[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm

Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.247 by root, Sat Jul 18 22:24:17 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.309 by root, Sat Dec 26 08:59:35 2009 UTC

…		…
1	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
2		2
3	AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops	3	AnyEvent - the DBI of event loop programming
4		4
5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt and POE are various supported	5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Irssi, rxvt-unicode, IO::Async, Qt
6	event loops.	6	and POE are various supported event loops/environments.
7		7
8	=head1 SYNOPSIS	8	=head1 SYNOPSIS
9		9
10	use AnyEvent;	10	use AnyEvent;
11		11
40	=head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL	40	=head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL
41		41
42	This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested	42	This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested
43	in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the	43	in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the
44	L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage.	44	L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage.
		45
		46	=head1 SUPPORT
		47
		48	There is a mailinglist for discussing all things AnyEvent, and an IRC
		49	channel, too.
		50
		51	See the AnyEvent project page at the B<Schmorpforge Ta-Sa Software
		52	Repository>, at L<http://anyevent.schmorp.de>, for more info.
45		53
46	=head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT)	54	=head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT)
47		55
48	Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen	56	Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen
49	nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent?	57	nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent?
…		…
173	my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are	181	my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are
174	declared.	182	declared.
175		183
176	=head2 I/O WATCHERS	184	=head2 I/O WATCHERS
177		185
		186	$w = AnyEvent->io (
		187	fh => <filehandle_or_fileno>,
		188	poll => <"r" or "w">,
		189	cb => <callback>,
		190	);
		191
178	You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method	192	You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method
179	with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:	193	with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:
180		194
181	C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch	195	C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch
182	for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file	196	for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file
…		…
211	undef $w;	225	undef $w;
212	});	226	});
213		227
214	=head2 TIME WATCHERS	228	=head2 TIME WATCHERS
215		229
		230	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => <seconds>, cb => <callback>);
		231
		232	$w = AnyEvent->timer (
		233	after => <fractional_seconds>,
		234	interval => <fractional_seconds>,
		235	cb => <callback>,
		236	);
		237
216	You can create a time watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->timer >>	238	You can create a time watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->timer >>
217	method with the following mandatory arguments:	239	method with the following mandatory arguments:
218		240
219	C<after> specifies after how many seconds (fractional values are	241	C<after> specifies after how many seconds (fractional values are
220	supported) the callback should be invoked. C<cb> is the callback to invoke	242	supported) the callback should be invoked. C<cb> is the callback to invoke
…		…
341	might affect timers and time-outs.	363	might affect timers and time-outs.
342		364
343	When this is the case, you can call this method, which will update the	365	When this is the case, you can call this method, which will update the
344	event loop's idea of "current time".	366	event loop's idea of "current time".
345		367
		368	A typical example would be a script in a web server (e.g. C<mod_perl>) -
		369	when mod_perl executes the script, then the event loop will have the wrong
		370	idea about the "current time" (being potentially far in the past, when the
		371	script ran the last time). In that case you should arrange a call to C<<
		372	AnyEvent->now_update >> each time the web server process wakes up again
		373	(e.g. at the start of your script, or in a handler).
		374
346	Note that updating the time I<might> cause some events to be handled.	375	Note that updating the time I<might> cause some events to be handled.
347		376
348	=back	377	=back
349		378
350	=head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS	379	=head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS
		380
		381	$w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => <uppercase_signal_name>, cb => <callback>);
351		382
352	You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal	383	You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal
353	I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl	384	I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl
354	callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs.	385	callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs.
355		386
…		…
372		403
373	Example: exit on SIGINT	404	Example: exit on SIGINT
374		405
375	my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 });	406	my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 });
376		407
		408	=head3 Restart Behaviour
		409
		410	While restart behaviour is up to the event loop implementation, most will
		411	not restart syscalls (that includes L<Async::Interrupt> and AnyEvent's
		412	pure perl implementation).
		413
		414	=head3 Safe/Unsafe Signals
		415
		416	Perl signals can be either "safe" (synchronous to opcode handling) or
		417	"unsafe" (asynchronous) - the former might get delayed indefinitely, the
		418	latter might corrupt your memory.
		419
		420	AnyEvent signal handlers are, in addition, synchronous to the event loop,
		421	i.e. they will not interrupt your running perl program but will only be
		422	called as part of the normal event handling (just like timer, I/O etc.
		423	callbacks, too).
		424
377	=head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds	425	=head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds
378		426
379	Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support attaching	427	Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support attaching
380	callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot do	428	callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot
381	race-free signal handling in perl. AnyEvent will try to do it's best, but	429	do race-free signal handling in perl, requiring C libraries for
		430	this. AnyEvent will try to do it's best, which means in some cases,
382	in some cases, signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might	431	signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might be delayed is
383	be delayed is specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10	432	specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10 seconds). This
384	seconds). This variable can be changed only before the first signal	433	variable can be changed only before the first signal watcher is created,
385	watcher is created, and should be left alone otherwise. Higher values	434	and should be left alone otherwise. This variable determines how often
		435	AnyEvent polls for signals (in case a wake-up was missed). Higher values
386	will cause fewer spurious wake-ups, which is better for power and CPU	436	will cause fewer spurious wake-ups, which is better for power and CPU
		437	saving.
		438
387	saving. All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional	439	All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional
388	L<Async::Interrupt> module. This will not work with inherently broken	440	L<Async::Interrupt> module, which works with most event loops. It will not
389	event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib> (and not with L<POE>	441	work with inherently broken event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib>
390	currently, as POE does it's own workaround with one-second latency). With	442	(and not with L<POE> currently, as POE does it's own workaround with
391	those, you just have to suffer the delays.	443	one-second latency). For those, you just have to suffer the delays.
392		444
393	=head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS	445	=head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS
394		446
		447	$w = AnyEvent->child (pid => <process id>, cb => <callback>);
		448
395	You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status.	449	You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status.
396		450
397	The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (if set to C<0>, it	451	The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (one some backends,
398	watches for any child process exit). The watcher will triggered only when	452	using C<0> watches for any child process exit, on others this will
399	the child process has finished and an exit status is available, not on	453	croak). The watcher will be triggered only when the child process has
400	any trace events (stopped/continued).	454	finished and an exit status is available, not on any trace events
		455	(stopped/continued).
401		456
402	The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by	457	The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by
403	waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher	458	waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher
404	callback arguments.	459	callback arguments.
405		460
…		…
446	# do something else, then wait for process exit	501	# do something else, then wait for process exit
447	$done->recv;	502	$done->recv;
448		503
449	=head2 IDLE WATCHERS	504	=head2 IDLE WATCHERS
450		505
451	Sometimes there is a need to do something, but it is not so important	506	$w = AnyEvent->idle (cb => <callback>);
452	to do it instantly, but only when there is nothing better to do. This
453	"nothing better to do" is usually defined to be "no other events need
454	attention by the event loop".
455		507
456	Idle watchers ideally get invoked when the event loop has nothing	508	Repeatedly invoke the callback after the process becomes idle, until
457	better to do, just before it would block the process to wait for new	509	either the watcher is destroyed or new events have been detected.
458	events. Instead of blocking, the idle watcher is invoked.
459		510
460	Most event loops unfortunately do not really support idle watchers (only	511	Idle watchers are useful when there is a need to do something, but it
		512	is not so important (or wise) to do it instantly. The callback will be
		513	invoked only when there is "nothing better to do", which is usually
		514	defined as "all outstanding events have been handled and no new events
		515	have been detected". That means that idle watchers ideally get invoked
		516	when the event loop has just polled for new events but none have been
		517	detected. Instead of blocking to wait for more events, the idle watchers
		518	will be invoked.
		519
		520	Unfortunately, most event loops do not really support idle watchers (only
461	EV, Event and Glib do it in a usable fashion) - for the rest, AnyEvent	521	EV, Event and Glib do it in a usable fashion) - for the rest, AnyEvent
462	will simply call the callback "from time to time".	522	will simply call the callback "from time to time".
463		523
464	Example: read lines from STDIN, but only process them when the	524	Example: read lines from STDIN, but only process them when the
465	program is otherwise idle:	525	program is otherwise idle:
…		…
481	});	541	});
482	});	542	});
483		543
484	=head2 CONDITION VARIABLES	544	=head2 CONDITION VARIABLES
485		545
		546	$cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
		547
		548	$cv->send (<list>);
		549	my @res = $cv->recv;
		550
486	If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them	551	If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them
487	require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that	552	require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that
488	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.	553	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.
489		554
490	AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event	555	AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event
…		…
509	Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can	574	Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can
510	optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points	575	optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points
511	in time where multiple outstanding events have been processed. And yet	576	in time where multiple outstanding events have been processed. And yet
512	another way to call them is transactions - each condition variable can be	577	another way to call them is transactions - each condition variable can be
513	used to represent a transaction, which finishes at some point and delivers	578	used to represent a transaction, which finishes at some point and delivers
514	a result.	579	a result. And yet some people know them as "futures" - a promise to
		580	compute/deliver something that you can wait for.
515		581
516	Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished,	582	Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished,
517	for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests,	583	for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests,
518	then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the	584	then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the
519	availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is	585	availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is
…		…
553	after => 1,	619	after => 1,
554	cb => sub { $result_ready->send },	620	cb => sub { $result_ready->send },
555	);	621	);
556		622
557	# this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback	623	# this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback
558	# calls -<send	624	# calls ->send
559	$result_ready->recv;	625	$result_ready->recv;
560		626
561	Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition	627	Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition
562	variables are also callable directly.	628	variables are also callable directly.
563		629
…		…
627	one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want	693	one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want
628	to use a condition variable for the whole process.	694	to use a condition variable for the whole process.
629		695
630	Every call to C<< ->begin >> will increment a counter, and every call to	696	Every call to C<< ->begin >> will increment a counter, and every call to
631	C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end	697	C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end
632	>>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback	698	>>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed, passing the
633	is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no	699	condvar as first argument. That callback is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send
634	callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments.	700	>>, but that is not required. If no group callback was set, C<send> will
		701	be called without any arguments.
635		702
636	You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call	703	You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call
637	sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND	704	sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND
638	condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends).	705	condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends).
639		706
…		…
666	begung can potentially be zero:	733	begung can potentially be zero:
667		734
668	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	735	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
669		736
670	my %result;	737	my %result;
671	$cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) });	738	$cv->begin (sub { shift->send (\%result) });
672		739
673	for my $host (@list_of_hosts) {	740	for my $host (@list_of_hosts) {
674	$cv->begin;	741	$cv->begin;
675	ping_host_then_call_callback $host, sub {	742	ping_host_then_call_callback $host, sub {
676	$result{$host} = ...;	743	$result{$host} = ...;
…		…
751	=item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv))	818	=item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv))
752		819
753	This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally	820	This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally
754	replaces it before doing so.	821	replaces it before doing so.
755		822
756	The callback will be called when the condition becomes "true", i.e. when	823	The callback will be called when the condition becomes (or already was)
757	C<send> or C<croak> are called, with the only argument being the condition	824	"true", i.e. when C<send> or C<croak> are called (or were called), with
758	variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time	825	the only argument being the condition variable itself. Calling C<recv>
759	is guaranteed not to block.	826	inside the callback or at any later time is guaranteed not to block.
760		827
761	=back	828	=back
762		829
763	=head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS	830	=head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS
764		831
…		…
767	=over 4	834	=over 4
768		835
769	=item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found.	836	=item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found.
770		837
771	EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in	838	EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in
772	use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will try Event, and, failing	839	use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will fall back to its own
773	that, will fall back to its own pure-perl implementation, which is	840	pure-perl implementation, which is available everywhere as it comes with
774	available everywhere as it comes with AnyEvent itself.	841	AnyEvent itself.
775		842
776	AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice).	843	AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice).
777	AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches.
778	AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable.	844	AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable.
779		845
780	=item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used.	846	=item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used.
781		847
782	These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher	848	These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher
783	is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using	849	is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using
784	them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend	850	them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend
785	when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to	851	when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to
786	create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program.	852	create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program.
787		853
		854	AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches.
788	AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable.	855	AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable.
789	AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken.	856	AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken.
790	AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.	857	AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.
791	AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations.	858	AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations.
		859	AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi used when running within irssi.
792		860
793	=item Backends with special needs.	861	=item Backends with special needs.
794		862
795	Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will	863	Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will
796	otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program	864	otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program
…		…
870	event module detection too early, for example, L<AnyEvent::AIO> creates	938	event module detection too early, for example, L<AnyEvent::AIO> creates
871	and installs the global L<IO::AIO> watcher in a C<post_detect> block to	939	and installs the global L<IO::AIO> watcher in a C<post_detect> block to
872	avoid autodetecting the event module at load time.	940	avoid autodetecting the event module at load time.
873		941
874	If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object	942	If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object
875	that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed. See	943	that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed (or
		944	C<undef> when the hook was immediately executed). See L<AnyEvent::AIO> for
876	L<Coro::BDB> for a case where this is useful.	945	a case where this is useful.
		946
		947	Example: Create a watcher for the IO::AIO module and store it in
		948	C<$WATCHER>. Only do so after the event loop is initialised, though.
		949
		950	our WATCHER;
		951
		952	my $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect {
		953	$WATCHER = AnyEvent->io (fh => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, poll => 'r', cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		954	};
		955
		956	# the \|\|= is important in case post_detect immediately runs the block,
		957	# as to not clobber the newly-created watcher. assigning both watcher and
		958	# post_detect guard to the same variable has the advantage of users being
		959	# able to just C<undef $WATCHER> if the watcher causes them grief.
		960
		961	$WATCHER \|\|= $guard;
877		962
878	=item @AnyEvent::post_detect	963	=item @AnyEvent::post_detect
879		964
880	If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it	965	If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it
881	before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after	966	before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after
…		…
884	You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though:	969	You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though:
885	if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the	970	if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the
886	array will be ignored.	971	array will be ignored.
887		972
888	Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> when your application allows	973	Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> when your application allows
889	it,as it takes care of these details.	974	it, as it takes care of these details.
890		975
891	This variable is mainly useful for modules that can do something useful	976	This variable is mainly useful for modules that can do something useful
892	when AnyEvent is used and thus want to know when it is initialised, but do	977	when AnyEvent is used and thus want to know when it is initialised, but do
893	not need to even load it by default. This array provides the means to hook	978	not need to even load it by default. This array provides the means to hook
894	into AnyEvent passively, without loading it.	979	into AnyEvent passively, without loading it.
		980
		981	Example: To load Coro::AnyEvent whenever Coro and AnyEvent are used
		982	together, you could put this into Coro (this is the actual code used by
		983	Coro to accomplish this):
		984
		985	if (defined $AnyEvent::MODEL) {
		986	# AnyEvent already initialised, so load Coro::AnyEvent
		987	require Coro::AnyEvent;
		988	} else {
		989	# AnyEvent not yet initialised, so make sure to load Coro::AnyEvent
		990	# as soon as it is
		991	push @AnyEvent::post_detect, sub { require Coro::AnyEvent };
		992	}
895		993
896	=back	994	=back
897		995
898	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE	996	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE
899		997
…		…
1048		1146
1049	package AnyEvent;	1147	package AnyEvent;
1050		1148
1051	# basically a tuned-down version of common::sense	1149	# basically a tuned-down version of common::sense
1052	sub common_sense {	1150	sub common_sense {
1053	# no warnings	1151	# from common:.sense 1.0
1054	${^WARNING_BITS} ^= ${^WARNING_BITS};	1152	${^WARNING_BITS} = "\xfc\x3f\x33\x00\x0f\xf3\xcf\xc0\xf3\xfc\x33\x00";
1055	# use strict vars subs	1153	# use strict vars subs - NO UTF-8, as Util.pm doesn't like this atm. (uts46data.pl)
1056	$^H \|= 0x00000600;	1154	$^H \|= 0x00000600;
1057	}	1155	}
1058		1156
1059	BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }	1157	BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
1060		1158
1061	use Carp ();	1159	use Carp ();
1062		1160
1063	our $VERSION = 4.85;	1161	our $VERSION = '5.23';
1064	our $MODEL;	1162	our $MODEL;
1065		1163
1066	our $AUTOLOAD;	1164	our $AUTOLOAD;
1067	our @ISA;	1165	our @ISA;
1068		1166
1069	our @REGISTRY;	1167	our @REGISTRY;
1070
1071	our $WIN32;
1072		1168
1073	our $VERBOSE;	1169	our $VERBOSE;
1074		1170
1075	BEGIN {	1171	BEGIN {
1076	eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }";	1172	eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }";
…		…
1093	for reverse split /\s,\s/,	1189	for reverse split /\s,\s/,
1094	$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} \|\| "ipv4,ipv6";	1190	$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} \|\| "ipv4,ipv6";
1095	}	1191	}
1096		1192
1097	my @models = (	1193	my @models = (
1098	[EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV::],	1194	[EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV:: , 1],
1099	[Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::],
1100	[AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::],	1195	[AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: , 1],
1101	# everything below here will not be autoprobed	1196	# everything below here will not (normally) be autoprobed
1102	# as the pureperl backend should work everywhere	1197	# as the pureperl backend should work everywhere
1103	# and is usually faster	1198	# and is usually faster
		1199	[Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::, 1],
1104	[Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers	1200	[Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib:: , 1], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers
1105	[Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy	1201	[Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy
		1202	[Irssi:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi::], # Irssi has a bogus "Event" package
1106	[Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles	1203	[Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles
1107	[Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program	1204	[Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program
1108	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza	1205	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza
1109	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],	1206	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
1110	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],	1207	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
1111	# IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its	1208	# IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its
1112	# byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others.	1209	# byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others.
1113	# IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any	1210	# IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any
1114	# obvious default class.	1211	# obvious default class.
1115	# [IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1212	[IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1116	# [IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1213	[IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1117	# [IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1214	[IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
		1215	[AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1118	);	1216	);
1119		1217
1120	our %method = map +($_ => 1),	1218	our %method = map +($_ => 1),
1121	qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY);	1219	qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY);
1122		1220
…		…
1126	my ($cb) = @_;	1224	my ($cb) = @_;
1127		1225
1128	if ($MODEL) {	1226	if ($MODEL) {
1129	$cb->();	1227	$cb->();
1130		1228
1131	1	1229	undef
1132	} else {	1230	} else {
1133	push @post_detect, $cb;	1231	push @post_detect, $cb;
1134		1232
1135	defined wantarray	1233	defined wantarray
1136	? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect"	1234	? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect"
…		…
1168	}	1266	}
1169	}	1267	}
1170	}	1268	}
1171		1269
1172	unless ($MODEL) {	1270	unless ($MODEL) {
1173	# try to load a model	1271	# try to autoload a model
1174
1175	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {	1272	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1176	my ($package, $model) = @$_;	1273	my ($package, $model, $autoload) = @$_;
		1274	if (
		1275	$autoload
1177	if (eval "require $package"	1276	and eval "require $package"
1178	and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0	1277	and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0
1179	and eval "require $model") {	1278	and eval "require $model"
		1279	) {
1180	$MODEL = $model;	1280	$MODEL = $model;
1181	warn "AnyEvent: autoprobed model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;	1281	warn "AnyEvent: autoloaded model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1182	last;	1282	last;
1183	}	1283	}
1184	}	1284	}
1185		1285
1186	$MODEL	1286	$MODEL
…		…
1227	# we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases	1327	# we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases
1228		1328
1229	($fh2, $rw)	1329	($fh2, $rw)
1230	}	1330	}
1231		1331
		1332	=head1 SIMPLIFIED AE API
		1333
		1334	Starting with version 5.0, AnyEvent officially supports a second, much
		1335	simpler, API that is designed to reduce the calling, typing and memory
		1336	overhead.
		1337
		1338	See the L<AE> manpage for details.
		1339
		1340	=cut
		1341
		1342	package AE;
		1343
		1344	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
		1345
		1346	sub io($$$) {
		1347	AnyEvent->io (fh => $_[0], poll => $_[1] ? "w" : "r", cb => $_[2])
		1348	}
		1349
		1350	sub timer($$$) {
		1351	AnyEvent->timer (after => $_[0], interval => $_[1], cb => $_[2])
		1352	}
		1353
		1354	sub signal($$) {
		1355	AnyEvent->signal (signal => $_[0], cb => $_[1])
		1356	}
		1357
		1358	sub child($$) {
		1359	AnyEvent->child (pid => $_[0], cb => $_[1])
		1360	}
		1361
		1362	sub idle($) {
		1363	AnyEvent->idle (cb => $_[0])
		1364	}
		1365
		1366	sub cv(;&) {
		1367	AnyEvent->condvar (@_ ? (cb => $_[0]) : ())
		1368	}
		1369
		1370	sub now() {
		1371	AnyEvent->now
		1372	}
		1373
		1374	sub now_update() {
		1375	AnyEvent->now_update
		1376	}
		1377
		1378	sub time() {
		1379	AnyEvent->time
		1380	}
		1381
1232	package AnyEvent::Base;	1382	package AnyEvent::Base;
1233		1383
1234	# default implementations for many methods	1384	# default implementations for many methods
1235		1385
1236	sub _time {	1386	sub _time() {
1237	# probe for availability of Time::HiRes	1387	# probe for availability of Time::HiRes
1238	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {	1388	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {
1239	warn "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;	1389	warn "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1240	*_time = \&Time::HiRes::time;	1390	*_time = \&Time::HiRes::time;
1241	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...	1391	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...
…		…
1258	}	1408	}
1259		1409
1260	# default implementation for ->signal	1410	# default implementation for ->signal
1261		1411
1262	our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;	1412	our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;
		1413
		1414	sub _have_async_interrupt() {
		1415	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT = 1*(!$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT}
		1416	&& eval "use Async::Interrupt 1.02 (); 1")
		1417	unless defined $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;
		1418
		1419	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1420	}
		1421
1263	our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO);	1422	our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO);
1264	our (%SIG_ASY, %SIG_ASY_W);	1423	our (%SIG_ASY, %SIG_ASY_W);
1265	our ($SIG_COUNT, $SIG_TW);	1424	our ($SIG_COUNT, $SIG_TW);
1266		1425
1267	sub _signal_exec {	1426	sub _signal_exec {
1268	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT	1427	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
1269	? $SIGPIPE_R->drain	1428	? $SIGPIPE_R->drain
1270	: sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 9;	1429	: sysread $SIGPIPE_R, (my $dummy), 9;
1271		1430
1272	while (%SIG_EV) {	1431	while (%SIG_EV) {
1273	for (keys %SIG_EV) {	1432	for (keys %SIG_EV) {
1274	delete $SIG_EV{$_};	1433	delete $SIG_EV{$_};
1275	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} \|\| {} };	1434	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} \|\| {} };
1276	}	1435	}
1277	}	1436	}
1278	}	1437	}
1279		1438
1280	# install a dumym wakeupw atcher to reduce signal catching latency	1439	# install a dummy wakeup watcher to reduce signal catching latency
1281	sub _sig_add() {	1440	sub _sig_add() {
1282	unless ($SIG_COUNT++) {	1441	unless ($SIG_COUNT++) {
1283	# try to align timer on a full-second boundary, if possible	1442	# try to align timer on a full-second boundary, if possible
1284	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;	1443	my $NOW = AE::now;
1285		1444
1286	$SIG_TW = AnyEvent->timer (	1445	$SIG_TW = AE::timer
1287	after => $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY - ($NOW - int $NOW),	1446	$MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY - ($NOW - int $NOW),
1288	interval => $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY,	1447	$MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY,
1289	cb => sub { }, # just for the PERL_ASYNC_CHECK	1448	sub { } # just for the PERL_ASYNC_CHECK
1290	);	1449	;
1291	}	1450	}
1292	}	1451	}
1293		1452
1294	sub _sig_del {	1453	sub _sig_del {
1295	undef $SIG_TW	1454	undef $SIG_TW
1296	unless --$SIG_COUNT;	1455	unless --$SIG_COUNT;
1297	}	1456	}
1298		1457
		1458	our $_sig_name_init; $_sig_name_init = sub {
		1459	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading
		1460	undef $_sig_name_init;
		1461
		1462	if (_have_async_interrupt) {
		1463	*sig2num = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2num;
		1464	*sig2name = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2name;
		1465	} else {
		1466	require Config;
		1467
		1468	my %signame2num;
		1469	@signame2num{ split ' ', $Config::Config{sig_name} }
		1470	= split ' ', $Config::Config{sig_num};
		1471
		1472	my @signum2name;
		1473	@signum2name[values %signame2num] = keys %signame2num;
		1474
		1475	*sig2num = sub($) {
		1476	$_[0] > 0 ? shift : $signame2num{+shift}
		1477	};
		1478	*sig2name = sub ($) {
		1479	$_[0] > 0 ? $signum2name[+shift] : shift
		1480	};
		1481	}
		1482	};
		1483	die if $@;
		1484	};
		1485
		1486	sub sig2num ($) { &$_sig_name_init; &sig2num }
		1487	sub sig2name($) { &$_sig_name_init; &sig2name }
		1488
1299	sub _signal {	1489	sub signal {
		1490	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
		1491	# probe for availability of Async::Interrupt
		1492	if (_have_async_interrupt) {
		1493	warn "AnyEvent: using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
		1494
		1495	$SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe;
		1496	$SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, 0, \&_signal_exec;
		1497
		1498	} else {
		1499	warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
		1500
		1501	require Fcntl;
		1502
		1503	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {
		1504	require AnyEvent::Util;
		1505
		1506	($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe ();
		1507	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R, 1) if $SIGPIPE_R;
		1508	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W, 1) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
		1509	} else {
		1510	pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W;
		1511	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R;
		1512	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
		1513
		1514	# not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure...
		1515	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
		1516	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
		1517	}
		1518
		1519	$SIGPIPE_R
		1520	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";
		1521
		1522	$SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R, 0, \&_signal_exec;
		1523	}
		1524
		1525	*signal = sub {
1300	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1526	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
1301		1527
1302	my $signal = uc $arg{signal}	1528	my $signal = uc $arg{signal}
1303	or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing";	1529	or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing";
1304		1530
1305	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
1306
1307	if ($HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT) {	1531	if ($HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT) {
1308	# async::interrupt	1532	# async::interrupt
1309		1533
1310	$SIG_ASY{$signal} \|\|= do {	1534	$signal = sig2num $signal;
1311	my $asy = new Async::Interrupt	1535	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
		1536
		1537	$SIG_ASY{$signal} \|\|= new Async::Interrupt
1312	cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} },	1538	cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} },
1313	signal => $signal,	1539	signal => $signal,
1314	pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos],	1540	pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos],
		1541	pipe_autodrain => 0,
		1542	;
		1543
		1544	} else {
		1545	# pure perl
		1546
		1547	# AE::Util has been loaded in signal
		1548	$signal = sig2name $signal;
		1549	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
		1550
		1551	$SIG{$signal} \|\|= sub {
		1552	local $!;
		1553	syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV;
		1554	undef $SIG_EV{$signal};
		1555	};
		1556
		1557	# can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl,
		1558	# so limit the signal latency.
		1559	_sig_add;
1315	;	1560	}
1316	$asy->pipe_autodrain (0);
1317		1561
1318	$asy	1562	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"
1319	};	1563	};
1320		1564
1321	} else {	1565	*AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY = sub {
1322	# pure perl	1566	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
1323		1567
1324	$SIG{$signal} \|\|= sub {	1568	_sig_del;
1325	local $!;	1569
1326	syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV;	1570	delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};
		1571
		1572	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1573	? delete $SIG_ASY{$signal}
		1574	: # delete doesn't work with older perls - they then
		1575	# print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit
		1576	# instead of getting the default action.
1327	undef $SIG_EV{$signal};	1577	undef $SIG{$signal}
		1578	unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };
1328	};	1579	};
1329
1330	# can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl,
1331	# so limit the signal latency.
1332	_sig_add;
1333	}	1580	};
1334		1581	die if $@;
1335	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"
1336	}
1337
1338	sub signal {
1339	# probe for availability of Async::Interrupt
1340	if (!$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT} && eval "use Async::Interrupt 0.6 (); 1") {
1341	warn "AnyEvent: using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1342
1343	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT = 1;
1344	$SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe;
1345	$SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec);
1346
1347	} else {
1348	warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1349
1350	require Fcntl;
1351
1352	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {
1353	require AnyEvent::Util;
1354
1355	($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe ();
1356	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R) if $SIGPIPE_R;
1357	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
1358	} else {
1359	pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W;
1360	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R;
1361	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
1362
1363	# not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure...
1364	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
1365	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
1366	}
1367
1368	$SIGPIPE_R
1369	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";
1370
1371	$SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec);
1372	}
1373
1374	*signal = \&_signal;
1375	&signal	1582	&signal
1376	}
1377
1378	sub AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY {
1379	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
1380
1381	_sig_del;
1382
1383	delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};
1384
1385	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
1386	? delete $SIG_ASY{$signal}
1387	: # delete doesn't work with older perls - they then
1388	# print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit
1389	# instead of getting the default action.
1390	undef $SIG{$signal}
1391	unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };
1392	}	1583	}
1393		1584
1394	# default implementation for ->child	1585	# default implementation for ->child
1395		1586
1396	our %PID_CB;	1587	our %PID_CB;
1397	our $CHLD_W;	1588	our $CHLD_W;
1398	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;	1589	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;
1399	our $WNOHANG;	1590	our $WNOHANG;
1400		1591
		1592	sub _emit_childstatus($$) {
		1593	my (undef, $rpid, $rstatus) = @_;
		1594
		1595	$_->($rpid, $rstatus)
		1596	for values %{ $PID_CB{$rpid} \|\| {} },
		1597	values %{ $PID_CB{0} \|\| {} };
		1598	}
		1599
1401	sub _sigchld {	1600	sub _sigchld {
		1601	my $pid;
		1602
		1603	AnyEvent->_emit_childstatus ($pid, $?)
1402	while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) {	1604	while ($pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG) > 0;
1403	$_->($pid, $?)
1404	for values %{ $PID_CB{$pid} \|\| {} },
1405	values %{ $PID_CB{0} \|\| {} };
1406	}
1407	}	1605	}
1408		1606
1409	sub child {	1607	sub child {
1410	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1608	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
1411		1609
…		…
1418	$WNOHANG \|\|= $^O =~ /^(?:openbsd\|netbsd\|linux\|freebsd\|cygwin\|MSWin32)$/	1616	$WNOHANG \|\|= $^O =~ /^(?:openbsd\|netbsd\|linux\|freebsd\|cygwin\|MSWin32)$/
1419	? 1	1617	? 1
1420	: eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } \|\| 1;	1618	: eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } \|\| 1;
1421		1619
1422	unless ($CHLD_W) {	1620	unless ($CHLD_W) {
1423	$CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld);	1621	$CHLD_W = AE::signal CHLD => \&_sigchld;
1424	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round	1622	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round
1425	&_sigchld;	1623	&_sigchld;
1426	}	1624	}
1427		1625
1428	bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child"	1626	bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child"
…		…
1454	# never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher,	1652	# never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher,
1455	# within some limits	1653	# within some limits
1456	$w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001;	1654	$w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001;
1457	$w = 5 if $w > 5;	1655	$w = 5 if $w > 5;
1458		1656
1459	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $w, cb => $rcb);	1657	$w = AE::timer $w, 0, $rcb;
1460	} else {	1658	} else {
1461	# clean up...	1659	# clean up...
1462	undef $w;	1660	undef $w;
1463	undef $rcb;	1661	undef $rcb;
1464	}	1662	}
1465	};	1663	};
1466		1664
1467	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 0.05, cb => $rcb);	1665	$w = AE::timer 0.05, 0, $rcb;
1468		1666
1469	bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle"	1667	bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle"
1470	}	1668	}
1471		1669
1472	sub AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY {	1670	sub AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY {
…		…
1526	Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak} if $_[0]{_ae_croak};	1724	Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak} if $_[0]{_ae_croak};
1527	wantarray ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0]	1725	wantarray ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0]
1528	}	1726	}
1529		1727
1530	sub cb {	1728	sub cb {
1531	$_[0]{_ae_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;	1729	my $cv = shift;
		1730
		1731	@_
		1732	and $cv->{_ae_cb} = shift
		1733	and $cv->{_ae_sent}
		1734	and (delete $cv->{_ae_cb})->($cv);
		1735
1532	$_[0]{_ae_cb}	1736	$cv->{_ae_cb}
1533	}	1737	}
1534		1738
1535	sub begin {	1739	sub begin {
1536	++$_[0]{_ae_counter};	1740	++$_[0]{_ae_counter};
1537	$_[0]{_ae_end_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;	1741	$_[0]{_ae_end_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;
…		…
1746	warn "read: $input\n"; # output what has been read	1950	warn "read: $input\n"; # output what has been read
1747	$cv->send if $input =~ /^q/i; # quit program if /^q/i	1951	$cv->send if $input =~ /^q/i; # quit program if /^q/i
1748	},	1952	},
1749	);	1953	);
1750		1954
1751	my $time_watcher; # can only be used once
1752
1753	sub new_timer {
1754	$timer = AnyEvent->timer (after => 1, cb => sub {	1955	my $time_watcher = AnyEvent->timer (after => 1, interval => 1, cb => sub {
1755	warn "timeout\n"; # print 'timeout' about every second	1956	warn "timeout\n"; # print 'timeout' at most every second
1756	&new_timer; # and restart the time
1757	});	1957	});
1758	}
1759
1760	new_timer; # create first timer
1761		1958
1762	$cv->recv; # wait until user enters /^q/i	1959	$cv->recv; # wait until user enters /^q/i
1763		1960
1764	=head1 REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE	1961	=head1 REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE
1765		1962
…		…
1896	through AnyEvent. The benchmark creates a lot of timers (with a zero	2093	through AnyEvent. The benchmark creates a lot of timers (with a zero
1897	timeout) and I/O watchers (watching STDOUT, a pty, to become writable,	2094	timeout) and I/O watchers (watching STDOUT, a pty, to become writable,
1898	which it is), lets them fire exactly once and destroys them again.	2095	which it is), lets them fire exactly once and destroys them again.
1899		2096
1900	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench> in the AnyEvent	2097	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench> in the AnyEvent
1901	distribution.	2098	distribution. It uses the L<AE> interface, which makes a real difference
		2099	for the EV and Perl backends only.
1902		2100
1903	=head3 Explanation of the columns	2101	=head3 Explanation of the columns
1904		2102
1905	I<watcher> is the number of event watchers created/destroyed. Since	2103	I<watcher> is the number of event watchers created/destroyed. Since
1906	different event models feature vastly different performances, each event	2104	different event models feature vastly different performances, each event
…		…
1927	watcher.	2125	watcher.
1928		2126
1929	=head3 Results	2127	=head3 Results
1930		2128
1931	name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment	2129	name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment
1932	EV/EV 400000 224 0.47 0.35 0.27 EV native interface	2130	EV/EV 100000 223 0.47 0.43 0.27 EV native interface
1933	EV/Any 100000 224 2.88 0.34 0.27 EV + AnyEvent watchers	2131	EV/Any 100000 223 0.48 0.42 0.26 EV + AnyEvent watchers
1934	CoroEV/Any 100000 224 2.85 0.35 0.28 coroutines + Coro::Signal	2132	Coro::EV/Any 100000 223 0.47 0.42 0.26 coroutines + Coro::Signal
1935	Perl/Any 100000 452 4.13 0.73 0.95 pure perl implementation	2133	Perl/Any 100000 431 2.70 0.74 0.92 pure perl implementation
1936	Event/Event 16000 517 32.20 31.80 0.81 Event native interface	2134	Event/Event 16000 516 31.16 31.84 0.82 Event native interface
1937	Event/Any 16000 590 35.85 31.55 1.06 Event + AnyEvent watchers	2135	Event/Any 16000 1203 42.61 34.79 1.80 Event + AnyEvent watchers
1938	IOAsync/Any 16000 989 38.10 32.77 11.13 via IO::Async::Loop::IO_Poll	2136	IOAsync/Any 16000 1911 41.92 27.45 16.81 via IO::Async::Loop::IO_Poll
1939	IOAsync/Any 16000 990 37.59 29.50 10.61 via IO::Async::Loop::Epoll	2137	IOAsync/Any 16000 1726 40.69 26.37 15.25 via IO::Async::Loop::Epoll
1940	Glib/Any 16000 1357 102.33 12.31 51.00 quadratic behaviour	2138	Glib/Any 16000 1118 89.00 12.57 51.17 quadratic behaviour
1941	Tk/Any 2000 1860 27.20 66.31 14.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers	2139	Tk/Any 2000 1346 20.96 10.75 8.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers
1942	POE/Event 2000 6328 109.99 751.67 14.02 via POE::Loop::Event	2140	POE/Any 2000 6951 108.97 795.32 14.24 via POE::Loop::Event
1943	POE/Select 2000 6027 94.54 809.13 579.80 via POE::Loop::Select	2141	POE/Any 2000 6648 94.79 774.40 575.51 via POE::Loop::Select
1944		2142
1945	=head3 Discussion	2143	=head3 Discussion
1946		2144
1947	The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very	2145	The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very
1948	well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one)	2146	well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one)
…		…
1960	benchmark machine, handling an event takes roughly 1600 CPU cycles with	2158	benchmark machine, handling an event takes roughly 1600 CPU cycles with
1961	EV, 3100 CPU cycles with AnyEvent's pure perl loop and almost 3000000 CPU	2159	EV, 3100 CPU cycles with AnyEvent's pure perl loop and almost 3000000 CPU
1962	cycles with POE.	2160	cycles with POE.
1963		2161
1964	C<EV> is the sole leader regarding speed and memory use, which are both	2162	C<EV> is the sole leader regarding speed and memory use, which are both
1965	maximal/minimal, respectively. Even when going through AnyEvent, it uses	2163	maximal/minimal, respectively. When using the L<AE> API there is zero
		2164	overhead (when going through the AnyEvent API create is about 5-6 times
		2165	slower, with other times being equal, so still uses far less memory than
1966	far less memory than any other event loop and is still faster than Event	2166	any other event loop and is still faster than Event natively).
1967	natively.
1968		2167
1969	The pure perl implementation is hit in a few sweet spots (both the	2168	The pure perl implementation is hit in a few sweet spots (both the
1970	constant timeout and the use of a single fd hit optimisations in the perl	2169	constant timeout and the use of a single fd hit optimisations in the perl
1971	interpreter and the backend itself). Nevertheless this shows that it	2170	interpreter and the backend itself). Nevertheless this shows that it
1972	adds very little overhead in itself. Like any select-based backend its	2171	adds very little overhead in itself. Like any select-based backend its
…		…
2046	In this benchmark, we use 10000 socket pairs (20000 sockets), of which 100	2245	In this benchmark, we use 10000 socket pairs (20000 sockets), of which 100
2047	(1%) are active. This mirrors the activity of large servers with many	2246	(1%) are active. This mirrors the activity of large servers with many
2048	connections, most of which are idle at any one point in time.	2247	connections, most of which are idle at any one point in time.
2049		2248
2050	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench2> in the AnyEvent	2249	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench2> in the AnyEvent
2051	distribution.	2250	distribution. It uses the L<AE> interface, which makes a real difference
		2251	for the EV and Perl backends only.
2052		2252
2053	=head3 Explanation of the columns	2253	=head3 Explanation of the columns
2054		2254
2055	I<sockets> is the number of sockets, and twice the number of "servers" (as	2255	I<sockets> is the number of sockets, and twice the number of "servers" (as
2056	each server has a read and write socket end).	2256	each server has a read and write socket end).
…		…
2064	a new one that moves the timeout into the future.	2264	a new one that moves the timeout into the future.
2065		2265
2066	=head3 Results	2266	=head3 Results
2067		2267
2068	name sockets create request	2268	name sockets create request
2069	EV 20000 69.01 11.16	2269	EV 20000 62.66 7.99
2070	Perl 20000 73.32 35.87	2270	Perl 20000 68.32 32.64
2071	IOAsync 20000 157.00 98.14 epoll	2271	IOAsync 20000 174.06 101.15 epoll
2072	IOAsync 20000 159.31 616.06 poll	2272	IOAsync 20000 174.67 610.84 poll
2073	Event 20000 212.62 257.32	2273	Event 20000 202.69 242.91
2074	Glib 20000 651.16 1896.30	2274	Glib 20000 557.01 1689.52
2075	POE 20000 349.67 12317.24 uses POE::Loop::Event	2275	POE 20000 341.54 12086.32 uses POE::Loop::Event
2076		2276
2077	=head3 Discussion	2277	=head3 Discussion
2078		2278
2079	This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the	2279	This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the
2080	particular event loop.	2280	particular event loop.
…		…
2206	As you can see, the AnyEvent + EV combination even beats the	2406	As you can see, the AnyEvent + EV combination even beats the
2207	hand-optimised "raw sockets benchmark", while AnyEvent + its pure perl	2407	hand-optimised "raw sockets benchmark", while AnyEvent + its pure perl
2208	backend easily beats IO::Lambda and POE.	2408	backend easily beats IO::Lambda and POE.
2209		2409
2210	And even the 100% non-blocking version written using the high-level (and	2410	And even the 100% non-blocking version written using the high-level (and
2211	slow :) L<AnyEvent::Handle> abstraction beats both POE and IO::Lambda by a	2411	slow :) L<AnyEvent::Handle> abstraction beats both POE and IO::Lambda
2212	large margin, even though it does all of DNS, tcp-connect and socket I/O	2412	higher level ("unoptimised") abstractions by a large margin, even though
2213	in a non-blocking way.	2413	it does all of DNS, tcp-connect and socket I/O in a non-blocking way.
2214		2414
2215	The two AnyEvent benchmarks programs can be found as F<eg/ae0.pl> and	2415	The two AnyEvent benchmarks programs can be found as F<eg/ae0.pl> and
2216	F<eg/ae2.pl> in the AnyEvent distribution, the remaining benchmarks are	2416	F<eg/ae2.pl> in the AnyEvent distribution, the remaining benchmarks are
2217	part of the IO::lambda distribution and were used without any changes.	2417	part of the IO::Lambda distribution and were used without any changes.
2218		2418
2219		2419
2220	=head1 SIGNALS	2420	=head1 SIGNALS
2221		2421
2222	AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals:	2422	AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals:
…		…
2264	it's built-in modules) are required to use it.	2464	it's built-in modules) are required to use it.
2265		2465
2266	That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional	2466	That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional
2267	modules if they are installed.	2467	modules if they are installed.
2268		2468
2269	This section epxlains which additional modules will be used, and how they	2469	This section explains which additional modules will be used, and how they
2270	affect AnyEvent's operetion.	2470	affect AnyEvent's operation.
2271		2471
2272	=over 4	2472	=over 4
2273		2473
2274	=item L<Async::Interrupt>	2474	=item L<Async::Interrupt>
2275		2475
…		…
2280	catch the signals) with some delay (default is 10 seconds, look for	2480	catch the signals) with some delay (default is 10 seconds, look for
2281	C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>).	2481	C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>).
2282		2482
2283	If this module is available, then it will be used to implement signal	2483	If this module is available, then it will be used to implement signal
2284	catching, which means that signals will not be delayed, and the event loop	2484	catching, which means that signals will not be delayed, and the event loop
2285	will not be interrupted regularly, which is more efficient (And good for	2485	will not be interrupted regularly, which is more efficient (and good for
2286	battery life on laptops).	2486	battery life on laptops).
2287		2487
2288	This affects not just the pure-perl event loop, but also other event loops	2488	This affects not just the pure-perl event loop, but also other event loops
2289	that have no signal handling on their own (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt).	2489	that have no signal handling on their own (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt).
2290		2490
…		…
2311	lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is	2511	lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is
2312	purely used for performance.	2512	purely used for performance.
2313		2513
2314	=item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS>	2514	=item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS>
2315		2515
2316	This module is required when you want to read or write JSON data via	2516	One of these modules is required when you want to read or write JSON data
2317	L<AnyEvent::Handle>. It is also written in pure-perl, but can take	2517	via L<AnyEvent::Handle>. It is also written in pure-perl, but can take
2318	advantage of the ulta-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed.	2518	advantage of the ultra-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed.
2319		2519
2320	In fact, L<AnyEvent::Handle> will use L<JSON::XS> by default if it is	2520	In fact, L<AnyEvent::Handle> will use L<JSON::XS> by default if it is
2321	installed.	2521	installed.
2322		2522
2323	=item L<Net::SSLeay>	2523	=item L<Net::SSLeay>
…		…
2337		2537
2338		2538
2339	=head1 FORK	2539	=head1 FORK
2340		2540
2341	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are	2541	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are
2342	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll>	2542	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll> calls
2343	calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware.	2543	- higher performance APIs such as BSD's kqueue or the dreaded Linux epoll
		2544	are usually badly thought-out hacks that are incompatible with fork in
		2545	one way or another. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware and ensures that you
		2546	continue event-processing in both parent and child (or both, if you know
		2547	what you are doing).
		2548
		2549	This means that, in general, you cannot fork and do event processing in
		2550	the child if the event library was initialised before the fork (which
		2551	usually happens when the first AnyEvent watcher is created, or the library
		2552	is loaded).
2344		2553
2345	If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first	2554	If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first
2346	watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child OR you must do	2555	watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child OR you must do
2347	something completely out of the scope of AnyEvent.	2556	something completely out of the scope of AnyEvent.
		2557
		2558	The problem of doing event processing in the parent I<and> the child
		2559	is much more complicated: even for backends that I<are> fork-aware or
		2560	fork-safe, their behaviour is not usually what you want: fork clones all
		2561	watchers, that means all timers, I/O watchers etc. are active in both
		2562	parent and child, which is almost never what you want. USing C<exec>
		2563	to start worker children from some kind of manage rprocess is usually
		2564	preferred, because it is much easier and cleaner, at the expense of having
		2565	to have another binary.
2348		2566
2349		2567
2350	=head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS	2568	=head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
2351		2569
2352	AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via	2570	AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via
…		…
2390	L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>.	2608	L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>.
2391		2609
2392	Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>,	2610	Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>,
2393	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>,	2611	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>,
2394	L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>,	2612	L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>,
2395	L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>.	2613	L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>, L<Anyevent::Impl::Irssi>.
2396		2614
2397	Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and	2615	Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and
2398	servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>.	2616	servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>.
2399		2617
2400	Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>.	2618	Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>.

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Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents): Revision 1.247 by root, Sat Jul 18 22:24:17 2009 UTC vs. Revision 1.309 by root, Sat Dec 26 08:59:35 2009 UTC

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Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.247 by root, Sat Jul 18 22:24:17 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.309 by root, Sat Dec 26 08:59:35 2009 UTC