[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm

Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.164 by root, Tue Jul 8 19:50:25 2008 UTC vs.
Revision 1.211 by root, Sat Jun 6 12:04:30 2009 UTC

…		…
1	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
2		2
3	AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops	3	AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops
4		4
5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt, POE - various supported event loops	5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt and POE are various supported
		6	event loops.
6		7
7	=head1 SYNOPSIS	8	=head1 SYNOPSIS
8		9
9	use AnyEvent;	10	use AnyEvent;
10		11
		12	# file descriptor readable
11	my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r\|w", cb => sub {	13	my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r", cb => sub { ... });
		14
		15	# one-shot or repeating timers
		16	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { ... });
		17	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, interval => $seconds, cb => ...
		18
		19	print AnyEvent->now; # prints current event loop time
		20	print AnyEvent->time; # think Time::HiRes::time or simply CORE::time.
		21
		22	# POSIX signal
		23	my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "TERM", cb => sub { ... });
		24
		25	# child process exit
		26	my $w = AnyEvent->child (pid => $pid, cb => sub {
		27	my ($pid, $status) = @_;
12	...	28	...
13	});	29	});
14		30
15	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub {	31	# called when event loop idle (if applicable)
16	...	32	my $w = AnyEvent->idle (cb => sub { ... });
17	});
18		33
19	my $w = AnyEvent->condvar; # stores whether a condition was flagged	34	my $w = AnyEvent->condvar; # stores whether a condition was flagged
20	$w->send; # wake up current and all future recv's	35	$w->send; # wake up current and all future recv's
21	$w->recv; # enters "main loop" till $condvar gets ->send	36	$w->recv; # enters "main loop" till $condvar gets ->send
		37	# use a condvar in callback mode:
		38	$w->cb (sub { $_[0]->recv });
22		39
23	=head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL	40	=head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL
24		41
25	This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested	42	This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested
26	in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the	43	in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the
33		50
34	Executive Summary: AnyEvent is I<compatible>, AnyEvent is I<free of	51	Executive Summary: AnyEvent is I<compatible>, AnyEvent is I<free of
35	policy> and AnyEvent is I<small and efficient>.	52	policy> and AnyEvent is I<small and efficient>.
36		53
37	First and foremost, I<AnyEvent is not an event model> itself, it only	54	First and foremost, I<AnyEvent is not an event model> itself, it only
38	interfaces to whatever event model the main program happens to use in a	55	interfaces to whatever event model the main program happens to use, in a
39	pragmatic way. For event models and certain classes of immortals alike,	56	pragmatic way. For event models and certain classes of immortals alike,
40	the statement "there can only be one" is a bitter reality: In general,	57	the statement "there can only be one" is a bitter reality: In general,
41	only one event loop can be active at the same time in a process. AnyEvent	58	only one event loop can be active at the same time in a process. AnyEvent
42	helps hiding the differences between those event loops.	59	cannot change this, but it can hide the differences between those event
		60	loops.
43		61
44	The goal of AnyEvent is to offer module authors the ability to do event	62	The goal of AnyEvent is to offer module authors the ability to do event
45	programming (waiting for I/O or timer events) without subscribing to a	63	programming (waiting for I/O or timer events) without subscribing to a
46	religion, a way of living, and most importantly: without forcing your	64	religion, a way of living, and most importantly: without forcing your
47	module users into the same thing by forcing them to use the same event	65	module users into the same thing by forcing them to use the same event
48	model you use.	66	model you use.
49		67
50	For modules like POE or IO::Async (which is a total misnomer as it is	68	For modules like POE or IO::Async (which is a total misnomer as it is
51	actually doing all I/O I<synchronously>...), using them in your module is	69	actually doing all I/O I<synchronously>...), using them in your module is
52	like joining a cult: After you joined, you are dependent on them and you	70	like joining a cult: After you joined, you are dependent on them and you
53	cannot use anything else, as it is simply incompatible to everything that	71	cannot use anything else, as they are simply incompatible to everything
54	isn't itself. What's worse, all the potential users of your module are	72	that isn't them. What's worse, all the potential users of your
55	I<also> forced to use the same event loop you use.	73	module are I<also> forced to use the same event loop you use.
56		74
57	AnyEvent is different: AnyEvent + POE works fine. AnyEvent + Glib works	75	AnyEvent is different: AnyEvent + POE works fine. AnyEvent + Glib works
58	fine. AnyEvent + Tk works fine etc. etc. but none of these work together	76	fine. AnyEvent + Tk works fine etc. etc. but none of these work together
59	with the rest: POE + IO::Async? No go. Tk + Event? No go. Again: if	77	with the rest: POE + IO::Async? No go. Tk + Event? No go. Again: if
60	your module uses one of those, every user of your module has to use it,	78	your module uses one of those, every user of your module has to use it,
61	too. But if your module uses AnyEvent, it works transparently with all	79	too. But if your module uses AnyEvent, it works transparently with all
62	event models it supports (including stuff like POE and IO::Async, as long	80	event models it supports (including stuff like IO::Async, as long as those
63	as those use one of the supported event loops. It is trivial to add new	81	use one of the supported event loops. It is trivial to add new event loops
64	event loops to AnyEvent, too, so it is future-proof).	82	to AnyEvent, too, so it is future-proof).
65		83
66	In addition to being free of having to use I<the one and only true event	84	In addition to being free of having to use I<the one and only true event
67	model>, AnyEvent also is free of bloat and policy: with POE or similar	85	model>, AnyEvent also is free of bloat and policy: with POE or similar
68	modules, you get an enormous amount of code and strict rules you have to	86	modules, you get an enormous amount of code and strict rules you have to
69	follow. AnyEvent, on the other hand, is lean and up to the point, by only	87	follow. AnyEvent, on the other hand, is lean and up to the point, by only
…		…
127	These watchers are normal Perl objects with normal Perl lifetime. After	145	These watchers are normal Perl objects with normal Perl lifetime. After
128	creating a watcher it will immediately "watch" for events and invoke the	146	creating a watcher it will immediately "watch" for events and invoke the
129	callback when the event occurs (of course, only when the event model	147	callback when the event occurs (of course, only when the event model
130	is in control).	148	is in control).
131		149
		150	Note that B<callbacks must not permanently change global variables>
		151	potentially in use by the event loop (such as C<$_> or C<$[>) and that B<<
		152	callbacks must not C<die> >>. The former is good programming practise in
		153	Perl and the latter stems from the fact that exception handling differs
		154	widely between event loops.
		155
132	To disable the watcher you have to destroy it (e.g. by setting the	156	To disable the watcher you have to destroy it (e.g. by setting the
133	variable you store it in to C<undef> or otherwise deleting all references	157	variable you store it in to C<undef> or otherwise deleting all references
134	to it).	158	to it).
135		159
136	All watchers are created by calling a method on the C<AnyEvent> class.	160	All watchers are created by calling a method on the C<AnyEvent> class.
…		…
152	=head2 I/O WATCHERS	176	=head2 I/O WATCHERS
153		177
154	You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method	178	You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method
155	with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:	179	with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:
156		180
157	C<fh> the Perl I<file handle> (I<not> file descriptor) to watch	181	C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (I<not> file descriptor) to watch
		182	for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file
		183	handle). Note that only file handles pointing to things for which
		184	non-blocking operation makes sense are allowed. This includes sockets,
		185	most character devices, pipes, fifos and so on, but not for example files
		186	or block devices.
		187
158	for events. C<poll> must be a string that is either C<r> or C<w>,	188	C<poll> must be a string that is either C<r> or C<w>, which creates a
159	which creates a watcher waiting for "r"eadable or "w"ritable events,	189	watcher waiting for "r"eadable or "w"ritable events, respectively.
		190
160	respectively. C<cb> is the callback to invoke each time the file handle	191	C<cb> is the callback to invoke each time the file handle becomes ready.
161	becomes ready.
162		192
163	Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and	193	Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and
164	presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent	194	presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent
165	callbacks cannot use arguments passed to I/O watcher callbacks.	195	callbacks cannot use arguments passed to I/O watcher callbacks.
166		196
…		…
193	Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and	223	Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and
194	presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent	224	presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent
195	callbacks cannot use arguments passed to time watcher callbacks.	225	callbacks cannot use arguments passed to time watcher callbacks.
196		226
197	The callback will normally be invoked once only. If you specify another	227	The callback will normally be invoked once only. If you specify another
198	parameter, C<interval>, as a positive number, then the callback will be	228	parameter, C<interval>, as a strictly positive number (> 0), then the
199	invoked regularly at that interval (in fractional seconds) after the first	229	callback will be invoked regularly at that interval (in fractional
200	invocation.	230	seconds) after the first invocation. If C<interval> is specified with a
		231	false value, then it is treated as if it were missing.
201		232
202	The callback will be rescheduled before invoking the callback, but no	233	The callback will be rescheduled before invoking the callback, but no
203	attempt is done to avoid timer drift in most backends, so the interval is	234	attempt is done to avoid timer drift in most backends, so the interval is
204	only approximate.	235	only approximate.
205		236
…		…
297	In either case, if you care (and in most cases, you don't), then you	328	In either case, if you care (and in most cases, you don't), then you
298	can get whatever behaviour you want with any event loop, by taking the	329	can get whatever behaviour you want with any event loop, by taking the
299	difference between C<< AnyEvent->time >> and C<< AnyEvent->now >> into	330	difference between C<< AnyEvent->time >> and C<< AnyEvent->now >> into
300	account.	331	account.
301		332
		333	=item AnyEvent->now_update
		334
		335	Some event loops (such as L<EV> or L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) cache
		336	the current time for each loop iteration (see the discussion of L<<
		337	AnyEvent->now >>, above).
		338
		339	When a callback runs for a long time (or when the process sleeps), then
		340	this "current" time will differ substantially from the real time, which
		341	might affect timers and time-outs.
		342
		343	When this is the case, you can call this method, which will update the
		344	event loop's idea of "current time".
		345
		346	Note that updating the time I<might> cause some events to be handled.
		347
302	=back	348	=back
303		349
304	=head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS	350	=head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS
305		351
306	You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal	352	You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal
307	I<name> without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl callback to	353	I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl
308	be invoked whenever a signal occurs.	354	callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs.
309		355
310	Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and	356	Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and
311	presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent	357	presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent
312	callbacks cannot use arguments passed to signal watcher callbacks.	358	callbacks cannot use arguments passed to signal watcher callbacks.
313		359
…		…
329	=head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS	375	=head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS
330		376
331	You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status.	377	You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status.
332		378
333	The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (if set to C<0>, it	379	The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (if set to C<0>, it
334	watches for any child process exit). The watcher will trigger as often	380	watches for any child process exit). The watcher will triggered only when
335	as status change for the child are received. This works by installing a	381	the child process has finished and an exit status is available, not on
336	signal handler for C<SIGCHLD>. The callback will be called with the pid	382	any trace events (stopped/continued).
337	and exit status (as returned by waitpid), so unlike other watcher types,	383
338	you I<can> rely on child watcher callback arguments.	384	The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by
		385	waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher
		386	callback arguments.
		387
		388	This watcher type works by installing a signal handler for C<SIGCHLD>,
		389	and since it cannot be shared, nothing else should use SIGCHLD or reap
		390	random child processes (waiting for specific child processes, e.g. inside
		391	C<system>, is just fine).
339		392
340	There is a slight catch to child watchers, however: you usually start them	393	There is a slight catch to child watchers, however: you usually start them
341	I<after> the child process was created, and this means the process could	394	I<after> the child process was created, and this means the process could
342	have exited already (and no SIGCHLD will be sent anymore).	395	have exited already (and no SIGCHLD will be sent anymore).
343		396
…		…
365	);	418	);
366		419
367	# do something else, then wait for process exit	420	# do something else, then wait for process exit
368	$done->recv;	421	$done->recv;
369		422
		423	=head2 IDLE WATCHERS
		424
		425	Sometimes there is a need to do something, but it is not so important
		426	to do it instantly, but only when there is nothing better to do. This
		427	"nothing better to do" is usually defined to be "no other events need
		428	attention by the event loop".
		429
		430	Idle watchers ideally get invoked when the event loop has nothing
		431	better to do, just before it would block the process to wait for new
		432	events. Instead of blocking, the idle watcher is invoked.
		433
		434	Most event loops unfortunately do not really support idle watchers (only
		435	EV, Event and Glib do it in a usable fashion) - for the rest, AnyEvent
		436	will simply call the callback "from time to time".
		437
		438	Example: read lines from STDIN, but only process them when the
		439	program is otherwise idle:
		440
		441	my @lines; # read data
		442	my $idle_w;
		443	my $io_w = AnyEvent->io (fh => \*STDIN, poll => 'r', cb => sub {
		444	push @lines, scalar <STDIN>;
		445
		446	# start an idle watcher, if not already done
		447	$idle_w \|\|= AnyEvent->idle (cb => sub {
		448	# handle only one line, when there are lines left
		449	if (my $line = shift @lines) {
		450	print "handled when idle: $line";
		451	} else {
		452	# otherwise disable the idle watcher again
		453	undef $idle_w;
		454	}
		455	});
		456	});
		457
370	=head2 CONDITION VARIABLES	458	=head2 CONDITION VARIABLES
371		459
372	If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them	460	If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them
373	require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that	461	require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that
374	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.	462	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.
…		…
379	The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called	467	The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called
380	because they represent a condition that must become true.	468	because they represent a condition that must become true.
381		469
382	Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar	470	Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar
383	>> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is	471	>> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is
		472
384	C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable	473	C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable
385	becomes true.	474	becomes true, with the condition variable as the first argument (but not
		475	the results).
386		476
387	After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true"	477	After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true"
388	by calling the C<send> method (or calling the condition variable as if it	478	by calling the C<send> method (or calling the condition variable as if it
389	were a callback, read about the caveats in the description for the C<<	479	were a callback, read about the caveats in the description for the C<<
390	->send >> method).	480	->send >> method).
…		…
446		536
447	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;	537	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;
448	my $delay = AnyEvent->timer (after => 5, cb => $done);	538	my $delay = AnyEvent->timer (after => 5, cb => $done);
449	$done->recv;	539	$done->recv;
450		540
		541	Example: Imagine an API that returns a condvar and doesn't support
		542	callbacks. This is how you make a synchronous call, for example from
		543	the main program:
		544
		545	use AnyEvent::CouchDB;
		546
		547	...
		548
		549	my @info = $couchdb->info->recv;
		550
		551	And this is how you would just ste a callback to be called whenever the
		552	results are available:
		553
		554	$couchdb->info->cb (sub {
		555	my @info = $_[0]->recv;
		556	});
		557
451	=head3 METHODS FOR PRODUCERS	558	=head3 METHODS FOR PRODUCERS
452		559
453	These methods should only be used by the producing side, i.e. the	560	These methods should only be used by the producing side, i.e. the
454	code/module that eventually sends the signal. Note that it is also	561	code/module that eventually sends the signal. Note that it is also
455	the producer side which creates the condvar in most cases, but it isn't	562	the producer side which creates the condvar in most cases, but it isn't
…		…
588	=item $bool = $cv->ready	695	=item $bool = $cv->ready
589		696
590	Returns true when the condition is "true", i.e. whether C<send> or	697	Returns true when the condition is "true", i.e. whether C<send> or
591	C<croak> have been called.	698	C<croak> have been called.
592		699
593	=item $cb = $cv->cb ([new callback])	700	=item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv))
594		701
595	This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally	702	This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally
596	replaces it before doing so.	703	replaces it before doing so.
597		704
598	The callback will be called when the condition becomes "true", i.e. when	705	The callback will be called when the condition becomes "true", i.e. when
…		…
788	=item L<AnyEvent::IGS>	895	=item L<AnyEvent::IGS>
789		896
790	A non-blocking interface to the Internet Go Server protocol (used by	897	A non-blocking interface to the Internet Go Server protocol (used by
791	L<App::IGS>).	898	L<App::IGS>).
792		899
793	=item L<Net::IRC3>	900	=item L<AnyEvent::IRC>
794		901
795	AnyEvent based IRC client module family.	902	AnyEvent based IRC client module family (replacing the older Net::IRC3).
796		903
797	=item L<Net::XMPP2>	904	=item L<Net::XMPP2>
798		905
799	AnyEvent based XMPP (Jabber protocol) module family.	906	AnyEvent based XMPP (Jabber protocol) module family.
800		907
…		…
820	=cut	927	=cut
821		928
822	package AnyEvent;	929	package AnyEvent;
823		930
824	no warnings;	931	no warnings;
825	use strict;	932	use strict qw(vars subs);
826		933
827	use Carp;	934	use Carp;
828		935
829	our $VERSION = 4.2;	936	our $VERSION = 4.41;
830	our $MODEL;	937	our $MODEL;
831		938
832	our $AUTOLOAD;	939	our $AUTOLOAD;
833	our @ISA;	940	our @ISA;
834		941
…		…
866	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza	973	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza
867	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],	974	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
868	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],	975	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
869	);	976	);
870		977
871	our %method = map +($_ => 1), qw(io timer time now signal child condvar one_event DESTROY);	978	our %method = map +($_ => 1),
		979	qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY);
872		980
873	our @post_detect;	981	our @post_detect;
874		982
875	sub post_detect(&) {	983	sub post_detect(&) {
876	my ($cb) = @_;	984	my ($cb) = @_;
…		…
881	1	989	1
882	} else {	990	} else {
883	push @post_detect, $cb;	991	push @post_detect, $cb;
884		992
885	defined wantarray	993	defined wantarray
886	? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::PostDetect"	994	? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect"
887	: ()	995	: ()
888	}	996	}
889	}	997	}
890		998
891	sub AnyEvent::Util::PostDetect::DESTROY {	999	sub AnyEvent::Util::postdetect::DESTROY {
892	@post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect;	1000	@post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect;
893	}	1001	}
894		1002
895	sub detect() {	1003	sub detect() {
896	unless ($MODEL) {	1004	unless ($MODEL) {
…		…
933	last;	1041	last;
934	}	1042	}
935	}	1043	}
936		1044
937	$MODEL	1045	$MODEL
938	or die "No event module selected for AnyEvent and autodetect failed. Install any one of these modules: EV, Event or Glib.";	1046	or die "No event module selected for AnyEvent and autodetect failed. Install any one of these modules: EV, Event or Glib.\n";
939	}	1047	}
940	}	1048	}
941		1049
		1050	push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base";
		1051
942	unshift @ISA, $MODEL;	1052	unshift @ISA, $MODEL;
943	push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base";	1053
		1054	require AnyEvent::Strict if $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT};
944		1055
945	(shift @post_detect)->() while @post_detect;	1056	(shift @post_detect)->() while @post_detect;
946	}	1057	}
947		1058
948	$MODEL	1059	$MODEL
…		…
958		1069
959	my $class = shift;	1070	my $class = shift;
960	$class->$func (@_);	1071	$class->$func (@_);
961	}	1072	}
962		1073
		1074	# utility function to dup a filehandle. this is used by many backends
		1075	# to support binding more than one watcher per filehandle (they usually
		1076	# allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one).
		1077	sub _dupfh($$$$) {
		1078	my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_;
		1079
		1080	# cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't
		1081	my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<")
		1082	: $poll eq "w" ? ($w, ">")
		1083	: Carp::croak "AnyEvent->io requires poll set to either 'r' or 'w'";
		1084
		1085	open my $fh2, "$mode&" . fileno $fh
		1086	or die "cannot dup() filehandle: $!,";
		1087
		1088	# we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases
		1089
		1090	($fh2, $rw)
		1091	}
		1092
963	package AnyEvent::Base;	1093	package AnyEvent::Base;
964		1094
965	# default implementation for now and time	1095	# default implementations for many methods
966		1096
967	use Time::HiRes ();	1097	BEGIN {
		1098	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {
		1099	*_time = \&Time::HiRes::time;
		1100	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...
		1101	} else {
		1102	*_time = sub { time }; # epic fail
		1103	}
		1104	}
968		1105
969	sub time { Time::HiRes::time }	1106	sub time { _time }
970	sub now { Time::HiRes::time }	1107	sub now { _time }
		1108	sub now_update { }
971		1109
972	# default implementation for ->condvar	1110	# default implementation for ->condvar
973		1111
974	sub condvar {	1112	sub condvar {
975	bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, AnyEvent::CondVar::	1113	bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"
976	}	1114	}
977		1115
978	# default implementation for ->signal	1116	# default implementation for ->signal
979		1117
980	our %SIG_CB;	1118	our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO);
		1119
		1120	sub _signal_exec {
		1121	sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 4;
		1122
		1123	while (%SIG_EV) {
		1124	for (keys %SIG_EV) {
		1125	delete $SIG_EV{$_};
		1126	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} \|\| {} };
		1127	}
		1128	}
		1129	}
981		1130
982	sub signal {	1131	sub signal {
983	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1132	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
984		1133
		1134	unless ($SIGPIPE_R) {
		1135	require Fcntl;
		1136
		1137	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {
		1138	require AnyEvent::Util;
		1139
		1140	($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe ();
		1141	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R) if $SIGPIPE_R;
		1142	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
		1143	} else {
		1144	pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W;
		1145	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R;
		1146	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
		1147
		1148	# not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure...
		1149	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
		1150	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
		1151	}
		1152
		1153	$SIGPIPE_R
		1154	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";
		1155
		1156	$SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec);
		1157	}
		1158
985	my $signal = uc $arg{signal}	1159	my $signal = uc $arg{signal}
986	or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing";	1160	or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing";
987		1161
988	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};	1162	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
989	$SIG{$signal} \|\|= sub {	1163	$SIG{$signal} \|\|= sub {
990	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} \|\| {} };	1164	local $!;
		1165	syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV;
		1166	undef $SIG_EV{$signal};
991	};	1167	};
992		1168
993	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::Signal"	1169	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"
994	}	1170	}
995		1171
996	sub AnyEvent::Base::Signal::DESTROY {	1172	sub AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY {
997	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};	1173	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
998		1174
999	delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};	1175	delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};
1000		1176
		1177	# delete doesn't work with older perls - they then
		1178	# print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit
		1179	# instead of getting the default action.
1001	delete $SIG{$signal} unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };	1180	undef $SIG{$signal} unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };
1002	}	1181	}
1003		1182
1004	# default implementation for ->child	1183	# default implementation for ->child
1005		1184
1006	our %PID_CB;	1185	our %PID_CB;
1007	our $CHLD_W;	1186	our $CHLD_W;
1008	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;	1187	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;
1009	our $PID_IDLE;
1010	our $WNOHANG;	1188	our $WNOHANG;
1011		1189
1012	sub _child_wait {	1190	sub _sigchld {
1013	while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) {	1191	while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) {
1014	$_->($pid, $?) for (values %{ $PID_CB{$pid} \|\| {} }),	1192	$_->($pid, $?) for (values %{ $PID_CB{$pid} \|\| {} }),
1015	(values %{ $PID_CB{0} \|\| {} });	1193	(values %{ $PID_CB{0} \|\| {} });
1016	}	1194	}
1017
1018	undef $PID_IDLE;
1019	}
1020
1021	sub _sigchld {
1022	# make sure we deliver these changes "synchronous" with the event loop.
1023	$CHLD_DELAY_W \|\|= AnyEvent->timer (after => 0, cb => sub {
1024	undef $CHLD_DELAY_W;
1025	&_child_wait;
1026	});
1027	}	1195	}
1028		1196
1029	sub child {	1197	sub child {
1030	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1198	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
1031		1199
1032	defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0)	1200	defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0)
1033	or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing";	1201	or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing";
1034		1202
1035	$PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};	1203	$PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
1036		1204
1037	unless ($WNOHANG) {
1038	$WNOHANG = eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } \|\| 1;	1205	$WNOHANG \|\|= eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } \|\| 1;
1039	}
1040		1206
1041	unless ($CHLD_W) {	1207	unless ($CHLD_W) {
1042	$CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld);	1208	$CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld);
1043	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round	1209	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round
1044	&_sigchld;	1210	&_sigchld;
1045	}	1211	}
1046		1212
1047	bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::Child"	1213	bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child"
1048	}	1214	}
1049		1215
1050	sub AnyEvent::Base::Child::DESTROY {	1216	sub AnyEvent::Base::child::DESTROY {
1051	my ($pid, $cb) = @{$_[0]};	1217	my ($pid, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
1052		1218
1053	delete $PID_CB{$pid}{$cb};	1219	delete $PID_CB{$pid}{$cb};
1054	delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} };	1220	delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} };
1055		1221
1056	undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB;	1222	undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB;
		1223	}
		1224
		1225	# idle emulation is done by simply using a timer, regardless
		1226	# of whether the process is idle or not, and not letting
		1227	# the callback use more than 50% of the time.
		1228	sub idle {
		1229	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
		1230
		1231	my ($cb, $w, $rcb) = $arg{cb};
		1232
		1233	$rcb = sub {
		1234	if ($cb) {
		1235	$w = _time;
		1236	&$cb;
		1237	$w = _time - $w;
		1238
		1239	# never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher,
		1240	# within some limits
		1241	$w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001;
		1242	$w = 5 if $w > 5;
		1243
		1244	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $w, cb => $rcb);
		1245	} else {
		1246	# clean up...
		1247	undef $w;
		1248	undef $rcb;
		1249	}
		1250	};
		1251
		1252	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 0.05, cb => $rcb);
		1253
		1254	bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle"
		1255	}
		1256
		1257	sub AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY {
		1258	undef $${$_[0]};
1057	}	1259	}
1058		1260
1059	package AnyEvent::CondVar;	1261	package AnyEvent::CondVar;
1060		1262
1061	our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::;	1263	our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::;
…		…
1113	}	1315	}
1114		1316
1115	# undocumented/compatibility with pre-3.4	1317	# undocumented/compatibility with pre-3.4
1116	*broadcast = \&send;	1318	*broadcast = \&send;
1117	*wait = \&_wait;	1319	*wait = \&_wait;
		1320
		1321	=head1 ERROR AND EXCEPTION HANDLING
		1322
		1323	In general, AnyEvent does not do any error handling - it relies on the
		1324	caller to do that if required. The L<AnyEvent::Strict> module (see also
		1325	the C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT> environment variable, below) provides strict
		1326	checking of all AnyEvent methods, however, which is highly useful during
		1327	development.
		1328
		1329	As for exception handling (i.e. runtime errors and exceptions thrown while
		1330	executing a callback), this is not only highly event-loop specific, but
		1331	also not in any way wrapped by this module, as this is the job of the main
		1332	program.
		1333
		1334	The pure perl event loop simply re-throws the exception (usually
		1335	within C<< condvar->recv >>), the L<Event> and L<EV> modules call C<<
		1336	$Event/EV::DIED->() >>, L<Glib> uses C<< install_exception_handler >> and
		1337	so on.
		1338
		1339	=head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
		1340
		1341	The following environment variables are used by this module or its
		1342	submodules:
		1343
		1344	=over 4
		1345
		1346	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE>
		1347
		1348	By default, AnyEvent will be completely silent except in fatal
		1349	conditions. You can set this environment variable to make AnyEvent more
		1350	talkative.
		1351
		1352	When set to C<1> or higher, causes AnyEvent to warn about unexpected
		1353	conditions, such as not being able to load the event model specified by
		1354	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>.
		1355
		1356	When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event
		1357	model it chooses.
		1358
		1359	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT>
		1360
		1361	AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough
		1362	argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value
		1363	will cause AnyEvent to load C<AnyEvent::Strict> and then to thoroughly
		1364	check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems
		1365	it will croak.
		1366
		1367	In other words, enables "strict" mode.
		1368
		1369	Unlike C<use strict>, it is definitely recommended ot keep it off in
		1370	production. Keeping C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while
		1371	developing programs can be very useful, however.
		1372
		1373	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>
		1374
		1375	This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before
		1376	auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting
		1377	entirely of ASCII letters. The string C<AnyEvent::Impl::> gets prepended
		1378	and the resulting module name is loaded and if the load was successful,
		1379	used as event model. If it fails to load AnyEvent will proceed with
		1380	auto detection and -probing.
		1381
		1382	This functionality might change in future versions.
		1383
		1384	For example, to force the pure perl model (L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) you
		1385	could start your program like this:
		1386
		1387	PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL=Perl perl ...
		1388
		1389	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS>
		1390
		1391	Used by both L<AnyEvent::DNS> and L<AnyEvent::Socket> to determine preferences
		1392	for IPv4 or IPv6. The default is unspecified (and might change, or be the result
		1393	of auto probing).
		1394
		1395	Must be set to a comma-separated list of protocols or address families,
		1396	current supported: C<ipv4> and C<ipv6>. Only protocols mentioned will be
		1397	used, and preference will be given to protocols mentioned earlier in the
		1398	list.
		1399
		1400	This variable can effectively be used for denial-of-service attacks
		1401	against local programs (e.g. when setuid), although the impact is likely
		1402	small, as the program has to handle conenction and other failures anyways.
		1403
		1404	Examples: C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv4,ipv6> - prefer IPv4 over IPv6,
		1405	but support both and try to use both. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv4>
		1406	- only support IPv4, never try to resolve or contact IPv6
		1407	addresses. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv6,ipv4> support either IPv4 or
		1408	IPv6, but prefer IPv6 over IPv4.
		1409
		1410	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_EDNS0>
		1411
		1412	Used by L<AnyEvent::DNS> to decide whether to use the EDNS0 extension
		1413	for DNS. This extension is generally useful to reduce DNS traffic, but
		1414	some (broken) firewalls drop such DNS packets, which is why it is off by
		1415	default.
		1416
		1417	Setting this variable to C<1> will cause L<AnyEvent::DNS> to announce
		1418	EDNS0 in its DNS requests.
		1419
		1420	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS>
		1421
		1422	The maximum number of child processes that C<AnyEvent::Util::fork_call>
		1423	will create in parallel.
		1424
		1425	=back
1118		1426
1119	=head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE	1427	=head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE
1120		1428
1121	This is an advanced topic that you do not normally need to use AnyEvent in	1429	This is an advanced topic that you do not normally need to use AnyEvent in
1122	a module. This section is only of use to event loop authors who want to	1430	a module. This section is only of use to event loop authors who want to
…		…
1156		1464
1157	I<rxvt-unicode> also cheats a bit by not providing blocking access to	1465	I<rxvt-unicode> also cheats a bit by not providing blocking access to
1158	condition variables: code blocking while waiting for a condition will	1466	condition variables: code blocking while waiting for a condition will
1159	C<die>. This still works with most modules/usages, and blocking calls must	1467	C<die>. This still works with most modules/usages, and blocking calls must
1160	not be done in an interactive application, so it makes sense.	1468	not be done in an interactive application, so it makes sense.
1161
1162	=head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
1163
1164	The following environment variables are used by this module:
1165
1166	=over 4
1167
1168	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE>
1169
1170	By default, AnyEvent will be completely silent except in fatal
1171	conditions. You can set this environment variable to make AnyEvent more
1172	talkative.
1173
1174	When set to C<1> or higher, causes AnyEvent to warn about unexpected
1175	conditions, such as not being able to load the event model specified by
1176	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>.
1177
1178	When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event
1179	model it chooses.
1180
1181	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>
1182
1183	This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before
1184	auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting
1185	entirely of ASCII letters. The string C<AnyEvent::Impl::> gets prepended
1186	and the resulting module name is loaded and if the load was successful,
1187	used as event model. If it fails to load AnyEvent will proceed with
1188	auto detection and -probing.
1189
1190	This functionality might change in future versions.
1191
1192	For example, to force the pure perl model (L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) you
1193	could start your program like this:
1194
1195	PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL=Perl perl ...
1196
1197	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS>
1198
1199	Used by both L<AnyEvent::DNS> and L<AnyEvent::Socket> to determine preferences
1200	for IPv4 or IPv6. The default is unspecified (and might change, or be the result
1201	of auto probing).
1202
1203	Must be set to a comma-separated list of protocols or address families,
1204	current supported: C<ipv4> and C<ipv6>. Only protocols mentioned will be
1205	used, and preference will be given to protocols mentioned earlier in the
1206	list.
1207
1208	This variable can effectively be used for denial-of-service attacks
1209	against local programs (e.g. when setuid), although the impact is likely
1210	small, as the program has to handle connection errors already-
1211
1212	Examples: C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv4,ipv6> - prefer IPv4 over IPv6,
1213	but support both and try to use both. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv4>
1214	- only support IPv4, never try to resolve or contact IPv6
1215	addresses. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv6,ipv4> support either IPv4 or
1216	IPv6, but prefer IPv6 over IPv4.
1217
1218	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_EDNS0>
1219
1220	Used by L<AnyEvent::DNS> to decide whether to use the EDNS0 extension
1221	for DNS. This extension is generally useful to reduce DNS traffic, but
1222	some (broken) firewalls drop such DNS packets, which is why it is off by
1223	default.
1224
1225	Setting this variable to C<1> will cause L<AnyEvent::DNS> to announce
1226	EDNS0 in its DNS requests.
1227
1228	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS>
1229
1230	The maximum number of child processes that C<AnyEvent::Util::fork_call>
1231	will create in parallel.
1232
1233	=back
1234		1469
1235	=head1 EXAMPLE PROGRAM	1470	=head1 EXAMPLE PROGRAM
1236		1471
1237	The following program uses an I/O watcher to read data from STDIN, a timer	1472	The following program uses an I/O watcher to read data from STDIN, a timer
1238	to display a message once per second, and a condition variable to quit the	1473	to display a message once per second, and a condition variable to quit the
…		…
1432	watcher.	1667	watcher.
1433		1668
1434	=head3 Results	1669	=head3 Results
1435		1670
1436	name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment	1671	name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment
1437	EV/EV 400000 244 0.56 0.46 0.31 EV native interface	1672	EV/EV 400000 224 0.47 0.35 0.27 EV native interface
1438	EV/Any 100000 244 2.50 0.46 0.29 EV + AnyEvent watchers	1673	EV/Any 100000 224 2.88 0.34 0.27 EV + AnyEvent watchers
1439	CoroEV/Any 100000 244 2.49 0.44 0.29 coroutines + Coro::Signal	1674	CoroEV/Any 100000 224 2.85 0.35 0.28 coroutines + Coro::Signal
1440	Perl/Any 100000 513 4.92 0.87 1.12 pure perl implementation	1675	Perl/Any 100000 452 4.13 0.73 0.95 pure perl implementation
1441	Event/Event 16000 516 31.88 31.30 0.85 Event native interface	1676	Event/Event 16000 517 32.20 31.80 0.81 Event native interface
1442	Event/Any 16000 590 35.75 31.42 1.08 Event + AnyEvent watchers	1677	Event/Any 16000 590 35.85 31.55 1.06 Event + AnyEvent watchers
1443	Glib/Any 16000 1357 98.22 12.41 54.00 quadratic behaviour	1678	Glib/Any 16000 1357 102.33 12.31 51.00 quadratic behaviour
1444	Tk/Any 2000 1860 26.97 67.98 14.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers	1679	Tk/Any 2000 1860 27.20 66.31 14.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers
1445	POE/Event 2000 6644 108.64 736.02 14.73 via POE::Loop::Event	1680	POE/Event 2000 6328 109.99 751.67 14.02 via POE::Loop::Event
1446	POE/Select 2000 6343 94.13 809.12 565.96 via POE::Loop::Select	1681	POE/Select 2000 6027 94.54 809.13 579.80 via POE::Loop::Select
1447		1682
1448	=head3 Discussion	1683	=head3 Discussion
1449		1684
1450	The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very	1685	The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very
1451	well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one)	1686	well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one)
…		…
1653	watchers, as the management overhead dominates.	1888	watchers, as the management overhead dominates.
1654		1889
1655	=back	1890	=back
1656		1891
1657		1892
		1893	=head1 SIGNALS
		1894
		1895	AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals:
		1896
		1897	=over 4
		1898
		1899	=item SIGCHLD
		1900
		1901	A handler for C<SIGCHLD> is installed by AnyEvent's child watcher
		1902	emulation for event loops that do not support them natively. Also, some
		1903	event loops install a similar handler.
		1904
		1905	=item SIGPIPE
		1906
		1907	A no-op handler is installed for C<SIGPIPE> when C<$SIG{PIPE}> is C<undef>
		1908	when AnyEvent gets loaded.
		1909
		1910	The rationale for this is that AnyEvent users usually do not really depend
		1911	on SIGPIPE delivery (which is purely an optimisation for shell use, or
		1912	badly-written programs), but C<SIGPIPE> can cause spurious and rare
		1913	program exits as a lot of people do not expect C<SIGPIPE> when writing to
		1914	some random socket.
		1915
		1916	The rationale for installing a no-op handler as opposed to ignoring it is
		1917	that this way, the handler will be restored to defaults on exec.
		1918
		1919	Feel free to install your own handler, or reset it to defaults.
		1920
		1921	=back
		1922
		1923	=cut
		1924
		1925	$SIG{PIPE} = sub { }
		1926	unless defined $SIG{PIPE};
		1927
		1928
1658	=head1 FORK	1929	=head1 FORK
1659		1930
1660	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are	1931	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are
1661	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll>	1932	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll>
1662	calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware.	1933	calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware.
…		…
1681		1952
1682	use AnyEvent;	1953	use AnyEvent;
1683		1954
1684	Similar considerations apply to $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}, as that can	1955	Similar considerations apply to $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}, as that can
1685	be used to probe what backend is used and gain other information (which is	1956	be used to probe what backend is used and gain other information (which is
1686	probably even less useful to an attacker than PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL).	1957	probably even less useful to an attacker than PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL), and
		1958	$ENV{PERL_ANYEGENT_STRICT}.
1687		1959
1688		1960
1689	=head1 BUGS	1961	=head1 BUGS
1690		1962
1691	Perl 5.8 has numerous memleaks that sometimes hit this module and are hard	1963	Perl 5.8 has numerous memleaks that sometimes hit this module and are hard
1692	to work around. If you suffer from memleaks, first upgrade to Perl 5.10	1964	to work around. If you suffer from memleaks, first upgrade to Perl 5.10
1693	and check wether the leaks still show up. (Perl 5.10.0 has other annoying	1965	and check wether the leaks still show up. (Perl 5.10.0 has other annoying
1694	mamleaks, such as leaking on C<map> and C<grep> but it is usually not as	1966	memleaks, such as leaking on C<map> and C<grep> but it is usually not as
1695	pronounced).	1967	pronounced).
1696		1968
1697		1969
1698	=head1 SEE ALSO	1970	=head1 SEE ALSO
1699		1971

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Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents): Revision 1.164 by root, Tue Jul 8 19:50:25 2008 UTC vs. Revision 1.211 by root, Sat Jun 6 12:04:30 2009 UTC

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Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.164 by root, Tue Jul 8 19:50:25 2008 UTC vs.
Revision 1.211 by root, Sat Jun 6 12:04:30 2009 UTC