of using these watchers is that you can share a signal |
317 | between multiple watchers. |
366 | between multiple watchers, and AnyEvent will ensure that signals will not |
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367 | interrupt your program at bad times. |
318 | |
368 | |
319 | This watcher might use C<%SIG>, so programs overwriting those signals |
369 | This watcher might use C<%SIG> (depending on the event loop used), |
320 | directly will likely not work correctly. |
370 | so programs overwriting those signals directly will likely not work |
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371 | correctly. |
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372 | |
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373 | Also note that many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not |
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374 | support attaching callbacks to signals, which is a pity, as you cannot do |
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375 | race-free signal handling in perl. AnyEvent will try to do it's best, but |
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376 | in some cases, signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might |
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377 | be delayed is specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10 |
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378 | seconds). This variable can be changed only before the first signal |
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379 | watcher is created, and should be left alone otherwise. Higher values |
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380 | will cause fewer spurious wake-ups, which is better for power and CPU |
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381 | saving. All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional |
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382 | L<Async::Interrupt> module. |
321 | |
383 | |
322 | Example: exit on SIGINT |
384 | Example: exit on SIGINT |
323 | |
385 | |
324 | my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 }); |
386 | my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 }); |
325 | |
387 | |
326 | =head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS |
388 | =head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS |
327 | |
389 | |
328 | You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status. |
390 | You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status. |
329 | |
391 | |
330 | The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (if set to C<0>, it |
392 | The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (if set to C<0>, it |
331 | watches for any child process exit). The watcher will trigger as often |
393 | watches for any child process exit). The watcher will triggered only when |
332 | as status change for the child are received. This works by installing a |
394 | the child process has finished and an exit status is available, not on |
333 | signal handler for C<SIGCHLD>. The callback will be called with the pid |
395 | any trace events (stopped/continued). |
334 | and exit status (as returned by waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, |
396 | |
335 | you I<can> rely on child watcher callback arguments. |
397 | The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by |
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398 | waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher |
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399 | callback arguments. |
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400 | |
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401 | This watcher type works by installing a signal handler for C<SIGCHLD>, |
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402 | and since it cannot be shared, nothing else should use SIGCHLD or reap |
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403 | random child processes (waiting for specific child processes, e.g. inside |
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404 | C<system>, is just fine). |
336 | |
405 | |
337 | There is a slight catch to child watchers, however: you usually start them |
406 | There is a slight catch to child watchers, however: you usually start them |
338 | I<after> the child process was created, and this means the process could |
407 | I<after> the child process was created, and this means the process could |
339 | have exited already (and no SIGCHLD will be sent anymore). |
408 | have exited already (and no SIGCHLD will be sent anymore). |
340 | |
409 | |
341 | Not all event models handle this correctly (POE doesn't), but even for |
410 | Not all event models handle this correctly (neither POE nor IO::Async do, |
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411 | see their AnyEvent::Impl manpages for details), but even for event models |
342 | event models that I<do> handle this correctly, they usually need to be |
412 | that I<do> handle this correctly, they usually need to be loaded before |
343 | loaded before the process exits (i.e. before you fork in the first place). |
413 | the process exits (i.e. before you fork in the first place). AnyEvent's |
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414 | pure perl event loop handles all cases correctly regardless of when you |
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415 | start the watcher. |
344 | |
416 | |
345 | This means you cannot create a child watcher as the very first thing in an |
417 | This means you cannot create a child watcher as the very first |
346 | AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one watcher before you |
418 | thing in an AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one |
347 | C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call C<AnyEvent::detect>). |
419 | watcher before you C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call |
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420 | C<AnyEvent::detect>). |
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421 | |
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422 | As most event loops do not support waiting for child events, they will be |
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423 | emulated by AnyEvent in most cases, in which the latency and race problems |
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424 | mentioned in the description of signal watchers apply. |
348 | |
425 | |
349 | Example: fork a process and wait for it |
426 | Example: fork a process and wait for it |
350 | |
427 | |
351 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
428 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
352 | |
429 | |
353 | my $pid = fork or exit 5; |
430 | my $pid = fork or exit 5; |
354 | |
431 | |
355 | my $w = AnyEvent->child ( |
432 | my $w = AnyEvent->child ( |
356 | pid => $pid, |
433 | pid => $pid, |
357 | cb => sub { |
434 | cb => sub { |
358 | my ($pid, $status) = @_; |
435 | my ($pid, $status) = @_; |
359 | warn "pid $pid exited with status $status"; |
436 | warn "pid $pid exited with status $status"; |
360 | $done->send; |
437 | $done->send; |
361 | }, |
438 | }, |
362 | ); |
439 | ); |
363 | |
440 | |
364 | # do something else, then wait for process exit |
441 | # do something else, then wait for process exit |
365 | $done->recv; |
442 | $done->recv; |
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443 | |
|
|
444 | =head2 IDLE WATCHERS |
|
|
445 | |
|
|
446 | Sometimes there is a need to do something, but it is not so important |
|
|
447 | to do it instantly, but only when there is nothing better to do. This |
|
|
448 | "nothing better to do" is usually defined to be "no other events need |
|
|
449 | attention by the event loop". |
|
|
450 | |
|
|
451 | Idle watchers ideally get invoked when the event loop has nothing |
|
|
452 | better to do, just before it would block the process to wait for new |
|
|
453 | events. Instead of blocking, the idle watcher is invoked. |
|
|
454 | |
|
|
455 | Most event loops unfortunately do not really support idle watchers (only |
|
|
456 | EV, Event and Glib do it in a usable fashion) - for the rest, AnyEvent |
|
|
457 | will simply call the callback "from time to time". |
|
|
458 | |
|
|
459 | Example: read lines from STDIN, but only process them when the |
|
|
460 | program is otherwise idle: |
|
|
461 | |
|
|
462 | my @lines; # read data |
|
|
463 | my $idle_w; |
|
|
464 | my $io_w = AnyEvent->io (fh => \*STDIN, poll => 'r', cb => sub { |
|
|
465 | push @lines, scalar <STDIN>; |
|
|
466 | |
|
|
467 | # start an idle watcher, if not already done |
|
|
468 | $idle_w ||= AnyEvent->idle (cb => sub { |
|
|
469 | # handle only one line, when there are lines left |
|
|
470 | if (my $line = shift @lines) { |
|
|
471 | print "handled when idle: $line"; |
|
|
472 | } else { |
|
|
473 | # otherwise disable the idle watcher again |
|
|
474 | undef $idle_w; |
|
|
475 | } |
|
|
476 | }); |
|
|
477 | }); |
366 | |
478 | |
367 | =head2 CONDITION VARIABLES |
479 | =head2 CONDITION VARIABLES |
368 | |
480 | |
369 | If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them |
481 | If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them |
370 | require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that |
482 | require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that |
371 | will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks. |
483 | will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks. |
372 | |
484 | |
373 | AnyEvent is different, it expects somebody else to run the event loop and |
485 | AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event |
374 | will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user). |
486 | loop and will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user). |
375 | |
487 | |
376 | The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called |
488 | The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called |
377 | because they represent a condition that must become true. |
489 | because they represent a condition that must become true. |
|
|
490 | |
|
|
491 | Now is probably a good time to look at the examples further below. |
378 | |
492 | |
379 | Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar |
493 | Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar |
380 | >> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is |
494 | >> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is |
381 | C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable |
495 | C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable |
382 | becomes true. |
496 | becomes true, with the condition variable as the first argument (but not |
|
|
497 | the results). |
383 | |
498 | |
384 | After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true" |
499 | After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true" |
385 | by calling the C<send> method (or calling the condition variable as if it |
500 | by calling the C<send> method (or calling the condition variable as if it |
386 | were a callback, read about the caveats in the description for the C<< |
501 | were a callback, read about the caveats in the description for the C<< |
387 | ->send >> method). |
502 | ->send >> method). |
… | |
… | |
433 | after => 1, |
548 | after => 1, |
434 | cb => sub { $result_ready->send }, |
549 | cb => sub { $result_ready->send }, |
435 | ); |
550 | ); |
436 | |
551 | |
437 | # this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback |
552 | # this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback |
438 | # calls send |
553 | # calls -<send |
439 | $result_ready->recv; |
554 | $result_ready->recv; |
440 | |
555 | |
441 | Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that |
556 | Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition |
442 | condition variables are also code references. |
557 | variables are also callable directly. |
443 | |
558 | |
444 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
559 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
445 | my $delay = AnyEvent->timer (after => 5, cb => $done); |
560 | my $delay = AnyEvent->timer (after => 5, cb => $done); |
446 | $done->recv; |
561 | $done->recv; |
|
|
562 | |
|
|
563 | Example: Imagine an API that returns a condvar and doesn't support |
|
|
564 | callbacks. This is how you make a synchronous call, for example from |
|
|
565 | the main program: |
|
|
566 | |
|
|
567 | use AnyEvent::CouchDB; |
|
|
568 | |
|
|
569 | ... |
|
|
570 | |
|
|
571 | my @info = $couchdb->info->recv; |
|
|
572 | |
|
|
573 | And this is how you would just set a callback to be called whenever the |
|
|
574 | results are available: |
|
|
575 | |
|
|
576 | $couchdb->info->cb (sub { |
|
|
577 | my @info = $_[0]->recv; |
|
|
578 | }); |
447 | |
579 | |
448 | =head3 METHODS FOR PRODUCERS |
580 | =head3 METHODS FOR PRODUCERS |
449 | |
581 | |
450 | These methods should only be used by the producing side, i.e. the |
582 | These methods should only be used by the producing side, i.e. the |
451 | code/module that eventually sends the signal. Note that it is also |
583 | code/module that eventually sends the signal. Note that it is also |
… | |
… | |
464 | immediately from within send. |
596 | immediately from within send. |
465 | |
597 | |
466 | Any arguments passed to the C<send> call will be returned by all |
598 | Any arguments passed to the C<send> call will be returned by all |
467 | future C<< ->recv >> calls. |
599 | future C<< ->recv >> calls. |
468 | |
600 | |
469 | Condition variables are overloaded so one can call them directly |
601 | Condition variables are overloaded so one can call them directly (as if |
470 | (as a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling |
602 | they were a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling |
471 | C<send>. Note, however, that many C-based event loops do not handle |
603 | C<send>. |
472 | overloading, so as tempting as it may be, passing a condition variable |
|
|
473 | instead of a callback does not work. Both the pure perl and EV loops |
|
|
474 | support overloading, however, as well as all functions that use perl to |
|
|
475 | invoke a callback (as in L<AnyEvent::Socket> and L<AnyEvent::DNS> for |
|
|
476 | example). |
|
|
477 | |
604 | |
478 | =item $cv->croak ($error) |
605 | =item $cv->croak ($error) |
479 | |
606 | |
480 | Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke |
607 | Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke |
481 | C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar. |
608 | C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar. |
482 | |
609 | |
483 | This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable |
610 | This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable |
484 | user/consumer. |
611 | user/consumer. Doing it this way instead of calling C<croak> directly |
|
|
612 | delays the error detetcion, but has the overwhelmign advantage that it |
|
|
613 | diagnoses the error at the place where the result is expected, and not |
|
|
614 | deep in some event clalback without connection to the actual code causing |
|
|
615 | the problem. |
485 | |
616 | |
486 | =item $cv->begin ([group callback]) |
617 | =item $cv->begin ([group callback]) |
487 | |
618 | |
488 | =item $cv->end |
619 | =item $cv->end |
489 | |
|
|
490 | These two methods are EXPERIMENTAL and MIGHT CHANGE. |
|
|
491 | |
620 | |
492 | These two methods can be used to combine many transactions/events into |
621 | These two methods can be used to combine many transactions/events into |
493 | one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want |
622 | one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want |
494 | to use a condition variable for the whole process. |
623 | to use a condition variable for the whole process. |
495 | |
624 | |
… | |
… | |
497 | C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end |
626 | C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end |
498 | >>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback |
627 | >>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback |
499 | is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no |
628 | is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no |
500 | callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments. |
629 | callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments. |
501 | |
630 | |
502 | Let's clarify this with the ping example: |
631 | You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call |
|
|
632 | sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND |
|
|
633 | condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends). |
|
|
634 | |
|
|
635 | Let's start with a simple example: you have two I/O watchers (for example, |
|
|
636 | STDOUT and STDERR for a program), and you want to wait for both streams to |
|
|
637 | close before activating a condvar: |
|
|
638 | |
|
|
639 | my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
|
|
640 | |
|
|
641 | $cv->begin; # first watcher |
|
|
642 | my $w1 = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh1, cb => sub { |
|
|
643 | defined sysread $fh1, my $buf, 4096 |
|
|
644 | or $cv->end; |
|
|
645 | }); |
|
|
646 | |
|
|
647 | $cv->begin; # second watcher |
|
|
648 | my $w2 = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh2, cb => sub { |
|
|
649 | defined sysread $fh2, my $buf, 4096 |
|
|
650 | or $cv->end; |
|
|
651 | }); |
|
|
652 | |
|
|
653 | $cv->recv; |
|
|
654 | |
|
|
655 | This works because for every event source (EOF on file handle), there is |
|
|
656 | one call to C<begin>, so the condvar waits for all calls to C<end> before |
|
|
657 | sending. |
|
|
658 | |
|
|
659 | The ping example mentioned above is slightly more complicated, as the |
|
|
660 | there are results to be passwd back, and the number of tasks that are |
|
|
661 | begung can potentially be zero: |
503 | |
662 | |
504 | my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
663 | my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
505 | |
664 | |
506 | my %result; |
665 | my %result; |
507 | $cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) }); |
666 | $cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) }); |
… | |
… | |
527 | loop, which serves two important purposes: first, it sets the callback |
686 | loop, which serves two important purposes: first, it sets the callback |
528 | to be called once the counter reaches C<0>, and second, it ensures that |
687 | to be called once the counter reaches C<0>, and second, it ensures that |
529 | C<send> is called even when C<no> hosts are being pinged (the loop |
688 | C<send> is called even when C<no> hosts are being pinged (the loop |
530 | doesn't execute once). |
689 | doesn't execute once). |
531 | |
690 | |
532 | This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple subrequests: |
691 | This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple (but |
533 | use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set the callback and ensure C<end> |
692 | potentially none) subrequests: use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set |
534 | is called at least once, and then, for each subrequest you start, call |
693 | the callback and ensure C<end> is called at least once, and then, for each |
535 | C<begin> and for each subrequest you finish, call C<end>. |
694 | subrequest you start, call C<begin> and for each subrequest you finish, |
|
|
695 | call C<end>. |
536 | |
696 | |
537 | =back |
697 | =back |
538 | |
698 | |
539 | =head3 METHODS FOR CONSUMERS |
699 | =head3 METHODS FOR CONSUMERS |
540 | |
700 | |
… | |
… | |
556 | function will call C<croak>. |
716 | function will call C<croak>. |
557 | |
717 | |
558 | In list context, all parameters passed to C<send> will be returned, |
718 | In list context, all parameters passed to C<send> will be returned, |
559 | in scalar context only the first one will be returned. |
719 | in scalar context only the first one will be returned. |
560 | |
720 | |
|
|
721 | Note that doing a blocking wait in a callback is not supported by any |
|
|
722 | event loop, that is, recursive invocation of a blocking C<< ->recv |
|
|
723 | >> is not allowed, and the C<recv> call will C<croak> if such a |
|
|
724 | condition is detected. This condition can be slightly loosened by using |
|
|
725 | L<Coro::AnyEvent>, which allows you to do a blocking C<< ->recv >> from |
|
|
726 | any thread that doesn't run the event loop itself. |
|
|
727 | |
561 | Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case |
728 | Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case |
562 | (programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are |
729 | (programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are |
563 | using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>, but let the |
730 | using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>. Instead, let the |
564 | caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling |
731 | caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling |
565 | condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting |
732 | condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting |
566 | callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block, |
733 | callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block, |
567 | while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires). |
734 | while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires). |
568 | |
735 | |
569 | Another reason I<never> to C<< ->recv >> in a module is that you cannot |
|
|
570 | sensibly have two C<< ->recv >>'s in parallel, as that would require |
|
|
571 | multiple interpreters or coroutines/threads, none of which C<AnyEvent> |
|
|
572 | can supply. |
|
|
573 | |
|
|
574 | The L<Coro> module, however, I<can> and I<does> supply coroutines and, in |
|
|
575 | fact, L<Coro::AnyEvent> replaces AnyEvent's condvars by coroutine-safe |
|
|
576 | versions and also integrates coroutines into AnyEvent, making blocking |
|
|
577 | C<< ->recv >> calls perfectly safe as long as they are done from another |
|
|
578 | coroutine (one that doesn't run the event loop). |
|
|
579 | |
|
|
580 | You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and |
736 | You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and |
581 | only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later |
737 | only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later |
582 | time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking |
738 | time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking |
583 | waits otherwise. |
739 | waits otherwise. |
584 | |
740 | |
585 | =item $bool = $cv->ready |
741 | =item $bool = $cv->ready |
586 | |
742 | |
587 | Returns true when the condition is "true", i.e. whether C<send> or |
743 | Returns true when the condition is "true", i.e. whether C<send> or |
588 | C<croak> have been called. |
744 | C<croak> have been called. |
589 | |
745 | |
590 | =item $cb = $cv->cb ([new callback]) |
746 | =item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv)) |
591 | |
747 | |
592 | This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally |
748 | This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally |
593 | replaces it before doing so. |
749 | replaces it before doing so. |
594 | |
750 | |
595 | The callback will be called when the condition becomes "true", i.e. when |
751 | The callback will be called when the condition becomes "true", i.e. when |
596 | C<send> or C<croak> are called. Calling C<recv> inside the callback |
752 | C<send> or C<croak> are called, with the only argument being the condition |
597 | or at any later time is guaranteed not to block. |
753 | variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time |
|
|
754 | is guaranteed not to block. |
598 | |
755 | |
599 | =back |
756 | =back |
600 | |
757 | |
|
|
758 | =head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS |
|
|
759 | |
|
|
760 | The available backend classes are (every class has its own manpage): |
|
|
761 | |
|
|
762 | =over 4 |
|
|
763 | |
|
|
764 | =item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found. |
|
|
765 | |
|
|
766 | EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in |
|
|
767 | use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will try Event, and, failing |
|
|
768 | that, will fall back to its own pure-perl implementation, which is |
|
|
769 | available everywhere as it comes with AnyEvent itself. |
|
|
770 | |
|
|
771 | AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice). |
|
|
772 | AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches. |
|
|
773 | AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable. |
|
|
774 | |
|
|
775 | =item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used. |
|
|
776 | |
|
|
777 | These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher |
|
|
778 | is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using |
|
|
779 | them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend |
|
|
780 | when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to |
|
|
781 | create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program. |
|
|
782 | |
|
|
783 | AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable. |
|
|
784 | AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken. |
|
|
785 | AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse. |
|
|
786 | AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations. |
|
|
787 | |
|
|
788 | =item Backends with special needs. |
|
|
789 | |
|
|
790 | Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will |
|
|
791 | otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program |
|
|
792 | instantiates the application before any AnyEvent watchers are created, |
|
|
793 | everything should just work. |
|
|
794 | |
|
|
795 | AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt. |
|
|
796 | |
|
|
797 | Support for IO::Async can only be partial, as it is too broken and |
|
|
798 | architecturally limited to even support the AnyEvent API. It also |
|
|
799 | is the only event loop that needs the loop to be set explicitly, so |
|
|
800 | it can only be used by a main program knowing about AnyEvent. See |
|
|
801 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::Async> for the gory details. |
|
|
802 | |
|
|
803 | AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync based on IO::Async, cannot be autoprobed. |
|
|
804 | |
|
|
805 | =item Event loops that are indirectly supported via other backends. |
|
|
806 | |
|
|
807 | Some event loops can be supported via other modules: |
|
|
808 | |
|
|
809 | There is no direct support for WxWidgets (L<Wx>) or L<Prima>. |
|
|
810 | |
|
|
811 | B<WxWidgets> has no support for watching file handles. However, you can |
|
|
812 | use WxWidgets through the POE adaptor, as POE has a Wx backend that simply |
|
|
813 | polls 20 times per second, which was considered to be too horrible to even |
|
|
814 | consider for AnyEvent. |
|
|
815 | |
|
|
816 | B<Prima> is not supported as nobody seems to be using it, but it has a POE |
|
|
817 | backend, so it can be supported through POE. |
|
|
818 | |
|
|
819 | AnyEvent knows about both L<Prima> and L<Wx>, however, and will try to |
|
|
820 | load L<POE> when detecting them, in the hope that POE will pick them up, |
|
|
821 | in which case everything will be automatic. |
|
|
822 | |
|
|
823 | =back |
|
|
824 | |
601 | =head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS |
825 | =head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS |
602 | |
826 | |
|
|
827 | These are not normally required to use AnyEvent, but can be useful to |
|
|
828 | write AnyEvent extension modules. |
|
|
829 | |
603 | =over 4 |
830 | =over 4 |
604 | |
831 | |
605 | =item $AnyEvent::MODEL |
832 | =item $AnyEvent::MODEL |
606 | |
833 | |
607 | Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created. Then it |
834 | Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created, before the |
|
|
835 | backend has been autodetected. |
|
|
836 | |
608 | contains the event model that is being used, which is the name of the |
837 | Afterwards it contains the event model that is being used, which is the |
609 | Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one of the |
838 | name of the Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one |
610 | C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the case |
839 | of the C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the |
611 | AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode>). |
840 | case AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode> it |
612 | |
841 | will be C<urxvt::anyevent>). |
613 | The known classes so far are: |
|
|
614 | |
|
|
615 | AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (an interface to libev, best choice). |
|
|
616 | AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, second best choice. |
|
|
617 | AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable. |
|
|
618 | AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, third-best choice. |
|
|
619 | AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very bad choice. |
|
|
620 | AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt, cannot be autoprobed (see its docs). |
|
|
621 | AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse. |
|
|
622 | AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, not generic enough for full support. |
|
|
623 | |
|
|
624 | There is no support for WxWidgets, as WxWidgets has no support for |
|
|
625 | watching file handles. However, you can use WxWidgets through the |
|
|
626 | POE Adaptor, as POE has a Wx backend that simply polls 20 times per |
|
|
627 | second, which was considered to be too horrible to even consider for |
|
|
628 | AnyEvent. Likewise, other POE backends can be used by AnyEvent by using |
|
|
629 | it's adaptor. |
|
|
630 | |
|
|
631 | AnyEvent knows about L<Prima> and L<Wx> and will try to use L<POE> when |
|
|
632 | autodetecting them. |
|
|
633 | |
842 | |
634 | =item AnyEvent::detect |
843 | =item AnyEvent::detect |
635 | |
844 | |
636 | Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model |
845 | Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model |
637 | if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would |
846 | if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would |
638 | have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at |
847 | have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at |
639 | runtime. |
848 | runtime, and not e.g. while initialising of your module. |
|
|
849 | |
|
|
850 | If you need to do some initialisation before AnyEvent watchers are |
|
|
851 | created, use C<post_detect>. |
640 | |
852 | |
641 | =item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK } |
853 | =item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK } |
642 | |
854 | |
643 | Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is |
855 | Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is |
644 | autodetected (or immediately if this has already happened). |
856 | autodetected (or immediately if this has already happened). |
|
|
857 | |
|
|
858 | The block will be executed I<after> the actual backend has been detected |
|
|
859 | (C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> is set), but I<before> any watchers have been |
|
|
860 | created, so it is possible to e.g. patch C<@AnyEvent::ISA> or do |
|
|
861 | other initialisations - see the sources of L<AnyEvent::Strict> or |
|
|
862 | L<AnyEvent::AIO> to see how this is used. |
|
|
863 | |
|
|
864 | The most common usage is to create some global watchers, without forcing |
|
|
865 | event module detection too early, for example, L<AnyEvent::AIO> creates |
|
|
866 | and installs the global L<IO::AIO> watcher in a C<post_detect> block to |
|
|
867 | avoid autodetecting the event module at load time. |
645 | |
868 | |
646 | If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object |
869 | If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object |
647 | that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed. See |
870 | that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed. See |
648 | L<Coro::BDB> for a case where this is useful. |
871 | L<Coro::BDB> for a case where this is useful. |
649 | |
872 | |
… | |
… | |
652 | If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it |
875 | If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it |
653 | before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after |
876 | before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after |
654 | the event loop has been chosen. |
877 | the event loop has been chosen. |
655 | |
878 | |
656 | You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though: |
879 | You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though: |
657 | if it contains a true value then the event loop has already been detected, |
880 | if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the |
658 | and the array will be ignored. |
881 | array will be ignored. |
659 | |
882 | |
660 | Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> instead. |
883 | Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> when your application allows |
|
|
884 | it,as it takes care of these details. |
|
|
885 | |
|
|
886 | This variable is mainly useful for modules that can do something useful |
|
|
887 | when AnyEvent is used and thus want to know when it is initialised, but do |
|
|
888 | not need to even load it by default. This array provides the means to hook |
|
|
889 | into AnyEvent passively, without loading it. |
661 | |
890 | |
662 | =back |
891 | =back |
663 | |
892 | |
664 | =head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE |
893 | =head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE |
665 | |
894 | |
… | |
… | |
720 | |
949 | |
721 | |
950 | |
722 | =head1 OTHER MODULES |
951 | =head1 OTHER MODULES |
723 | |
952 | |
724 | The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use |
953 | The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use |
725 | AnyEvent and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent modules |
954 | AnyEvent as a client and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent |
726 | in the same program. Some of the modules come with AnyEvent, some are |
955 | modules and other event loops in the same program. Some of the modules |
727 | available via CPAN. |
956 | come with AnyEvent, most are available via CPAN. |
728 | |
957 | |
729 | =over 4 |
958 | =over 4 |
730 | |
959 | |
731 | =item L<AnyEvent::Util> |
960 | =item L<AnyEvent::Util> |
732 | |
961 | |
733 | Contains various utility functions that replace often-used but blocking |
962 | Contains various utility functions that replace often-used but blocking |
734 | functions such as C<inet_aton> by event-/callback-based versions. |
963 | functions such as C<inet_aton> by event-/callback-based versions. |
735 | |
|
|
736 | =item L<AnyEvent::Handle> |
|
|
737 | |
|
|
738 | Provide read and write buffers and manages watchers for reads and writes. |
|
|
739 | |
964 | |
740 | =item L<AnyEvent::Socket> |
965 | =item L<AnyEvent::Socket> |
741 | |
966 | |
742 | Provides various utility functions for (internet protocol) sockets, |
967 | Provides various utility functions for (internet protocol) sockets, |
743 | addresses and name resolution. Also functions to create non-blocking tcp |
968 | addresses and name resolution. Also functions to create non-blocking tcp |
744 | connections or tcp servers, with IPv6 and SRV record support and more. |
969 | connections or tcp servers, with IPv6 and SRV record support and more. |
745 | |
970 | |
|
|
971 | =item L<AnyEvent::Handle> |
|
|
972 | |
|
|
973 | Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes, |
|
|
974 | supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and |
|
|
975 | non-blocking SSL/TLS (via L<AnyEvent::TLS>. |
|
|
976 | |
746 | =item L<AnyEvent::DNS> |
977 | =item L<AnyEvent::DNS> |
747 | |
978 | |
748 | Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities. |
979 | Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities. |
749 | |
980 | |
|
|
981 | =item L<AnyEvent::HTTP> |
|
|
982 | |
|
|
983 | A simple-to-use HTTP library that is capable of making a lot of concurrent |
|
|
984 | HTTP requests. |
|
|
985 | |
750 | =item L<AnyEvent::HTTPD> |
986 | =item L<AnyEvent::HTTPD> |
751 | |
987 | |
752 | Provides a simple web application server framework. |
988 | Provides a simple web application server framework. |
753 | |
989 | |
754 | =item L<AnyEvent::FastPing> |
990 | =item L<AnyEvent::FastPing> |
755 | |
991 | |
756 | The fastest ping in the west. |
992 | The fastest ping in the west. |
757 | |
993 | |
|
|
994 | =item L<AnyEvent::DBI> |
|
|
995 | |
|
|
996 | Executes L<DBI> requests asynchronously in a proxy process. |
|
|
997 | |
|
|
998 | =item L<AnyEvent::AIO> |
|
|
999 | |
|
|
1000 | Truly asynchronous I/O, should be in the toolbox of every event |
|
|
1001 | programmer. AnyEvent::AIO transparently fuses L<IO::AIO> and AnyEvent |
|
|
1002 | together. |
|
|
1003 | |
|
|
1004 | =item L<AnyEvent::BDB> |
|
|
1005 | |
|
|
1006 | Truly asynchronous Berkeley DB access. AnyEvent::BDB transparently fuses |
|
|
1007 | L<BDB> and AnyEvent together. |
|
|
1008 | |
|
|
1009 | =item L<AnyEvent::GPSD> |
|
|
1010 | |
|
|
1011 | A non-blocking interface to gpsd, a daemon delivering GPS information. |
|
|
1012 | |
758 | =item L<Net::IRC3> |
1013 | =item L<AnyEvent::IRC> |
759 | |
1014 | |
760 | AnyEvent based IRC client module family. |
1015 | AnyEvent based IRC client module family (replacing the older Net::IRC3). |
761 | |
1016 | |
762 | =item L<Net::XMPP2> |
1017 | =item L<AnyEvent::XMPP> |
763 | |
1018 | |
764 | AnyEvent based XMPP (Jabber protocol) module family. |
1019 | AnyEvent based XMPP (Jabber protocol) module family (replacing the older |
|
|
1020 | Net::XMPP2>. |
|
|
1021 | |
|
|
1022 | =item L<AnyEvent::IGS> |
|
|
1023 | |
|
|
1024 | A non-blocking interface to the Internet Go Server protocol (used by |
|
|
1025 | L<App::IGS>). |
765 | |
1026 | |
766 | =item L<Net::FCP> |
1027 | =item L<Net::FCP> |
767 | |
1028 | |
768 | AnyEvent-based implementation of the Freenet Client Protocol, birthplace |
1029 | AnyEvent-based implementation of the Freenet Client Protocol, birthplace |
769 | of AnyEvent. |
1030 | of AnyEvent. |
… | |
… | |
774 | |
1035 | |
775 | =item L<Coro> |
1036 | =item L<Coro> |
776 | |
1037 | |
777 | Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>. |
1038 | Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>. |
778 | |
1039 | |
779 | =item L<AnyEvent::AIO>, L<IO::AIO> |
|
|
780 | |
|
|
781 | Truly asynchronous I/O, should be in the toolbox of every event |
|
|
782 | programmer. AnyEvent::AIO transparently fuses IO::AIO and AnyEvent |
|
|
783 | together. |
|
|
784 | |
|
|
785 | =item L<AnyEvent::BDB>, L<BDB> |
|
|
786 | |
|
|
787 | Truly asynchronous Berkeley DB access. AnyEvent::AIO transparently fuses |
|
|
788 | IO::AIO and AnyEvent together. |
|
|
789 | |
|
|
790 | =item L<IO::Lambda> |
|
|
791 | |
|
|
792 | The lambda approach to I/O - don't ask, look there. Can use AnyEvent. |
|
|
793 | |
|
|
794 | =back |
1040 | =back |
795 | |
1041 | |
796 | =cut |
1042 | =cut |
797 | |
1043 | |
798 | package AnyEvent; |
1044 | package AnyEvent; |
799 | |
1045 | |
|
|
1046 | # basically a tuned-down version of common::sense |
|
|
1047 | sub common_sense { |
800 | no warnings; |
1048 | # no warnings |
801 | use strict; |
1049 | ${^WARNING_BITS} ^= ${^WARNING_BITS}; |
|
|
1050 | # use strict vars subs |
|
|
1051 | $^H |= 0x00000600; |
|
|
1052 | } |
802 | |
1053 | |
|
|
1054 | BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense } |
|
|
1055 | |
803 | use Carp; |
1056 | use Carp (); |
804 | |
1057 | |
805 | our $VERSION = '4.05'; |
1058 | our $VERSION = 4.85; |
806 | our $MODEL; |
1059 | our $MODEL; |
807 | |
1060 | |
808 | our $AUTOLOAD; |
1061 | our $AUTOLOAD; |
809 | our @ISA; |
1062 | our @ISA; |
810 | |
1063 | |
811 | our @REGISTRY; |
1064 | our @REGISTRY; |
812 | |
1065 | |
813 | our $WIN32; |
1066 | our $WIN32; |
814 | |
1067 | |
|
|
1068 | our $VERBOSE; |
|
|
1069 | |
815 | BEGIN { |
1070 | BEGIN { |
816 | my $win32 = ! ! ($^O =~ /mswin32/i); |
1071 | eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }"; |
817 | eval "sub WIN32(){ $win32 }"; |
1072 | eval "sub TAINT(){ " . (${^TAINT}*1) . " }"; |
818 | } |
|
|
819 | |
1073 | |
|
|
1074 | delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV} |
|
|
1075 | if ${^TAINT}; |
|
|
1076 | |
820 | our $verbose = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1; |
1077 | $VERBOSE = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1; |
|
|
1078 | |
|
|
1079 | } |
|
|
1080 | |
|
|
1081 | our $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY = 10; |
821 | |
1082 | |
822 | our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4|ipv6) => (1|2), higher numbers are preferred |
1083 | our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4|ipv6) => (1|2), higher numbers are preferred |
823 | |
1084 | |
824 | { |
1085 | { |
825 | my $idx; |
1086 | my $idx; |
… | |
… | |
833 | [Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::], |
1094 | [Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::], |
834 | [AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::], |
1095 | [AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::], |
835 | # everything below here will not be autoprobed |
1096 | # everything below here will not be autoprobed |
836 | # as the pureperl backend should work everywhere |
1097 | # as the pureperl backend should work everywhere |
837 | # and is usually faster |
1098 | # and is usually faster |
838 | [Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles |
|
|
839 | [Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers |
1099 | [Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers |
840 | [Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy |
1100 | [Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy |
|
|
1101 | [Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles |
841 | [Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program |
1102 | [Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program |
842 | [POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza |
1103 | [POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza |
843 | [Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
1104 | [Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
844 | [Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
1105 | [Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
|
|
1106 | # IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its |
|
|
1107 | # byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others. |
|
|
1108 | # IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any |
|
|
1109 | # obvious default class. |
|
|
1110 | # [IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program |
|
|
1111 | # [IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program |
|
|
1112 | # [IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program |
845 | ); |
1113 | ); |
846 | |
1114 | |
847 | our %method = map +($_ => 1), qw(io timer time now signal child condvar one_event DESTROY); |
1115 | our %method = map +($_ => 1), |
|
|
1116 | qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY); |
848 | |
1117 | |
849 | our @post_detect; |
1118 | our @post_detect; |
850 | |
1119 | |
851 | sub post_detect(&) { |
1120 | sub post_detect(&) { |
852 | my ($cb) = @_; |
1121 | my ($cb) = @_; |
… | |
… | |
857 | 1 |
1126 | 1 |
858 | } else { |
1127 | } else { |
859 | push @post_detect, $cb; |
1128 | push @post_detect, $cb; |
860 | |
1129 | |
861 | defined wantarray |
1130 | defined wantarray |
862 | ? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::PostDetect" |
1131 | ? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect" |
863 | : () |
1132 | : () |
864 | } |
1133 | } |
865 | } |
1134 | } |
866 | |
1135 | |
867 | sub AnyEvent::Util::PostDetect::DESTROY { |
1136 | sub AnyEvent::Util::postdetect::DESTROY { |
868 | @post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect; |
1137 | @post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect; |
869 | } |
1138 | } |
870 | |
1139 | |
871 | sub detect() { |
1140 | sub detect() { |
872 | unless ($MODEL) { |
1141 | unless ($MODEL) { |
873 | no strict 'refs'; |
|
|
874 | local $SIG{__DIE__}; |
1142 | local $SIG{__DIE__}; |
875 | |
1143 | |
876 | if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) { |
1144 | if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) { |
877 | my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1"; |
1145 | my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1"; |
878 | if (eval "require $model") { |
1146 | if (eval "require $model") { |
879 | $MODEL = $model; |
1147 | $MODEL = $model; |
880 | warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL), using it.\n" if $verbose > 1; |
1148 | warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}), using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2; |
881 | } else { |
1149 | } else { |
882 | warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL):\n$@" if $verbose; |
1150 | warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}):\n$@" if $VERBOSE; |
883 | } |
1151 | } |
884 | } |
1152 | } |
885 | |
1153 | |
886 | # check for already loaded models |
1154 | # check for already loaded models |
887 | unless ($MODEL) { |
1155 | unless ($MODEL) { |
888 | for (@REGISTRY, @models) { |
1156 | for (@REGISTRY, @models) { |
889 | my ($package, $model) = @$_; |
1157 | my ($package, $model) = @$_; |
890 | if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) { |
1158 | if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) { |
891 | if (eval "require $model") { |
1159 | if (eval "require $model") { |
892 | $MODEL = $model; |
1160 | $MODEL = $model; |
893 | warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $verbose > 1; |
1161 | warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2; |
894 | last; |
1162 | last; |
895 | } |
1163 | } |
896 | } |
1164 | } |
897 | } |
1165 | } |
898 | |
1166 | |
… | |
… | |
903 | my ($package, $model) = @$_; |
1171 | my ($package, $model) = @$_; |
904 | if (eval "require $package" |
1172 | if (eval "require $package" |
905 | and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0 |
1173 | and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0 |
906 | and eval "require $model") { |
1174 | and eval "require $model") { |
907 | $MODEL = $model; |
1175 | $MODEL = $model; |
908 | warn "AnyEvent: autoprobed model '$model', using it.\n" if $verbose > 1; |
1176 | warn "AnyEvent: autoprobed model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2; |
909 | last; |
1177 | last; |
910 | } |
1178 | } |
911 | } |
1179 | } |
912 | |
1180 | |
913 | $MODEL |
1181 | $MODEL |
914 | or die "No event module selected for AnyEvent and autodetect failed. Install any one of these modules: EV, Event or Glib."; |
1182 | or die "No event module selected for AnyEvent and autodetect failed. Install any one of these modules: EV, Event or Glib.\n"; |
915 | } |
1183 | } |
916 | } |
1184 | } |
917 | |
1185 | |
|
|
1186 | push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base"; |
|
|
1187 | |
918 | unshift @ISA, $MODEL; |
1188 | unshift @ISA, $MODEL; |
919 | push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base"; |
1189 | |
|
|
1190 | require AnyEvent::Strict if $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT}; |
920 | |
1191 | |
921 | (shift @post_detect)->() while @post_detect; |
1192 | (shift @post_detect)->() while @post_detect; |
922 | } |
1193 | } |
923 | |
1194 | |
924 | $MODEL |
1195 | $MODEL |
… | |
… | |
926 | |
1197 | |
927 | sub AUTOLOAD { |
1198 | sub AUTOLOAD { |
928 | (my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://; |
1199 | (my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://; |
929 | |
1200 | |
930 | $method{$func} |
1201 | $method{$func} |
931 | or croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects"; |
1202 | or Carp::croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects"; |
932 | |
1203 | |
933 | detect unless $MODEL; |
1204 | detect unless $MODEL; |
934 | |
1205 | |
935 | my $class = shift; |
1206 | my $class = shift; |
936 | $class->$func (@_); |
1207 | $class->$func (@_); |
937 | } |
1208 | } |
938 | |
1209 | |
|
|
1210 | # utility function to dup a filehandle. this is used by many backends |
|
|
1211 | # to support binding more than one watcher per filehandle (they usually |
|
|
1212 | # allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one). |
|
|
1213 | sub _dupfh($$;$$) { |
|
|
1214 | my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_; |
|
|
1215 | |
|
|
1216 | # cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't |
|
|
1217 | my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<&") : ($w, ">&"); |
|
|
1218 | |
|
|
1219 | open my $fh2, $mode, $fh |
|
|
1220 | or die "AnyEvent->io: cannot dup() filehandle in mode '$poll': $!,"; |
|
|
1221 | |
|
|
1222 | # we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases |
|
|
1223 | |
|
|
1224 | ($fh2, $rw) |
|
|
1225 | } |
|
|
1226 | |
939 | package AnyEvent::Base; |
1227 | package AnyEvent::Base; |
940 | |
1228 | |
941 | # default implementation for now and time |
1229 | # default implementations for many methods |
942 | |
1230 | |
943 | use Time::HiRes (); |
1231 | sub _time { |
|
|
1232 | # probe for availability of Time::HiRes |
|
|
1233 | if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") { |
|
|
1234 | warn "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8; |
|
|
1235 | *_time = \&Time::HiRes::time; |
|
|
1236 | # if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())... |
|
|
1237 | } else { |
|
|
1238 | warn "AnyEvent: using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!\n" if $VERBOSE; |
|
|
1239 | *_time = sub { time }; # epic fail |
|
|
1240 | } |
944 | |
1241 | |
945 | sub time { Time::HiRes::time } |
1242 | &_time |
946 | sub now { Time::HiRes::time } |
1243 | } |
|
|
1244 | |
|
|
1245 | sub time { _time } |
|
|
1246 | sub now { _time } |
|
|
1247 | sub now_update { } |
947 | |
1248 | |
948 | # default implementation for ->condvar |
1249 | # default implementation for ->condvar |
949 | |
1250 | |
950 | sub condvar { |
1251 | sub condvar { |
951 | bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, AnyEvent::CondVar:: |
1252 | bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar" |
952 | } |
1253 | } |
953 | |
1254 | |
954 | # default implementation for ->signal |
1255 | # default implementation for ->signal |
955 | |
1256 | |
956 | our %SIG_CB; |
1257 | our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT; |
|
|
1258 | our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO); |
|
|
1259 | our (%SIG_ASY, %SIG_ASY_W); |
|
|
1260 | our ($SIG_COUNT, $SIG_TW); |
957 | |
1261 | |
|
|
1262 | sub _signal_exec { |
|
|
1263 | $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT |
|
|
1264 | ? $SIGPIPE_R->drain |
|
|
1265 | : sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 9; |
|
|
1266 | |
|
|
1267 | while (%SIG_EV) { |
|
|
1268 | for (keys %SIG_EV) { |
|
|
1269 | delete $SIG_EV{$_}; |
|
|
1270 | $_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} || {} }; |
|
|
1271 | } |
|
|
1272 | } |
|
|
1273 | } |
|
|
1274 | |
958 | sub signal { |
1275 | sub _signal { |
959 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1276 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
960 | |
1277 | |
961 | my $signal = uc $arg{signal} |
1278 | my $signal = uc $arg{signal} |
962 | or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing"; |
1279 | or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing"; |
963 | |
1280 | |
964 | $SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
1281 | $SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
|
|
1282 | |
|
|
1283 | if ($HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT) { |
|
|
1284 | # async::interrupt |
|
|
1285 | |
|
|
1286 | $SIG_ASY{$signal} ||= do { |
|
|
1287 | my $asy = new Async::Interrupt |
|
|
1288 | cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} }, |
|
|
1289 | signal => $signal, |
|
|
1290 | pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos], |
|
|
1291 | ; |
|
|
1292 | $asy->pipe_autodrain (0); |
|
|
1293 | |
|
|
1294 | $asy |
|
|
1295 | }; |
|
|
1296 | |
|
|
1297 | } else { |
|
|
1298 | # pure perl |
|
|
1299 | |
965 | $SIG{$signal} ||= sub { |
1300 | $SIG{$signal} ||= sub { |
966 | $_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} || {} }; |
1301 | local $!; |
|
|
1302 | syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV; |
|
|
1303 | undef $SIG_EV{$signal}; |
|
|
1304 | }; |
|
|
1305 | |
|
|
1306 | # can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl, |
|
|
1307 | # so limit the signal latency. |
|
|
1308 | ++$SIG_COUNT; |
|
|
1309 | $SIG_TW ||= AnyEvent->timer ( |
|
|
1310 | after => $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY, |
|
|
1311 | interval => $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY, |
|
|
1312 | cb => sub { }, # just for the PERL_ASYNC_CHECK |
|
|
1313 | ); |
967 | }; |
1314 | } |
968 | |
1315 | |
969 | bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::Signal" |
1316 | bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal" |
970 | } |
1317 | } |
971 | |
1318 | |
|
|
1319 | sub signal { |
|
|
1320 | # probe for availability of Async::Interrupt |
|
|
1321 | if (!$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT} && eval "use Async::Interrupt 0.6 (); 1") { |
|
|
1322 | warn "AnyEvent: using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8; |
|
|
1323 | |
|
|
1324 | $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT = 1; |
|
|
1325 | $SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe; |
|
|
1326 | $SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec); |
|
|
1327 | |
|
|
1328 | } else { |
|
|
1329 | warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8; |
|
|
1330 | |
|
|
1331 | require Fcntl; |
|
|
1332 | |
|
|
1333 | if (AnyEvent::WIN32) { |
|
|
1334 | require AnyEvent::Util; |
|
|
1335 | |
|
|
1336 | ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe (); |
|
|
1337 | AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R) if $SIGPIPE_R; |
|
|
1338 | AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case |
|
|
1339 | } else { |
|
|
1340 | pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W; |
|
|
1341 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R; |
|
|
1342 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case |
|
|
1343 | |
|
|
1344 | # not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure... |
|
|
1345 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC; |
|
|
1346 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC; |
|
|
1347 | } |
|
|
1348 | |
|
|
1349 | $SIGPIPE_R |
|
|
1350 | or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n"; |
|
|
1351 | |
|
|
1352 | $SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec); |
|
|
1353 | } |
|
|
1354 | |
|
|
1355 | *signal = \&_signal; |
|
|
1356 | &signal |
|
|
1357 | } |
|
|
1358 | |
972 | sub AnyEvent::Base::Signal::DESTROY { |
1359 | sub AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY { |
973 | my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
1360 | my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
974 | |
1361 | |
|
|
1362 | undef $SIG_TW |
|
|
1363 | unless --$SIG_COUNT; |
|
|
1364 | |
975 | delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb}; |
1365 | delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb}; |
976 | |
1366 | |
977 | $SIG{$signal} = 'DEFAULT' unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} }; |
1367 | $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT |
|
|
1368 | ? delete $SIG_ASY{$signal} |
|
|
1369 | : # delete doesn't work with older perls - they then |
|
|
1370 | # print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit |
|
|
1371 | # instead of getting the default action. |
|
|
1372 | undef $SIG{$signal} |
|
|
1373 | unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} }; |
978 | } |
1374 | } |
979 | |
1375 | |
980 | # default implementation for ->child |
1376 | # default implementation for ->child |
981 | |
1377 | |
982 | our %PID_CB; |
1378 | our %PID_CB; |
983 | our $CHLD_W; |
1379 | our $CHLD_W; |
984 | our $CHLD_DELAY_W; |
1380 | our $CHLD_DELAY_W; |
985 | our $PID_IDLE; |
|
|
986 | our $WNOHANG; |
1381 | our $WNOHANG; |
987 | |
1382 | |
988 | sub _child_wait { |
1383 | sub _sigchld { |
989 | while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) { |
1384 | while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) { |
|
|
1385 | $_->($pid, $?) |
990 | $_->($pid, $?) for (values %{ $PID_CB{$pid} || {} }), |
1386 | for values %{ $PID_CB{$pid} || {} }, |
991 | (values %{ $PID_CB{0} || {} }); |
1387 | values %{ $PID_CB{0} || {} }; |
992 | } |
1388 | } |
993 | |
|
|
994 | undef $PID_IDLE; |
|
|
995 | } |
|
|
996 | |
|
|
997 | sub _sigchld { |
|
|
998 | # make sure we deliver these changes "synchronous" with the event loop. |
|
|
999 | $CHLD_DELAY_W ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => 0, cb => sub { |
|
|
1000 | undef $CHLD_DELAY_W; |
|
|
1001 | &_child_wait; |
|
|
1002 | }); |
|
|
1003 | } |
1389 | } |
1004 | |
1390 | |
1005 | sub child { |
1391 | sub child { |
1006 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1392 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1007 | |
1393 | |
1008 | defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0) |
1394 | defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0) |
1009 | or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing"; |
1395 | or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing"; |
1010 | |
1396 | |
1011 | $PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
1397 | $PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
1012 | |
1398 | |
1013 | unless ($WNOHANG) { |
1399 | # WNOHANG is almost cetrainly 1 everywhere |
|
|
1400 | $WNOHANG ||= $^O =~ /^(?:openbsd|netbsd|linux|freebsd|cygwin|MSWin32)$/ |
|
|
1401 | ? 1 |
1014 | $WNOHANG = eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } || 1; |
1402 | : eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } || 1; |
1015 | } |
|
|
1016 | |
1403 | |
1017 | unless ($CHLD_W) { |
1404 | unless ($CHLD_W) { |
1018 | $CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld); |
1405 | $CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld); |
1019 | # child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round |
1406 | # child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round |
1020 | &_sigchld; |
1407 | &_sigchld; |
1021 | } |
1408 | } |
1022 | |
1409 | |
1023 | bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::Child" |
1410 | bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child" |
1024 | } |
1411 | } |
1025 | |
1412 | |
1026 | sub AnyEvent::Base::Child::DESTROY { |
1413 | sub AnyEvent::Base::child::DESTROY { |
1027 | my ($pid, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
1414 | my ($pid, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
1028 | |
1415 | |
1029 | delete $PID_CB{$pid}{$cb}; |
1416 | delete $PID_CB{$pid}{$cb}; |
1030 | delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} }; |
1417 | delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} }; |
1031 | |
1418 | |
1032 | undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB; |
1419 | undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB; |
1033 | } |
1420 | } |
1034 | |
1421 | |
|
|
1422 | # idle emulation is done by simply using a timer, regardless |
|
|
1423 | # of whether the process is idle or not, and not letting |
|
|
1424 | # the callback use more than 50% of the time. |
|
|
1425 | sub idle { |
|
|
1426 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
|
|
1427 | |
|
|
1428 | my ($cb, $w, $rcb) = $arg{cb}; |
|
|
1429 | |
|
|
1430 | $rcb = sub { |
|
|
1431 | if ($cb) { |
|
|
1432 | $w = _time; |
|
|
1433 | &$cb; |
|
|
1434 | $w = _time - $w; |
|
|
1435 | |
|
|
1436 | # never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher, |
|
|
1437 | # within some limits |
|
|
1438 | $w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001; |
|
|
1439 | $w = 5 if $w > 5; |
|
|
1440 | |
|
|
1441 | $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $w, cb => $rcb); |
|
|
1442 | } else { |
|
|
1443 | # clean up... |
|
|
1444 | undef $w; |
|
|
1445 | undef $rcb; |
|
|
1446 | } |
|
|
1447 | }; |
|
|
1448 | |
|
|
1449 | $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 0.05, cb => $rcb); |
|
|
1450 | |
|
|
1451 | bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle" |
|
|
1452 | } |
|
|
1453 | |
|
|
1454 | sub AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY { |
|
|
1455 | undef $${$_[0]}; |
|
|
1456 | } |
|
|
1457 | |
1035 | package AnyEvent::CondVar; |
1458 | package AnyEvent::CondVar; |
1036 | |
1459 | |
1037 | our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::; |
1460 | our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::; |
1038 | |
1461 | |
1039 | package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base; |
1462 | package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base; |
1040 | |
1463 | |
1041 | use overload |
1464 | #use overload |
1042 | '&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } }, |
1465 | # '&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } }, |
1043 | fallback => 1; |
1466 | # fallback => 1; |
|
|
1467 | |
|
|
1468 | # save 300+ kilobytes by dirtily hardcoding overloading |
|
|
1469 | ${"AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::OVERLOAD"}{dummy}++; # Register with magic by touching. |
|
|
1470 | *{'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::()'} = sub { }; # "Make it findable via fetchmethod." |
|
|
1471 | *{'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::(&{}'} = sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } }; # &{} |
|
|
1472 | ${'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::()'} = 1; # fallback |
|
|
1473 | |
|
|
1474 | our $WAITING; |
1044 | |
1475 | |
1045 | sub _send { |
1476 | sub _send { |
1046 | # nop |
1477 | # nop |
1047 | } |
1478 | } |
1048 | |
1479 | |
… | |
… | |
1061 | sub ready { |
1492 | sub ready { |
1062 | $_[0]{_ae_sent} |
1493 | $_[0]{_ae_sent} |
1063 | } |
1494 | } |
1064 | |
1495 | |
1065 | sub _wait { |
1496 | sub _wait { |
|
|
1497 | $WAITING |
|
|
1498 | and !$_[0]{_ae_sent} |
|
|
1499 | and Carp::croak "AnyEvent::CondVar: recursive blocking wait detected"; |
|
|
1500 | |
|
|
1501 | local $WAITING = 1; |
1066 | AnyEvent->one_event while !$_[0]{_ae_sent}; |
1502 | AnyEvent->one_event while !$_[0]{_ae_sent}; |
1067 | } |
1503 | } |
1068 | |
1504 | |
1069 | sub recv { |
1505 | sub recv { |
1070 | $_[0]->_wait; |
1506 | $_[0]->_wait; |
… | |
… | |
1089 | } |
1525 | } |
1090 | |
1526 | |
1091 | # undocumented/compatibility with pre-3.4 |
1527 | # undocumented/compatibility with pre-3.4 |
1092 | *broadcast = \&send; |
1528 | *broadcast = \&send; |
1093 | *wait = \&_wait; |
1529 | *wait = \&_wait; |
|
|
1530 | |
|
|
1531 | =head1 ERROR AND EXCEPTION HANDLING |
|
|
1532 | |
|
|
1533 | In general, AnyEvent does not do any error handling - it relies on the |
|
|
1534 | caller to do that if required. The L<AnyEvent::Strict> module (see also |
|
|
1535 | the C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT> environment variable, below) provides strict |
|
|
1536 | checking of all AnyEvent methods, however, which is highly useful during |
|
|
1537 | development. |
|
|
1538 | |
|
|
1539 | As for exception handling (i.e. runtime errors and exceptions thrown while |
|
|
1540 | executing a callback), this is not only highly event-loop specific, but |
|
|
1541 | also not in any way wrapped by this module, as this is the job of the main |
|
|
1542 | program. |
|
|
1543 | |
|
|
1544 | The pure perl event loop simply re-throws the exception (usually |
|
|
1545 | within C<< condvar->recv >>), the L<Event> and L<EV> modules call C<< |
|
|
1546 | $Event/EV::DIED->() >>, L<Glib> uses C<< install_exception_handler >> and |
|
|
1547 | so on. |
|
|
1548 | |
|
|
1549 | =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES |
|
|
1550 | |
|
|
1551 | The following environment variables are used by this module or its |
|
|
1552 | submodules. |
|
|
1553 | |
|
|
1554 | Note that AnyEvent will remove I<all> environment variables starting with |
|
|
1555 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_> from C<%ENV> when it is loaded while taint mode is |
|
|
1556 | enabled. |
|
|
1557 | |
|
|
1558 | =over 4 |
|
|
1559 | |
|
|
1560 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE> |
|
|
1561 | |
|
|
1562 | By default, AnyEvent will be completely silent except in fatal |
|
|
1563 | conditions. You can set this environment variable to make AnyEvent more |
|
|
1564 | talkative. |
|
|
1565 | |
|
|
1566 | When set to C<1> or higher, causes AnyEvent to warn about unexpected |
|
|
1567 | conditions, such as not being able to load the event model specified by |
|
|
1568 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>. |
|
|
1569 | |
|
|
1570 | When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event |
|
|
1571 | model it chooses. |
|
|
1572 | |
|
|
1573 | When set to C<8> or higher, then AnyEvent will report extra information on |
|
|
1574 | which optional modules it loads and how it implements certain features. |
|
|
1575 | |
|
|
1576 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT> |
|
|
1577 | |
|
|
1578 | AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough |
|
|
1579 | argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value |
|
|
1580 | will cause AnyEvent to load C<AnyEvent::Strict> and then to thoroughly |
|
|
1581 | check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems, |
|
|
1582 | it will croak. |
|
|
1583 | |
|
|
1584 | In other words, enables "strict" mode. |
|
|
1585 | |
|
|
1586 | Unlike C<use strict> (or it's modern cousin, C<< use L<common::sense> |
|
|
1587 | >>, it is definitely recommended to keep it off in production. Keeping |
|
|
1588 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while developing programs |
|
|
1589 | can be very useful, however. |
|
|
1590 | |
|
|
1591 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL> |
|
|
1592 | |
|
|
1593 | This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before |
|
|
1594 | auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting |
|
|
1595 | entirely of ASCII letters. The string C<AnyEvent::Impl::> gets prepended |
|
|
1596 | and the resulting module name is loaded and if the load was successful, |
|
|
1597 | used as event model. If it fails to load AnyEvent will proceed with |
|
|
1598 | auto detection and -probing. |
|
|
1599 | |
|
|
1600 | This functionality might change in future versions. |
|
|
1601 | |
|
|
1602 | For example, to force the pure perl model (L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) you |
|
|
1603 | could start your program like this: |
|
|
1604 | |
|
|
1605 | PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL=Perl perl ... |
|
|
1606 | |
|
|
1607 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS> |
|
|
1608 | |
|
|
1609 | Used by both L<AnyEvent::DNS> and L<AnyEvent::Socket> to determine preferences |
|
|
1610 | for IPv4 or IPv6. The default is unspecified (and might change, or be the result |
|
|
1611 | of auto probing). |
|
|
1612 | |
|
|
1613 | Must be set to a comma-separated list of protocols or address families, |
|
|
1614 | current supported: C<ipv4> and C<ipv6>. Only protocols mentioned will be |
|
|
1615 | used, and preference will be given to protocols mentioned earlier in the |
|
|
1616 | list. |
|
|
1617 | |
|
|
1618 | This variable can effectively be used for denial-of-service attacks |
|
|
1619 | against local programs (e.g. when setuid), although the impact is likely |
|
|
1620 | small, as the program has to handle conenction and other failures anyways. |
|
|
1621 | |
|
|
1622 | Examples: C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv4,ipv6> - prefer IPv4 over IPv6, |
|
|
1623 | but support both and try to use both. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv4> |
|
|
1624 | - only support IPv4, never try to resolve or contact IPv6 |
|
|
1625 | addresses. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv6,ipv4> support either IPv4 or |
|
|
1626 | IPv6, but prefer IPv6 over IPv4. |
|
|
1627 | |
|
|
1628 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_EDNS0> |
|
|
1629 | |
|
|
1630 | Used by L<AnyEvent::DNS> to decide whether to use the EDNS0 extension |
|
|
1631 | for DNS. This extension is generally useful to reduce DNS traffic, but |
|
|
1632 | some (broken) firewalls drop such DNS packets, which is why it is off by |
|
|
1633 | default. |
|
|
1634 | |
|
|
1635 | Setting this variable to C<1> will cause L<AnyEvent::DNS> to announce |
|
|
1636 | EDNS0 in its DNS requests. |
|
|
1637 | |
|
|
1638 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS> |
|
|
1639 | |
|
|
1640 | The maximum number of child processes that C<AnyEvent::Util::fork_call> |
|
|
1641 | will create in parallel. |
|
|
1642 | |
|
|
1643 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_OUTSTANDING_DNS> |
|
|
1644 | |
|
|
1645 | The default value for the C<max_outstanding> parameter for the default DNS |
|
|
1646 | resolver - this is the maximum number of parallel DNS requests that are |
|
|
1647 | sent to the DNS server. |
|
|
1648 | |
|
|
1649 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_RESOLV_CONF> |
|
|
1650 | |
|
|
1651 | The file to use instead of F</etc/resolv.conf> (or OS-specific |
|
|
1652 | configuration) in the default resolver. When set to the empty string, no |
|
|
1653 | default config will be used. |
|
|
1654 | |
|
|
1655 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_FILE>, C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_PATH>. |
|
|
1656 | |
|
|
1657 | When neither C<ca_file> nor C<ca_path> was specified during |
|
|
1658 | L<AnyEvent::TLS> context creation, and either of these environment |
|
|
1659 | variables exist, they will be used to specify CA certificate locations |
|
|
1660 | instead of a system-dependent default. |
|
|
1661 | |
|
|
1662 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_GUARD> and C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT> |
|
|
1663 | |
|
|
1664 | When these are set to C<1>, then the respective modules are not |
|
|
1665 | loaded. Mostly good for testing AnyEvent itself. |
|
|
1666 | |
|
|
1667 | =back |
1094 | |
1668 | |
1095 | =head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE |
1669 | =head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE |
1096 | |
1670 | |
1097 | This is an advanced topic that you do not normally need to use AnyEvent in |
1671 | This is an advanced topic that you do not normally need to use AnyEvent in |
1098 | a module. This section is only of use to event loop authors who want to |
1672 | a module. This section is only of use to event loop authors who want to |
… | |
… | |
1132 | |
1706 | |
1133 | I<rxvt-unicode> also cheats a bit by not providing blocking access to |
1707 | I<rxvt-unicode> also cheats a bit by not providing blocking access to |
1134 | condition variables: code blocking while waiting for a condition will |
1708 | condition variables: code blocking while waiting for a condition will |
1135 | C<die>. This still works with most modules/usages, and blocking calls must |
1709 | C<die>. This still works with most modules/usages, and blocking calls must |
1136 | not be done in an interactive application, so it makes sense. |
1710 | not be done in an interactive application, so it makes sense. |
1137 | |
|
|
1138 | =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES |
|
|
1139 | |
|
|
1140 | The following environment variables are used by this module: |
|
|
1141 | |
|
|
1142 | =over 4 |
|
|
1143 | |
|
|
1144 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE> |
|
|
1145 | |
|
|
1146 | By default, AnyEvent will be completely silent except in fatal |
|
|
1147 | conditions. You can set this environment variable to make AnyEvent more |
|
|
1148 | talkative. |
|
|
1149 | |
|
|
1150 | When set to C<1> or higher, causes AnyEvent to warn about unexpected |
|
|
1151 | conditions, such as not being able to load the event model specified by |
|
|
1152 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>. |
|
|
1153 | |
|
|
1154 | When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event |
|
|
1155 | model it chooses. |
|
|
1156 | |
|
|
1157 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL> |
|
|
1158 | |
|
|
1159 | This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before |
|
|
1160 | auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting |
|
|
1161 | entirely of ASCII letters. The string C<AnyEvent::Impl::> gets prepended |
|
|
1162 | and the resulting module name is loaded and if the load was successful, |
|
|
1163 | used as event model. If it fails to load AnyEvent will proceed with |
|
|
1164 | auto detection and -probing. |
|
|
1165 | |
|
|
1166 | This functionality might change in future versions. |
|
|
1167 | |
|
|
1168 | For example, to force the pure perl model (L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) you |
|
|
1169 | could start your program like this: |
|
|
1170 | |
|
|
1171 | PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL=Perl perl ... |
|
|
1172 | |
|
|
1173 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS> |
|
|
1174 | |
|
|
1175 | Used by both L<AnyEvent::DNS> and L<AnyEvent::Socket> to determine preferences |
|
|
1176 | for IPv4 or IPv6. The default is unspecified (and might change, or be the result |
|
|
1177 | of auto probing). |
|
|
1178 | |
|
|
1179 | Must be set to a comma-separated list of protocols or address families, |
|
|
1180 | current supported: C<ipv4> and C<ipv6>. Only protocols mentioned will be |
|
|
1181 | used, and preference will be given to protocols mentioned earlier in the |
|
|
1182 | list. |
|
|
1183 | |
|
|
1184 | This variable can effectively be used for denial-of-service attacks |
|
|
1185 | against local programs (e.g. when setuid), although the impact is likely |
|
|
1186 | small, as the program has to handle connection errors already- |
|
|
1187 | |
|
|
1188 | Examples: C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv4,ipv6> - prefer IPv4 over IPv6, |
|
|
1189 | but support both and try to use both. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv4> |
|
|
1190 | - only support IPv4, never try to resolve or contact IPv6 |
|
|
1191 | addresses. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv6,ipv4> support either IPv4 or |
|
|
1192 | IPv6, but prefer IPv6 over IPv4. |
|
|
1193 | |
|
|
1194 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_EDNS0> |
|
|
1195 | |
|
|
1196 | Used by L<AnyEvent::DNS> to decide whether to use the EDNS0 extension |
|
|
1197 | for DNS. This extension is generally useful to reduce DNS traffic, but |
|
|
1198 | some (broken) firewalls drop such DNS packets, which is why it is off by |
|
|
1199 | default. |
|
|
1200 | |
|
|
1201 | Setting this variable to C<1> will cause L<AnyEvent::DNS> to announce |
|
|
1202 | EDNS0 in its DNS requests. |
|
|
1203 | |
|
|
1204 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS> |
|
|
1205 | |
|
|
1206 | The maximum number of child processes that C<AnyEvent::Util::fork_call> |
|
|
1207 | will create in parallel. |
|
|
1208 | |
|
|
1209 | =back |
|
|
1210 | |
1711 | |
1211 | =head1 EXAMPLE PROGRAM |
1712 | =head1 EXAMPLE PROGRAM |
1212 | |
1713 | |
1213 | The following program uses an I/O watcher to read data from STDIN, a timer |
1714 | The following program uses an I/O watcher to read data from STDIN, a timer |
1214 | to display a message once per second, and a condition variable to quit the |
1715 | to display a message once per second, and a condition variable to quit the |
… | |
… | |
1408 | watcher. |
1909 | watcher. |
1409 | |
1910 | |
1410 | =head3 Results |
1911 | =head3 Results |
1411 | |
1912 | |
1412 | name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment |
1913 | name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment |
1413 | EV/EV 400000 244 0.56 0.46 0.31 EV native interface |
1914 | EV/EV 400000 224 0.47 0.35 0.27 EV native interface |
1414 | EV/Any 100000 244 2.50 0.46 0.29 EV + AnyEvent watchers |
1915 | EV/Any 100000 224 2.88 0.34 0.27 EV + AnyEvent watchers |
1415 | CoroEV/Any 100000 244 2.49 0.44 0.29 coroutines + Coro::Signal |
1916 | CoroEV/Any 100000 224 2.85 0.35 0.28 coroutines + Coro::Signal |
1416 | Perl/Any 100000 513 4.92 0.87 1.12 pure perl implementation |
1917 | Perl/Any 100000 452 4.13 0.73 0.95 pure perl implementation |
1417 | Event/Event 16000 516 31.88 31.30 0.85 Event native interface |
1918 | Event/Event 16000 517 32.20 31.80 0.81 Event native interface |
1418 | Event/Any 16000 590 35.75 31.42 1.08 Event + AnyEvent watchers |
1919 | Event/Any 16000 590 35.85 31.55 1.06 Event + AnyEvent watchers |
|
|
1920 | IOAsync/Any 16000 989 38.10 32.77 11.13 via IO::Async::Loop::IO_Poll |
|
|
1921 | IOAsync/Any 16000 990 37.59 29.50 10.61 via IO::Async::Loop::Epoll |
1419 | Glib/Any 16000 1357 98.22 12.41 54.00 quadratic behaviour |
1922 | Glib/Any 16000 1357 102.33 12.31 51.00 quadratic behaviour |
1420 | Tk/Any 2000 1860 26.97 67.98 14.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers |
1923 | Tk/Any 2000 1860 27.20 66.31 14.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers |
1421 | POE/Event 2000 6644 108.64 736.02 14.73 via POE::Loop::Event |
1924 | POE/Event 2000 6328 109.99 751.67 14.02 via POE::Loop::Event |
1422 | POE/Select 2000 6343 94.13 809.12 565.96 via POE::Loop::Select |
1925 | POE/Select 2000 6027 94.54 809.13 579.80 via POE::Loop::Select |
1423 | |
1926 | |
1424 | =head3 Discussion |
1927 | =head3 Discussion |
1425 | |
1928 | |
1426 | The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very |
1929 | The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very |
1427 | well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one) |
1930 | well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one) |
… | |
… | |
1452 | performance becomes really bad with lots of file descriptors (and few of |
1955 | performance becomes really bad with lots of file descriptors (and few of |
1453 | them active), of course, but this was not subject of this benchmark. |
1956 | them active), of course, but this was not subject of this benchmark. |
1454 | |
1957 | |
1455 | The C<Event> module has a relatively high setup and callback invocation |
1958 | The C<Event> module has a relatively high setup and callback invocation |
1456 | cost, but overall scores in on the third place. |
1959 | cost, but overall scores in on the third place. |
|
|
1960 | |
|
|
1961 | C<IO::Async> performs admirably well, about on par with C<Event>, even |
|
|
1962 | when using its pure perl backend. |
1457 | |
1963 | |
1458 | C<Glib>'s memory usage is quite a bit higher, but it features a |
1964 | C<Glib>'s memory usage is quite a bit higher, but it features a |
1459 | faster callback invocation and overall ends up in the same class as |
1965 | faster callback invocation and overall ends up in the same class as |
1460 | C<Event>. However, Glib scales extremely badly, doubling the number of |
1966 | C<Event>. However, Glib scales extremely badly, doubling the number of |
1461 | watchers increases the processing time by more than a factor of four, |
1967 | watchers increases the processing time by more than a factor of four, |
… | |
… | |
1539 | it to another server. This includes deleting the old timeout and creating |
2045 | it to another server. This includes deleting the old timeout and creating |
1540 | a new one that moves the timeout into the future. |
2046 | a new one that moves the timeout into the future. |
1541 | |
2047 | |
1542 | =head3 Results |
2048 | =head3 Results |
1543 | |
2049 | |
1544 | name sockets create request |
2050 | name sockets create request |
1545 | EV 20000 69.01 11.16 |
2051 | EV 20000 69.01 11.16 |
1546 | Perl 20000 73.32 35.87 |
2052 | Perl 20000 73.32 35.87 |
|
|
2053 | IOAsync 20000 157.00 98.14 epoll |
|
|
2054 | IOAsync 20000 159.31 616.06 poll |
1547 | Event 20000 212.62 257.32 |
2055 | Event 20000 212.62 257.32 |
1548 | Glib 20000 651.16 1896.30 |
2056 | Glib 20000 651.16 1896.30 |
1549 | POE 20000 349.67 12317.24 uses POE::Loop::Event |
2057 | POE 20000 349.67 12317.24 uses POE::Loop::Event |
1550 | |
2058 | |
1551 | =head3 Discussion |
2059 | =head3 Discussion |
1552 | |
2060 | |
1553 | This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the |
2061 | This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the |
1554 | particular event loop. |
2062 | particular event loop. |
… | |
… | |
1556 | EV is again fastest. Since it is using epoll on my system, the setup time |
2064 | EV is again fastest. Since it is using epoll on my system, the setup time |
1557 | is relatively high, though. |
2065 | is relatively high, though. |
1558 | |
2066 | |
1559 | Perl surprisingly comes second. It is much faster than the C-based event |
2067 | Perl surprisingly comes second. It is much faster than the C-based event |
1560 | loops Event and Glib. |
2068 | loops Event and Glib. |
|
|
2069 | |
|
|
2070 | IO::Async performs very well when using its epoll backend, and still quite |
|
|
2071 | good compared to Glib when using its pure perl backend. |
1561 | |
2072 | |
1562 | Event suffers from high setup time as well (look at its code and you will |
2073 | Event suffers from high setup time as well (look at its code and you will |
1563 | understand why). Callback invocation also has a high overhead compared to |
2074 | understand why). Callback invocation also has a high overhead compared to |
1564 | the C<< $_->() for .. >>-style loop that the Perl event loop uses. Event |
2075 | the C<< $_->() for .. >>-style loop that the Perl event loop uses. Event |
1565 | uses select or poll in basically all documented configurations. |
2076 | uses select or poll in basically all documented configurations. |
… | |
… | |
1628 | =item * C-based event loops perform very well with small number of |
2139 | =item * C-based event loops perform very well with small number of |
1629 | watchers, as the management overhead dominates. |
2140 | watchers, as the management overhead dominates. |
1630 | |
2141 | |
1631 | =back |
2142 | =back |
1632 | |
2143 | |
|
|
2144 | =head2 THE IO::Lambda BENCHMARK |
|
|
2145 | |
|
|
2146 | Recently I was told about the benchmark in the IO::Lambda manpage, which |
|
|
2147 | could be misinterpreted to make AnyEvent look bad. In fact, the benchmark |
|
|
2148 | simply compares IO::Lambda with POE, and IO::Lambda looks better (which |
|
|
2149 | shouldn't come as a surprise to anybody). As such, the benchmark is |
|
|
2150 | fine, and mostly shows that the AnyEvent backend from IO::Lambda isn't |
|
|
2151 | very optimal. But how would AnyEvent compare when used without the extra |
|
|
2152 | baggage? To explore this, I wrote the equivalent benchmark for AnyEvent. |
|
|
2153 | |
|
|
2154 | The benchmark itself creates an echo-server, and then, for 500 times, |
|
|
2155 | connects to the echo server, sends a line, waits for the reply, and then |
|
|
2156 | creates the next connection. This is a rather bad benchmark, as it doesn't |
|
|
2157 | test the efficiency of the framework or much non-blocking I/O, but it is a |
|
|
2158 | benchmark nevertheless. |
|
|
2159 | |
|
|
2160 | name runtime |
|
|
2161 | Lambda/select 0.330 sec |
|
|
2162 | + optimized 0.122 sec |
|
|
2163 | Lambda/AnyEvent 0.327 sec |
|
|
2164 | + optimized 0.138 sec |
|
|
2165 | Raw sockets/select 0.077 sec |
|
|
2166 | POE/select, components 0.662 sec |
|
|
2167 | POE/select, raw sockets 0.226 sec |
|
|
2168 | POE/select, optimized 0.404 sec |
|
|
2169 | |
|
|
2170 | AnyEvent/select/nb 0.085 sec |
|
|
2171 | AnyEvent/EV/nb 0.068 sec |
|
|
2172 | +state machine 0.134 sec |
|
|
2173 | |
|
|
2174 | The benchmark is also a bit unfair (my fault): the IO::Lambda/POE |
|
|
2175 | benchmarks actually make blocking connects and use 100% blocking I/O, |
|
|
2176 | defeating the purpose of an event-based solution. All of the newly |
|
|
2177 | written AnyEvent benchmarks use 100% non-blocking connects (using |
|
|
2178 | AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect and the asynchronous pure perl DNS |
|
|
2179 | resolver), so AnyEvent is at a disadvantage here, as non-blocking connects |
|
|
2180 | generally require a lot more bookkeeping and event handling than blocking |
|
|
2181 | connects (which involve a single syscall only). |
|
|
2182 | |
|
|
2183 | The last AnyEvent benchmark additionally uses L<AnyEvent::Handle>, which |
|
|
2184 | offers similar expressive power as POE and IO::Lambda, using conventional |
|
|
2185 | Perl syntax. This means that both the echo server and the client are 100% |
|
|
2186 | non-blocking, further placing it at a disadvantage. |
|
|
2187 | |
|
|
2188 | As you can see, the AnyEvent + EV combination even beats the |
|
|
2189 | hand-optimised "raw sockets benchmark", while AnyEvent + its pure perl |
|
|
2190 | backend easily beats IO::Lambda and POE. |
|
|
2191 | |
|
|
2192 | And even the 100% non-blocking version written using the high-level (and |
|
|
2193 | slow :) L<AnyEvent::Handle> abstraction beats both POE and IO::Lambda by a |
|
|
2194 | large margin, even though it does all of DNS, tcp-connect and socket I/O |
|
|
2195 | in a non-blocking way. |
|
|
2196 | |
|
|
2197 | The two AnyEvent benchmarks programs can be found as F<eg/ae0.pl> and |
|
|
2198 | F<eg/ae2.pl> in the AnyEvent distribution, the remaining benchmarks are |
|
|
2199 | part of the IO::lambda distribution and were used without any changes. |
|
|
2200 | |
|
|
2201 | |
|
|
2202 | =head1 SIGNALS |
|
|
2203 | |
|
|
2204 | AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals: |
|
|
2205 | |
|
|
2206 | =over 4 |
|
|
2207 | |
|
|
2208 | =item SIGCHLD |
|
|
2209 | |
|
|
2210 | A handler for C<SIGCHLD> is installed by AnyEvent's child watcher |
|
|
2211 | emulation for event loops that do not support them natively. Also, some |
|
|
2212 | event loops install a similar handler. |
|
|
2213 | |
|
|
2214 | Additionally, when AnyEvent is loaded and SIGCHLD is set to IGNORE, then |
|
|
2215 | AnyEvent will reset it to default, to avoid losing child exit statuses. |
|
|
2216 | |
|
|
2217 | =item SIGPIPE |
|
|
2218 | |
|
|
2219 | A no-op handler is installed for C<SIGPIPE> when C<$SIG{PIPE}> is C<undef> |
|
|
2220 | when AnyEvent gets loaded. |
|
|
2221 | |
|
|
2222 | The rationale for this is that AnyEvent users usually do not really depend |
|
|
2223 | on SIGPIPE delivery (which is purely an optimisation for shell use, or |
|
|
2224 | badly-written programs), but C<SIGPIPE> can cause spurious and rare |
|
|
2225 | program exits as a lot of people do not expect C<SIGPIPE> when writing to |
|
|
2226 | some random socket. |
|
|
2227 | |
|
|
2228 | The rationale for installing a no-op handler as opposed to ignoring it is |
|
|
2229 | that this way, the handler will be restored to defaults on exec. |
|
|
2230 | |
|
|
2231 | Feel free to install your own handler, or reset it to defaults. |
|
|
2232 | |
|
|
2233 | =back |
|
|
2234 | |
|
|
2235 | =cut |
|
|
2236 | |
|
|
2237 | undef $SIG{CHLD} |
|
|
2238 | if $SIG{CHLD} eq 'IGNORE'; |
|
|
2239 | |
|
|
2240 | $SIG{PIPE} = sub { } |
|
|
2241 | unless defined $SIG{PIPE}; |
|
|
2242 | |
|
|
2243 | =head1 RECOMMENDED/OPTIONAL MODULES |
|
|
2244 | |
|
|
2245 | One of AnyEvent's main goals is to be 100% Pure-Perl(tm): only perl (and |
|
|
2246 | it's built-in modules) are required to use it. |
|
|
2247 | |
|
|
2248 | That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional |
|
|
2249 | modules if they are installed. |
|
|
2250 | |
|
|
2251 | This section epxlains which additional modules will be used, and how they |
|
|
2252 | affect AnyEvent's operetion. |
|
|
2253 | |
|
|
2254 | =over 4 |
|
|
2255 | |
|
|
2256 | =item L<Async::Interrupt> |
|
|
2257 | |
|
|
2258 | This slightly arcane module is used to implement fast signal handling: To |
|
|
2259 | my knowledge, there is no way to do completely race-free and quick |
|
|
2260 | signal handling in pure perl. To ensure that signals still get |
|
|
2261 | delivered, AnyEvent will start an interval timer to wake up perl (and |
|
|
2262 | catch the signals) with soemd elay (default is 10 seconds, look for |
|
|
2263 | C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>). |
|
|
2264 | |
|
|
2265 | If this module is available, then it will be used to implement signal |
|
|
2266 | catching, which means that signals will not be delayed, and the event loop |
|
|
2267 | will not be interrupted regularly, which is more efficient (And good for |
|
|
2268 | battery life on laptops). |
|
|
2269 | |
|
|
2270 | This affects not just the pure-perl event loop, but also other event loops |
|
|
2271 | that have no signal handling on their own (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt). |
|
|
2272 | |
|
|
2273 | =item L<EV> |
|
|
2274 | |
|
|
2275 | This module isn't really "optional", as it is simply one of the backend |
|
|
2276 | event loops that AnyEvent can use. However, it is simply the best event |
|
|
2277 | loop available in terms of features, speed and stability: It supports |
|
|
2278 | the AnyEvent API optimally, implements all the watcher types in XS, does |
|
|
2279 | automatic timer adjustments even when no monotonic clock is available, |
|
|
2280 | can take avdantage of advanced kernel interfaces such as C<epoll> and |
|
|
2281 | C<kqueue>, and is the fastest backend I<by far>. You can even embed |
|
|
2282 | L<Glib>/L<Gtk2> in it (or vice versa, see L<EV::Glib> and L<Glib::EV>). |
|
|
2283 | |
|
|
2284 | =item L<Guard> |
|
|
2285 | |
|
|
2286 | The guard module, when used, will be used to implement |
|
|
2287 | C<AnyEvent::Util::guard>. This speeds up guards considerably (and uses a |
|
|
2288 | lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is |
|
|
2289 | purely used for performance. |
|
|
2290 | |
|
|
2291 | =item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS> |
|
|
2292 | |
|
|
2293 | This module is required when you want to read or write JSON data via |
|
|
2294 | L<AnyEvent::Handle>. It is also written in pure-perl, but can take |
|
|
2295 | advantage of the ulta-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed. |
|
|
2296 | |
|
|
2297 | In fact, L<AnyEvent::Handle> will use L<JSON::XS> by default if it is |
|
|
2298 | installed. |
|
|
2299 | |
|
|
2300 | =item L<Net::SSLeay> |
|
|
2301 | |
|
|
2302 | Implementing TLS/SSL in Perl is certainly interesting, but not very |
|
|
2303 | worthwhile: If this module is installed, then L<AnyEvent::Handle> (with |
|
|
2304 | the help of L<AnyEvent::TLS>), gains the ability to do TLS/SSL. |
|
|
2305 | |
|
|
2306 | =item L<Time::HiRes> |
|
|
2307 | |
|
|
2308 | This module is part of perl since release 5.008. It will be used when the |
|
|
2309 | chosen event library does not come with a timing source on it's own. The |
|
|
2310 | pure-perl event loop (L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) will additionally use it to |
|
|
2311 | try to use a monotonic clock for timing stability. |
|
|
2312 | |
|
|
2313 | =back |
|
|
2314 | |
1633 | |
2315 | |
1634 | =head1 FORK |
2316 | =head1 FORK |
1635 | |
2317 | |
1636 | Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are |
2318 | Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are |
1637 | because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll> |
2319 | because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll> |
1638 | calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware. |
2320 | calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware. |
1639 | |
2321 | |
1640 | If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first |
2322 | If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first |
1641 | watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child. |
2323 | watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child OR you must do |
|
|
2324 | something completely out of the scope of AnyEvent. |
1642 | |
2325 | |
1643 | |
2326 | |
1644 | =head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS |
2327 | =head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS |
1645 | |
2328 | |
1646 | AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via |
2329 | AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via |
… | |
… | |
1651 | specified in the variable. |
2334 | specified in the variable. |
1652 | |
2335 | |
1653 | You can make AnyEvent completely ignore this variable by deleting it |
2336 | You can make AnyEvent completely ignore this variable by deleting it |
1654 | before the first watcher gets created, e.g. with a C<BEGIN> block: |
2337 | before the first watcher gets created, e.g. with a C<BEGIN> block: |
1655 | |
2338 | |
1656 | BEGIN { delete $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} } |
2339 | BEGIN { delete $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} } |
1657 | |
2340 | |
1658 | use AnyEvent; |
2341 | use AnyEvent; |
1659 | |
2342 | |
1660 | Similar considerations apply to $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}, as that can |
2343 | Similar considerations apply to $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}, as that can |
1661 | be used to probe what backend is used and gain other information (which is |
2344 | be used to probe what backend is used and gain other information (which is |
1662 | probably even less useful to an attacker than PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL). |
2345 | probably even less useful to an attacker than PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL), and |
|
|
2346 | $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT}. |
|
|
2347 | |
|
|
2348 | Note that AnyEvent will remove I<all> environment variables starting with |
|
|
2349 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_> from C<%ENV> when it is loaded while taint mode is |
|
|
2350 | enabled. |
|
|
2351 | |
|
|
2352 | |
|
|
2353 | =head1 BUGS |
|
|
2354 | |
|
|
2355 | Perl 5.8 has numerous memleaks that sometimes hit this module and are hard |
|
|
2356 | to work around. If you suffer from memleaks, first upgrade to Perl 5.10 |
|
|
2357 | and check wether the leaks still show up. (Perl 5.10.0 has other annoying |
|
|
2358 | memleaks, such as leaking on C<map> and C<grep> but it is usually not as |
|
|
2359 | pronounced). |
1663 | |
2360 | |
1664 | |
2361 | |
1665 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
2362 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
1666 | |
2363 | |
1667 | Utility functions: L<AnyEvent::Util>. |
2364 | Utility functions: L<AnyEvent::Util>. |
… | |
… | |
1670 | L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>. |
2367 | L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>. |
1671 | |
2368 | |
1672 | Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>, |
2369 | Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>, |
1673 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>, |
2370 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>, |
1674 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>, |
2371 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>, |
1675 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>. |
2372 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>. |
1676 | |
2373 | |
1677 | Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and |
2374 | Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and |
1678 | servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>. |
2375 | servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>. |
1679 | |
2376 | |
1680 | Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>. |
2377 | Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>. |
1681 | |
2378 | |
1682 | Coroutine support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>, L<Coro::Event>, |
2379 | Coroutine support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>, |
|
|
2380 | L<Coro::Event>, |
1683 | |
2381 | |
1684 | Nontrivial usage examples: L<Net::FCP>, L<Net::XMPP2>, L<AnyEvent::DNS>. |
2382 | Nontrivial usage examples: L<AnyEvent::GPSD>, L<AnyEvent::XMPP>, |
|
|
2383 | L<AnyEvent::HTTP>. |
1685 | |
2384 | |
1686 | |
2385 | |
1687 | =head1 AUTHOR |
2386 | =head1 AUTHOR |
1688 | |
2387 | |
1689 | Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
2388 | Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
1690 | http://home.schmorp.de/ |
2389 | http://home.schmorp.de/ |
1691 | |
2390 | |
1692 | =cut |
2391 | =cut |
1693 | |
2392 | |
1694 | 1 |
2393 | 1 |
1695 | |
2394 | |