1 | =head1 NAME |
1 | =head1 NAME |
2 | |
2 | |
3 | AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops |
3 | AnyEvent - events independent of event loop implementation |
4 | |
4 | |
5 | EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt and POE are various supported |
5 | EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt and POE are various supported |
6 | event loops. |
6 | event loops. |
7 | |
7 | |
8 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
8 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
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40 | =head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL |
40 | =head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL |
41 | |
41 | |
42 | This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested |
42 | This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested |
43 | in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the |
43 | in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the |
44 | L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage. |
44 | L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage. |
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45 | |
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46 | =head1 SUPPORT |
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47 | |
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48 | There is a mailinglist for discussing all things AnyEvent, and an IRC |
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49 | channel, too. |
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50 | |
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51 | See the AnyEvent project page at the B<Schmorpforge Ta-Sa Software |
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52 | Respository>, at L<http://anyevent.schmorp.de>, for more info. |
45 | |
53 | |
46 | =head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT) |
54 | =head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT) |
47 | |
55 | |
48 | Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen |
56 | Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen |
49 | nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent? |
57 | nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent? |
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176 | =head2 I/O WATCHERS |
184 | =head2 I/O WATCHERS |
177 | |
185 | |
178 | You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method |
186 | You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method |
179 | with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments: |
187 | with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments: |
180 | |
188 | |
181 | C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (I<not> file descriptor) to watch |
189 | C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch |
182 | for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file |
190 | for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file |
183 | handle). Note that only file handles pointing to things for which |
191 | handle). Note that only file handles pointing to things for which |
184 | non-blocking operation makes sense are allowed. This includes sockets, |
192 | non-blocking operation makes sense are allowed. This includes sockets, |
185 | most character devices, pipes, fifos and so on, but not for example files |
193 | most character devices, pipes, fifos and so on, but not for example files |
186 | or block devices. |
194 | or block devices. |
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361 | invocation, and callback invocation will be synchronous. Synchronous means |
369 | invocation, and callback invocation will be synchronous. Synchronous means |
362 | that it might take a while until the signal gets handled by the process, |
370 | that it might take a while until the signal gets handled by the process, |
363 | but it is guaranteed not to interrupt any other callbacks. |
371 | but it is guaranteed not to interrupt any other callbacks. |
364 | |
372 | |
365 | The main advantage of using these watchers is that you can share a signal |
373 | The main advantage of using these watchers is that you can share a signal |
366 | between multiple watchers. |
374 | between multiple watchers, and AnyEvent will ensure that signals will not |
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375 | interrupt your program at bad times. |
367 | |
376 | |
368 | This watcher might use C<%SIG>, so programs overwriting those signals |
377 | This watcher might use C<%SIG> (depending on the event loop used), |
369 | directly will likely not work correctly. |
378 | so programs overwriting those signals directly will likely not work |
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379 | correctly. |
370 | |
380 | |
371 | Example: exit on SIGINT |
381 | Example: exit on SIGINT |
372 | |
382 | |
373 | my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 }); |
383 | my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 }); |
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384 | |
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385 | =head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds |
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386 | |
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387 | Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support attaching |
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388 | callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot do |
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389 | race-free signal handling in perl. AnyEvent will try to do it's best, but |
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390 | in some cases, signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might |
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391 | be delayed is specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10 |
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392 | seconds). This variable can be changed only before the first signal |
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393 | watcher is created, and should be left alone otherwise. Higher values |
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394 | will cause fewer spurious wake-ups, which is better for power and CPU |
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395 | saving. All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional |
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396 | L<Async::Interrupt> module. This will not work with inherently broken |
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397 | event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib> (and not with L<POE> |
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398 | currently, as POE does it's own workaround with one-second latency). With |
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399 | those, you just have to suffer the delays. |
374 | |
400 | |
375 | =head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS |
401 | =head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS |
376 | |
402 | |
377 | You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status. |
403 | You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status. |
378 | |
404 | |
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403 | |
429 | |
404 | This means you cannot create a child watcher as the very first |
430 | This means you cannot create a child watcher as the very first |
405 | thing in an AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one |
431 | thing in an AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one |
406 | watcher before you C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call |
432 | watcher before you C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call |
407 | C<AnyEvent::detect>). |
433 | C<AnyEvent::detect>). |
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434 | |
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435 | As most event loops do not support waiting for child events, they will be |
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436 | emulated by AnyEvent in most cases, in which the latency and race problems |
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437 | mentioned in the description of signal watchers apply. |
408 | |
438 | |
409 | Example: fork a process and wait for it |
439 | Example: fork a process and wait for it |
410 | |
440 | |
411 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
441 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
412 | |
442 | |
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463 | |
493 | |
464 | If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them |
494 | If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them |
465 | require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that |
495 | require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that |
466 | will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks. |
496 | will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks. |
467 | |
497 | |
468 | AnyEvent is different, it expects somebody else to run the event loop and |
498 | AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event |
469 | will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user). |
499 | loop and will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user). |
470 | |
500 | |
471 | The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called |
501 | The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called |
472 | because they represent a condition that must become true. |
502 | because they represent a condition that must become true. |
473 | |
503 | |
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504 | Now is probably a good time to look at the examples further below. |
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505 | |
474 | Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar |
506 | Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar |
475 | >> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is |
507 | >> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is |
476 | |
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477 | C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable |
508 | C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable |
478 | becomes true, with the condition variable as the first argument (but not |
509 | becomes true, with the condition variable as the first argument (but not |
479 | the results). |
510 | the results). |
480 | |
511 | |
481 | After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true" |
512 | After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true" |
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486 | Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can |
517 | Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can |
487 | optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points |
518 | optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points |
488 | in time where multiple outstanding events have been processed. And yet |
519 | in time where multiple outstanding events have been processed. And yet |
489 | another way to call them is transactions - each condition variable can be |
520 | another way to call them is transactions - each condition variable can be |
490 | used to represent a transaction, which finishes at some point and delivers |
521 | used to represent a transaction, which finishes at some point and delivers |
491 | a result. |
522 | a result. And yet some people know them as "futures" - a promise to |
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523 | compute/deliver something that you can wait for. |
492 | |
524 | |
493 | Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished, |
525 | Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished, |
494 | for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests, |
526 | for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests, |
495 | then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the |
527 | then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the |
496 | availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is |
528 | availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is |
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530 | after => 1, |
562 | after => 1, |
531 | cb => sub { $result_ready->send }, |
563 | cb => sub { $result_ready->send }, |
532 | ); |
564 | ); |
533 | |
565 | |
534 | # this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback |
566 | # this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback |
535 | # calls send |
567 | # calls -<send |
536 | $result_ready->recv; |
568 | $result_ready->recv; |
537 | |
569 | |
538 | Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that |
570 | Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition |
539 | condition variables are also code references. |
571 | variables are also callable directly. |
540 | |
572 | |
541 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
573 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
542 | my $delay = AnyEvent->timer (after => 5, cb => $done); |
574 | my $delay = AnyEvent->timer (after => 5, cb => $done); |
543 | $done->recv; |
575 | $done->recv; |
544 | |
576 | |
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550 | |
582 | |
551 | ... |
583 | ... |
552 | |
584 | |
553 | my @info = $couchdb->info->recv; |
585 | my @info = $couchdb->info->recv; |
554 | |
586 | |
555 | And this is how you would just ste a callback to be called whenever the |
587 | And this is how you would just set a callback to be called whenever the |
556 | results are available: |
588 | results are available: |
557 | |
589 | |
558 | $couchdb->info->cb (sub { |
590 | $couchdb->info->cb (sub { |
559 | my @info = $_[0]->recv; |
591 | my @info = $_[0]->recv; |
560 | }); |
592 | }); |
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578 | immediately from within send. |
610 | immediately from within send. |
579 | |
611 | |
580 | Any arguments passed to the C<send> call will be returned by all |
612 | Any arguments passed to the C<send> call will be returned by all |
581 | future C<< ->recv >> calls. |
613 | future C<< ->recv >> calls. |
582 | |
614 | |
583 | Condition variables are overloaded so one can call them directly |
615 | Condition variables are overloaded so one can call them directly (as if |
584 | (as a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling |
616 | they were a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling |
585 | C<send>. Note, however, that many C-based event loops do not handle |
617 | C<send>. |
586 | overloading, so as tempting as it may be, passing a condition variable |
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587 | instead of a callback does not work. Both the pure perl and EV loops |
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588 | support overloading, however, as well as all functions that use perl to |
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589 | invoke a callback (as in L<AnyEvent::Socket> and L<AnyEvent::DNS> for |
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590 | example). |
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591 | |
618 | |
592 | =item $cv->croak ($error) |
619 | =item $cv->croak ($error) |
593 | |
620 | |
594 | Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke |
621 | Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke |
595 | C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar. |
622 | C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar. |
596 | |
623 | |
597 | This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable |
624 | This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable |
598 | user/consumer. |
625 | user/consumer. Doing it this way instead of calling C<croak> directly |
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626 | delays the error detetcion, but has the overwhelmign advantage that it |
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627 | diagnoses the error at the place where the result is expected, and not |
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628 | deep in some event clalback without connection to the actual code causing |
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629 | the problem. |
599 | |
630 | |
600 | =item $cv->begin ([group callback]) |
631 | =item $cv->begin ([group callback]) |
601 | |
632 | |
602 | =item $cv->end |
633 | =item $cv->end |
603 | |
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604 | These two methods are EXPERIMENTAL and MIGHT CHANGE. |
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605 | |
634 | |
606 | These two methods can be used to combine many transactions/events into |
635 | These two methods can be used to combine many transactions/events into |
607 | one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want |
636 | one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want |
608 | to use a condition variable for the whole process. |
637 | to use a condition variable for the whole process. |
609 | |
638 | |
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611 | C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end |
640 | C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end |
612 | >>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback |
641 | >>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback |
613 | is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no |
642 | is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no |
614 | callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments. |
643 | callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments. |
615 | |
644 | |
616 | Let's clarify this with the ping example: |
645 | You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call |
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646 | sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND |
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647 | condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends). |
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648 | |
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649 | Let's start with a simple example: you have two I/O watchers (for example, |
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650 | STDOUT and STDERR for a program), and you want to wait for both streams to |
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651 | close before activating a condvar: |
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652 | |
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653 | my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
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654 | |
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655 | $cv->begin; # first watcher |
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656 | my $w1 = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh1, cb => sub { |
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657 | defined sysread $fh1, my $buf, 4096 |
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658 | or $cv->end; |
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659 | }); |
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660 | |
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661 | $cv->begin; # second watcher |
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662 | my $w2 = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh2, cb => sub { |
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663 | defined sysread $fh2, my $buf, 4096 |
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664 | or $cv->end; |
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665 | }); |
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666 | |
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667 | $cv->recv; |
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668 | |
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669 | This works because for every event source (EOF on file handle), there is |
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670 | one call to C<begin>, so the condvar waits for all calls to C<end> before |
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671 | sending. |
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672 | |
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673 | The ping example mentioned above is slightly more complicated, as the |
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674 | there are results to be passwd back, and the number of tasks that are |
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675 | begung can potentially be zero: |
617 | |
676 | |
618 | my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
677 | my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
619 | |
678 | |
620 | my %result; |
679 | my %result; |
621 | $cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) }); |
680 | $cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) }); |
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641 | loop, which serves two important purposes: first, it sets the callback |
700 | loop, which serves two important purposes: first, it sets the callback |
642 | to be called once the counter reaches C<0>, and second, it ensures that |
701 | to be called once the counter reaches C<0>, and second, it ensures that |
643 | C<send> is called even when C<no> hosts are being pinged (the loop |
702 | C<send> is called even when C<no> hosts are being pinged (the loop |
644 | doesn't execute once). |
703 | doesn't execute once). |
645 | |
704 | |
646 | This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple subrequests: |
705 | This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple (but |
647 | use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set the callback and ensure C<end> |
706 | potentially none) subrequests: use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set |
648 | is called at least once, and then, for each subrequest you start, call |
707 | the callback and ensure C<end> is called at least once, and then, for each |
649 | C<begin> and for each subrequest you finish, call C<end>. |
708 | subrequest you start, call C<begin> and for each subrequest you finish, |
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709 | call C<end>. |
650 | |
710 | |
651 | =back |
711 | =back |
652 | |
712 | |
653 | =head3 METHODS FOR CONSUMERS |
713 | =head3 METHODS FOR CONSUMERS |
654 | |
714 | |
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670 | function will call C<croak>. |
730 | function will call C<croak>. |
671 | |
731 | |
672 | In list context, all parameters passed to C<send> will be returned, |
732 | In list context, all parameters passed to C<send> will be returned, |
673 | in scalar context only the first one will be returned. |
733 | in scalar context only the first one will be returned. |
674 | |
734 | |
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735 | Note that doing a blocking wait in a callback is not supported by any |
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736 | event loop, that is, recursive invocation of a blocking C<< ->recv |
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737 | >> is not allowed, and the C<recv> call will C<croak> if such a |
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738 | condition is detected. This condition can be slightly loosened by using |
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739 | L<Coro::AnyEvent>, which allows you to do a blocking C<< ->recv >> from |
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740 | any thread that doesn't run the event loop itself. |
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741 | |
675 | Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case |
742 | Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case |
676 | (programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are |
743 | (programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are |
677 | using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>, but let the |
744 | using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>. Instead, let the |
678 | caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling |
745 | caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling |
679 | condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting |
746 | condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting |
680 | callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block, |
747 | callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block, |
681 | while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires). |
748 | while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires). |
682 | |
749 | |
683 | Another reason I<never> to C<< ->recv >> in a module is that you cannot |
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684 | sensibly have two C<< ->recv >>'s in parallel, as that would require |
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685 | multiple interpreters or coroutines/threads, none of which C<AnyEvent> |
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686 | can supply. |
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687 | |
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688 | The L<Coro> module, however, I<can> and I<does> supply coroutines and, in |
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689 | fact, L<Coro::AnyEvent> replaces AnyEvent's condvars by coroutine-safe |
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690 | versions and also integrates coroutines into AnyEvent, making blocking |
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691 | C<< ->recv >> calls perfectly safe as long as they are done from another |
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692 | coroutine (one that doesn't run the event loop). |
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693 | |
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694 | You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and |
750 | You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and |
695 | only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later |
751 | only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later |
696 | time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking |
752 | time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking |
697 | waits otherwise. |
753 | waits otherwise. |
698 | |
754 | |
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711 | variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time |
767 | variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time |
712 | is guaranteed not to block. |
768 | is guaranteed not to block. |
713 | |
769 | |
714 | =back |
770 | =back |
715 | |
771 | |
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772 | =head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS |
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773 | |
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774 | The available backend classes are (every class has its own manpage): |
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775 | |
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776 | =over 4 |
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777 | |
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778 | =item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found. |
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779 | |
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780 | EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in |
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781 | use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will try Event, and, failing |
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782 | that, will fall back to its own pure-perl implementation, which is |
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783 | available everywhere as it comes with AnyEvent itself. |
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784 | |
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785 | AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice). |
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786 | AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches. |
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787 | AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable. |
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788 | |
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789 | =item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used. |
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790 | |
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791 | These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher |
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792 | is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using |
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793 | them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend |
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794 | when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to |
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795 | create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program. |
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796 | |
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797 | AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable. |
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798 | AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken. |
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799 | AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse. |
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800 | AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations. |
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801 | |
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802 | =item Backends with special needs. |
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803 | |
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804 | Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will |
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805 | otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program |
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806 | instantiates the application before any AnyEvent watchers are created, |
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807 | everything should just work. |
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808 | |
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809 | AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt. |
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810 | |
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811 | Support for IO::Async can only be partial, as it is too broken and |
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812 | architecturally limited to even support the AnyEvent API. It also |
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813 | is the only event loop that needs the loop to be set explicitly, so |
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814 | it can only be used by a main program knowing about AnyEvent. See |
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815 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::Async> for the gory details. |
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816 | |
|
|
817 | AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync based on IO::Async, cannot be autoprobed. |
|
|
818 | |
|
|
819 | =item Event loops that are indirectly supported via other backends. |
|
|
820 | |
|
|
821 | Some event loops can be supported via other modules: |
|
|
822 | |
|
|
823 | There is no direct support for WxWidgets (L<Wx>) or L<Prima>. |
|
|
824 | |
|
|
825 | B<WxWidgets> has no support for watching file handles. However, you can |
|
|
826 | use WxWidgets through the POE adaptor, as POE has a Wx backend that simply |
|
|
827 | polls 20 times per second, which was considered to be too horrible to even |
|
|
828 | consider for AnyEvent. |
|
|
829 | |
|
|
830 | B<Prima> is not supported as nobody seems to be using it, but it has a POE |
|
|
831 | backend, so it can be supported through POE. |
|
|
832 | |
|
|
833 | AnyEvent knows about both L<Prima> and L<Wx>, however, and will try to |
|
|
834 | load L<POE> when detecting them, in the hope that POE will pick them up, |
|
|
835 | in which case everything will be automatic. |
|
|
836 | |
|
|
837 | =back |
|
|
838 | |
716 | =head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS |
839 | =head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS |
717 | |
840 | |
|
|
841 | These are not normally required to use AnyEvent, but can be useful to |
|
|
842 | write AnyEvent extension modules. |
|
|
843 | |
718 | =over 4 |
844 | =over 4 |
719 | |
845 | |
720 | =item $AnyEvent::MODEL |
846 | =item $AnyEvent::MODEL |
721 | |
847 | |
722 | Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created. Then it |
848 | Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created, before the |
|
|
849 | backend has been autodetected. |
|
|
850 | |
723 | contains the event model that is being used, which is the name of the |
851 | Afterwards it contains the event model that is being used, which is the |
724 | Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one of the |
852 | name of the Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one |
725 | C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the case |
853 | of the C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the |
726 | AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode>). |
854 | case AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode> it |
727 | |
855 | will be C<urxvt::anyevent>). |
728 | The known classes so far are: |
|
|
729 | |
|
|
730 | AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (an interface to libev, best choice). |
|
|
731 | AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, second best choice. |
|
|
732 | AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable. |
|
|
733 | AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, third-best choice. |
|
|
734 | AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very bad choice. |
|
|
735 | AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt, cannot be autoprobed (see its docs). |
|
|
736 | AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse. |
|
|
737 | AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, not generic enough for full support. |
|
|
738 | |
|
|
739 | # warning, support for IO::Async is only partial, as it is too broken |
|
|
740 | # and limited toe ven support the AnyEvent API. See AnyEvent::Impl::Async. |
|
|
741 | AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync based on IO::Async, cannot be autoprobed (see its docs). |
|
|
742 | |
|
|
743 | There is no support for WxWidgets, as WxWidgets has no support for |
|
|
744 | watching file handles. However, you can use WxWidgets through the |
|
|
745 | POE Adaptor, as POE has a Wx backend that simply polls 20 times per |
|
|
746 | second, which was considered to be too horrible to even consider for |
|
|
747 | AnyEvent. Likewise, other POE backends can be used by AnyEvent by using |
|
|
748 | it's adaptor. |
|
|
749 | |
|
|
750 | AnyEvent knows about L<Prima> and L<Wx> and will try to use L<POE> when |
|
|
751 | autodetecting them. |
|
|
752 | |
856 | |
753 | =item AnyEvent::detect |
857 | =item AnyEvent::detect |
754 | |
858 | |
755 | Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model |
859 | Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model |
756 | if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would |
860 | if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would |
757 | have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at |
861 | have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at |
758 | runtime. |
862 | runtime, and not e.g. while initialising of your module. |
|
|
863 | |
|
|
864 | If you need to do some initialisation before AnyEvent watchers are |
|
|
865 | created, use C<post_detect>. |
759 | |
866 | |
760 | =item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK } |
867 | =item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK } |
761 | |
868 | |
762 | Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is |
869 | Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is |
763 | autodetected (or immediately if this has already happened). |
870 | autodetected (or immediately if this has already happened). |
|
|
871 | |
|
|
872 | The block will be executed I<after> the actual backend has been detected |
|
|
873 | (C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> is set), but I<before> any watchers have been |
|
|
874 | created, so it is possible to e.g. patch C<@AnyEvent::ISA> or do |
|
|
875 | other initialisations - see the sources of L<AnyEvent::Strict> or |
|
|
876 | L<AnyEvent::AIO> to see how this is used. |
|
|
877 | |
|
|
878 | The most common usage is to create some global watchers, without forcing |
|
|
879 | event module detection too early, for example, L<AnyEvent::AIO> creates |
|
|
880 | and installs the global L<IO::AIO> watcher in a C<post_detect> block to |
|
|
881 | avoid autodetecting the event module at load time. |
764 | |
882 | |
765 | If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object |
883 | If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object |
766 | that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed. See |
884 | that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed. See |
767 | L<Coro::BDB> for a case where this is useful. |
885 | L<Coro::BDB> for a case where this is useful. |
768 | |
886 | |
… | |
… | |
771 | If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it |
889 | If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it |
772 | before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after |
890 | before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after |
773 | the event loop has been chosen. |
891 | the event loop has been chosen. |
774 | |
892 | |
775 | You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though: |
893 | You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though: |
776 | if it contains a true value then the event loop has already been detected, |
894 | if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the |
777 | and the array will be ignored. |
895 | array will be ignored. |
778 | |
896 | |
779 | Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> instead. |
897 | Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> when your application allows |
|
|
898 | it,as it takes care of these details. |
|
|
899 | |
|
|
900 | This variable is mainly useful for modules that can do something useful |
|
|
901 | when AnyEvent is used and thus want to know when it is initialised, but do |
|
|
902 | not need to even load it by default. This array provides the means to hook |
|
|
903 | into AnyEvent passively, without loading it. |
780 | |
904 | |
781 | =back |
905 | =back |
782 | |
906 | |
783 | =head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE |
907 | =head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE |
784 | |
908 | |
… | |
… | |
839 | |
963 | |
840 | |
964 | |
841 | =head1 OTHER MODULES |
965 | =head1 OTHER MODULES |
842 | |
966 | |
843 | The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use |
967 | The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use |
844 | AnyEvent and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent modules |
968 | AnyEvent as a client and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent |
845 | in the same program. Some of the modules come with AnyEvent, some are |
969 | modules and other event loops in the same program. Some of the modules |
846 | available via CPAN. |
970 | come with AnyEvent, most are available via CPAN. |
847 | |
971 | |
848 | =over 4 |
972 | =over 4 |
849 | |
973 | |
850 | =item L<AnyEvent::Util> |
974 | =item L<AnyEvent::Util> |
851 | |
975 | |
… | |
… | |
860 | |
984 | |
861 | =item L<AnyEvent::Handle> |
985 | =item L<AnyEvent::Handle> |
862 | |
986 | |
863 | Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes, |
987 | Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes, |
864 | supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and |
988 | supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and |
865 | non-blocking SSL/TLS. |
989 | non-blocking SSL/TLS (via L<AnyEvent::TLS>. |
866 | |
990 | |
867 | =item L<AnyEvent::DNS> |
991 | =item L<AnyEvent::DNS> |
868 | |
992 | |
869 | Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities. |
993 | Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities. |
870 | |
994 | |
… | |
… | |
898 | |
1022 | |
899 | =item L<AnyEvent::GPSD> |
1023 | =item L<AnyEvent::GPSD> |
900 | |
1024 | |
901 | A non-blocking interface to gpsd, a daemon delivering GPS information. |
1025 | A non-blocking interface to gpsd, a daemon delivering GPS information. |
902 | |
1026 | |
|
|
1027 | =item L<AnyEvent::IRC> |
|
|
1028 | |
|
|
1029 | AnyEvent based IRC client module family (replacing the older Net::IRC3). |
|
|
1030 | |
|
|
1031 | =item L<AnyEvent::XMPP> |
|
|
1032 | |
|
|
1033 | AnyEvent based XMPP (Jabber protocol) module family (replacing the older |
|
|
1034 | Net::XMPP2>. |
|
|
1035 | |
903 | =item L<AnyEvent::IGS> |
1036 | =item L<AnyEvent::IGS> |
904 | |
1037 | |
905 | A non-blocking interface to the Internet Go Server protocol (used by |
1038 | A non-blocking interface to the Internet Go Server protocol (used by |
906 | L<App::IGS>). |
1039 | L<App::IGS>). |
907 | |
1040 | |
908 | =item L<AnyEvent::IRC> |
|
|
909 | |
|
|
910 | AnyEvent based IRC client module family (replacing the older Net::IRC3). |
|
|
911 | |
|
|
912 | =item L<Net::XMPP2> |
|
|
913 | |
|
|
914 | AnyEvent based XMPP (Jabber protocol) module family. |
|
|
915 | |
|
|
916 | =item L<Net::FCP> |
1041 | =item L<Net::FCP> |
917 | |
1042 | |
918 | AnyEvent-based implementation of the Freenet Client Protocol, birthplace |
1043 | AnyEvent-based implementation of the Freenet Client Protocol, birthplace |
919 | of AnyEvent. |
1044 | of AnyEvent. |
920 | |
1045 | |
… | |
… | |
924 | |
1049 | |
925 | =item L<Coro> |
1050 | =item L<Coro> |
926 | |
1051 | |
927 | Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>. |
1052 | Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>. |
928 | |
1053 | |
929 | =item L<IO::Lambda> |
|
|
930 | |
|
|
931 | The lambda approach to I/O - don't ask, look there. Can use AnyEvent. |
|
|
932 | |
|
|
933 | =back |
1054 | =back |
934 | |
1055 | |
935 | =cut |
1056 | =cut |
936 | |
1057 | |
937 | package AnyEvent; |
1058 | package AnyEvent; |
938 | |
1059 | |
|
|
1060 | # basically a tuned-down version of common::sense |
|
|
1061 | sub common_sense { |
939 | no warnings; |
1062 | # no warnings |
|
|
1063 | ${^WARNING_BITS} ^= ${^WARNING_BITS}; |
940 | use strict qw(vars subs); |
1064 | # use strict vars subs |
|
|
1065 | $^H |= 0x00000600; |
|
|
1066 | } |
941 | |
1067 | |
|
|
1068 | BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense } |
|
|
1069 | |
942 | use Carp; |
1070 | use Carp (); |
943 | |
1071 | |
944 | our $VERSION = 4.412; |
1072 | our $VERSION = 4.86; |
945 | our $MODEL; |
1073 | our $MODEL; |
946 | |
1074 | |
947 | our $AUTOLOAD; |
1075 | our $AUTOLOAD; |
948 | our @ISA; |
1076 | our @ISA; |
949 | |
1077 | |
950 | our @REGISTRY; |
1078 | our @REGISTRY; |
951 | |
1079 | |
952 | our $WIN32; |
1080 | our $WIN32; |
|
|
1081 | |
|
|
1082 | our $VERBOSE; |
953 | |
1083 | |
954 | BEGIN { |
1084 | BEGIN { |
955 | eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }"; |
1085 | eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }"; |
956 | eval "sub TAINT(){ " . (${^TAINT}*1) . " }"; |
1086 | eval "sub TAINT(){ " . (${^TAINT}*1) . " }"; |
957 | |
1087 | |
958 | delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV} |
1088 | delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV} |
959 | if ${^TAINT}; |
1089 | if ${^TAINT}; |
960 | } |
|
|
961 | |
1090 | |
962 | our $verbose = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1; |
1091 | $VERBOSE = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1; |
|
|
1092 | |
|
|
1093 | } |
|
|
1094 | |
|
|
1095 | our $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY = 10; |
963 | |
1096 | |
964 | our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4|ipv6) => (1|2), higher numbers are preferred |
1097 | our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4|ipv6) => (1|2), higher numbers are preferred |
965 | |
1098 | |
966 | { |
1099 | { |
967 | my $idx; |
1100 | my $idx; |
… | |
… | |
975 | [Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::], |
1108 | [Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::], |
976 | [AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::], |
1109 | [AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::], |
977 | # everything below here will not be autoprobed |
1110 | # everything below here will not be autoprobed |
978 | # as the pureperl backend should work everywhere |
1111 | # as the pureperl backend should work everywhere |
979 | # and is usually faster |
1112 | # and is usually faster |
980 | [Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles |
|
|
981 | [Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers |
1113 | [Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers |
982 | [Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy |
1114 | [Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy |
|
|
1115 | [Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles |
983 | [Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program |
1116 | [Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program |
984 | [POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza |
1117 | [POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza |
985 | [Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
1118 | [Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
986 | [Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
1119 | [Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
987 | # IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workaorunds for its |
1120 | # IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its |
988 | # byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others. |
1121 | # byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others. |
989 | # IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any |
1122 | # IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any |
990 | # obvious default class. |
1123 | # obvious default class. |
991 | # [IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program |
1124 | # [IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program |
992 | # [IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program |
1125 | # [IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program |
… | |
… | |
1018 | @post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect; |
1151 | @post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect; |
1019 | } |
1152 | } |
1020 | |
1153 | |
1021 | sub detect() { |
1154 | sub detect() { |
1022 | unless ($MODEL) { |
1155 | unless ($MODEL) { |
1023 | no strict 'refs'; |
|
|
1024 | local $SIG{__DIE__}; |
1156 | local $SIG{__DIE__}; |
1025 | |
1157 | |
1026 | if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) { |
1158 | if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) { |
1027 | my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1"; |
1159 | my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1"; |
1028 | if (eval "require $model") { |
1160 | if (eval "require $model") { |
1029 | $MODEL = $model; |
1161 | $MODEL = $model; |
1030 | warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL), using it.\n" if $verbose > 1; |
1162 | warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}), using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2; |
1031 | } else { |
1163 | } else { |
1032 | warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL):\n$@" if $verbose; |
1164 | warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}):\n$@" if $VERBOSE; |
1033 | } |
1165 | } |
1034 | } |
1166 | } |
1035 | |
1167 | |
1036 | # check for already loaded models |
1168 | # check for already loaded models |
1037 | unless ($MODEL) { |
1169 | unless ($MODEL) { |
1038 | for (@REGISTRY, @models) { |
1170 | for (@REGISTRY, @models) { |
1039 | my ($package, $model) = @$_; |
1171 | my ($package, $model) = @$_; |
1040 | if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) { |
1172 | if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) { |
1041 | if (eval "require $model") { |
1173 | if (eval "require $model") { |
1042 | $MODEL = $model; |
1174 | $MODEL = $model; |
1043 | warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $verbose > 1; |
1175 | warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2; |
1044 | last; |
1176 | last; |
1045 | } |
1177 | } |
1046 | } |
1178 | } |
1047 | } |
1179 | } |
1048 | |
1180 | |
… | |
… | |
1053 | my ($package, $model) = @$_; |
1185 | my ($package, $model) = @$_; |
1054 | if (eval "require $package" |
1186 | if (eval "require $package" |
1055 | and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0 |
1187 | and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0 |
1056 | and eval "require $model") { |
1188 | and eval "require $model") { |
1057 | $MODEL = $model; |
1189 | $MODEL = $model; |
1058 | warn "AnyEvent: autoprobed model '$model', using it.\n" if $verbose > 1; |
1190 | warn "AnyEvent: autoprobed model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2; |
1059 | last; |
1191 | last; |
1060 | } |
1192 | } |
1061 | } |
1193 | } |
1062 | |
1194 | |
1063 | $MODEL |
1195 | $MODEL |
… | |
… | |
1079 | |
1211 | |
1080 | sub AUTOLOAD { |
1212 | sub AUTOLOAD { |
1081 | (my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://; |
1213 | (my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://; |
1082 | |
1214 | |
1083 | $method{$func} |
1215 | $method{$func} |
1084 | or croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects"; |
1216 | or Carp::croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects"; |
1085 | |
1217 | |
1086 | detect unless $MODEL; |
1218 | detect unless $MODEL; |
1087 | |
1219 | |
1088 | my $class = shift; |
1220 | my $class = shift; |
1089 | $class->$func (@_); |
1221 | $class->$func (@_); |
… | |
… | |
1094 | # allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one). |
1226 | # allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one). |
1095 | sub _dupfh($$;$$) { |
1227 | sub _dupfh($$;$$) { |
1096 | my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_; |
1228 | my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_; |
1097 | |
1229 | |
1098 | # cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't |
1230 | # cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't |
1099 | my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<") |
1231 | my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<&") : ($w, ">&"); |
1100 | : $poll eq "w" ? ($w, ">") |
|
|
1101 | : Carp::croak "AnyEvent->io requires poll set to either 'r' or 'w'"; |
|
|
1102 | |
1232 | |
1103 | open my $fh2, "$mode&" . fileno $fh |
1233 | open my $fh2, $mode, $fh |
1104 | or die "cannot dup() filehandle: $!,"; |
1234 | or die "AnyEvent->io: cannot dup() filehandle in mode '$poll': $!,"; |
1105 | |
1235 | |
1106 | # we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases |
1236 | # we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases |
1107 | |
1237 | |
1108 | ($fh2, $rw) |
1238 | ($fh2, $rw) |
1109 | } |
1239 | } |
1110 | |
1240 | |
1111 | package AnyEvent::Base; |
1241 | package AnyEvent::Base; |
1112 | |
1242 | |
1113 | # default implementations for many methods |
1243 | # default implementations for many methods |
1114 | |
1244 | |
1115 | BEGIN { |
1245 | sub _time { |
|
|
1246 | # probe for availability of Time::HiRes |
1116 | if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") { |
1247 | if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") { |
|
|
1248 | warn "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8; |
1117 | *_time = \&Time::HiRes::time; |
1249 | *_time = \&Time::HiRes::time; |
1118 | # if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())... |
1250 | # if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())... |
1119 | } else { |
1251 | } else { |
|
|
1252 | warn "AnyEvent: using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!\n" if $VERBOSE; |
1120 | *_time = sub { time }; # epic fail |
1253 | *_time = sub { time }; # epic fail |
1121 | } |
1254 | } |
|
|
1255 | |
|
|
1256 | &_time |
1122 | } |
1257 | } |
1123 | |
1258 | |
1124 | sub time { _time } |
1259 | sub time { _time } |
1125 | sub now { _time } |
1260 | sub now { _time } |
1126 | sub now_update { } |
1261 | sub now_update { } |
… | |
… | |
1131 | bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar" |
1266 | bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar" |
1132 | } |
1267 | } |
1133 | |
1268 | |
1134 | # default implementation for ->signal |
1269 | # default implementation for ->signal |
1135 | |
1270 | |
|
|
1271 | our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT; |
1136 | our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO); |
1272 | our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO); |
|
|
1273 | our (%SIG_ASY, %SIG_ASY_W); |
|
|
1274 | our ($SIG_COUNT, $SIG_TW); |
1137 | |
1275 | |
1138 | sub _signal_exec { |
1276 | sub _signal_exec { |
|
|
1277 | $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT |
|
|
1278 | ? $SIGPIPE_R->drain |
1139 | sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 4; |
1279 | : sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 9; |
1140 | |
1280 | |
1141 | while (%SIG_EV) { |
1281 | while (%SIG_EV) { |
1142 | for (keys %SIG_EV) { |
1282 | for (keys %SIG_EV) { |
1143 | delete $SIG_EV{$_}; |
1283 | delete $SIG_EV{$_}; |
1144 | $_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} || {} }; |
1284 | $_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} || {} }; |
1145 | } |
1285 | } |
1146 | } |
1286 | } |
1147 | } |
1287 | } |
1148 | |
1288 | |
|
|
1289 | # install a dumym wakeupw atcher to reduce signal catching latency |
|
|
1290 | sub _sig_add() { |
|
|
1291 | unless ($SIG_COUNT++) { |
|
|
1292 | # try to align timer on a full-second boundary, if possible |
|
|
1293 | my $NOW = AnyEvent->now; |
|
|
1294 | |
|
|
1295 | $SIG_TW = AnyEvent->timer ( |
|
|
1296 | after => $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY - ($NOW - int $NOW), |
|
|
1297 | interval => $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY, |
|
|
1298 | cb => sub { }, # just for the PERL_ASYNC_CHECK |
|
|
1299 | ); |
|
|
1300 | } |
|
|
1301 | } |
|
|
1302 | |
|
|
1303 | sub _sig_del { |
|
|
1304 | undef $SIG_TW |
|
|
1305 | unless --$SIG_COUNT; |
|
|
1306 | } |
|
|
1307 | |
|
|
1308 | sub _signal { |
|
|
1309 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
|
|
1310 | |
|
|
1311 | my $signal = uc $arg{signal} |
|
|
1312 | or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing"; |
|
|
1313 | |
|
|
1314 | $SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
|
|
1315 | |
|
|
1316 | if ($HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT) { |
|
|
1317 | # async::interrupt |
|
|
1318 | |
|
|
1319 | $SIG_ASY{$signal} ||= do { |
|
|
1320 | my $asy = new Async::Interrupt |
|
|
1321 | cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} }, |
|
|
1322 | signal => $signal, |
|
|
1323 | pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos], |
|
|
1324 | ; |
|
|
1325 | $asy->pipe_autodrain (0); |
|
|
1326 | |
|
|
1327 | $asy |
|
|
1328 | }; |
|
|
1329 | |
|
|
1330 | } else { |
|
|
1331 | # pure perl |
|
|
1332 | |
|
|
1333 | $SIG{$signal} ||= sub { |
|
|
1334 | local $!; |
|
|
1335 | syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV; |
|
|
1336 | undef $SIG_EV{$signal}; |
|
|
1337 | }; |
|
|
1338 | |
|
|
1339 | # can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl, |
|
|
1340 | # so limit the signal latency. |
|
|
1341 | _sig_add; |
|
|
1342 | } |
|
|
1343 | |
|
|
1344 | bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal" |
|
|
1345 | } |
|
|
1346 | |
1149 | sub signal { |
1347 | sub signal { |
1150 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1348 | # probe for availability of Async::Interrupt |
|
|
1349 | if (!$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT} && eval "use Async::Interrupt 0.6 (); 1") { |
|
|
1350 | warn "AnyEvent: using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8; |
1151 | |
1351 | |
1152 | unless ($SIGPIPE_R) { |
1352 | $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT = 1; |
|
|
1353 | $SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe; |
|
|
1354 | $SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec); |
|
|
1355 | |
|
|
1356 | } else { |
|
|
1357 | warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8; |
|
|
1358 | |
1153 | require Fcntl; |
1359 | require Fcntl; |
1154 | |
1360 | |
1155 | if (AnyEvent::WIN32) { |
1361 | if (AnyEvent::WIN32) { |
1156 | require AnyEvent::Util; |
1362 | require AnyEvent::Util; |
1157 | |
1363 | |
… | |
… | |
1172 | or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n"; |
1378 | or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n"; |
1173 | |
1379 | |
1174 | $SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec); |
1380 | $SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec); |
1175 | } |
1381 | } |
1176 | |
1382 | |
1177 | my $signal = uc $arg{signal} |
1383 | *signal = \&_signal; |
1178 | or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing"; |
1384 | &signal |
1179 | |
|
|
1180 | $SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
|
|
1181 | $SIG{$signal} ||= sub { |
|
|
1182 | local $!; |
|
|
1183 | syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV; |
|
|
1184 | undef $SIG_EV{$signal}; |
|
|
1185 | }; |
|
|
1186 | |
|
|
1187 | bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal" |
|
|
1188 | } |
1385 | } |
1189 | |
1386 | |
1190 | sub AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY { |
1387 | sub AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY { |
1191 | my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
1388 | my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
1192 | |
1389 | |
|
|
1390 | _sig_del; |
|
|
1391 | |
1193 | delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb}; |
1392 | delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb}; |
1194 | |
1393 | |
|
|
1394 | $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT |
|
|
1395 | ? delete $SIG_ASY{$signal} |
1195 | # delete doesn't work with older perls - they then |
1396 | : # delete doesn't work with older perls - they then |
1196 | # print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit |
1397 | # print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit |
1197 | # instead of getting the default action. |
1398 | # instead of getting the default action. |
|
|
1399 | undef $SIG{$signal} |
1198 | undef $SIG{$signal} unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} }; |
1400 | unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} }; |
1199 | } |
1401 | } |
1200 | |
1402 | |
1201 | # default implementation for ->child |
1403 | # default implementation for ->child |
1202 | |
1404 | |
1203 | our %PID_CB; |
1405 | our %PID_CB; |
… | |
… | |
1205 | our $CHLD_DELAY_W; |
1407 | our $CHLD_DELAY_W; |
1206 | our $WNOHANG; |
1408 | our $WNOHANG; |
1207 | |
1409 | |
1208 | sub _sigchld { |
1410 | sub _sigchld { |
1209 | while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) { |
1411 | while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) { |
|
|
1412 | $_->($pid, $?) |
1210 | $_->($pid, $?) for (values %{ $PID_CB{$pid} || {} }), |
1413 | for values %{ $PID_CB{$pid} || {} }, |
1211 | (values %{ $PID_CB{0} || {} }); |
1414 | values %{ $PID_CB{0} || {} }; |
1212 | } |
1415 | } |
1213 | } |
1416 | } |
1214 | |
1417 | |
1215 | sub child { |
1418 | sub child { |
1216 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1419 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
… | |
… | |
1218 | defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0) |
1421 | defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0) |
1219 | or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing"; |
1422 | or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing"; |
1220 | |
1423 | |
1221 | $PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
1424 | $PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
1222 | |
1425 | |
|
|
1426 | # WNOHANG is almost cetrainly 1 everywhere |
|
|
1427 | $WNOHANG ||= $^O =~ /^(?:openbsd|netbsd|linux|freebsd|cygwin|MSWin32)$/ |
|
|
1428 | ? 1 |
1223 | $WNOHANG ||= eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } || 1; |
1429 | : eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } || 1; |
1224 | |
1430 | |
1225 | unless ($CHLD_W) { |
1431 | unless ($CHLD_W) { |
1226 | $CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld); |
1432 | $CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld); |
1227 | # child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round |
1433 | # child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round |
1228 | &_sigchld; |
1434 | &_sigchld; |
… | |
… | |
1280 | |
1486 | |
1281 | our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::; |
1487 | our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::; |
1282 | |
1488 | |
1283 | package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base; |
1489 | package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base; |
1284 | |
1490 | |
1285 | use overload |
1491 | #use overload |
1286 | '&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } }, |
1492 | # '&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } }, |
1287 | fallback => 1; |
1493 | # fallback => 1; |
|
|
1494 | |
|
|
1495 | # save 300+ kilobytes by dirtily hardcoding overloading |
|
|
1496 | ${"AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::OVERLOAD"}{dummy}++; # Register with magic by touching. |
|
|
1497 | *{'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::()'} = sub { }; # "Make it findable via fetchmethod." |
|
|
1498 | *{'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::(&{}'} = sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } }; # &{} |
|
|
1499 | ${'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::()'} = 1; # fallback |
|
|
1500 | |
|
|
1501 | our $WAITING; |
1288 | |
1502 | |
1289 | sub _send { |
1503 | sub _send { |
1290 | # nop |
1504 | # nop |
1291 | } |
1505 | } |
1292 | |
1506 | |
… | |
… | |
1305 | sub ready { |
1519 | sub ready { |
1306 | $_[0]{_ae_sent} |
1520 | $_[0]{_ae_sent} |
1307 | } |
1521 | } |
1308 | |
1522 | |
1309 | sub _wait { |
1523 | sub _wait { |
|
|
1524 | $WAITING |
|
|
1525 | and !$_[0]{_ae_sent} |
|
|
1526 | and Carp::croak "AnyEvent::CondVar: recursive blocking wait detected"; |
|
|
1527 | |
|
|
1528 | local $WAITING = 1; |
1310 | AnyEvent->one_event while !$_[0]{_ae_sent}; |
1529 | AnyEvent->one_event while !$_[0]{_ae_sent}; |
1311 | } |
1530 | } |
1312 | |
1531 | |
1313 | sub recv { |
1532 | sub recv { |
1314 | $_[0]->_wait; |
1533 | $_[0]->_wait; |
… | |
… | |
1376 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>. |
1595 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>. |
1377 | |
1596 | |
1378 | When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event |
1597 | When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event |
1379 | model it chooses. |
1598 | model it chooses. |
1380 | |
1599 | |
|
|
1600 | When set to C<8> or higher, then AnyEvent will report extra information on |
|
|
1601 | which optional modules it loads and how it implements certain features. |
|
|
1602 | |
1381 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT> |
1603 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT> |
1382 | |
1604 | |
1383 | AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough |
1605 | AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough |
1384 | argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value |
1606 | argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value |
1385 | will cause AnyEvent to load C<AnyEvent::Strict> and then to thoroughly |
1607 | will cause AnyEvent to load C<AnyEvent::Strict> and then to thoroughly |
1386 | check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems, |
1608 | check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems, |
1387 | it will croak. |
1609 | it will croak. |
1388 | |
1610 | |
1389 | In other words, enables "strict" mode. |
1611 | In other words, enables "strict" mode. |
1390 | |
1612 | |
1391 | Unlike C<use strict>, it is definitely recommended to keep it off in |
1613 | Unlike C<use strict> (or it's modern cousin, C<< use L<common::sense> |
1392 | production. Keeping C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while |
1614 | >>, it is definitely recommended to keep it off in production. Keeping |
1393 | developing programs can be very useful, however. |
1615 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while developing programs |
|
|
1616 | can be very useful, however. |
1394 | |
1617 | |
1395 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL> |
1618 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL> |
1396 | |
1619 | |
1397 | This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before |
1620 | This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before |
1398 | auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting |
1621 | auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting |
… | |
… | |
1441 | |
1664 | |
1442 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS> |
1665 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS> |
1443 | |
1666 | |
1444 | The maximum number of child processes that C<AnyEvent::Util::fork_call> |
1667 | The maximum number of child processes that C<AnyEvent::Util::fork_call> |
1445 | will create in parallel. |
1668 | will create in parallel. |
|
|
1669 | |
|
|
1670 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_OUTSTANDING_DNS> |
|
|
1671 | |
|
|
1672 | The default value for the C<max_outstanding> parameter for the default DNS |
|
|
1673 | resolver - this is the maximum number of parallel DNS requests that are |
|
|
1674 | sent to the DNS server. |
|
|
1675 | |
|
|
1676 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_RESOLV_CONF> |
|
|
1677 | |
|
|
1678 | The file to use instead of F</etc/resolv.conf> (or OS-specific |
|
|
1679 | configuration) in the default resolver. When set to the empty string, no |
|
|
1680 | default config will be used. |
|
|
1681 | |
|
|
1682 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_FILE>, C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_PATH>. |
|
|
1683 | |
|
|
1684 | When neither C<ca_file> nor C<ca_path> was specified during |
|
|
1685 | L<AnyEvent::TLS> context creation, and either of these environment |
|
|
1686 | variables exist, they will be used to specify CA certificate locations |
|
|
1687 | instead of a system-dependent default. |
|
|
1688 | |
|
|
1689 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_GUARD> and C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT> |
|
|
1690 | |
|
|
1691 | When these are set to C<1>, then the respective modules are not |
|
|
1692 | loaded. Mostly good for testing AnyEvent itself. |
1446 | |
1693 | |
1447 | =back |
1694 | =back |
1448 | |
1695 | |
1449 | =head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE |
1696 | =head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE |
1450 | |
1697 | |
… | |
… | |
1989 | |
2236 | |
1990 | A handler for C<SIGCHLD> is installed by AnyEvent's child watcher |
2237 | A handler for C<SIGCHLD> is installed by AnyEvent's child watcher |
1991 | emulation for event loops that do not support them natively. Also, some |
2238 | emulation for event loops that do not support them natively. Also, some |
1992 | event loops install a similar handler. |
2239 | event loops install a similar handler. |
1993 | |
2240 | |
1994 | If, when AnyEvent is loaded, SIGCHLD is set to IGNORE, then AnyEvent will |
2241 | Additionally, when AnyEvent is loaded and SIGCHLD is set to IGNORE, then |
1995 | reset it to default, to avoid losing child exit statuses. |
2242 | AnyEvent will reset it to default, to avoid losing child exit statuses. |
1996 | |
2243 | |
1997 | =item SIGPIPE |
2244 | =item SIGPIPE |
1998 | |
2245 | |
1999 | A no-op handler is installed for C<SIGPIPE> when C<$SIG{PIPE}> is C<undef> |
2246 | A no-op handler is installed for C<SIGPIPE> when C<$SIG{PIPE}> is C<undef> |
2000 | when AnyEvent gets loaded. |
2247 | when AnyEvent gets loaded. |
… | |
… | |
2018 | if $SIG{CHLD} eq 'IGNORE'; |
2265 | if $SIG{CHLD} eq 'IGNORE'; |
2019 | |
2266 | |
2020 | $SIG{PIPE} = sub { } |
2267 | $SIG{PIPE} = sub { } |
2021 | unless defined $SIG{PIPE}; |
2268 | unless defined $SIG{PIPE}; |
2022 | |
2269 | |
|
|
2270 | =head1 RECOMMENDED/OPTIONAL MODULES |
|
|
2271 | |
|
|
2272 | One of AnyEvent's main goals is to be 100% Pure-Perl(tm): only perl (and |
|
|
2273 | it's built-in modules) are required to use it. |
|
|
2274 | |
|
|
2275 | That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional |
|
|
2276 | modules if they are installed. |
|
|
2277 | |
|
|
2278 | This section epxlains which additional modules will be used, and how they |
|
|
2279 | affect AnyEvent's operetion. |
|
|
2280 | |
|
|
2281 | =over 4 |
|
|
2282 | |
|
|
2283 | =item L<Async::Interrupt> |
|
|
2284 | |
|
|
2285 | This slightly arcane module is used to implement fast signal handling: To |
|
|
2286 | my knowledge, there is no way to do completely race-free and quick |
|
|
2287 | signal handling in pure perl. To ensure that signals still get |
|
|
2288 | delivered, AnyEvent will start an interval timer to wake up perl (and |
|
|
2289 | catch the signals) with some delay (default is 10 seconds, look for |
|
|
2290 | C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>). |
|
|
2291 | |
|
|
2292 | If this module is available, then it will be used to implement signal |
|
|
2293 | catching, which means that signals will not be delayed, and the event loop |
|
|
2294 | will not be interrupted regularly, which is more efficient (And good for |
|
|
2295 | battery life on laptops). |
|
|
2296 | |
|
|
2297 | This affects not just the pure-perl event loop, but also other event loops |
|
|
2298 | that have no signal handling on their own (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt). |
|
|
2299 | |
|
|
2300 | Some event loops (POE, Event, Event::Lib) offer signal watchers natively, |
|
|
2301 | and either employ their own workarounds (POE) or use AnyEvent's workaround |
|
|
2302 | (using C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>). Installing L<Async::Interrupt> |
|
|
2303 | does nothing for those backends. |
|
|
2304 | |
|
|
2305 | =item L<EV> |
|
|
2306 | |
|
|
2307 | This module isn't really "optional", as it is simply one of the backend |
|
|
2308 | event loops that AnyEvent can use. However, it is simply the best event |
|
|
2309 | loop available in terms of features, speed and stability: It supports |
|
|
2310 | the AnyEvent API optimally, implements all the watcher types in XS, does |
|
|
2311 | automatic timer adjustments even when no monotonic clock is available, |
|
|
2312 | can take avdantage of advanced kernel interfaces such as C<epoll> and |
|
|
2313 | C<kqueue>, and is the fastest backend I<by far>. You can even embed |
|
|
2314 | L<Glib>/L<Gtk2> in it (or vice versa, see L<EV::Glib> and L<Glib::EV>). |
|
|
2315 | |
|
|
2316 | =item L<Guard> |
|
|
2317 | |
|
|
2318 | The guard module, when used, will be used to implement |
|
|
2319 | C<AnyEvent::Util::guard>. This speeds up guards considerably (and uses a |
|
|
2320 | lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is |
|
|
2321 | purely used for performance. |
|
|
2322 | |
|
|
2323 | =item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS> |
|
|
2324 | |
|
|
2325 | This module is required when you want to read or write JSON data via |
|
|
2326 | L<AnyEvent::Handle>. It is also written in pure-perl, but can take |
|
|
2327 | advantage of the ultra-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed. |
|
|
2328 | |
|
|
2329 | In fact, L<AnyEvent::Handle> will use L<JSON::XS> by default if it is |
|
|
2330 | installed. |
|
|
2331 | |
|
|
2332 | =item L<Net::SSLeay> |
|
|
2333 | |
|
|
2334 | Implementing TLS/SSL in Perl is certainly interesting, but not very |
|
|
2335 | worthwhile: If this module is installed, then L<AnyEvent::Handle> (with |
|
|
2336 | the help of L<AnyEvent::TLS>), gains the ability to do TLS/SSL. |
|
|
2337 | |
|
|
2338 | =item L<Time::HiRes> |
|
|
2339 | |
|
|
2340 | This module is part of perl since release 5.008. It will be used when the |
|
|
2341 | chosen event library does not come with a timing source on it's own. The |
|
|
2342 | pure-perl event loop (L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) will additionally use it to |
|
|
2343 | try to use a monotonic clock for timing stability. |
|
|
2344 | |
|
|
2345 | =back |
|
|
2346 | |
|
|
2347 | |
2023 | =head1 FORK |
2348 | =head1 FORK |
2024 | |
2349 | |
2025 | Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are |
2350 | Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are |
2026 | because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll> |
2351 | because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll> |
2027 | calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware. |
2352 | calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware. |
2028 | |
2353 | |
2029 | If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first |
2354 | If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first |
2030 | watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child. |
2355 | watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child OR you must do |
|
|
2356 | something completely out of the scope of AnyEvent. |
2031 | |
2357 | |
2032 | |
2358 | |
2033 | =head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS |
2359 | =head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS |
2034 | |
2360 | |
2035 | AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via |
2361 | AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via |
… | |
… | |
2073 | L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>. |
2399 | L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>. |
2074 | |
2400 | |
2075 | Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>, |
2401 | Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>, |
2076 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>, |
2402 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>, |
2077 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>, |
2403 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>, |
2078 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>. |
2404 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>. |
2079 | |
2405 | |
2080 | Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and |
2406 | Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and |
2081 | servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>. |
2407 | servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>. |
2082 | |
2408 | |
2083 | Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>. |
2409 | Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>. |
2084 | |
2410 | |
2085 | Coroutine support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>, L<Coro::Event>, |
2411 | Coroutine support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>, |
|
|
2412 | L<Coro::Event>, |
2086 | |
2413 | |
2087 | Nontrivial usage examples: L<Net::FCP>, L<Net::XMPP2>, L<AnyEvent::DNS>. |
2414 | Nontrivial usage examples: L<AnyEvent::GPSD>, L<AnyEvent::XMPP>, |
|
|
2415 | L<AnyEvent::HTTP>. |
2088 | |
2416 | |
2089 | |
2417 | |
2090 | =head1 AUTHOR |
2418 | =head1 AUTHOR |
2091 | |
2419 | |
2092 | Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
2420 | Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |