[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm

Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.253 by root, Tue Jul 21 06:00:47 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.311 by root, Wed Feb 10 13:33:44 2010 UTC

…		…
1	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
2		2
3	AnyEvent - events independent of event loop implementation	3	AnyEvent - the DBI of event loop programming
4		4
5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt and POE are various supported	5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Irssi, rxvt-unicode, IO::Async, Qt
6	event loops.	6	and POE are various supported event loops/environments.
7		7
8	=head1 SYNOPSIS	8	=head1 SYNOPSIS
9		9
10	use AnyEvent;	10	use AnyEvent;
11		11
47		47
48	There is a mailinglist for discussing all things AnyEvent, and an IRC	48	There is a mailinglist for discussing all things AnyEvent, and an IRC
49	channel, too.	49	channel, too.
50		50
51	See the AnyEvent project page at the B<Schmorpforge Ta-Sa Software	51	See the AnyEvent project page at the B<Schmorpforge Ta-Sa Software
52	Respository>, at L<http://anyevent.schmorp.de>, for more info.	52	Repository>, at L<http://anyevent.schmorp.de>, for more info.
53		53
54	=head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT)	54	=head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT)
55		55
56	Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen	56	Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen
57	nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent?	57	nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent?
…		…
181	my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are	181	my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are
182	declared.	182	declared.
183		183
184	=head2 I/O WATCHERS	184	=head2 I/O WATCHERS
185		185
		186	$w = AnyEvent->io (
		187	fh => <filehandle_or_fileno>,
		188	poll => <"r" or "w">,
		189	cb => <callback>,
		190	);
		191
186	You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method	192	You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method
187	with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:	193	with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:
188		194
189	C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch	195	C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch
190	for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file	196	for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file
…		…
219	undef $w;	225	undef $w;
220	});	226	});
221		227
222	=head2 TIME WATCHERS	228	=head2 TIME WATCHERS
223		229
		230	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => <seconds>, cb => <callback>);
		231
		232	$w = AnyEvent->timer (
		233	after => <fractional_seconds>,
		234	interval => <fractional_seconds>,
		235	cb => <callback>,
		236	);
		237
224	You can create a time watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->timer >>	238	You can create a time watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->timer >>
225	method with the following mandatory arguments:	239	method with the following mandatory arguments:
226		240
227	C<after> specifies after how many seconds (fractional values are	241	C<after> specifies after how many seconds (fractional values are
228	supported) the callback should be invoked. C<cb> is the callback to invoke	242	supported) the callback should be invoked. C<cb> is the callback to invoke
…		…
349	might affect timers and time-outs.	363	might affect timers and time-outs.
350		364
351	When this is the case, you can call this method, which will update the	365	When this is the case, you can call this method, which will update the
352	event loop's idea of "current time".	366	event loop's idea of "current time".
353		367
		368	A typical example would be a script in a web server (e.g. C<mod_perl>) -
		369	when mod_perl executes the script, then the event loop will have the wrong
		370	idea about the "current time" (being potentially far in the past, when the
		371	script ran the last time). In that case you should arrange a call to C<<
		372	AnyEvent->now_update >> each time the web server process wakes up again
		373	(e.g. at the start of your script, or in a handler).
		374
354	Note that updating the time I<might> cause some events to be handled.	375	Note that updating the time I<might> cause some events to be handled.
355		376
356	=back	377	=back
357		378
358	=head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS	379	=head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS
		380
		381	$w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => <uppercase_signal_name>, cb => <callback>);
359		382
360	You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal	383	You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal
361	I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl	384	I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl
362	callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs.	385	callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs.
363		386
…		…
380		403
381	Example: exit on SIGINT	404	Example: exit on SIGINT
382		405
383	my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 });	406	my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 });
384		407
		408	=head3 Restart Behaviour
		409
		410	While restart behaviour is up to the event loop implementation, most will
		411	not restart syscalls (that includes L<Async::Interrupt> and AnyEvent's
		412	pure perl implementation).
		413
		414	=head3 Safe/Unsafe Signals
		415
		416	Perl signals can be either "safe" (synchronous to opcode handling) or
		417	"unsafe" (asynchronous) - the former might get delayed indefinitely, the
		418	latter might corrupt your memory.
		419
		420	AnyEvent signal handlers are, in addition, synchronous to the event loop,
		421	i.e. they will not interrupt your running perl program but will only be
		422	called as part of the normal event handling (just like timer, I/O etc.
		423	callbacks, too).
		424
385	=head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds	425	=head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds
386		426
387	Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support attaching	427	Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support attaching
388	callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot do	428	callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot
389	race-free signal handling in perl. AnyEvent will try to do it's best, but	429	do race-free signal handling in perl, requiring C libraries for
		430	this. AnyEvent will try to do it's best, which means in some cases,
390	in some cases, signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might	431	signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might be delayed is
391	be delayed is specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10	432	specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10 seconds). This
392	seconds). This variable can be changed only before the first signal	433	variable can be changed only before the first signal watcher is created,
393	watcher is created, and should be left alone otherwise. Higher values	434	and should be left alone otherwise. This variable determines how often
		435	AnyEvent polls for signals (in case a wake-up was missed). Higher values
394	will cause fewer spurious wake-ups, which is better for power and CPU	436	will cause fewer spurious wake-ups, which is better for power and CPU
		437	saving.
		438
395	saving. All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional	439	All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional
396	L<Async::Interrupt> module. This will not work with inherently broken	440	L<Async::Interrupt> module, which works with most event loops. It will not
397	event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib> (and not with L<POE>	441	work with inherently broken event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib>
398	currently, as POE does it's own workaround with one-second latency). With	442	(and not with L<POE> currently, as POE does it's own workaround with
399	those, you just have to suffer the delays.	443	one-second latency). For those, you just have to suffer the delays.
400		444
401	=head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS	445	=head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS
402		446
		447	$w = AnyEvent->child (pid => <process id>, cb => <callback>);
		448
403	You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status.	449	You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status.
404		450
405	The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (if set to C<0>, it	451	The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (one some backends,
406	watches for any child process exit). The watcher will triggered only when	452	using C<0> watches for any child process exit, on others this will
407	the child process has finished and an exit status is available, not on	453	croak). The watcher will be triggered only when the child process has
408	any trace events (stopped/continued).	454	finished and an exit status is available, not on any trace events
		455	(stopped/continued).
409		456
410	The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by	457	The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by
411	waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher	458	waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher
412	callback arguments.	459	callback arguments.
413		460
…		…
454	# do something else, then wait for process exit	501	# do something else, then wait for process exit
455	$done->recv;	502	$done->recv;
456		503
457	=head2 IDLE WATCHERS	504	=head2 IDLE WATCHERS
458		505
459	Sometimes there is a need to do something, but it is not so important	506	$w = AnyEvent->idle (cb => <callback>);
460	to do it instantly, but only when there is nothing better to do. This
461	"nothing better to do" is usually defined to be "no other events need
462	attention by the event loop".
463		507
464	Idle watchers ideally get invoked when the event loop has nothing	508	Repeatedly invoke the callback after the process becomes idle, until
465	better to do, just before it would block the process to wait for new	509	either the watcher is destroyed or new events have been detected.
466	events. Instead of blocking, the idle watcher is invoked.
467		510
468	Most event loops unfortunately do not really support idle watchers (only	511	Idle watchers are useful when there is a need to do something, but it
		512	is not so important (or wise) to do it instantly. The callback will be
		513	invoked only when there is "nothing better to do", which is usually
		514	defined as "all outstanding events have been handled and no new events
		515	have been detected". That means that idle watchers ideally get invoked
		516	when the event loop has just polled for new events but none have been
		517	detected. Instead of blocking to wait for more events, the idle watchers
		518	will be invoked.
		519
		520	Unfortunately, most event loops do not really support idle watchers (only
469	EV, Event and Glib do it in a usable fashion) - for the rest, AnyEvent	521	EV, Event and Glib do it in a usable fashion) - for the rest, AnyEvent
470	will simply call the callback "from time to time".	522	will simply call the callback "from time to time".
471		523
472	Example: read lines from STDIN, but only process them when the	524	Example: read lines from STDIN, but only process them when the
473	program is otherwise idle:	525	program is otherwise idle:
…		…
489	});	541	});
490	});	542	});
491		543
492	=head2 CONDITION VARIABLES	544	=head2 CONDITION VARIABLES
493		545
		546	$cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
		547
		548	$cv->send (<list>);
		549	my @res = $cv->recv;
		550
494	If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them	551	If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them
495	require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that	552	require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that
496	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.	553	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.
497		554
498	AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event	555	AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event
…		…
562	after => 1,	619	after => 1,
563	cb => sub { $result_ready->send },	620	cb => sub { $result_ready->send },
564	);	621	);
565		622
566	# this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback	623	# this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback
567	# calls -<send	624	# calls ->send
568	$result_ready->recv;	625	$result_ready->recv;
569		626
570	Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition	627	Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition
571	variables are also callable directly.	628	variables are also callable directly.
572		629
…		…
636	one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want	693	one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want
637	to use a condition variable for the whole process.	694	to use a condition variable for the whole process.
638		695
639	Every call to C<< ->begin >> will increment a counter, and every call to	696	Every call to C<< ->begin >> will increment a counter, and every call to
640	C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end	697	C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end
641	>>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback	698	>>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed, passing the
642	is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no	699	condvar as first argument. That callback is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send
643	callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments.	700	>>, but that is not required. If no group callback was set, C<send> will
		701	be called without any arguments.
644		702
645	You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call	703	You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call
646	sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND	704	sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND
647	condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends).	705	condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends).
648		706
…		…
675	begung can potentially be zero:	733	begung can potentially be zero:
676		734
677	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	735	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
678		736
679	my %result;	737	my %result;
680	$cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) });	738	$cv->begin (sub { shift->send (\%result) });
681		739
682	for my $host (@list_of_hosts) {	740	for my $host (@list_of_hosts) {
683	$cv->begin;	741	$cv->begin;
684	ping_host_then_call_callback $host, sub {	742	ping_host_then_call_callback $host, sub {
685	$result{$host} = ...;	743	$result{$host} = ...;
…		…
760	=item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv))	818	=item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv))
761		819
762	This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally	820	This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally
763	replaces it before doing so.	821	replaces it before doing so.
764		822
765	The callback will be called when the condition becomes "true", i.e. when	823	The callback will be called when the condition becomes (or already was)
766	C<send> or C<croak> are called, with the only argument being the condition	824	"true", i.e. when C<send> or C<croak> are called (or were called), with
767	variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time	825	the only argument being the condition variable itself. Calling C<recv>
768	is guaranteed not to block.	826	inside the callback or at any later time is guaranteed not to block.
769		827
770	=back	828	=back
771		829
772	=head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS	830	=head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS
773		831
…		…
776	=over 4	834	=over 4
777		835
778	=item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found.	836	=item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found.
779		837
780	EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in	838	EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in
781	use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will try Event, and, failing	839	use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will fall back to its own
782	that, will fall back to its own pure-perl implementation, which is	840	pure-perl implementation, which is available everywhere as it comes with
783	available everywhere as it comes with AnyEvent itself.	841	AnyEvent itself.
784		842
785	AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice).	843	AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice).
786	AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches.
787	AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable.	844	AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable.
788		845
789	=item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used.	846	=item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used.
790		847
791	These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher	848	These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher
792	is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using	849	is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using
793	them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend	850	them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend
794	when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to	851	when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to
795	create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program.	852	create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program.
796		853
		854	AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches.
797	AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable.	855	AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable.
798	AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken.	856	AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken.
799	AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.	857	AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.
800	AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations.	858	AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations.
		859	AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi used when running within irssi.
801		860
802	=item Backends with special needs.	861	=item Backends with special needs.
803		862
804	Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will	863	Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will
805	otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program	864	otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program
…		…
910	You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though:	969	You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though:
911	if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the	970	if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the
912	array will be ignored.	971	array will be ignored.
913		972
914	Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> when your application allows	973	Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> when your application allows
915	it,as it takes care of these details.	974	it, as it takes care of these details.
916		975
917	This variable is mainly useful for modules that can do something useful	976	This variable is mainly useful for modules that can do something useful
918	when AnyEvent is used and thus want to know when it is initialised, but do	977	when AnyEvent is used and thus want to know when it is initialised, but do
919	not need to even load it by default. This array provides the means to hook	978	not need to even load it by default. This array provides the means to hook
920	into AnyEvent passively, without loading it.	979	into AnyEvent passively, without loading it.
		980
		981	Example: To load Coro::AnyEvent whenever Coro and AnyEvent are used
		982	together, you could put this into Coro (this is the actual code used by
		983	Coro to accomplish this):
		984
		985	if (defined $AnyEvent::MODEL) {
		986	# AnyEvent already initialised, so load Coro::AnyEvent
		987	require Coro::AnyEvent;
		988	} else {
		989	# AnyEvent not yet initialised, so make sure to load Coro::AnyEvent
		990	# as soon as it is
		991	push @AnyEvent::post_detect, sub { require Coro::AnyEvent };
		992	}
921		993
922	=back	994	=back
923		995
924	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE	996	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE
925		997
…		…
1074		1146
1075	package AnyEvent;	1147	package AnyEvent;
1076		1148
1077	# basically a tuned-down version of common::sense	1149	# basically a tuned-down version of common::sense
1078	sub common_sense {	1150	sub common_sense {
1079	# no warnings	1151	# from common:.sense 1.0
1080	${^WARNING_BITS} ^= ${^WARNING_BITS};	1152	${^WARNING_BITS} = "\xfc\x3f\x33\x00\x0f\xf3\xcf\xc0\xf3\xfc\x33\x00";
1081	# use strict vars subs	1153	# use strict vars subs - NO UTF-8, as Util.pm doesn't like this atm. (uts46data.pl)
1082	$^H \|= 0x00000600;	1154	$^H \|= 0x00000600;
1083	}	1155	}
1084		1156
1085	BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }	1157	BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
1086		1158
1087	use Carp ();	1159	use Carp ();
1088		1160
1089	our $VERSION = 4.86;	1161	our $VERSION = '5.24';
1090	our $MODEL;	1162	our $MODEL;
1091		1163
1092	our $AUTOLOAD;	1164	our $AUTOLOAD;
1093	our @ISA;	1165	our @ISA;
1094		1166
1095	our @REGISTRY;	1167	our @REGISTRY;
1096		1168
1097	our $WIN32;
1098
1099	our $VERBOSE;	1169	our $VERBOSE;
1100		1170
1101	BEGIN {	1171	BEGIN {
		1172	eval "sub CYGWIN(){" . (($^O =~ /cygwin/i) *1) . "}";
1102	eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }";	1173	eval "sub WIN32 (){" . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) . "}";
1103	eval "sub TAINT(){ " . (${^TAINT}*1) . " }";	1174	eval "sub TAINT (){" . (${^TAINT} *1) . "}";
1104		1175
1105	delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV}	1176	delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV}
1106	if ${^TAINT};	1177	if ${^TAINT};
1107		1178
1108	$VERBOSE = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1;	1179	$VERBOSE = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1;
…		…
1119	for reverse split /\s,\s/,	1190	for reverse split /\s,\s/,
1120	$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} \|\| "ipv4,ipv6";	1191	$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} \|\| "ipv4,ipv6";
1121	}	1192	}
1122		1193
1123	my @models = (	1194	my @models = (
1124	[EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV::],	1195	[EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV:: , 1],
1125	[Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::],
1126	[AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::],	1196	[AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: , 1],
1127	# everything below here will not be autoprobed	1197	# everything below here will not (normally) be autoprobed
1128	# as the pureperl backend should work everywhere	1198	# as the pureperl backend should work everywhere
1129	# and is usually faster	1199	# and is usually faster
		1200	[Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::, 1],
1130	[Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers	1201	[Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib:: , 1], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers
1131	[Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy	1202	[Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy
		1203	[Irssi:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi::], # Irssi has a bogus "Event" package
1132	[Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles	1204	[Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles
1133	[Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program	1205	[Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program
1134	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza	1206	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza
1135	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],	1207	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
1136	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],	1208	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
1137	# IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its	1209	# IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its
1138	# byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others.	1210	# byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others.
1139	# IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any	1211	# IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any
1140	# obvious default class.	1212	# obvious default class.
1141	# [IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1213	[IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1142	# [IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1214	[IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1143	# [IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1215	[IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
		1216	[AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1144	);	1217	);
1145		1218
1146	our %method = map +($_ => 1),	1219	our %method = map +($_ => 1),
1147	qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY);	1220	qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY);
1148		1221
…		…
1194	}	1267	}
1195	}	1268	}
1196	}	1269	}
1197		1270
1198	unless ($MODEL) {	1271	unless ($MODEL) {
1199	# try to load a model	1272	# try to autoload a model
1200
1201	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {	1273	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1202	my ($package, $model) = @$_;	1274	my ($package, $model, $autoload) = @$_;
		1275	if (
		1276	$autoload
1203	if (eval "require $package"	1277	and eval "require $package"
1204	and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0	1278	and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0
1205	and eval "require $model") {	1279	and eval "require $model"
		1280	) {
1206	$MODEL = $model;	1281	$MODEL = $model;
1207	warn "AnyEvent: autoprobed model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;	1282	warn "AnyEvent: autoloaded model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1208	last;	1283	last;
1209	}	1284	}
1210	}	1285	}
1211		1286
1212	$MODEL	1287	$MODEL
…		…
1253	# we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases	1328	# we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases
1254		1329
1255	($fh2, $rw)	1330	($fh2, $rw)
1256	}	1331	}
1257		1332
		1333	=head1 SIMPLIFIED AE API
		1334
		1335	Starting with version 5.0, AnyEvent officially supports a second, much
		1336	simpler, API that is designed to reduce the calling, typing and memory
		1337	overhead.
		1338
		1339	See the L<AE> manpage for details.
		1340
		1341	=cut
		1342
		1343	package AE;
		1344
		1345	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
		1346
		1347	sub io($$$) {
		1348	AnyEvent->io (fh => $_[0], poll => $_[1] ? "w" : "r", cb => $_[2])
		1349	}
		1350
		1351	sub timer($$$) {
		1352	AnyEvent->timer (after => $_[0], interval => $_[1], cb => $_[2])
		1353	}
		1354
		1355	sub signal($$) {
		1356	AnyEvent->signal (signal => $_[0], cb => $_[1])
		1357	}
		1358
		1359	sub child($$) {
		1360	AnyEvent->child (pid => $_[0], cb => $_[1])
		1361	}
		1362
		1363	sub idle($) {
		1364	AnyEvent->idle (cb => $_[0])
		1365	}
		1366
		1367	sub cv(;&) {
		1368	AnyEvent->condvar (@_ ? (cb => $_[0]) : ())
		1369	}
		1370
		1371	sub now() {
		1372	AnyEvent->now
		1373	}
		1374
		1375	sub now_update() {
		1376	AnyEvent->now_update
		1377	}
		1378
		1379	sub time() {
		1380	AnyEvent->time
		1381	}
		1382
1258	package AnyEvent::Base;	1383	package AnyEvent::Base;
1259		1384
1260	# default implementations for many methods	1385	# default implementations for many methods
1261		1386
1262	sub _time {	1387	sub _time() {
1263	# probe for availability of Time::HiRes	1388	# probe for availability of Time::HiRes
1264	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {	1389	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {
1265	warn "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;	1390	warn "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1266	*_time = \&Time::HiRes::time;	1391	*_time = \&Time::HiRes::time;
1267	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...	1392	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...
1268	} else {	1393	} else {
1269	warn "AnyEvent: using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!\n" if $VERBOSE;	1394	warn "AnyEvent: using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!\n" if $VERBOSE;
1270	*_time = sub { time }; # epic fail	1395	*_time = sub (){ time }; # epic fail
1271	}	1396	}
1272		1397
1273	&_time	1398	&_time
1274	}	1399	}
1275		1400
…		…
1284	}	1409	}
1285		1410
1286	# default implementation for ->signal	1411	# default implementation for ->signal
1287		1412
1288	our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;	1413	our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;
		1414
		1415	sub _have_async_interrupt() {
		1416	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT = 1*(!$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT}
		1417	&& eval "use Async::Interrupt 1.02 (); 1")
		1418	unless defined $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;
		1419
		1420	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1421	}
		1422
1289	our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO);	1423	our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO);
1290	our (%SIG_ASY, %SIG_ASY_W);	1424	our (%SIG_ASY, %SIG_ASY_W);
1291	our ($SIG_COUNT, $SIG_TW);	1425	our ($SIG_COUNT, $SIG_TW);
1292		1426
1293	sub _signal_exec {	1427	sub _signal_exec {
1294	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT	1428	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
1295	? $SIGPIPE_R->drain	1429	? $SIGPIPE_R->drain
1296	: sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 9;	1430	: sysread $SIGPIPE_R, (my $dummy), 9;
1297		1431
1298	while (%SIG_EV) {	1432	while (%SIG_EV) {
1299	for (keys %SIG_EV) {	1433	for (keys %SIG_EV) {
1300	delete $SIG_EV{$_};	1434	delete $SIG_EV{$_};
1301	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} \|\| {} };	1435	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} \|\| {} };
1302	}	1436	}
1303	}	1437	}
1304	}	1438	}
1305		1439
1306	# install a dumym wakeupw atcher to reduce signal catching latency	1440	# install a dummy wakeup watcher to reduce signal catching latency
1307	sub _sig_add() {	1441	sub _sig_add() {
1308	unless ($SIG_COUNT++) {	1442	unless ($SIG_COUNT++) {
1309	# try to align timer on a full-second boundary, if possible	1443	# try to align timer on a full-second boundary, if possible
1310	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;	1444	my $NOW = AE::now;
1311		1445
1312	$SIG_TW = AnyEvent->timer (	1446	$SIG_TW = AE::timer
1313	after => $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY - ($NOW - int $NOW),	1447	$MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY - ($NOW - int $NOW),
1314	interval => $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY,	1448	$MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY,
1315	cb => sub { }, # just for the PERL_ASYNC_CHECK	1449	sub { } # just for the PERL_ASYNC_CHECK
1316	);	1450	;
1317	}	1451	}
1318	}	1452	}
1319		1453
1320	sub _sig_del {	1454	sub _sig_del {
1321	undef $SIG_TW	1455	undef $SIG_TW
1322	unless --$SIG_COUNT;	1456	unless --$SIG_COUNT;
1323	}	1457	}
1324		1458
		1459	our $_sig_name_init; $_sig_name_init = sub {
		1460	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading
		1461	undef $_sig_name_init;
		1462
		1463	if (_have_async_interrupt) {
		1464	*sig2num = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2num;
		1465	*sig2name = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2name;
		1466	} else {
		1467	require Config;
		1468
		1469	my %signame2num;
		1470	@signame2num{ split ' ', $Config::Config{sig_name} }
		1471	= split ' ', $Config::Config{sig_num};
		1472
		1473	my @signum2name;
		1474	@signum2name[values %signame2num] = keys %signame2num;
		1475
		1476	*sig2num = sub($) {
		1477	$_[0] > 0 ? shift : $signame2num{+shift}
		1478	};
		1479	*sig2name = sub ($) {
		1480	$_[0] > 0 ? $signum2name[+shift] : shift
		1481	};
		1482	}
		1483	};
		1484	die if $@;
		1485	};
		1486
		1487	sub sig2num ($) { &$_sig_name_init; &sig2num }
		1488	sub sig2name($) { &$_sig_name_init; &sig2name }
		1489
1325	sub _signal {	1490	sub signal {
		1491	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
		1492	# probe for availability of Async::Interrupt
		1493	if (_have_async_interrupt) {
		1494	warn "AnyEvent: using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
		1495
		1496	$SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe;
		1497	$SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, 0, \&_signal_exec;
		1498
		1499	} else {
		1500	warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
		1501
		1502	require Fcntl;
		1503
		1504	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {
		1505	require AnyEvent::Util;
		1506
		1507	($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe ();
		1508	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R, 1) if $SIGPIPE_R;
		1509	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W, 1) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
		1510	} else {
		1511	pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W;
		1512	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R;
		1513	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
		1514
		1515	# not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure...
		1516	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
		1517	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
		1518	}
		1519
		1520	$SIGPIPE_R
		1521	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";
		1522
		1523	$SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R, 0, \&_signal_exec;
		1524	}
		1525
		1526	*signal = sub {
1326	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1527	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
1327		1528
1328	my $signal = uc $arg{signal}	1529	my $signal = uc $arg{signal}
1329	or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing";	1530	or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing";
1330		1531
1331	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
1332
1333	if ($HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT) {	1532	if ($HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT) {
1334	# async::interrupt	1533	# async::interrupt
1335		1534
1336	$SIG_ASY{$signal} \|\|= do {	1535	$signal = sig2num $signal;
1337	my $asy = new Async::Interrupt	1536	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
		1537
		1538	$SIG_ASY{$signal} \|\|= new Async::Interrupt
1338	cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} },	1539	cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} },
1339	signal => $signal,	1540	signal => $signal,
1340	pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos],	1541	pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos],
		1542	pipe_autodrain => 0,
		1543	;
		1544
		1545	} else {
		1546	# pure perl
		1547
		1548	# AE::Util has been loaded in signal
		1549	$signal = sig2name $signal;
		1550	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
		1551
		1552	$SIG{$signal} \|\|= sub {
		1553	local $!;
		1554	syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV;
		1555	undef $SIG_EV{$signal};
		1556	};
		1557
		1558	# can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl,
		1559	# so limit the signal latency.
		1560	_sig_add;
1341	;	1561	}
1342	$asy->pipe_autodrain (0);
1343		1562
1344	$asy	1563	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"
1345	};	1564	};
1346		1565
1347	} else {	1566	*AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY = sub {
1348	# pure perl	1567	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
1349		1568
1350	$SIG{$signal} \|\|= sub {	1569	_sig_del;
1351	local $!;	1570
1352	syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV;	1571	delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};
		1572
		1573	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1574	? delete $SIG_ASY{$signal}
		1575	: # delete doesn't work with older perls - they then
		1576	# print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit
		1577	# instead of getting the default action.
1353	undef $SIG_EV{$signal};	1578	undef $SIG{$signal}
		1579	unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };
1354	};	1580	};
1355
1356	# can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl,
1357	# so limit the signal latency.
1358	_sig_add;
1359	}	1581	};
1360		1582	die if $@;
1361	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"
1362	}
1363
1364	sub signal {
1365	# probe for availability of Async::Interrupt
1366	if (!$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT} && eval "use Async::Interrupt 0.6 (); 1") {
1367	warn "AnyEvent: using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1368
1369	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT = 1;
1370	$SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe;
1371	$SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec);
1372
1373	} else {
1374	warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1375
1376	require Fcntl;
1377
1378	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {
1379	require AnyEvent::Util;
1380
1381	($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe ();
1382	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R) if $SIGPIPE_R;
1383	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
1384	} else {
1385	pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W;
1386	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R;
1387	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
1388
1389	# not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure...
1390	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
1391	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
1392	}
1393
1394	$SIGPIPE_R
1395	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";
1396
1397	$SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec);
1398	}
1399
1400	*signal = \&_signal;
1401	&signal	1583	&signal
1402	}
1403
1404	sub AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY {
1405	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
1406
1407	_sig_del;
1408
1409	delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};
1410
1411	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
1412	? delete $SIG_ASY{$signal}
1413	: # delete doesn't work with older perls - they then
1414	# print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit
1415	# instead of getting the default action.
1416	undef $SIG{$signal}
1417	unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };
1418	}	1584	}
1419		1585
1420	# default implementation for ->child	1586	# default implementation for ->child
1421		1587
1422	our %PID_CB;	1588	our %PID_CB;
1423	our $CHLD_W;	1589	our $CHLD_W;
1424	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;	1590	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;
1425	our $WNOHANG;	1591	our $WNOHANG;
1426		1592
		1593	sub _emit_childstatus($$) {
		1594	my (undef, $rpid, $rstatus) = @_;
		1595
		1596	$_->($rpid, $rstatus)
		1597	for values %{ $PID_CB{$rpid} \|\| {} },
		1598	values %{ $PID_CB{0} \|\| {} };
		1599	}
		1600
1427	sub _sigchld {	1601	sub _sigchld {
		1602	my $pid;
		1603
		1604	AnyEvent->_emit_childstatus ($pid, $?)
1428	while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) {	1605	while ($pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG) > 0;
1429	$_->($pid, $?)
1430	for values %{ $PID_CB{$pid} \|\| {} },
1431	values %{ $PID_CB{0} \|\| {} };
1432	}
1433	}	1606	}
1434		1607
1435	sub child {	1608	sub child {
1436	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1609	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
1437		1610
…		…
1444	$WNOHANG \|\|= $^O =~ /^(?:openbsd\|netbsd\|linux\|freebsd\|cygwin\|MSWin32)$/	1617	$WNOHANG \|\|= $^O =~ /^(?:openbsd\|netbsd\|linux\|freebsd\|cygwin\|MSWin32)$/
1445	? 1	1618	? 1
1446	: eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } \|\| 1;	1619	: eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } \|\| 1;
1447		1620
1448	unless ($CHLD_W) {	1621	unless ($CHLD_W) {
1449	$CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld);	1622	$CHLD_W = AE::signal CHLD => \&_sigchld;
1450	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round	1623	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round
1451	&_sigchld;	1624	&_sigchld;
1452	}	1625	}
1453		1626
1454	bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child"	1627	bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child"
…		…
1480	# never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher,	1653	# never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher,
1481	# within some limits	1654	# within some limits
1482	$w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001;	1655	$w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001;
1483	$w = 5 if $w > 5;	1656	$w = 5 if $w > 5;
1484		1657
1485	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $w, cb => $rcb);	1658	$w = AE::timer $w, 0, $rcb;
1486	} else {	1659	} else {
1487	# clean up...	1660	# clean up...
1488	undef $w;	1661	undef $w;
1489	undef $rcb;	1662	undef $rcb;
1490	}	1663	}
1491	};	1664	};
1492		1665
1493	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 0.05, cb => $rcb);	1666	$w = AE::timer 0.05, 0, $rcb;
1494		1667
1495	bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle"	1668	bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle"
1496	}	1669	}
1497		1670
1498	sub AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY {	1671	sub AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY {
…		…
1552	Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak} if $_[0]{_ae_croak};	1725	Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak} if $_[0]{_ae_croak};
1553	wantarray ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0]	1726	wantarray ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0]
1554	}	1727	}
1555		1728
1556	sub cb {	1729	sub cb {
1557	$_[0]{_ae_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;	1730	my $cv = shift;
		1731
		1732	@_
		1733	and $cv->{_ae_cb} = shift
		1734	and $cv->{_ae_sent}
		1735	and (delete $cv->{_ae_cb})->($cv);
		1736
1558	$_[0]{_ae_cb}	1737	$cv->{_ae_cb}
1559	}	1738	}
1560		1739
1561	sub begin {	1740	sub begin {
1562	++$_[0]{_ae_counter};	1741	++$_[0]{_ae_counter};
1563	$_[0]{_ae_end_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;	1742	$_[0]{_ae_end_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;
…		…
1772	warn "read: $input\n"; # output what has been read	1951	warn "read: $input\n"; # output what has been read
1773	$cv->send if $input =~ /^q/i; # quit program if /^q/i	1952	$cv->send if $input =~ /^q/i; # quit program if /^q/i
1774	},	1953	},
1775	);	1954	);
1776		1955
1777	my $time_watcher; # can only be used once
1778
1779	sub new_timer {
1780	$timer = AnyEvent->timer (after => 1, cb => sub {	1956	my $time_watcher = AnyEvent->timer (after => 1, interval => 1, cb => sub {
1781	warn "timeout\n"; # print 'timeout' about every second	1957	warn "timeout\n"; # print 'timeout' at most every second
1782	&new_timer; # and restart the time
1783	});	1958	});
1784	}
1785
1786	new_timer; # create first timer
1787		1959
1788	$cv->recv; # wait until user enters /^q/i	1960	$cv->recv; # wait until user enters /^q/i
1789		1961
1790	=head1 REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE	1962	=head1 REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE
1791		1963
…		…
1922	through AnyEvent. The benchmark creates a lot of timers (with a zero	2094	through AnyEvent. The benchmark creates a lot of timers (with a zero
1923	timeout) and I/O watchers (watching STDOUT, a pty, to become writable,	2095	timeout) and I/O watchers (watching STDOUT, a pty, to become writable,
1924	which it is), lets them fire exactly once and destroys them again.	2096	which it is), lets them fire exactly once and destroys them again.
1925		2097
1926	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench> in the AnyEvent	2098	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench> in the AnyEvent
1927	distribution.	2099	distribution. It uses the L<AE> interface, which makes a real difference
		2100	for the EV and Perl backends only.
1928		2101
1929	=head3 Explanation of the columns	2102	=head3 Explanation of the columns
1930		2103
1931	I<watcher> is the number of event watchers created/destroyed. Since	2104	I<watcher> is the number of event watchers created/destroyed. Since
1932	different event models feature vastly different performances, each event	2105	different event models feature vastly different performances, each event
…		…
1953	watcher.	2126	watcher.
1954		2127
1955	=head3 Results	2128	=head3 Results
1956		2129
1957	name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment	2130	name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment
1958	EV/EV 400000 224 0.47 0.35 0.27 EV native interface	2131	EV/EV 100000 223 0.47 0.43 0.27 EV native interface
1959	EV/Any 100000 224 2.88 0.34 0.27 EV + AnyEvent watchers	2132	EV/Any 100000 223 0.48 0.42 0.26 EV + AnyEvent watchers
1960	CoroEV/Any 100000 224 2.85 0.35 0.28 coroutines + Coro::Signal	2133	Coro::EV/Any 100000 223 0.47 0.42 0.26 coroutines + Coro::Signal
1961	Perl/Any 100000 452 4.13 0.73 0.95 pure perl implementation	2134	Perl/Any 100000 431 2.70 0.74 0.92 pure perl implementation
1962	Event/Event 16000 517 32.20 31.80 0.81 Event native interface	2135	Event/Event 16000 516 31.16 31.84 0.82 Event native interface
1963	Event/Any 16000 590 35.85 31.55 1.06 Event + AnyEvent watchers	2136	Event/Any 16000 1203 42.61 34.79 1.80 Event + AnyEvent watchers
1964	IOAsync/Any 16000 989 38.10 32.77 11.13 via IO::Async::Loop::IO_Poll	2137	IOAsync/Any 16000 1911 41.92 27.45 16.81 via IO::Async::Loop::IO_Poll
1965	IOAsync/Any 16000 990 37.59 29.50 10.61 via IO::Async::Loop::Epoll	2138	IOAsync/Any 16000 1726 40.69 26.37 15.25 via IO::Async::Loop::Epoll
1966	Glib/Any 16000 1357 102.33 12.31 51.00 quadratic behaviour	2139	Glib/Any 16000 1118 89.00 12.57 51.17 quadratic behaviour
1967	Tk/Any 2000 1860 27.20 66.31 14.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers	2140	Tk/Any 2000 1346 20.96 10.75 8.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers
1968	POE/Event 2000 6328 109.99 751.67 14.02 via POE::Loop::Event	2141	POE/Any 2000 6951 108.97 795.32 14.24 via POE::Loop::Event
1969	POE/Select 2000 6027 94.54 809.13 579.80 via POE::Loop::Select	2142	POE/Any 2000 6648 94.79 774.40 575.51 via POE::Loop::Select
1970		2143
1971	=head3 Discussion	2144	=head3 Discussion
1972		2145
1973	The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very	2146	The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very
1974	well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one)	2147	well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one)
…		…
1986	benchmark machine, handling an event takes roughly 1600 CPU cycles with	2159	benchmark machine, handling an event takes roughly 1600 CPU cycles with
1987	EV, 3100 CPU cycles with AnyEvent's pure perl loop and almost 3000000 CPU	2160	EV, 3100 CPU cycles with AnyEvent's pure perl loop and almost 3000000 CPU
1988	cycles with POE.	2161	cycles with POE.
1989		2162
1990	C<EV> is the sole leader regarding speed and memory use, which are both	2163	C<EV> is the sole leader regarding speed and memory use, which are both
1991	maximal/minimal, respectively. Even when going through AnyEvent, it uses	2164	maximal/minimal, respectively. When using the L<AE> API there is zero
		2165	overhead (when going through the AnyEvent API create is about 5-6 times
		2166	slower, with other times being equal, so still uses far less memory than
1992	far less memory than any other event loop and is still faster than Event	2167	any other event loop and is still faster than Event natively).
1993	natively.
1994		2168
1995	The pure perl implementation is hit in a few sweet spots (both the	2169	The pure perl implementation is hit in a few sweet spots (both the
1996	constant timeout and the use of a single fd hit optimisations in the perl	2170	constant timeout and the use of a single fd hit optimisations in the perl
1997	interpreter and the backend itself). Nevertheless this shows that it	2171	interpreter and the backend itself). Nevertheless this shows that it
1998	adds very little overhead in itself. Like any select-based backend its	2172	adds very little overhead in itself. Like any select-based backend its
…		…
2072	In this benchmark, we use 10000 socket pairs (20000 sockets), of which 100	2246	In this benchmark, we use 10000 socket pairs (20000 sockets), of which 100
2073	(1%) are active. This mirrors the activity of large servers with many	2247	(1%) are active. This mirrors the activity of large servers with many
2074	connections, most of which are idle at any one point in time.	2248	connections, most of which are idle at any one point in time.
2075		2249
2076	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench2> in the AnyEvent	2250	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench2> in the AnyEvent
2077	distribution.	2251	distribution. It uses the L<AE> interface, which makes a real difference
		2252	for the EV and Perl backends only.
2078		2253
2079	=head3 Explanation of the columns	2254	=head3 Explanation of the columns
2080		2255
2081	I<sockets> is the number of sockets, and twice the number of "servers" (as	2256	I<sockets> is the number of sockets, and twice the number of "servers" (as
2082	each server has a read and write socket end).	2257	each server has a read and write socket end).
…		…
2090	a new one that moves the timeout into the future.	2265	a new one that moves the timeout into the future.
2091		2266
2092	=head3 Results	2267	=head3 Results
2093		2268
2094	name sockets create request	2269	name sockets create request
2095	EV 20000 69.01 11.16	2270	EV 20000 62.66 7.99
2096	Perl 20000 73.32 35.87	2271	Perl 20000 68.32 32.64
2097	IOAsync 20000 157.00 98.14 epoll	2272	IOAsync 20000 174.06 101.15 epoll
2098	IOAsync 20000 159.31 616.06 poll	2273	IOAsync 20000 174.67 610.84 poll
2099	Event 20000 212.62 257.32	2274	Event 20000 202.69 242.91
2100	Glib 20000 651.16 1896.30	2275	Glib 20000 557.01 1689.52
2101	POE 20000 349.67 12317.24 uses POE::Loop::Event	2276	POE 20000 341.54 12086.32 uses POE::Loop::Event
2102		2277
2103	=head3 Discussion	2278	=head3 Discussion
2104		2279
2105	This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the	2280	This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the
2106	particular event loop.	2281	particular event loop.
…		…
2232	As you can see, the AnyEvent + EV combination even beats the	2407	As you can see, the AnyEvent + EV combination even beats the
2233	hand-optimised "raw sockets benchmark", while AnyEvent + its pure perl	2408	hand-optimised "raw sockets benchmark", while AnyEvent + its pure perl
2234	backend easily beats IO::Lambda and POE.	2409	backend easily beats IO::Lambda and POE.
2235		2410
2236	And even the 100% non-blocking version written using the high-level (and	2411	And even the 100% non-blocking version written using the high-level (and
2237	slow :) L<AnyEvent::Handle> abstraction beats both POE and IO::Lambda by a	2412	slow :) L<AnyEvent::Handle> abstraction beats both POE and IO::Lambda
2238	large margin, even though it does all of DNS, tcp-connect and socket I/O	2413	higher level ("unoptimised") abstractions by a large margin, even though
2239	in a non-blocking way.	2414	it does all of DNS, tcp-connect and socket I/O in a non-blocking way.
2240		2415
2241	The two AnyEvent benchmarks programs can be found as F<eg/ae0.pl> and	2416	The two AnyEvent benchmarks programs can be found as F<eg/ae0.pl> and
2242	F<eg/ae2.pl> in the AnyEvent distribution, the remaining benchmarks are	2417	F<eg/ae2.pl> in the AnyEvent distribution, the remaining benchmarks are
2243	part of the IO::lambda distribution and were used without any changes.	2418	part of the IO::Lambda distribution and were used without any changes.
2244		2419
2245		2420
2246	=head1 SIGNALS	2421	=head1 SIGNALS
2247		2422
2248	AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals:	2423	AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals:
…		…
2290	it's built-in modules) are required to use it.	2465	it's built-in modules) are required to use it.
2291		2466
2292	That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional	2467	That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional
2293	modules if they are installed.	2468	modules if they are installed.
2294		2469
2295	This section epxlains which additional modules will be used, and how they	2470	This section explains which additional modules will be used, and how they
2296	affect AnyEvent's operetion.	2471	affect AnyEvent's operation.
2297		2472
2298	=over 4	2473	=over 4
2299		2474
2300	=item L<Async::Interrupt>	2475	=item L<Async::Interrupt>
2301		2476
…		…
2306	catch the signals) with some delay (default is 10 seconds, look for	2481	catch the signals) with some delay (default is 10 seconds, look for
2307	C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>).	2482	C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>).
2308		2483
2309	If this module is available, then it will be used to implement signal	2484	If this module is available, then it will be used to implement signal
2310	catching, which means that signals will not be delayed, and the event loop	2485	catching, which means that signals will not be delayed, and the event loop
2311	will not be interrupted regularly, which is more efficient (And good for	2486	will not be interrupted regularly, which is more efficient (and good for
2312	battery life on laptops).	2487	battery life on laptops).
2313		2488
2314	This affects not just the pure-perl event loop, but also other event loops	2489	This affects not just the pure-perl event loop, but also other event loops
2315	that have no signal handling on their own (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt).	2490	that have no signal handling on their own (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt).
2316		2491
…		…
2337	lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is	2512	lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is
2338	purely used for performance.	2513	purely used for performance.
2339		2514
2340	=item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS>	2515	=item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS>
2341		2516
2342	This module is required when you want to read or write JSON data via	2517	One of these modules is required when you want to read or write JSON data
2343	L<AnyEvent::Handle>. It is also written in pure-perl, but can take	2518	via L<AnyEvent::Handle>. It is also written in pure-perl, but can take
2344	advantage of the ultra-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed.	2519	advantage of the ultra-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed.
2345		2520
2346	In fact, L<AnyEvent::Handle> will use L<JSON::XS> by default if it is	2521	In fact, L<AnyEvent::Handle> will use L<JSON::XS> by default if it is
2347	installed.	2522	installed.
2348		2523
…		…
2363		2538
2364		2539
2365	=head1 FORK	2540	=head1 FORK
2366		2541
2367	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are	2542	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are
2368	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll>	2543	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll> calls
2369	calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware.	2544	- higher performance APIs such as BSD's kqueue or the dreaded Linux epoll
		2545	are usually badly thought-out hacks that are incompatible with fork in
		2546	one way or another. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware and ensures that you
		2547	continue event-processing in both parent and child (or both, if you know
		2548	what you are doing).
		2549
		2550	This means that, in general, you cannot fork and do event processing in
		2551	the child if the event library was initialised before the fork (which
		2552	usually happens when the first AnyEvent watcher is created, or the library
		2553	is loaded).
2370		2554
2371	If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first	2555	If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first
2372	watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child OR you must do	2556	watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child OR you must do
2373	something completely out of the scope of AnyEvent.	2557	something completely out of the scope of AnyEvent.
		2558
		2559	The problem of doing event processing in the parent I<and> the child
		2560	is much more complicated: even for backends that I<are> fork-aware or
		2561	fork-safe, their behaviour is not usually what you want: fork clones all
		2562	watchers, that means all timers, I/O watchers etc. are active in both
		2563	parent and child, which is almost never what you want. USing C<exec>
		2564	to start worker children from some kind of manage rprocess is usually
		2565	preferred, because it is much easier and cleaner, at the expense of having
		2566	to have another binary.
2374		2567
2375		2568
2376	=head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS	2569	=head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
2377		2570
2378	AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via	2571	AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via
…		…
2416	L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>.	2609	L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>.
2417		2610
2418	Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>,	2611	Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>,
2419	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>,	2612	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>,
2420	L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>,	2613	L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>,
2421	L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>.	2614	L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>, L<Anyevent::Impl::Irssi>.
2422		2615
2423	Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and	2616	Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and
2424	servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>.	2617	servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>.
2425		2618
2426	Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>.	2619	Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>.

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Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents): Revision 1.253 by root, Tue Jul 21 06:00:47 2009 UTC vs. Revision 1.311 by root, Wed Feb 10 13:33:44 2010 UTC

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Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.253 by root, Tue Jul 21 06:00:47 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.311 by root, Wed Feb 10 13:33:44 2010 UTC