1 | =head1 NAME |
1 | =head1 NAME |
2 | |
2 | |
3 | AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops |
3 | AnyEvent - the DBI of event loop programming |
4 | |
4 | |
5 | EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt, POE - various supported event loops |
5 | EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Irssi, rxvt-unicode, IO::Async, Qt |
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6 | and POE are various supported event loops/environments. |
6 | |
7 | |
7 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
8 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
8 | |
9 | |
9 | use AnyEvent; |
10 | use AnyEvent; |
10 | |
11 | |
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12 | # file descriptor readable |
11 | my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r|w", cb => sub { ... }); |
13 | my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r", cb => sub { ... }); |
12 | |
14 | |
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15 | # one-shot or repeating timers |
13 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { ... }); |
16 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { ... }); |
14 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, interval => $seconds, cb => ... |
17 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, interval => $seconds, cb => ... |
15 | |
18 | |
16 | print AnyEvent->now; # prints current event loop time |
19 | print AnyEvent->now; # prints current event loop time |
17 | print AnyEvent->time; # think Time::HiRes::time or simply CORE::time. |
20 | print AnyEvent->time; # think Time::HiRes::time or simply CORE::time. |
18 | |
21 | |
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22 | # POSIX signal |
19 | my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "TERM", cb => sub { ... }); |
23 | my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "TERM", cb => sub { ... }); |
20 | |
24 | |
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25 | # child process exit |
21 | my $w = AnyEvent->child (pid => $pid, cb => sub { |
26 | my $w = AnyEvent->child (pid => $pid, cb => sub { |
22 | my ($pid, $status) = @_; |
27 | my ($pid, $status) = @_; |
23 | ... |
28 | ... |
24 | }); |
29 | }); |
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30 | |
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31 | # called when event loop idle (if applicable) |
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32 | my $w = AnyEvent->idle (cb => sub { ... }); |
25 | |
33 | |
26 | my $w = AnyEvent->condvar; # stores whether a condition was flagged |
34 | my $w = AnyEvent->condvar; # stores whether a condition was flagged |
27 | $w->send; # wake up current and all future recv's |
35 | $w->send; # wake up current and all future recv's |
28 | $w->recv; # enters "main loop" till $condvar gets ->send |
36 | $w->recv; # enters "main loop" till $condvar gets ->send |
29 | # use a condvar in callback mode: |
37 | # use a condvar in callback mode: |
… | |
… | |
32 | =head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL |
40 | =head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL |
33 | |
41 | |
34 | This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested |
42 | This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested |
35 | in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the |
43 | in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the |
36 | L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage. |
44 | L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage. |
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45 | |
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46 | =head1 SUPPORT |
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47 | |
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48 | There is a mailinglist for discussing all things AnyEvent, and an IRC |
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49 | channel, too. |
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50 | |
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51 | See the AnyEvent project page at the B<Schmorpforge Ta-Sa Software |
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52 | Repository>, at L<http://anyevent.schmorp.de>, for more info. |
37 | |
53 | |
38 | =head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT) |
54 | =head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT) |
39 | |
55 | |
40 | Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen |
56 | Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen |
41 | nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent? |
57 | nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent? |
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168 | =head2 I/O WATCHERS |
184 | =head2 I/O WATCHERS |
169 | |
185 | |
170 | You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method |
186 | You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method |
171 | with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments: |
187 | with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments: |
172 | |
188 | |
173 | C<fh> the Perl I<file handle> (I<not> file descriptor) to watch for events |
189 | C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch |
174 | (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file handle). C<poll> |
190 | for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file |
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191 | handle). Note that only file handles pointing to things for which |
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192 | non-blocking operation makes sense are allowed. This includes sockets, |
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193 | most character devices, pipes, fifos and so on, but not for example files |
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194 | or block devices. |
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195 | |
175 | must be a string that is either C<r> or C<w>, which creates a watcher |
196 | C<poll> must be a string that is either C<r> or C<w>, which creates a |
176 | waiting for "r"eadable or "w"ritable events, respectively. C<cb> is the |
197 | watcher waiting for "r"eadable or "w"ritable events, respectively. |
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198 | |
177 | callback to invoke each time the file handle becomes ready. |
199 | C<cb> is the callback to invoke each time the file handle becomes ready. |
178 | |
200 | |
179 | Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and |
201 | Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and |
180 | presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent |
202 | presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent |
181 | callbacks cannot use arguments passed to I/O watcher callbacks. |
203 | callbacks cannot use arguments passed to I/O watcher callbacks. |
182 | |
204 | |
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314 | In either case, if you care (and in most cases, you don't), then you |
336 | In either case, if you care (and in most cases, you don't), then you |
315 | can get whatever behaviour you want with any event loop, by taking the |
337 | can get whatever behaviour you want with any event loop, by taking the |
316 | difference between C<< AnyEvent->time >> and C<< AnyEvent->now >> into |
338 | difference between C<< AnyEvent->time >> and C<< AnyEvent->now >> into |
317 | account. |
339 | account. |
318 | |
340 | |
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341 | =item AnyEvent->now_update |
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342 | |
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343 | Some event loops (such as L<EV> or L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) cache |
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344 | the current time for each loop iteration (see the discussion of L<< |
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345 | AnyEvent->now >>, above). |
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346 | |
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347 | When a callback runs for a long time (or when the process sleeps), then |
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348 | this "current" time will differ substantially from the real time, which |
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349 | might affect timers and time-outs. |
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350 | |
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351 | When this is the case, you can call this method, which will update the |
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352 | event loop's idea of "current time". |
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353 | |
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354 | Note that updating the time I<might> cause some events to be handled. |
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355 | |
319 | =back |
356 | =back |
320 | |
357 | |
321 | =head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS |
358 | =head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS |
322 | |
359 | |
323 | You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal |
360 | You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal |
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332 | invocation, and callback invocation will be synchronous. Synchronous means |
369 | invocation, and callback invocation will be synchronous. Synchronous means |
333 | that it might take a while until the signal gets handled by the process, |
370 | that it might take a while until the signal gets handled by the process, |
334 | but it is guaranteed not to interrupt any other callbacks. |
371 | but it is guaranteed not to interrupt any other callbacks. |
335 | |
372 | |
336 | The main advantage of using these watchers is that you can share a signal |
373 | The main advantage of using these watchers is that you can share a signal |
337 | between multiple watchers. |
374 | between multiple watchers, and AnyEvent will ensure that signals will not |
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375 | interrupt your program at bad times. |
338 | |
376 | |
339 | This watcher might use C<%SIG>, so programs overwriting those signals |
377 | This watcher might use C<%SIG> (depending on the event loop used), |
340 | directly will likely not work correctly. |
378 | so programs overwriting those signals directly will likely not work |
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379 | correctly. |
341 | |
380 | |
342 | Example: exit on SIGINT |
381 | Example: exit on SIGINT |
343 | |
382 | |
344 | my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 }); |
383 | my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 }); |
345 | |
384 | |
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385 | =head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds |
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386 | |
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387 | Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support attaching |
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388 | callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot do |
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389 | race-free signal handling in perl. AnyEvent will try to do it's best, but |
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390 | in some cases, signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might |
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391 | be delayed is specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10 |
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392 | seconds). This variable can be changed only before the first signal |
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393 | watcher is created, and should be left alone otherwise. Higher values |
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394 | will cause fewer spurious wake-ups, which is better for power and CPU |
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395 | saving. All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional |
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396 | L<Async::Interrupt> module. This will not work with inherently broken |
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397 | event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib> (and not with L<POE> |
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398 | currently, as POE does it's own workaround with one-second latency). With |
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399 | those, you just have to suffer the delays. |
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400 | |
346 | =head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS |
401 | =head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS |
347 | |
402 | |
348 | You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status. |
403 | You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status. |
349 | |
404 | |
350 | The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (if set to C<0>, it |
405 | The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (one some backends, |
351 | watches for any child process exit). The watcher will triggered only when |
406 | using C<0> watches for any child process exit, on others this will |
352 | the child process has finished and an exit status is available, not on |
407 | croak). The watcher will be triggered only when the child process has |
353 | any trace events (stopped/continued). |
408 | finished and an exit status is available, not on any trace events |
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409 | (stopped/continued). |
354 | |
410 | |
355 | The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by |
411 | The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by |
356 | waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher |
412 | waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher |
357 | callback arguments. |
413 | callback arguments. |
358 | |
414 | |
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363 | |
419 | |
364 | There is a slight catch to child watchers, however: you usually start them |
420 | There is a slight catch to child watchers, however: you usually start them |
365 | I<after> the child process was created, and this means the process could |
421 | I<after> the child process was created, and this means the process could |
366 | have exited already (and no SIGCHLD will be sent anymore). |
422 | have exited already (and no SIGCHLD will be sent anymore). |
367 | |
423 | |
368 | Not all event models handle this correctly (POE doesn't), but even for |
424 | Not all event models handle this correctly (neither POE nor IO::Async do, |
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425 | see their AnyEvent::Impl manpages for details), but even for event models |
369 | event models that I<do> handle this correctly, they usually need to be |
426 | that I<do> handle this correctly, they usually need to be loaded before |
370 | loaded before the process exits (i.e. before you fork in the first place). |
427 | the process exits (i.e. before you fork in the first place). AnyEvent's |
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428 | pure perl event loop handles all cases correctly regardless of when you |
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429 | start the watcher. |
371 | |
430 | |
372 | This means you cannot create a child watcher as the very first thing in an |
431 | This means you cannot create a child watcher as the very first |
373 | AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one watcher before you |
432 | thing in an AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one |
374 | C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call C<AnyEvent::detect>). |
433 | watcher before you C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call |
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434 | C<AnyEvent::detect>). |
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435 | |
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436 | As most event loops do not support waiting for child events, they will be |
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437 | emulated by AnyEvent in most cases, in which the latency and race problems |
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438 | mentioned in the description of signal watchers apply. |
375 | |
439 | |
376 | Example: fork a process and wait for it |
440 | Example: fork a process and wait for it |
377 | |
441 | |
378 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
442 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
379 | |
443 | |
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389 | ); |
453 | ); |
390 | |
454 | |
391 | # do something else, then wait for process exit |
455 | # do something else, then wait for process exit |
392 | $done->recv; |
456 | $done->recv; |
393 | |
457 | |
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458 | =head2 IDLE WATCHERS |
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459 | |
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460 | Sometimes there is a need to do something, but it is not so important |
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461 | to do it instantly, but only when there is nothing better to do. This |
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462 | "nothing better to do" is usually defined to be "no other events need |
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463 | attention by the event loop". |
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464 | |
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465 | Idle watchers ideally get invoked when the event loop has nothing |
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466 | better to do, just before it would block the process to wait for new |
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467 | events. Instead of blocking, the idle watcher is invoked. |
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468 | |
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469 | Most event loops unfortunately do not really support idle watchers (only |
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470 | EV, Event and Glib do it in a usable fashion) - for the rest, AnyEvent |
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471 | will simply call the callback "from time to time". |
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472 | |
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473 | Example: read lines from STDIN, but only process them when the |
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474 | program is otherwise idle: |
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475 | |
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476 | my @lines; # read data |
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477 | my $idle_w; |
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478 | my $io_w = AnyEvent->io (fh => \*STDIN, poll => 'r', cb => sub { |
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479 | push @lines, scalar <STDIN>; |
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480 | |
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481 | # start an idle watcher, if not already done |
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482 | $idle_w ||= AnyEvent->idle (cb => sub { |
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483 | # handle only one line, when there are lines left |
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484 | if (my $line = shift @lines) { |
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485 | print "handled when idle: $line"; |
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486 | } else { |
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487 | # otherwise disable the idle watcher again |
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488 | undef $idle_w; |
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489 | } |
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490 | }); |
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491 | }); |
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492 | |
394 | =head2 CONDITION VARIABLES |
493 | =head2 CONDITION VARIABLES |
395 | |
494 | |
396 | If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them |
495 | If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them |
397 | require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that |
496 | require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that |
398 | will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks. |
497 | will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks. |
399 | |
498 | |
400 | AnyEvent is different, it expects somebody else to run the event loop and |
499 | AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event |
401 | will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user). |
500 | loop and will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user). |
402 | |
501 | |
403 | The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called |
502 | The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called |
404 | because they represent a condition that must become true. |
503 | because they represent a condition that must become true. |
405 | |
504 | |
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505 | Now is probably a good time to look at the examples further below. |
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506 | |
406 | Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar |
507 | Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar |
407 | >> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is |
508 | >> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is |
408 | |
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409 | C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable |
509 | C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable |
410 | becomes true, with the condition variable as the first argument (but not |
510 | becomes true, with the condition variable as the first argument (but not |
411 | the results). |
511 | the results). |
412 | |
512 | |
413 | After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true" |
513 | After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true" |
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418 | Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can |
518 | Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can |
419 | optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points |
519 | optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points |
420 | in time where multiple outstanding events have been processed. And yet |
520 | in time where multiple outstanding events have been processed. And yet |
421 | another way to call them is transactions - each condition variable can be |
521 | another way to call them is transactions - each condition variable can be |
422 | used to represent a transaction, which finishes at some point and delivers |
522 | used to represent a transaction, which finishes at some point and delivers |
423 | a result. |
523 | a result. And yet some people know them as "futures" - a promise to |
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524 | compute/deliver something that you can wait for. |
424 | |
525 | |
425 | Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished, |
526 | Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished, |
426 | for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests, |
527 | for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests, |
427 | then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the |
528 | then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the |
428 | availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is |
529 | availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is |
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462 | after => 1, |
563 | after => 1, |
463 | cb => sub { $result_ready->send }, |
564 | cb => sub { $result_ready->send }, |
464 | ); |
565 | ); |
465 | |
566 | |
466 | # this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback |
567 | # this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback |
467 | # calls send |
568 | # calls -<send |
468 | $result_ready->recv; |
569 | $result_ready->recv; |
469 | |
570 | |
470 | Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that |
571 | Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition |
471 | condition variables are also code references. |
572 | variables are also callable directly. |
472 | |
573 | |
473 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
574 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
474 | my $delay = AnyEvent->timer (after => 5, cb => $done); |
575 | my $delay = AnyEvent->timer (after => 5, cb => $done); |
475 | $done->recv; |
576 | $done->recv; |
476 | |
577 | |
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482 | |
583 | |
483 | ... |
584 | ... |
484 | |
585 | |
485 | my @info = $couchdb->info->recv; |
586 | my @info = $couchdb->info->recv; |
486 | |
587 | |
487 | And this is how you would just ste a callback to be called whenever the |
588 | And this is how you would just set a callback to be called whenever the |
488 | results are available: |
589 | results are available: |
489 | |
590 | |
490 | $couchdb->info->cb (sub { |
591 | $couchdb->info->cb (sub { |
491 | my @info = $_[0]->recv; |
592 | my @info = $_[0]->recv; |
492 | }); |
593 | }); |
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510 | immediately from within send. |
611 | immediately from within send. |
511 | |
612 | |
512 | Any arguments passed to the C<send> call will be returned by all |
613 | Any arguments passed to the C<send> call will be returned by all |
513 | future C<< ->recv >> calls. |
614 | future C<< ->recv >> calls. |
514 | |
615 | |
515 | Condition variables are overloaded so one can call them directly |
616 | Condition variables are overloaded so one can call them directly (as if |
516 | (as a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling |
617 | they were a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling |
517 | C<send>. Note, however, that many C-based event loops do not handle |
618 | C<send>. |
518 | overloading, so as tempting as it may be, passing a condition variable |
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519 | instead of a callback does not work. Both the pure perl and EV loops |
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520 | support overloading, however, as well as all functions that use perl to |
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521 | invoke a callback (as in L<AnyEvent::Socket> and L<AnyEvent::DNS> for |
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522 | example). |
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523 | |
619 | |
524 | =item $cv->croak ($error) |
620 | =item $cv->croak ($error) |
525 | |
621 | |
526 | Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke |
622 | Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke |
527 | C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar. |
623 | C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar. |
528 | |
624 | |
529 | This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable |
625 | This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable |
530 | user/consumer. |
626 | user/consumer. Doing it this way instead of calling C<croak> directly |
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627 | delays the error detetcion, but has the overwhelmign advantage that it |
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628 | diagnoses the error at the place where the result is expected, and not |
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629 | deep in some event clalback without connection to the actual code causing |
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630 | the problem. |
531 | |
631 | |
532 | =item $cv->begin ([group callback]) |
632 | =item $cv->begin ([group callback]) |
533 | |
633 | |
534 | =item $cv->end |
634 | =item $cv->end |
535 | |
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536 | These two methods are EXPERIMENTAL and MIGHT CHANGE. |
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537 | |
635 | |
538 | These two methods can be used to combine many transactions/events into |
636 | These two methods can be used to combine many transactions/events into |
539 | one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want |
637 | one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want |
540 | to use a condition variable for the whole process. |
638 | to use a condition variable for the whole process. |
541 | |
639 | |
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543 | C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end |
641 | C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end |
544 | >>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback |
642 | >>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback |
545 | is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no |
643 | is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no |
546 | callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments. |
644 | callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments. |
547 | |
645 | |
548 | Let's clarify this with the ping example: |
646 | You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call |
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647 | sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND |
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648 | condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends). |
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649 | |
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650 | Let's start with a simple example: you have two I/O watchers (for example, |
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651 | STDOUT and STDERR for a program), and you want to wait for both streams to |
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652 | close before activating a condvar: |
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653 | |
|
|
654 | my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
|
|
655 | |
|
|
656 | $cv->begin; # first watcher |
|
|
657 | my $w1 = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh1, cb => sub { |
|
|
658 | defined sysread $fh1, my $buf, 4096 |
|
|
659 | or $cv->end; |
|
|
660 | }); |
|
|
661 | |
|
|
662 | $cv->begin; # second watcher |
|
|
663 | my $w2 = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh2, cb => sub { |
|
|
664 | defined sysread $fh2, my $buf, 4096 |
|
|
665 | or $cv->end; |
|
|
666 | }); |
|
|
667 | |
|
|
668 | $cv->recv; |
|
|
669 | |
|
|
670 | This works because for every event source (EOF on file handle), there is |
|
|
671 | one call to C<begin>, so the condvar waits for all calls to C<end> before |
|
|
672 | sending. |
|
|
673 | |
|
|
674 | The ping example mentioned above is slightly more complicated, as the |
|
|
675 | there are results to be passwd back, and the number of tasks that are |
|
|
676 | begung can potentially be zero: |
549 | |
677 | |
550 | my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
678 | my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
551 | |
679 | |
552 | my %result; |
680 | my %result; |
553 | $cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) }); |
681 | $cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) }); |
… | |
… | |
573 | loop, which serves two important purposes: first, it sets the callback |
701 | loop, which serves two important purposes: first, it sets the callback |
574 | to be called once the counter reaches C<0>, and second, it ensures that |
702 | to be called once the counter reaches C<0>, and second, it ensures that |
575 | C<send> is called even when C<no> hosts are being pinged (the loop |
703 | C<send> is called even when C<no> hosts are being pinged (the loop |
576 | doesn't execute once). |
704 | doesn't execute once). |
577 | |
705 | |
578 | This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple subrequests: |
706 | This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple (but |
579 | use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set the callback and ensure C<end> |
707 | potentially none) subrequests: use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set |
580 | is called at least once, and then, for each subrequest you start, call |
708 | the callback and ensure C<end> is called at least once, and then, for each |
581 | C<begin> and for each subrequest you finish, call C<end>. |
709 | subrequest you start, call C<begin> and for each subrequest you finish, |
|
|
710 | call C<end>. |
582 | |
711 | |
583 | =back |
712 | =back |
584 | |
713 | |
585 | =head3 METHODS FOR CONSUMERS |
714 | =head3 METHODS FOR CONSUMERS |
586 | |
715 | |
… | |
… | |
602 | function will call C<croak>. |
731 | function will call C<croak>. |
603 | |
732 | |
604 | In list context, all parameters passed to C<send> will be returned, |
733 | In list context, all parameters passed to C<send> will be returned, |
605 | in scalar context only the first one will be returned. |
734 | in scalar context only the first one will be returned. |
606 | |
735 | |
|
|
736 | Note that doing a blocking wait in a callback is not supported by any |
|
|
737 | event loop, that is, recursive invocation of a blocking C<< ->recv |
|
|
738 | >> is not allowed, and the C<recv> call will C<croak> if such a |
|
|
739 | condition is detected. This condition can be slightly loosened by using |
|
|
740 | L<Coro::AnyEvent>, which allows you to do a blocking C<< ->recv >> from |
|
|
741 | any thread that doesn't run the event loop itself. |
|
|
742 | |
607 | Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case |
743 | Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case |
608 | (programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are |
744 | (programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are |
609 | using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>, but let the |
745 | using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>. Instead, let the |
610 | caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling |
746 | caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling |
611 | condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting |
747 | condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting |
612 | callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block, |
748 | callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block, |
613 | while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires). |
749 | while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires). |
614 | |
750 | |
615 | Another reason I<never> to C<< ->recv >> in a module is that you cannot |
|
|
616 | sensibly have two C<< ->recv >>'s in parallel, as that would require |
|
|
617 | multiple interpreters or coroutines/threads, none of which C<AnyEvent> |
|
|
618 | can supply. |
|
|
619 | |
|
|
620 | The L<Coro> module, however, I<can> and I<does> supply coroutines and, in |
|
|
621 | fact, L<Coro::AnyEvent> replaces AnyEvent's condvars by coroutine-safe |
|
|
622 | versions and also integrates coroutines into AnyEvent, making blocking |
|
|
623 | C<< ->recv >> calls perfectly safe as long as they are done from another |
|
|
624 | coroutine (one that doesn't run the event loop). |
|
|
625 | |
|
|
626 | You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and |
751 | You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and |
627 | only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later |
752 | only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later |
628 | time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking |
753 | time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking |
629 | waits otherwise. |
754 | waits otherwise. |
630 | |
755 | |
… | |
… | |
643 | variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time |
768 | variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time |
644 | is guaranteed not to block. |
769 | is guaranteed not to block. |
645 | |
770 | |
646 | =back |
771 | =back |
647 | |
772 | |
|
|
773 | =head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS |
|
|
774 | |
|
|
775 | The available backend classes are (every class has its own manpage): |
|
|
776 | |
|
|
777 | =over 4 |
|
|
778 | |
|
|
779 | =item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found. |
|
|
780 | |
|
|
781 | EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in |
|
|
782 | use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will try Event, and, failing |
|
|
783 | that, will fall back to its own pure-perl implementation, which is |
|
|
784 | available everywhere as it comes with AnyEvent itself. |
|
|
785 | |
|
|
786 | AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice). |
|
|
787 | AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches. |
|
|
788 | AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable. |
|
|
789 | |
|
|
790 | =item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used. |
|
|
791 | |
|
|
792 | These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher |
|
|
793 | is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using |
|
|
794 | them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend |
|
|
795 | when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to |
|
|
796 | create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program. |
|
|
797 | |
|
|
798 | AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable. |
|
|
799 | AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken. |
|
|
800 | AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse. |
|
|
801 | AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations. |
|
|
802 | AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi used when running within irssi. |
|
|
803 | |
|
|
804 | =item Backends with special needs. |
|
|
805 | |
|
|
806 | Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will |
|
|
807 | otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program |
|
|
808 | instantiates the application before any AnyEvent watchers are created, |
|
|
809 | everything should just work. |
|
|
810 | |
|
|
811 | AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt. |
|
|
812 | |
|
|
813 | Support for IO::Async can only be partial, as it is too broken and |
|
|
814 | architecturally limited to even support the AnyEvent API. It also |
|
|
815 | is the only event loop that needs the loop to be set explicitly, so |
|
|
816 | it can only be used by a main program knowing about AnyEvent. See |
|
|
817 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::Async> for the gory details. |
|
|
818 | |
|
|
819 | AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync based on IO::Async, cannot be autoprobed. |
|
|
820 | |
|
|
821 | =item Event loops that are indirectly supported via other backends. |
|
|
822 | |
|
|
823 | Some event loops can be supported via other modules: |
|
|
824 | |
|
|
825 | There is no direct support for WxWidgets (L<Wx>) or L<Prima>. |
|
|
826 | |
|
|
827 | B<WxWidgets> has no support for watching file handles. However, you can |
|
|
828 | use WxWidgets through the POE adaptor, as POE has a Wx backend that simply |
|
|
829 | polls 20 times per second, which was considered to be too horrible to even |
|
|
830 | consider for AnyEvent. |
|
|
831 | |
|
|
832 | B<Prima> is not supported as nobody seems to be using it, but it has a POE |
|
|
833 | backend, so it can be supported through POE. |
|
|
834 | |
|
|
835 | AnyEvent knows about both L<Prima> and L<Wx>, however, and will try to |
|
|
836 | load L<POE> when detecting them, in the hope that POE will pick them up, |
|
|
837 | in which case everything will be automatic. |
|
|
838 | |
|
|
839 | =back |
|
|
840 | |
648 | =head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS |
841 | =head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS |
649 | |
842 | |
|
|
843 | These are not normally required to use AnyEvent, but can be useful to |
|
|
844 | write AnyEvent extension modules. |
|
|
845 | |
650 | =over 4 |
846 | =over 4 |
651 | |
847 | |
652 | =item $AnyEvent::MODEL |
848 | =item $AnyEvent::MODEL |
653 | |
849 | |
654 | Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created. Then it |
850 | Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created, before the |
|
|
851 | backend has been autodetected. |
|
|
852 | |
655 | contains the event model that is being used, which is the name of the |
853 | Afterwards it contains the event model that is being used, which is the |
656 | Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one of the |
854 | name of the Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one |
657 | C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the case |
855 | of the C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the |
658 | AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode>). |
856 | case AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode> it |
659 | |
857 | will be C<urxvt::anyevent>). |
660 | The known classes so far are: |
|
|
661 | |
|
|
662 | AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (an interface to libev, best choice). |
|
|
663 | AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, second best choice. |
|
|
664 | AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable. |
|
|
665 | AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, third-best choice. |
|
|
666 | AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very bad choice. |
|
|
667 | AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt, cannot be autoprobed (see its docs). |
|
|
668 | AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse. |
|
|
669 | AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, not generic enough for full support. |
|
|
670 | |
|
|
671 | There is no support for WxWidgets, as WxWidgets has no support for |
|
|
672 | watching file handles. However, you can use WxWidgets through the |
|
|
673 | POE Adaptor, as POE has a Wx backend that simply polls 20 times per |
|
|
674 | second, which was considered to be too horrible to even consider for |
|
|
675 | AnyEvent. Likewise, other POE backends can be used by AnyEvent by using |
|
|
676 | it's adaptor. |
|
|
677 | |
|
|
678 | AnyEvent knows about L<Prima> and L<Wx> and will try to use L<POE> when |
|
|
679 | autodetecting them. |
|
|
680 | |
858 | |
681 | =item AnyEvent::detect |
859 | =item AnyEvent::detect |
682 | |
860 | |
683 | Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model |
861 | Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model |
684 | if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would |
862 | if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would |
685 | have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at |
863 | have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at |
686 | runtime. |
864 | runtime, and not e.g. while initialising of your module. |
|
|
865 | |
|
|
866 | If you need to do some initialisation before AnyEvent watchers are |
|
|
867 | created, use C<post_detect>. |
687 | |
868 | |
688 | =item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK } |
869 | =item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK } |
689 | |
870 | |
690 | Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is |
871 | Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is |
691 | autodetected (or immediately if this has already happened). |
872 | autodetected (or immediately if this has already happened). |
692 | |
873 | |
|
|
874 | The block will be executed I<after> the actual backend has been detected |
|
|
875 | (C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> is set), but I<before> any watchers have been |
|
|
876 | created, so it is possible to e.g. patch C<@AnyEvent::ISA> or do |
|
|
877 | other initialisations - see the sources of L<AnyEvent::Strict> or |
|
|
878 | L<AnyEvent::AIO> to see how this is used. |
|
|
879 | |
|
|
880 | The most common usage is to create some global watchers, without forcing |
|
|
881 | event module detection too early, for example, L<AnyEvent::AIO> creates |
|
|
882 | and installs the global L<IO::AIO> watcher in a C<post_detect> block to |
|
|
883 | avoid autodetecting the event module at load time. |
|
|
884 | |
693 | If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object |
885 | If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object |
694 | that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed. See |
886 | that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed (or |
|
|
887 | C<undef> when the hook was immediately executed). See L<AnyEvent::AIO> for |
695 | L<Coro::BDB> for a case where this is useful. |
888 | a case where this is useful. |
|
|
889 | |
|
|
890 | Example: Create a watcher for the IO::AIO module and store it in |
|
|
891 | C<$WATCHER>. Only do so after the event loop is initialised, though. |
|
|
892 | |
|
|
893 | our WATCHER; |
|
|
894 | |
|
|
895 | my $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { |
|
|
896 | $WATCHER = AnyEvent->io (fh => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, poll => 'r', cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); |
|
|
897 | }; |
|
|
898 | |
|
|
899 | # the ||= is important in case post_detect immediately runs the block, |
|
|
900 | # as to not clobber the newly-created watcher. assigning both watcher and |
|
|
901 | # post_detect guard to the same variable has the advantage of users being |
|
|
902 | # able to just C<undef $WATCHER> if the watcher causes them grief. |
|
|
903 | |
|
|
904 | $WATCHER ||= $guard; |
696 | |
905 | |
697 | =item @AnyEvent::post_detect |
906 | =item @AnyEvent::post_detect |
698 | |
907 | |
699 | If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it |
908 | If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it |
700 | before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after |
909 | before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after |
701 | the event loop has been chosen. |
910 | the event loop has been chosen. |
702 | |
911 | |
703 | You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though: |
912 | You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though: |
704 | if it contains a true value then the event loop has already been detected, |
913 | if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the |
705 | and the array will be ignored. |
914 | array will be ignored. |
706 | |
915 | |
707 | Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> instead. |
916 | Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> when your application allows |
|
|
917 | it,as it takes care of these details. |
|
|
918 | |
|
|
919 | This variable is mainly useful for modules that can do something useful |
|
|
920 | when AnyEvent is used and thus want to know when it is initialised, but do |
|
|
921 | not need to even load it by default. This array provides the means to hook |
|
|
922 | into AnyEvent passively, without loading it. |
708 | |
923 | |
709 | =back |
924 | =back |
710 | |
925 | |
711 | =head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE |
926 | =head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE |
712 | |
927 | |
… | |
… | |
767 | |
982 | |
768 | |
983 | |
769 | =head1 OTHER MODULES |
984 | =head1 OTHER MODULES |
770 | |
985 | |
771 | The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use |
986 | The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use |
772 | AnyEvent and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent modules |
987 | AnyEvent as a client and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent |
773 | in the same program. Some of the modules come with AnyEvent, some are |
988 | modules and other event loops in the same program. Some of the modules |
774 | available via CPAN. |
989 | come with AnyEvent, most are available via CPAN. |
775 | |
990 | |
776 | =over 4 |
991 | =over 4 |
777 | |
992 | |
778 | =item L<AnyEvent::Util> |
993 | =item L<AnyEvent::Util> |
779 | |
994 | |
… | |
… | |
788 | |
1003 | |
789 | =item L<AnyEvent::Handle> |
1004 | =item L<AnyEvent::Handle> |
790 | |
1005 | |
791 | Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes, |
1006 | Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes, |
792 | supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and |
1007 | supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and |
793 | non-blocking SSL/TLS. |
1008 | non-blocking SSL/TLS (via L<AnyEvent::TLS>. |
794 | |
1009 | |
795 | =item L<AnyEvent::DNS> |
1010 | =item L<AnyEvent::DNS> |
796 | |
1011 | |
797 | Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities. |
1012 | Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities. |
798 | |
1013 | |
… | |
… | |
826 | |
1041 | |
827 | =item L<AnyEvent::GPSD> |
1042 | =item L<AnyEvent::GPSD> |
828 | |
1043 | |
829 | A non-blocking interface to gpsd, a daemon delivering GPS information. |
1044 | A non-blocking interface to gpsd, a daemon delivering GPS information. |
830 | |
1045 | |
|
|
1046 | =item L<AnyEvent::IRC> |
|
|
1047 | |
|
|
1048 | AnyEvent based IRC client module family (replacing the older Net::IRC3). |
|
|
1049 | |
|
|
1050 | =item L<AnyEvent::XMPP> |
|
|
1051 | |
|
|
1052 | AnyEvent based XMPP (Jabber protocol) module family (replacing the older |
|
|
1053 | Net::XMPP2>. |
|
|
1054 | |
831 | =item L<AnyEvent::IGS> |
1055 | =item L<AnyEvent::IGS> |
832 | |
1056 | |
833 | A non-blocking interface to the Internet Go Server protocol (used by |
1057 | A non-blocking interface to the Internet Go Server protocol (used by |
834 | L<App::IGS>). |
1058 | L<App::IGS>). |
835 | |
1059 | |
836 | =item L<AnyEvent::IRC> |
|
|
837 | |
|
|
838 | AnyEvent based IRC client module family (replacing the older Net::IRC3). |
|
|
839 | |
|
|
840 | =item L<Net::XMPP2> |
|
|
841 | |
|
|
842 | AnyEvent based XMPP (Jabber protocol) module family. |
|
|
843 | |
|
|
844 | =item L<Net::FCP> |
1060 | =item L<Net::FCP> |
845 | |
1061 | |
846 | AnyEvent-based implementation of the Freenet Client Protocol, birthplace |
1062 | AnyEvent-based implementation of the Freenet Client Protocol, birthplace |
847 | of AnyEvent. |
1063 | of AnyEvent. |
848 | |
1064 | |
… | |
… | |
852 | |
1068 | |
853 | =item L<Coro> |
1069 | =item L<Coro> |
854 | |
1070 | |
855 | Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>. |
1071 | Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>. |
856 | |
1072 | |
857 | =item L<IO::Lambda> |
|
|
858 | |
|
|
859 | The lambda approach to I/O - don't ask, look there. Can use AnyEvent. |
|
|
860 | |
|
|
861 | =back |
1073 | =back |
862 | |
1074 | |
863 | =cut |
1075 | =cut |
864 | |
1076 | |
865 | package AnyEvent; |
1077 | package AnyEvent; |
866 | |
1078 | |
|
|
1079 | # basically a tuned-down version of common::sense |
|
|
1080 | sub common_sense { |
867 | no warnings; |
1081 | # no warnings |
|
|
1082 | ${^WARNING_BITS} ^= ${^WARNING_BITS}; |
868 | use strict qw(vars subs); |
1083 | # use strict vars subs |
|
|
1084 | $^H |= 0x00000600; |
|
|
1085 | } |
869 | |
1086 | |
|
|
1087 | BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense } |
|
|
1088 | |
870 | use Carp; |
1089 | use Carp (); |
871 | |
1090 | |
872 | our $VERSION = 4.341; |
1091 | our $VERSION = 4.881; |
873 | our $MODEL; |
1092 | our $MODEL; |
874 | |
1093 | |
875 | our $AUTOLOAD; |
1094 | our $AUTOLOAD; |
876 | our @ISA; |
1095 | our @ISA; |
877 | |
1096 | |
878 | our @REGISTRY; |
1097 | our @REGISTRY; |
879 | |
1098 | |
880 | our $WIN32; |
1099 | our $WIN32; |
881 | |
1100 | |
|
|
1101 | our $VERBOSE; |
|
|
1102 | |
882 | BEGIN { |
1103 | BEGIN { |
883 | my $win32 = ! ! ($^O =~ /mswin32/i); |
1104 | eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }"; |
884 | eval "sub WIN32(){ $win32 }"; |
1105 | eval "sub TAINT(){ " . (${^TAINT}*1) . " }"; |
885 | } |
|
|
886 | |
1106 | |
|
|
1107 | delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV} |
|
|
1108 | if ${^TAINT}; |
|
|
1109 | |
887 | our $verbose = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1; |
1110 | $VERBOSE = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1; |
|
|
1111 | |
|
|
1112 | } |
|
|
1113 | |
|
|
1114 | our $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY = 10; |
888 | |
1115 | |
889 | our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4|ipv6) => (1|2), higher numbers are preferred |
1116 | our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4|ipv6) => (1|2), higher numbers are preferred |
890 | |
1117 | |
891 | { |
1118 | { |
892 | my $idx; |
1119 | my $idx; |
… | |
… | |
894 | for reverse split /\s*,\s*/, |
1121 | for reverse split /\s*,\s*/, |
895 | $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} || "ipv4,ipv6"; |
1122 | $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} || "ipv4,ipv6"; |
896 | } |
1123 | } |
897 | |
1124 | |
898 | my @models = ( |
1125 | my @models = ( |
899 | [EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV::], |
1126 | [EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV:: , 1], |
900 | [Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::], |
1127 | [Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::, 1], |
901 | [AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::], |
1128 | [AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: , 1], |
902 | # everything below here will not be autoprobed |
1129 | # everything below here will not (normally) be autoprobed |
903 | # as the pureperl backend should work everywhere |
1130 | # as the pureperl backend should work everywhere |
904 | # and is usually faster |
1131 | # and is usually faster |
|
|
1132 | [Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib:: , 1], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers |
|
|
1133 | [Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy |
|
|
1134 | [Irssi:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi::], # Irssi has a bogus "Event" package |
905 | [Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles |
1135 | [Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles |
906 | [Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers |
|
|
907 | [Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy |
|
|
908 | [Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program |
1136 | [Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program |
909 | [POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza |
1137 | [POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza |
910 | [Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
1138 | [Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
911 | [Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
1139 | [Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
|
|
1140 | # IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its |
|
|
1141 | # byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others. |
|
|
1142 | # IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any |
|
|
1143 | # obvious default class. |
|
|
1144 | # [0, IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program |
|
|
1145 | # [0, IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program |
|
|
1146 | # [0, IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program |
912 | ); |
1147 | ); |
913 | |
1148 | |
914 | our %method = map +($_ => 1), qw(io timer time now signal child condvar one_event DESTROY); |
1149 | our %method = map +($_ => 1), |
|
|
1150 | qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY); |
915 | |
1151 | |
916 | our @post_detect; |
1152 | our @post_detect; |
917 | |
1153 | |
918 | sub post_detect(&) { |
1154 | sub post_detect(&) { |
919 | my ($cb) = @_; |
1155 | my ($cb) = @_; |
920 | |
1156 | |
921 | if ($MODEL) { |
1157 | if ($MODEL) { |
922 | $cb->(); |
1158 | $cb->(); |
923 | |
1159 | |
924 | 1 |
1160 | undef |
925 | } else { |
1161 | } else { |
926 | push @post_detect, $cb; |
1162 | push @post_detect, $cb; |
927 | |
1163 | |
928 | defined wantarray |
1164 | defined wantarray |
929 | ? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::PostDetect" |
1165 | ? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect" |
930 | : () |
1166 | : () |
931 | } |
1167 | } |
932 | } |
1168 | } |
933 | |
1169 | |
934 | sub AnyEvent::Util::PostDetect::DESTROY { |
1170 | sub AnyEvent::Util::postdetect::DESTROY { |
935 | @post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect; |
1171 | @post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect; |
936 | } |
1172 | } |
937 | |
1173 | |
938 | sub detect() { |
1174 | sub detect() { |
939 | unless ($MODEL) { |
1175 | unless ($MODEL) { |
940 | no strict 'refs'; |
|
|
941 | local $SIG{__DIE__}; |
1176 | local $SIG{__DIE__}; |
942 | |
1177 | |
943 | if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) { |
1178 | if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) { |
944 | my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1"; |
1179 | my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1"; |
945 | if (eval "require $model") { |
1180 | if (eval "require $model") { |
946 | $MODEL = $model; |
1181 | $MODEL = $model; |
947 | warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL), using it.\n" if $verbose > 1; |
1182 | warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}), using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2; |
948 | } else { |
1183 | } else { |
949 | warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL):\n$@" if $verbose; |
1184 | warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}):\n$@" if $VERBOSE; |
950 | } |
1185 | } |
951 | } |
1186 | } |
952 | |
1187 | |
953 | # check for already loaded models |
1188 | # check for already loaded models |
954 | unless ($MODEL) { |
1189 | unless ($MODEL) { |
955 | for (@REGISTRY, @models) { |
1190 | for (@REGISTRY, @models) { |
956 | my ($package, $model) = @$_; |
1191 | my ($package, $model) = @$_; |
957 | if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) { |
1192 | if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) { |
958 | if (eval "require $model") { |
1193 | if (eval "require $model") { |
959 | $MODEL = $model; |
1194 | $MODEL = $model; |
960 | warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $verbose > 1; |
1195 | warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2; |
961 | last; |
1196 | last; |
962 | } |
1197 | } |
963 | } |
1198 | } |
964 | } |
1199 | } |
965 | |
1200 | |
966 | unless ($MODEL) { |
1201 | unless ($MODEL) { |
967 | # try to load a model |
1202 | # try to autoload a model |
968 | |
|
|
969 | for (@REGISTRY, @models) { |
1203 | for (@REGISTRY, @models) { |
970 | my ($package, $model) = @$_; |
1204 | my ($package, $model, $autoload) = @$_; |
|
|
1205 | if ( |
|
|
1206 | $autoload |
971 | if (eval "require $package" |
1207 | and eval "require $package" |
972 | and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0 |
1208 | and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0 |
973 | and eval "require $model") { |
1209 | and eval "require $model" |
|
|
1210 | ) { |
974 | $MODEL = $model; |
1211 | $MODEL = $model; |
975 | warn "AnyEvent: autoprobed model '$model', using it.\n" if $verbose > 1; |
1212 | warn "AnyEvent: autoloaded model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2; |
976 | last; |
1213 | last; |
977 | } |
1214 | } |
978 | } |
1215 | } |
979 | |
1216 | |
980 | $MODEL |
1217 | $MODEL |
981 | or die "No event module selected for AnyEvent and autodetect failed. Install any one of these modules: EV, Event or Glib."; |
1218 | or die "No event module selected for AnyEvent and autodetect failed. Install any one of these modules: EV, Event or Glib.\n"; |
982 | } |
1219 | } |
983 | } |
1220 | } |
984 | |
1221 | |
985 | push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base"; |
1222 | push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base"; |
986 | |
1223 | |
… | |
… | |
996 | |
1233 | |
997 | sub AUTOLOAD { |
1234 | sub AUTOLOAD { |
998 | (my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://; |
1235 | (my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://; |
999 | |
1236 | |
1000 | $method{$func} |
1237 | $method{$func} |
1001 | or croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects"; |
1238 | or Carp::croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects"; |
1002 | |
1239 | |
1003 | detect unless $MODEL; |
1240 | detect unless $MODEL; |
1004 | |
1241 | |
1005 | my $class = shift; |
1242 | my $class = shift; |
1006 | $class->$func (@_); |
1243 | $class->$func (@_); |
1007 | } |
1244 | } |
1008 | |
1245 | |
1009 | # utility function to dup a filehandle. this is used by many backends |
1246 | # utility function to dup a filehandle. this is used by many backends |
1010 | # to support binding more than one watcher per filehandle (they usually |
1247 | # to support binding more than one watcher per filehandle (they usually |
1011 | # allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one). |
1248 | # allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one). |
1012 | sub _dupfh($$$$) { |
1249 | sub _dupfh($$;$$) { |
1013 | my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_; |
1250 | my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_; |
1014 | |
1251 | |
1015 | # cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't |
1252 | # cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't |
1016 | my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<") |
1253 | my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<&") : ($w, ">&"); |
1017 | : $poll eq "w" ? ($w, ">") |
|
|
1018 | : Carp::croak "AnyEvent->io requires poll set to either 'r' or 'w'"; |
|
|
1019 | |
1254 | |
1020 | open my $fh2, "$mode&" . fileno $fh |
1255 | open my $fh2, $mode, $fh |
1021 | or die "cannot dup() filehandle: $!"; |
1256 | or die "AnyEvent->io: cannot dup() filehandle in mode '$poll': $!,"; |
1022 | |
1257 | |
1023 | # we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases |
1258 | # we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases |
1024 | |
1259 | |
1025 | ($fh2, $rw) |
1260 | ($fh2, $rw) |
1026 | } |
1261 | } |
1027 | |
1262 | |
1028 | package AnyEvent::Base; |
1263 | package AnyEvent::Base; |
1029 | |
1264 | |
1030 | # default implementation for now and time |
1265 | # default implementations for many methods |
1031 | |
1266 | |
1032 | BEGIN { |
1267 | sub _time { |
|
|
1268 | # probe for availability of Time::HiRes |
1033 | if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); time (); 1") { |
1269 | if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") { |
|
|
1270 | warn "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8; |
1034 | *_time = \&Time::HiRes::time; |
1271 | *_time = \&Time::HiRes::time; |
1035 | # if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())... |
1272 | # if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())... |
1036 | } else { |
1273 | } else { |
|
|
1274 | warn "AnyEvent: using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!\n" if $VERBOSE; |
1037 | *_time = sub { time }; # epic fail |
1275 | *_time = sub { time }; # epic fail |
1038 | } |
1276 | } |
|
|
1277 | |
|
|
1278 | &_time |
1039 | } |
1279 | } |
1040 | |
1280 | |
1041 | sub time { _time } |
1281 | sub time { _time } |
1042 | sub now { _time } |
1282 | sub now { _time } |
|
|
1283 | sub now_update { } |
1043 | |
1284 | |
1044 | # default implementation for ->condvar |
1285 | # default implementation for ->condvar |
1045 | |
1286 | |
1046 | sub condvar { |
1287 | sub condvar { |
1047 | bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, AnyEvent::CondVar:: |
1288 | bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar" |
1048 | } |
1289 | } |
1049 | |
1290 | |
1050 | # default implementation for ->signal |
1291 | # default implementation for ->signal |
1051 | |
1292 | |
|
|
1293 | our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT; |
|
|
1294 | |
|
|
1295 | sub _have_async_interrupt() { |
|
|
1296 | $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT = 1*(!$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT} |
|
|
1297 | && eval "use Async::Interrupt 1.0 (); 1") |
|
|
1298 | unless defined $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT; |
|
|
1299 | |
|
|
1300 | $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT |
|
|
1301 | } |
|
|
1302 | |
1052 | our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO); |
1303 | our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO); |
|
|
1304 | our (%SIG_ASY, %SIG_ASY_W); |
|
|
1305 | our ($SIG_COUNT, $SIG_TW); |
1053 | |
1306 | |
1054 | sub _signal_exec { |
1307 | sub _signal_exec { |
|
|
1308 | $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT |
|
|
1309 | ? $SIGPIPE_R->drain |
|
|
1310 | : sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 9; |
|
|
1311 | |
1055 | while (%SIG_EV) { |
1312 | while (%SIG_EV) { |
1056 | sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 4; |
|
|
1057 | for (keys %SIG_EV) { |
1313 | for (keys %SIG_EV) { |
1058 | delete $SIG_EV{$_}; |
1314 | delete $SIG_EV{$_}; |
1059 | $_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} || {} }; |
1315 | $_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} || {} }; |
1060 | } |
1316 | } |
1061 | } |
1317 | } |
1062 | } |
1318 | } |
1063 | |
1319 | |
|
|
1320 | # install a dummy wakeup watcher to reduce signal catching latency |
|
|
1321 | sub _sig_add() { |
|
|
1322 | unless ($SIG_COUNT++) { |
|
|
1323 | # try to align timer on a full-second boundary, if possible |
|
|
1324 | my $NOW = AnyEvent->now; |
|
|
1325 | |
|
|
1326 | $SIG_TW = AnyEvent->timer ( |
|
|
1327 | after => $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY - ($NOW - int $NOW), |
|
|
1328 | interval => $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY, |
|
|
1329 | cb => sub { }, # just for the PERL_ASYNC_CHECK |
|
|
1330 | ); |
|
|
1331 | } |
|
|
1332 | } |
|
|
1333 | |
|
|
1334 | sub _sig_del { |
|
|
1335 | undef $SIG_TW |
|
|
1336 | unless --$SIG_COUNT; |
|
|
1337 | } |
|
|
1338 | |
|
|
1339 | our %SIGNAME2NUM; |
|
|
1340 | our @SIGNUM2NAME; |
|
|
1341 | our $_sig_name_init; $_sig_name_init = sub { |
|
|
1342 | undef $_sig_name_init; |
|
|
1343 | |
|
|
1344 | if (_have_async_interrupt) { |
|
|
1345 | *sig2num = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2num; |
|
|
1346 | *sig2name = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2name; |
|
|
1347 | } else { |
|
|
1348 | require Config; |
|
|
1349 | |
|
|
1350 | @SIGNAME2NUM{ split ' ', $Config::Config{sig_name} } |
|
|
1351 | = split ' ', $Config::Config{sig_num}; |
|
|
1352 | @SIGNUM2NAME[values %SIGNAME2NUM] = keys %SIGNAME2NUM; |
|
|
1353 | |
|
|
1354 | *sig2num = sub($) { |
|
|
1355 | $_[0] > 0 ? shift : $SIGNAME2NUM{+shift} |
|
|
1356 | }; |
|
|
1357 | *sig2name = sub ($) { |
|
|
1358 | $_[0] > 0 ? $SIGNUM2NAME[+shift] : shift |
|
|
1359 | }; |
|
|
1360 | } |
|
|
1361 | }; |
|
|
1362 | |
|
|
1363 | sub sig2num ($) { &$_sig_name_init; &sig2num } |
|
|
1364 | sub sig2name($) { &$_sig_name_init; &sig2name } |
|
|
1365 | |
|
|
1366 | sub _signal { |
|
|
1367 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
|
|
1368 | |
|
|
1369 | my $signal = uc $arg{signal} |
|
|
1370 | or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing"; |
|
|
1371 | |
|
|
1372 | if ($HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT) { |
|
|
1373 | # async::interrupt |
|
|
1374 | |
|
|
1375 | $signal = sig2num $signal; |
|
|
1376 | $SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
|
|
1377 | |
|
|
1378 | $SIG_ASY{$signal} ||= new Async::Interrupt |
|
|
1379 | cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} }, |
|
|
1380 | signal => $signal, |
|
|
1381 | pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos], |
|
|
1382 | pipe_autodrain => 0, |
|
|
1383 | ; |
|
|
1384 | |
|
|
1385 | } else { |
|
|
1386 | # pure perl |
|
|
1387 | |
|
|
1388 | # AE::Util has been loaded in signal |
|
|
1389 | $signal = sig2name $signal; |
|
|
1390 | $SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
|
|
1391 | |
|
|
1392 | $SIG{$signal} ||= sub { |
|
|
1393 | local $!; |
|
|
1394 | syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV; |
|
|
1395 | undef $SIG_EV{$signal}; |
|
|
1396 | }; |
|
|
1397 | |
|
|
1398 | # can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl, |
|
|
1399 | # so limit the signal latency. |
|
|
1400 | _sig_add; |
|
|
1401 | } |
|
|
1402 | |
|
|
1403 | bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal" |
|
|
1404 | } |
|
|
1405 | |
1064 | sub signal { |
1406 | sub signal { |
1065 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1407 | # probe for availability of Async::Interrupt |
|
|
1408 | if (_have_async_interrupt) { |
|
|
1409 | warn "AnyEvent: using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8; |
1066 | |
1410 | |
1067 | unless ($SIGPIPE_R) { |
1411 | $SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe; |
|
|
1412 | $SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec); |
|
|
1413 | |
|
|
1414 | } else { |
|
|
1415 | warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8; |
|
|
1416 | |
|
|
1417 | require Fcntl; |
|
|
1418 | |
1068 | if (AnyEvent::WIN32) { |
1419 | if (AnyEvent::WIN32) { |
|
|
1420 | require AnyEvent::Util; |
|
|
1421 | |
1069 | ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe (); |
1422 | ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe (); |
1070 | AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R) if $SIGPIPE_R; |
1423 | AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R) if $SIGPIPE_R; |
1071 | AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case |
1424 | AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case |
1072 | } else { |
1425 | } else { |
1073 | pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W; |
1426 | pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W; |
1074 | require Fcntl; |
|
|
1075 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R; |
1427 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R; |
1076 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case |
1428 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case |
|
|
1429 | |
|
|
1430 | # not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure... |
|
|
1431 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC; |
|
|
1432 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC; |
1077 | } |
1433 | } |
1078 | |
1434 | |
1079 | $SIGPIPE_R |
1435 | $SIGPIPE_R |
1080 | or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n"; |
1436 | or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n"; |
1081 | |
1437 | |
1082 | $SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec); |
1438 | $SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec); |
1083 | } |
1439 | } |
1084 | |
1440 | |
1085 | my $signal = uc $arg{signal} |
1441 | *signal = \&_signal; |
1086 | or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing"; |
1442 | &signal |
1087 | |
|
|
1088 | $SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
|
|
1089 | $SIG{$signal} ||= sub { |
|
|
1090 | syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV; |
|
|
1091 | undef $SIG_EV{$signal}; |
|
|
1092 | }; |
|
|
1093 | |
|
|
1094 | bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::Signal" |
|
|
1095 | } |
1443 | } |
1096 | |
1444 | |
1097 | sub AnyEvent::Base::Signal::DESTROY { |
1445 | sub AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY { |
1098 | my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
1446 | my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
1099 | |
1447 | |
|
|
1448 | _sig_del; |
|
|
1449 | |
1100 | delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb}; |
1450 | delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb}; |
1101 | |
1451 | |
|
|
1452 | $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT |
|
|
1453 | ? delete $SIG_ASY{$signal} |
|
|
1454 | : # delete doesn't work with older perls - they then |
|
|
1455 | # print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit |
|
|
1456 | # instead of getting the default action. |
|
|
1457 | undef $SIG{$signal} |
1102 | delete $SIG{$signal} unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} }; |
1458 | unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} }; |
1103 | } |
1459 | } |
1104 | |
1460 | |
1105 | # default implementation for ->child |
1461 | # default implementation for ->child |
1106 | |
1462 | |
1107 | our %PID_CB; |
1463 | our %PID_CB; |
1108 | our $CHLD_W; |
1464 | our $CHLD_W; |
1109 | our $CHLD_DELAY_W; |
1465 | our $CHLD_DELAY_W; |
1110 | our $PID_IDLE; |
|
|
1111 | our $WNOHANG; |
1466 | our $WNOHANG; |
1112 | |
1467 | |
1113 | sub _child_wait { |
1468 | sub _emit_childstatus($$) { |
1114 | while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) { |
1469 | my (undef, $rpid, $rstatus) = @_; |
|
|
1470 | |
|
|
1471 | $_->($rpid, $rstatus) |
1115 | $_->($pid, $?) for (values %{ $PID_CB{$pid} || {} }), |
1472 | for values %{ $PID_CB{$rpid} || {} }, |
1116 | (values %{ $PID_CB{0} || {} }); |
1473 | values %{ $PID_CB{0} || {} }; |
1117 | } |
|
|
1118 | |
|
|
1119 | undef $PID_IDLE; |
|
|
1120 | } |
1474 | } |
1121 | |
1475 | |
1122 | sub _sigchld { |
1476 | sub _sigchld { |
1123 | # make sure we deliver these changes "synchronous" with the event loop. |
1477 | my $pid; |
1124 | $CHLD_DELAY_W ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => 0, cb => sub { |
1478 | |
1125 | undef $CHLD_DELAY_W; |
1479 | AnyEvent->_emit_childstatus ($pid, $?) |
1126 | &_child_wait; |
1480 | while ($pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG) > 0; |
1127 | }); |
|
|
1128 | } |
1481 | } |
1129 | |
1482 | |
1130 | sub child { |
1483 | sub child { |
1131 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1484 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1132 | |
1485 | |
1133 | defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0) |
1486 | defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0) |
1134 | or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing"; |
1487 | or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing"; |
1135 | |
1488 | |
1136 | $PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
1489 | $PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
1137 | |
1490 | |
1138 | unless ($WNOHANG) { |
1491 | # WNOHANG is almost cetrainly 1 everywhere |
|
|
1492 | $WNOHANG ||= $^O =~ /^(?:openbsd|netbsd|linux|freebsd|cygwin|MSWin32)$/ |
|
|
1493 | ? 1 |
1139 | $WNOHANG = eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } || 1; |
1494 | : eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } || 1; |
1140 | } |
|
|
1141 | |
1495 | |
1142 | unless ($CHLD_W) { |
1496 | unless ($CHLD_W) { |
1143 | $CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld); |
1497 | $CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld); |
1144 | # child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round |
1498 | # child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round |
1145 | &_sigchld; |
1499 | &_sigchld; |
1146 | } |
1500 | } |
1147 | |
1501 | |
1148 | bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::Child" |
1502 | bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child" |
1149 | } |
1503 | } |
1150 | |
1504 | |
1151 | sub AnyEvent::Base::Child::DESTROY { |
1505 | sub AnyEvent::Base::child::DESTROY { |
1152 | my ($pid, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
1506 | my ($pid, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
1153 | |
1507 | |
1154 | delete $PID_CB{$pid}{$cb}; |
1508 | delete $PID_CB{$pid}{$cb}; |
1155 | delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} }; |
1509 | delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} }; |
1156 | |
1510 | |
1157 | undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB; |
1511 | undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB; |
1158 | } |
1512 | } |
1159 | |
1513 | |
|
|
1514 | # idle emulation is done by simply using a timer, regardless |
|
|
1515 | # of whether the process is idle or not, and not letting |
|
|
1516 | # the callback use more than 50% of the time. |
|
|
1517 | sub idle { |
|
|
1518 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
|
|
1519 | |
|
|
1520 | my ($cb, $w, $rcb) = $arg{cb}; |
|
|
1521 | |
|
|
1522 | $rcb = sub { |
|
|
1523 | if ($cb) { |
|
|
1524 | $w = _time; |
|
|
1525 | &$cb; |
|
|
1526 | $w = _time - $w; |
|
|
1527 | |
|
|
1528 | # never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher, |
|
|
1529 | # within some limits |
|
|
1530 | $w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001; |
|
|
1531 | $w = 5 if $w > 5; |
|
|
1532 | |
|
|
1533 | $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $w, cb => $rcb); |
|
|
1534 | } else { |
|
|
1535 | # clean up... |
|
|
1536 | undef $w; |
|
|
1537 | undef $rcb; |
|
|
1538 | } |
|
|
1539 | }; |
|
|
1540 | |
|
|
1541 | $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 0.05, cb => $rcb); |
|
|
1542 | |
|
|
1543 | bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle" |
|
|
1544 | } |
|
|
1545 | |
|
|
1546 | sub AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY { |
|
|
1547 | undef $${$_[0]}; |
|
|
1548 | } |
|
|
1549 | |
1160 | package AnyEvent::CondVar; |
1550 | package AnyEvent::CondVar; |
1161 | |
1551 | |
1162 | our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::; |
1552 | our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::; |
1163 | |
1553 | |
1164 | package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base; |
1554 | package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base; |
1165 | |
1555 | |
1166 | use overload |
1556 | #use overload |
1167 | '&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } }, |
1557 | # '&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } }, |
1168 | fallback => 1; |
1558 | # fallback => 1; |
|
|
1559 | |
|
|
1560 | # save 300+ kilobytes by dirtily hardcoding overloading |
|
|
1561 | ${"AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::OVERLOAD"}{dummy}++; # Register with magic by touching. |
|
|
1562 | *{'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::()'} = sub { }; # "Make it findable via fetchmethod." |
|
|
1563 | *{'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::(&{}'} = sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } }; # &{} |
|
|
1564 | ${'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::()'} = 1; # fallback |
|
|
1565 | |
|
|
1566 | our $WAITING; |
1169 | |
1567 | |
1170 | sub _send { |
1568 | sub _send { |
1171 | # nop |
1569 | # nop |
1172 | } |
1570 | } |
1173 | |
1571 | |
… | |
… | |
1186 | sub ready { |
1584 | sub ready { |
1187 | $_[0]{_ae_sent} |
1585 | $_[0]{_ae_sent} |
1188 | } |
1586 | } |
1189 | |
1587 | |
1190 | sub _wait { |
1588 | sub _wait { |
|
|
1589 | $WAITING |
|
|
1590 | and !$_[0]{_ae_sent} |
|
|
1591 | and Carp::croak "AnyEvent::CondVar: recursive blocking wait detected"; |
|
|
1592 | |
|
|
1593 | local $WAITING = 1; |
1191 | AnyEvent->one_event while !$_[0]{_ae_sent}; |
1594 | AnyEvent->one_event while !$_[0]{_ae_sent}; |
1192 | } |
1595 | } |
1193 | |
1596 | |
1194 | sub recv { |
1597 | sub recv { |
1195 | $_[0]->_wait; |
1598 | $_[0]->_wait; |
… | |
… | |
1236 | so on. |
1639 | so on. |
1237 | |
1640 | |
1238 | =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES |
1641 | =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES |
1239 | |
1642 | |
1240 | The following environment variables are used by this module or its |
1643 | The following environment variables are used by this module or its |
1241 | submodules: |
1644 | submodules. |
|
|
1645 | |
|
|
1646 | Note that AnyEvent will remove I<all> environment variables starting with |
|
|
1647 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_> from C<%ENV> when it is loaded while taint mode is |
|
|
1648 | enabled. |
1242 | |
1649 | |
1243 | =over 4 |
1650 | =over 4 |
1244 | |
1651 | |
1245 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE> |
1652 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE> |
1246 | |
1653 | |
… | |
… | |
1253 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>. |
1660 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>. |
1254 | |
1661 | |
1255 | When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event |
1662 | When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event |
1256 | model it chooses. |
1663 | model it chooses. |
1257 | |
1664 | |
|
|
1665 | When set to C<8> or higher, then AnyEvent will report extra information on |
|
|
1666 | which optional modules it loads and how it implements certain features. |
|
|
1667 | |
1258 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT> |
1668 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT> |
1259 | |
1669 | |
1260 | AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough |
1670 | AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough |
1261 | argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value |
1671 | argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value |
1262 | will cause AnyEvent to load C<AnyEvent::Strict> and then to thoroughly |
1672 | will cause AnyEvent to load C<AnyEvent::Strict> and then to thoroughly |
1263 | check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems |
1673 | check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems, |
1264 | it will croak. |
1674 | it will croak. |
1265 | |
1675 | |
1266 | In other words, enables "strict" mode. |
1676 | In other words, enables "strict" mode. |
1267 | |
1677 | |
1268 | Unlike C<use strict>, it is definitely recommended ot keep it off in |
1678 | Unlike C<use strict> (or it's modern cousin, C<< use L<common::sense> |
1269 | production. Keeping C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while |
1679 | >>, it is definitely recommended to keep it off in production. Keeping |
1270 | developing programs can be very useful, however. |
1680 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while developing programs |
|
|
1681 | can be very useful, however. |
1271 | |
1682 | |
1272 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL> |
1683 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL> |
1273 | |
1684 | |
1274 | This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before |
1685 | This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before |
1275 | auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting |
1686 | auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting |
… | |
… | |
1318 | |
1729 | |
1319 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS> |
1730 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS> |
1320 | |
1731 | |
1321 | The maximum number of child processes that C<AnyEvent::Util::fork_call> |
1732 | The maximum number of child processes that C<AnyEvent::Util::fork_call> |
1322 | will create in parallel. |
1733 | will create in parallel. |
|
|
1734 | |
|
|
1735 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_OUTSTANDING_DNS> |
|
|
1736 | |
|
|
1737 | The default value for the C<max_outstanding> parameter for the default DNS |
|
|
1738 | resolver - this is the maximum number of parallel DNS requests that are |
|
|
1739 | sent to the DNS server. |
|
|
1740 | |
|
|
1741 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_RESOLV_CONF> |
|
|
1742 | |
|
|
1743 | The file to use instead of F</etc/resolv.conf> (or OS-specific |
|
|
1744 | configuration) in the default resolver. When set to the empty string, no |
|
|
1745 | default config will be used. |
|
|
1746 | |
|
|
1747 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_FILE>, C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_PATH>. |
|
|
1748 | |
|
|
1749 | When neither C<ca_file> nor C<ca_path> was specified during |
|
|
1750 | L<AnyEvent::TLS> context creation, and either of these environment |
|
|
1751 | variables exist, they will be used to specify CA certificate locations |
|
|
1752 | instead of a system-dependent default. |
|
|
1753 | |
|
|
1754 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_GUARD> and C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT> |
|
|
1755 | |
|
|
1756 | When these are set to C<1>, then the respective modules are not |
|
|
1757 | loaded. Mostly good for testing AnyEvent itself. |
1323 | |
1758 | |
1324 | =back |
1759 | =back |
1325 | |
1760 | |
1326 | =head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE |
1761 | =head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE |
1327 | |
1762 | |
… | |
… | |
1572 | EV/Any 100000 224 2.88 0.34 0.27 EV + AnyEvent watchers |
2007 | EV/Any 100000 224 2.88 0.34 0.27 EV + AnyEvent watchers |
1573 | CoroEV/Any 100000 224 2.85 0.35 0.28 coroutines + Coro::Signal |
2008 | CoroEV/Any 100000 224 2.85 0.35 0.28 coroutines + Coro::Signal |
1574 | Perl/Any 100000 452 4.13 0.73 0.95 pure perl implementation |
2009 | Perl/Any 100000 452 4.13 0.73 0.95 pure perl implementation |
1575 | Event/Event 16000 517 32.20 31.80 0.81 Event native interface |
2010 | Event/Event 16000 517 32.20 31.80 0.81 Event native interface |
1576 | Event/Any 16000 590 35.85 31.55 1.06 Event + AnyEvent watchers |
2011 | Event/Any 16000 590 35.85 31.55 1.06 Event + AnyEvent watchers |
|
|
2012 | IOAsync/Any 16000 989 38.10 32.77 11.13 via IO::Async::Loop::IO_Poll |
|
|
2013 | IOAsync/Any 16000 990 37.59 29.50 10.61 via IO::Async::Loop::Epoll |
1577 | Glib/Any 16000 1357 102.33 12.31 51.00 quadratic behaviour |
2014 | Glib/Any 16000 1357 102.33 12.31 51.00 quadratic behaviour |
1578 | Tk/Any 2000 1860 27.20 66.31 14.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers |
2015 | Tk/Any 2000 1860 27.20 66.31 14.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers |
1579 | POE/Event 2000 6328 109.99 751.67 14.02 via POE::Loop::Event |
2016 | POE/Event 2000 6328 109.99 751.67 14.02 via POE::Loop::Event |
1580 | POE/Select 2000 6027 94.54 809.13 579.80 via POE::Loop::Select |
2017 | POE/Select 2000 6027 94.54 809.13 579.80 via POE::Loop::Select |
1581 | |
2018 | |
… | |
… | |
1610 | performance becomes really bad with lots of file descriptors (and few of |
2047 | performance becomes really bad with lots of file descriptors (and few of |
1611 | them active), of course, but this was not subject of this benchmark. |
2048 | them active), of course, but this was not subject of this benchmark. |
1612 | |
2049 | |
1613 | The C<Event> module has a relatively high setup and callback invocation |
2050 | The C<Event> module has a relatively high setup and callback invocation |
1614 | cost, but overall scores in on the third place. |
2051 | cost, but overall scores in on the third place. |
|
|
2052 | |
|
|
2053 | C<IO::Async> performs admirably well, about on par with C<Event>, even |
|
|
2054 | when using its pure perl backend. |
1615 | |
2055 | |
1616 | C<Glib>'s memory usage is quite a bit higher, but it features a |
2056 | C<Glib>'s memory usage is quite a bit higher, but it features a |
1617 | faster callback invocation and overall ends up in the same class as |
2057 | faster callback invocation and overall ends up in the same class as |
1618 | C<Event>. However, Glib scales extremely badly, doubling the number of |
2058 | C<Event>. However, Glib scales extremely badly, doubling the number of |
1619 | watchers increases the processing time by more than a factor of four, |
2059 | watchers increases the processing time by more than a factor of four, |
… | |
… | |
1697 | it to another server. This includes deleting the old timeout and creating |
2137 | it to another server. This includes deleting the old timeout and creating |
1698 | a new one that moves the timeout into the future. |
2138 | a new one that moves the timeout into the future. |
1699 | |
2139 | |
1700 | =head3 Results |
2140 | =head3 Results |
1701 | |
2141 | |
1702 | name sockets create request |
2142 | name sockets create request |
1703 | EV 20000 69.01 11.16 |
2143 | EV 20000 69.01 11.16 |
1704 | Perl 20000 73.32 35.87 |
2144 | Perl 20000 73.32 35.87 |
|
|
2145 | IOAsync 20000 157.00 98.14 epoll |
|
|
2146 | IOAsync 20000 159.31 616.06 poll |
1705 | Event 20000 212.62 257.32 |
2147 | Event 20000 212.62 257.32 |
1706 | Glib 20000 651.16 1896.30 |
2148 | Glib 20000 651.16 1896.30 |
1707 | POE 20000 349.67 12317.24 uses POE::Loop::Event |
2149 | POE 20000 349.67 12317.24 uses POE::Loop::Event |
1708 | |
2150 | |
1709 | =head3 Discussion |
2151 | =head3 Discussion |
1710 | |
2152 | |
1711 | This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the |
2153 | This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the |
1712 | particular event loop. |
2154 | particular event loop. |
… | |
… | |
1714 | EV is again fastest. Since it is using epoll on my system, the setup time |
2156 | EV is again fastest. Since it is using epoll on my system, the setup time |
1715 | is relatively high, though. |
2157 | is relatively high, though. |
1716 | |
2158 | |
1717 | Perl surprisingly comes second. It is much faster than the C-based event |
2159 | Perl surprisingly comes second. It is much faster than the C-based event |
1718 | loops Event and Glib. |
2160 | loops Event and Glib. |
|
|
2161 | |
|
|
2162 | IO::Async performs very well when using its epoll backend, and still quite |
|
|
2163 | good compared to Glib when using its pure perl backend. |
1719 | |
2164 | |
1720 | Event suffers from high setup time as well (look at its code and you will |
2165 | Event suffers from high setup time as well (look at its code and you will |
1721 | understand why). Callback invocation also has a high overhead compared to |
2166 | understand why). Callback invocation also has a high overhead compared to |
1722 | the C<< $_->() for .. >>-style loop that the Perl event loop uses. Event |
2167 | the C<< $_->() for .. >>-style loop that the Perl event loop uses. Event |
1723 | uses select or poll in basically all documented configurations. |
2168 | uses select or poll in basically all documented configurations. |
… | |
… | |
1786 | =item * C-based event loops perform very well with small number of |
2231 | =item * C-based event loops perform very well with small number of |
1787 | watchers, as the management overhead dominates. |
2232 | watchers, as the management overhead dominates. |
1788 | |
2233 | |
1789 | =back |
2234 | =back |
1790 | |
2235 | |
|
|
2236 | =head2 THE IO::Lambda BENCHMARK |
|
|
2237 | |
|
|
2238 | Recently I was told about the benchmark in the IO::Lambda manpage, which |
|
|
2239 | could be misinterpreted to make AnyEvent look bad. In fact, the benchmark |
|
|
2240 | simply compares IO::Lambda with POE, and IO::Lambda looks better (which |
|
|
2241 | shouldn't come as a surprise to anybody). As such, the benchmark is |
|
|
2242 | fine, and mostly shows that the AnyEvent backend from IO::Lambda isn't |
|
|
2243 | very optimal. But how would AnyEvent compare when used without the extra |
|
|
2244 | baggage? To explore this, I wrote the equivalent benchmark for AnyEvent. |
|
|
2245 | |
|
|
2246 | The benchmark itself creates an echo-server, and then, for 500 times, |
|
|
2247 | connects to the echo server, sends a line, waits for the reply, and then |
|
|
2248 | creates the next connection. This is a rather bad benchmark, as it doesn't |
|
|
2249 | test the efficiency of the framework or much non-blocking I/O, but it is a |
|
|
2250 | benchmark nevertheless. |
|
|
2251 | |
|
|
2252 | name runtime |
|
|
2253 | Lambda/select 0.330 sec |
|
|
2254 | + optimized 0.122 sec |
|
|
2255 | Lambda/AnyEvent 0.327 sec |
|
|
2256 | + optimized 0.138 sec |
|
|
2257 | Raw sockets/select 0.077 sec |
|
|
2258 | POE/select, components 0.662 sec |
|
|
2259 | POE/select, raw sockets 0.226 sec |
|
|
2260 | POE/select, optimized 0.404 sec |
|
|
2261 | |
|
|
2262 | AnyEvent/select/nb 0.085 sec |
|
|
2263 | AnyEvent/EV/nb 0.068 sec |
|
|
2264 | +state machine 0.134 sec |
|
|
2265 | |
|
|
2266 | The benchmark is also a bit unfair (my fault): the IO::Lambda/POE |
|
|
2267 | benchmarks actually make blocking connects and use 100% blocking I/O, |
|
|
2268 | defeating the purpose of an event-based solution. All of the newly |
|
|
2269 | written AnyEvent benchmarks use 100% non-blocking connects (using |
|
|
2270 | AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect and the asynchronous pure perl DNS |
|
|
2271 | resolver), so AnyEvent is at a disadvantage here, as non-blocking connects |
|
|
2272 | generally require a lot more bookkeeping and event handling than blocking |
|
|
2273 | connects (which involve a single syscall only). |
|
|
2274 | |
|
|
2275 | The last AnyEvent benchmark additionally uses L<AnyEvent::Handle>, which |
|
|
2276 | offers similar expressive power as POE and IO::Lambda, using conventional |
|
|
2277 | Perl syntax. This means that both the echo server and the client are 100% |
|
|
2278 | non-blocking, further placing it at a disadvantage. |
|
|
2279 | |
|
|
2280 | As you can see, the AnyEvent + EV combination even beats the |
|
|
2281 | hand-optimised "raw sockets benchmark", while AnyEvent + its pure perl |
|
|
2282 | backend easily beats IO::Lambda and POE. |
|
|
2283 | |
|
|
2284 | And even the 100% non-blocking version written using the high-level (and |
|
|
2285 | slow :) L<AnyEvent::Handle> abstraction beats both POE and IO::Lambda by a |
|
|
2286 | large margin, even though it does all of DNS, tcp-connect and socket I/O |
|
|
2287 | in a non-blocking way. |
|
|
2288 | |
|
|
2289 | The two AnyEvent benchmarks programs can be found as F<eg/ae0.pl> and |
|
|
2290 | F<eg/ae2.pl> in the AnyEvent distribution, the remaining benchmarks are |
|
|
2291 | part of the IO::lambda distribution and were used without any changes. |
|
|
2292 | |
1791 | |
2293 | |
1792 | =head1 SIGNALS |
2294 | =head1 SIGNALS |
1793 | |
2295 | |
1794 | AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals: |
2296 | AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals: |
1795 | |
2297 | |
… | |
… | |
1798 | =item SIGCHLD |
2300 | =item SIGCHLD |
1799 | |
2301 | |
1800 | A handler for C<SIGCHLD> is installed by AnyEvent's child watcher |
2302 | A handler for C<SIGCHLD> is installed by AnyEvent's child watcher |
1801 | emulation for event loops that do not support them natively. Also, some |
2303 | emulation for event loops that do not support them natively. Also, some |
1802 | event loops install a similar handler. |
2304 | event loops install a similar handler. |
|
|
2305 | |
|
|
2306 | Additionally, when AnyEvent is loaded and SIGCHLD is set to IGNORE, then |
|
|
2307 | AnyEvent will reset it to default, to avoid losing child exit statuses. |
1803 | |
2308 | |
1804 | =item SIGPIPE |
2309 | =item SIGPIPE |
1805 | |
2310 | |
1806 | A no-op handler is installed for C<SIGPIPE> when C<$SIG{PIPE}> is C<undef> |
2311 | A no-op handler is installed for C<SIGPIPE> when C<$SIG{PIPE}> is C<undef> |
1807 | when AnyEvent gets loaded. |
2312 | when AnyEvent gets loaded. |
… | |
… | |
1819 | |
2324 | |
1820 | =back |
2325 | =back |
1821 | |
2326 | |
1822 | =cut |
2327 | =cut |
1823 | |
2328 | |
|
|
2329 | undef $SIG{CHLD} |
|
|
2330 | if $SIG{CHLD} eq 'IGNORE'; |
|
|
2331 | |
1824 | $SIG{PIPE} = sub { } |
2332 | $SIG{PIPE} = sub { } |
1825 | unless defined $SIG{PIPE}; |
2333 | unless defined $SIG{PIPE}; |
|
|
2334 | |
|
|
2335 | =head1 RECOMMENDED/OPTIONAL MODULES |
|
|
2336 | |
|
|
2337 | One of AnyEvent's main goals is to be 100% Pure-Perl(tm): only perl (and |
|
|
2338 | it's built-in modules) are required to use it. |
|
|
2339 | |
|
|
2340 | That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional |
|
|
2341 | modules if they are installed. |
|
|
2342 | |
|
|
2343 | This section epxlains which additional modules will be used, and how they |
|
|
2344 | affect AnyEvent's operetion. |
|
|
2345 | |
|
|
2346 | =over 4 |
|
|
2347 | |
|
|
2348 | =item L<Async::Interrupt> |
|
|
2349 | |
|
|
2350 | This slightly arcane module is used to implement fast signal handling: To |
|
|
2351 | my knowledge, there is no way to do completely race-free and quick |
|
|
2352 | signal handling in pure perl. To ensure that signals still get |
|
|
2353 | delivered, AnyEvent will start an interval timer to wake up perl (and |
|
|
2354 | catch the signals) with some delay (default is 10 seconds, look for |
|
|
2355 | C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>). |
|
|
2356 | |
|
|
2357 | If this module is available, then it will be used to implement signal |
|
|
2358 | catching, which means that signals will not be delayed, and the event loop |
|
|
2359 | will not be interrupted regularly, which is more efficient (And good for |
|
|
2360 | battery life on laptops). |
|
|
2361 | |
|
|
2362 | This affects not just the pure-perl event loop, but also other event loops |
|
|
2363 | that have no signal handling on their own (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt). |
|
|
2364 | |
|
|
2365 | Some event loops (POE, Event, Event::Lib) offer signal watchers natively, |
|
|
2366 | and either employ their own workarounds (POE) or use AnyEvent's workaround |
|
|
2367 | (using C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>). Installing L<Async::Interrupt> |
|
|
2368 | does nothing for those backends. |
|
|
2369 | |
|
|
2370 | =item L<EV> |
|
|
2371 | |
|
|
2372 | This module isn't really "optional", as it is simply one of the backend |
|
|
2373 | event loops that AnyEvent can use. However, it is simply the best event |
|
|
2374 | loop available in terms of features, speed and stability: It supports |
|
|
2375 | the AnyEvent API optimally, implements all the watcher types in XS, does |
|
|
2376 | automatic timer adjustments even when no monotonic clock is available, |
|
|
2377 | can take avdantage of advanced kernel interfaces such as C<epoll> and |
|
|
2378 | C<kqueue>, and is the fastest backend I<by far>. You can even embed |
|
|
2379 | L<Glib>/L<Gtk2> in it (or vice versa, see L<EV::Glib> and L<Glib::EV>). |
|
|
2380 | |
|
|
2381 | =item L<Guard> |
|
|
2382 | |
|
|
2383 | The guard module, when used, will be used to implement |
|
|
2384 | C<AnyEvent::Util::guard>. This speeds up guards considerably (and uses a |
|
|
2385 | lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is |
|
|
2386 | purely used for performance. |
|
|
2387 | |
|
|
2388 | =item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS> |
|
|
2389 | |
|
|
2390 | This module is required when you want to read or write JSON data via |
|
|
2391 | L<AnyEvent::Handle>. It is also written in pure-perl, but can take |
|
|
2392 | advantage of the ultra-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed. |
|
|
2393 | |
|
|
2394 | In fact, L<AnyEvent::Handle> will use L<JSON::XS> by default if it is |
|
|
2395 | installed. |
|
|
2396 | |
|
|
2397 | =item L<Net::SSLeay> |
|
|
2398 | |
|
|
2399 | Implementing TLS/SSL in Perl is certainly interesting, but not very |
|
|
2400 | worthwhile: If this module is installed, then L<AnyEvent::Handle> (with |
|
|
2401 | the help of L<AnyEvent::TLS>), gains the ability to do TLS/SSL. |
|
|
2402 | |
|
|
2403 | =item L<Time::HiRes> |
|
|
2404 | |
|
|
2405 | This module is part of perl since release 5.008. It will be used when the |
|
|
2406 | chosen event library does not come with a timing source on it's own. The |
|
|
2407 | pure-perl event loop (L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) will additionally use it to |
|
|
2408 | try to use a monotonic clock for timing stability. |
|
|
2409 | |
|
|
2410 | =back |
1826 | |
2411 | |
1827 | |
2412 | |
1828 | =head1 FORK |
2413 | =head1 FORK |
1829 | |
2414 | |
1830 | Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are |
2415 | Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are |
1831 | because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll> |
2416 | because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll> |
1832 | calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware. |
2417 | calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware. |
1833 | |
2418 | |
1834 | If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first |
2419 | If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first |
1835 | watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child. |
2420 | watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child OR you must do |
|
|
2421 | something completely out of the scope of AnyEvent. |
1836 | |
2422 | |
1837 | |
2423 | |
1838 | =head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS |
2424 | =head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS |
1839 | |
2425 | |
1840 | AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via |
2426 | AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via |
… | |
… | |
1852 | use AnyEvent; |
2438 | use AnyEvent; |
1853 | |
2439 | |
1854 | Similar considerations apply to $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}, as that can |
2440 | Similar considerations apply to $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}, as that can |
1855 | be used to probe what backend is used and gain other information (which is |
2441 | be used to probe what backend is used and gain other information (which is |
1856 | probably even less useful to an attacker than PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL), and |
2442 | probably even less useful to an attacker than PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL), and |
1857 | $ENV{PERL_ANYEGENT_STRICT}. |
2443 | $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT}. |
|
|
2444 | |
|
|
2445 | Note that AnyEvent will remove I<all> environment variables starting with |
|
|
2446 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_> from C<%ENV> when it is loaded while taint mode is |
|
|
2447 | enabled. |
1858 | |
2448 | |
1859 | |
2449 | |
1860 | =head1 BUGS |
2450 | =head1 BUGS |
1861 | |
2451 | |
1862 | Perl 5.8 has numerous memleaks that sometimes hit this module and are hard |
2452 | Perl 5.8 has numerous memleaks that sometimes hit this module and are hard |
1863 | to work around. If you suffer from memleaks, first upgrade to Perl 5.10 |
2453 | to work around. If you suffer from memleaks, first upgrade to Perl 5.10 |
1864 | and check wether the leaks still show up. (Perl 5.10.0 has other annoying |
2454 | and check wether the leaks still show up. (Perl 5.10.0 has other annoying |
1865 | mamleaks, such as leaking on C<map> and C<grep> but it is usually not as |
2455 | memleaks, such as leaking on C<map> and C<grep> but it is usually not as |
1866 | pronounced). |
2456 | pronounced). |
1867 | |
2457 | |
1868 | |
2458 | |
1869 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
2459 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
1870 | |
2460 | |
… | |
… | |
1874 | L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>. |
2464 | L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>. |
1875 | |
2465 | |
1876 | Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>, |
2466 | Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>, |
1877 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>, |
2467 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>, |
1878 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>, |
2468 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>, |
1879 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>. |
2469 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>, L<Anyevent::Impl::Irssi>. |
1880 | |
2470 | |
1881 | Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and |
2471 | Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and |
1882 | servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>. |
2472 | servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>. |
1883 | |
2473 | |
1884 | Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>. |
2474 | Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>. |
1885 | |
2475 | |
1886 | Coroutine support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>, L<Coro::Event>, |
2476 | Coroutine support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>, |
|
|
2477 | L<Coro::Event>, |
1887 | |
2478 | |
1888 | Nontrivial usage examples: L<Net::FCP>, L<Net::XMPP2>, L<AnyEvent::DNS>. |
2479 | Nontrivial usage examples: L<AnyEvent::GPSD>, L<AnyEvent::XMPP>, |
|
|
2480 | L<AnyEvent::HTTP>. |
1889 | |
2481 | |
1890 | |
2482 | |
1891 | =head1 AUTHOR |
2483 | =head1 AUTHOR |
1892 | |
2484 | |
1893 | Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
2485 | Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |