[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm

Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.244 by root, Fri Jul 17 23:15:57 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.305 by root, Sun Dec 13 05:13:15 2009 UTC

…		…
1	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
2		2
3	AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops	3	AnyEvent - the DBI of event loop programming
4		4
5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt and POE are various supported	5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Irssi, rxvt-unicode, IO::Async, Qt
6	event loops.	6	and POE are various supported event loops/environments.
7		7
8	=head1 SYNOPSIS	8	=head1 SYNOPSIS
9		9
10	use AnyEvent;	10	use AnyEvent;
11		11
40	=head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL	40	=head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL
41		41
42	This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested	42	This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested
43	in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the	43	in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the
44	L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage.	44	L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage.
		45
		46	=head1 SUPPORT
		47
		48	There is a mailinglist for discussing all things AnyEvent, and an IRC
		49	channel, too.
		50
		51	See the AnyEvent project page at the B<Schmorpforge Ta-Sa Software
		52	Repository>, at L<http://anyevent.schmorp.de>, for more info.
45		53
46	=head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT)	54	=head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT)
47		55
48	Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen	56	Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen
49	nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent?	57	nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent?
…		…
173	my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are	181	my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are
174	declared.	182	declared.
175		183
176	=head2 I/O WATCHERS	184	=head2 I/O WATCHERS
177		185
		186	$w = AnyEvent->io (
		187	fh => <filehandle_or_fileno>,
		188	poll => <"r" or "w">,
		189	cb => <callback>,
		190	);
		191
178	You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method	192	You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method
179	with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:	193	with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:
180		194
181	C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch	195	C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch
182	for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file	196	for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file
…		…
211	undef $w;	225	undef $w;
212	});	226	});
213		227
214	=head2 TIME WATCHERS	228	=head2 TIME WATCHERS
215		229
		230	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => <seconds>, cb => <callback>);
		231
		232	$w = AnyEvent->timer (
		233	after => <fractional_seconds>,
		234	interval => <fractional_seconds>,
		235	cb => <callback>,
		236	);
		237
216	You can create a time watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->timer >>	238	You can create a time watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->timer >>
217	method with the following mandatory arguments:	239	method with the following mandatory arguments:
218		240
219	C<after> specifies after how many seconds (fractional values are	241	C<after> specifies after how many seconds (fractional values are
220	supported) the callback should be invoked. C<cb> is the callback to invoke	242	supported) the callback should be invoked. C<cb> is the callback to invoke
…		…
341	might affect timers and time-outs.	363	might affect timers and time-outs.
342		364
343	When this is the case, you can call this method, which will update the	365	When this is the case, you can call this method, which will update the
344	event loop's idea of "current time".	366	event loop's idea of "current time".
345		367
		368	A typical example would be a script in a web server (e.g. C<mod_perl>) -
		369	when mod_perl executes the script, then the event loop will have the wrong
		370	idea about the "current time" (being potentially far in the past, when the
		371	script ran the last time). In that case you should arrange a call to C<<
		372	AnyEvent->now_update >> each time the web server process wakes up again
		373	(e.g. at the start of your script, or in a handler).
		374
346	Note that updating the time I<might> cause some events to be handled.	375	Note that updating the time I<might> cause some events to be handled.
347		376
348	=back	377	=back
349		378
350	=head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS	379	=head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS
		380
		381	$w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => <uppercase_signal_name>, cb => <callback>);
351		382
352	You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal	383	You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal
353	I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl	384	I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl
354	callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs.	385	callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs.
355		386
…		…
368		399
369	This watcher might use C<%SIG> (depending on the event loop used),	400	This watcher might use C<%SIG> (depending on the event loop used),
370	so programs overwriting those signals directly will likely not work	401	so programs overwriting those signals directly will likely not work
371	correctly.	402	correctly.
372		403
		404	Example: exit on SIGINT
		405
		406	my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 });
		407
		408	=head3 Restart Behaviour
		409
		410	While restart behaviour is up to the event loop implementation, most will
		411	not restart syscalls (that includes L<Async::Interrupt> and AnyEvent's
		412	pure perl implementation).
		413
		414	=head3 Safe/Unsafe Signals
		415
		416	Perl signals can be either "safe" (synchronous to opcode handling) or
		417	"unsafe" (asynchronous) - the former might get delayed indefinitely, the
		418	latter might corrupt your memory.
		419
		420	AnyEvent signal handlers are, in addition, synchronous to the event loop,
		421	i.e. they will not interrupt your running perl program but will only be
		422	called as part of the normal event handling (just like timer, I/O etc.
		423	callbacks, too).
		424
		425	=head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds
		426
373	Also note that many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not	427	Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support attaching
374	support attaching callbacks to signals, which is a pity, as you cannot do	428	callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot
375	race-free signal handling in perl. AnyEvent will try to do it's best, but	429	do race-free signal handling in perl, requiring C libraries for
		430	this. AnyEvent will try to do it's best, which means in some cases,
376	in some cases, signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might	431	signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might be delayed is
377	be delayed is specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10	432	specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10 seconds). This
378	seconds). This variable can be changed only before the first signal	433	variable can be changed only before the first signal watcher is created,
379	watcher is created, and should be left alone otherwise. Higher values	434	and should be left alone otherwise. This variable determines how often
		435	AnyEvent polls for signals (in case a wake-up was missed). Higher values
380	will cause fewer spurious wake-ups, which is better for power and CPU	436	will cause fewer spurious wake-ups, which is better for power and CPU
		437	saving.
		438
381	saving. All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional	439	All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional
382	L<Async::Interrupt> module.	440	L<Async::Interrupt> module, which works with most event loops. It will not
383		441	work with inherently broken event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib>
384	Example: exit on SIGINT	442	(and not with L<POE> currently, as POE does it's own workaround with
385		443	one-second latency). For those, you just have to suffer the delays.
386	my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 });
387		444
388	=head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS	445	=head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS
389		446
		447	$w = AnyEvent->child (pid => <process id>, cb => <callback>);
		448
390	You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status.	449	You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status.
391		450
392	The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (if set to C<0>, it	451	The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (one some backends,
393	watches for any child process exit). The watcher will triggered only when	452	using C<0> watches for any child process exit, on others this will
394	the child process has finished and an exit status is available, not on	453	croak). The watcher will be triggered only when the child process has
395	any trace events (stopped/continued).	454	finished and an exit status is available, not on any trace events
		455	(stopped/continued).
396		456
397	The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by	457	The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by
398	waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher	458	waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher
399	callback arguments.	459	callback arguments.
400		460
…		…
441	# do something else, then wait for process exit	501	# do something else, then wait for process exit
442	$done->recv;	502	$done->recv;
443		503
444	=head2 IDLE WATCHERS	504	=head2 IDLE WATCHERS
445		505
		506	$w = AnyEvent->idle (cb => <callback>);
		507
446	Sometimes there is a need to do something, but it is not so important	508	Sometimes there is a need to do something, but it is not so important
447	to do it instantly, but only when there is nothing better to do. This	509	to do it instantly, but only when there is nothing better to do. This
448	"nothing better to do" is usually defined to be "no other events need	510	"nothing better to do" is usually defined to be "no other events need
449	attention by the event loop".	511	attention by the event loop".
450		512
…		…
476	});	538	});
477	});	539	});
478		540
479	=head2 CONDITION VARIABLES	541	=head2 CONDITION VARIABLES
480		542
		543	$cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
		544
		545	$cv->send (<list>);
		546	my @res = $cv->recv;
		547
481	If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them	548	If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them
482	require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that	549	require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that
483	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.	550	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.
484		551
485	AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event	552	AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event
…		…
504	Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can	571	Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can
505	optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points	572	optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points
506	in time where multiple outstanding events have been processed. And yet	573	in time where multiple outstanding events have been processed. And yet
507	another way to call them is transactions - each condition variable can be	574	another way to call them is transactions - each condition variable can be
508	used to represent a transaction, which finishes at some point and delivers	575	used to represent a transaction, which finishes at some point and delivers
509	a result.	576	a result. And yet some people know them as "futures" - a promise to
		577	compute/deliver something that you can wait for.
510		578
511	Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished,	579	Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished,
512	for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests,	580	for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests,
513	then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the	581	then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the
514	availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is	582	availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is
…		…
548	after => 1,	616	after => 1,
549	cb => sub { $result_ready->send },	617	cb => sub { $result_ready->send },
550	);	618	);
551		619
552	# this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback	620	# this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback
553	# calls -<send	621	# calls ->send
554	$result_ready->recv;	622	$result_ready->recv;
555		623
556	Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition	624	Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition
557	variables are also callable directly.	625	variables are also callable directly.
558		626
…		…
622	one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want	690	one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want
623	to use a condition variable for the whole process.	691	to use a condition variable for the whole process.
624		692
625	Every call to C<< ->begin >> will increment a counter, and every call to	693	Every call to C<< ->begin >> will increment a counter, and every call to
626	C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end	694	C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end
627	>>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback	695	>>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed, passing the
628	is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no	696	condvar as first argument. That callback is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send
629	callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments.	697	>>, but that is not required. If no group callback was set, C<send> will
		698	be called without any arguments.
630		699
631	You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call	700	You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call
632	sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND	701	sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND
633	condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends).	702	condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends).
634		703
…		…
661	begung can potentially be zero:	730	begung can potentially be zero:
662		731
663	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	732	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
664		733
665	my %result;	734	my %result;
666	$cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) });	735	$cv->begin (sub { shift->send (\%result) });
667		736
668	for my $host (@list_of_hosts) {	737	for my $host (@list_of_hosts) {
669	$cv->begin;	738	$cv->begin;
670	ping_host_then_call_callback $host, sub {	739	ping_host_then_call_callback $host, sub {
671	$result{$host} = ...;	740	$result{$host} = ...;
…		…
746	=item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv))	815	=item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv))
747		816
748	This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally	817	This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally
749	replaces it before doing so.	818	replaces it before doing so.
750		819
751	The callback will be called when the condition becomes "true", i.e. when	820	The callback will be called when the condition becomes (or already was)
752	C<send> or C<croak> are called, with the only argument being the condition	821	"true", i.e. when C<send> or C<croak> are called (or were called), with
753	variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time	822	the only argument being the condition variable itself. Calling C<recv>
754	is guaranteed not to block.	823	inside the callback or at any later time is guaranteed not to block.
755		824
756	=back	825	=back
757		826
758	=head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS	827	=head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS
759		828
…		…
762	=over 4	831	=over 4
763		832
764	=item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found.	833	=item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found.
765		834
766	EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in	835	EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in
767	use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will try Event, and, failing	836	use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will fall back to its own
768	that, will fall back to its own pure-perl implementation, which is	837	pure-perl implementation, which is available everywhere as it comes with
769	available everywhere as it comes with AnyEvent itself.	838	AnyEvent itself.
770		839
771	AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice).	840	AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice).
772	AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches.
773	AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable.	841	AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable.
774		842
775	=item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used.	843	=item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used.
776		844
777	These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher	845	These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher
778	is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using	846	is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using
779	them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend	847	them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend
780	when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to	848	when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to
781	create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program.	849	create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program.
782		850
		851	AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches.
783	AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable.	852	AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable.
784	AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken.	853	AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken.
785	AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.	854	AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.
786	AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations.	855	AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations.
		856	AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi used when running within irssi.
787		857
788	=item Backends with special needs.	858	=item Backends with special needs.
789		859
790	Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will	860	Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will
791	otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program	861	otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program
…		…
865	event module detection too early, for example, L<AnyEvent::AIO> creates	935	event module detection too early, for example, L<AnyEvent::AIO> creates
866	and installs the global L<IO::AIO> watcher in a C<post_detect> block to	936	and installs the global L<IO::AIO> watcher in a C<post_detect> block to
867	avoid autodetecting the event module at load time.	937	avoid autodetecting the event module at load time.
868		938
869	If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object	939	If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object
870	that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed. See	940	that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed (or
		941	C<undef> when the hook was immediately executed). See L<AnyEvent::AIO> for
871	L<Coro::BDB> for a case where this is useful.	942	a case where this is useful.
		943
		944	Example: Create a watcher for the IO::AIO module and store it in
		945	C<$WATCHER>. Only do so after the event loop is initialised, though.
		946
		947	our WATCHER;
		948
		949	my $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect {
		950	$WATCHER = AnyEvent->io (fh => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, poll => 'r', cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		951	};
		952
		953	# the \|\|= is important in case post_detect immediately runs the block,
		954	# as to not clobber the newly-created watcher. assigning both watcher and
		955	# post_detect guard to the same variable has the advantage of users being
		956	# able to just C<undef $WATCHER> if the watcher causes them grief.
		957
		958	$WATCHER \|\|= $guard;
872		959
873	=item @AnyEvent::post_detect	960	=item @AnyEvent::post_detect
874		961
875	If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it	962	If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it
876	before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after	963	before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after
…		…
879	You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though:	966	You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though:
880	if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the	967	if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the
881	array will be ignored.	968	array will be ignored.
882		969
883	Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> when your application allows	970	Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> when your application allows
884	it,as it takes care of these details.	971	it, as it takes care of these details.
885		972
886	This variable is mainly useful for modules that can do something useful	973	This variable is mainly useful for modules that can do something useful
887	when AnyEvent is used and thus want to know when it is initialised, but do	974	when AnyEvent is used and thus want to know when it is initialised, but do
888	not need to even load it by default. This array provides the means to hook	975	not need to even load it by default. This array provides the means to hook
889	into AnyEvent passively, without loading it.	976	into AnyEvent passively, without loading it.
		977
		978	Example: To load Coro::AnyEvent whenever Coro and AnyEvent are used
		979	together, you could put this into Coro (this is the actual code used by
		980	Coro to accomplish this):
		981
		982	if (defined $AnyEvent::MODEL) {
		983	# AnyEvent already initialised, so load Coro::AnyEvent
		984	require Coro::AnyEvent;
		985	} else {
		986	# AnyEvent not yet initialised, so make sure to load Coro::AnyEvent
		987	# as soon as it is
		988	push @AnyEvent::post_detect, sub { require Coro::AnyEvent };
		989	}
890		990
891	=back	991	=back
892		992
893	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE	993	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE
894		994
…		…
1043		1143
1044	package AnyEvent;	1144	package AnyEvent;
1045		1145
1046	# basically a tuned-down version of common::sense	1146	# basically a tuned-down version of common::sense
1047	sub common_sense {	1147	sub common_sense {
1048	# no warnings	1148	# from common:.sense 1.0
1049	${^WARNING_BITS} ^= ${^WARNING_BITS};	1149	${^WARNING_BITS} = "\xfc\x3f\x33\x00\x0f\xf3\xcf\xc0\xf3\xfc\x33\x00";
1050	# use strict vars subs	1150	# use strict vars subs
1051	$^H \|= 0x00000600;	1151	$^H \|= 0x00000600;
1052	}	1152	}
1053		1153
1054	BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }	1154	BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
1055		1155
1056	use Carp ();	1156	use Carp ();
1057		1157
1058	our $VERSION = 4.83;	1158	our $VERSION = '5.22';
1059	our $MODEL;	1159	our $MODEL;
1060		1160
1061	our $AUTOLOAD;	1161	our $AUTOLOAD;
1062	our @ISA;	1162	our @ISA;
1063		1163
1064	our @REGISTRY;	1164	our @REGISTRY;
1065
1066	our $WIN32;
1067		1165
1068	our $VERBOSE;	1166	our $VERBOSE;
1069		1167
1070	BEGIN {	1168	BEGIN {
1071	eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }";	1169	eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }";
…		…
1088	for reverse split /\s,\s/,	1186	for reverse split /\s,\s/,
1089	$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} \|\| "ipv4,ipv6";	1187	$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} \|\| "ipv4,ipv6";
1090	}	1188	}
1091		1189
1092	my @models = (	1190	my @models = (
1093	[EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV::],	1191	[EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV:: , 1],
1094	[Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::],
1095	[AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::],	1192	[AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: , 1],
1096	# everything below here will not be autoprobed	1193	# everything below here will not (normally) be autoprobed
1097	# as the pureperl backend should work everywhere	1194	# as the pureperl backend should work everywhere
1098	# and is usually faster	1195	# and is usually faster
		1196	[Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::, 1],
1099	[Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers	1197	[Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib:: , 1], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers
1100	[Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy	1198	[Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy
		1199	[Irssi:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi::], # Irssi has a bogus "Event" package
1101	[Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles	1200	[Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles
1102	[Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program	1201	[Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program
1103	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza	1202	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza
1104	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],	1203	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
1105	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],	1204	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
1106	# IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its	1205	# IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its
1107	# byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others.	1206	# byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others.
1108	# IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any	1207	# IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any
1109	# obvious default class.	1208	# obvious default class.
1110	# [IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1209	[IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1111	# [IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1210	[IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1112	# [IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1211	[IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
		1212	[AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1113	);	1213	);
1114		1214
1115	our %method = map +($_ => 1),	1215	our %method = map +($_ => 1),
1116	qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY);	1216	qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY);
1117		1217
…		…
1121	my ($cb) = @_;	1221	my ($cb) = @_;
1122		1222
1123	if ($MODEL) {	1223	if ($MODEL) {
1124	$cb->();	1224	$cb->();
1125		1225
1126	1	1226	undef
1127	} else {	1227	} else {
1128	push @post_detect, $cb;	1228	push @post_detect, $cb;
1129		1229
1130	defined wantarray	1230	defined wantarray
1131	? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect"	1231	? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect"
…		…
1163	}	1263	}
1164	}	1264	}
1165	}	1265	}
1166		1266
1167	unless ($MODEL) {	1267	unless ($MODEL) {
1168	# try to load a model	1268	# try to autoload a model
1169
1170	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {	1269	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1171	my ($package, $model) = @$_;	1270	my ($package, $model, $autoload) = @$_;
		1271	if (
		1272	$autoload
1172	if (eval "require $package"	1273	and eval "require $package"
1173	and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0	1274	and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0
1174	and eval "require $model") {	1275	and eval "require $model"
		1276	) {
1175	$MODEL = $model;	1277	$MODEL = $model;
1176	warn "AnyEvent: autoprobed model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;	1278	warn "AnyEvent: autoloaded model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1177	last;	1279	last;
1178	}	1280	}
1179	}	1281	}
1180		1282
1181	$MODEL	1283	$MODEL
…		…
1222	# we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases	1324	# we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases
1223		1325
1224	($fh2, $rw)	1326	($fh2, $rw)
1225	}	1327	}
1226		1328
		1329	=head1 SIMPLIFIED AE API
		1330
		1331	Starting with version 5.0, AnyEvent officially supports a second, much
		1332	simpler, API that is designed to reduce the calling, typing and memory
		1333	overhead.
		1334
		1335	See the L<AE> manpage for details.
		1336
		1337	=cut
		1338
		1339	package AE;
		1340
		1341	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
		1342
		1343	sub io($$$) {
		1344	AnyEvent->io (fh => $_[0], poll => $_[1] ? "w" : "r", cb => $_[2])
		1345	}
		1346
		1347	sub timer($$$) {
		1348	AnyEvent->timer (after => $_[0], interval => $_[1], cb => $_[2])
		1349	}
		1350
		1351	sub signal($$) {
		1352	AnyEvent->signal (signal => $_[0], cb => $_[1])
		1353	}
		1354
		1355	sub child($$) {
		1356	AnyEvent->child (pid => $_[0], cb => $_[1])
		1357	}
		1358
		1359	sub idle($) {
		1360	AnyEvent->idle (cb => $_[0])
		1361	}
		1362
		1363	sub cv(;&) {
		1364	AnyEvent->condvar (@_ ? (cb => $_[0]) : ())
		1365	}
		1366
		1367	sub now() {
		1368	AnyEvent->now
		1369	}
		1370
		1371	sub now_update() {
		1372	AnyEvent->now_update
		1373	}
		1374
		1375	sub time() {
		1376	AnyEvent->time
		1377	}
		1378
1227	package AnyEvent::Base;	1379	package AnyEvent::Base;
1228		1380
1229	# default implementations for many methods	1381	# default implementations for many methods
1230		1382
1231	sub _time {	1383	sub _time() {
1232	# probe for availability of Time::HiRes	1384	# probe for availability of Time::HiRes
1233	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {	1385	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {
1234	warn "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;	1386	warn "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1235	*_time = \&Time::HiRes::time;	1387	*_time = \&Time::HiRes::time;
1236	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...	1388	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...
…		…
1253	}	1405	}
1254		1406
1255	# default implementation for ->signal	1407	# default implementation for ->signal
1256		1408
1257	our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;	1409	our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;
		1410
		1411	sub _have_async_interrupt() {
		1412	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT = 1*(!$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT}
		1413	&& eval "use Async::Interrupt 1.02 (); 1")
		1414	unless defined $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;
		1415
		1416	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1417	}
		1418
1258	our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO);	1419	our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO);
1259	our (%SIG_ASY, %SIG_ASY_W);	1420	our (%SIG_ASY, %SIG_ASY_W);
1260	our ($SIG_COUNT, $SIG_TW);	1421	our ($SIG_COUNT, $SIG_TW);
1261		1422
1262	sub _signal_exec {	1423	sub _signal_exec {
1263	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT	1424	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
1264	? $SIGPIPE_R->drain	1425	? $SIGPIPE_R->drain
1265	: sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 9;	1426	: sysread $SIGPIPE_R, (my $dummy), 9;
1266		1427
1267	while (%SIG_EV) {	1428	while (%SIG_EV) {
1268	for (keys %SIG_EV) {	1429	for (keys %SIG_EV) {
1269	delete $SIG_EV{$_};	1430	delete $SIG_EV{$_};
1270	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} \|\| {} };	1431	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} \|\| {} };
1271	}	1432	}
1272	}	1433	}
1273	}	1434	}
1274		1435
		1436	# install a dummy wakeup watcher to reduce signal catching latency
1275	sub _signal {	1437	sub _sig_add() {
1276	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1438	unless ($SIG_COUNT++) {
		1439	# try to align timer on a full-second boundary, if possible
		1440	my $NOW = AE::now;
1277		1441
1278	my $signal = uc $arg{signal}	1442	$SIG_TW = AE::timer
1279	or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing";	1443	$MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY - ($NOW - int $NOW),
1280		1444	$MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY,
1281	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};	1445	sub { } # just for the PERL_ASYNC_CHECK
1282
1283	if ($HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT) {
1284	# async::interrupt
1285
1286	$SIG_ASY{$signal} \|\|= do {
1287	my $asy = new Async::Interrupt
1288	cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} },
1289	signal => $signal,
1290	pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos],
1291	;
1292	$asy->pipe_autodrain (0);
1293
1294	$asy
1295	};	1446	;
1296
1297	} else {
1298	# pure perl
1299
1300	$SIG{$signal} \|\|= sub {
1301	local $!;
1302	syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV;
1303	undef $SIG_EV{$signal};
1304	};
1305
1306	# can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl,
1307	# so limit the signal latency.
1308	++$SIG_COUNT;
1309	$SIG_TW \|\|= AnyEvent->timer (
1310	after => $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY,
1311	interval => $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY,
1312	cb => sub { }, # just for the PERL_ASYNC_CHECK
1313	);
1314	}	1447	}
1315
1316	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"
1317	}	1448	}
1318		1449
1319	sub signal {	1450	sub _sig_del {
1320	# probe for availability of Async::Interrupt
1321	if (!$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT} && eval "use Async::Interrupt 0.6 (); 1") {
1322	warn "AnyEvent: using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1323
1324	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT = 1;
1325	$SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe;
1326	$SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec);
1327
1328	} else {
1329	warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1330
1331	require Fcntl;
1332
1333	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {
1334	require AnyEvent::Util;
1335
1336	($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe ();
1337	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R) if $SIGPIPE_R;
1338	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
1339	} else {
1340	pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W;
1341	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R;
1342	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
1343
1344	# not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure...
1345	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
1346	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
1347	}
1348
1349	$SIGPIPE_R
1350	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";
1351
1352	$SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec);
1353	}
1354
1355	*signal = \&_signal;
1356	&signal
1357	}
1358
1359	sub AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY {
1360	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
1361
1362	undef $SIG_TW	1451	undef $SIG_TW
1363	unless --$SIG_COUNT;	1452	unless --$SIG_COUNT;
		1453	}
1364		1454
		1455	our $_sig_name_init; $_sig_name_init = sub {
		1456	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading
		1457	undef $_sig_name_init;
		1458
		1459	if (_have_async_interrupt) {
		1460	*sig2num = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2num;
		1461	*sig2name = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2name;
		1462	} else {
		1463	require Config;
		1464
		1465	my %signame2num;
		1466	@signame2num{ split ' ', $Config::Config{sig_name} }
		1467	= split ' ', $Config::Config{sig_num};
		1468
		1469	my @signum2name;
		1470	@signum2name[values %signame2num] = keys %signame2num;
		1471
		1472	*sig2num = sub($) {
		1473	$_[0] > 0 ? shift : $signame2num{+shift}
		1474	};
		1475	*sig2name = sub ($) {
		1476	$_[0] > 0 ? $signum2name[+shift] : shift
		1477	};
		1478	}
		1479	};
		1480	die if $@;
		1481	};
		1482
		1483	sub sig2num ($) { &$_sig_name_init; &sig2num }
		1484	sub sig2name($) { &$_sig_name_init; &sig2name }
		1485
		1486	sub signal {
		1487	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
		1488	# probe for availability of Async::Interrupt
		1489	if (_have_async_interrupt) {
		1490	warn "AnyEvent: using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
		1491
		1492	$SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe;
		1493	$SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, 0, \&_signal_exec;
		1494
		1495	} else {
		1496	warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
		1497
		1498	require Fcntl;
		1499
		1500	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {
		1501	require AnyEvent::Util;
		1502
		1503	($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe ();
		1504	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R, 1) if $SIGPIPE_R;
		1505	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W, 1) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
		1506	} else {
		1507	pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W;
		1508	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R;
		1509	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
		1510
		1511	# not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure...
		1512	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
		1513	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
		1514	}
		1515
		1516	$SIGPIPE_R
		1517	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";
		1518
		1519	$SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R, 0, \&_signal_exec;
		1520	}
		1521
		1522	*signal = sub {
		1523	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
		1524
		1525	my $signal = uc $arg{signal}
		1526	or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing";
		1527
		1528	if ($HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT) {
		1529	# async::interrupt
		1530
		1531	$signal = sig2num $signal;
		1532	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
		1533
		1534	$SIG_ASY{$signal} \|\|= new Async::Interrupt
		1535	cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} },
		1536	signal => $signal,
		1537	pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos],
		1538	pipe_autodrain => 0,
		1539	;
		1540
		1541	} else {
		1542	# pure perl
		1543
		1544	# AE::Util has been loaded in signal
		1545	$signal = sig2name $signal;
		1546	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
		1547
		1548	$SIG{$signal} \|\|= sub {
		1549	local $!;
		1550	syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV;
		1551	undef $SIG_EV{$signal};
		1552	};
		1553
		1554	# can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl,
		1555	# so limit the signal latency.
		1556	_sig_add;
		1557	}
		1558
		1559	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"
		1560	};
		1561
		1562	*AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY = sub {
		1563	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
		1564
		1565	_sig_del;
		1566
1365	delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};	1567	delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};
1366		1568
		1569	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1570	? delete $SIG_ASY{$signal}
1367	# delete doesn't work with older perls - they then	1571	: # delete doesn't work with older perls - they then
1368	# print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit	1572	# print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit
1369	# instead of getting the default action.	1573	# instead of getting the default action.
1370	undef $SIG{$signal}	1574	undef $SIG{$signal}
1371	unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };	1575	unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };
		1576	};
		1577	};
		1578	die if $@;
		1579	&signal
1372	}	1580	}
1373		1581
1374	# default implementation for ->child	1582	# default implementation for ->child
1375		1583
1376	our %PID_CB;	1584	our %PID_CB;
1377	our $CHLD_W;	1585	our $CHLD_W;
1378	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;	1586	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;
1379	our $WNOHANG;	1587	our $WNOHANG;
1380		1588
		1589	sub _emit_childstatus($$) {
		1590	my (undef, $rpid, $rstatus) = @_;
		1591
		1592	$_->($rpid, $rstatus)
		1593	for values %{ $PID_CB{$rpid} \|\| {} },
		1594	values %{ $PID_CB{0} \|\| {} };
		1595	}
		1596
1381	sub _sigchld {	1597	sub _sigchld {
		1598	my $pid;
		1599
		1600	AnyEvent->_emit_childstatus ($pid, $?)
1382	while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) {	1601	while ($pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG) > 0;
1383	$_->($pid, $?)
1384	for values %{ $PID_CB{$pid} \|\| {} },
1385	values %{ $PID_CB{0} \|\| {} };
1386	}
1387	}	1602	}
1388		1603
1389	sub child {	1604	sub child {
1390	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1605	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
1391		1606
…		…
1398	$WNOHANG \|\|= $^O =~ /^(?:openbsd\|netbsd\|linux\|freebsd\|cygwin\|MSWin32)$/	1613	$WNOHANG \|\|= $^O =~ /^(?:openbsd\|netbsd\|linux\|freebsd\|cygwin\|MSWin32)$/
1399	? 1	1614	? 1
1400	: eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } \|\| 1;	1615	: eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } \|\| 1;
1401		1616
1402	unless ($CHLD_W) {	1617	unless ($CHLD_W) {
1403	$CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld);	1618	$CHLD_W = AE::signal CHLD => \&_sigchld;
1404	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round	1619	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round
1405	&_sigchld;	1620	&_sigchld;
1406	}	1621	}
1407		1622
1408	bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child"	1623	bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child"
…		…
1434	# never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher,	1649	# never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher,
1435	# within some limits	1650	# within some limits
1436	$w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001;	1651	$w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001;
1437	$w = 5 if $w > 5;	1652	$w = 5 if $w > 5;
1438		1653
1439	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $w, cb => $rcb);	1654	$w = AE::timer $w, 0, $rcb;
1440	} else {	1655	} else {
1441	# clean up...	1656	# clean up...
1442	undef $w;	1657	undef $w;
1443	undef $rcb;	1658	undef $rcb;
1444	}	1659	}
1445	};	1660	};
1446		1661
1447	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 0.05, cb => $rcb);	1662	$w = AE::timer 0.05, 0, $rcb;
1448		1663
1449	bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle"	1664	bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle"
1450	}	1665	}
1451		1666
1452	sub AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY {	1667	sub AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY {
…		…
1506	Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak} if $_[0]{_ae_croak};	1721	Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak} if $_[0]{_ae_croak};
1507	wantarray ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0]	1722	wantarray ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0]
1508	}	1723	}
1509		1724
1510	sub cb {	1725	sub cb {
1511	$_[0]{_ae_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;	1726	my $cv = shift;
		1727
		1728	@_
		1729	and $cv->{_ae_cb} = shift
		1730	and $cv->{_ae_sent}
		1731	and (delete $cv->{_ae_cb})->($cv);
		1732
1512	$_[0]{_ae_cb}	1733	$cv->{_ae_cb}
1513	}	1734	}
1514		1735
1515	sub begin {	1736	sub begin {
1516	++$_[0]{_ae_counter};	1737	++$_[0]{_ae_counter};
1517	$_[0]{_ae_end_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;	1738	$_[0]{_ae_end_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;
…		…
1726	warn "read: $input\n"; # output what has been read	1947	warn "read: $input\n"; # output what has been read
1727	$cv->send if $input =~ /^q/i; # quit program if /^q/i	1948	$cv->send if $input =~ /^q/i; # quit program if /^q/i
1728	},	1949	},
1729	);	1950	);
1730		1951
1731	my $time_watcher; # can only be used once
1732
1733	sub new_timer {
1734	$timer = AnyEvent->timer (after => 1, cb => sub {	1952	my $time_watcher = AnyEvent->timer (after => 1, interval => 1, cb => sub {
1735	warn "timeout\n"; # print 'timeout' about every second	1953	warn "timeout\n"; # print 'timeout' at most every second
1736	&new_timer; # and restart the time
1737	});	1954	});
1738	}
1739
1740	new_timer; # create first timer
1741		1955
1742	$cv->recv; # wait until user enters /^q/i	1956	$cv->recv; # wait until user enters /^q/i
1743		1957
1744	=head1 REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE	1958	=head1 REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE
1745		1959
…		…
1876	through AnyEvent. The benchmark creates a lot of timers (with a zero	2090	through AnyEvent. The benchmark creates a lot of timers (with a zero
1877	timeout) and I/O watchers (watching STDOUT, a pty, to become writable,	2091	timeout) and I/O watchers (watching STDOUT, a pty, to become writable,
1878	which it is), lets them fire exactly once and destroys them again.	2092	which it is), lets them fire exactly once and destroys them again.
1879		2093
1880	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench> in the AnyEvent	2094	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench> in the AnyEvent
1881	distribution.	2095	distribution. It uses the L<AE> interface, which makes a real difference
		2096	for the EV and Perl backends only.
1882		2097
1883	=head3 Explanation of the columns	2098	=head3 Explanation of the columns
1884		2099
1885	I<watcher> is the number of event watchers created/destroyed. Since	2100	I<watcher> is the number of event watchers created/destroyed. Since
1886	different event models feature vastly different performances, each event	2101	different event models feature vastly different performances, each event
…		…
1907	watcher.	2122	watcher.
1908		2123
1909	=head3 Results	2124	=head3 Results
1910		2125
1911	name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment	2126	name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment
1912	EV/EV 400000 224 0.47 0.35 0.27 EV native interface	2127	EV/EV 100000 223 0.47 0.43 0.27 EV native interface
1913	EV/Any 100000 224 2.88 0.34 0.27 EV + AnyEvent watchers	2128	EV/Any 100000 223 0.48 0.42 0.26 EV + AnyEvent watchers
1914	CoroEV/Any 100000 224 2.85 0.35 0.28 coroutines + Coro::Signal	2129	Coro::EV/Any 100000 223 0.47 0.42 0.26 coroutines + Coro::Signal
1915	Perl/Any 100000 452 4.13 0.73 0.95 pure perl implementation	2130	Perl/Any 100000 431 2.70 0.74 0.92 pure perl implementation
1916	Event/Event 16000 517 32.20 31.80 0.81 Event native interface	2131	Event/Event 16000 516 31.16 31.84 0.82 Event native interface
1917	Event/Any 16000 590 35.85 31.55 1.06 Event + AnyEvent watchers	2132	Event/Any 16000 1203 42.61 34.79 1.80 Event + AnyEvent watchers
1918	IOAsync/Any 16000 989 38.10 32.77 11.13 via IO::Async::Loop::IO_Poll	2133	IOAsync/Any 16000 1911 41.92 27.45 16.81 via IO::Async::Loop::IO_Poll
1919	IOAsync/Any 16000 990 37.59 29.50 10.61 via IO::Async::Loop::Epoll	2134	IOAsync/Any 16000 1726 40.69 26.37 15.25 via IO::Async::Loop::Epoll
1920	Glib/Any 16000 1357 102.33 12.31 51.00 quadratic behaviour	2135	Glib/Any 16000 1118 89.00 12.57 51.17 quadratic behaviour
1921	Tk/Any 2000 1860 27.20 66.31 14.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers	2136	Tk/Any 2000 1346 20.96 10.75 8.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers
1922	POE/Event 2000 6328 109.99 751.67 14.02 via POE::Loop::Event	2137	POE/Any 2000 6951 108.97 795.32 14.24 via POE::Loop::Event
1923	POE/Select 2000 6027 94.54 809.13 579.80 via POE::Loop::Select	2138	POE/Any 2000 6648 94.79 774.40 575.51 via POE::Loop::Select
1924		2139
1925	=head3 Discussion	2140	=head3 Discussion
1926		2141
1927	The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very	2142	The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very
1928	well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one)	2143	well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one)
…		…
1940	benchmark machine, handling an event takes roughly 1600 CPU cycles with	2155	benchmark machine, handling an event takes roughly 1600 CPU cycles with
1941	EV, 3100 CPU cycles with AnyEvent's pure perl loop and almost 3000000 CPU	2156	EV, 3100 CPU cycles with AnyEvent's pure perl loop and almost 3000000 CPU
1942	cycles with POE.	2157	cycles with POE.
1943		2158
1944	C<EV> is the sole leader regarding speed and memory use, which are both	2159	C<EV> is the sole leader regarding speed and memory use, which are both
1945	maximal/minimal, respectively. Even when going through AnyEvent, it uses	2160	maximal/minimal, respectively. When using the L<AE> API there is zero
		2161	overhead (when going through the AnyEvent API create is about 5-6 times
		2162	slower, with other times being equal, so still uses far less memory than
1946	far less memory than any other event loop and is still faster than Event	2163	any other event loop and is still faster than Event natively).
1947	natively.
1948		2164
1949	The pure perl implementation is hit in a few sweet spots (both the	2165	The pure perl implementation is hit in a few sweet spots (both the
1950	constant timeout and the use of a single fd hit optimisations in the perl	2166	constant timeout and the use of a single fd hit optimisations in the perl
1951	interpreter and the backend itself). Nevertheless this shows that it	2167	interpreter and the backend itself). Nevertheless this shows that it
1952	adds very little overhead in itself. Like any select-based backend its	2168	adds very little overhead in itself. Like any select-based backend its
…		…
2026	In this benchmark, we use 10000 socket pairs (20000 sockets), of which 100	2242	In this benchmark, we use 10000 socket pairs (20000 sockets), of which 100
2027	(1%) are active. This mirrors the activity of large servers with many	2243	(1%) are active. This mirrors the activity of large servers with many
2028	connections, most of which are idle at any one point in time.	2244	connections, most of which are idle at any one point in time.
2029		2245
2030	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench2> in the AnyEvent	2246	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench2> in the AnyEvent
2031	distribution.	2247	distribution. It uses the L<AE> interface, which makes a real difference
		2248	for the EV and Perl backends only.
2032		2249
2033	=head3 Explanation of the columns	2250	=head3 Explanation of the columns
2034		2251
2035	I<sockets> is the number of sockets, and twice the number of "servers" (as	2252	I<sockets> is the number of sockets, and twice the number of "servers" (as
2036	each server has a read and write socket end).	2253	each server has a read and write socket end).
…		…
2044	a new one that moves the timeout into the future.	2261	a new one that moves the timeout into the future.
2045		2262
2046	=head3 Results	2263	=head3 Results
2047		2264
2048	name sockets create request	2265	name sockets create request
2049	EV 20000 69.01 11.16	2266	EV 20000 62.66 7.99
2050	Perl 20000 73.32 35.87	2267	Perl 20000 68.32 32.64
2051	IOAsync 20000 157.00 98.14 epoll	2268	IOAsync 20000 174.06 101.15 epoll
2052	IOAsync 20000 159.31 616.06 poll	2269	IOAsync 20000 174.67 610.84 poll
2053	Event 20000 212.62 257.32	2270	Event 20000 202.69 242.91
2054	Glib 20000 651.16 1896.30	2271	Glib 20000 557.01 1689.52
2055	POE 20000 349.67 12317.24 uses POE::Loop::Event	2272	POE 20000 341.54 12086.32 uses POE::Loop::Event
2056		2273
2057	=head3 Discussion	2274	=head3 Discussion
2058		2275
2059	This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the	2276	This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the
2060	particular event loop.	2277	particular event loop.
…		…
2186	As you can see, the AnyEvent + EV combination even beats the	2403	As you can see, the AnyEvent + EV combination even beats the
2187	hand-optimised "raw sockets benchmark", while AnyEvent + its pure perl	2404	hand-optimised "raw sockets benchmark", while AnyEvent + its pure perl
2188	backend easily beats IO::Lambda and POE.	2405	backend easily beats IO::Lambda and POE.
2189		2406
2190	And even the 100% non-blocking version written using the high-level (and	2407	And even the 100% non-blocking version written using the high-level (and
2191	slow :) L<AnyEvent::Handle> abstraction beats both POE and IO::Lambda by a	2408	slow :) L<AnyEvent::Handle> abstraction beats both POE and IO::Lambda
2192	large margin, even though it does all of DNS, tcp-connect and socket I/O	2409	higher level ("unoptimised") abstractions by a large margin, even though
2193	in a non-blocking way.	2410	it does all of DNS, tcp-connect and socket I/O in a non-blocking way.
2194		2411
2195	The two AnyEvent benchmarks programs can be found as F<eg/ae0.pl> and	2412	The two AnyEvent benchmarks programs can be found as F<eg/ae0.pl> and
2196	F<eg/ae2.pl> in the AnyEvent distribution, the remaining benchmarks are	2413	F<eg/ae2.pl> in the AnyEvent distribution, the remaining benchmarks are
2197	part of the IO::lambda distribution and were used without any changes.	2414	part of the IO::Lambda distribution and were used without any changes.
2198		2415
2199		2416
2200	=head1 SIGNALS	2417	=head1 SIGNALS
2201		2418
2202	AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals:	2419	AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals:
…		…
2244	it's built-in modules) are required to use it.	2461	it's built-in modules) are required to use it.
2245		2462
2246	That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional	2463	That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional
2247	modules if they are installed.	2464	modules if they are installed.
2248		2465
2249	This section epxlains which additional modules will be used, and how they	2466	This section explains which additional modules will be used, and how they
2250	affect AnyEvent's operetion.	2467	affect AnyEvent's operation.
2251		2468
2252	=over 4	2469	=over 4
2253		2470
2254	=item L<Async::Interrupt>	2471	=item L<Async::Interrupt>
2255		2472
2256	This slightly arcane module is used to implement fast signal handling: To	2473	This slightly arcane module is used to implement fast signal handling: To
2257	my knowledge, there is no way to do completely race-free and quick	2474	my knowledge, there is no way to do completely race-free and quick
2258	signal handling in pure perl. To ensure that signals still get	2475	signal handling in pure perl. To ensure that signals still get
2259	delivered, AnyEvent will start an interval timer to wake up perl (and	2476	delivered, AnyEvent will start an interval timer to wake up perl (and
2260	catch the signals) with soemd elay (default is 10 seconds, look for	2477	catch the signals) with some delay (default is 10 seconds, look for
2261	C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>).	2478	C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>).
2262		2479
2263	If this module is available, then it will be used to implement signal	2480	If this module is available, then it will be used to implement signal
2264	catching, which means that signals will not be delayed, and the event loop	2481	catching, which means that signals will not be delayed, and the event loop
2265	will not be interrupted regularly, which is more efficient (And good for	2482	will not be interrupted regularly, which is more efficient (and good for
2266	battery life on laptops).	2483	battery life on laptops).
2267		2484
2268	This affects not just the pure-perl event loop, but also other event loops	2485	This affects not just the pure-perl event loop, but also other event loops
2269	that have no signal handling on their own (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt).	2486	that have no signal handling on their own (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt).
		2487
		2488	Some event loops (POE, Event, Event::Lib) offer signal watchers natively,
		2489	and either employ their own workarounds (POE) or use AnyEvent's workaround
		2490	(using C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>). Installing L<Async::Interrupt>
		2491	does nothing for those backends.
2270		2492
2271	=item L<EV>	2493	=item L<EV>
2272		2494
2273	This module isn't really "optional", as it is simply one of the backend	2495	This module isn't really "optional", as it is simply one of the backend
2274	event loops that AnyEvent can use. However, it is simply the best event	2496	event loops that AnyEvent can use. However, it is simply the best event
…		…
2286	lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is	2508	lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is
2287	purely used for performance.	2509	purely used for performance.
2288		2510
2289	=item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS>	2511	=item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS>
2290		2512
2291	This module is required when you want to read or write JSON data via	2513	One of these modules is required when you want to read or write JSON data
2292	L<AnyEvent::Handle>. It is also written in pure-perl, but can take	2514	via L<AnyEvent::Handle>. It is also written in pure-perl, but can take
2293	advantage of the ulta-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed.	2515	advantage of the ultra-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed.
2294		2516
2295	In fact, L<AnyEvent::Handle> will use L<JSON::XS> by default if it is	2517	In fact, L<AnyEvent::Handle> will use L<JSON::XS> by default if it is
2296	installed.	2518	installed.
2297		2519
2298	=item L<Net::SSLeay>	2520	=item L<Net::SSLeay>
…		…
2315		2537
2316	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are	2538	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are
2317	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll>	2539	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll>
2318	calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware.	2540	calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware.
2319		2541
		2542	This means that, in general, you cannot fork and do event processing
		2543	in the child if a watcher was created before the fork (which in turn
		2544	initialises the event library).
		2545
2320	If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first	2546	If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first
2321	watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child OR you must do	2547	watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child OR you must do
2322	something completely out of the scope of AnyEvent.	2548	something completely out of the scope of AnyEvent.
		2549
		2550	The problem of doing event processing in the parent I<and> the child
		2551	is much more complicated: even for backends that I<are> fork-aware or
		2552	fork-safe, their behaviour is not usually what you want: fork clones all
		2553	watchers, that means all timers, I/O watchers etc. are active in both
		2554	parent and child, which is almost never what you want.
2323		2555
2324		2556
2325	=head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS	2557	=head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
2326		2558
2327	AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via	2559	AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via
…		…
2365	L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>.	2597	L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>.
2366		2598
2367	Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>,	2599	Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>,
2368	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>,	2600	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>,
2369	L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>,	2601	L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>,
2370	L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>.	2602	L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>, L<Anyevent::Impl::Irssi>.
2371		2603
2372	Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and	2604	Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and
2373	servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>.	2605	servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>.
2374		2606
2375	Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>.	2607	Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>.

Diff Legend

-–
+Removed lines
-+
+Added lines
-<
+Changed lines
->
+Changed lines

Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents): Revision 1.244 by root, Fri Jul 17 23:15:57 2009 UTC vs. Revision 1.305 by root, Sun Dec 13 05:13:15 2009 UTC

Diff Legend

Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.244 by root, Fri Jul 17 23:15:57 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.305 by root, Sun Dec 13 05:13:15 2009 UTC