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Revision 1.251 by root, Mon Jul 20 22:39:57 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.324 by root, Thu May 20 23:55:51 2010 UTC

1	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
2		2
3	AnyEvent - events independent of event loop implementation	3	AnyEvent - the DBI of event loop programming
4		4
5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt and POE are various supported	5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Irssi, rxvt-unicode, IO::Async, Qt
6	event loops.	6	and POE are various supported event loops/environments.
7		7
8	=head1 SYNOPSIS	8	=head1 SYNOPSIS
9		9
10	use AnyEvent;	10	use AnyEvent;
11		11
		12	# if you prefer function calls, look at the AE manpage for
		13	# an alternative API.
		14
12	# file descriptor readable	15	# file handle or descriptor readable
13	my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r", cb => sub { ... });	16	my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r", cb => sub { ... });
14		17
15	# one-shot or repeating timers	18	# one-shot or repeating timers
16	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { ... });	19	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { ... });
17	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, interval => $seconds, cb => ...	20	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, interval => $seconds, cb => ...
…		…
47		50
48	There is a mailinglist for discussing all things AnyEvent, and an IRC	51	There is a mailinglist for discussing all things AnyEvent, and an IRC
49	channel, too.	52	channel, too.
50		53
51	See the AnyEvent project page at the B<Schmorpforge Ta-Sa Software	54	See the AnyEvent project page at the B<Schmorpforge Ta-Sa Software
52	Respository>, at L<http://anyevent.schmorp.de>, for more info.	55	Repository>, at L<http://anyevent.schmorp.de>, for more info.
53		56
54	=head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT)	57	=head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT)
55		58
56	Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen	59	Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen
57	nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent?	60	nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent?
…		…
181	my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are	184	my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are
182	declared.	185	declared.
183		186
184	=head2 I/O WATCHERS	187	=head2 I/O WATCHERS
185		188
		189	$w = AnyEvent->io (
		190	fh => <filehandle_or_fileno>,
		191	poll => <"r" or "w">,
		192	cb => <callback>,
		193	);
		194
186	You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method	195	You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method
187	with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:	196	with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:
188		197
189	C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch	198	C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch
190	for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file	199	for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file
…		…
219	undef $w;	228	undef $w;
220	});	229	});
221		230
222	=head2 TIME WATCHERS	231	=head2 TIME WATCHERS
223		232
		233	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => <seconds>, cb => <callback>);
		234
		235	$w = AnyEvent->timer (
		236	after => <fractional_seconds>,
		237	interval => <fractional_seconds>,
		238	cb => <callback>,
		239	);
		240
224	You can create a time watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->timer >>	241	You can create a time watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->timer >>
225	method with the following mandatory arguments:	242	method with the following mandatory arguments:
226		243
227	C<after> specifies after how many seconds (fractional values are	244	C<after> specifies after how many seconds (fractional values are
228	supported) the callback should be invoked. C<cb> is the callback to invoke	245	supported) the callback should be invoked. C<cb> is the callback to invoke
…		…
349	might affect timers and time-outs.	366	might affect timers and time-outs.
350		367
351	When this is the case, you can call this method, which will update the	368	When this is the case, you can call this method, which will update the
352	event loop's idea of "current time".	369	event loop's idea of "current time".
353		370
		371	A typical example would be a script in a web server (e.g. C<mod_perl>) -
		372	when mod_perl executes the script, then the event loop will have the wrong
		373	idea about the "current time" (being potentially far in the past, when the
		374	script ran the last time). In that case you should arrange a call to C<<
		375	AnyEvent->now_update >> each time the web server process wakes up again
		376	(e.g. at the start of your script, or in a handler).
		377
354	Note that updating the time I<might> cause some events to be handled.	378	Note that updating the time I<might> cause some events to be handled.
355		379
356	=back	380	=back
357		381
358	=head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS	382	=head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS
		383
		384	$w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => <uppercase_signal_name>, cb => <callback>);
359		385
360	You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal	386	You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal
361	I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl	387	I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl
362	callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs.	388	callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs.
363		389
…		…
380		406
381	Example: exit on SIGINT	407	Example: exit on SIGINT
382		408
383	my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 });	409	my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 });
384		410
		411	=head3 Restart Behaviour
		412
		413	While restart behaviour is up to the event loop implementation, most will
		414	not restart syscalls (that includes L<Async::Interrupt> and AnyEvent's
		415	pure perl implementation).
		416
		417	=head3 Safe/Unsafe Signals
		418
		419	Perl signals can be either "safe" (synchronous to opcode handling) or
		420	"unsafe" (asynchronous) - the former might get delayed indefinitely, the
		421	latter might corrupt your memory.
		422
		423	AnyEvent signal handlers are, in addition, synchronous to the event loop,
		424	i.e. they will not interrupt your running perl program but will only be
		425	called as part of the normal event handling (just like timer, I/O etc.
		426	callbacks, too).
		427
385	=head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds	428	=head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds
386		429
387	Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support attaching	430	Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support attaching
388	callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot do	431	callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot
389	race-free signal handling in perl. AnyEvent will try to do it's best, but	432	do race-free signal handling in perl, requiring C libraries for
		433	this. AnyEvent will try to do it's best, which means in some cases,
390	in some cases, signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might	434	signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might be delayed is
391	be delayed is specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10	435	specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10 seconds). This
392	seconds). This variable can be changed only before the first signal	436	variable can be changed only before the first signal watcher is created,
393	watcher is created, and should be left alone otherwise. Higher values	437	and should be left alone otherwise. This variable determines how often
		438	AnyEvent polls for signals (in case a wake-up was missed). Higher values
394	will cause fewer spurious wake-ups, which is better for power and CPU	439	will cause fewer spurious wake-ups, which is better for power and CPU
		440	saving.
		441
395	saving. All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional	442	All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional
396	L<Async::Interrupt> module. This will not work with inherently broken	443	L<Async::Interrupt> module, which works with most event loops. It will not
397	event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib> (and not with L<POE>	444	work with inherently broken event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib>
398	currently, as POE does it's own workaround with one-second latency). With	445	(and not with L<POE> currently, as POE does it's own workaround with
399	those, you just have to suffer the delays.	446	one-second latency). For those, you just have to suffer the delays.
400		447
401	=head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS	448	=head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS
402		449
		450	$w = AnyEvent->child (pid => <process id>, cb => <callback>);
		451
403	You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status.	452	You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status.
404		453
405	The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (if set to C<0>, it	454	The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (one some backends,
406	watches for any child process exit). The watcher will triggered only when	455	using C<0> watches for any child process exit, on others this will
407	the child process has finished and an exit status is available, not on	456	croak). The watcher will be triggered only when the child process has
408	any trace events (stopped/continued).	457	finished and an exit status is available, not on any trace events
		458	(stopped/continued).
409		459
410	The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by	460	The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by
411	waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher	461	waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher
412	callback arguments.	462	callback arguments.
413		463
…		…
454	# do something else, then wait for process exit	504	# do something else, then wait for process exit
455	$done->recv;	505	$done->recv;
456		506
457	=head2 IDLE WATCHERS	507	=head2 IDLE WATCHERS
458		508
459	Sometimes there is a need to do something, but it is not so important	509	$w = AnyEvent->idle (cb => <callback>);
460	to do it instantly, but only when there is nothing better to do. This
461	"nothing better to do" is usually defined to be "no other events need
462	attention by the event loop".
463		510
464	Idle watchers ideally get invoked when the event loop has nothing	511	Repeatedly invoke the callback after the process becomes idle, until
465	better to do, just before it would block the process to wait for new	512	either the watcher is destroyed or new events have been detected.
466	events. Instead of blocking, the idle watcher is invoked.
467		513
468	Most event loops unfortunately do not really support idle watchers (only	514	Idle watchers are useful when there is a need to do something, but it
		515	is not so important (or wise) to do it instantly. The callback will be
		516	invoked only when there is "nothing better to do", which is usually
		517	defined as "all outstanding events have been handled and no new events
		518	have been detected". That means that idle watchers ideally get invoked
		519	when the event loop has just polled for new events but none have been
		520	detected. Instead of blocking to wait for more events, the idle watchers
		521	will be invoked.
		522
		523	Unfortunately, most event loops do not really support idle watchers (only
469	EV, Event and Glib do it in a usable fashion) - for the rest, AnyEvent	524	EV, Event and Glib do it in a usable fashion) - for the rest, AnyEvent
470	will simply call the callback "from time to time".	525	will simply call the callback "from time to time".
471		526
472	Example: read lines from STDIN, but only process them when the	527	Example: read lines from STDIN, but only process them when the
473	program is otherwise idle:	528	program is otherwise idle:
…		…
489	});	544	});
490	});	545	});
491		546
492	=head2 CONDITION VARIABLES	547	=head2 CONDITION VARIABLES
493		548
		549	$cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
		550
		551	$cv->send (<list>);
		552	my @res = $cv->recv;
		553
494	If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them	554	If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them
495	require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that	555	require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that
496	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.	556	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.
497		557
498	AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event	558	AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event
…		…
549	eventually calls C<< -> send >>, and the "consumer side", which waits	609	eventually calls C<< -> send >>, and the "consumer side", which waits
550	for the send to occur.	610	for the send to occur.
551		611
552	Example: wait for a timer.	612	Example: wait for a timer.
553		613
554	# wait till the result is ready	614	# condition: "wait till the timer is fired"
555	my $result_ready = AnyEvent->condvar;	615	my $timer_fired = AnyEvent->condvar;
556		616
557	# do something such as adding a timer	617	# create the timer - we could wait for, say
558	# or socket watcher the calls $result_ready->send	618	# a handle becomign ready, or even an
559	# when the "result" is ready.	619	# AnyEvent::HTTP request to finish, but
560	# in this case, we simply use a timer:	620	# in this case, we simply use a timer:
561	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (	621	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (
562	after => 1,	622	after => 1,
563	cb => sub { $result_ready->send },	623	cb => sub { $timer_fired->send },
564	);	624	);
565		625
566	# this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback	626	# this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback
567	# calls -<send	627	# calls ->send
568	$result_ready->recv;	628	$timer_fired->recv;
569		629
570	Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition	630	Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition
571	variables are also callable directly.	631	variables are also callable directly.
572		632
573	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;	633	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;
…		…
636	one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want	696	one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want
637	to use a condition variable for the whole process.	697	to use a condition variable for the whole process.
638		698
639	Every call to C<< ->begin >> will increment a counter, and every call to	699	Every call to C<< ->begin >> will increment a counter, and every call to
640	C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end	700	C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end
641	>>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback	701	>>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed, passing the
642	is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no	702	condvar as first argument. That callback is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send
643	callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments.	703	>>, but that is not required. If no group callback was set, C<send> will
		704	be called without any arguments.
644		705
645	You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call	706	You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call
646	sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND	707	sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND
647	condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends).	708	condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends).
648		709
…		…
675	begung can potentially be zero:	736	begung can potentially be zero:
676		737
677	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	738	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
678		739
679	my %result;	740	my %result;
680	$cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) });	741	$cv->begin (sub { shift->send (\%result) });
681		742
682	for my $host (@list_of_hosts) {	743	for my $host (@list_of_hosts) {
683	$cv->begin;	744	$cv->begin;
684	ping_host_then_call_callback $host, sub {	745	ping_host_then_call_callback $host, sub {
685	$result{$host} = ...;	746	$result{$host} = ...;
…		…
760	=item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv))	821	=item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv))
761		822
762	This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally	823	This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally
763	replaces it before doing so.	824	replaces it before doing so.
764		825
765	The callback will be called when the condition becomes "true", i.e. when	826	The callback will be called when the condition becomes (or already was)
766	C<send> or C<croak> are called, with the only argument being the condition	827	"true", i.e. when C<send> or C<croak> are called (or were called), with
767	variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time	828	the only argument being the condition variable itself. Calling C<recv>
768	is guaranteed not to block.	829	inside the callback or at any later time is guaranteed not to block.
769		830
770	=back	831	=back
771		832
772	=head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS	833	=head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS
773		834
…		…
776	=over 4	837	=over 4
777		838
778	=item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found.	839	=item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found.
779		840
780	EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in	841	EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in
781	use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will try Event, and, failing	842	use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will fall back to its own
782	that, will fall back to its own pure-perl implementation, which is	843	pure-perl implementation, which is available everywhere as it comes with
783	available everywhere as it comes with AnyEvent itself.	844	AnyEvent itself.
784		845
785	AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice).	846	AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice).
786	AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches.
787	AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable.	847	AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable.
788		848
789	=item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used.	849	=item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used.
790		850
791	These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher	851	These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher
792	is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using	852	is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using
793	them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend	853	them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend
794	when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to	854	when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to
795	create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program.	855	create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program.
796		856
		857	AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches.
797	AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable.	858	AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable.
798	AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken.	859	AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken.
799	AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.	860	AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.
800	AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations.	861	AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations.
		862	AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi used when running within irssi.
801		863
802	=item Backends with special needs.	864	=item Backends with special needs.
803		865
804	Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will	866	Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will
805	otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program	867	otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program
…		…
879	event module detection too early, for example, L<AnyEvent::AIO> creates	941	event module detection too early, for example, L<AnyEvent::AIO> creates
880	and installs the global L<IO::AIO> watcher in a C<post_detect> block to	942	and installs the global L<IO::AIO> watcher in a C<post_detect> block to
881	avoid autodetecting the event module at load time.	943	avoid autodetecting the event module at load time.
882		944
883	If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object	945	If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object
884	that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed. See	946	that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed (or
		947	C<undef> when the hook was immediately executed). See L<AnyEvent::AIO> for
885	L<Coro::BDB> for a case where this is useful.	948	a case where this is useful.
		949
		950	Example: Create a watcher for the IO::AIO module and store it in
		951	C<$WATCHER>. Only do so after the event loop is initialised, though.
		952
		953	our WATCHER;
		954
		955	my $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect {
		956	$WATCHER = AnyEvent->io (fh => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, poll => 'r', cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		957	};
		958
		959	# the ||= is important in case post_detect immediately runs the block,
		960	# as to not clobber the newly-created watcher. assigning both watcher and
		961	# post_detect guard to the same variable has the advantage of users being
		962	# able to just C<undef $WATCHER> if the watcher causes them grief.
		963
		964	$WATCHER ||= $guard;
886		965
887	=item @AnyEvent::post_detect	966	=item @AnyEvent::post_detect
888		967
889	If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it	968	If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it
890	before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after	969	before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after
…		…
893	You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though:	972	You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though:
894	if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the	973	if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the
895	array will be ignored.	974	array will be ignored.
896		975
897	Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> when your application allows	976	Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> when your application allows
898	it,as it takes care of these details.	977	it, as it takes care of these details.
899		978
900	This variable is mainly useful for modules that can do something useful	979	This variable is mainly useful for modules that can do something useful
901	when AnyEvent is used and thus want to know when it is initialised, but do	980	when AnyEvent is used and thus want to know when it is initialised, but do
902	not need to even load it by default. This array provides the means to hook	981	not need to even load it by default. This array provides the means to hook
903	into AnyEvent passively, without loading it.	982	into AnyEvent passively, without loading it.
		983
		984	Example: To load Coro::AnyEvent whenever Coro and AnyEvent are used
		985	together, you could put this into Coro (this is the actual code used by
		986	Coro to accomplish this):
		987
		988	if (defined $AnyEvent::MODEL) {
		989	# AnyEvent already initialised, so load Coro::AnyEvent
		990	require Coro::AnyEvent;
		991	} else {
		992	# AnyEvent not yet initialised, so make sure to load Coro::AnyEvent
		993	# as soon as it is
		994	push @AnyEvent::post_detect, sub { require Coro::AnyEvent };
		995	}
904		996
905	=back	997	=back
906		998
907	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE	999	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE
908		1000
…		…
965	=head1 OTHER MODULES	1057	=head1 OTHER MODULES
966		1058
967	The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use	1059	The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use
968	AnyEvent as a client and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent	1060	AnyEvent as a client and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent
969	modules and other event loops in the same program. Some of the modules	1061	modules and other event loops in the same program. Some of the modules
970	come with AnyEvent, most are available via CPAN.	1062	come with AnyEvent, the others are available via CPAN.
971		1063
972	=over 4	1064	=over 4
973		1065
974	=item L<AnyEvent::Util>	1066	=item L<AnyEvent::Util>
975		1067
…		…
990		1082
991	=item L<AnyEvent::DNS>	1083	=item L<AnyEvent::DNS>
992		1084
993	Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities.	1085	Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities.
994		1086
		1087	=item L<AnyEvent::HTTP>, L<AnyEvent::IRC>, L<AnyEvent::XMPP>, L<AnyEvent::GPSD>, L<AnyEvent::IGS>, L<AnyEvent::FCP>
		1088
		1089	Implement event-based interfaces to the protocols of the same name (for
		1090	the curious, IGS is the International Go Server and FCP is the Freenet
		1091	Client Protocol).
		1092
		1093	=item L<AnyEvent::Handle::UDP>
		1094
		1095	Here be danger!
		1096
		1097	As Pauli would put it, "Not only is it not right, it's not even wrong!" -
		1098	there are so many things wrong with AnyEvent::Handle::UDP, most notably
		1099	it's use of a stream-based API with a protocol that isn't streamable, that
		1100	the only way to improve it is to delete it.
		1101
		1102	It features data corruption (but typically only under load) and general
		1103	confusion. On top, the author is not only clueless about UDP but also
		1104	fact-resistant - some gems of his understanding: "connect doesn't work
		1105	with UDP", "UDP packets are not IP packets", "UDP only has datagrams, not
		1106	packets", "I don't need to implement proper error checking as UDP doesn't
		1107	support error checking" and so on - he doesn't even understand what's
		1108	wrong with his module when it is explained to him.
		1109
995	=item L<AnyEvent::HTTP>	1110	=item L<AnyEvent::DBI>
996		1111
997	A simple-to-use HTTP library that is capable of making a lot of concurrent	1112	Executes L<DBI> requests asynchronously in a proxy process for you,
998	HTTP requests.	1113	notifying you in an event-bnased way when the operation is finished.
		1114
		1115	=item L<AnyEvent::AIO>
		1116
		1117	Truly asynchronous (as opposed to non-blocking) I/O, should be in the
		1118	toolbox of every event programmer. AnyEvent::AIO transparently fuses
		1119	L<IO::AIO> and AnyEvent together, giving AnyEvent access to event-based
		1120	file I/O, and much more.
999		1121
1000	=item L<AnyEvent::HTTPD>	1122	=item L<AnyEvent::HTTPD>
1001		1123
1002	Provides a simple web application server framework.	1124	A simple embedded webserver.
1003		1125
1004	=item L<AnyEvent::FastPing>	1126	=item L<AnyEvent::FastPing>
1005		1127
1006	The fastest ping in the west.	1128	The fastest ping in the west.
1007
1008	=item L<AnyEvent::DBI>
1009
1010	Executes L<DBI> requests asynchronously in a proxy process.
1011
1012	=item L<AnyEvent::AIO>
1013
1014	Truly asynchronous I/O, should be in the toolbox of every event
1015	programmer. AnyEvent::AIO transparently fuses L<IO::AIO> and AnyEvent
1016	together.
1017
1018	=item L<AnyEvent::BDB>
1019
1020	Truly asynchronous Berkeley DB access. AnyEvent::BDB transparently fuses
1021	L<BDB> and AnyEvent together.
1022
1023	=item L<AnyEvent::GPSD>
1024
1025	A non-blocking interface to gpsd, a daemon delivering GPS information.
1026
1027	=item L<AnyEvent::IRC>
1028
1029	AnyEvent based IRC client module family (replacing the older Net::IRC3).
1030
1031	=item L<AnyEvent::XMPP>
1032
1033	AnyEvent based XMPP (Jabber protocol) module family (replacing the older
1034	Net::XMPP2>.
1035
1036	=item L<AnyEvent::IGS>
1037
1038	A non-blocking interface to the Internet Go Server protocol (used by
1039	L<App::IGS>).
1040
1041	=item L<Net::FCP>
1042
1043	AnyEvent-based implementation of the Freenet Client Protocol, birthplace
1044	of AnyEvent.
1045
1046	=item L<Event::ExecFlow>
1047
1048	High level API for event-based execution flow control.
1049		1129
1050	=item L<Coro>	1130	=item L<Coro>
1051		1131
1052	Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>.	1132	Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>.
1053		1133
…		…
1057		1137
1058	package AnyEvent;	1138	package AnyEvent;
1059		1139
1060	# basically a tuned-down version of common::sense	1140	# basically a tuned-down version of common::sense
1061	sub common_sense {	1141	sub common_sense {
1062	# no warnings	1142	# from common:.sense 1.0
1063	${^WARNING_BITS} ^= ${^WARNING_BITS};	1143	${^WARNING_BITS} = "\xfc\x3f\x33\x00\x0f\xf3\xcf\xc0\xf3\xfc\x33\x00";
1064	# use strict vars subs	1144	# use strict vars subs - NO UTF-8, as Util.pm doesn't like this atm. (uts46data.pl)
1065	$^H |= 0x00000600;	1145	$^H |= 0x00000600;
1066	}	1146	}
1067		1147
1068	BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }	1148	BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
1069		1149
1070	use Carp ();	1150	use Carp ();
1071		1151
1072	our $VERSION = 4.86;	1152	our $VERSION = '5.261';
1073	our $MODEL;	1153	our $MODEL;
1074		1154
1075	our $AUTOLOAD;	1155	our $AUTOLOAD;
1076	our @ISA;	1156	our @ISA;
1077		1157
1078	our @REGISTRY;	1158	our @REGISTRY;
1079		1159
1080	our $WIN32;
1081
1082	our $VERBOSE;	1160	our $VERBOSE;
1083		1161
1084	BEGIN {	1162	BEGIN {
1085	eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }";	1163	require "AnyEvent/constants.pl";
		1164
1086	eval "sub TAINT(){ " . (${^TAINT}*1) . " }";	1165	eval "sub TAINT (){" . (${^TAINT}*1) . "}";
1087		1166
1088	delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV}	1167	delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV}
1089	if ${^TAINT};	1168	if ${^TAINT};
1090		1169
1091	$VERBOSE = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1;	1170	$VERBOSE = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1;
…		…
1102	for reverse split /\s*,\s*/,	1181	for reverse split /\s*,\s*/,
1103	$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} || "ipv4,ipv6";	1182	$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} || "ipv4,ipv6";
1104	}	1183	}
1105		1184
1106	my @models = (	1185	my @models = (
1107	[EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV::],	1186	[EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV:: , 1],
1108	[Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::],
1109	[AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::],	1187	[AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: , 1],
1110	# everything below here will not be autoprobed	1188	# everything below here will not (normally) be autoprobed
1111	# as the pureperl backend should work everywhere	1189	# as the pureperl backend should work everywhere
1112	# and is usually faster	1190	# and is usually faster
		1191	[Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::, 1],
1113	[Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers	1192	[Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib:: , 1], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers
1114	[Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy	1193	[Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy
		1194	[Irssi:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi::], # Irssi has a bogus "Event" package
1115	[Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles	1195	[Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles
1116	[Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program	1196	[Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program
1117	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza	1197	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza
1118	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],	1198	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
1119	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],	1199	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
1120	# IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its	1200	# IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its
1121	# byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others.	1201	# byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others.
1122	# IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any	1202	# IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any
1123	# obvious default class.	1203	# obvious default class.
1124	# [IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1204	[IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1125	# [IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1205	[IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1126	# [IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1206	[IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
		1207	[AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1127	);	1208	);
1128		1209
1129	our %method = map +($_ => 1),	1210	our %method = map +($_ => 1),
1130	qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY);	1211	qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY);
1131		1212
1132	our @post_detect;	1213	our @post_detect;
1133		1214
1134	sub post_detect(&) {	1215	sub post_detect(&) {
1135	my ($cb) = @_;	1216	my ($cb) = @_;
1136		1217
1137	if ($MODEL) {
1138	$cb->();
1139
1140	1
1141	} else {
1142	push @post_detect, $cb;	1218	push @post_detect, $cb;
1143		1219
1144	defined wantarray	1220	defined wantarray
1145	? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect"	1221	? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect"
1146	: ()	1222	: ()
1147	}
1148	}	1223	}
1149		1224
1150	sub AnyEvent::Util::postdetect::DESTROY {	1225	sub AnyEvent::Util::postdetect::DESTROY {
1151	@post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect;	1226	@post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect;
1152	}	1227	}
1153		1228
1154	sub detect() {	1229	sub detect() {
		1230	# free some memory
		1231	*detect = sub () { $MODEL };
		1232
		1233	local $!; # for good measure
		1234	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		1235
		1236	if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) {
		1237	my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1";
		1238	if (eval "require $model") {
		1239	$MODEL = $model;
		1240	warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}), using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
		1241	} else {
		1242	warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}):\n$@" if $VERBOSE;
		1243	}
		1244	}
		1245
		1246	# check for already loaded models
1155	unless ($MODEL) {	1247	unless ($MODEL) {
1156	local $SIG{__DIE__};	1248	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1157		1249	my ($package, $model) = @$_;
1158	if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) {	1250	if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) {
1159	my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1";
1160	if (eval "require $model") {	1251	if (eval "require $model") {
1161	$MODEL = $model;	1252	$MODEL = $model;
1162	warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}), using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;	1253	warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1163	} else {	1254	last;
1164	warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}):\n$@" if $VERBOSE;	1255	}
1165	}	1256	}
1166	}	1257	}
1167		1258
1168	# check for already loaded models
1169	unless ($MODEL) {	1259	unless ($MODEL) {
		1260	# try to autoload a model
1170	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {	1261	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1171	my ($package, $model) = @$_;	1262	my ($package, $model, $autoload) = @$_;
		1263	if (
		1264	$autoload
		1265	and eval "require $package"
1172	if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) {	1266	and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0
1173	if (eval "require $model") {	1267	and eval "require $model"
		1268	) {
1174	$MODEL = $model;	1269	$MODEL = $model;
1175	warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;	1270	warn "AnyEvent: autoloaded model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1176	last;	1271	last;
1177	}
1178	}	1272	}
1179	}	1273	}
1180		1274
1181	unless ($MODEL) {
1182	# try to load a model
1183
1184	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1185	my ($package, $model) = @$_;
1186	if (eval "require $package"
1187	and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0
1188	and eval "require $model") {
1189	$MODEL = $model;
1190	warn "AnyEvent: autoprobed model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1191	last;
1192	}
1193	}
1194
1195	$MODEL	1275	$MODEL
1196	or die "No event module selected for AnyEvent and autodetect failed. Install any one of these modules: EV, Event or Glib.\n";	1276	or die "No event module selected for AnyEvent and autodetect failed. Install any one of these modules: EV, Event or Glib.\n";
1197	}
1198	}	1277	}
1199
1200	push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base";
1201
1202	unshift @ISA, $MODEL;
1203
1204	require AnyEvent::Strict if $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT};
1205
1206	(shift @post_detect)->() while @post_detect;
1207	}	1278	}
		1279
		1280	@models = (); # free probe data
		1281
		1282	push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base";
		1283	unshift @ISA, $MODEL;
		1284
		1285	# now nuke some methods that are overriden by the backend.
		1286	# SUPER is not allowed.
		1287	for (qw(time signal child idle)) {
		1288	undef &{"AnyEvent::Base::$_"}
		1289	if defined &{"$MODEL\::$_"};
		1290	}
		1291
		1292	require AnyEvent::Strict if $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT};
		1293
		1294	(shift @post_detect)->() while @post_detect;
		1295
		1296	*post_detect = sub(&) {
		1297	shift->();
		1298
		1299	undef
		1300	};
1208		1301
1209	$MODEL	1302	$MODEL
1210	}	1303	}
1211		1304
1212	sub AUTOLOAD {	1305	sub AUTOLOAD {
1213	(my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://;	1306	(my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://;
1214		1307
1215	$method{$func}	1308	$method{$func}
1216	or Carp::croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects";	1309	or Carp::croak "$func: not a valid AnyEvent class method";
1217		1310
1218	detect unless $MODEL;	1311	detect;
1219		1312
1220	my $class = shift;	1313	my $class = shift;
1221	$class->$func (@_);	1314	$class->$func (@_);
1222	}	1315	}
1223		1316
…		…
1236	# we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases	1329	# we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases
1237		1330
1238	($fh2, $rw)	1331	($fh2, $rw)
1239	}	1332	}
1240		1333
		1334	=head1 SIMPLIFIED AE API
		1335
		1336	Starting with version 5.0, AnyEvent officially supports a second, much
		1337	simpler, API that is designed to reduce the calling, typing and memory
		1338	overhead by using function call syntax and a fixed number of parameters.
		1339
		1340	See the L<AE> manpage for details.
		1341
		1342	=cut
		1343
		1344	package AE;
		1345
		1346	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
		1347
		1348	# fall back to the main API by default - backends and AnyEvent::Base
		1349	# implementations can overwrite these.
		1350
		1351	sub io($$$) {
		1352	AnyEvent->io (fh => $_[0], poll => $_[1] ? "w" : "r", cb => $_[2])
		1353	}
		1354
		1355	sub timer($$$) {
		1356	AnyEvent->timer (after => $_[0], interval => $_[1], cb => $_[2])
		1357	}
		1358
		1359	sub signal($$) {
		1360	AnyEvent->signal (signal => $_[0], cb => $_[1])
		1361	}
		1362
		1363	sub child($$) {
		1364	AnyEvent->child (pid => $_[0], cb => $_[1])
		1365	}
		1366
		1367	sub idle($) {
		1368	AnyEvent->idle (cb => $_[0])
		1369	}
		1370
		1371	sub cv(;&) {
		1372	AnyEvent->condvar (@_ ? (cb => $_[0]) : ())
		1373	}
		1374
		1375	sub now() {
		1376	AnyEvent->now
		1377	}
		1378
		1379	sub now_update() {
		1380	AnyEvent->now_update
		1381	}
		1382
		1383	sub time() {
		1384	AnyEvent->time
		1385	}
		1386
1241	package AnyEvent::Base;	1387	package AnyEvent::Base;
1242		1388
1243	# default implementations for many methods	1389	# default implementations for many methods
1244		1390
1245	sub _time {	1391	sub time {
		1392	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
1246	# probe for availability of Time::HiRes	1393	# probe for availability of Time::HiRes
1247	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {	1394	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {
1248	warn "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;	1395	warn "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1249	*_time = \&Time::HiRes::time;	1396	*AE::time = \&Time::HiRes::time;
1250	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...	1397	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...
1251	} else {	1398	} else {
1252	warn "AnyEvent: using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!\n" if $VERBOSE;	1399	warn "AnyEvent: using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!\n" if $VERBOSE;
1253	*_time = sub { time }; # epic fail	1400	*AE::time = sub (){ time }; # epic fail
		1401	}
		1402
		1403	*time = sub { AE::time }; # different prototypes
1254	}	1404	};
		1405	die if $@;
1255		1406
1256	&_time	1407	&time
1257	}	1408	}
1258		1409
1259	sub time { _time }	1410	*now = \&time;
1260	sub now { _time }	1411
1261	sub now_update { }	1412	sub now_update { }
1262		1413
1263	# default implementation for ->condvar	1414	# default implementation for ->condvar
1264		1415
1265	sub condvar {	1416	sub condvar {
		1417	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
		1418	*condvar = sub {
1266	bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"	1419	bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"
		1420	};
		1421
		1422	*AE::cv = sub (;&) {
		1423	bless { @_ ? (_ae_cb => shift) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"
		1424	};
		1425	};
		1426	die if $@;
		1427
		1428	&condvar
1267	}	1429	}
1268		1430
1269	# default implementation for ->signal	1431	# default implementation for ->signal
1270		1432
1271	our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;	1433	our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;
		1434
		1435	sub _have_async_interrupt() {
		1436	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT = 1*(!$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT}
		1437	&& eval "use Async::Interrupt 1.02 (); 1")
		1438	unless defined $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;
		1439
		1440	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1441	}
		1442
1272	our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO);	1443	our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO);
1273	our (%SIG_ASY, %SIG_ASY_W);	1444	our (%SIG_ASY, %SIG_ASY_W);
1274	our ($SIG_COUNT, $SIG_TW);	1445	our ($SIG_COUNT, $SIG_TW);
1275		1446
1276	sub _signal_exec {
1277	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
1278	? $SIGPIPE_R->drain
1279	: sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 9;
1280
1281	while (%SIG_EV) {
1282	for (keys %SIG_EV) {
1283	delete $SIG_EV{$_};
1284	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} || {} };
1285	}
1286	}
1287	}
1288
1289	# install a dumym wakeupw atcher to reduce signal catching latency	1447	# install a dummy wakeup watcher to reduce signal catching latency
		1448	# used by Impls
1290	sub _sig_add() {	1449	sub _sig_add() {
1291	unless ($SIG_COUNT++) {	1450	unless ($SIG_COUNT++) {
1292	# try to align timer on a full-second boundary, if possible	1451	# try to align timer on a full-second boundary, if possible
1293	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;	1452	my $NOW = AE::now;
1294		1453
1295	$SIG_TW = AnyEvent->timer (	1454	$SIG_TW = AE::timer
1296	after => $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY - ($NOW - int $NOW),	1455	$MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY - ($NOW - int $NOW),
1297	interval => $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY,	1456	$MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY,
1298	cb => sub { }, # just for the PERL_ASYNC_CHECK	1457	sub { } # just for the PERL_ASYNC_CHECK
1299	);	1458	;
1300	}	1459	}
1301	}	1460	}
1302		1461
1303	sub _sig_del {	1462	sub _sig_del {
1304	undef $SIG_TW	1463	undef $SIG_TW
1305	unless --$SIG_COUNT;	1464	unless --$SIG_COUNT;
1306	}	1465	}
1307		1466
		1467	our $_sig_name_init; $_sig_name_init = sub {
		1468	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
		1469	undef $_sig_name_init;
		1470
		1471	if (_have_async_interrupt) {
		1472	*sig2num = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2num;
		1473	*sig2name = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2name;
		1474	} else {
		1475	require Config;
		1476
		1477	my %signame2num;
		1478	@signame2num{ split ' ', $Config::Config{sig_name} }
		1479	= split ' ', $Config::Config{sig_num};
		1480
		1481	my @signum2name;
		1482	@signum2name[values %signame2num] = keys %signame2num;
		1483
		1484	*sig2num = sub($) {
		1485	$_[0] > 0 ? shift : $signame2num{+shift}
		1486	};
		1487	*sig2name = sub ($) {
		1488	$_[0] > 0 ? $signum2name[+shift] : shift
		1489	};
		1490	}
		1491	};
		1492	die if $@;
		1493	};
		1494
		1495	sub sig2num ($) { &$_sig_name_init; &sig2num }
		1496	sub sig2name($) { &$_sig_name_init; &sig2name }
		1497
1308	sub _signal {	1498	sub signal {
1309	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1499	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
		1500	# probe for availability of Async::Interrupt
		1501	if (_have_async_interrupt) {
		1502	warn "AnyEvent: using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1310		1503
1311	my $signal = uc $arg{signal}	1504	$SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe;
1312	or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing";	1505	$SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, 0, \&_signal_exec;
1313		1506
1314	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};	1507	} else {
		1508	warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1315		1509
1316	if ($HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT) {	1510	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {
1317	# async::interrupt	1511	require AnyEvent::Util;
1318		1512
1319	$SIG_ASY{$signal} ||= do {	1513	($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe ();
1320	my $asy = new Async::Interrupt	1514	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R, 1) if $SIGPIPE_R;
1321	cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} },	1515	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W, 1) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
1322	signal => $signal,	1516	} else {
1323	pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos],	1517	pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W;
		1518	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, AnyEvent::F_SETFL, AnyEvent::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R;
		1519	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, AnyEvent::F_SETFL, AnyEvent::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
		1520
		1521	# not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure...
		1522	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, AnyEvent::F_SETFD, AnyEvent::FD_CLOEXEC;
		1523	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, AnyEvent::F_SETFD, AnyEvent::FD_CLOEXEC;
1324	;	1524	}
1325	$asy->pipe_autodrain (0);
1326		1525
1327	$asy	1526	$SIGPIPE_R
		1527	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";
		1528
		1529	$SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R, 0, \&_signal_exec;
		1530	}
		1531
		1532	*signal = $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1533	? sub {
		1534	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
		1535
		1536	# async::interrupt
		1537	my $signal = sig2num $arg{signal};
		1538	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
		1539
		1540	$SIG_ASY{$signal} ||= new Async::Interrupt
		1541	cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} },
		1542	signal => $signal,
		1543	pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos],
		1544	pipe_autodrain => 0,
		1545	;
		1546
		1547	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"
		1548	}
		1549	: sub {
		1550	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
		1551
		1552	# pure perl
		1553	my $signal = sig2name $arg{signal};
		1554	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
		1555
		1556	$SIG{$signal} ||= sub {
		1557	local $!;
		1558	syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV;
		1559	undef $SIG_EV{$signal};
		1560	};
		1561
		1562	# can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl,
		1563	# so limit the signal latency.
		1564	_sig_add;
		1565
		1566	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"
		1567	}
		1568	;
		1569
		1570	*AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY = sub {
		1571	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
		1572
		1573	_sig_del;
		1574
		1575	delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};
		1576
		1577	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1578	? delete $SIG_ASY{$signal}
		1579	: # delete doesn't work with older perls - they then
		1580	# print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit
		1581	# instead of getting the default action.
		1582	undef $SIG{$signal}
		1583	unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };
1328	};	1584	};
1329		1585
1330	} else {	1586	*_signal_exec = sub {
1331	# pure perl	1587	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1588	? $SIGPIPE_R->drain
		1589	: sysread $SIGPIPE_R, (my $dummy), 9;
1332		1590
1333	$SIG{$signal} ||= sub {	1591	while (%SIG_EV) {
1334	local $!;	1592	for (keys %SIG_EV) {
1335	syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV;	1593	delete $SIG_EV{$_};
1336	undef $SIG_EV{$signal};	1594	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} || {} };
		1595	}
		1596	}
1337	};	1597	};
1338
1339	# can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl,
1340	# so limit the signal latency.
1341	_sig_add;
1342	}	1598	};
		1599	die if $@;
1343		1600
1344	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"
1345	}
1346
1347	sub signal {
1348	# probe for availability of Async::Interrupt
1349	if (!$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT} && eval "use Async::Interrupt 0.6 (); 1") {
1350	warn "AnyEvent: using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1351
1352	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT = 1;
1353	$SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe;
1354	$SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec);
1355
1356	} else {
1357	warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1358
1359	require Fcntl;
1360
1361	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {
1362	require AnyEvent::Util;
1363
1364	($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe ();
1365	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R) if $SIGPIPE_R;
1366	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
1367	} else {
1368	pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W;
1369	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R;
1370	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
1371
1372	# not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure...
1373	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
1374	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
1375	}
1376
1377	$SIGPIPE_R
1378	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";
1379
1380	$SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec);
1381	}
1382
1383	*signal = \&_signal;
1384	&signal	1601	&signal
1385	}
1386
1387	sub AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY {
1388	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
1389
1390	_sig_del;
1391
1392	delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};
1393
1394	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
1395	? delete $SIG_ASY{$signal}
1396	: # delete doesn't work with older perls - they then
1397	# print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit
1398	# instead of getting the default action.
1399	undef $SIG{$signal}
1400	unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };
1401	}	1602	}
1402		1603
1403	# default implementation for ->child	1604	# default implementation for ->child
1404		1605
1405	our %PID_CB;	1606	our %PID_CB;
1406	our $CHLD_W;	1607	our $CHLD_W;
1407	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;	1608	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;
1408	our $WNOHANG;	1609	our $WNOHANG;
1409		1610
1410	sub _sigchld {	1611	# used by many Impl's
1411	while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) {	1612	sub _emit_childstatus($$) {
1412	$_->($pid, $?)	1613	my (undef, $rpid, $rstatus) = @_;
		1614
		1615	$_->($rpid, $rstatus)
1413	for values %{ $PID_CB{$pid} || {} },	1616	for values %{ $PID_CB{$rpid} || {} },
1414	values %{ $PID_CB{0} || {} };	1617	values %{ $PID_CB{0} || {} };
1415	}
1416	}	1618	}
1417		1619
1418	sub child {	1620	sub child {
		1621	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
		1622	*_sigchld = sub {
		1623	my $pid;
		1624
		1625	AnyEvent->_emit_childstatus ($pid, $?)
		1626	while ($pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG) > 0;
		1627	};
		1628
		1629	*child = sub {
1419	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1630	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
1420		1631
1421	defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0)	1632	defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0)
1422	or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing";	1633	or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing";
1423		1634
1424	$PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};	1635	$PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
1425		1636
1426	# WNOHANG is almost cetrainly 1 everywhere	1637	# WNOHANG is almost cetrainly 1 everywhere
1427	$WNOHANG ||= $^O =~ /^(?:openbsd|netbsd|linux|freebsd|cygwin|MSWin32)$/	1638	$WNOHANG ||= $^O =~ /^(?:openbsd|netbsd|linux|freebsd|cygwin|MSWin32)$/
1428	? 1	1639	? 1
1429	: eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } || 1;	1640	: eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } || 1;
1430		1641
1431	unless ($CHLD_W) {	1642	unless ($CHLD_W) {
1432	$CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld);	1643	$CHLD_W = AE::signal CHLD => \&_sigchld;
1433	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round	1644	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round
1434	&_sigchld;	1645	&_sigchld;
1435	}	1646	}
1436		1647
1437	bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child"	1648	bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child"
1438	}	1649	};
1439		1650
1440	sub AnyEvent::Base::child::DESTROY {	1651	*AnyEvent::Base::child::DESTROY = sub {
1441	my ($pid, $cb) = @{$_[0]};	1652	my ($pid, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
1442		1653
1443	delete $PID_CB{$pid}{$cb};	1654	delete $PID_CB{$pid}{$cb};
1444	delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} };	1655	delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} };
1445		1656
1446	undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB;	1657	undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB;
		1658	};
		1659	};
		1660	die if $@;
		1661
		1662	&child
1447	}	1663	}
1448		1664
1449	# idle emulation is done by simply using a timer, regardless	1665	# idle emulation is done by simply using a timer, regardless
1450	# of whether the process is idle or not, and not letting	1666	# of whether the process is idle or not, and not letting
1451	# the callback use more than 50% of the time.	1667	# the callback use more than 50% of the time.
1452	sub idle {	1668	sub idle {
		1669	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
		1670	*idle = sub {
1453	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1671	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
1454		1672
1455	my ($cb, $w, $rcb) = $arg{cb};	1673	my ($cb, $w, $rcb) = $arg{cb};
1456		1674
1457	$rcb = sub {	1675	$rcb = sub {
1458	if ($cb) {	1676	if ($cb) {
1459	$w = _time;	1677	$w = _time;
1460	&$cb;	1678	&$cb;
1461	$w = _time - $w;	1679	$w = _time - $w;
1462		1680
1463	# never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher,	1681	# never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher,
1464	# within some limits	1682	# within some limits
1465	$w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001;	1683	$w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001;
1466	$w = 5 if $w > 5;	1684	$w = 5 if $w > 5;
1467		1685
1468	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $w, cb => $rcb);	1686	$w = AE::timer $w, 0, $rcb;
1469	} else {	1687	} else {
1470	# clean up...	1688	# clean up...
1471	undef $w;	1689	undef $w;
1472	undef $rcb;	1690	undef $rcb;
		1691	}
		1692	};
		1693
		1694	$w = AE::timer 0.05, 0, $rcb;
		1695
		1696	bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle"
1473	}	1697	};
		1698
		1699	*AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY = sub {
		1700	undef $${$_[0]};
		1701	};
1474	};	1702	};
		1703	die if $@;
1475		1704
1476	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 0.05, cb => $rcb);	1705	&idle
1477
1478	bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle"
1479	}
1480
1481	sub AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY {
1482	undef $${$_[0]};
1483	}	1706	}
1484		1707
1485	package AnyEvent::CondVar;	1708	package AnyEvent::CondVar;
1486		1709
1487	our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::;	1710	our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::;
…		…
1535	Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak} if $_[0]{_ae_croak};	1758	Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak} if $_[0]{_ae_croak};
1536	wantarray ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0]	1759	wantarray ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0]
1537	}	1760	}
1538		1761
1539	sub cb {	1762	sub cb {
1540	$_[0]{_ae_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;	1763	my $cv = shift;
		1764
		1765	@_
		1766	and $cv->{_ae_cb} = shift
		1767	and $cv->{_ae_sent}
		1768	and (delete $cv->{_ae_cb})->($cv);
		1769
1541	$_[0]{_ae_cb}	1770	$cv->{_ae_cb}
1542	}	1771	}
1543		1772
1544	sub begin {	1773	sub begin {
1545	++$_[0]{_ae_counter};	1774	++$_[0]{_ae_counter};
1546	$_[0]{_ae_end_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;	1775	$_[0]{_ae_end_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;
…		…
1755	warn "read: $input\n"; # output what has been read	1984	warn "read: $input\n"; # output what has been read
1756	$cv->send if $input =~ /^q/i; # quit program if /^q/i	1985	$cv->send if $input =~ /^q/i; # quit program if /^q/i
1757	},	1986	},
1758	);	1987	);
1759		1988
1760	my $time_watcher; # can only be used once
1761
1762	sub new_timer {
1763	$timer = AnyEvent->timer (after => 1, cb => sub {	1989	my $time_watcher = AnyEvent->timer (after => 1, interval => 1, cb => sub {
1764	warn "timeout\n"; # print 'timeout' about every second	1990	warn "timeout\n"; # print 'timeout' at most every second
1765	&new_timer; # and restart the time
1766	});	1991	});
1767	}
1768
1769	new_timer; # create first timer
1770		1992
1771	$cv->recv; # wait until user enters /^q/i	1993	$cv->recv; # wait until user enters /^q/i
1772		1994
1773	=head1 REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE	1995	=head1 REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE
1774		1996
…		…
1847		2069
1848	The actual code goes further and collects all errors (C<die>s, exceptions)	2070	The actual code goes further and collects all errors (C<die>s, exceptions)
1849	that occurred during request processing. The C<result> method detects	2071	that occurred during request processing. The C<result> method detects
1850	whether an exception as thrown (it is stored inside the $txn object)	2072	whether an exception as thrown (it is stored inside the $txn object)
1851	and just throws the exception, which means connection errors and other	2073	and just throws the exception, which means connection errors and other
1852	problems get reported tot he code that tries to use the result, not in a	2074	problems get reported to the code that tries to use the result, not in a
1853	random callback.	2075	random callback.
1854		2076
1855	All of this enables the following usage styles:	2077	All of this enables the following usage styles:
1856		2078
1857	1. Blocking:	2079	1. Blocking:
…		…
1905	through AnyEvent. The benchmark creates a lot of timers (with a zero	2127	through AnyEvent. The benchmark creates a lot of timers (with a zero
1906	timeout) and I/O watchers (watching STDOUT, a pty, to become writable,	2128	timeout) and I/O watchers (watching STDOUT, a pty, to become writable,
1907	which it is), lets them fire exactly once and destroys them again.	2129	which it is), lets them fire exactly once and destroys them again.
1908		2130
1909	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench> in the AnyEvent	2131	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench> in the AnyEvent
1910	distribution.	2132	distribution. It uses the L<AE> interface, which makes a real difference
		2133	for the EV and Perl backends only.
1911		2134
1912	=head3 Explanation of the columns	2135	=head3 Explanation of the columns
1913		2136
1914	I<watcher> is the number of event watchers created/destroyed. Since	2137	I<watcher> is the number of event watchers created/destroyed. Since
1915	different event models feature vastly different performances, each event	2138	different event models feature vastly different performances, each event
…		…
1936	watcher.	2159	watcher.
1937		2160
1938	=head3 Results	2161	=head3 Results
1939		2162
1940	name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment	2163	name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment
1941	EV/EV 400000 224 0.47 0.35 0.27 EV native interface	2164	EV/EV 100000 223 0.47 0.43 0.27 EV native interface
1942	EV/Any 100000 224 2.88 0.34 0.27 EV + AnyEvent watchers	2165	EV/Any 100000 223 0.48 0.42 0.26 EV + AnyEvent watchers
1943	CoroEV/Any 100000 224 2.85 0.35 0.28 coroutines + Coro::Signal	2166	Coro::EV/Any 100000 223 0.47 0.42 0.26 coroutines + Coro::Signal
1944	Perl/Any 100000 452 4.13 0.73 0.95 pure perl implementation	2167	Perl/Any 100000 431 2.70 0.74 0.92 pure perl implementation
1945	Event/Event 16000 517 32.20 31.80 0.81 Event native interface	2168	Event/Event 16000 516 31.16 31.84 0.82 Event native interface
1946	Event/Any 16000 590 35.85 31.55 1.06 Event + AnyEvent watchers	2169	Event/Any 16000 1203 42.61 34.79 1.80 Event + AnyEvent watchers
1947	IOAsync/Any 16000 989 38.10 32.77 11.13 via IO::Async::Loop::IO_Poll	2170	IOAsync/Any 16000 1911 41.92 27.45 16.81 via IO::Async::Loop::IO_Poll
1948	IOAsync/Any 16000 990 37.59 29.50 10.61 via IO::Async::Loop::Epoll	2171	IOAsync/Any 16000 1726 40.69 26.37 15.25 via IO::Async::Loop::Epoll
1949	Glib/Any 16000 1357 102.33 12.31 51.00 quadratic behaviour	2172	Glib/Any 16000 1118 89.00 12.57 51.17 quadratic behaviour
1950	Tk/Any 2000 1860 27.20 66.31 14.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers	2173	Tk/Any 2000 1346 20.96 10.75 8.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers
1951	POE/Event 2000 6328 109.99 751.67 14.02 via POE::Loop::Event	2174	POE/Any 2000 6951 108.97 795.32 14.24 via POE::Loop::Event
1952	POE/Select 2000 6027 94.54 809.13 579.80 via POE::Loop::Select	2175	POE/Any 2000 6648 94.79 774.40 575.51 via POE::Loop::Select
1953		2176
1954	=head3 Discussion	2177	=head3 Discussion
1955		2178
1956	The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very	2179	The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very
1957	well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one)	2180	well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one)
…		…
1969	benchmark machine, handling an event takes roughly 1600 CPU cycles with	2192	benchmark machine, handling an event takes roughly 1600 CPU cycles with
1970	EV, 3100 CPU cycles with AnyEvent's pure perl loop and almost 3000000 CPU	2193	EV, 3100 CPU cycles with AnyEvent's pure perl loop and almost 3000000 CPU
1971	cycles with POE.	2194	cycles with POE.
1972		2195
1973	C<EV> is the sole leader regarding speed and memory use, which are both	2196	C<EV> is the sole leader regarding speed and memory use, which are both
1974	maximal/minimal, respectively. Even when going through AnyEvent, it uses	2197	maximal/minimal, respectively. When using the L<AE> API there is zero
		2198	overhead (when going through the AnyEvent API create is about 5-6 times
		2199	slower, with other times being equal, so still uses far less memory than
1975	far less memory than any other event loop and is still faster than Event	2200	any other event loop and is still faster than Event natively).
1976	natively.
1977		2201
1978	The pure perl implementation is hit in a few sweet spots (both the	2202	The pure perl implementation is hit in a few sweet spots (both the
1979	constant timeout and the use of a single fd hit optimisations in the perl	2203	constant timeout and the use of a single fd hit optimisations in the perl
1980	interpreter and the backend itself). Nevertheless this shows that it	2204	interpreter and the backend itself). Nevertheless this shows that it
1981	adds very little overhead in itself. Like any select-based backend its	2205	adds very little overhead in itself. Like any select-based backend its
…		…
2055	In this benchmark, we use 10000 socket pairs (20000 sockets), of which 100	2279	In this benchmark, we use 10000 socket pairs (20000 sockets), of which 100
2056	(1%) are active. This mirrors the activity of large servers with many	2280	(1%) are active. This mirrors the activity of large servers with many
2057	connections, most of which are idle at any one point in time.	2281	connections, most of which are idle at any one point in time.
2058		2282
2059	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench2> in the AnyEvent	2283	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench2> in the AnyEvent
2060	distribution.	2284	distribution. It uses the L<AE> interface, which makes a real difference
		2285	for the EV and Perl backends only.
2061		2286
2062	=head3 Explanation of the columns	2287	=head3 Explanation of the columns
2063		2288
2064	I<sockets> is the number of sockets, and twice the number of "servers" (as	2289	I<sockets> is the number of sockets, and twice the number of "servers" (as
2065	each server has a read and write socket end).	2290	each server has a read and write socket end).
…		…
2073	a new one that moves the timeout into the future.	2298	a new one that moves the timeout into the future.
2074		2299
2075	=head3 Results	2300	=head3 Results
2076		2301
2077	name sockets create request	2302	name sockets create request
2078	EV 20000 69.01 11.16	2303	EV 20000 62.66 7.99
2079	Perl 20000 73.32 35.87	2304	Perl 20000 68.32 32.64
2080	IOAsync 20000 157.00 98.14 epoll	2305	IOAsync 20000 174.06 101.15 epoll
2081	IOAsync 20000 159.31 616.06 poll	2306	IOAsync 20000 174.67 610.84 poll
2082	Event 20000 212.62 257.32	2307	Event 20000 202.69 242.91
2083	Glib 20000 651.16 1896.30	2308	Glib 20000 557.01 1689.52
2084	POE 20000 349.67 12317.24 uses POE::Loop::Event	2309	POE 20000 341.54 12086.32 uses POE::Loop::Event
2085		2310
2086	=head3 Discussion	2311	=head3 Discussion
2087		2312
2088	This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the	2313	This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the
2089	particular event loop.	2314	particular event loop.
…		…
2215	As you can see, the AnyEvent + EV combination even beats the	2440	As you can see, the AnyEvent + EV combination even beats the
2216	hand-optimised "raw sockets benchmark", while AnyEvent + its pure perl	2441	hand-optimised "raw sockets benchmark", while AnyEvent + its pure perl
2217	backend easily beats IO::Lambda and POE.	2442	backend easily beats IO::Lambda and POE.
2218		2443
2219	And even the 100% non-blocking version written using the high-level (and	2444	And even the 100% non-blocking version written using the high-level (and
2220	slow :) L<AnyEvent::Handle> abstraction beats both POE and IO::Lambda by a	2445	slow :) L<AnyEvent::Handle> abstraction beats both POE and IO::Lambda
2221	large margin, even though it does all of DNS, tcp-connect and socket I/O	2446	higher level ("unoptimised") abstractions by a large margin, even though
2222	in a non-blocking way.	2447	it does all of DNS, tcp-connect and socket I/O in a non-blocking way.
2223		2448
2224	The two AnyEvent benchmarks programs can be found as F<eg/ae0.pl> and	2449	The two AnyEvent benchmarks programs can be found as F<eg/ae0.pl> and
2225	F<eg/ae2.pl> in the AnyEvent distribution, the remaining benchmarks are	2450	F<eg/ae2.pl> in the AnyEvent distribution, the remaining benchmarks are
2226	part of the IO::lambda distribution and were used without any changes.	2451	part of the IO::Lambda distribution and were used without any changes.
2227		2452
2228		2453
2229	=head1 SIGNALS	2454	=head1 SIGNALS
2230		2455
2231	AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals:	2456	AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals:
…		…
2273	it's built-in modules) are required to use it.	2498	it's built-in modules) are required to use it.
2274		2499
2275	That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional	2500	That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional
2276	modules if they are installed.	2501	modules if they are installed.
2277		2502
2278	This section epxlains which additional modules will be used, and how they	2503	This section explains which additional modules will be used, and how they
2279	affect AnyEvent's operetion.	2504	affect AnyEvent's operation.
2280		2505
2281	=over 4	2506	=over 4
2282		2507
2283	=item L<Async::Interrupt>	2508	=item L<Async::Interrupt>
2284		2509
…		…
2289	catch the signals) with some delay (default is 10 seconds, look for	2514	catch the signals) with some delay (default is 10 seconds, look for
2290	C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>).	2515	C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>).
2291		2516
2292	If this module is available, then it will be used to implement signal	2517	If this module is available, then it will be used to implement signal
2293	catching, which means that signals will not be delayed, and the event loop	2518	catching, which means that signals will not be delayed, and the event loop
2294	will not be interrupted regularly, which is more efficient (And good for	2519	will not be interrupted regularly, which is more efficient (and good for
2295	battery life on laptops).	2520	battery life on laptops).
2296		2521
2297	This affects not just the pure-perl event loop, but also other event loops	2522	This affects not just the pure-perl event loop, but also other event loops
2298	that have no signal handling on their own (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt).	2523	that have no signal handling on their own (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt).
2299		2524
…		…
2311	automatic timer adjustments even when no monotonic clock is available,	2536	automatic timer adjustments even when no monotonic clock is available,
2312	can take avdantage of advanced kernel interfaces such as C<epoll> and	2537	can take avdantage of advanced kernel interfaces such as C<epoll> and
2313	C<kqueue>, and is the fastest backend I<by far>. You can even embed	2538	C<kqueue>, and is the fastest backend I<by far>. You can even embed
2314	L<Glib>/L<Gtk2> in it (or vice versa, see L<EV::Glib> and L<Glib::EV>).	2539	L<Glib>/L<Gtk2> in it (or vice versa, see L<EV::Glib> and L<Glib::EV>).
2315		2540
		2541	If you only use backends that rely on another event loop (e.g. C<Tk>),
		2542	then this module will do nothing for you.
		2543
2316	=item L<Guard>	2544	=item L<Guard>
2317		2545
2318	The guard module, when used, will be used to implement	2546	The guard module, when used, will be used to implement
2319	C<AnyEvent::Util::guard>. This speeds up guards considerably (and uses a	2547	C<AnyEvent::Util::guard>. This speeds up guards considerably (and uses a
2320	lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is	2548	lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is
2321	purely used for performance.	2549	purely used for performance.
2322		2550
2323	=item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS>	2551	=item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS>
2324		2552
2325	This module is required when you want to read or write JSON data via	2553	One of these modules is required when you want to read or write JSON data
2326	L<AnyEvent::Handle>. It is also written in pure-perl, but can take	2554	via L<AnyEvent::Handle>. L<JSON> is also written in pure-perl, but can take
2327	advantage of the ultra-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed.	2555	advantage of the ultra-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed.
2328
2329	In fact, L<AnyEvent::Handle> will use L<JSON::XS> by default if it is
2330	installed.
2331		2556
2332	=item L<Net::SSLeay>	2557	=item L<Net::SSLeay>
2333		2558
2334	Implementing TLS/SSL in Perl is certainly interesting, but not very	2559	Implementing TLS/SSL in Perl is certainly interesting, but not very
2335	worthwhile: If this module is installed, then L<AnyEvent::Handle> (with	2560	worthwhile: If this module is installed, then L<AnyEvent::Handle> (with
…		…
2346		2571
2347		2572
2348	=head1 FORK	2573	=head1 FORK
2349		2574
2350	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are	2575	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are
2351	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll>	2576	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll> calls
2352	calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware.	2577	- higher performance APIs such as BSD's kqueue or the dreaded Linux epoll
		2578	are usually badly thought-out hacks that are incompatible with fork in
		2579	one way or another. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware and ensures that you
		2580	continue event-processing in both parent and child (or both, if you know
		2581	what you are doing).
		2582
		2583	This means that, in general, you cannot fork and do event processing in
		2584	the child if the event library was initialised before the fork (which
		2585	usually happens when the first AnyEvent watcher is created, or the library
		2586	is loaded).
2353		2587
2354	If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first	2588	If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first
2355	watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child OR you must do	2589	watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child OR you must do
2356	something completely out of the scope of AnyEvent.	2590	something completely out of the scope of AnyEvent.
		2591
		2592	The problem of doing event processing in the parent I<and> the child
		2593	is much more complicated: even for backends that I<are> fork-aware or
		2594	fork-safe, their behaviour is not usually what you want: fork clones all
		2595	watchers, that means all timers, I/O watchers etc. are active in both
		2596	parent and child, which is almost never what you want. USing C<exec>
		2597	to start worker children from some kind of manage rprocess is usually
		2598	preferred, because it is much easier and cleaner, at the expense of having
		2599	to have another binary.
2357		2600
2358		2601
2359	=head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS	2602	=head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
2360		2603
2361	AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via	2604	AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via
…		…
2399	L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>.	2642	L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>.
2400		2643
2401	Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>,	2644	Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>,
2402	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>,	2645	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>,
2403	L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>,	2646	L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>,
2404	L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>.	2647	L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>, L<Anyevent::Impl::Irssi>.
2405		2648
2406	Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and	2649	Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and
2407	servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>.	2650	servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>.
2408		2651
2409	Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>.	2652	Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>.

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