1 | =head1 NAME |
1 | =head1 NAME |
2 | |
2 | |
3 | AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops |
3 | AnyEvent - the DBI of event loop programming |
4 | |
4 | |
5 | EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt and POE are various supported |
5 | EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Irssi, rxvt-unicode, IO::Async, Qt, |
6 | event loops. |
6 | FLTK and POE are various supported event loops/environments. |
7 | |
7 | |
8 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
8 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
9 | |
9 | |
10 | use AnyEvent; |
10 | use AnyEvent; |
11 | |
11 | |
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12 | # if you prefer function calls, look at the AE manpage for |
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13 | # an alternative API. |
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14 | |
12 | # file descriptor readable |
15 | # file handle or descriptor readable |
13 | my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r", cb => sub { ... }); |
16 | my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r", cb => sub { ... }); |
14 | |
17 | |
15 | # one-shot or repeating timers |
18 | # one-shot or repeating timers |
16 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { ... }); |
19 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { ... }); |
17 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, interval => $seconds, cb => ... |
20 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, interval => $seconds, cb => ...); |
18 | |
21 | |
19 | print AnyEvent->now; # prints current event loop time |
22 | print AnyEvent->now; # prints current event loop time |
20 | print AnyEvent->time; # think Time::HiRes::time or simply CORE::time. |
23 | print AnyEvent->time; # think Time::HiRes::time or simply CORE::time. |
21 | |
24 | |
22 | # POSIX signal |
25 | # POSIX signal |
… | |
… | |
40 | =head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL |
43 | =head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL |
41 | |
44 | |
42 | This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested |
45 | This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested |
43 | in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the |
46 | in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the |
44 | L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage. |
47 | L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage. |
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48 | |
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49 | =head1 SUPPORT |
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50 | |
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51 | An FAQ document is available as L<AnyEvent::FAQ>. |
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52 | |
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53 | There also is a mailinglist for discussing all things AnyEvent, and an IRC |
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54 | channel, too. |
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55 | |
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56 | See the AnyEvent project page at the B<Schmorpforge Ta-Sa Software |
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57 | Repository>, at L<http://anyevent.schmorp.de>, for more info. |
45 | |
58 | |
46 | =head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT) |
59 | =head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT) |
47 | |
60 | |
48 | Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen |
61 | Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen |
49 | nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent? |
62 | nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent? |
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65 | module users into the same thing by forcing them to use the same event |
78 | module users into the same thing by forcing them to use the same event |
66 | model you use. |
79 | model you use. |
67 | |
80 | |
68 | For modules like POE or IO::Async (which is a total misnomer as it is |
81 | For modules like POE or IO::Async (which is a total misnomer as it is |
69 | actually doing all I/O I<synchronously>...), using them in your module is |
82 | actually doing all I/O I<synchronously>...), using them in your module is |
70 | like joining a cult: After you joined, you are dependent on them and you |
83 | like joining a cult: After you join, you are dependent on them and you |
71 | cannot use anything else, as they are simply incompatible to everything |
84 | cannot use anything else, as they are simply incompatible to everything |
72 | that isn't them. What's worse, all the potential users of your |
85 | that isn't them. What's worse, all the potential users of your |
73 | module are I<also> forced to use the same event loop you use. |
86 | module are I<also> forced to use the same event loop you use. |
74 | |
87 | |
75 | AnyEvent is different: AnyEvent + POE works fine. AnyEvent + Glib works |
88 | AnyEvent is different: AnyEvent + POE works fine. AnyEvent + Glib works |
76 | fine. AnyEvent + Tk works fine etc. etc. but none of these work together |
89 | fine. AnyEvent + Tk works fine etc. etc. but none of these work together |
77 | with the rest: POE + IO::Async? No go. Tk + Event? No go. Again: if |
90 | with the rest: POE + EV? No go. Tk + Event? No go. Again: if your module |
78 | your module uses one of those, every user of your module has to use it, |
91 | uses one of those, every user of your module has to use it, too. But if |
79 | too. But if your module uses AnyEvent, it works transparently with all |
92 | your module uses AnyEvent, it works transparently with all event models it |
80 | event models it supports (including stuff like IO::Async, as long as those |
93 | supports (including stuff like IO::Async, as long as those use one of the |
81 | use one of the supported event loops. It is trivial to add new event loops |
94 | supported event loops. It is easy to add new event loops to AnyEvent, too, |
82 | to AnyEvent, too, so it is future-proof). |
95 | so it is future-proof). |
83 | |
96 | |
84 | In addition to being free of having to use I<the one and only true event |
97 | In addition to being free of having to use I<the one and only true event |
85 | model>, AnyEvent also is free of bloat and policy: with POE or similar |
98 | model>, AnyEvent also is free of bloat and policy: with POE or similar |
86 | modules, you get an enormous amount of code and strict rules you have to |
99 | modules, you get an enormous amount of code and strict rules you have to |
87 | follow. AnyEvent, on the other hand, is lean and up to the point, by only |
100 | follow. AnyEvent, on the other hand, is lean and to the point, by only |
88 | offering the functionality that is necessary, in as thin as a wrapper as |
101 | offering the functionality that is necessary, in as thin as a wrapper as |
89 | technically possible. |
102 | technically possible. |
90 | |
103 | |
91 | Of course, AnyEvent comes with a big (and fully optional!) toolbox |
104 | Of course, AnyEvent comes with a big (and fully optional!) toolbox |
92 | of useful functionality, such as an asynchronous DNS resolver, 100% |
105 | of useful functionality, such as an asynchronous DNS resolver, 100% |
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98 | useful) and you want to force your users to use the one and only event |
111 | useful) and you want to force your users to use the one and only event |
99 | model, you should I<not> use this module. |
112 | model, you should I<not> use this module. |
100 | |
113 | |
101 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
114 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
102 | |
115 | |
103 | L<AnyEvent> provides an identical interface to multiple event loops. This |
116 | L<AnyEvent> provides a uniform interface to various event loops. This |
104 | allows module authors to utilise an event loop without forcing module |
117 | allows module authors to use event loop functionality without forcing |
105 | users to use the same event loop (as only a single event loop can coexist |
118 | module users to use a specific event loop implementation (since more |
106 | peacefully at any one time). |
119 | than one event loop cannot coexist peacefully). |
107 | |
120 | |
108 | The interface itself is vaguely similar, but not identical to the L<Event> |
121 | The interface itself is vaguely similar, but not identical to the L<Event> |
109 | module. |
122 | module. |
110 | |
123 | |
111 | During the first call of any watcher-creation method, the module tries |
124 | During the first call of any watcher-creation method, the module tries |
112 | to detect the currently loaded event loop by probing whether one of the |
125 | to detect the currently loaded event loop by probing whether one of the |
113 | following modules is already loaded: L<EV>, |
126 | following modules is already loaded: L<EV>, L<AnyEvent::Loop>, |
114 | L<Event>, L<Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, |
127 | L<Event>, L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>. The first one |
115 | L<POE>. The first one found is used. If none are found, the module tries |
128 | found is used. If none are detected, the module tries to load the first |
116 | to load these modules (excluding Tk, Event::Lib, Qt and POE as the pure perl |
129 | four modules in the order given; but note that if L<EV> is not |
117 | adaptor should always succeed) in the order given. The first one that can |
130 | available, the pure-perl L<AnyEvent::Loop> should always work, so |
118 | be successfully loaded will be used. If, after this, still none could be |
131 | the other two are not normally tried. |
119 | found, AnyEvent will fall back to a pure-perl event loop, which is not |
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120 | very efficient, but should work everywhere. |
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121 | |
132 | |
122 | Because AnyEvent first checks for modules that are already loaded, loading |
133 | Because AnyEvent first checks for modules that are already loaded, loading |
123 | an event model explicitly before first using AnyEvent will likely make |
134 | an event model explicitly before first using AnyEvent will likely make |
124 | that model the default. For example: |
135 | that model the default. For example: |
125 | |
136 | |
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127 | use AnyEvent; |
138 | use AnyEvent; |
128 | |
139 | |
129 | # .. AnyEvent will likely default to Tk |
140 | # .. AnyEvent will likely default to Tk |
130 | |
141 | |
131 | The I<likely> means that, if any module loads another event model and |
142 | The I<likely> means that, if any module loads another event model and |
132 | starts using it, all bets are off. Maybe you should tell their authors to |
143 | starts using it, all bets are off - this case should be very rare though, |
133 | use AnyEvent so their modules work together with others seamlessly... |
144 | as very few modules hardcode event loops without announcing this very |
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145 | loudly. |
134 | |
146 | |
135 | The pure-perl implementation of AnyEvent is called |
147 | The pure-perl implementation of AnyEvent is called C<AnyEvent::Loop>. Like |
136 | C<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>. Like other event modules you can load it |
148 | other event modules you can load it explicitly and enjoy the high |
137 | explicitly and enjoy the high availability of that event loop :) |
149 | availability of that event loop :) |
138 | |
150 | |
139 | =head1 WATCHERS |
151 | =head1 WATCHERS |
140 | |
152 | |
141 | AnyEvent has the central concept of a I<watcher>, which is an object that |
153 | AnyEvent has the central concept of a I<watcher>, which is an object that |
142 | stores relevant data for each kind of event you are waiting for, such as |
154 | stores relevant data for each kind of event you are waiting for, such as |
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147 | callback when the event occurs (of course, only when the event model |
159 | callback when the event occurs (of course, only when the event model |
148 | is in control). |
160 | is in control). |
149 | |
161 | |
150 | Note that B<callbacks must not permanently change global variables> |
162 | Note that B<callbacks must not permanently change global variables> |
151 | potentially in use by the event loop (such as C<$_> or C<$[>) and that B<< |
163 | potentially in use by the event loop (such as C<$_> or C<$[>) and that B<< |
152 | callbacks must not C<die> >>. The former is good programming practise in |
164 | callbacks must not C<die> >>. The former is good programming practice in |
153 | Perl and the latter stems from the fact that exception handling differs |
165 | Perl and the latter stems from the fact that exception handling differs |
154 | widely between event loops. |
166 | widely between event loops. |
155 | |
167 | |
156 | To disable the watcher you have to destroy it (e.g. by setting the |
168 | To disable a watcher you have to destroy it (e.g. by setting the |
157 | variable you store it in to C<undef> or otherwise deleting all references |
169 | variable you store it in to C<undef> or otherwise deleting all references |
158 | to it). |
170 | to it). |
159 | |
171 | |
160 | All watchers are created by calling a method on the C<AnyEvent> class. |
172 | All watchers are created by calling a method on the C<AnyEvent> class. |
161 | |
173 | |
162 | Many watchers either are used with "recursion" (repeating timers for |
174 | Many watchers either are used with "recursion" (repeating timers for |
163 | example), or need to refer to their watcher object in other ways. |
175 | example), or need to refer to their watcher object in other ways. |
164 | |
176 | |
165 | An any way to achieve that is this pattern: |
177 | One way to achieve that is this pattern: |
166 | |
178 | |
167 | my $w; $w = AnyEvent->type (arg => value ..., cb => sub { |
179 | my $w; $w = AnyEvent->type (arg => value ..., cb => sub { |
168 | # you can use $w here, for example to undef it |
180 | # you can use $w here, for example to undef it |
169 | undef $w; |
181 | undef $w; |
170 | }); |
182 | }); |
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172 | Note that C<my $w; $w => combination. This is necessary because in Perl, |
184 | Note that C<my $w; $w => combination. This is necessary because in Perl, |
173 | my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are |
185 | my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are |
174 | declared. |
186 | declared. |
175 | |
187 | |
176 | =head2 I/O WATCHERS |
188 | =head2 I/O WATCHERS |
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189 | |
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190 | $w = AnyEvent->io ( |
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191 | fh => <filehandle_or_fileno>, |
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192 | poll => <"r" or "w">, |
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193 | cb => <callback>, |
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194 | ); |
177 | |
195 | |
178 | You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method |
196 | You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method |
179 | with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments: |
197 | with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments: |
180 | |
198 | |
181 | C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch |
199 | C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch |
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196 | |
214 | |
197 | The I/O watcher might use the underlying file descriptor or a copy of it. |
215 | The I/O watcher might use the underlying file descriptor or a copy of it. |
198 | You must not close a file handle as long as any watcher is active on the |
216 | You must not close a file handle as long as any watcher is active on the |
199 | underlying file descriptor. |
217 | underlying file descriptor. |
200 | |
218 | |
201 | Some event loops issue spurious readyness notifications, so you should |
219 | Some event loops issue spurious readiness notifications, so you should |
202 | always use non-blocking calls when reading/writing from/to your file |
220 | always use non-blocking calls when reading/writing from/to your file |
203 | handles. |
221 | handles. |
204 | |
222 | |
205 | Example: wait for readability of STDIN, then read a line and disable the |
223 | Example: wait for readability of STDIN, then read a line and disable the |
206 | watcher. |
224 | watcher. |
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211 | undef $w; |
229 | undef $w; |
212 | }); |
230 | }); |
213 | |
231 | |
214 | =head2 TIME WATCHERS |
232 | =head2 TIME WATCHERS |
215 | |
233 | |
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234 | $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => <seconds>, cb => <callback>); |
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235 | |
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236 | $w = AnyEvent->timer ( |
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237 | after => <fractional_seconds>, |
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238 | interval => <fractional_seconds>, |
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239 | cb => <callback>, |
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240 | ); |
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241 | |
216 | You can create a time watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->timer >> |
242 | You can create a time watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->timer >> |
217 | method with the following mandatory arguments: |
243 | method with the following mandatory arguments: |
218 | |
244 | |
219 | C<after> specifies after how many seconds (fractional values are |
245 | C<after> specifies after how many seconds (fractional values are |
220 | supported) the callback should be invoked. C<cb> is the callback to invoke |
246 | supported) the callback should be invoked. C<cb> is the callback to invoke |
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222 | |
248 | |
223 | Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and |
249 | Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and |
224 | presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent |
250 | presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent |
225 | callbacks cannot use arguments passed to time watcher callbacks. |
251 | callbacks cannot use arguments passed to time watcher callbacks. |
226 | |
252 | |
227 | The callback will normally be invoked once only. If you specify another |
253 | The callback will normally be invoked only once. If you specify another |
228 | parameter, C<interval>, as a strictly positive number (> 0), then the |
254 | parameter, C<interval>, as a strictly positive number (> 0), then the |
229 | callback will be invoked regularly at that interval (in fractional |
255 | callback will be invoked regularly at that interval (in fractional |
230 | seconds) after the first invocation. If C<interval> is specified with a |
256 | seconds) after the first invocation. If C<interval> is specified with a |
231 | false value, then it is treated as if it were missing. |
257 | false value, then it is treated as if it were not specified at all. |
232 | |
258 | |
233 | The callback will be rescheduled before invoking the callback, but no |
259 | The callback will be rescheduled before invoking the callback, but no |
234 | attempt is done to avoid timer drift in most backends, so the interval is |
260 | attempt is made to avoid timer drift in most backends, so the interval is |
235 | only approximate. |
261 | only approximate. |
236 | |
262 | |
237 | Example: fire an event after 7.7 seconds. |
263 | Example: fire an event after 7.7 seconds. |
238 | |
264 | |
239 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 7.7, cb => sub { |
265 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 7.7, cb => sub { |
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257 | |
283 | |
258 | While most event loops expect timers to specified in a relative way, they |
284 | While most event loops expect timers to specified in a relative way, they |
259 | use absolute time internally. This makes a difference when your clock |
285 | use absolute time internally. This makes a difference when your clock |
260 | "jumps", for example, when ntp decides to set your clock backwards from |
286 | "jumps", for example, when ntp decides to set your clock backwards from |
261 | the wrong date of 2014-01-01 to 2008-01-01, a watcher that is supposed to |
287 | the wrong date of 2014-01-01 to 2008-01-01, a watcher that is supposed to |
262 | fire "after" a second might actually take six years to finally fire. |
288 | fire "after a second" might actually take six years to finally fire. |
263 | |
289 | |
264 | AnyEvent cannot compensate for this. The only event loop that is conscious |
290 | AnyEvent cannot compensate for this. The only event loop that is conscious |
265 | about these issues is L<EV>, which offers both relative (ev_timer, based |
291 | of these issues is L<EV>, which offers both relative (ev_timer, based |
266 | on true relative time) and absolute (ev_periodic, based on wallclock time) |
292 | on true relative time) and absolute (ev_periodic, based on wallclock time) |
267 | timers. |
293 | timers. |
268 | |
294 | |
269 | AnyEvent always prefers relative timers, if available, matching the |
295 | AnyEvent always prefers relative timers, if available, matching the |
270 | AnyEvent API. |
296 | AnyEvent API. |
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292 | I<In almost all cases (in all cases if you don't care), this is the |
318 | I<In almost all cases (in all cases if you don't care), this is the |
293 | function to call when you want to know the current time.> |
319 | function to call when you want to know the current time.> |
294 | |
320 | |
295 | This function is also often faster then C<< AnyEvent->time >>, and |
321 | This function is also often faster then C<< AnyEvent->time >>, and |
296 | thus the preferred method if you want some timestamp (for example, |
322 | thus the preferred method if you want some timestamp (for example, |
297 | L<AnyEvent::Handle> uses this to update it's activity timeouts). |
323 | L<AnyEvent::Handle> uses this to update its activity timeouts). |
298 | |
324 | |
299 | The rest of this section is only of relevance if you try to be very exact |
325 | The rest of this section is only of relevance if you try to be very exact |
300 | with your timing, you can skip it without bad conscience. |
326 | with your timing; you can skip it without a bad conscience. |
301 | |
327 | |
302 | For a practical example of when these times differ, consider L<Event::Lib> |
328 | For a practical example of when these times differ, consider L<Event::Lib> |
303 | and L<EV> and the following set-up: |
329 | and L<EV> and the following set-up: |
304 | |
330 | |
305 | The event loop is running and has just invoked one of your callback at |
331 | The event loop is running and has just invoked one of your callbacks at |
306 | time=500 (assume no other callbacks delay processing). In your callback, |
332 | time=500 (assume no other callbacks delay processing). In your callback, |
307 | you wait a second by executing C<sleep 1> (blocking the process for a |
333 | you wait a second by executing C<sleep 1> (blocking the process for a |
308 | second) and then (at time=501) you create a relative timer that fires |
334 | second) and then (at time=501) you create a relative timer that fires |
309 | after three seconds. |
335 | after three seconds. |
310 | |
336 | |
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330 | difference between C<< AnyEvent->time >> and C<< AnyEvent->now >> into |
356 | difference between C<< AnyEvent->time >> and C<< AnyEvent->now >> into |
331 | account. |
357 | account. |
332 | |
358 | |
333 | =item AnyEvent->now_update |
359 | =item AnyEvent->now_update |
334 | |
360 | |
335 | Some event loops (such as L<EV> or L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) cache |
361 | Some event loops (such as L<EV> or L<AnyEvent::Loop>) cache the current |
336 | the current time for each loop iteration (see the discussion of L<< |
362 | time for each loop iteration (see the discussion of L<< AnyEvent->now >>, |
337 | AnyEvent->now >>, above). |
363 | above). |
338 | |
364 | |
339 | When a callback runs for a long time (or when the process sleeps), then |
365 | When a callback runs for a long time (or when the process sleeps), then |
340 | this "current" time will differ substantially from the real time, which |
366 | this "current" time will differ substantially from the real time, which |
341 | might affect timers and time-outs. |
367 | might affect timers and time-outs. |
342 | |
368 | |
343 | When this is the case, you can call this method, which will update the |
369 | When this is the case, you can call this method, which will update the |
344 | event loop's idea of "current time". |
370 | event loop's idea of "current time". |
345 | |
371 | |
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372 | A typical example would be a script in a web server (e.g. C<mod_perl>) - |
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373 | when mod_perl executes the script, then the event loop will have the wrong |
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374 | idea about the "current time" (being potentially far in the past, when the |
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375 | script ran the last time). In that case you should arrange a call to C<< |
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376 | AnyEvent->now_update >> each time the web server process wakes up again |
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377 | (e.g. at the start of your script, or in a handler). |
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378 | |
346 | Note that updating the time I<might> cause some events to be handled. |
379 | Note that updating the time I<might> cause some events to be handled. |
347 | |
380 | |
348 | =back |
381 | =back |
349 | |
382 | |
350 | =head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS |
383 | =head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS |
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384 | |
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385 | $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => <uppercase_signal_name>, cb => <callback>); |
351 | |
386 | |
352 | You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal |
387 | You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal |
353 | I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl |
388 | I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl |
354 | callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs. |
389 | callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs. |
355 | |
390 | |
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368 | |
403 | |
369 | This watcher might use C<%SIG> (depending on the event loop used), |
404 | This watcher might use C<%SIG> (depending on the event loop used), |
370 | so programs overwriting those signals directly will likely not work |
405 | so programs overwriting those signals directly will likely not work |
371 | correctly. |
406 | correctly. |
372 | |
407 | |
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408 | Example: exit on SIGINT |
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409 | |
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410 | my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 }); |
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411 | |
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412 | =head3 Restart Behaviour |
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413 | |
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414 | While restart behaviour is up to the event loop implementation, most will |
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415 | not restart syscalls (that includes L<Async::Interrupt> and AnyEvent's |
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416 | pure perl implementation). |
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417 | |
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418 | =head3 Safe/Unsafe Signals |
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419 | |
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420 | Perl signals can be either "safe" (synchronous to opcode handling) or |
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421 | "unsafe" (asynchronous) - the former might get delayed indefinitely, the |
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422 | latter might corrupt your memory. |
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423 | |
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424 | AnyEvent signal handlers are, in addition, synchronous to the event loop, |
|
|
425 | i.e. they will not interrupt your running perl program but will only be |
|
|
426 | called as part of the normal event handling (just like timer, I/O etc. |
|
|
427 | callbacks, too). |
|
|
428 | |
|
|
429 | =head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds |
|
|
430 | |
373 | Also note that many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not |
431 | Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support attaching |
374 | support attaching callbacks to signals, which is a pity, as you cannot do |
432 | callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot |
375 | race-free signal handling in perl. AnyEvent will try to do it's best, but |
433 | do race-free signal handling in perl, requiring C libraries for |
|
|
434 | this. AnyEvent will try to do its best, which means in some cases, |
376 | in some cases, signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might |
435 | signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might be delayed is |
377 | be delayed is specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10 |
436 | specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10 seconds). This |
378 | seconds). This variable can be changed only before the first signal |
437 | variable can be changed only before the first signal watcher is created, |
379 | watcher is created, and should be left alone otherwise. Higher values |
438 | and should be left alone otherwise. This variable determines how often |
|
|
439 | AnyEvent polls for signals (in case a wake-up was missed). Higher values |
380 | will cause fewer spurious wake-ups, which is better for power and CPU |
440 | will cause fewer spurious wake-ups, which is better for power and CPU |
|
|
441 | saving. |
|
|
442 | |
381 | saving. All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional |
443 | All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional |
382 | L<Async::Interrupt> module. |
444 | L<Async::Interrupt> module, which works with most event loops. It will not |
383 | |
445 | work with inherently broken event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib> |
384 | Example: exit on SIGINT |
446 | (and not with L<POE> currently, as POE does its own workaround with |
385 | |
447 | one-second latency). For those, you just have to suffer the delays. |
386 | my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 }); |
|
|
387 | |
448 | |
388 | =head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS |
449 | =head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS |
389 | |
450 | |
|
|
451 | $w = AnyEvent->child (pid => <process id>, cb => <callback>); |
|
|
452 | |
390 | You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status. |
453 | You can also watch for a child process exit and catch its exit status. |
391 | |
454 | |
392 | The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (if set to C<0>, it |
455 | The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (on some backends, |
393 | watches for any child process exit). The watcher will triggered only when |
456 | using C<0> watches for any child process exit, on others this will |
394 | the child process has finished and an exit status is available, not on |
457 | croak). The watcher will be triggered only when the child process has |
395 | any trace events (stopped/continued). |
458 | finished and an exit status is available, not on any trace events |
|
|
459 | (stopped/continued). |
396 | |
460 | |
397 | The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by |
461 | The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by |
398 | waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher |
462 | waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher |
399 | callback arguments. |
463 | callback arguments. |
400 | |
464 | |
… | |
… | |
418 | thing in an AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one |
482 | thing in an AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one |
419 | watcher before you C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call |
483 | watcher before you C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call |
420 | C<AnyEvent::detect>). |
484 | C<AnyEvent::detect>). |
421 | |
485 | |
422 | As most event loops do not support waiting for child events, they will be |
486 | As most event loops do not support waiting for child events, they will be |
423 | emulated by AnyEvent in most cases, in which the latency and race problems |
487 | emulated by AnyEvent in most cases, in which case the latency and race |
424 | mentioned in the description of signal watchers apply. |
488 | problems mentioned in the description of signal watchers apply. |
425 | |
489 | |
426 | Example: fork a process and wait for it |
490 | Example: fork a process and wait for it |
427 | |
491 | |
428 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
492 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
429 | |
493 | |
… | |
… | |
441 | # do something else, then wait for process exit |
505 | # do something else, then wait for process exit |
442 | $done->recv; |
506 | $done->recv; |
443 | |
507 | |
444 | =head2 IDLE WATCHERS |
508 | =head2 IDLE WATCHERS |
445 | |
509 | |
446 | Sometimes there is a need to do something, but it is not so important |
510 | $w = AnyEvent->idle (cb => <callback>); |
447 | to do it instantly, but only when there is nothing better to do. This |
|
|
448 | "nothing better to do" is usually defined to be "no other events need |
|
|
449 | attention by the event loop". |
|
|
450 | |
511 | |
451 | Idle watchers ideally get invoked when the event loop has nothing |
512 | This will repeatedly invoke the callback after the process becomes idle, |
452 | better to do, just before it would block the process to wait for new |
513 | until either the watcher is destroyed or new events have been detected. |
453 | events. Instead of blocking, the idle watcher is invoked. |
|
|
454 | |
514 | |
455 | Most event loops unfortunately do not really support idle watchers (only |
515 | Idle watchers are useful when there is a need to do something, but it |
|
|
516 | is not so important (or wise) to do it instantly. The callback will be |
|
|
517 | invoked only when there is "nothing better to do", which is usually |
|
|
518 | defined as "all outstanding events have been handled and no new events |
|
|
519 | have been detected". That means that idle watchers ideally get invoked |
|
|
520 | when the event loop has just polled for new events but none have been |
|
|
521 | detected. Instead of blocking to wait for more events, the idle watchers |
|
|
522 | will be invoked. |
|
|
523 | |
|
|
524 | Unfortunately, most event loops do not really support idle watchers (only |
456 | EV, Event and Glib do it in a usable fashion) - for the rest, AnyEvent |
525 | EV, Event and Glib do it in a usable fashion) - for the rest, AnyEvent |
457 | will simply call the callback "from time to time". |
526 | will simply call the callback "from time to time". |
458 | |
527 | |
459 | Example: read lines from STDIN, but only process them when the |
528 | Example: read lines from STDIN, but only process them when the |
460 | program is otherwise idle: |
529 | program is otherwise idle: |
… | |
… | |
476 | }); |
545 | }); |
477 | }); |
546 | }); |
478 | |
547 | |
479 | =head2 CONDITION VARIABLES |
548 | =head2 CONDITION VARIABLES |
480 | |
549 | |
|
|
550 | $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
|
|
551 | |
|
|
552 | $cv->send (<list>); |
|
|
553 | my @res = $cv->recv; |
|
|
554 | |
481 | If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them |
555 | If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them |
482 | require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that |
556 | require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that |
483 | will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks. |
557 | will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks. |
484 | |
558 | |
485 | AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event |
559 | AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event |
486 | loop and will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user). |
560 | loop and will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user). |
487 | |
561 | |
488 | The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called |
562 | The tool to do that is called a "condition variable", so called because |
489 | because they represent a condition that must become true. |
563 | they represent a condition that must become true. |
490 | |
564 | |
491 | Now is probably a good time to look at the examples further below. |
565 | Now is probably a good time to look at the examples further below. |
492 | |
566 | |
493 | Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar |
567 | Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar |
494 | >> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is |
568 | >> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is |
… | |
… | |
499 | After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true" |
573 | After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true" |
500 | by calling the C<send> method (or calling the condition variable as if it |
574 | by calling the C<send> method (or calling the condition variable as if it |
501 | were a callback, read about the caveats in the description for the C<< |
575 | were a callback, read about the caveats in the description for the C<< |
502 | ->send >> method). |
576 | ->send >> method). |
503 | |
577 | |
504 | Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can |
578 | Since condition variables are the most complex part of the AnyEvent API, here are |
505 | optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points |
579 | some different mental models of what they are - pick the ones you can connect to: |
506 | in time where multiple outstanding events have been processed. And yet |
580 | |
507 | another way to call them is transactions - each condition variable can be |
581 | =over 4 |
508 | used to represent a transaction, which finishes at some point and delivers |
582 | |
509 | a result. |
583 | =item * Condition variables are like callbacks - you can call them (and pass them instead |
|
|
584 | of callbacks). Unlike callbacks however, you can also wait for them to be called. |
|
|
585 | |
|
|
586 | =item * Condition variables are signals - one side can emit or send them, |
|
|
587 | the other side can wait for them, or install a handler that is called when |
|
|
588 | the signal fires. |
|
|
589 | |
|
|
590 | =item * Condition variables are like "Merge Points" - points in your program |
|
|
591 | where you merge multiple independent results/control flows into one. |
|
|
592 | |
|
|
593 | =item * Condition variables represent a transaction - functions that start |
|
|
594 | some kind of transaction can return them, leaving the caller the choice |
|
|
595 | between waiting in a blocking fashion, or setting a callback. |
|
|
596 | |
|
|
597 | =item * Condition variables represent future values, or promises to deliver |
|
|
598 | some result, long before the result is available. |
|
|
599 | |
|
|
600 | =back |
510 | |
601 | |
511 | Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished, |
602 | Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished, |
512 | for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests, |
603 | for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests, |
513 | then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the |
604 | then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the |
514 | availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is |
605 | availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is |
… | |
… | |
527 | |
618 | |
528 | Condition variables are represented by hash refs in perl, and the keys |
619 | Condition variables are represented by hash refs in perl, and the keys |
529 | used by AnyEvent itself are all named C<_ae_XXX> to make subclassing |
620 | used by AnyEvent itself are all named C<_ae_XXX> to make subclassing |
530 | easy (it is often useful to build your own transaction class on top of |
621 | easy (it is often useful to build your own transaction class on top of |
531 | AnyEvent). To subclass, use C<AnyEvent::CondVar> as base class and call |
622 | AnyEvent). To subclass, use C<AnyEvent::CondVar> as base class and call |
532 | it's C<new> method in your own C<new> method. |
623 | its C<new> method in your own C<new> method. |
533 | |
624 | |
534 | There are two "sides" to a condition variable - the "producer side" which |
625 | There are two "sides" to a condition variable - the "producer side" which |
535 | eventually calls C<< -> send >>, and the "consumer side", which waits |
626 | eventually calls C<< -> send >>, and the "consumer side", which waits |
536 | for the send to occur. |
627 | for the send to occur. |
537 | |
628 | |
538 | Example: wait for a timer. |
629 | Example: wait for a timer. |
539 | |
630 | |
540 | # wait till the result is ready |
631 | # condition: "wait till the timer is fired" |
541 | my $result_ready = AnyEvent->condvar; |
632 | my $timer_fired = AnyEvent->condvar; |
542 | |
633 | |
543 | # do something such as adding a timer |
634 | # create the timer - we could wait for, say |
544 | # or socket watcher the calls $result_ready->send |
635 | # a handle becomign ready, or even an |
545 | # when the "result" is ready. |
636 | # AnyEvent::HTTP request to finish, but |
546 | # in this case, we simply use a timer: |
637 | # in this case, we simply use a timer: |
547 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer ( |
638 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer ( |
548 | after => 1, |
639 | after => 1, |
549 | cb => sub { $result_ready->send }, |
640 | cb => sub { $timer_fired->send }, |
550 | ); |
641 | ); |
551 | |
642 | |
552 | # this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback |
643 | # this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback |
553 | # calls -<send |
644 | # calls ->send |
554 | $result_ready->recv; |
645 | $timer_fired->recv; |
555 | |
646 | |
556 | Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition |
647 | Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition |
557 | variables are also callable directly. |
648 | variables are also callable directly. |
558 | |
649 | |
559 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
650 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
… | |
… | |
602 | they were a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling |
693 | they were a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling |
603 | C<send>. |
694 | C<send>. |
604 | |
695 | |
605 | =item $cv->croak ($error) |
696 | =item $cv->croak ($error) |
606 | |
697 | |
607 | Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke |
698 | Similar to send, but causes all calls to C<< ->recv >> to invoke |
608 | C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar. |
699 | C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar. |
609 | |
700 | |
610 | This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable |
701 | This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable |
611 | user/consumer. Doing it this way instead of calling C<croak> directly |
702 | user/consumer. Doing it this way instead of calling C<croak> directly |
612 | delays the error detetcion, but has the overwhelmign advantage that it |
703 | delays the error detection, but has the overwhelming advantage that it |
613 | diagnoses the error at the place where the result is expected, and not |
704 | diagnoses the error at the place where the result is expected, and not |
614 | deep in some event clalback without connection to the actual code causing |
705 | deep in some event callback with no connection to the actual code causing |
615 | the problem. |
706 | the problem. |
616 | |
707 | |
617 | =item $cv->begin ([group callback]) |
708 | =item $cv->begin ([group callback]) |
618 | |
709 | |
619 | =item $cv->end |
710 | =item $cv->end |
… | |
… | |
622 | one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want |
713 | one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want |
623 | to use a condition variable for the whole process. |
714 | to use a condition variable for the whole process. |
624 | |
715 | |
625 | Every call to C<< ->begin >> will increment a counter, and every call to |
716 | Every call to C<< ->begin >> will increment a counter, and every call to |
626 | C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end |
717 | C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end |
627 | >>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback |
718 | >>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed, passing the |
628 | is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no |
719 | condvar as first argument. That callback is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send |
629 | callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments. |
720 | >>, but that is not required. If no group callback was set, C<send> will |
|
|
721 | be called without any arguments. |
630 | |
722 | |
631 | You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call |
723 | You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call |
632 | sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND |
724 | sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND |
633 | condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends). |
725 | condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends). |
634 | |
726 | |
… | |
… | |
656 | one call to C<begin>, so the condvar waits for all calls to C<end> before |
748 | one call to C<begin>, so the condvar waits for all calls to C<end> before |
657 | sending. |
749 | sending. |
658 | |
750 | |
659 | The ping example mentioned above is slightly more complicated, as the |
751 | The ping example mentioned above is slightly more complicated, as the |
660 | there are results to be passwd back, and the number of tasks that are |
752 | there are results to be passwd back, and the number of tasks that are |
661 | begung can potentially be zero: |
753 | begun can potentially be zero: |
662 | |
754 | |
663 | my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
755 | my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
664 | |
756 | |
665 | my %result; |
757 | my %result; |
666 | $cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) }); |
758 | $cv->begin (sub { shift->send (\%result) }); |
667 | |
759 | |
668 | for my $host (@list_of_hosts) { |
760 | for my $host (@list_of_hosts) { |
669 | $cv->begin; |
761 | $cv->begin; |
670 | ping_host_then_call_callback $host, sub { |
762 | ping_host_then_call_callback $host, sub { |
671 | $result{$host} = ...; |
763 | $result{$host} = ...; |
… | |
… | |
687 | to be called once the counter reaches C<0>, and second, it ensures that |
779 | to be called once the counter reaches C<0>, and second, it ensures that |
688 | C<send> is called even when C<no> hosts are being pinged (the loop |
780 | C<send> is called even when C<no> hosts are being pinged (the loop |
689 | doesn't execute once). |
781 | doesn't execute once). |
690 | |
782 | |
691 | This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple (but |
783 | This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple (but |
692 | potentially none) subrequests: use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set |
784 | potentially zero) subrequests: use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set |
693 | the callback and ensure C<end> is called at least once, and then, for each |
785 | the callback and ensure C<end> is called at least once, and then, for each |
694 | subrequest you start, call C<begin> and for each subrequest you finish, |
786 | subrequest you start, call C<begin> and for each subrequest you finish, |
695 | call C<end>. |
787 | call C<end>. |
696 | |
788 | |
697 | =back |
789 | =back |
… | |
… | |
704 | =over 4 |
796 | =over 4 |
705 | |
797 | |
706 | =item $cv->recv |
798 | =item $cv->recv |
707 | |
799 | |
708 | Wait (blocking if necessary) until the C<< ->send >> or C<< ->croak |
800 | Wait (blocking if necessary) until the C<< ->send >> or C<< ->croak |
709 | >> methods have been called on c<$cv>, while servicing other watchers |
801 | >> methods have been called on C<$cv>, while servicing other watchers |
710 | normally. |
802 | normally. |
711 | |
803 | |
712 | You can only wait once on a condition - additional calls are valid but |
804 | You can only wait once on a condition - additional calls are valid but |
713 | will return immediately. |
805 | will return immediately. |
714 | |
806 | |
… | |
… | |
731 | caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling |
823 | caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling |
732 | condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting |
824 | condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting |
733 | callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block, |
825 | callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block, |
734 | while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires). |
826 | while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires). |
735 | |
827 | |
736 | You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and |
828 | You can ensure that C<< ->recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and |
737 | only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later |
829 | only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later |
738 | time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking |
830 | time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking |
739 | waits otherwise. |
831 | waits otherwise. |
740 | |
832 | |
741 | =item $bool = $cv->ready |
833 | =item $bool = $cv->ready |
… | |
… | |
747 | |
839 | |
748 | This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally |
840 | This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally |
749 | replaces it before doing so. |
841 | replaces it before doing so. |
750 | |
842 | |
751 | The callback will be called when the condition becomes "true", i.e. when |
843 | The callback will be called when the condition becomes "true", i.e. when |
752 | C<send> or C<croak> are called, with the only argument being the condition |
844 | C<send> or C<croak> are called, with the only argument being the |
753 | variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time |
845 | condition variable itself. If the condition is already true, the |
754 | is guaranteed not to block. |
846 | callback is called immediately when it is set. Calling C<recv> inside |
|
|
847 | the callback or at any later time is guaranteed not to block. |
755 | |
848 | |
756 | =back |
849 | =back |
757 | |
850 | |
758 | =head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS |
851 | =head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS |
759 | |
852 | |
… | |
… | |
762 | =over 4 |
855 | =over 4 |
763 | |
856 | |
764 | =item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found. |
857 | =item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found. |
765 | |
858 | |
766 | EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in |
859 | EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in |
767 | use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will try Event, and, failing |
860 | use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will fall back to its own |
768 | that, will fall back to its own pure-perl implementation, which is |
861 | pure-perl implementation, which is available everywhere as it comes with |
769 | available everywhere as it comes with AnyEvent itself. |
862 | AnyEvent itself. |
770 | |
863 | |
771 | AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice). |
864 | AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice). |
772 | AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches. |
|
|
773 | AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable. |
865 | AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl AnyEvent::Loop, fast and portable. |
774 | |
866 | |
775 | =item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used. |
867 | =item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used. |
776 | |
868 | |
777 | These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher |
869 | These will be used if they are already loaded when the first watcher |
778 | is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using |
870 | is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using |
779 | them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend |
871 | them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend |
780 | when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to |
872 | when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to |
781 | create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program. |
873 | create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program. |
782 | |
874 | |
|
|
875 | AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches. |
783 | AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable. |
876 | AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable. |
784 | AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken. |
877 | AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken. |
785 | AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse. |
878 | AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse. |
786 | AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations. |
879 | AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations. |
|
|
880 | AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi used when running within irssi. |
|
|
881 | AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync based on IO::Async. |
|
|
882 | AnyEvent::Impl::Cocoa based on Cocoa::EventLoop. |
|
|
883 | AnyEvent::Impl::FLTK based on FLTK (fltk 2 binding). |
787 | |
884 | |
788 | =item Backends with special needs. |
885 | =item Backends with special needs. |
789 | |
886 | |
790 | Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will |
887 | Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will |
791 | otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program |
888 | otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program |
792 | instantiates the application before any AnyEvent watchers are created, |
889 | instantiates the application before any AnyEvent watchers are created, |
793 | everything should just work. |
890 | everything should just work. |
794 | |
891 | |
795 | AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt. |
892 | AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt. |
796 | |
893 | |
797 | Support for IO::Async can only be partial, as it is too broken and |
|
|
798 | architecturally limited to even support the AnyEvent API. It also |
|
|
799 | is the only event loop that needs the loop to be set explicitly, so |
|
|
800 | it can only be used by a main program knowing about AnyEvent. See |
|
|
801 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::Async> for the gory details. |
|
|
802 | |
|
|
803 | AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync based on IO::Async, cannot be autoprobed. |
|
|
804 | |
|
|
805 | =item Event loops that are indirectly supported via other backends. |
894 | =item Event loops that are indirectly supported via other backends. |
806 | |
895 | |
807 | Some event loops can be supported via other modules: |
896 | Some event loops can be supported via other modules: |
808 | |
897 | |
809 | There is no direct support for WxWidgets (L<Wx>) or L<Prima>. |
898 | There is no direct support for WxWidgets (L<Wx>) or L<Prima>. |
… | |
… | |
834 | Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created, before the |
923 | Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created, before the |
835 | backend has been autodetected. |
924 | backend has been autodetected. |
836 | |
925 | |
837 | Afterwards it contains the event model that is being used, which is the |
926 | Afterwards it contains the event model that is being used, which is the |
838 | name of the Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one |
927 | name of the Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one |
839 | of the C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the |
928 | of the C<AnyEvent::Impl::xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the |
840 | case AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode> it |
929 | case AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode> it |
841 | will be C<urxvt::anyevent>). |
930 | will be C<urxvt::anyevent>). |
842 | |
931 | |
843 | =item AnyEvent::detect |
932 | =item AnyEvent::detect |
844 | |
933 | |
845 | Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model |
934 | Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model |
846 | if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would |
935 | if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would |
847 | have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at |
936 | have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at |
848 | runtime, and not e.g. while initialising of your module. |
937 | runtime, and not e.g. during initialisation of your module. |
|
|
938 | |
|
|
939 | The effect of calling this function is as if a watcher had been created |
|
|
940 | (specifically, actions that happen "when the first watcher is created" |
|
|
941 | happen when calling detetc as well). |
849 | |
942 | |
850 | If you need to do some initialisation before AnyEvent watchers are |
943 | If you need to do some initialisation before AnyEvent watchers are |
851 | created, use C<post_detect>. |
944 | created, use C<post_detect>. |
852 | |
945 | |
853 | =item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK } |
946 | =item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK } |
854 | |
947 | |
855 | Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is |
948 | Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is |
856 | autodetected (or immediately if this has already happened). |
949 | autodetected (or immediately if that has already happened). |
857 | |
950 | |
858 | The block will be executed I<after> the actual backend has been detected |
951 | The block will be executed I<after> the actual backend has been detected |
859 | (C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> is set), but I<before> any watchers have been |
952 | (C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> is set), but I<before> any watchers have been |
860 | created, so it is possible to e.g. patch C<@AnyEvent::ISA> or do |
953 | created, so it is possible to e.g. patch C<@AnyEvent::ISA> or do |
861 | other initialisations - see the sources of L<AnyEvent::Strict> or |
954 | other initialisations - see the sources of L<AnyEvent::Strict> or |
… | |
… | |
865 | event module detection too early, for example, L<AnyEvent::AIO> creates |
958 | event module detection too early, for example, L<AnyEvent::AIO> creates |
866 | and installs the global L<IO::AIO> watcher in a C<post_detect> block to |
959 | and installs the global L<IO::AIO> watcher in a C<post_detect> block to |
867 | avoid autodetecting the event module at load time. |
960 | avoid autodetecting the event module at load time. |
868 | |
961 | |
869 | If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object |
962 | If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object |
870 | that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed. See |
963 | that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed (or |
|
|
964 | C<undef> when the hook was immediately executed). See L<AnyEvent::AIO> for |
871 | L<Coro::BDB> for a case where this is useful. |
965 | a case where this is useful. |
|
|
966 | |
|
|
967 | Example: Create a watcher for the IO::AIO module and store it in |
|
|
968 | C<$WATCHER>, but do so only do so after the event loop is initialised. |
|
|
969 | |
|
|
970 | our WATCHER; |
|
|
971 | |
|
|
972 | my $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { |
|
|
973 | $WATCHER = AnyEvent->io (fh => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, poll => 'r', cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); |
|
|
974 | }; |
|
|
975 | |
|
|
976 | # the ||= is important in case post_detect immediately runs the block, |
|
|
977 | # as to not clobber the newly-created watcher. assigning both watcher and |
|
|
978 | # post_detect guard to the same variable has the advantage of users being |
|
|
979 | # able to just C<undef $WATCHER> if the watcher causes them grief. |
|
|
980 | |
|
|
981 | $WATCHER ||= $guard; |
872 | |
982 | |
873 | =item @AnyEvent::post_detect |
983 | =item @AnyEvent::post_detect |
874 | |
984 | |
875 | If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it |
985 | If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it |
876 | before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after |
986 | before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will be called directly |
877 | the event loop has been chosen. |
987 | after the event loop has been chosen. |
878 | |
988 | |
879 | You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though: |
989 | You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though: |
880 | if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the |
990 | if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the |
881 | array will be ignored. |
991 | array will be ignored. |
882 | |
992 | |
883 | Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> when your application allows |
993 | Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> when your application allows |
884 | it,as it takes care of these details. |
994 | it, as it takes care of these details. |
885 | |
995 | |
886 | This variable is mainly useful for modules that can do something useful |
996 | This variable is mainly useful for modules that can do something useful |
887 | when AnyEvent is used and thus want to know when it is initialised, but do |
997 | when AnyEvent is used and thus want to know when it is initialised, but do |
888 | not need to even load it by default. This array provides the means to hook |
998 | not need to even load it by default. This array provides the means to hook |
889 | into AnyEvent passively, without loading it. |
999 | into AnyEvent passively, without loading it. |
890 | |
1000 | |
|
|
1001 | Example: To load Coro::AnyEvent whenever Coro and AnyEvent are used |
|
|
1002 | together, you could put this into Coro (this is the actual code used by |
|
|
1003 | Coro to accomplish this): |
|
|
1004 | |
|
|
1005 | if (defined $AnyEvent::MODEL) { |
|
|
1006 | # AnyEvent already initialised, so load Coro::AnyEvent |
|
|
1007 | require Coro::AnyEvent; |
|
|
1008 | } else { |
|
|
1009 | # AnyEvent not yet initialised, so make sure to load Coro::AnyEvent |
|
|
1010 | # as soon as it is |
|
|
1011 | push @AnyEvent::post_detect, sub { require Coro::AnyEvent }; |
|
|
1012 | } |
|
|
1013 | |
|
|
1014 | =item AnyEvent::postpone { BLOCK } |
|
|
1015 | |
|
|
1016 | Arranges for the block to be executed as soon as possible, but not before |
|
|
1017 | the call itself returns. In practise, the block will be executed just |
|
|
1018 | before the event loop polls for new events, or shortly afterwards. |
|
|
1019 | |
|
|
1020 | This function never returns anything (to make the C<return postpone { ... |
|
|
1021 | }> idiom more useful. |
|
|
1022 | |
|
|
1023 | To understand the usefulness of this function, consider a function that |
|
|
1024 | asynchronously does something for you and returns some transaction |
|
|
1025 | object or guard to let you cancel the operation. For example, |
|
|
1026 | C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>: |
|
|
1027 | |
|
|
1028 | # start a conenction attempt unless one is active |
|
|
1029 | $self->{connect_guard} ||= AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect "www.example.net", 80, sub { |
|
|
1030 | delete $self->{connect_guard}; |
|
|
1031 | ... |
|
|
1032 | }; |
|
|
1033 | |
|
|
1034 | Imagine that this function could instantly call the callback, for |
|
|
1035 | example, because it detects an obvious error such as a negative port |
|
|
1036 | number. Invoking the callback before the function returns causes problems |
|
|
1037 | however: the callback will be called and will try to delete the guard |
|
|
1038 | object. But since the function hasn't returned yet, there is nothing to |
|
|
1039 | delete. When the function eventually returns it will assign the guard |
|
|
1040 | object to C<< $self->{connect_guard} >>, where it will likely never be |
|
|
1041 | deleted, so the program thinks it is still trying to connect. |
|
|
1042 | |
|
|
1043 | This is where C<AnyEvent::postpone> should be used. Instead of calling the |
|
|
1044 | callback directly on error: |
|
|
1045 | |
|
|
1046 | $cb->(undef), return # signal error to callback, BAD! |
|
|
1047 | if $some_error_condition; |
|
|
1048 | |
|
|
1049 | It should use C<postpone>: |
|
|
1050 | |
|
|
1051 | AnyEvent::postpone { $cb->(undef) }, return # signal error to callback, later |
|
|
1052 | if $some_error_condition; |
|
|
1053 | |
|
|
1054 | =item AnyEvent::log $level, $msg[, @args] |
|
|
1055 | |
|
|
1056 | Log the given C<$msg> at the given C<$level>. |
|
|
1057 | |
|
|
1058 | If L<AnyEvent::Log> is not loaded then this function makes a simple test |
|
|
1059 | to see whether the message will be logged. If the test succeeds it will |
|
|
1060 | load AnyEvent::Log and call C<AnyEvent::Log::log> - consequently, look at |
|
|
1061 | the L<AnyEvent::Log> documentation for details. |
|
|
1062 | |
|
|
1063 | If the test fails it will simply return. Right now this happens when a |
|
|
1064 | numerical loglevel is used and it is larger than the level specified via |
|
|
1065 | C<$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}>. |
|
|
1066 | |
|
|
1067 | If you want to sprinkle loads of logging calls around your code, consider |
|
|
1068 | creating a logger callback with the C<AnyEvent::Log::logger> function, |
|
|
1069 | which can reduce typing, codesize and can reduce the logging overhead |
|
|
1070 | enourmously. |
|
|
1071 | |
891 | =back |
1072 | =back |
892 | |
1073 | |
893 | =head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE |
1074 | =head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE |
894 | |
1075 | |
895 | As a module author, you should C<use AnyEvent> and call AnyEvent methods |
1076 | As a module author, you should C<use AnyEvent> and call AnyEvent methods |
… | |
… | |
905 | because it will stall the whole program, and the whole point of using |
1086 | because it will stall the whole program, and the whole point of using |
906 | events is to stay interactive. |
1087 | events is to stay interactive. |
907 | |
1088 | |
908 | It is fine, however, to call C<< ->recv >> when the user of your module |
1089 | It is fine, however, to call C<< ->recv >> when the user of your module |
909 | requests it (i.e. if you create a http request object ad have a method |
1090 | requests it (i.e. if you create a http request object ad have a method |
910 | called C<results> that returns the results, it should call C<< ->recv >> |
1091 | called C<results> that returns the results, it may call C<< ->recv >> |
911 | freely, as the user of your module knows what she is doing. always). |
1092 | freely, as the user of your module knows what she is doing. Always). |
912 | |
1093 | |
913 | =head1 WHAT TO DO IN THE MAIN PROGRAM |
1094 | =head1 WHAT TO DO IN THE MAIN PROGRAM |
914 | |
1095 | |
915 | There will always be a single main program - the only place that should |
1096 | There will always be a single main program - the only place that should |
916 | dictate which event model to use. |
1097 | dictate which event model to use. |
917 | |
1098 | |
918 | If it doesn't care, it can just "use AnyEvent" and use it itself, or not |
1099 | If the program is not event-based, it need not do anything special, even |
919 | do anything special (it does not need to be event-based) and let AnyEvent |
1100 | when it depends on a module that uses an AnyEvent. If the program itself |
920 | decide which implementation to chose if some module relies on it. |
1101 | uses AnyEvent, but does not care which event loop is used, all it needs |
|
|
1102 | to do is C<use AnyEvent>. In either case, AnyEvent will choose the best |
|
|
1103 | available loop implementation. |
921 | |
1104 | |
922 | If the main program relies on a specific event model - for example, in |
1105 | If the main program relies on a specific event model - for example, in |
923 | Gtk2 programs you have to rely on the Glib module - you should load the |
1106 | Gtk2 programs you have to rely on the Glib module - you should load the |
924 | event module before loading AnyEvent or any module that uses it: generally |
1107 | event module before loading AnyEvent or any module that uses it: generally |
925 | speaking, you should load it as early as possible. The reason is that |
1108 | speaking, you should load it as early as possible. The reason is that |
926 | modules might create watchers when they are loaded, and AnyEvent will |
1109 | modules might create watchers when they are loaded, and AnyEvent will |
927 | decide on the event model to use as soon as it creates watchers, and it |
1110 | decide on the event model to use as soon as it creates watchers, and it |
928 | might chose the wrong one unless you load the correct one yourself. |
1111 | might choose the wrong one unless you load the correct one yourself. |
929 | |
1112 | |
930 | You can chose to use a pure-perl implementation by loading the |
1113 | You can chose to use a pure-perl implementation by loading the |
931 | C<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl> module, which gives you similar behaviour |
1114 | C<AnyEvent::Loop> module, which gives you similar behaviour |
932 | everywhere, but letting AnyEvent chose the model is generally better. |
1115 | everywhere, but letting AnyEvent chose the model is generally better. |
933 | |
1116 | |
934 | =head2 MAINLOOP EMULATION |
1117 | =head2 MAINLOOP EMULATION |
935 | |
1118 | |
936 | Sometimes (often for short test scripts, or even standalone programs who |
1119 | Sometimes (often for short test scripts, or even standalone programs who |
… | |
… | |
949 | |
1132 | |
950 | |
1133 | |
951 | =head1 OTHER MODULES |
1134 | =head1 OTHER MODULES |
952 | |
1135 | |
953 | The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use |
1136 | The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use |
954 | AnyEvent as a client and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent |
1137 | AnyEvent as a client and can therefore be mixed easily with other |
955 | modules and other event loops in the same program. Some of the modules |
1138 | AnyEvent modules and other event loops in the same program. Some of the |
956 | come with AnyEvent, most are available via CPAN. |
1139 | modules come as part of AnyEvent, the others are available via CPAN (see |
|
|
1140 | L<http://search.cpan.org/search?m=module&q=anyevent%3A%3A*> for |
|
|
1141 | a longer non-exhaustive list), and the list is heavily biased towards |
|
|
1142 | modules of the AnyEvent author himself :) |
957 | |
1143 | |
958 | =over 4 |
1144 | =over 4 |
959 | |
1145 | |
960 | =item L<AnyEvent::Util> |
1146 | =item L<AnyEvent::Util> |
961 | |
1147 | |
962 | Contains various utility functions that replace often-used but blocking |
1148 | Contains various utility functions that replace often-used blocking |
963 | functions such as C<inet_aton> by event-/callback-based versions. |
1149 | functions such as C<inet_aton> with event/callback-based versions. |
964 | |
1150 | |
965 | =item L<AnyEvent::Socket> |
1151 | =item L<AnyEvent::Socket> |
966 | |
1152 | |
967 | Provides various utility functions for (internet protocol) sockets, |
1153 | Provides various utility functions for (internet protocol) sockets, |
968 | addresses and name resolution. Also functions to create non-blocking tcp |
1154 | addresses and name resolution. Also functions to create non-blocking tcp |
… | |
… | |
970 | |
1156 | |
971 | =item L<AnyEvent::Handle> |
1157 | =item L<AnyEvent::Handle> |
972 | |
1158 | |
973 | Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes, |
1159 | Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes, |
974 | supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and |
1160 | supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and |
975 | non-blocking SSL/TLS (via L<AnyEvent::TLS>. |
1161 | non-blocking SSL/TLS (via L<AnyEvent::TLS>). |
976 | |
1162 | |
977 | =item L<AnyEvent::DNS> |
1163 | =item L<AnyEvent::DNS> |
978 | |
1164 | |
979 | Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities. |
1165 | Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities. |
980 | |
1166 | |
|
|
1167 | =item L<AnyEvent::HTTP>, L<AnyEvent::IRC>, L<AnyEvent::XMPP>, L<AnyEvent::GPSD>, L<AnyEvent::IGS>, L<AnyEvent::FCP> |
|
|
1168 | |
|
|
1169 | Implement event-based interfaces to the protocols of the same name (for |
|
|
1170 | the curious, IGS is the International Go Server and FCP is the Freenet |
|
|
1171 | Client Protocol). |
|
|
1172 | |
981 | =item L<AnyEvent::HTTP> |
1173 | =item L<AnyEvent::AIO> |
982 | |
1174 | |
983 | A simple-to-use HTTP library that is capable of making a lot of concurrent |
1175 | Truly asynchronous (as opposed to non-blocking) I/O, should be in the |
984 | HTTP requests. |
1176 | toolbox of every event programmer. AnyEvent::AIO transparently fuses |
|
|
1177 | L<IO::AIO> and AnyEvent together, giving AnyEvent access to event-based |
|
|
1178 | file I/O, and much more. |
|
|
1179 | |
|
|
1180 | =item L<AnyEvent::Filesys::Notify> |
|
|
1181 | |
|
|
1182 | AnyEvent is good for non-blocking stuff, but it can't detect file or |
|
|
1183 | path changes (e.g. "watch this directory for new files", "watch this |
|
|
1184 | file for changes"). The L<AnyEvent::Filesys::Notify> module promises to |
|
|
1185 | do just that in a portbale fashion, supporting inotify on GNU/Linux and |
|
|
1186 | some weird, without doubt broken, stuff on OS X to monitor files. It can |
|
|
1187 | fall back to blocking scans at regular intervals transparently on other |
|
|
1188 | platforms, so it's about as portable as it gets. |
|
|
1189 | |
|
|
1190 | (I haven't used it myself, but I haven't heard anybody complaining about |
|
|
1191 | it yet). |
|
|
1192 | |
|
|
1193 | =item L<AnyEvent::DBI> |
|
|
1194 | |
|
|
1195 | Executes L<DBI> requests asynchronously in a proxy process for you, |
|
|
1196 | notifying you in an event-based way when the operation is finished. |
985 | |
1197 | |
986 | =item L<AnyEvent::HTTPD> |
1198 | =item L<AnyEvent::HTTPD> |
987 | |
1199 | |
988 | Provides a simple web application server framework. |
1200 | A simple embedded webserver. |
989 | |
1201 | |
990 | =item L<AnyEvent::FastPing> |
1202 | =item L<AnyEvent::FastPing> |
991 | |
1203 | |
992 | The fastest ping in the west. |
1204 | The fastest ping in the west. |
993 | |
1205 | |
994 | =item L<AnyEvent::DBI> |
|
|
995 | |
|
|
996 | Executes L<DBI> requests asynchronously in a proxy process. |
|
|
997 | |
|
|
998 | =item L<AnyEvent::AIO> |
|
|
999 | |
|
|
1000 | Truly asynchronous I/O, should be in the toolbox of every event |
|
|
1001 | programmer. AnyEvent::AIO transparently fuses L<IO::AIO> and AnyEvent |
|
|
1002 | together. |
|
|
1003 | |
|
|
1004 | =item L<AnyEvent::BDB> |
|
|
1005 | |
|
|
1006 | Truly asynchronous Berkeley DB access. AnyEvent::BDB transparently fuses |
|
|
1007 | L<BDB> and AnyEvent together. |
|
|
1008 | |
|
|
1009 | =item L<AnyEvent::GPSD> |
|
|
1010 | |
|
|
1011 | A non-blocking interface to gpsd, a daemon delivering GPS information. |
|
|
1012 | |
|
|
1013 | =item L<AnyEvent::IRC> |
|
|
1014 | |
|
|
1015 | AnyEvent based IRC client module family (replacing the older Net::IRC3). |
|
|
1016 | |
|
|
1017 | =item L<AnyEvent::XMPP> |
|
|
1018 | |
|
|
1019 | AnyEvent based XMPP (Jabber protocol) module family (replacing the older |
|
|
1020 | Net::XMPP2>. |
|
|
1021 | |
|
|
1022 | =item L<AnyEvent::IGS> |
|
|
1023 | |
|
|
1024 | A non-blocking interface to the Internet Go Server protocol (used by |
|
|
1025 | L<App::IGS>). |
|
|
1026 | |
|
|
1027 | =item L<Net::FCP> |
|
|
1028 | |
|
|
1029 | AnyEvent-based implementation of the Freenet Client Protocol, birthplace |
|
|
1030 | of AnyEvent. |
|
|
1031 | |
|
|
1032 | =item L<Event::ExecFlow> |
|
|
1033 | |
|
|
1034 | High level API for event-based execution flow control. |
|
|
1035 | |
|
|
1036 | =item L<Coro> |
1206 | =item L<Coro> |
1037 | |
1207 | |
1038 | Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>. |
1208 | Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>, which allows you |
|
|
1209 | to simply invert the flow control - don't call us, we will call you: |
|
|
1210 | |
|
|
1211 | async { |
|
|
1212 | Coro::AnyEvent::sleep 5; # creates a 5s timer and waits for it |
|
|
1213 | print "5 seconds later!\n"; |
|
|
1214 | |
|
|
1215 | Coro::AnyEvent::readable *STDIN; # uses an I/O watcher |
|
|
1216 | my $line = <STDIN>; # works for ttys |
|
|
1217 | |
|
|
1218 | AnyEvent::HTTP::http_get "url", Coro::rouse_cb; |
|
|
1219 | my ($body, $hdr) = Coro::rouse_wait; |
|
|
1220 | }; |
1039 | |
1221 | |
1040 | =back |
1222 | =back |
1041 | |
1223 | |
1042 | =cut |
1224 | =cut |
1043 | |
1225 | |
1044 | package AnyEvent; |
1226 | package AnyEvent; |
1045 | |
1227 | |
1046 | # basically a tuned-down version of common::sense |
1228 | # basically a tuned-down version of common::sense |
1047 | sub common_sense { |
1229 | sub common_sense { |
1048 | # no warnings |
1230 | # from common:.sense 3.4 |
1049 | ${^WARNING_BITS} ^= ${^WARNING_BITS}; |
1231 | ${^WARNING_BITS} ^= ${^WARNING_BITS} ^ "\x3c\x3f\x33\x00\x0f\xf0\x0f\xc0\xf0\xfc\x33\x00"; |
1050 | # use strict vars subs |
1232 | # use strict vars subs - NO UTF-8, as Util.pm doesn't like this atm. (uts46data.pl) |
1051 | $^H |= 0x00000600; |
1233 | $^H |= 0x00000600; |
1052 | } |
1234 | } |
1053 | |
1235 | |
1054 | BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense } |
1236 | BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense } |
1055 | |
1237 | |
1056 | use Carp (); |
1238 | use Carp (); |
1057 | |
1239 | |
1058 | our $VERSION = 4.85; |
1240 | our $VERSION = '6.02'; |
1059 | our $MODEL; |
1241 | our $MODEL; |
1060 | |
|
|
1061 | our $AUTOLOAD; |
|
|
1062 | our @ISA; |
1242 | our @ISA; |
1063 | |
|
|
1064 | our @REGISTRY; |
1243 | our @REGISTRY; |
1065 | |
|
|
1066 | our $WIN32; |
|
|
1067 | |
|
|
1068 | our $VERBOSE; |
1244 | our $VERBOSE; |
|
|
1245 | our $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY = 10; |
|
|
1246 | our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4|ipv6) => (1|2), higher numbers are preferred |
1069 | |
1247 | |
1070 | BEGIN { |
1248 | BEGIN { |
1071 | eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }"; |
1249 | require "AnyEvent/constants.pl"; |
|
|
1250 | |
1072 | eval "sub TAINT(){ " . (${^TAINT}*1) . " }"; |
1251 | eval "sub TAINT (){" . (${^TAINT}*1) . "}"; |
1073 | |
1252 | |
1074 | delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV} |
1253 | delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV} |
1075 | if ${^TAINT}; |
1254 | if ${^TAINT}; |
1076 | |
1255 | |
1077 | $VERBOSE = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1; |
1256 | $ENV{"PERL_ANYEVENT_$_"} = $ENV{"AE_$_"} |
|
|
1257 | for grep s/^AE_// && !exists $ENV{"PERL_ANYEVENT_$_"}, keys %ENV; |
1078 | |
1258 | |
1079 | } |
1259 | @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV} = () |
|
|
1260 | if ${^TAINT}; |
1080 | |
1261 | |
1081 | our $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY = 10; |
1262 | # $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_xxx} now valid |
1082 | |
1263 | |
1083 | our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4|ipv6) => (1|2), higher numbers are preferred |
1264 | $VERBOSE = length $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE} ? $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1 : 4; |
1084 | |
1265 | |
1085 | { |
|
|
1086 | my $idx; |
1266 | my $idx; |
1087 | $PROTOCOL{$_} = ++$idx |
1267 | $PROTOCOL{$_} = ++$idx |
1088 | for reverse split /\s*,\s*/, |
1268 | for reverse split /\s*,\s*/, |
1089 | $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} || "ipv4,ipv6"; |
1269 | $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} || "ipv4,ipv6"; |
1090 | } |
1270 | } |
1091 | |
1271 | |
|
|
1272 | our @post_detect; |
|
|
1273 | |
|
|
1274 | sub post_detect(&) { |
|
|
1275 | my ($cb) = @_; |
|
|
1276 | |
|
|
1277 | push @post_detect, $cb; |
|
|
1278 | |
|
|
1279 | defined wantarray |
|
|
1280 | ? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect" |
|
|
1281 | : () |
|
|
1282 | } |
|
|
1283 | |
|
|
1284 | sub AnyEvent::Util::postdetect::DESTROY { |
|
|
1285 | @post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect; |
|
|
1286 | } |
|
|
1287 | |
|
|
1288 | our $POSTPONE_W; |
|
|
1289 | our @POSTPONE; |
|
|
1290 | |
|
|
1291 | sub _postpone_exec { |
|
|
1292 | undef $POSTPONE_W; |
|
|
1293 | |
|
|
1294 | &{ shift @POSTPONE } |
|
|
1295 | while @POSTPONE; |
|
|
1296 | } |
|
|
1297 | |
|
|
1298 | sub postpone(&) { |
|
|
1299 | push @POSTPONE, shift; |
|
|
1300 | |
|
|
1301 | $POSTPONE_W ||= AE::timer (0, 0, \&_postpone_exec); |
|
|
1302 | |
|
|
1303 | () |
|
|
1304 | } |
|
|
1305 | |
|
|
1306 | sub log($$;@) { |
|
|
1307 | # only load the big bloated module when we actually are about to log something |
|
|
1308 | if ($_[0] <= ($VERBOSE || 1)) { # also catches non-numeric levels(!) and fatal |
|
|
1309 | require AnyEvent::Log; # among other things, sets $VERBOSE to 9 |
|
|
1310 | # AnyEvent::Log overwrites this function |
|
|
1311 | goto &log; |
|
|
1312 | } |
|
|
1313 | |
|
|
1314 | 0 # not logged |
|
|
1315 | } |
|
|
1316 | |
|
|
1317 | sub logger($;$) { |
|
|
1318 | package AnyEvent::Log; |
|
|
1319 | |
|
|
1320 | my ($level, $renabled) = @_; |
|
|
1321 | |
|
|
1322 | $$renabled = $level <= $VERBOSE; |
|
|
1323 | |
|
|
1324 | my $pkg = (caller)[0]; |
|
|
1325 | |
|
|
1326 | my $logger = [$pkg, $level, $renabled]; |
|
|
1327 | |
|
|
1328 | our %LOGGER; |
|
|
1329 | $LOGGER{$logger+0} = $logger; |
|
|
1330 | |
|
|
1331 | require AnyEvent::Util; |
|
|
1332 | my $guard = AnyEvent::Util::guard (sub { |
|
|
1333 | # "clean up" |
|
|
1334 | delete $LOGGER{$logger+0}; |
|
|
1335 | }); |
|
|
1336 | |
|
|
1337 | sub { |
|
|
1338 | return 0 unless $$renabled; |
|
|
1339 | |
|
|
1340 | $guard if 0; # keep guard alive, but don't cause runtime overhead |
|
|
1341 | require AnyEvent::Log unless $AnyEvent::Log::VERSION; |
|
|
1342 | package AnyEvent::Log; |
|
|
1343 | _log ($logger->[0], $level, @_) # logger->[0] has been converted at load time |
|
|
1344 | } |
|
|
1345 | } |
|
|
1346 | |
|
|
1347 | if (length $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_LOG}) { |
|
|
1348 | require AnyEvent::Log; # AnyEvent::Log does the thing for us |
|
|
1349 | } |
|
|
1350 | |
1092 | my @models = ( |
1351 | our @models = ( |
1093 | [EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV::], |
1352 | [EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV::], |
1094 | [Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::], |
|
|
1095 | [AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::], |
1353 | [AnyEvent::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::], |
1096 | # everything below here will not be autoprobed |
1354 | # everything below here will not (normally) be autoprobed |
1097 | # as the pureperl backend should work everywhere |
1355 | # as the pure perl backend should work everywhere |
1098 | # and is usually faster |
1356 | # and is usually faster |
|
|
1357 | [Irssi:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi::], # Irssi has a bogus "Event" package, so msut be near the top |
|
|
1358 | [Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::], # slow, stable |
1099 | [Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers |
1359 | [Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers |
|
|
1360 | # everything below here should not be autoloaded |
1100 | [Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy |
1361 | [Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy |
1101 | [Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles |
1362 | [Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles |
1102 | [Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program |
1363 | [Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program |
1103 | [POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza |
1364 | [POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza |
1104 | [Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
1365 | [Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
1105 | [Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
1366 | [Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
1106 | # IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its |
1367 | [IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # a bitch to autodetect |
1107 | # byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others. |
1368 | [Cocoa::EventLoop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Cocoa::], |
1108 | # IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any |
1369 | [FLTK:: => AnyEvent::Impl::FLTK::], |
1109 | # obvious default class. |
|
|
1110 | # [IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program |
|
|
1111 | # [IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program |
|
|
1112 | # [IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program |
|
|
1113 | ); |
1370 | ); |
1114 | |
1371 | |
1115 | our %method = map +($_ => 1), |
1372 | our @isa_hook; |
|
|
1373 | |
|
|
1374 | sub _isa_set { |
|
|
1375 | my @pkg = ("AnyEvent", (map $_->[0], grep defined, @isa_hook), $MODEL); |
|
|
1376 | |
|
|
1377 | @{"$pkg[$_-1]::ISA"} = $pkg[$_] |
|
|
1378 | for 1 .. $#pkg; |
|
|
1379 | |
|
|
1380 | grep $_ && $_->[1], @isa_hook |
|
|
1381 | and AE::_reset (); |
|
|
1382 | } |
|
|
1383 | |
|
|
1384 | # used for hooking AnyEvent::Strict and AnyEvent::Debug::Wrap into the class hierarchy |
|
|
1385 | sub _isa_hook($$;$) { |
|
|
1386 | my ($i, $pkg, $reset_ae) = @_; |
|
|
1387 | |
|
|
1388 | $isa_hook[$i] = $pkg ? [$pkg, $reset_ae] : undef; |
|
|
1389 | |
|
|
1390 | _isa_set; |
|
|
1391 | } |
|
|
1392 | |
|
|
1393 | # all autoloaded methods reserve the complete glob, not just the method slot. |
|
|
1394 | # due to bugs in perls method cache implementation. |
1116 | qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY); |
1395 | our @methods = qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar); |
1117 | |
1396 | |
1118 | our @post_detect; |
|
|
1119 | |
|
|
1120 | sub post_detect(&) { |
1397 | sub detect() { |
1121 | my ($cb) = @_; |
1398 | return $MODEL if $MODEL; # some programs keep references to detect |
1122 | |
1399 | |
1123 | if ($MODEL) { |
1400 | local $!; # for good measure |
1124 | $cb->(); |
1401 | local $SIG{__DIE__}; # we use eval |
1125 | |
1402 | |
1126 | 1 |
1403 | # free some memory |
|
|
1404 | *detect = sub () { $MODEL }; |
|
|
1405 | # undef &func doesn't correctly update the method cache. grmbl. |
|
|
1406 | # so we delete the whole glob. grmbl. |
|
|
1407 | # otoh, perl doesn't let me undef an active usb, but it lets me free |
|
|
1408 | # a glob with an active sub. hrm. i hope it works, but perl is |
|
|
1409 | # usually buggy in this department. sigh. |
|
|
1410 | delete @{"AnyEvent::"}{@methods}; |
|
|
1411 | undef @methods; |
|
|
1412 | |
|
|
1413 | if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z0-9:]+)$/) { |
|
|
1414 | my $model = $1; |
|
|
1415 | $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$model" unless $model =~ s/::$//; |
|
|
1416 | if (eval "require $model") { |
|
|
1417 | AnyEvent::log 7 => "loaded model '$model' (forced by \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}), using it."; |
|
|
1418 | $MODEL = $model; |
1127 | } else { |
1419 | } else { |
1128 | push @post_detect, $cb; |
1420 | AnyEvent::log 4 => "unable to load model '$model' (from \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}):\n$@"; |
1129 | |
1421 | } |
1130 | defined wantarray |
|
|
1131 | ? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect" |
|
|
1132 | : () |
|
|
1133 | } |
1422 | } |
1134 | } |
|
|
1135 | |
1423 | |
1136 | sub AnyEvent::Util::postdetect::DESTROY { |
1424 | # check for already loaded models |
1137 | @post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect; |
|
|
1138 | } |
|
|
1139 | |
|
|
1140 | sub detect() { |
|
|
1141 | unless ($MODEL) { |
1425 | unless ($MODEL) { |
1142 | local $SIG{__DIE__}; |
1426 | for (@REGISTRY, @models) { |
1143 | |
1427 | my ($package, $model) = @$_; |
1144 | if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) { |
1428 | if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) { |
1145 | my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1"; |
|
|
1146 | if (eval "require $model") { |
1429 | if (eval "require $model") { |
|
|
1430 | AnyEvent::log 7 => "autodetected model '$model', using it."; |
1147 | $MODEL = $model; |
1431 | $MODEL = $model; |
1148 | warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}), using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2; |
1432 | last; |
1149 | } else { |
1433 | } |
1150 | warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}):\n$@" if $VERBOSE; |
|
|
1151 | } |
1434 | } |
1152 | } |
1435 | } |
1153 | |
1436 | |
1154 | # check for already loaded models |
|
|
1155 | unless ($MODEL) { |
1437 | unless ($MODEL) { |
|
|
1438 | # try to autoload a model |
1156 | for (@REGISTRY, @models) { |
1439 | for (@REGISTRY, @models) { |
1157 | my ($package, $model) = @$_; |
1440 | my ($package, $model) = @$_; |
|
|
1441 | if ( |
|
|
1442 | eval "require $package" |
1158 | if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) { |
1443 | and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0 |
1159 | if (eval "require $model") { |
1444 | and eval "require $model" |
|
|
1445 | ) { |
|
|
1446 | AnyEvent::log 7 => "autoloaded model '$model', using it."; |
1160 | $MODEL = $model; |
1447 | $MODEL = $model; |
1161 | warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2; |
|
|
1162 | last; |
1448 | last; |
1163 | } |
|
|
1164 | } |
1449 | } |
1165 | } |
1450 | } |
1166 | |
1451 | |
1167 | unless ($MODEL) { |
|
|
1168 | # try to load a model |
|
|
1169 | |
|
|
1170 | for (@REGISTRY, @models) { |
|
|
1171 | my ($package, $model) = @$_; |
|
|
1172 | if (eval "require $package" |
|
|
1173 | and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0 |
|
|
1174 | and eval "require $model") { |
|
|
1175 | $MODEL = $model; |
|
|
1176 | warn "AnyEvent: autoprobed model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2; |
|
|
1177 | last; |
|
|
1178 | } |
|
|
1179 | } |
|
|
1180 | |
|
|
1181 | $MODEL |
1452 | $MODEL |
1182 | or die "No event module selected for AnyEvent and autodetect failed. Install any one of these modules: EV, Event or Glib.\n"; |
1453 | or AnyEvent::log fatal => "AnyEvent: backend autodetection failed - did you properly install AnyEvent?"; |
1183 | } |
|
|
1184 | } |
1454 | } |
1185 | |
|
|
1186 | push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base"; |
|
|
1187 | |
|
|
1188 | unshift @ISA, $MODEL; |
|
|
1189 | |
|
|
1190 | require AnyEvent::Strict if $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT}; |
|
|
1191 | |
|
|
1192 | (shift @post_detect)->() while @post_detect; |
|
|
1193 | } |
1455 | } |
1194 | |
1456 | |
|
|
1457 | # free memory only needed for probing |
|
|
1458 | undef @models; |
|
|
1459 | undef @REGISTRY; |
|
|
1460 | |
|
|
1461 | push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base"; |
|
|
1462 | |
|
|
1463 | # now nuke some methods that are overridden by the backend. |
|
|
1464 | # SUPER usage is not allowed in these. |
|
|
1465 | for (qw(time signal child idle)) { |
|
|
1466 | undef &{"AnyEvent::Base::$_"} |
|
|
1467 | if defined &{"$MODEL\::$_"}; |
|
|
1468 | } |
|
|
1469 | |
|
|
1470 | _isa_set; |
|
|
1471 | |
|
|
1472 | # we're officially open! |
|
|
1473 | |
|
|
1474 | if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT}) { |
|
|
1475 | require AnyEvent::Strict; |
|
|
1476 | } |
|
|
1477 | |
|
|
1478 | if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_WRAP}) { |
|
|
1479 | require AnyEvent::Debug; |
|
|
1480 | AnyEvent::Debug::wrap ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_WRAP}); |
|
|
1481 | } |
|
|
1482 | |
|
|
1483 | if (length $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_SHELL}) { |
|
|
1484 | require AnyEvent::Socket; |
|
|
1485 | require AnyEvent::Debug; |
|
|
1486 | |
|
|
1487 | my $shell = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_SHELL}; |
|
|
1488 | $shell =~ s/\$\$/$$/g; |
|
|
1489 | |
|
|
1490 | my ($host, $service) = AnyEvent::Socket::parse_hostport ($shell); |
|
|
1491 | $AnyEvent::Debug::SHELL = AnyEvent::Debug::shell ($host, $service); |
|
|
1492 | } |
|
|
1493 | |
|
|
1494 | # now the anyevent environment is set up as the user told us to, so |
|
|
1495 | # call the actual user code - post detects |
|
|
1496 | |
|
|
1497 | (shift @post_detect)->() while @post_detect; |
|
|
1498 | undef @post_detect; |
|
|
1499 | |
|
|
1500 | *post_detect = sub(&) { |
|
|
1501 | shift->(); |
|
|
1502 | |
|
|
1503 | undef |
|
|
1504 | }; |
|
|
1505 | |
1195 | $MODEL |
1506 | $MODEL |
1196 | } |
1507 | } |
1197 | |
1508 | |
1198 | sub AUTOLOAD { |
1509 | for my $name (@methods) { |
1199 | (my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://; |
1510 | *$name = sub { |
1200 | |
1511 | detect; |
1201 | $method{$func} |
1512 | # we use goto because |
1202 | or Carp::croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects"; |
1513 | # a) it makes the thunk more transparent |
1203 | |
1514 | # b) it allows us to delete the thunk later |
1204 | detect unless $MODEL; |
1515 | goto &{ UNIVERSAL::can AnyEvent => "SUPER::$name" } |
1205 | |
1516 | }; |
1206 | my $class = shift; |
|
|
1207 | $class->$func (@_); |
|
|
1208 | } |
1517 | } |
1209 | |
1518 | |
1210 | # utility function to dup a filehandle. this is used by many backends |
1519 | # utility function to dup a filehandle. this is used by many backends |
1211 | # to support binding more than one watcher per filehandle (they usually |
1520 | # to support binding more than one watcher per filehandle (they usually |
1212 | # allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one). |
1521 | # allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one). |
… | |
… | |
1222 | # we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases |
1531 | # we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases |
1223 | |
1532 | |
1224 | ($fh2, $rw) |
1533 | ($fh2, $rw) |
1225 | } |
1534 | } |
1226 | |
1535 | |
|
|
1536 | =head1 SIMPLIFIED AE API |
|
|
1537 | |
|
|
1538 | Starting with version 5.0, AnyEvent officially supports a second, much |
|
|
1539 | simpler, API that is designed to reduce the calling, typing and memory |
|
|
1540 | overhead by using function call syntax and a fixed number of parameters. |
|
|
1541 | |
|
|
1542 | See the L<AE> manpage for details. |
|
|
1543 | |
|
|
1544 | =cut |
|
|
1545 | |
|
|
1546 | package AE; |
|
|
1547 | |
|
|
1548 | our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION; |
|
|
1549 | |
|
|
1550 | sub _reset() { |
|
|
1551 | eval q{ |
|
|
1552 | # fall back to the main API by default - backends and AnyEvent::Base |
|
|
1553 | # implementations can overwrite these. |
|
|
1554 | |
|
|
1555 | sub io($$$) { |
|
|
1556 | AnyEvent->io (fh => $_[0], poll => $_[1] ? "w" : "r", cb => $_[2]) |
|
|
1557 | } |
|
|
1558 | |
|
|
1559 | sub timer($$$) { |
|
|
1560 | AnyEvent->timer (after => $_[0], interval => $_[1], cb => $_[2]) |
|
|
1561 | } |
|
|
1562 | |
|
|
1563 | sub signal($$) { |
|
|
1564 | AnyEvent->signal (signal => $_[0], cb => $_[1]) |
|
|
1565 | } |
|
|
1566 | |
|
|
1567 | sub child($$) { |
|
|
1568 | AnyEvent->child (pid => $_[0], cb => $_[1]) |
|
|
1569 | } |
|
|
1570 | |
|
|
1571 | sub idle($) { |
|
|
1572 | AnyEvent->idle (cb => $_[0]); |
|
|
1573 | } |
|
|
1574 | |
|
|
1575 | sub cv(;&) { |
|
|
1576 | AnyEvent->condvar (@_ ? (cb => $_[0]) : ()) |
|
|
1577 | } |
|
|
1578 | |
|
|
1579 | sub now() { |
|
|
1580 | AnyEvent->now |
|
|
1581 | } |
|
|
1582 | |
|
|
1583 | sub now_update() { |
|
|
1584 | AnyEvent->now_update |
|
|
1585 | } |
|
|
1586 | |
|
|
1587 | sub time() { |
|
|
1588 | AnyEvent->time |
|
|
1589 | } |
|
|
1590 | |
|
|
1591 | *postpone = \&AnyEvent::postpone; |
|
|
1592 | *log = \&AnyEvent::log; |
|
|
1593 | }; |
|
|
1594 | die if $@; |
|
|
1595 | } |
|
|
1596 | |
|
|
1597 | BEGIN { _reset } |
|
|
1598 | |
1227 | package AnyEvent::Base; |
1599 | package AnyEvent::Base; |
1228 | |
1600 | |
1229 | # default implementations for many methods |
1601 | # default implementations for many methods |
1230 | |
1602 | |
1231 | sub _time { |
1603 | sub time { |
|
|
1604 | eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {} |
1232 | # probe for availability of Time::HiRes |
1605 | # probe for availability of Time::HiRes |
1233 | if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") { |
1606 | if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") { |
1234 | warn "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8; |
1607 | *time = sub { Time::HiRes::time () }; |
1235 | *_time = \&Time::HiRes::time; |
1608 | *AE::time = \& Time::HiRes::time ; |
|
|
1609 | *now = \&time; |
|
|
1610 | AnyEvent::log 8 => "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy."; |
1236 | # if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())... |
1611 | # if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())... |
1237 | } else { |
1612 | } else { |
|
|
1613 | *time = sub { CORE::time }; |
|
|
1614 | *AE::time = sub (){ CORE::time }; |
|
|
1615 | *now = \&time; |
1238 | warn "AnyEvent: using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!\n" if $VERBOSE; |
1616 | AnyEvent::log 3 => "using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!"; |
1239 | *_time = sub { time }; # epic fail |
1617 | } |
1240 | } |
1618 | }; |
|
|
1619 | die if $@; |
1241 | |
1620 | |
1242 | &_time |
1621 | &time |
1243 | } |
1622 | } |
1244 | |
1623 | |
1245 | sub time { _time } |
1624 | *now = \&time; |
1246 | sub now { _time } |
|
|
1247 | sub now_update { } |
1625 | sub now_update { } |
1248 | |
1626 | |
|
|
1627 | sub _poll { |
|
|
1628 | Carp::croak "$AnyEvent::MODEL does not support blocking waits. Caught"; |
|
|
1629 | } |
|
|
1630 | |
1249 | # default implementation for ->condvar |
1631 | # default implementation for ->condvar |
|
|
1632 | # in fact, the default should not be overwritten |
1250 | |
1633 | |
1251 | sub condvar { |
1634 | sub condvar { |
|
|
1635 | eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {} |
|
|
1636 | *condvar = sub { |
1252 | bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar" |
1637 | bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar" |
|
|
1638 | }; |
|
|
1639 | |
|
|
1640 | *AE::cv = sub (;&) { |
|
|
1641 | bless { @_ ? (_ae_cb => shift) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar" |
|
|
1642 | }; |
|
|
1643 | }; |
|
|
1644 | die if $@; |
|
|
1645 | |
|
|
1646 | &condvar |
1253 | } |
1647 | } |
1254 | |
1648 | |
1255 | # default implementation for ->signal |
1649 | # default implementation for ->signal |
1256 | |
1650 | |
1257 | our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT; |
1651 | our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT; |
|
|
1652 | |
|
|
1653 | sub _have_async_interrupt() { |
|
|
1654 | $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT = 1*(!$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT} |
|
|
1655 | && eval "use Async::Interrupt 1.02 (); 1") |
|
|
1656 | unless defined $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT; |
|
|
1657 | |
|
|
1658 | $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT |
|
|
1659 | } |
|
|
1660 | |
1258 | our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO); |
1661 | our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO); |
1259 | our (%SIG_ASY, %SIG_ASY_W); |
1662 | our (%SIG_ASY, %SIG_ASY_W); |
1260 | our ($SIG_COUNT, $SIG_TW); |
1663 | our ($SIG_COUNT, $SIG_TW); |
1261 | |
1664 | |
1262 | sub _signal_exec { |
|
|
1263 | $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT |
|
|
1264 | ? $SIGPIPE_R->drain |
|
|
1265 | : sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 9; |
|
|
1266 | |
|
|
1267 | while (%SIG_EV) { |
|
|
1268 | for (keys %SIG_EV) { |
|
|
1269 | delete $SIG_EV{$_}; |
|
|
1270 | $_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} || {} }; |
|
|
1271 | } |
|
|
1272 | } |
|
|
1273 | } |
|
|
1274 | |
|
|
1275 | # install a dumym wakeupw atcher to reduce signal catching latency |
1665 | # install a dummy wakeup watcher to reduce signal catching latency |
|
|
1666 | # used by Impls |
1276 | sub _sig_add() { |
1667 | sub _sig_add() { |
1277 | unless ($SIG_COUNT++) { |
1668 | unless ($SIG_COUNT++) { |
1278 | # try to align timer on a full-second boundary, if possible |
1669 | # try to align timer on a full-second boundary, if possible |
1279 | my $NOW = AnyEvent->now; |
1670 | my $NOW = AE::now; |
1280 | |
1671 | |
1281 | $SIG_TW = AnyEvent->timer ( |
1672 | $SIG_TW = AE::timer |
1282 | after => $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY - ($NOW - int $NOW), |
1673 | $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY - ($NOW - int $NOW), |
1283 | interval => $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY, |
1674 | $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY, |
1284 | cb => sub { }, # just for the PERL_ASYNC_CHECK |
1675 | sub { } # just for the PERL_ASYNC_CHECK |
1285 | ); |
1676 | ; |
1286 | } |
1677 | } |
1287 | } |
1678 | } |
1288 | |
1679 | |
1289 | sub _sig_del { |
1680 | sub _sig_del { |
1290 | undef $SIG_TW |
1681 | undef $SIG_TW |
1291 | unless --$SIG_COUNT; |
1682 | unless --$SIG_COUNT; |
1292 | } |
1683 | } |
1293 | |
1684 | |
|
|
1685 | our $_sig_name_init; $_sig_name_init = sub { |
|
|
1686 | eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {} |
|
|
1687 | undef $_sig_name_init; |
|
|
1688 | |
|
|
1689 | if (_have_async_interrupt) { |
|
|
1690 | *sig2num = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2num; |
|
|
1691 | *sig2name = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2name; |
|
|
1692 | } else { |
|
|
1693 | require Config; |
|
|
1694 | |
|
|
1695 | my %signame2num; |
|
|
1696 | @signame2num{ split ' ', $Config::Config{sig_name} } |
|
|
1697 | = split ' ', $Config::Config{sig_num}; |
|
|
1698 | |
|
|
1699 | my @signum2name; |
|
|
1700 | @signum2name[values %signame2num] = keys %signame2num; |
|
|
1701 | |
|
|
1702 | *sig2num = sub($) { |
|
|
1703 | $_[0] > 0 ? shift : $signame2num{+shift} |
|
|
1704 | }; |
|
|
1705 | *sig2name = sub ($) { |
|
|
1706 | $_[0] > 0 ? $signum2name[+shift] : shift |
|
|
1707 | }; |
|
|
1708 | } |
|
|
1709 | }; |
|
|
1710 | die if $@; |
|
|
1711 | }; |
|
|
1712 | |
|
|
1713 | sub sig2num ($) { &$_sig_name_init; &sig2num } |
|
|
1714 | sub sig2name($) { &$_sig_name_init; &sig2name } |
|
|
1715 | |
1294 | sub _signal { |
1716 | sub signal { |
1295 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1717 | eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {} |
|
|
1718 | # probe for availability of Async::Interrupt |
|
|
1719 | if (_have_async_interrupt) { |
|
|
1720 | AnyEvent::log 8 => "using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling."; |
1296 | |
1721 | |
1297 | my $signal = uc $arg{signal} |
1722 | $SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe; |
1298 | or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing"; |
1723 | $SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, 0, \&_signal_exec; |
1299 | |
1724 | |
1300 | $SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
1725 | } else { |
|
|
1726 | AnyEvent::log 8 => "using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer."; |
1301 | |
1727 | |
1302 | if ($HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT) { |
1728 | if (AnyEvent::WIN32) { |
1303 | # async::interrupt |
1729 | require AnyEvent::Util; |
1304 | |
1730 | |
1305 | $SIG_ASY{$signal} ||= do { |
1731 | ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe (); |
1306 | my $asy = new Async::Interrupt |
1732 | AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R, 1) if $SIGPIPE_R; |
1307 | cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} }, |
1733 | AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W, 1) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case |
1308 | signal => $signal, |
1734 | } else { |
1309 | pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos], |
1735 | pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W; |
|
|
1736 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, AnyEvent::F_SETFL, AnyEvent::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R; |
|
|
1737 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, AnyEvent::F_SETFL, AnyEvent::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case |
|
|
1738 | |
|
|
1739 | # not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure... |
|
|
1740 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, AnyEvent::F_SETFD, AnyEvent::FD_CLOEXEC; |
|
|
1741 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, AnyEvent::F_SETFD, AnyEvent::FD_CLOEXEC; |
1310 | ; |
1742 | } |
1311 | $asy->pipe_autodrain (0); |
|
|
1312 | |
1743 | |
1313 | $asy |
1744 | $SIGPIPE_R |
|
|
1745 | or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n"; |
|
|
1746 | |
|
|
1747 | $SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R, 0, \&_signal_exec; |
|
|
1748 | } |
|
|
1749 | |
|
|
1750 | *signal = $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT |
|
|
1751 | ? sub { |
|
|
1752 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
|
|
1753 | |
|
|
1754 | # async::interrupt |
|
|
1755 | my $signal = sig2num $arg{signal}; |
|
|
1756 | $SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
|
|
1757 | |
|
|
1758 | $SIG_ASY{$signal} ||= new Async::Interrupt |
|
|
1759 | cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} }, |
|
|
1760 | signal => $signal, |
|
|
1761 | pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos], |
|
|
1762 | pipe_autodrain => 0, |
|
|
1763 | ; |
|
|
1764 | |
|
|
1765 | bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal" |
|
|
1766 | } |
|
|
1767 | : sub { |
|
|
1768 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
|
|
1769 | |
|
|
1770 | # pure perl |
|
|
1771 | my $signal = sig2name $arg{signal}; |
|
|
1772 | $SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
|
|
1773 | |
|
|
1774 | $SIG{$signal} ||= sub { |
|
|
1775 | local $!; |
|
|
1776 | syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV; |
|
|
1777 | undef $SIG_EV{$signal}; |
|
|
1778 | }; |
|
|
1779 | |
|
|
1780 | # can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl, |
|
|
1781 | # so limit the signal latency. |
|
|
1782 | _sig_add; |
|
|
1783 | |
|
|
1784 | bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal" |
|
|
1785 | } |
|
|
1786 | ; |
|
|
1787 | |
|
|
1788 | *AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY = sub { |
|
|
1789 | my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
|
|
1790 | |
|
|
1791 | _sig_del; |
|
|
1792 | |
|
|
1793 | delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb}; |
|
|
1794 | |
|
|
1795 | $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT |
|
|
1796 | ? delete $SIG_ASY{$signal} |
|
|
1797 | : # delete doesn't work with older perls - they then |
|
|
1798 | # print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit |
|
|
1799 | # instead of getting the default action. |
|
|
1800 | undef $SIG{$signal} |
|
|
1801 | unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} }; |
1314 | }; |
1802 | }; |
1315 | |
1803 | |
1316 | } else { |
1804 | *_signal_exec = sub { |
1317 | # pure perl |
1805 | $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT |
|
|
1806 | ? $SIGPIPE_R->drain |
|
|
1807 | : sysread $SIGPIPE_R, (my $dummy), 9; |
1318 | |
1808 | |
1319 | $SIG{$signal} ||= sub { |
1809 | while (%SIG_EV) { |
1320 | local $!; |
1810 | for (keys %SIG_EV) { |
1321 | syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV; |
1811 | delete $SIG_EV{$_}; |
1322 | undef $SIG_EV{$signal}; |
1812 | &$_ for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} || {} }; |
|
|
1813 | } |
|
|
1814 | } |
1323 | }; |
1815 | }; |
1324 | |
|
|
1325 | # can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl, |
|
|
1326 | # so limit the signal latency. |
|
|
1327 | _sig_add; |
|
|
1328 | } |
1816 | }; |
|
|
1817 | die if $@; |
1329 | |
1818 | |
1330 | bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal" |
|
|
1331 | } |
|
|
1332 | |
|
|
1333 | sub signal { |
|
|
1334 | # probe for availability of Async::Interrupt |
|
|
1335 | if (!$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT} && eval "use Async::Interrupt 0.6 (); 1") { |
|
|
1336 | warn "AnyEvent: using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8; |
|
|
1337 | |
|
|
1338 | $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT = 1; |
|
|
1339 | $SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe; |
|
|
1340 | $SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec); |
|
|
1341 | |
|
|
1342 | } else { |
|
|
1343 | warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8; |
|
|
1344 | |
|
|
1345 | require Fcntl; |
|
|
1346 | |
|
|
1347 | if (AnyEvent::WIN32) { |
|
|
1348 | require AnyEvent::Util; |
|
|
1349 | |
|
|
1350 | ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe (); |
|
|
1351 | AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R) if $SIGPIPE_R; |
|
|
1352 | AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case |
|
|
1353 | } else { |
|
|
1354 | pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W; |
|
|
1355 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R; |
|
|
1356 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case |
|
|
1357 | |
|
|
1358 | # not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure... |
|
|
1359 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC; |
|
|
1360 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC; |
|
|
1361 | } |
|
|
1362 | |
|
|
1363 | $SIGPIPE_R |
|
|
1364 | or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n"; |
|
|
1365 | |
|
|
1366 | $SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec); |
|
|
1367 | } |
|
|
1368 | |
|
|
1369 | *signal = \&_signal; |
|
|
1370 | &signal |
1819 | &signal |
1371 | } |
|
|
1372 | |
|
|
1373 | sub AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY { |
|
|
1374 | my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
|
|
1375 | |
|
|
1376 | _sig_del; |
|
|
1377 | |
|
|
1378 | delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb}; |
|
|
1379 | |
|
|
1380 | $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT |
|
|
1381 | ? delete $SIG_ASY{$signal} |
|
|
1382 | : # delete doesn't work with older perls - they then |
|
|
1383 | # print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit |
|
|
1384 | # instead of getting the default action. |
|
|
1385 | undef $SIG{$signal} |
|
|
1386 | unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} }; |
|
|
1387 | } |
1820 | } |
1388 | |
1821 | |
1389 | # default implementation for ->child |
1822 | # default implementation for ->child |
1390 | |
1823 | |
1391 | our %PID_CB; |
1824 | our %PID_CB; |
1392 | our $CHLD_W; |
1825 | our $CHLD_W; |
1393 | our $CHLD_DELAY_W; |
1826 | our $CHLD_DELAY_W; |
1394 | our $WNOHANG; |
|
|
1395 | |
1827 | |
1396 | sub _sigchld { |
1828 | # used by many Impl's |
1397 | while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) { |
1829 | sub _emit_childstatus($$) { |
1398 | $_->($pid, $?) |
1830 | my (undef, $rpid, $rstatus) = @_; |
|
|
1831 | |
|
|
1832 | $_->($rpid, $rstatus) |
1399 | for values %{ $PID_CB{$pid} || {} }, |
1833 | for values %{ $PID_CB{$rpid} || {} }, |
1400 | values %{ $PID_CB{0} || {} }; |
1834 | values %{ $PID_CB{0} || {} }; |
1401 | } |
|
|
1402 | } |
1835 | } |
1403 | |
1836 | |
1404 | sub child { |
1837 | sub child { |
|
|
1838 | eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {} |
|
|
1839 | *_sigchld = sub { |
|
|
1840 | my $pid; |
|
|
1841 | |
|
|
1842 | AnyEvent->_emit_childstatus ($pid, $?) |
|
|
1843 | while ($pid = waitpid -1, WNOHANG) > 0; |
|
|
1844 | }; |
|
|
1845 | |
|
|
1846 | *child = sub { |
1405 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1847 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1406 | |
1848 | |
1407 | defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0) |
1849 | my $pid = $arg{pid}; |
1408 | or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing"; |
1850 | my $cb = $arg{cb}; |
1409 | |
1851 | |
1410 | $PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
1852 | $PID_CB{$pid}{$cb+0} = $cb; |
1411 | |
1853 | |
1412 | # WNOHANG is almost cetrainly 1 everywhere |
|
|
1413 | $WNOHANG ||= $^O =~ /^(?:openbsd|netbsd|linux|freebsd|cygwin|MSWin32)$/ |
|
|
1414 | ? 1 |
|
|
1415 | : eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } || 1; |
|
|
1416 | |
|
|
1417 | unless ($CHLD_W) { |
1854 | unless ($CHLD_W) { |
1418 | $CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld); |
1855 | $CHLD_W = AE::signal CHLD => \&_sigchld; |
1419 | # child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round |
1856 | # child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round |
1420 | &_sigchld; |
1857 | &_sigchld; |
1421 | } |
1858 | } |
1422 | |
1859 | |
1423 | bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child" |
1860 | bless [$pid, $cb+0], "AnyEvent::Base::child" |
1424 | } |
1861 | }; |
1425 | |
1862 | |
1426 | sub AnyEvent::Base::child::DESTROY { |
1863 | *AnyEvent::Base::child::DESTROY = sub { |
1427 | my ($pid, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
1864 | my ($pid, $icb) = @{$_[0]}; |
1428 | |
1865 | |
1429 | delete $PID_CB{$pid}{$cb}; |
1866 | delete $PID_CB{$pid}{$icb}; |
1430 | delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} }; |
1867 | delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} }; |
1431 | |
1868 | |
1432 | undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB; |
1869 | undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB; |
|
|
1870 | }; |
|
|
1871 | }; |
|
|
1872 | die if $@; |
|
|
1873 | |
|
|
1874 | &child |
1433 | } |
1875 | } |
1434 | |
1876 | |
1435 | # idle emulation is done by simply using a timer, regardless |
1877 | # idle emulation is done by simply using a timer, regardless |
1436 | # of whether the process is idle or not, and not letting |
1878 | # of whether the process is idle or not, and not letting |
1437 | # the callback use more than 50% of the time. |
1879 | # the callback use more than 50% of the time. |
1438 | sub idle { |
1880 | sub idle { |
|
|
1881 | eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {} |
|
|
1882 | *idle = sub { |
1439 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1883 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1440 | |
1884 | |
1441 | my ($cb, $w, $rcb) = $arg{cb}; |
1885 | my ($cb, $w, $rcb) = $arg{cb}; |
1442 | |
1886 | |
1443 | $rcb = sub { |
1887 | $rcb = sub { |
1444 | if ($cb) { |
1888 | if ($cb) { |
1445 | $w = _time; |
1889 | $w = AE::time; |
1446 | &$cb; |
1890 | &$cb; |
1447 | $w = _time - $w; |
1891 | $w = AE::time - $w; |
1448 | |
1892 | |
1449 | # never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher, |
1893 | # never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher, |
1450 | # within some limits |
1894 | # within some limits |
1451 | $w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001; |
1895 | $w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001; |
1452 | $w = 5 if $w > 5; |
1896 | $w = 5 if $w > 5; |
1453 | |
1897 | |
1454 | $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $w, cb => $rcb); |
1898 | $w = AE::timer $w, 0, $rcb; |
1455 | } else { |
1899 | } else { |
1456 | # clean up... |
1900 | # clean up... |
1457 | undef $w; |
1901 | undef $w; |
1458 | undef $rcb; |
1902 | undef $rcb; |
|
|
1903 | } |
|
|
1904 | }; |
|
|
1905 | |
|
|
1906 | $w = AE::timer 0.05, 0, $rcb; |
|
|
1907 | |
|
|
1908 | bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle" |
1459 | } |
1909 | }; |
|
|
1910 | |
|
|
1911 | *AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY = sub { |
|
|
1912 | undef $${$_[0]}; |
|
|
1913 | }; |
1460 | }; |
1914 | }; |
|
|
1915 | die if $@; |
1461 | |
1916 | |
1462 | $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 0.05, cb => $rcb); |
1917 | &idle |
1463 | |
|
|
1464 | bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle" |
|
|
1465 | } |
|
|
1466 | |
|
|
1467 | sub AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY { |
|
|
1468 | undef $${$_[0]}; |
|
|
1469 | } |
1918 | } |
1470 | |
1919 | |
1471 | package AnyEvent::CondVar; |
1920 | package AnyEvent::CondVar; |
1472 | |
1921 | |
1473 | our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::; |
1922 | our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::; |
|
|
1923 | |
|
|
1924 | # only to be used for subclassing |
|
|
1925 | sub new { |
|
|
1926 | my $class = shift; |
|
|
1927 | bless AnyEvent->condvar (@_), $class |
|
|
1928 | } |
1474 | |
1929 | |
1475 | package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base; |
1930 | package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base; |
1476 | |
1931 | |
1477 | #use overload |
1932 | #use overload |
1478 | # '&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } }, |
1933 | # '&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } }, |
… | |
… | |
1488 | |
1943 | |
1489 | sub _send { |
1944 | sub _send { |
1490 | # nop |
1945 | # nop |
1491 | } |
1946 | } |
1492 | |
1947 | |
|
|
1948 | sub _wait { |
|
|
1949 | AnyEvent->_poll until $_[0]{_ae_sent}; |
|
|
1950 | } |
|
|
1951 | |
1493 | sub send { |
1952 | sub send { |
1494 | my $cv = shift; |
1953 | my $cv = shift; |
1495 | $cv->{_ae_sent} = [@_]; |
1954 | $cv->{_ae_sent} = [@_]; |
1496 | (delete $cv->{_ae_cb})->($cv) if $cv->{_ae_cb}; |
1955 | (delete $cv->{_ae_cb})->($cv) if $cv->{_ae_cb}; |
1497 | $cv->_send; |
1956 | $cv->_send; |
… | |
… | |
1504 | |
1963 | |
1505 | sub ready { |
1964 | sub ready { |
1506 | $_[0]{_ae_sent} |
1965 | $_[0]{_ae_sent} |
1507 | } |
1966 | } |
1508 | |
1967 | |
1509 | sub _wait { |
|
|
1510 | $WAITING |
|
|
1511 | and !$_[0]{_ae_sent} |
|
|
1512 | and Carp::croak "AnyEvent::CondVar: recursive blocking wait detected"; |
|
|
1513 | |
|
|
1514 | local $WAITING = 1; |
|
|
1515 | AnyEvent->one_event while !$_[0]{_ae_sent}; |
|
|
1516 | } |
|
|
1517 | |
|
|
1518 | sub recv { |
1968 | sub recv { |
|
|
1969 | unless ($_[0]{_ae_sent}) { |
|
|
1970 | $WAITING |
|
|
1971 | and Carp::croak "AnyEvent::CondVar: recursive blocking wait attempted"; |
|
|
1972 | |
|
|
1973 | local $WAITING = 1; |
1519 | $_[0]->_wait; |
1974 | $_[0]->_wait; |
|
|
1975 | } |
1520 | |
1976 | |
1521 | Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak} if $_[0]{_ae_croak}; |
1977 | $_[0]{_ae_croak} |
1522 | wantarray ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0] |
1978 | and Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak}; |
|
|
1979 | |
|
|
1980 | wantarray |
|
|
1981 | ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } |
|
|
1982 | : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0] |
1523 | } |
1983 | } |
1524 | |
1984 | |
1525 | sub cb { |
1985 | sub cb { |
1526 | $_[0]{_ae_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1; |
1986 | my $cv = shift; |
|
|
1987 | |
|
|
1988 | @_ |
|
|
1989 | and $cv->{_ae_cb} = shift |
|
|
1990 | and $cv->{_ae_sent} |
|
|
1991 | and (delete $cv->{_ae_cb})->($cv); |
|
|
1992 | |
1527 | $_[0]{_ae_cb} |
1993 | $cv->{_ae_cb} |
1528 | } |
1994 | } |
1529 | |
1995 | |
1530 | sub begin { |
1996 | sub begin { |
1531 | ++$_[0]{_ae_counter}; |
1997 | ++$_[0]{_ae_counter}; |
1532 | $_[0]{_ae_end_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1; |
1998 | $_[0]{_ae_end_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1; |
… | |
… | |
1537 | &{ $_[0]{_ae_end_cb} || sub { $_[0]->send } }; |
2003 | &{ $_[0]{_ae_end_cb} || sub { $_[0]->send } }; |
1538 | } |
2004 | } |
1539 | |
2005 | |
1540 | # undocumented/compatibility with pre-3.4 |
2006 | # undocumented/compatibility with pre-3.4 |
1541 | *broadcast = \&send; |
2007 | *broadcast = \&send; |
1542 | *wait = \&_wait; |
2008 | *wait = \&recv; |
1543 | |
2009 | |
1544 | =head1 ERROR AND EXCEPTION HANDLING |
2010 | =head1 ERROR AND EXCEPTION HANDLING |
1545 | |
2011 | |
1546 | In general, AnyEvent does not do any error handling - it relies on the |
2012 | In general, AnyEvent does not do any error handling - it relies on the |
1547 | caller to do that if required. The L<AnyEvent::Strict> module (see also |
2013 | caller to do that if required. The L<AnyEvent::Strict> module (see also |
… | |
… | |
1559 | $Event/EV::DIED->() >>, L<Glib> uses C<< install_exception_handler >> and |
2025 | $Event/EV::DIED->() >>, L<Glib> uses C<< install_exception_handler >> and |
1560 | so on. |
2026 | so on. |
1561 | |
2027 | |
1562 | =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES |
2028 | =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES |
1563 | |
2029 | |
1564 | The following environment variables are used by this module or its |
2030 | AnyEvent supports a number of environment variables that tune the |
1565 | submodules. |
2031 | runtime behaviour. They are usually evaluated when AnyEvent is |
|
|
2032 | loaded, initialised, or a submodule that uses them is loaded. Many of |
|
|
2033 | them also cause AnyEvent to load additional modules - for example, |
|
|
2034 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_WRAP> causes the L<AnyEvent::Debug> module to be |
|
|
2035 | loaded. |
1566 | |
2036 | |
1567 | Note that AnyEvent will remove I<all> environment variables starting with |
2037 | All the environment variables documented here start with |
1568 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_> from C<%ENV> when it is loaded while taint mode is |
2038 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_>, which is what AnyEvent considers its own |
1569 | enabled. |
2039 | namespace. Other modules are encouraged (but by no means required) to use |
|
|
2040 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_SUBMODULE> if they have registered the AnyEvent::Submodule |
|
|
2041 | namespace on CPAN, for any submodule. For example, L<AnyEvent::HTTP> could |
|
|
2042 | be expected to use C<PERL_ANYEVENT_HTTP_PROXY> (it should not access env |
|
|
2043 | variables starting with C<AE_>, see below). |
|
|
2044 | |
|
|
2045 | All variables can also be set via the C<AE_> prefix, that is, instead |
|
|
2046 | of setting C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE> you can also set C<AE_VERBOSE>. In |
|
|
2047 | case there is a clash btween anyevent and another program that uses |
|
|
2048 | C<AE_something> you can set the corresponding C<PERL_ANYEVENT_something> |
|
|
2049 | variable to the empty string, as those variables take precedence. |
|
|
2050 | |
|
|
2051 | When AnyEvent is first loaded, it copies all C<AE_xxx> env variables |
|
|
2052 | to their C<PERL_ANYEVENT_xxx> counterpart unless that variable already |
|
|
2053 | exists. If taint mode is on, then AnyEvent will remove I<all> environment |
|
|
2054 | variables starting with C<PERL_ANYEVENT_> from C<%ENV> (or replace them |
|
|
2055 | with C<undef> or the empty string, if the corresaponding C<AE_> variable |
|
|
2056 | is set). |
|
|
2057 | |
|
|
2058 | The exact algorithm is currently: |
|
|
2059 | |
|
|
2060 | 1. if taint mode enabled, delete all PERL_ANYEVENT_xyz variables from %ENV |
|
|
2061 | 2. copy over AE_xyz to PERL_ANYEVENT_xyz unless the latter alraedy exists |
|
|
2062 | 3. if taint mode enabled, set all PERL_ANYEVENT_xyz variables to undef. |
|
|
2063 | |
|
|
2064 | This ensures that child processes will not see the C<AE_> variables. |
|
|
2065 | |
|
|
2066 | The following environment variables are currently known to AnyEvent: |
1570 | |
2067 | |
1571 | =over 4 |
2068 | =over 4 |
1572 | |
2069 | |
1573 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE> |
2070 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE> |
1574 | |
2071 | |
1575 | By default, AnyEvent will be completely silent except in fatal |
2072 | By default, AnyEvent will only log messages with loglevel C<3> |
1576 | conditions. You can set this environment variable to make AnyEvent more |
2073 | (C<critical>) or higher (see L<AnyEvent::Log>). You can set this |
|
|
2074 | environment variable to a numerical loglevel to make AnyEvent more (or |
1577 | talkative. |
2075 | less) talkative. |
1578 | |
2076 | |
|
|
2077 | If you want to do more than just set the global logging level |
|
|
2078 | you should have a look at C<PERL_ANYEVENT_LOG>, which allows much more |
|
|
2079 | complex specifications. |
|
|
2080 | |
|
|
2081 | When set to C<0> (C<off>), then no messages whatsoever will be logged with |
|
|
2082 | the default logging settings. |
|
|
2083 | |
1579 | When set to C<1> or higher, causes AnyEvent to warn about unexpected |
2084 | When set to C<5> or higher (C<warn>), causes AnyEvent to warn about |
1580 | conditions, such as not being able to load the event model specified by |
2085 | unexpected conditions, such as not being able to load the event model |
1581 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>. |
2086 | specified by C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>, or a guard callback throwing an |
|
|
2087 | exception - this is the minimum recommended level. |
1582 | |
2088 | |
1583 | When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event |
2089 | When set to C<7> or higher (info), cause AnyEvent to report which event model it |
1584 | model it chooses. |
2090 | chooses. |
1585 | |
2091 | |
1586 | When set to C<8> or higher, then AnyEvent will report extra information on |
2092 | When set to C<8> or higher (debug), then AnyEvent will report extra information on |
1587 | which optional modules it loads and how it implements certain features. |
2093 | which optional modules it loads and how it implements certain features. |
|
|
2094 | |
|
|
2095 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_LOG> |
|
|
2096 | |
|
|
2097 | Accepts rather complex logging specifications. For example, you could log |
|
|
2098 | all C<debug> messages of some module to stderr, warnings and above to |
|
|
2099 | stderr, and errors and above to syslog, with: |
|
|
2100 | |
|
|
2101 | PERL_ANYEVENT_LOG=Some::Module=debug,+log:filter=warn,+%syslog:%syslog=error,syslog |
|
|
2102 | |
|
|
2103 | For the rather extensive details, see L<AnyEvent::Log>. |
|
|
2104 | |
|
|
2105 | This variable is evaluated when AnyEvent (or L<AnyEvent::Log>) is loaded, |
|
|
2106 | so will take effect even before AnyEvent has initialised itself. |
|
|
2107 | |
|
|
2108 | Note that specifying this environment variable causes the L<AnyEvent::Log> |
|
|
2109 | module to be loaded, while C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE> does not, so only |
|
|
2110 | using the latter saves a few hundred kB of memory until the first message |
|
|
2111 | is being logged. |
1588 | |
2112 | |
1589 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT> |
2113 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT> |
1590 | |
2114 | |
1591 | AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough |
2115 | AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough |
1592 | argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value |
2116 | argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value |
… | |
… | |
1594 | check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems, |
2118 | check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems, |
1595 | it will croak. |
2119 | it will croak. |
1596 | |
2120 | |
1597 | In other words, enables "strict" mode. |
2121 | In other words, enables "strict" mode. |
1598 | |
2122 | |
1599 | Unlike C<use strict> (or it's modern cousin, C<< use L<common::sense> |
2123 | Unlike C<use strict> (or its modern cousin, C<< use L<common::sense> |
1600 | >>, it is definitely recommended to keep it off in production. Keeping |
2124 | >>, it is definitely recommended to keep it off in production. Keeping |
1601 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while developing programs |
2125 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while developing programs |
1602 | can be very useful, however. |
2126 | can be very useful, however. |
1603 | |
2127 | |
|
|
2128 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_SHELL> |
|
|
2129 | |
|
|
2130 | If this env variable is nonempty, then its contents will be interpreted by |
|
|
2131 | C<AnyEvent::Socket::parse_hostport> and C<AnyEvent::Debug::shell> (after |
|
|
2132 | replacing every occurance of C<$$> by the process pid). The shell object |
|
|
2133 | is saved in C<$AnyEvent::Debug::SHELL>. |
|
|
2134 | |
|
|
2135 | This happens when the first watcher is created. |
|
|
2136 | |
|
|
2137 | For example, to bind a debug shell on a unix domain socket in |
|
|
2138 | F<< /tmp/debug<pid>.sock >>, you could use this: |
|
|
2139 | |
|
|
2140 | PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_SHELL=/tmp/debug\$\$.sock perlprog |
|
|
2141 | # connect with e.g.: socat readline /tmp/debug123.sock |
|
|
2142 | |
|
|
2143 | Or to bind to tcp port 4545 on localhost: |
|
|
2144 | |
|
|
2145 | PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_SHELL=127.0.0.1:4545 perlprog |
|
|
2146 | # connect with e.g.: telnet localhost 4545 |
|
|
2147 | |
|
|
2148 | Note that creating sockets in F</tmp> or on localhost is very unsafe on |
|
|
2149 | multiuser systems. |
|
|
2150 | |
|
|
2151 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_WRAP> |
|
|
2152 | |
|
|
2153 | Can be set to C<0>, C<1> or C<2> and enables wrapping of all watchers for |
|
|
2154 | debugging purposes. See C<AnyEvent::Debug::wrap> for details. |
|
|
2155 | |
1604 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL> |
2156 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL> |
1605 | |
2157 | |
1606 | This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before |
2158 | This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before |
1607 | auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting |
2159 | auto detection and -probing kicks in. |
1608 | entirely of ASCII letters. The string C<AnyEvent::Impl::> gets prepended |
2160 | |
|
|
2161 | It normally is a string consisting entirely of ASCII letters (e.g. C<EV> |
|
|
2162 | or C<IOAsync>). The string C<AnyEvent::Impl::> gets prepended and the |
1609 | and the resulting module name is loaded and if the load was successful, |
2163 | resulting module name is loaded and - if the load was successful - used as |
1610 | used as event model. If it fails to load AnyEvent will proceed with |
2164 | event model backend. If it fails to load then AnyEvent will proceed with |
1611 | auto detection and -probing. |
2165 | auto detection and -probing. |
1612 | |
2166 | |
1613 | This functionality might change in future versions. |
2167 | If the string ends with C<::> instead (e.g. C<AnyEvent::Impl::EV::>) then |
|
|
2168 | nothing gets prepended and the module name is used as-is (hint: C<::> at |
|
|
2169 | the end of a string designates a module name and quotes it appropriately). |
1614 | |
2170 | |
1615 | For example, to force the pure perl model (L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) you |
2171 | For example, to force the pure perl model (L<AnyEvent::Loop::Perl>) you |
1616 | could start your program like this: |
2172 | could start your program like this: |
1617 | |
2173 | |
1618 | PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL=Perl perl ... |
2174 | PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL=Perl perl ... |
1619 | |
2175 | |
1620 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS> |
2176 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS> |
… | |
… | |
1636 | but support both and try to use both. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv4> |
2192 | but support both and try to use both. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv4> |
1637 | - only support IPv4, never try to resolve or contact IPv6 |
2193 | - only support IPv4, never try to resolve or contact IPv6 |
1638 | addresses. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv6,ipv4> support either IPv4 or |
2194 | addresses. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv6,ipv4> support either IPv4 or |
1639 | IPv6, but prefer IPv6 over IPv4. |
2195 | IPv6, but prefer IPv6 over IPv4. |
1640 | |
2196 | |
|
|
2197 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_HOSTS> |
|
|
2198 | |
|
|
2199 | This variable, if specified, overrides the F</etc/hosts> file used by |
|
|
2200 | L<AnyEvent::Socket>C<::resolve_sockaddr>, i.e. hosts aliases will be read |
|
|
2201 | from that file instead. |
|
|
2202 | |
1641 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_EDNS0> |
2203 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_EDNS0> |
1642 | |
2204 | |
1643 | Used by L<AnyEvent::DNS> to decide whether to use the EDNS0 extension |
2205 | Used by L<AnyEvent::DNS> to decide whether to use the EDNS0 extension for |
1644 | for DNS. This extension is generally useful to reduce DNS traffic, but |
2206 | DNS. This extension is generally useful to reduce DNS traffic, especially |
1645 | some (broken) firewalls drop such DNS packets, which is why it is off by |
2207 | when DNSSEC is involved, but some (broken) firewalls drop such DNS |
1646 | default. |
2208 | packets, which is why it is off by default. |
1647 | |
2209 | |
1648 | Setting this variable to C<1> will cause L<AnyEvent::DNS> to announce |
2210 | Setting this variable to C<1> will cause L<AnyEvent::DNS> to announce |
1649 | EDNS0 in its DNS requests. |
2211 | EDNS0 in its DNS requests. |
1650 | |
2212 | |
1651 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS> |
2213 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS> |
… | |
… | |
1659 | resolver - this is the maximum number of parallel DNS requests that are |
2221 | resolver - this is the maximum number of parallel DNS requests that are |
1660 | sent to the DNS server. |
2222 | sent to the DNS server. |
1661 | |
2223 | |
1662 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_RESOLV_CONF> |
2224 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_RESOLV_CONF> |
1663 | |
2225 | |
1664 | The file to use instead of F</etc/resolv.conf> (or OS-specific |
2226 | The absolute path to a F<resolv.conf>-style file to use instead of |
1665 | configuration) in the default resolver. When set to the empty string, no |
2227 | F</etc/resolv.conf> (or the OS-specific configuration) in the default |
1666 | default config will be used. |
2228 | resolver, or the empty string to select the default configuration. |
1667 | |
2229 | |
1668 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_FILE>, C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_PATH>. |
2230 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_FILE>, C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_PATH>. |
1669 | |
2231 | |
1670 | When neither C<ca_file> nor C<ca_path> was specified during |
2232 | When neither C<ca_file> nor C<ca_path> was specified during |
1671 | L<AnyEvent::TLS> context creation, and either of these environment |
2233 | L<AnyEvent::TLS> context creation, and either of these environment |
1672 | variables exist, they will be used to specify CA certificate locations |
2234 | variables are nonempty, they will be used to specify CA certificate |
1673 | instead of a system-dependent default. |
2235 | locations instead of a system-dependent default. |
1674 | |
2236 | |
1675 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_GUARD> and C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT> |
2237 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_GUARD> and C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT> |
1676 | |
2238 | |
1677 | When these are set to C<1>, then the respective modules are not |
2239 | When these are set to C<1>, then the respective modules are not |
1678 | loaded. Mostly good for testing AnyEvent itself. |
2240 | loaded. Mostly good for testing AnyEvent itself. |
… | |
… | |
1741 | warn "read: $input\n"; # output what has been read |
2303 | warn "read: $input\n"; # output what has been read |
1742 | $cv->send if $input =~ /^q/i; # quit program if /^q/i |
2304 | $cv->send if $input =~ /^q/i; # quit program if /^q/i |
1743 | }, |
2305 | }, |
1744 | ); |
2306 | ); |
1745 | |
2307 | |
1746 | my $time_watcher; # can only be used once |
|
|
1747 | |
|
|
1748 | sub new_timer { |
|
|
1749 | $timer = AnyEvent->timer (after => 1, cb => sub { |
2308 | my $time_watcher = AnyEvent->timer (after => 1, interval => 1, cb => sub { |
1750 | warn "timeout\n"; # print 'timeout' about every second |
2309 | warn "timeout\n"; # print 'timeout' at most every second |
1751 | &new_timer; # and restart the time |
|
|
1752 | }); |
2310 | }); |
1753 | } |
|
|
1754 | |
|
|
1755 | new_timer; # create first timer |
|
|
1756 | |
2311 | |
1757 | $cv->recv; # wait until user enters /^q/i |
2312 | $cv->recv; # wait until user enters /^q/i |
1758 | |
2313 | |
1759 | =head1 REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE |
2314 | =head1 REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE |
1760 | |
2315 | |
… | |
… | |
1833 | |
2388 | |
1834 | The actual code goes further and collects all errors (C<die>s, exceptions) |
2389 | The actual code goes further and collects all errors (C<die>s, exceptions) |
1835 | that occurred during request processing. The C<result> method detects |
2390 | that occurred during request processing. The C<result> method detects |
1836 | whether an exception as thrown (it is stored inside the $txn object) |
2391 | whether an exception as thrown (it is stored inside the $txn object) |
1837 | and just throws the exception, which means connection errors and other |
2392 | and just throws the exception, which means connection errors and other |
1838 | problems get reported tot he code that tries to use the result, not in a |
2393 | problems get reported to the code that tries to use the result, not in a |
1839 | random callback. |
2394 | random callback. |
1840 | |
2395 | |
1841 | All of this enables the following usage styles: |
2396 | All of this enables the following usage styles: |
1842 | |
2397 | |
1843 | 1. Blocking: |
2398 | 1. Blocking: |
… | |
… | |
1891 | through AnyEvent. The benchmark creates a lot of timers (with a zero |
2446 | through AnyEvent. The benchmark creates a lot of timers (with a zero |
1892 | timeout) and I/O watchers (watching STDOUT, a pty, to become writable, |
2447 | timeout) and I/O watchers (watching STDOUT, a pty, to become writable, |
1893 | which it is), lets them fire exactly once and destroys them again. |
2448 | which it is), lets them fire exactly once and destroys them again. |
1894 | |
2449 | |
1895 | Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench> in the AnyEvent |
2450 | Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench> in the AnyEvent |
1896 | distribution. |
2451 | distribution. It uses the L<AE> interface, which makes a real difference |
|
|
2452 | for the EV and Perl backends only. |
1897 | |
2453 | |
1898 | =head3 Explanation of the columns |
2454 | =head3 Explanation of the columns |
1899 | |
2455 | |
1900 | I<watcher> is the number of event watchers created/destroyed. Since |
2456 | I<watcher> is the number of event watchers created/destroyed. Since |
1901 | different event models feature vastly different performances, each event |
2457 | different event models feature vastly different performances, each event |
… | |
… | |
1922 | watcher. |
2478 | watcher. |
1923 | |
2479 | |
1924 | =head3 Results |
2480 | =head3 Results |
1925 | |
2481 | |
1926 | name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment |
2482 | name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment |
1927 | EV/EV 400000 224 0.47 0.35 0.27 EV native interface |
2483 | EV/EV 100000 223 0.47 0.43 0.27 EV native interface |
1928 | EV/Any 100000 224 2.88 0.34 0.27 EV + AnyEvent watchers |
2484 | EV/Any 100000 223 0.48 0.42 0.26 EV + AnyEvent watchers |
1929 | CoroEV/Any 100000 224 2.85 0.35 0.28 coroutines + Coro::Signal |
2485 | Coro::EV/Any 100000 223 0.47 0.42 0.26 coroutines + Coro::Signal |
1930 | Perl/Any 100000 452 4.13 0.73 0.95 pure perl implementation |
2486 | Perl/Any 100000 431 2.70 0.74 0.92 pure perl implementation |
1931 | Event/Event 16000 517 32.20 31.80 0.81 Event native interface |
2487 | Event/Event 16000 516 31.16 31.84 0.82 Event native interface |
1932 | Event/Any 16000 590 35.85 31.55 1.06 Event + AnyEvent watchers |
2488 | Event/Any 16000 1203 42.61 34.79 1.80 Event + AnyEvent watchers |
1933 | IOAsync/Any 16000 989 38.10 32.77 11.13 via IO::Async::Loop::IO_Poll |
2489 | IOAsync/Any 16000 1911 41.92 27.45 16.81 via IO::Async::Loop::IO_Poll |
1934 | IOAsync/Any 16000 990 37.59 29.50 10.61 via IO::Async::Loop::Epoll |
2490 | IOAsync/Any 16000 1726 40.69 26.37 15.25 via IO::Async::Loop::Epoll |
1935 | Glib/Any 16000 1357 102.33 12.31 51.00 quadratic behaviour |
2491 | Glib/Any 16000 1118 89.00 12.57 51.17 quadratic behaviour |
1936 | Tk/Any 2000 1860 27.20 66.31 14.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers |
2492 | Tk/Any 2000 1346 20.96 10.75 8.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers |
1937 | POE/Event 2000 6328 109.99 751.67 14.02 via POE::Loop::Event |
2493 | POE/Any 2000 6951 108.97 795.32 14.24 via POE::Loop::Event |
1938 | POE/Select 2000 6027 94.54 809.13 579.80 via POE::Loop::Select |
2494 | POE/Any 2000 6648 94.79 774.40 575.51 via POE::Loop::Select |
1939 | |
2495 | |
1940 | =head3 Discussion |
2496 | =head3 Discussion |
1941 | |
2497 | |
1942 | The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very |
2498 | The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very |
1943 | well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one) |
2499 | well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one) |
… | |
… | |
1955 | benchmark machine, handling an event takes roughly 1600 CPU cycles with |
2511 | benchmark machine, handling an event takes roughly 1600 CPU cycles with |
1956 | EV, 3100 CPU cycles with AnyEvent's pure perl loop and almost 3000000 CPU |
2512 | EV, 3100 CPU cycles with AnyEvent's pure perl loop and almost 3000000 CPU |
1957 | cycles with POE. |
2513 | cycles with POE. |
1958 | |
2514 | |
1959 | C<EV> is the sole leader regarding speed and memory use, which are both |
2515 | C<EV> is the sole leader regarding speed and memory use, which are both |
1960 | maximal/minimal, respectively. Even when going through AnyEvent, it uses |
2516 | maximal/minimal, respectively. When using the L<AE> API there is zero |
|
|
2517 | overhead (when going through the AnyEvent API create is about 5-6 times |
|
|
2518 | slower, with other times being equal, so still uses far less memory than |
1961 | far less memory than any other event loop and is still faster than Event |
2519 | any other event loop and is still faster than Event natively). |
1962 | natively. |
|
|
1963 | |
2520 | |
1964 | The pure perl implementation is hit in a few sweet spots (both the |
2521 | The pure perl implementation is hit in a few sweet spots (both the |
1965 | constant timeout and the use of a single fd hit optimisations in the perl |
2522 | constant timeout and the use of a single fd hit optimisations in the perl |
1966 | interpreter and the backend itself). Nevertheless this shows that it |
2523 | interpreter and the backend itself). Nevertheless this shows that it |
1967 | adds very little overhead in itself. Like any select-based backend its |
2524 | adds very little overhead in itself. Like any select-based backend its |
… | |
… | |
2015 | (even when used without AnyEvent), but most event loops have acceptable |
2572 | (even when used without AnyEvent), but most event loops have acceptable |
2016 | performance with or without AnyEvent. |
2573 | performance with or without AnyEvent. |
2017 | |
2574 | |
2018 | =item * The overhead AnyEvent adds is usually much smaller than the overhead of |
2575 | =item * The overhead AnyEvent adds is usually much smaller than the overhead of |
2019 | the actual event loop, only with extremely fast event loops such as EV |
2576 | the actual event loop, only with extremely fast event loops such as EV |
2020 | adds AnyEvent significant overhead. |
2577 | does AnyEvent add significant overhead. |
2021 | |
2578 | |
2022 | =item * You should avoid POE like the plague if you want performance or |
2579 | =item * You should avoid POE like the plague if you want performance or |
2023 | reasonable memory usage. |
2580 | reasonable memory usage. |
2024 | |
2581 | |
2025 | =back |
2582 | =back |
… | |
… | |
2041 | In this benchmark, we use 10000 socket pairs (20000 sockets), of which 100 |
2598 | In this benchmark, we use 10000 socket pairs (20000 sockets), of which 100 |
2042 | (1%) are active. This mirrors the activity of large servers with many |
2599 | (1%) are active. This mirrors the activity of large servers with many |
2043 | connections, most of which are idle at any one point in time. |
2600 | connections, most of which are idle at any one point in time. |
2044 | |
2601 | |
2045 | Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench2> in the AnyEvent |
2602 | Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench2> in the AnyEvent |
2046 | distribution. |
2603 | distribution. It uses the L<AE> interface, which makes a real difference |
|
|
2604 | for the EV and Perl backends only. |
2047 | |
2605 | |
2048 | =head3 Explanation of the columns |
2606 | =head3 Explanation of the columns |
2049 | |
2607 | |
2050 | I<sockets> is the number of sockets, and twice the number of "servers" (as |
2608 | I<sockets> is the number of sockets, and twice the number of "servers" (as |
2051 | each server has a read and write socket end). |
2609 | each server has a read and write socket end). |
… | |
… | |
2059 | a new one that moves the timeout into the future. |
2617 | a new one that moves the timeout into the future. |
2060 | |
2618 | |
2061 | =head3 Results |
2619 | =head3 Results |
2062 | |
2620 | |
2063 | name sockets create request |
2621 | name sockets create request |
2064 | EV 20000 69.01 11.16 |
2622 | EV 20000 62.66 7.99 |
2065 | Perl 20000 73.32 35.87 |
2623 | Perl 20000 68.32 32.64 |
2066 | IOAsync 20000 157.00 98.14 epoll |
2624 | IOAsync 20000 174.06 101.15 epoll |
2067 | IOAsync 20000 159.31 616.06 poll |
2625 | IOAsync 20000 174.67 610.84 poll |
2068 | Event 20000 212.62 257.32 |
2626 | Event 20000 202.69 242.91 |
2069 | Glib 20000 651.16 1896.30 |
2627 | Glib 20000 557.01 1689.52 |
2070 | POE 20000 349.67 12317.24 uses POE::Loop::Event |
2628 | POE 20000 341.54 12086.32 uses POE::Loop::Event |
2071 | |
2629 | |
2072 | =head3 Discussion |
2630 | =head3 Discussion |
2073 | |
2631 | |
2074 | This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the |
2632 | This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the |
2075 | particular event loop. |
2633 | particular event loop. |
… | |
… | |
2201 | As you can see, the AnyEvent + EV combination even beats the |
2759 | As you can see, the AnyEvent + EV combination even beats the |
2202 | hand-optimised "raw sockets benchmark", while AnyEvent + its pure perl |
2760 | hand-optimised "raw sockets benchmark", while AnyEvent + its pure perl |
2203 | backend easily beats IO::Lambda and POE. |
2761 | backend easily beats IO::Lambda and POE. |
2204 | |
2762 | |
2205 | And even the 100% non-blocking version written using the high-level (and |
2763 | And even the 100% non-blocking version written using the high-level (and |
2206 | slow :) L<AnyEvent::Handle> abstraction beats both POE and IO::Lambda by a |
2764 | slow :) L<AnyEvent::Handle> abstraction beats both POE and IO::Lambda |
2207 | large margin, even though it does all of DNS, tcp-connect and socket I/O |
2765 | higher level ("unoptimised") abstractions by a large margin, even though |
2208 | in a non-blocking way. |
2766 | it does all of DNS, tcp-connect and socket I/O in a non-blocking way. |
2209 | |
2767 | |
2210 | The two AnyEvent benchmarks programs can be found as F<eg/ae0.pl> and |
2768 | The two AnyEvent benchmarks programs can be found as F<eg/ae0.pl> and |
2211 | F<eg/ae2.pl> in the AnyEvent distribution, the remaining benchmarks are |
2769 | F<eg/ae2.pl> in the AnyEvent distribution, the remaining benchmarks are |
2212 | part of the IO::lambda distribution and were used without any changes. |
2770 | part of the IO::Lambda distribution and were used without any changes. |
2213 | |
2771 | |
2214 | |
2772 | |
2215 | =head1 SIGNALS |
2773 | =head1 SIGNALS |
2216 | |
2774 | |
2217 | AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals: |
2775 | AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals: |
… | |
… | |
2254 | unless defined $SIG{PIPE}; |
2812 | unless defined $SIG{PIPE}; |
2255 | |
2813 | |
2256 | =head1 RECOMMENDED/OPTIONAL MODULES |
2814 | =head1 RECOMMENDED/OPTIONAL MODULES |
2257 | |
2815 | |
2258 | One of AnyEvent's main goals is to be 100% Pure-Perl(tm): only perl (and |
2816 | One of AnyEvent's main goals is to be 100% Pure-Perl(tm): only perl (and |
2259 | it's built-in modules) are required to use it. |
2817 | its built-in modules) are required to use it. |
2260 | |
2818 | |
2261 | That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional |
2819 | That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional |
2262 | modules if they are installed. |
2820 | modules if they are installed. |
2263 | |
2821 | |
2264 | This section epxlains which additional modules will be used, and how they |
2822 | This section explains which additional modules will be used, and how they |
2265 | affect AnyEvent's operetion. |
2823 | affect AnyEvent's operation. |
2266 | |
2824 | |
2267 | =over 4 |
2825 | =over 4 |
2268 | |
2826 | |
2269 | =item L<Async::Interrupt> |
2827 | =item L<Async::Interrupt> |
2270 | |
2828 | |
2271 | This slightly arcane module is used to implement fast signal handling: To |
2829 | This slightly arcane module is used to implement fast signal handling: To |
2272 | my knowledge, there is no way to do completely race-free and quick |
2830 | my knowledge, there is no way to do completely race-free and quick |
2273 | signal handling in pure perl. To ensure that signals still get |
2831 | signal handling in pure perl. To ensure that signals still get |
2274 | delivered, AnyEvent will start an interval timer to wake up perl (and |
2832 | delivered, AnyEvent will start an interval timer to wake up perl (and |
2275 | catch the signals) with soemd elay (default is 10 seconds, look for |
2833 | catch the signals) with some delay (default is 10 seconds, look for |
2276 | C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>). |
2834 | C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>). |
2277 | |
2835 | |
2278 | If this module is available, then it will be used to implement signal |
2836 | If this module is available, then it will be used to implement signal |
2279 | catching, which means that signals will not be delayed, and the event loop |
2837 | catching, which means that signals will not be delayed, and the event loop |
2280 | will not be interrupted regularly, which is more efficient (And good for |
2838 | will not be interrupted regularly, which is more efficient (and good for |
2281 | battery life on laptops). |
2839 | battery life on laptops). |
2282 | |
2840 | |
2283 | This affects not just the pure-perl event loop, but also other event loops |
2841 | This affects not just the pure-perl event loop, but also other event loops |
2284 | that have no signal handling on their own (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt). |
2842 | that have no signal handling on their own (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt). |
|
|
2843 | |
|
|
2844 | Some event loops (POE, Event, Event::Lib) offer signal watchers natively, |
|
|
2845 | and either employ their own workarounds (POE) or use AnyEvent's workaround |
|
|
2846 | (using C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>). Installing L<Async::Interrupt> |
|
|
2847 | does nothing for those backends. |
2285 | |
2848 | |
2286 | =item L<EV> |
2849 | =item L<EV> |
2287 | |
2850 | |
2288 | This module isn't really "optional", as it is simply one of the backend |
2851 | This module isn't really "optional", as it is simply one of the backend |
2289 | event loops that AnyEvent can use. However, it is simply the best event |
2852 | event loops that AnyEvent can use. However, it is simply the best event |
… | |
… | |
2292 | automatic timer adjustments even when no monotonic clock is available, |
2855 | automatic timer adjustments even when no monotonic clock is available, |
2293 | can take avdantage of advanced kernel interfaces such as C<epoll> and |
2856 | can take avdantage of advanced kernel interfaces such as C<epoll> and |
2294 | C<kqueue>, and is the fastest backend I<by far>. You can even embed |
2857 | C<kqueue>, and is the fastest backend I<by far>. You can even embed |
2295 | L<Glib>/L<Gtk2> in it (or vice versa, see L<EV::Glib> and L<Glib::EV>). |
2858 | L<Glib>/L<Gtk2> in it (or vice versa, see L<EV::Glib> and L<Glib::EV>). |
2296 | |
2859 | |
|
|
2860 | If you only use backends that rely on another event loop (e.g. C<Tk>), |
|
|
2861 | then this module will do nothing for you. |
|
|
2862 | |
2297 | =item L<Guard> |
2863 | =item L<Guard> |
2298 | |
2864 | |
2299 | The guard module, when used, will be used to implement |
2865 | The guard module, when used, will be used to implement |
2300 | C<AnyEvent::Util::guard>. This speeds up guards considerably (and uses a |
2866 | C<AnyEvent::Util::guard>. This speeds up guards considerably (and uses a |
2301 | lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is |
2867 | lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is |
2302 | purely used for performance. |
2868 | purely used for performance. |
2303 | |
2869 | |
2304 | =item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS> |
2870 | =item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS> |
2305 | |
2871 | |
2306 | This module is required when you want to read or write JSON data via |
2872 | One of these modules is required when you want to read or write JSON data |
2307 | L<AnyEvent::Handle>. It is also written in pure-perl, but can take |
2873 | via L<AnyEvent::Handle>. L<JSON> is also written in pure-perl, but can take |
2308 | advantage of the ulta-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed. |
2874 | advantage of the ultra-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed. |
2309 | |
|
|
2310 | In fact, L<AnyEvent::Handle> will use L<JSON::XS> by default if it is |
|
|
2311 | installed. |
|
|
2312 | |
2875 | |
2313 | =item L<Net::SSLeay> |
2876 | =item L<Net::SSLeay> |
2314 | |
2877 | |
2315 | Implementing TLS/SSL in Perl is certainly interesting, but not very |
2878 | Implementing TLS/SSL in Perl is certainly interesting, but not very |
2316 | worthwhile: If this module is installed, then L<AnyEvent::Handle> (with |
2879 | worthwhile: If this module is installed, then L<AnyEvent::Handle> (with |
2317 | the help of L<AnyEvent::TLS>), gains the ability to do TLS/SSL. |
2880 | the help of L<AnyEvent::TLS>), gains the ability to do TLS/SSL. |
2318 | |
2881 | |
2319 | =item L<Time::HiRes> |
2882 | =item L<Time::HiRes> |
2320 | |
2883 | |
2321 | This module is part of perl since release 5.008. It will be used when the |
2884 | This module is part of perl since release 5.008. It will be used when the |
2322 | chosen event library does not come with a timing source on it's own. The |
2885 | chosen event library does not come with a timing source of its own. The |
2323 | pure-perl event loop (L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) will additionally use it to |
2886 | pure-perl event loop (L<AnyEvent::Loop>) will additionally load it to |
2324 | try to use a monotonic clock for timing stability. |
2887 | try to use a monotonic clock for timing stability. |
2325 | |
2888 | |
2326 | =back |
2889 | =back |
2327 | |
2890 | |
2328 | |
2891 | |
2329 | =head1 FORK |
2892 | =head1 FORK |
2330 | |
2893 | |
2331 | Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are |
2894 | Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are |
2332 | because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll> |
2895 | because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll> calls |
2333 | calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware. |
2896 | - higher performance APIs such as BSD's kqueue or the dreaded Linux epoll |
|
|
2897 | are usually badly thought-out hacks that are incompatible with fork in |
|
|
2898 | one way or another. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware and ensures that you |
|
|
2899 | continue event-processing in both parent and child (or both, if you know |
|
|
2900 | what you are doing). |
|
|
2901 | |
|
|
2902 | This means that, in general, you cannot fork and do event processing in |
|
|
2903 | the child if the event library was initialised before the fork (which |
|
|
2904 | usually happens when the first AnyEvent watcher is created, or the library |
|
|
2905 | is loaded). |
2334 | |
2906 | |
2335 | If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first |
2907 | If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first |
2336 | watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child OR you must do |
2908 | watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child OR you must do |
2337 | something completely out of the scope of AnyEvent. |
2909 | something completely out of the scope of AnyEvent. |
|
|
2910 | |
|
|
2911 | The problem of doing event processing in the parent I<and> the child |
|
|
2912 | is much more complicated: even for backends that I<are> fork-aware or |
|
|
2913 | fork-safe, their behaviour is not usually what you want: fork clones all |
|
|
2914 | watchers, that means all timers, I/O watchers etc. are active in both |
|
|
2915 | parent and child, which is almost never what you want. USing C<exec> |
|
|
2916 | to start worker children from some kind of manage rprocess is usually |
|
|
2917 | preferred, because it is much easier and cleaner, at the expense of having |
|
|
2918 | to have another binary. |
2338 | |
2919 | |
2339 | |
2920 | |
2340 | =head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS |
2921 | =head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS |
2341 | |
2922 | |
2342 | AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via |
2923 | AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via |
… | |
… | |
2372 | pronounced). |
2953 | pronounced). |
2373 | |
2954 | |
2374 | |
2955 | |
2375 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
2956 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
2376 | |
2957 | |
2377 | Utility functions: L<AnyEvent::Util>. |
2958 | Tutorial/Introduction: L<AnyEvent::Intro>. |
2378 | |
2959 | |
2379 | Event modules: L<EV>, L<EV::Glib>, L<Glib::EV>, L<Event>, L<Glib::Event>, |
2960 | FAQ: L<AnyEvent::FAQ>. |
2380 | L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>. |
2961 | |
|
|
2962 | Utility functions: L<AnyEvent::Util> (misc. grab-bag), L<AnyEvent::Log> |
|
|
2963 | (simply logging). |
|
|
2964 | |
|
|
2965 | Development/Debugging: L<AnyEvent::Strict> (stricter checking), |
|
|
2966 | L<AnyEvent::Debug> (interactive shell, watcher tracing). |
|
|
2967 | |
|
|
2968 | Supported event modules: L<AnyEvent::Loop>, L<EV>, L<EV::Glib>, |
|
|
2969 | L<Glib::EV>, L<Event>, L<Glib::Event>, L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, |
|
|
2970 | L<Qt>, L<POE>, L<FLTK>. |
2381 | |
2971 | |
2382 | Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>, |
2972 | Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>, |
2383 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>, |
2973 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>, |
2384 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>, |
2974 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>, |
2385 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>. |
2975 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>, L<Anyevent::Impl::Irssi>, |
|
|
2976 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::FLTK>. |
2386 | |
2977 | |
2387 | Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and |
2978 | Non-blocking handles, pipes, stream sockets, TCP clients and |
2388 | servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>. |
2979 | servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>. |
2389 | |
2980 | |
2390 | Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>. |
2981 | Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>. |
2391 | |
2982 | |
2392 | Coroutine support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>, |
2983 | Thread support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>, L<Coro::Event>. |
2393 | L<Coro::Event>, |
|
|
2394 | |
2984 | |
2395 | Nontrivial usage examples: L<AnyEvent::GPSD>, L<AnyEvent::XMPP>, |
2985 | Nontrivial usage examples: L<AnyEvent::GPSD>, L<AnyEvent::IRC>, |
2396 | L<AnyEvent::HTTP>. |
2986 | L<AnyEvent::HTTP>. |
2397 | |
2987 | |
2398 | |
2988 | |
2399 | =head1 AUTHOR |
2989 | =head1 AUTHOR |
2400 | |
2990 | |