[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm

Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.246 by root, Sat Jul 18 15:51:52 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.317 by root, Wed Mar 24 21:22:57 2010 UTC

…		…
1	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
2		2
3	AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops	3	AnyEvent - the DBI of event loop programming
4		4
5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt and POE are various supported	5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Irssi, rxvt-unicode, IO::Async, Qt
6	event loops.	6	and POE are various supported event loops/environments.
7		7
8	=head1 SYNOPSIS	8	=head1 SYNOPSIS
9		9
10	use AnyEvent;	10	use AnyEvent;
11		11
40	=head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL	40	=head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL
41		41
42	This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested	42	This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested
43	in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the	43	in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the
44	L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage.	44	L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage.
		45
		46	=head1 SUPPORT
		47
		48	There is a mailinglist for discussing all things AnyEvent, and an IRC
		49	channel, too.
		50
		51	See the AnyEvent project page at the B<Schmorpforge Ta-Sa Software
		52	Repository>, at L<http://anyevent.schmorp.de>, for more info.
45		53
46	=head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT)	54	=head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT)
47		55
48	Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen	56	Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen
49	nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent?	57	nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent?
…		…
173	my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are	181	my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are
174	declared.	182	declared.
175		183
176	=head2 I/O WATCHERS	184	=head2 I/O WATCHERS
177		185
		186	$w = AnyEvent->io (
		187	fh => <filehandle_or_fileno>,
		188	poll => <"r" or "w">,
		189	cb => <callback>,
		190	);
		191
178	You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method	192	You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method
179	with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:	193	with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:
180		194
181	C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch	195	C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch
182	for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file	196	for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file
…		…
211	undef $w;	225	undef $w;
212	});	226	});
213		227
214	=head2 TIME WATCHERS	228	=head2 TIME WATCHERS
215		229
		230	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => <seconds>, cb => <callback>);
		231
		232	$w = AnyEvent->timer (
		233	after => <fractional_seconds>,
		234	interval => <fractional_seconds>,
		235	cb => <callback>,
		236	);
		237
216	You can create a time watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->timer >>	238	You can create a time watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->timer >>
217	method with the following mandatory arguments:	239	method with the following mandatory arguments:
218		240
219	C<after> specifies after how many seconds (fractional values are	241	C<after> specifies after how many seconds (fractional values are
220	supported) the callback should be invoked. C<cb> is the callback to invoke	242	supported) the callback should be invoked. C<cb> is the callback to invoke
…		…
341	might affect timers and time-outs.	363	might affect timers and time-outs.
342		364
343	When this is the case, you can call this method, which will update the	365	When this is the case, you can call this method, which will update the
344	event loop's idea of "current time".	366	event loop's idea of "current time".
345		367
		368	A typical example would be a script in a web server (e.g. C<mod_perl>) -
		369	when mod_perl executes the script, then the event loop will have the wrong
		370	idea about the "current time" (being potentially far in the past, when the
		371	script ran the last time). In that case you should arrange a call to C<<
		372	AnyEvent->now_update >> each time the web server process wakes up again
		373	(e.g. at the start of your script, or in a handler).
		374
346	Note that updating the time I<might> cause some events to be handled.	375	Note that updating the time I<might> cause some events to be handled.
347		376
348	=back	377	=back
349		378
350	=head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS	379	=head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS
		380
		381	$w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => <uppercase_signal_name>, cb => <callback>);
351		382
352	You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal	383	You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal
353	I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl	384	I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl
354	callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs.	385	callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs.
355		386
…		…
368		399
369	This watcher might use C<%SIG> (depending on the event loop used),	400	This watcher might use C<%SIG> (depending on the event loop used),
370	so programs overwriting those signals directly will likely not work	401	so programs overwriting those signals directly will likely not work
371	correctly.	402	correctly.
372		403
		404	Example: exit on SIGINT
		405
		406	my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 });
		407
		408	=head3 Restart Behaviour
		409
		410	While restart behaviour is up to the event loop implementation, most will
		411	not restart syscalls (that includes L<Async::Interrupt> and AnyEvent's
		412	pure perl implementation).
		413
		414	=head3 Safe/Unsafe Signals
		415
		416	Perl signals can be either "safe" (synchronous to opcode handling) or
		417	"unsafe" (asynchronous) - the former might get delayed indefinitely, the
		418	latter might corrupt your memory.
		419
		420	AnyEvent signal handlers are, in addition, synchronous to the event loop,
		421	i.e. they will not interrupt your running perl program but will only be
		422	called as part of the normal event handling (just like timer, I/O etc.
		423	callbacks, too).
		424
		425	=head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds
		426
373	Also note that many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not	427	Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support attaching
374	support attaching callbacks to signals, which is a pity, as you cannot do	428	callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot
375	race-free signal handling in perl. AnyEvent will try to do it's best, but	429	do race-free signal handling in perl, requiring C libraries for
		430	this. AnyEvent will try to do it's best, which means in some cases,
376	in some cases, signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might	431	signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might be delayed is
377	be delayed is specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10	432	specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10 seconds). This
378	seconds). This variable can be changed only before the first signal	433	variable can be changed only before the first signal watcher is created,
379	watcher is created, and should be left alone otherwise. Higher values	434	and should be left alone otherwise. This variable determines how often
		435	AnyEvent polls for signals (in case a wake-up was missed). Higher values
380	will cause fewer spurious wake-ups, which is better for power and CPU	436	will cause fewer spurious wake-ups, which is better for power and CPU
		437	saving.
		438
381	saving. All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional	439	All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional
382	L<Async::Interrupt> module.	440	L<Async::Interrupt> module, which works with most event loops. It will not
383		441	work with inherently broken event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib>
384	Example: exit on SIGINT	442	(and not with L<POE> currently, as POE does it's own workaround with
385		443	one-second latency). For those, you just have to suffer the delays.
386	my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 });
387		444
388	=head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS	445	=head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS
389		446
		447	$w = AnyEvent->child (pid => <process id>, cb => <callback>);
		448
390	You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status.	449	You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status.
391		450
392	The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (if set to C<0>, it	451	The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (one some backends,
393	watches for any child process exit). The watcher will triggered only when	452	using C<0> watches for any child process exit, on others this will
394	the child process has finished and an exit status is available, not on	453	croak). The watcher will be triggered only when the child process has
395	any trace events (stopped/continued).	454	finished and an exit status is available, not on any trace events
		455	(stopped/continued).
396		456
397	The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by	457	The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by
398	waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher	458	waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher
399	callback arguments.	459	callback arguments.
400		460
…		…
441	# do something else, then wait for process exit	501	# do something else, then wait for process exit
442	$done->recv;	502	$done->recv;
443		503
444	=head2 IDLE WATCHERS	504	=head2 IDLE WATCHERS
445		505
446	Sometimes there is a need to do something, but it is not so important	506	$w = AnyEvent->idle (cb => <callback>);
447	to do it instantly, but only when there is nothing better to do. This
448	"nothing better to do" is usually defined to be "no other events need
449	attention by the event loop".
450		507
451	Idle watchers ideally get invoked when the event loop has nothing	508	Repeatedly invoke the callback after the process becomes idle, until
452	better to do, just before it would block the process to wait for new	509	either the watcher is destroyed or new events have been detected.
453	events. Instead of blocking, the idle watcher is invoked.
454		510
455	Most event loops unfortunately do not really support idle watchers (only	511	Idle watchers are useful when there is a need to do something, but it
		512	is not so important (or wise) to do it instantly. The callback will be
		513	invoked only when there is "nothing better to do", which is usually
		514	defined as "all outstanding events have been handled and no new events
		515	have been detected". That means that idle watchers ideally get invoked
		516	when the event loop has just polled for new events but none have been
		517	detected. Instead of blocking to wait for more events, the idle watchers
		518	will be invoked.
		519
		520	Unfortunately, most event loops do not really support idle watchers (only
456	EV, Event and Glib do it in a usable fashion) - for the rest, AnyEvent	521	EV, Event and Glib do it in a usable fashion) - for the rest, AnyEvent
457	will simply call the callback "from time to time".	522	will simply call the callback "from time to time".
458		523
459	Example: read lines from STDIN, but only process them when the	524	Example: read lines from STDIN, but only process them when the
460	program is otherwise idle:	525	program is otherwise idle:
…		…
476	});	541	});
477	});	542	});
478		543
479	=head2 CONDITION VARIABLES	544	=head2 CONDITION VARIABLES
480		545
		546	$cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
		547
		548	$cv->send (<list>);
		549	my @res = $cv->recv;
		550
481	If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them	551	If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them
482	require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that	552	require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that
483	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.	553	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.
484		554
485	AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event	555	AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event
…		…
504	Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can	574	Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can
505	optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points	575	optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points
506	in time where multiple outstanding events have been processed. And yet	576	in time where multiple outstanding events have been processed. And yet
507	another way to call them is transactions - each condition variable can be	577	another way to call them is transactions - each condition variable can be
508	used to represent a transaction, which finishes at some point and delivers	578	used to represent a transaction, which finishes at some point and delivers
509	a result.	579	a result. And yet some people know them as "futures" - a promise to
		580	compute/deliver something that you can wait for.
510		581
511	Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished,	582	Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished,
512	for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests,	583	for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests,
513	then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the	584	then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the
514	availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is	585	availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is
…		…
548	after => 1,	619	after => 1,
549	cb => sub { $result_ready->send },	620	cb => sub { $result_ready->send },
550	);	621	);
551		622
552	# this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback	623	# this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback
553	# calls -<send	624	# calls ->send
554	$result_ready->recv;	625	$result_ready->recv;
555		626
556	Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition	627	Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition
557	variables are also callable directly.	628	variables are also callable directly.
558		629
…		…
622	one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want	693	one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want
623	to use a condition variable for the whole process.	694	to use a condition variable for the whole process.
624		695
625	Every call to C<< ->begin >> will increment a counter, and every call to	696	Every call to C<< ->begin >> will increment a counter, and every call to
626	C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end	697	C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end
627	>>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback	698	>>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed, passing the
628	is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no	699	condvar as first argument. That callback is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send
629	callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments.	700	>>, but that is not required. If no group callback was set, C<send> will
		701	be called without any arguments.
630		702
631	You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call	703	You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call
632	sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND	704	sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND
633	condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends).	705	condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends).
634		706
…		…
661	begung can potentially be zero:	733	begung can potentially be zero:
662		734
663	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	735	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
664		736
665	my %result;	737	my %result;
666	$cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) });	738	$cv->begin (sub { shift->send (\%result) });
667		739
668	for my $host (@list_of_hosts) {	740	for my $host (@list_of_hosts) {
669	$cv->begin;	741	$cv->begin;
670	ping_host_then_call_callback $host, sub {	742	ping_host_then_call_callback $host, sub {
671	$result{$host} = ...;	743	$result{$host} = ...;
…		…
746	=item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv))	818	=item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv))
747		819
748	This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally	820	This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally
749	replaces it before doing so.	821	replaces it before doing so.
750		822
751	The callback will be called when the condition becomes "true", i.e. when	823	The callback will be called when the condition becomes (or already was)
752	C<send> or C<croak> are called, with the only argument being the condition	824	"true", i.e. when C<send> or C<croak> are called (or were called), with
753	variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time	825	the only argument being the condition variable itself. Calling C<recv>
754	is guaranteed not to block.	826	inside the callback or at any later time is guaranteed not to block.
755		827
756	=back	828	=back
757		829
758	=head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS	830	=head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS
759		831
…		…
762	=over 4	834	=over 4
763		835
764	=item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found.	836	=item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found.
765		837
766	EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in	838	EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in
767	use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will try Event, and, failing	839	use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will fall back to its own
768	that, will fall back to its own pure-perl implementation, which is	840	pure-perl implementation, which is available everywhere as it comes with
769	available everywhere as it comes with AnyEvent itself.	841	AnyEvent itself.
770		842
771	AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice).	843	AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice).
772	AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches.
773	AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable.	844	AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable.
774		845
775	=item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used.	846	=item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used.
776		847
777	These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher	848	These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher
778	is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using	849	is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using
779	them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend	850	them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend
780	when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to	851	when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to
781	create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program.	852	create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program.
782		853
		854	AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches.
783	AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable.	855	AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable.
784	AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken.	856	AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken.
785	AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.	857	AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.
786	AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations.	858	AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations.
		859	AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi used when running within irssi.
787		860
788	=item Backends with special needs.	861	=item Backends with special needs.
789		862
790	Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will	863	Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will
791	otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program	864	otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program
…		…
865	event module detection too early, for example, L<AnyEvent::AIO> creates	938	event module detection too early, for example, L<AnyEvent::AIO> creates
866	and installs the global L<IO::AIO> watcher in a C<post_detect> block to	939	and installs the global L<IO::AIO> watcher in a C<post_detect> block to
867	avoid autodetecting the event module at load time.	940	avoid autodetecting the event module at load time.
868		941
869	If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object	942	If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object
870	that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed. See	943	that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed (or
		944	C<undef> when the hook was immediately executed). See L<AnyEvent::AIO> for
871	L<Coro::BDB> for a case where this is useful.	945	a case where this is useful.
		946
		947	Example: Create a watcher for the IO::AIO module and store it in
		948	C<$WATCHER>. Only do so after the event loop is initialised, though.
		949
		950	our WATCHER;
		951
		952	my $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect {
		953	$WATCHER = AnyEvent->io (fh => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, poll => 'r', cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		954	};
		955
		956	# the \|\|= is important in case post_detect immediately runs the block,
		957	# as to not clobber the newly-created watcher. assigning both watcher and
		958	# post_detect guard to the same variable has the advantage of users being
		959	# able to just C<undef $WATCHER> if the watcher causes them grief.
		960
		961	$WATCHER \|\|= $guard;
872		962
873	=item @AnyEvent::post_detect	963	=item @AnyEvent::post_detect
874		964
875	If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it	965	If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it
876	before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after	966	before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after
…		…
879	You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though:	969	You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though:
880	if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the	970	if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the
881	array will be ignored.	971	array will be ignored.
882		972
883	Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> when your application allows	973	Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> when your application allows
884	it,as it takes care of these details.	974	it, as it takes care of these details.
885		975
886	This variable is mainly useful for modules that can do something useful	976	This variable is mainly useful for modules that can do something useful
887	when AnyEvent is used and thus want to know when it is initialised, but do	977	when AnyEvent is used and thus want to know when it is initialised, but do
888	not need to even load it by default. This array provides the means to hook	978	not need to even load it by default. This array provides the means to hook
889	into AnyEvent passively, without loading it.	979	into AnyEvent passively, without loading it.
		980
		981	Example: To load Coro::AnyEvent whenever Coro and AnyEvent are used
		982	together, you could put this into Coro (this is the actual code used by
		983	Coro to accomplish this):
		984
		985	if (defined $AnyEvent::MODEL) {
		986	# AnyEvent already initialised, so load Coro::AnyEvent
		987	require Coro::AnyEvent;
		988	} else {
		989	# AnyEvent not yet initialised, so make sure to load Coro::AnyEvent
		990	# as soon as it is
		991	push @AnyEvent::post_detect, sub { require Coro::AnyEvent };
		992	}
890		993
891	=back	994	=back
892		995
893	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE	996	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE
894		997
…		…
1043		1146
1044	package AnyEvent;	1147	package AnyEvent;
1045		1148
1046	# basically a tuned-down version of common::sense	1149	# basically a tuned-down version of common::sense
1047	sub common_sense {	1150	sub common_sense {
1048	# no warnings	1151	# from common:.sense 1.0
1049	${^WARNING_BITS} ^= ${^WARNING_BITS};	1152	${^WARNING_BITS} = "\xfc\x3f\x33\x00\x0f\xf3\xcf\xc0\xf3\xfc\x33\x00";
1050	# use strict vars subs	1153	# use strict vars subs - NO UTF-8, as Util.pm doesn't like this atm. (uts46data.pl)
1051	$^H \|= 0x00000600;	1154	$^H \|= 0x00000600;
1052	}	1155	}
1053		1156
1054	BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }	1157	BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
1055		1158
1056	use Carp ();	1159	use Carp ();
1057		1160
1058	our $VERSION = 4.85;	1161	our $VERSION = '5.251';
1059	our $MODEL;	1162	our $MODEL;
1060		1163
1061	our $AUTOLOAD;	1164	our $AUTOLOAD;
1062	our @ISA;	1165	our @ISA;
1063		1166
1064	our @REGISTRY;	1167	our @REGISTRY;
1065		1168
1066	our $WIN32;
1067
1068	our $VERBOSE;	1169	our $VERBOSE;
1069		1170
1070	BEGIN {	1171	BEGIN {
1071	eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }";	1172	require "AnyEvent/constants.pl";
		1173
1072	eval "sub TAINT(){ " . (${^TAINT}*1) . " }";	1174	eval "sub TAINT (){" . (${^TAINT}*1) . "}";
1073		1175
1074	delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV}	1176	delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV}
1075	if ${^TAINT};	1177	if ${^TAINT};
1076		1178
1077	$VERBOSE = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1;	1179	$VERBOSE = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1;
…		…
1088	for reverse split /\s,\s/,	1190	for reverse split /\s,\s/,
1089	$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} \|\| "ipv4,ipv6";	1191	$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} \|\| "ipv4,ipv6";
1090	}	1192	}
1091		1193
1092	my @models = (	1194	my @models = (
1093	[EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV::],	1195	[EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV:: , 1],
1094	[Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::],
1095	[AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::],	1196	[AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: , 1],
1096	# everything below here will not be autoprobed	1197	# everything below here will not (normally) be autoprobed
1097	# as the pureperl backend should work everywhere	1198	# as the pureperl backend should work everywhere
1098	# and is usually faster	1199	# and is usually faster
		1200	[Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::, 1],
1099	[Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers	1201	[Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib:: , 1], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers
1100	[Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy	1202	[Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy
		1203	[Irssi:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi::], # Irssi has a bogus "Event" package
1101	[Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles	1204	[Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles
1102	[Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program	1205	[Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program
1103	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza	1206	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza
1104	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],	1207	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
1105	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],	1208	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
1106	# IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its	1209	# IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its
1107	# byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others.	1210	# byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others.
1108	# IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any	1211	# IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any
1109	# obvious default class.	1212	# obvious default class.
1110	# [IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1213	[IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1111	# [IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1214	[IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1112	# [IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1215	[IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
		1216	[AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1113	);	1217	);
1114		1218
1115	our %method = map +($_ => 1),	1219	our %method = map +($_ => 1),
1116	qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY);	1220	qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY);
1117		1221
1118	our @post_detect;	1222	our @post_detect;
1119		1223
1120	sub post_detect(&) {	1224	sub post_detect(&) {
1121	my ($cb) = @_;	1225	my ($cb) = @_;
1122		1226
1123	if ($MODEL) {
1124	$cb->();
1125
1126	1
1127	} else {
1128	push @post_detect, $cb;	1227	push @post_detect, $cb;
1129		1228
1130	defined wantarray	1229	defined wantarray
1131	? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect"	1230	? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect"
1132	: ()	1231	: ()
1133	}
1134	}	1232	}
1135		1233
1136	sub AnyEvent::Util::postdetect::DESTROY {	1234	sub AnyEvent::Util::postdetect::DESTROY {
1137	@post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect;	1235	@post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect;
1138	}	1236	}
1139		1237
1140	sub detect() {	1238	sub detect() {
		1239	# free some memory
		1240	*detect = sub () { $MODEL };
		1241
		1242	local $!; # for good measure
		1243	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		1244
		1245	if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) {
		1246	my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1";
		1247	if (eval "require $model") {
		1248	$MODEL = $model;
		1249	warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}), using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
		1250	} else {
		1251	warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}):\n$@" if $VERBOSE;
		1252	}
		1253	}
		1254
		1255	# check for already loaded models
1141	unless ($MODEL) {	1256	unless ($MODEL) {
1142	local $SIG{__DIE__};	1257	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1143		1258	my ($package, $model) = @$_;
1144	if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) {	1259	if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) {
1145	my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1";
1146	if (eval "require $model") {	1260	if (eval "require $model") {
1147	$MODEL = $model;	1261	$MODEL = $model;
1148	warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}), using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;	1262	warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1149	} else {	1263	last;
1150	warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}):\n$@" if $VERBOSE;	1264	}
1151	}	1265	}
1152	}	1266	}
1153		1267
1154	# check for already loaded models
1155	unless ($MODEL) {	1268	unless ($MODEL) {
		1269	# try to autoload a model
1156	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {	1270	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1157	my ($package, $model) = @$_;	1271	my ($package, $model, $autoload) = @$_;
		1272	if (
		1273	$autoload
		1274	and eval "require $package"
1158	if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) {	1275	and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0
1159	if (eval "require $model") {	1276	and eval "require $model"
		1277	) {
1160	$MODEL = $model;	1278	$MODEL = $model;
1161	warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;	1279	warn "AnyEvent: autoloaded model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1162	last;	1280	last;
1163	}
1164	}	1281	}
1165	}	1282	}
1166		1283
1167	unless ($MODEL) {
1168	# try to load a model
1169
1170	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1171	my ($package, $model) = @$_;
1172	if (eval "require $package"
1173	and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0
1174	and eval "require $model") {
1175	$MODEL = $model;
1176	warn "AnyEvent: autoprobed model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1177	last;
1178	}
1179	}
1180
1181	$MODEL	1284	$MODEL
1182	or die "No event module selected for AnyEvent and autodetect failed. Install any one of these modules: EV, Event or Glib.\n";	1285	or die "No event module selected for AnyEvent and autodetect failed. Install any one of these modules: EV, Event or Glib.\n";
1183	}
1184	}	1286	}
1185
1186	push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base";
1187
1188	unshift @ISA, $MODEL;
1189
1190	require AnyEvent::Strict if $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT};
1191
1192	(shift @post_detect)->() while @post_detect;
1193	}	1287	}
		1288
		1289	@models = (); # free probe data
		1290
		1291	push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base";
		1292	unshift @ISA, $MODEL;
		1293
		1294	# now nuke some methods that are overriden by the backend.
		1295	# SUPER is not allowed.
		1296	for (qw(time signal child idle)) {
		1297	undef &{"AnyEvent::Base::$_"}
		1298	if defined &{"$MODEL\::$_"};
		1299	}
		1300
		1301	require AnyEvent::Strict if $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT};
		1302
		1303	(shift @post_detect)->() while @post_detect;
		1304
		1305	*post_detect = sub(&) {
		1306	shift->();
		1307
		1308	undef
		1309	};
1194		1310
1195	$MODEL	1311	$MODEL
1196	}	1312	}
1197		1313
1198	sub AUTOLOAD {	1314	sub AUTOLOAD {
1199	(my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://;	1315	(my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://;
1200		1316
1201	$method{$func}	1317	$method{$func}
1202	or Carp::croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects";	1318	or Carp::croak "$func: not a valid AnyEvent class method";
1203		1319
1204	detect unless $MODEL;	1320	detect;
1205		1321
1206	my $class = shift;	1322	my $class = shift;
1207	$class->$func (@_);	1323	$class->$func (@_);
1208	}	1324	}
1209		1325
…		…
1222	# we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases	1338	# we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases
1223		1339
1224	($fh2, $rw)	1340	($fh2, $rw)
1225	}	1341	}
1226		1342
		1343	=head1 SIMPLIFIED AE API
		1344
		1345	Starting with version 5.0, AnyEvent officially supports a second, much
		1346	simpler, API that is designed to reduce the calling, typing and memory
		1347	overhead.
		1348
		1349	See the L<AE> manpage for details.
		1350
		1351	=cut
		1352
		1353	package AE;
		1354
		1355	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
		1356
		1357	sub io($$$) {
		1358	AnyEvent->io (fh => $_[0], poll => $_[1] ? "w" : "r", cb => $_[2])
		1359	}
		1360
		1361	sub timer($$$) {
		1362	AnyEvent->timer (after => $_[0], interval => $_[1], cb => $_[2])
		1363	}
		1364
		1365	sub signal($$) {
		1366	AnyEvent->signal (signal => $_[0], cb => $_[1])
		1367	}
		1368
		1369	sub child($$) {
		1370	AnyEvent->child (pid => $_[0], cb => $_[1])
		1371	}
		1372
		1373	sub idle($) {
		1374	AnyEvent->idle (cb => $_[0])
		1375	}
		1376
		1377	sub cv(;&) {
		1378	AnyEvent->condvar (@_ ? (cb => $_[0]) : ())
		1379	}
		1380
		1381	sub now() {
		1382	AnyEvent->now
		1383	}
		1384
		1385	sub now_update() {
		1386	AnyEvent->now_update
		1387	}
		1388
		1389	sub time() {
		1390	AnyEvent->time
		1391	}
		1392
1227	package AnyEvent::Base;	1393	package AnyEvent::Base;
1228		1394
1229	# default implementations for many methods	1395	# default implementations for many methods
1230		1396
1231	sub _time {	1397	sub time {
		1398	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
1232	# probe for availability of Time::HiRes	1399	# probe for availability of Time::HiRes
1233	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {	1400	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {
1234	warn "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;	1401	warn "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1235	*_time = \&Time::HiRes::time;	1402	*AE::time = \&Time::HiRes::time;
1236	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...	1403	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...
1237	} else {	1404	} else {
1238	warn "AnyEvent: using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!\n" if $VERBOSE;	1405	warn "AnyEvent: using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!\n" if $VERBOSE;
1239	*_time = sub { time }; # epic fail	1406	*AE::time = sub (){ time }; # epic fail
		1407	}
		1408
		1409	*time = sub { AE::time }; # different prototypes
1240	}	1410	};
		1411	die if $@;
1241		1412
1242	&_time	1413	&time
1243	}	1414	}
1244		1415
1245	sub time { _time }	1416	*now = \&time;
1246	sub now { _time }	1417
1247	sub now_update { }	1418	sub now_update { }
1248		1419
1249	# default implementation for ->condvar	1420	# default implementation for ->condvar
1250		1421
1251	sub condvar {	1422	sub condvar {
		1423	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
		1424	*condvar = sub {
1252	bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"	1425	bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"
		1426	};
		1427
		1428	*AE::cv = sub (;&) {
		1429	bless { @_ ? (_ae_cb => shift) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"
		1430	};
		1431	};
		1432	die if $@;
		1433
		1434	&condvar
1253	}	1435	}
1254		1436
1255	# default implementation for ->signal	1437	# default implementation for ->signal
1256		1438
1257	our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;	1439	our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;
		1440
		1441	sub _have_async_interrupt() {
		1442	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT = 1*(!$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT}
		1443	&& eval "use Async::Interrupt 1.02 (); 1")
		1444	unless defined $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;
		1445
		1446	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1447	}
		1448
1258	our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO);	1449	our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO);
1259	our (%SIG_ASY, %SIG_ASY_W);	1450	our (%SIG_ASY, %SIG_ASY_W);
1260	our ($SIG_COUNT, $SIG_TW);	1451	our ($SIG_COUNT, $SIG_TW);
1261		1452
1262	sub _signal_exec {
1263	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
1264	? $SIGPIPE_R->drain
1265	: sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 9;
1266
1267	while (%SIG_EV) {
1268	for (keys %SIG_EV) {
1269	delete $SIG_EV{$_};
1270	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} \|\| {} };
1271	}
1272	}
1273	}
1274
1275	# install a dumym wakeupw atcher to reduce signal catching latency	1453	# install a dummy wakeup watcher to reduce signal catching latency
		1454	# used by Impls
1276	sub _sig_add() {	1455	sub _sig_add() {
1277	unless ($SIG_COUNT++) {	1456	unless ($SIG_COUNT++) {
1278	# try to align timer on a full-second boundary, if possible	1457	# try to align timer on a full-second boundary, if possible
1279	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;	1458	my $NOW = AE::now;
1280		1459
1281	$SIG_TW = AnyEvent->timer (	1460	$SIG_TW = AE::timer
1282	after => $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY - ($NOW - int $NOW),	1461	$MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY - ($NOW - int $NOW),
1283	interval => $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY,	1462	$MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY,
1284	cb => sub { }, # just for the PERL_ASYNC_CHECK	1463	sub { } # just for the PERL_ASYNC_CHECK
1285	);	1464	;
1286	}	1465	}
1287	}	1466	}
1288		1467
1289	sub _sig_del {	1468	sub _sig_del {
1290	undef $SIG_TW	1469	undef $SIG_TW
1291	unless --$SIG_COUNT;	1470	unless --$SIG_COUNT;
1292	}	1471	}
1293		1472
		1473	our $_sig_name_init; $_sig_name_init = sub {
		1474	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
		1475	undef $_sig_name_init;
		1476
		1477	if (_have_async_interrupt) {
		1478	*sig2num = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2num;
		1479	*sig2name = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2name;
		1480	} else {
		1481	require Config;
		1482
		1483	my %signame2num;
		1484	@signame2num{ split ' ', $Config::Config{sig_name} }
		1485	= split ' ', $Config::Config{sig_num};
		1486
		1487	my @signum2name;
		1488	@signum2name[values %signame2num] = keys %signame2num;
		1489
		1490	*sig2num = sub($) {
		1491	$_[0] > 0 ? shift : $signame2num{+shift}
		1492	};
		1493	*sig2name = sub ($) {
		1494	$_[0] > 0 ? $signum2name[+shift] : shift
		1495	};
		1496	}
		1497	};
		1498	die if $@;
		1499	};
		1500
		1501	sub sig2num ($) { &$_sig_name_init; &sig2num }
		1502	sub sig2name($) { &$_sig_name_init; &sig2name }
		1503
1294	sub _signal {	1504	sub signal {
1295	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1505	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
		1506	# probe for availability of Async::Interrupt
		1507	if (_have_async_interrupt) {
		1508	warn "AnyEvent: using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1296		1509
1297	my $signal = uc $arg{signal}	1510	$SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe;
1298	or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing";	1511	$SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, 0, \&_signal_exec;
1299		1512
1300	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};	1513	} else {
		1514	warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1301		1515
1302	if ($HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT) {	1516	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {
1303	# async::interrupt	1517	require AnyEvent::Util;
1304		1518
1305	$SIG_ASY{$signal} \|\|= do {	1519	($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe ();
1306	my $asy = new Async::Interrupt	1520	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R, 1) if $SIGPIPE_R;
1307	cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} },	1521	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W, 1) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
1308	signal => $signal,	1522	} else {
1309	pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos],	1523	pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W;
		1524	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, AnyEvent::F_SETFL, AnyEvent::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R;
		1525	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, AnyEvent::F_SETFL, AnyEvent::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
		1526
		1527	# not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure...
		1528	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, AnyEvent::F_SETFD, AnyEvent::FD_CLOEXEC;
		1529	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, AnyEvent::F_SETFD, AnyEvent::FD_CLOEXEC;
1310	;	1530	}
1311	$asy->pipe_autodrain (0);
1312		1531
1313	$asy	1532	$SIGPIPE_R
		1533	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";
		1534
		1535	$SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R, 0, \&_signal_exec;
		1536	}
		1537
		1538	*signal = $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1539	? sub {
		1540	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
		1541
		1542	# async::interrupt
		1543	my $signal = sig2num $arg{signal};
		1544	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
		1545
		1546	$SIG_ASY{$signal} \|\|= new Async::Interrupt
		1547	cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} },
		1548	signal => $signal,
		1549	pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos],
		1550	pipe_autodrain => 0,
		1551	;
		1552
		1553	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"
		1554	}
		1555	: sub {
		1556	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
		1557
		1558	# pure perl
		1559	my $signal = sig2name $arg{signal};
		1560	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
		1561
		1562	$SIG{$signal} \|\|= sub {
		1563	local $!;
		1564	syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV;
		1565	undef $SIG_EV{$signal};
		1566	};
		1567
		1568	# can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl,
		1569	# so limit the signal latency.
		1570	_sig_add;
		1571
		1572	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"
		1573	}
		1574	;
		1575
		1576	*AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY = sub {
		1577	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
		1578
		1579	_sig_del;
		1580
		1581	delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};
		1582
		1583	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1584	? delete $SIG_ASY{$signal}
		1585	: # delete doesn't work with older perls - they then
		1586	# print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit
		1587	# instead of getting the default action.
		1588	undef $SIG{$signal}
		1589	unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };
1314	};	1590	};
1315		1591
1316	} else {	1592	*_signal_exec = sub {
1317	# pure perl	1593	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1594	? $SIGPIPE_R->drain
		1595	: sysread $SIGPIPE_R, (my $dummy), 9;
1318		1596
1319	$SIG{$signal} \|\|= sub {	1597	while (%SIG_EV) {
1320	local $!;	1598	for (keys %SIG_EV) {
1321	syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV;	1599	delete $SIG_EV{$_};
1322	undef $SIG_EV{$signal};	1600	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} \|\| {} };
		1601	}
		1602	}
1323	};	1603	};
1324
1325	# can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl,
1326	# so limit the signal latency.
1327	_sig_add;
1328	}	1604	};
		1605	die if $@;
1329		1606
1330	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"
1331	}
1332
1333	sub signal {
1334	# probe for availability of Async::Interrupt
1335	if (!$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT} && eval "use Async::Interrupt 0.6 (); 1") {
1336	warn "AnyEvent: using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1337
1338	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT = 1;
1339	$SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe;
1340	$SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec);
1341
1342	} else {
1343	warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1344
1345	require Fcntl;
1346
1347	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {
1348	require AnyEvent::Util;
1349
1350	($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe ();
1351	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R) if $SIGPIPE_R;
1352	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
1353	} else {
1354	pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W;
1355	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R;
1356	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
1357
1358	# not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure...
1359	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
1360	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
1361	}
1362
1363	$SIGPIPE_R
1364	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";
1365
1366	$SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec);
1367	}
1368
1369	*signal = \&_signal;
1370	&signal	1607	&signal
1371	}
1372
1373	sub AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY {
1374	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
1375
1376	_sig_del;
1377
1378	delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};
1379
1380	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
1381	? delete $SIG_ASY{$signal}
1382	: # delete doesn't work with older perls - they then
1383	# print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit
1384	# instead of getting the default action.
1385	undef $SIG{$signal}
1386	unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };
1387	}	1608	}
1388		1609
1389	# default implementation for ->child	1610	# default implementation for ->child
1390		1611
1391	our %PID_CB;	1612	our %PID_CB;
1392	our $CHLD_W;	1613	our $CHLD_W;
1393	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;	1614	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;
1394	our $WNOHANG;	1615	our $WNOHANG;
1395		1616
1396	sub _sigchld {	1617	# used by many Impl's
1397	while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) {	1618	sub _emit_childstatus($$) {
1398	$_->($pid, $?)	1619	my (undef, $rpid, $rstatus) = @_;
		1620
		1621	$_->($rpid, $rstatus)
1399	for values %{ $PID_CB{$pid} \|\| {} },	1622	for values %{ $PID_CB{$rpid} \|\| {} },
1400	values %{ $PID_CB{0} \|\| {} };	1623	values %{ $PID_CB{0} \|\| {} };
1401	}
1402	}	1624	}
1403		1625
1404	sub child {	1626	sub child {
		1627	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
		1628	*_sigchld = sub {
		1629	my $pid;
		1630
		1631	AnyEvent->_emit_childstatus ($pid, $?)
		1632	while ($pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG) > 0;
		1633	};
		1634
		1635	*child = sub {
1405	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1636	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
1406		1637
1407	defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0)	1638	defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0)
1408	or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing";	1639	or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing";
1409		1640
1410	$PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};	1641	$PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
1411		1642
1412	# WNOHANG is almost cetrainly 1 everywhere	1643	# WNOHANG is almost cetrainly 1 everywhere
1413	$WNOHANG \|\|= $^O =~ /^(?:openbsd\|netbsd\|linux\|freebsd\|cygwin\|MSWin32)$/	1644	$WNOHANG \|\|= $^O =~ /^(?:openbsd\|netbsd\|linux\|freebsd\|cygwin\|MSWin32)$/
1414	? 1	1645	? 1
1415	: eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } \|\| 1;	1646	: eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } \|\| 1;
1416		1647
1417	unless ($CHLD_W) {	1648	unless ($CHLD_W) {
1418	$CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld);	1649	$CHLD_W = AE::signal CHLD => \&_sigchld;
1419	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round	1650	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round
1420	&_sigchld;	1651	&_sigchld;
1421	}	1652	}
1422		1653
1423	bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child"	1654	bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child"
1424	}	1655	};
1425		1656
1426	sub AnyEvent::Base::child::DESTROY {	1657	*AnyEvent::Base::child::DESTROY = sub {
1427	my ($pid, $cb) = @{$_[0]};	1658	my ($pid, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
1428		1659
1429	delete $PID_CB{$pid}{$cb};	1660	delete $PID_CB{$pid}{$cb};
1430	delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} };	1661	delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} };
1431		1662
1432	undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB;	1663	undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB;
		1664	};
		1665	};
		1666	die if $@;
		1667
		1668	&child
1433	}	1669	}
1434		1670
1435	# idle emulation is done by simply using a timer, regardless	1671	# idle emulation is done by simply using a timer, regardless
1436	# of whether the process is idle or not, and not letting	1672	# of whether the process is idle or not, and not letting
1437	# the callback use more than 50% of the time.	1673	# the callback use more than 50% of the time.
1438	sub idle {	1674	sub idle {
		1675	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
		1676	*idle = sub {
1439	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1677	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
1440		1678
1441	my ($cb, $w, $rcb) = $arg{cb};	1679	my ($cb, $w, $rcb) = $arg{cb};
1442		1680
1443	$rcb = sub {	1681	$rcb = sub {
1444	if ($cb) {	1682	if ($cb) {
1445	$w = _time;	1683	$w = _time;
1446	&$cb;	1684	&$cb;
1447	$w = _time - $w;	1685	$w = _time - $w;
1448		1686
1449	# never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher,	1687	# never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher,
1450	# within some limits	1688	# within some limits
1451	$w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001;	1689	$w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001;
1452	$w = 5 if $w > 5;	1690	$w = 5 if $w > 5;
1453		1691
1454	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $w, cb => $rcb);	1692	$w = AE::timer $w, 0, $rcb;
1455	} else {	1693	} else {
1456	# clean up...	1694	# clean up...
1457	undef $w;	1695	undef $w;
1458	undef $rcb;	1696	undef $rcb;
		1697	}
		1698	};
		1699
		1700	$w = AE::timer 0.05, 0, $rcb;
		1701
		1702	bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle"
1459	}	1703	};
		1704
		1705	*AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY = sub {
		1706	undef $${$_[0]};
		1707	};
1460	};	1708	};
		1709	die if $@;
1461		1710
1462	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 0.05, cb => $rcb);	1711	&idle
1463
1464	bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle"
1465	}
1466
1467	sub AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY {
1468	undef $${$_[0]};
1469	}	1712	}
1470		1713
1471	package AnyEvent::CondVar;	1714	package AnyEvent::CondVar;
1472		1715
1473	our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::;	1716	our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::;
…		…
1521	Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak} if $_[0]{_ae_croak};	1764	Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak} if $_[0]{_ae_croak};
1522	wantarray ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0]	1765	wantarray ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0]
1523	}	1766	}
1524		1767
1525	sub cb {	1768	sub cb {
1526	$_[0]{_ae_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;	1769	my $cv = shift;
		1770
		1771	@_
		1772	and $cv->{_ae_cb} = shift
		1773	and $cv->{_ae_sent}
		1774	and (delete $cv->{_ae_cb})->($cv);
		1775
1527	$_[0]{_ae_cb}	1776	$cv->{_ae_cb}
1528	}	1777	}
1529		1778
1530	sub begin {	1779	sub begin {
1531	++$_[0]{_ae_counter};	1780	++$_[0]{_ae_counter};
1532	$_[0]{_ae_end_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;	1781	$_[0]{_ae_end_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;
…		…
1741	warn "read: $input\n"; # output what has been read	1990	warn "read: $input\n"; # output what has been read
1742	$cv->send if $input =~ /^q/i; # quit program if /^q/i	1991	$cv->send if $input =~ /^q/i; # quit program if /^q/i
1743	},	1992	},
1744	);	1993	);
1745		1994
1746	my $time_watcher; # can only be used once
1747
1748	sub new_timer {
1749	$timer = AnyEvent->timer (after => 1, cb => sub {	1995	my $time_watcher = AnyEvent->timer (after => 1, interval => 1, cb => sub {
1750	warn "timeout\n"; # print 'timeout' about every second	1996	warn "timeout\n"; # print 'timeout' at most every second
1751	&new_timer; # and restart the time
1752	});	1997	});
1753	}
1754
1755	new_timer; # create first timer
1756		1998
1757	$cv->recv; # wait until user enters /^q/i	1999	$cv->recv; # wait until user enters /^q/i
1758		2000
1759	=head1 REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE	2001	=head1 REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE
1760		2002
…		…
1891	through AnyEvent. The benchmark creates a lot of timers (with a zero	2133	through AnyEvent. The benchmark creates a lot of timers (with a zero
1892	timeout) and I/O watchers (watching STDOUT, a pty, to become writable,	2134	timeout) and I/O watchers (watching STDOUT, a pty, to become writable,
1893	which it is), lets them fire exactly once and destroys them again.	2135	which it is), lets them fire exactly once and destroys them again.
1894		2136
1895	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench> in the AnyEvent	2137	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench> in the AnyEvent
1896	distribution.	2138	distribution. It uses the L<AE> interface, which makes a real difference
		2139	for the EV and Perl backends only.
1897		2140
1898	=head3 Explanation of the columns	2141	=head3 Explanation of the columns
1899		2142
1900	I<watcher> is the number of event watchers created/destroyed. Since	2143	I<watcher> is the number of event watchers created/destroyed. Since
1901	different event models feature vastly different performances, each event	2144	different event models feature vastly different performances, each event
…		…
1922	watcher.	2165	watcher.
1923		2166
1924	=head3 Results	2167	=head3 Results
1925		2168
1926	name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment	2169	name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment
1927	EV/EV 400000 224 0.47 0.35 0.27 EV native interface	2170	EV/EV 100000 223 0.47 0.43 0.27 EV native interface
1928	EV/Any 100000 224 2.88 0.34 0.27 EV + AnyEvent watchers	2171	EV/Any 100000 223 0.48 0.42 0.26 EV + AnyEvent watchers
1929	CoroEV/Any 100000 224 2.85 0.35 0.28 coroutines + Coro::Signal	2172	Coro::EV/Any 100000 223 0.47 0.42 0.26 coroutines + Coro::Signal
1930	Perl/Any 100000 452 4.13 0.73 0.95 pure perl implementation	2173	Perl/Any 100000 431 2.70 0.74 0.92 pure perl implementation
1931	Event/Event 16000 517 32.20 31.80 0.81 Event native interface	2174	Event/Event 16000 516 31.16 31.84 0.82 Event native interface
1932	Event/Any 16000 590 35.85 31.55 1.06 Event + AnyEvent watchers	2175	Event/Any 16000 1203 42.61 34.79 1.80 Event + AnyEvent watchers
1933	IOAsync/Any 16000 989 38.10 32.77 11.13 via IO::Async::Loop::IO_Poll	2176	IOAsync/Any 16000 1911 41.92 27.45 16.81 via IO::Async::Loop::IO_Poll
1934	IOAsync/Any 16000 990 37.59 29.50 10.61 via IO::Async::Loop::Epoll	2177	IOAsync/Any 16000 1726 40.69 26.37 15.25 via IO::Async::Loop::Epoll
1935	Glib/Any 16000 1357 102.33 12.31 51.00 quadratic behaviour	2178	Glib/Any 16000 1118 89.00 12.57 51.17 quadratic behaviour
1936	Tk/Any 2000 1860 27.20 66.31 14.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers	2179	Tk/Any 2000 1346 20.96 10.75 8.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers
1937	POE/Event 2000 6328 109.99 751.67 14.02 via POE::Loop::Event	2180	POE/Any 2000 6951 108.97 795.32 14.24 via POE::Loop::Event
1938	POE/Select 2000 6027 94.54 809.13 579.80 via POE::Loop::Select	2181	POE/Any 2000 6648 94.79 774.40 575.51 via POE::Loop::Select
1939		2182
1940	=head3 Discussion	2183	=head3 Discussion
1941		2184
1942	The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very	2185	The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very
1943	well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one)	2186	well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one)
…		…
1955	benchmark machine, handling an event takes roughly 1600 CPU cycles with	2198	benchmark machine, handling an event takes roughly 1600 CPU cycles with
1956	EV, 3100 CPU cycles with AnyEvent's pure perl loop and almost 3000000 CPU	2199	EV, 3100 CPU cycles with AnyEvent's pure perl loop and almost 3000000 CPU
1957	cycles with POE.	2200	cycles with POE.
1958		2201
1959	C<EV> is the sole leader regarding speed and memory use, which are both	2202	C<EV> is the sole leader regarding speed and memory use, which are both
1960	maximal/minimal, respectively. Even when going through AnyEvent, it uses	2203	maximal/minimal, respectively. When using the L<AE> API there is zero
		2204	overhead (when going through the AnyEvent API create is about 5-6 times
		2205	slower, with other times being equal, so still uses far less memory than
1961	far less memory than any other event loop and is still faster than Event	2206	any other event loop and is still faster than Event natively).
1962	natively.
1963		2207
1964	The pure perl implementation is hit in a few sweet spots (both the	2208	The pure perl implementation is hit in a few sweet spots (both the
1965	constant timeout and the use of a single fd hit optimisations in the perl	2209	constant timeout and the use of a single fd hit optimisations in the perl
1966	interpreter and the backend itself). Nevertheless this shows that it	2210	interpreter and the backend itself). Nevertheless this shows that it
1967	adds very little overhead in itself. Like any select-based backend its	2211	adds very little overhead in itself. Like any select-based backend its
…		…
2041	In this benchmark, we use 10000 socket pairs (20000 sockets), of which 100	2285	In this benchmark, we use 10000 socket pairs (20000 sockets), of which 100
2042	(1%) are active. This mirrors the activity of large servers with many	2286	(1%) are active. This mirrors the activity of large servers with many
2043	connections, most of which are idle at any one point in time.	2287	connections, most of which are idle at any one point in time.
2044		2288
2045	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench2> in the AnyEvent	2289	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench2> in the AnyEvent
2046	distribution.	2290	distribution. It uses the L<AE> interface, which makes a real difference
		2291	for the EV and Perl backends only.
2047		2292
2048	=head3 Explanation of the columns	2293	=head3 Explanation of the columns
2049		2294
2050	I<sockets> is the number of sockets, and twice the number of "servers" (as	2295	I<sockets> is the number of sockets, and twice the number of "servers" (as
2051	each server has a read and write socket end).	2296	each server has a read and write socket end).
…		…
2059	a new one that moves the timeout into the future.	2304	a new one that moves the timeout into the future.
2060		2305
2061	=head3 Results	2306	=head3 Results
2062		2307
2063	name sockets create request	2308	name sockets create request
2064	EV 20000 69.01 11.16	2309	EV 20000 62.66 7.99
2065	Perl 20000 73.32 35.87	2310	Perl 20000 68.32 32.64
2066	IOAsync 20000 157.00 98.14 epoll	2311	IOAsync 20000 174.06 101.15 epoll
2067	IOAsync 20000 159.31 616.06 poll	2312	IOAsync 20000 174.67 610.84 poll
2068	Event 20000 212.62 257.32	2313	Event 20000 202.69 242.91
2069	Glib 20000 651.16 1896.30	2314	Glib 20000 557.01 1689.52
2070	POE 20000 349.67 12317.24 uses POE::Loop::Event	2315	POE 20000 341.54 12086.32 uses POE::Loop::Event
2071		2316
2072	=head3 Discussion	2317	=head3 Discussion
2073		2318
2074	This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the	2319	This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the
2075	particular event loop.	2320	particular event loop.
…		…
2201	As you can see, the AnyEvent + EV combination even beats the	2446	As you can see, the AnyEvent + EV combination even beats the
2202	hand-optimised "raw sockets benchmark", while AnyEvent + its pure perl	2447	hand-optimised "raw sockets benchmark", while AnyEvent + its pure perl
2203	backend easily beats IO::Lambda and POE.	2448	backend easily beats IO::Lambda and POE.
2204		2449
2205	And even the 100% non-blocking version written using the high-level (and	2450	And even the 100% non-blocking version written using the high-level (and
2206	slow :) L<AnyEvent::Handle> abstraction beats both POE and IO::Lambda by a	2451	slow :) L<AnyEvent::Handle> abstraction beats both POE and IO::Lambda
2207	large margin, even though it does all of DNS, tcp-connect and socket I/O	2452	higher level ("unoptimised") abstractions by a large margin, even though
2208	in a non-blocking way.	2453	it does all of DNS, tcp-connect and socket I/O in a non-blocking way.
2209		2454
2210	The two AnyEvent benchmarks programs can be found as F<eg/ae0.pl> and	2455	The two AnyEvent benchmarks programs can be found as F<eg/ae0.pl> and
2211	F<eg/ae2.pl> in the AnyEvent distribution, the remaining benchmarks are	2456	F<eg/ae2.pl> in the AnyEvent distribution, the remaining benchmarks are
2212	part of the IO::lambda distribution and were used without any changes.	2457	part of the IO::Lambda distribution and were used without any changes.
2213		2458
2214		2459
2215	=head1 SIGNALS	2460	=head1 SIGNALS
2216		2461
2217	AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals:	2462	AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals:
…		…
2259	it's built-in modules) are required to use it.	2504	it's built-in modules) are required to use it.
2260		2505
2261	That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional	2506	That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional
2262	modules if they are installed.	2507	modules if they are installed.
2263		2508
2264	This section epxlains which additional modules will be used, and how they	2509	This section explains which additional modules will be used, and how they
2265	affect AnyEvent's operetion.	2510	affect AnyEvent's operation.
2266		2511
2267	=over 4	2512	=over 4
2268		2513
2269	=item L<Async::Interrupt>	2514	=item L<Async::Interrupt>
2270		2515
2271	This slightly arcane module is used to implement fast signal handling: To	2516	This slightly arcane module is used to implement fast signal handling: To
2272	my knowledge, there is no way to do completely race-free and quick	2517	my knowledge, there is no way to do completely race-free and quick
2273	signal handling in pure perl. To ensure that signals still get	2518	signal handling in pure perl. To ensure that signals still get
2274	delivered, AnyEvent will start an interval timer to wake up perl (and	2519	delivered, AnyEvent will start an interval timer to wake up perl (and
2275	catch the signals) with soemd elay (default is 10 seconds, look for	2520	catch the signals) with some delay (default is 10 seconds, look for
2276	C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>).	2521	C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>).
2277		2522
2278	If this module is available, then it will be used to implement signal	2523	If this module is available, then it will be used to implement signal
2279	catching, which means that signals will not be delayed, and the event loop	2524	catching, which means that signals will not be delayed, and the event loop
2280	will not be interrupted regularly, which is more efficient (And good for	2525	will not be interrupted regularly, which is more efficient (and good for
2281	battery life on laptops).	2526	battery life on laptops).
2282		2527
2283	This affects not just the pure-perl event loop, but also other event loops	2528	This affects not just the pure-perl event loop, but also other event loops
2284	that have no signal handling on their own (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt).	2529	that have no signal handling on their own (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt).
		2530
		2531	Some event loops (POE, Event, Event::Lib) offer signal watchers natively,
		2532	and either employ their own workarounds (POE) or use AnyEvent's workaround
		2533	(using C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>). Installing L<Async::Interrupt>
		2534	does nothing for those backends.
2285		2535
2286	=item L<EV>	2536	=item L<EV>
2287		2537
2288	This module isn't really "optional", as it is simply one of the backend	2538	This module isn't really "optional", as it is simply one of the backend
2289	event loops that AnyEvent can use. However, it is simply the best event	2539	event loops that AnyEvent can use. However, it is simply the best event
…		…
2292	automatic timer adjustments even when no monotonic clock is available,	2542	automatic timer adjustments even when no monotonic clock is available,
2293	can take avdantage of advanced kernel interfaces such as C<epoll> and	2543	can take avdantage of advanced kernel interfaces such as C<epoll> and
2294	C<kqueue>, and is the fastest backend I<by far>. You can even embed	2544	C<kqueue>, and is the fastest backend I<by far>. You can even embed
2295	L<Glib>/L<Gtk2> in it (or vice versa, see L<EV::Glib> and L<Glib::EV>).	2545	L<Glib>/L<Gtk2> in it (or vice versa, see L<EV::Glib> and L<Glib::EV>).
2296		2546
		2547	If you only use backends that rely on another event loop (e.g. C<Tk>),
		2548	then this module will do nothing for you.
		2549
2297	=item L<Guard>	2550	=item L<Guard>
2298		2551
2299	The guard module, when used, will be used to implement	2552	The guard module, when used, will be used to implement
2300	C<AnyEvent::Util::guard>. This speeds up guards considerably (and uses a	2553	C<AnyEvent::Util::guard>. This speeds up guards considerably (and uses a
2301	lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is	2554	lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is
2302	purely used for performance.	2555	purely used for performance.
2303		2556
2304	=item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS>	2557	=item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS>
2305		2558
2306	This module is required when you want to read or write JSON data via	2559	One of these modules is required when you want to read or write JSON data
2307	L<AnyEvent::Handle>. It is also written in pure-perl, but can take	2560	via L<AnyEvent::Handle>. L<JSON> is also written in pure-perl, but can take
2308	advantage of the ulta-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed.	2561	advantage of the ultra-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed.
2309
2310	In fact, L<AnyEvent::Handle> will use L<JSON::XS> by default if it is
2311	installed.
2312		2562
2313	=item L<Net::SSLeay>	2563	=item L<Net::SSLeay>
2314		2564
2315	Implementing TLS/SSL in Perl is certainly interesting, but not very	2565	Implementing TLS/SSL in Perl is certainly interesting, but not very
2316	worthwhile: If this module is installed, then L<AnyEvent::Handle> (with	2566	worthwhile: If this module is installed, then L<AnyEvent::Handle> (with
…		…
2327		2577
2328		2578
2329	=head1 FORK	2579	=head1 FORK
2330		2580
2331	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are	2581	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are
2332	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll>	2582	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll> calls
2333	calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware.	2583	- higher performance APIs such as BSD's kqueue or the dreaded Linux epoll
		2584	are usually badly thought-out hacks that are incompatible with fork in
		2585	one way or another. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware and ensures that you
		2586	continue event-processing in both parent and child (or both, if you know
		2587	what you are doing).
		2588
		2589	This means that, in general, you cannot fork and do event processing in
		2590	the child if the event library was initialised before the fork (which
		2591	usually happens when the first AnyEvent watcher is created, or the library
		2592	is loaded).
2334		2593
2335	If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first	2594	If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first
2336	watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child OR you must do	2595	watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child OR you must do
2337	something completely out of the scope of AnyEvent.	2596	something completely out of the scope of AnyEvent.
		2597
		2598	The problem of doing event processing in the parent I<and> the child
		2599	is much more complicated: even for backends that I<are> fork-aware or
		2600	fork-safe, their behaviour is not usually what you want: fork clones all
		2601	watchers, that means all timers, I/O watchers etc. are active in both
		2602	parent and child, which is almost never what you want. USing C<exec>
		2603	to start worker children from some kind of manage rprocess is usually
		2604	preferred, because it is much easier and cleaner, at the expense of having
		2605	to have another binary.
2338		2606
2339		2607
2340	=head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS	2608	=head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
2341		2609
2342	AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via	2610	AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via
…		…
2380	L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>.	2648	L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>.
2381		2649
2382	Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>,	2650	Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>,
2383	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>,	2651	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>,
2384	L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>,	2652	L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>,
2385	L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>.	2653	L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>, L<Anyevent::Impl::Irssi>.
2386		2654
2387	Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and	2655	Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and
2388	servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>.	2656	servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>.
2389		2657
2390	Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>.	2658	Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>.

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Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents): Revision 1.246 by root, Sat Jul 18 15:51:52 2009 UTC vs. Revision 1.317 by root, Wed Mar 24 21:22:57 2010 UTC

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Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.246 by root, Sat Jul 18 15:51:52 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.317 by root, Wed Mar 24 21:22:57 2010 UTC