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Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.358 by root, Sat Aug 13 02:35:32 2011 UTC vs.
Revision 1.389 by root, Tue Oct 4 05:34:50 2011 UTC

1=head1 NAME 1=head1 NAME
2 2
3AnyEvent - the DBI of event loop programming 3AnyEvent - the DBI of event loop programming
4 4
5EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Irssi, rxvt-unicode, IO::Async, Qt 5EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Irssi, rxvt-unicode, IO::Async, Qt,
6and POE are various supported event loops/environments. 6FLTK and POE are various supported event loops/environments.
7 7
8=head1 SYNOPSIS 8=head1 SYNOPSIS
9 9
10 use AnyEvent; 10 use AnyEvent;
11 11
… …
415not restart syscalls (that includes L<Async::Interrupt> and AnyEvent's 415not restart syscalls (that includes L<Async::Interrupt> and AnyEvent's
416pure perl implementation). 416pure perl implementation).
417 417
418=head3 Safe/Unsafe Signals 418=head3 Safe/Unsafe Signals
419 419
420Perl signals can be either "safe" (synchronous to opcode handling) or 420Perl signals can be either "safe" (synchronous to opcode handling)
421"unsafe" (asynchronous) - the former might get delayed indefinitely, the 421or "unsafe" (asynchronous) - the former might delay signal delivery
422latter might corrupt your memory. 422indefinitely, the latter might corrupt your memory.
423 423
424AnyEvent signal handlers are, in addition, synchronous to the event loop, 424AnyEvent signal handlers are, in addition, synchronous to the event loop,
425i.e. they will not interrupt your running perl program but will only be 425i.e. they will not interrupt your running perl program but will only be
426called as part of the normal event handling (just like timer, I/O etc. 426called as part of the normal event handling (just like timer, I/O etc.
427callbacks, too). 427callbacks, too).
428 428
429=head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds 429=head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds
430 430
431Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support attaching 431Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support
432callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot 432attaching callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity,
433do race-free signal handling in perl, requiring C libraries for 433as you cannot do race-free signal handling in perl, requiring
434this. AnyEvent will try to do its best, which means in some cases, 434C libraries for this. AnyEvent will try to do its best, which
435signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might be delayed is 435means in some cases, signals will be delayed. The maximum time
436specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10 seconds). This 436a signal might be delayed is 10 seconds by default, but can
437variable can be changed only before the first signal watcher is created, 437be overriden via C<$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY}> or
438and should be left alone otherwise. This variable determines how often 438C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> - see the Ö<ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES>
439AnyEvent polls for signals (in case a wake-up was missed). Higher values 439section for details.
440will cause fewer spurious wake-ups, which is better for power and CPU
441saving.
442 440
443All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional 441All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional
444L<Async::Interrupt> module, which works with most event loops. It will not 442L<Async::Interrupt> module, which works with most event loops. It will not
445work with inherently broken event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib> 443work with inherently broken event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib>
446(and not with L<POE> currently, as POE does its own workaround with 444(and not with L<POE> currently). For those, you just have to suffer the
447one-second latency). For those, you just have to suffer the delays. 445delays.
448 446
449=head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS 447=head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS
450 448
451 $w = AnyEvent->child (pid => <process id>, cb => <callback>); 449 $w = AnyEvent->child (pid => <process id>, cb => <callback>);
452 450
… …
878 AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse. 876 AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.
879 AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations. 877 AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations.
880 AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi used when running within irssi. 878 AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi used when running within irssi.
881 AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync based on IO::Async. 879 AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync based on IO::Async.
882 AnyEvent::Impl::Cocoa based on Cocoa::EventLoop. 880 AnyEvent::Impl::Cocoa based on Cocoa::EventLoop.
883 AnyEvent::Impl::FLTK2 based on FLTK (fltk 2 binding). 881 AnyEvent::Impl::FLTK based on FLTK (fltk 2 binding).
884 882
885=item Backends with special needs. 883=item Backends with special needs.
886 884
887Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will 885Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will
888otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program 886otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program
… …
933 931
934Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model 932Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model
935if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would 933if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would
936have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at 934have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at
937runtime, and not e.g. during initialisation of your module. 935runtime, and not e.g. during initialisation of your module.
936
937The effect of calling this function is as if a watcher had been created
938(specifically, actions that happen "when the first watcher is created"
939happen when calling detetc as well).
938 940
939If you need to do some initialisation before AnyEvent watchers are 941If you need to do some initialisation before AnyEvent watchers are
940created, use C<post_detect>. 942created, use C<post_detect>.
941 943
942=item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK } 944=item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }
… …
1045It should use C<postpone>: 1047It should use C<postpone>:
1046 1048
1047 AnyEvent::postpone { $cb->(undef) }, return # signal error to callback, later 1049 AnyEvent::postpone { $cb->(undef) }, return # signal error to callback, later
1048 if $some_error_condition; 1050 if $some_error_condition;
1049 1051
1052=item AnyEvent::log $level, $msg[, @args]
1053
1054Log the given C<$msg> at the given C<$level>.
1055
1056If L<AnyEvent::Log> is not loaded then this function makes a simple test
1057to see whether the message will be logged. If the test succeeds it will
1058load AnyEvent::Log and call C<AnyEvent::Log::log> - consequently, look at
1059the L<AnyEvent::Log> documentation for details.
1060
1061If the test fails it will simply return. Right now this happens when a
1062numerical loglevel is used and it is larger than the level specified via
1063C<$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}>.
1064
1065If you want to sprinkle loads of logging calls around your code, consider
1066creating a logger callback with the C<AnyEvent::Log::logger> function,
1067which can reduce typing, codesize and can reduce the logging overhead
1068enourmously.
1069
1050=back 1070=back
1051 1071
1052=head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE 1072=head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE
1053 1073
1054As a module author, you should C<use AnyEvent> and call AnyEvent methods 1074As a module author, you should C<use AnyEvent> and call AnyEvent methods
… …
1110 1130
1111 1131
1112=head1 OTHER MODULES 1132=head1 OTHER MODULES
1113 1133
1114The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use 1134The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use
1115AnyEvent as a client and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent 1135AnyEvent as a client and can therefore be mixed easily with other
1116modules and other event loops in the same program. Some of the modules 1136AnyEvent modules and other event loops in the same program. Some of the
1117come as part of AnyEvent, the others are available via CPAN. 1137modules come as part of AnyEvent, the others are available via CPAN (see
1138L<http://search.cpan.org/search?m=module&q=anyevent%3A%3A*> for
1139a longer non-exhaustive list), and the list is heavily biased towards
1140modules of the AnyEvent author himself :)
1118 1141
1119=over 4 1142=over 4
1120 1143
1121=item L<AnyEvent::Util> 1144=item L<AnyEvent::Util>
1122 1145
… …
1142=item L<AnyEvent::HTTP>, L<AnyEvent::IRC>, L<AnyEvent::XMPP>, L<AnyEvent::GPSD>, L<AnyEvent::IGS>, L<AnyEvent::FCP> 1165=item L<AnyEvent::HTTP>, L<AnyEvent::IRC>, L<AnyEvent::XMPP>, L<AnyEvent::GPSD>, L<AnyEvent::IGS>, L<AnyEvent::FCP>
1143 1166
1144Implement event-based interfaces to the protocols of the same name (for 1167Implement event-based interfaces to the protocols of the same name (for
1145the curious, IGS is the International Go Server and FCP is the Freenet 1168the curious, IGS is the International Go Server and FCP is the Freenet
1146Client Protocol). 1169Client Protocol).
1147
1148=item L<AnyEvent::Handle::UDP>
1149
1150Here be danger!
1151
1152As Pauli would put it, "Not only is it not right, it's not even wrong!" -
1153there are so many things wrong with AnyEvent::Handle::UDP, most notably
1154its use of a stream-based API with a protocol that isn't streamable, that
1155the only way to improve it is to delete it.
1156
1157It features data corruption (but typically only under load) and general
1158confusion. On top, the author is not only clueless about UDP but also
1159fact-resistant - some gems of his understanding: "connect doesn't work
1160with UDP", "UDP packets are not IP packets", "UDP only has datagrams, not
1161packets", "I don't need to implement proper error checking as UDP doesn't
1162support error checking" and so on - he doesn't even understand what's
1163wrong with his module when it is explained to him.
1164
1165=item L<AnyEvent::DBI>
1166
1167Executes L<DBI> requests asynchronously in a proxy process for you,
1168notifying you in an event-based way when the operation is finished.
1169 1170
1170=item L<AnyEvent::AIO> 1171=item L<AnyEvent::AIO>
1171 1172
1172Truly asynchronous (as opposed to non-blocking) I/O, should be in the 1173Truly asynchronous (as opposed to non-blocking) I/O, should be in the
1173toolbox of every event programmer. AnyEvent::AIO transparently fuses 1174toolbox of every event programmer. AnyEvent::AIO transparently fuses
1174L<IO::AIO> and AnyEvent together, giving AnyEvent access to event-based 1175L<IO::AIO> and AnyEvent together, giving AnyEvent access to event-based
1175file I/O, and much more. 1176file I/O, and much more.
1176 1177
1178=item L<AnyEvent::Filesys::Notify>
1179
1180AnyEvent is good for non-blocking stuff, but it can't detect file or
1181path changes (e.g. "watch this directory for new files", "watch this
1182file for changes"). The L<AnyEvent::Filesys::Notify> module promises to
1183do just that in a portbale fashion, supporting inotify on GNU/Linux and
1184some weird, without doubt broken, stuff on OS X to monitor files. It can
1185fall back to blocking scans at regular intervals transparently on other
1186platforms, so it's about as portable as it gets.
1187
1188(I haven't used it myself, but I haven't heard anybody complaining about
1189it yet).
1190
1191=item L<AnyEvent::DBI>
1192
1193Executes L<DBI> requests asynchronously in a proxy process for you,
1194notifying you in an event-based way when the operation is finished.
1195
1177=item L<AnyEvent::HTTPD> 1196=item L<AnyEvent::HTTPD>
1178 1197
1179A simple embedded webserver. 1198A simple embedded webserver.
1180 1199
1181=item L<AnyEvent::FastPing> 1200=item L<AnyEvent::FastPing>
1182 1201
1183The fastest ping in the west. 1202The fastest ping in the west.
1184 1203
1185=item L<Coro> 1204=item L<Coro>
1186 1205
1187Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>. 1206Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>, which allows you
1207to simply invert the flow control - don't call us, we will call you:
1208
1209 async {
1210 Coro::AnyEvent::sleep 5; # creates a 5s timer and waits for it
1211 print "5 seconds later!\n";
1212
1213 Coro::AnyEvent::readable *STDIN; # uses an I/O watcher
1214 my $line = <STDIN>; # works for ttys
1215
1216 AnyEvent::HTTP::http_get "url", Coro::rouse_cb;
1217 my ($body, $hdr) = Coro::rouse_wait;
1218 };
1188 1219
1189=back 1220=back
1190 1221
1191=cut 1222=cut
1192 1223
… …
1202 1233
1203BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense } 1234BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
1204 1235
1205use Carp (); 1236use Carp ();
1206 1237
1207our $VERSION = '5.34'; 1238our $VERSION = '6.02';
1208our $MODEL; 1239our $MODEL;
1209
1210our @ISA; 1240our @ISA;
1211
1212our @REGISTRY; 1241our @REGISTRY;
1213
1214our $VERBOSE; 1242our $VERBOSE;
1243our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4|ipv6) => (1|2), higher numbers are preferred
1244our $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY} || 10; # executes after the BEGIN block below (tainting!)
1215 1245
1216BEGIN { 1246BEGIN {
1217 require "AnyEvent/constants.pl"; 1247 require "AnyEvent/constants.pl";
1218 1248
1219 eval "sub TAINT (){" . (${^TAINT}*1) . "}"; 1249 eval "sub TAINT (){" . (${^TAINT}*1) . "}";
1220 1250
1221 delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV} 1251 delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV}
1222 if ${^TAINT}; 1252 if ${^TAINT};
1223 1253
1224 $VERBOSE = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1; 1254 $ENV{"PERL_ANYEVENT_$_"} = $ENV{"AE_$_"}
1255 for grep s/^AE_// && !exists $ENV{"PERL_ANYEVENT_$_"}, keys %ENV;
1225 1256
1226} 1257 @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV} = ()
1258 if ${^TAINT};
1227 1259
1228our $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY = 10; 1260 # $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_xxx} now valid
1229 1261
1230our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4|ipv6) => (1|2), higher numbers are preferred 1262 $VERBOSE = length $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE} ? $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1 : 4;
1231 1263
1232{
1233 my $idx; 1264 my $idx;
1234 $PROTOCOL{$_} = ++$idx 1265 $PROTOCOL{$_} = ++$idx
1235 for reverse split /\s*,\s*/, 1266 for reverse split /\s*,\s*/,
1236 $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} || "ipv4,ipv6"; 1267 $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} || "ipv4,ipv6";
1237} 1268}
… …
1268 $POSTPONE_W ||= AE::timer (0, 0, \&_postpone_exec); 1299 $POSTPONE_W ||= AE::timer (0, 0, \&_postpone_exec);
1269 1300
1270 () 1301 ()
1271} 1302}
1272 1303
1304sub log($$;@) {
1305 # only load the big bloated module when we actually are about to log something
1306 if ($_[0] <= ($VERBOSE || 1)) { # also catches non-numeric levels(!) and fatal
1307 local ($!, $@);
1308 require AnyEvent::Log; # among other things, sets $VERBOSE to 9
1309 # AnyEvent::Log overwrites this function
1310 goto &log;
1311 }
1312
1313 0 # not logged
1314}
1315
1316sub _logger($;$) {
1317 my ($level, $renabled) = @_;
1318
1319 $$renabled = $level <= $VERBOSE;
1320
1321 my $logger = [(caller)[0], $level, $renabled];
1322
1323 $AnyEvent::Log::LOGGER{$logger+0} = $logger;
1324
1325# return unless defined wantarray;
1326#
1327# require AnyEvent::Util;
1328# my $guard = AnyEvent::Util::guard (sub {
1329# # "clean up"
1330# delete $LOGGER{$logger+0};
1331# });
1332#
1333# sub {
1334# return 0 unless $$renabled;
1335#
1336# $guard if 0; # keep guard alive, but don't cause runtime overhead
1337# require AnyEvent::Log unless $AnyEvent::Log::VERSION;
1338# package AnyEvent::Log;
1339# _log ($logger->[0], $level, @_) # logger->[0] has been converted at load time
1340# }
1341}
1342
1343if (length $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_LOG}) {
1344 require AnyEvent::Log; # AnyEvent::Log does the thing for us
1345}
1346
1273our @models = ( 1347our @models = (
1274 [EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV:: , 1], 1348 [EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV::],
1275 [AnyEvent::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: , 1], 1349 [AnyEvent::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::],
1276 # everything below here will not (normally) be autoprobed 1350 # everything below here will not (normally) be autoprobed
1277 # as the pure perl backend should work everywhere 1351 # as the pure perl backend should work everywhere
1278 # and is usually faster 1352 # and is usually faster
1353 [Irssi:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi::], # Irssi has a bogus "Event" package, so msut be near the top
1279 [Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::, 1], 1354 [Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::], # slow, stable
1280 [Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib:: , 1], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers 1355 [Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers
1356 # everything below here should not be autoloaded
1281 [Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy 1357 [Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy
1282 [Irssi:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi::], # Irssi has a bogus "Event" package
1283 [Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles 1358 [Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles
1284 [Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program 1359 [Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program
1285 [POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza 1360 [POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza
1286 [Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], 1361 [Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
1287 [Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], 1362 [Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
1288 [IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # a bitch to autodetect 1363 [IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # a bitch to autodetect
1289 [Cocoa::EventLoop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Cocoa::], 1364 [Cocoa::EventLoop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Cocoa::],
1290 [FLTK:: => AnyEvent::Impl::FLTK2::], 1365 [FLTK:: => AnyEvent::Impl::FLTK::],
1291); 1366);
1367
1368our @isa_hook;
1369
1370sub _isa_set {
1371 my @pkg = ("AnyEvent", (map $_->[0], grep defined, @isa_hook), $MODEL);
1372
1373 @{"$pkg[$_-1]::ISA"} = $pkg[$_]
1374 for 1 .. $#pkg;
1375
1376 grep $_ && $_->[1], @isa_hook
1377 and AE::_reset ();
1378}
1379
1380# used for hooking AnyEvent::Strict and AnyEvent::Debug::Wrap into the class hierarchy
1381sub _isa_hook($$;$) {
1382 my ($i, $pkg, $reset_ae) = @_;
1383
1384 $isa_hook[$i] = $pkg ? [$pkg, $reset_ae] : undef;
1385
1386 _isa_set;
1387}
1292 1388
1293# all autoloaded methods reserve the complete glob, not just the method slot. 1389# all autoloaded methods reserve the complete glob, not just the method slot.
1294# due to bugs in perls method cache implementation. 1390# due to bugs in perls method cache implementation.
1295our @methods = qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar); 1391our @methods = qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar);
1296 1392
1297sub detect() { 1393sub detect() {
1394 return $MODEL if $MODEL; # some programs keep references to detect
1395
1396 # IO::Async::Loop::AnyEvent is extremely evil, refuse to work with it
1397 # the author knows about the problems and what it does to AnyEvent as a whole
1398 # (and the ability of others to use AnyEvent), but simply wants to abuse AnyEvent
1399 # anyway.
1400 AnyEvent::log fatal => "AnyEvent: IO::Async::Loop::AnyEvent detected - this module is broken by design,\n"
1401 . "abuses internals and breaks AnyEvent, will not continue."
1402 if exists $INC{"IO/Async/Loop/AnyEvent.pm"};
1403
1298 local $!; # for good measure 1404 local $!; # for good measure
1299 local $SIG{__DIE__}; # we use eval 1405 local $SIG{__DIE__}; # we use eval
1300 1406
1301 # free some memory 1407 # free some memory
1302 *detect = sub () { $MODEL }; 1408 *detect = sub () { $MODEL };
… …
1310 1416
1311 if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z0-9:]+)$/) { 1417 if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z0-9:]+)$/) {
1312 my $model = $1; 1418 my $model = $1;
1313 $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$model" unless $model =~ s/::$//; 1419 $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$model" unless $model =~ s/::$//;
1314 if (eval "require $model") { 1420 if (eval "require $model") {
1421 AnyEvent::log 7 => "loaded model '$model' (forced by \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}), using it.";
1315 $MODEL = $model; 1422 $MODEL = $model;
1316 warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}), using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1317 } else { 1423 } else {
1318 warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}):\n$@" if $VERBOSE; 1424 AnyEvent::log 4 => "unable to load model '$model' (from \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}):\n$@";
1319 } 1425 }
1320 } 1426 }
1321 1427
1322 # check for already loaded models 1428 # check for already loaded models
1323 unless ($MODEL) { 1429 unless ($MODEL) {
1324 for (@REGISTRY, @models) { 1430 for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1325 my ($package, $model) = @$_; 1431 my ($package, $model) = @$_;
1326 if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) { 1432 if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) {
1327 if (eval "require $model") { 1433 if (eval "require $model") {
1434 AnyEvent::log 7 => "autodetected model '$model', using it.";
1328 $MODEL = $model; 1435 $MODEL = $model;
1329 warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1330 last; 1436 last;
1331 } 1437 }
1332 } 1438 }
1333 } 1439 }
1334 1440
1335 unless ($MODEL) { 1441 unless ($MODEL) {
1336 # try to autoload a model 1442 # try to autoload a model
1337 for (@REGISTRY, @models) { 1443 for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1338 my ($package, $model, $autoload) = @$_; 1444 my ($package, $model) = @$_;
1339 if ( 1445 if (
1340 $autoload
1341 and eval "require $package" 1446 eval "require $package"
1342 and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0 1447 and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0
1343 and eval "require $model" 1448 and eval "require $model"
1344 ) { 1449 ) {
1450 AnyEvent::log 7 => "autoloaded model '$model', using it.";
1345 $MODEL = $model; 1451 $MODEL = $model;
1346 warn "AnyEvent: autoloaded model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1347 last; 1452 last;
1348 } 1453 }
1349 } 1454 }
1350 1455
1351 $MODEL 1456 $MODEL
1352 or die "AnyEvent: backend autodetection failed - did you properly install AnyEvent?\n"; 1457 or AnyEvent::log fatal => "AnyEvent: backend autodetection failed - did you properly install AnyEvent?";
1353 } 1458 }
1354 } 1459 }
1355 1460
1356 # free memory only needed for probing 1461 # free memory only needed for probing
1357 undef @models; 1462 undef @models;
1358 undef @REGISTRY; 1463 undef @REGISTRY;
1359 1464
1360 push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base"; 1465 push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base";
1361 unshift @ISA, $MODEL;
1362 1466
1363 # now nuke some methods that are overridden by the backend. 1467 # now nuke some methods that are overridden by the backend.
1364 # SUPER usage is not allowed in these. 1468 # SUPER usage is not allowed in these.
1365 for (qw(time signal child idle)) { 1469 for (qw(time signal child idle)) {
1366 undef &{"AnyEvent::Base::$_"} 1470 undef &{"AnyEvent::Base::$_"}
1367 if defined &{"$MODEL\::$_"}; 1471 if defined &{"$MODEL\::$_"};
1368 } 1472 }
1369 1473
1474 _isa_set;
1475
1476 # we're officially open!
1477
1370 if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT}) { 1478 if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT}) {
1371 require AnyEvent::Strict; 1479 require AnyEvent::Strict;
1372 } 1480 }
1373 1481
1374 if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_WRAP}) { 1482 if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_WRAP}) {
1375 require AnyEvent::Debug; 1483 require AnyEvent::Debug;
1376 AnyEvent::Debug::wrap ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_WRAP}); 1484 AnyEvent::Debug::wrap ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_WRAP});
1377 } 1485 }
1378 1486
1379 if (exists $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_SHELL}) { 1487 if (length $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_SHELL}) {
1380 require AnyEvent::Socket; 1488 require AnyEvent::Socket;
1381 require AnyEvent::Debug; 1489 require AnyEvent::Debug;
1382 1490
1491 my $shell = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_SHELL};
1492 $shell =~ s/\$\$/$$/g;
1493
1383 my ($host, $service) = AnyEvent::Socket::parse_hostport ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_SHELL}); 1494 my ($host, $service) = AnyEvent::Socket::parse_hostport ($shell);
1384 $AnyEvent::Debug::SHELL = AnyEvent::Debug::shell ($host, $service); 1495 $AnyEvent::Debug::SHELL = AnyEvent::Debug::shell ($host, $service);
1385 } 1496 }
1497
1498 # now the anyevent environment is set up as the user told us to, so
1499 # call the actual user code - post detects
1386 1500
1387 (shift @post_detect)->() while @post_detect; 1501 (shift @post_detect)->() while @post_detect;
1388 undef @post_detect; 1502 undef @post_detect;
1389 1503
1390 *post_detect = sub(&) { 1504 *post_detect = sub(&) {
… …
1477 sub time() { 1591 sub time() {
1478 AnyEvent->time 1592 AnyEvent->time
1479 } 1593 }
1480 1594
1481 *postpone = \&AnyEvent::postpone; 1595 *postpone = \&AnyEvent::postpone;
1596 *log = \&AnyEvent::log;
1482 }; 1597 };
1483 die if $@; 1598 die if $@;
1484} 1599}
1485 1600
1486BEGIN { _reset } 1601BEGIN { _reset }
… …
1491 1606
1492sub time { 1607sub time {
1493 eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {} 1608 eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
1494 # probe for availability of Time::HiRes 1609 # probe for availability of Time::HiRes
1495 if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") { 1610 if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {
1496 warn "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8; 1611 *time = sub { Time::HiRes::time () };
1497 *AE::time = \&Time::HiRes::time; 1612 *AE::time = \& Time::HiRes::time ;
1613 *now = \&time;
1614 AnyEvent::log 8 => "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.";
1498 # if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())... 1615 # if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...
1499 } else { 1616 } else {
1617 *time = sub { CORE::time };
1618 *AE::time = sub (){ CORE::time };
1619 *now = \&time;
1500 warn "AnyEvent: using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!\n" if $VERBOSE; 1620 AnyEvent::log 3 => "using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!";
1501 *AE::time = sub (){ time }; # epic fail
1502 } 1621 }
1503
1504 *time = sub { AE::time }; # different prototypes
1505 }; 1622 };
1506 die if $@; 1623 die if $@;
1507 1624
1508 &time 1625 &time
1509} 1626}
1510 1627
1511*now = \&time; 1628*now = \&time;
1512
1513sub now_update { } 1629sub now_update { }
1514 1630
1515sub _poll { 1631sub _poll {
1516 Carp::croak "$AnyEvent::MODEL does not support blocking waits. Caught"; 1632 Carp::croak "$AnyEvent::MODEL does not support blocking waits. Caught";
1517} 1633}
… …
1603 1719
1604sub signal { 1720sub signal {
1605 eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {} 1721 eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
1606 # probe for availability of Async::Interrupt 1722 # probe for availability of Async::Interrupt
1607 if (_have_async_interrupt) { 1723 if (_have_async_interrupt) {
1608 warn "AnyEvent: using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8; 1724 AnyEvent::log 8 => "using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.";
1609 1725
1610 $SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe; 1726 $SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe;
1611 $SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, 0, \&_signal_exec; 1727 $SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, 0, \&_signal_exec;
1612 1728
1613 } else { 1729 } else {
1614 warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8; 1730 AnyEvent::log 8 => "using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.";
1615 1731
1616 if (AnyEvent::WIN32) { 1732 if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {
1617 require AnyEvent::Util; 1733 require AnyEvent::Util;
1618 1734
1619 ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe (); 1735 ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe ();
… …
1913$Event/EV::DIED->() >>, L<Glib> uses C<< install_exception_handler >> and 2029$Event/EV::DIED->() >>, L<Glib> uses C<< install_exception_handler >> and
1914so on. 2030so on.
1915 2031
1916=head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES 2032=head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
1917 2033
1918The following environment variables are used by this module or its 2034AnyEvent supports a number of environment variables that tune the
1919submodules. 2035runtime behaviour. They are usually evaluated when AnyEvent is
2036loaded, initialised, or a submodule that uses them is loaded. Many of
2037them also cause AnyEvent to load additional modules - for example,
2038C<PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_WRAP> causes the L<AnyEvent::Debug> module to be
2039loaded.
1920 2040
1921Note that AnyEvent will remove I<all> environment variables starting with 2041All the environment variables documented here start with
1922C<PERL_ANYEVENT_> from C<%ENV> when it is loaded while taint mode is 2042C<PERL_ANYEVENT_>, which is what AnyEvent considers its own
1923enabled. 2043namespace. Other modules are encouraged (but by no means required) to use
2044C<PERL_ANYEVENT_SUBMODULE> if they have registered the AnyEvent::Submodule
2045namespace on CPAN, for any submodule. For example, L<AnyEvent::HTTP> could
2046be expected to use C<PERL_ANYEVENT_HTTP_PROXY> (it should not access env
2047variables starting with C<AE_>, see below).
2048
2049All variables can also be set via the C<AE_> prefix, that is, instead
2050of setting C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE> you can also set C<AE_VERBOSE>. In
2051case there is a clash btween anyevent and another program that uses
2052C<AE_something> you can set the corresponding C<PERL_ANYEVENT_something>
2053variable to the empty string, as those variables take precedence.
2054
2055When AnyEvent is first loaded, it copies all C<AE_xxx> env variables
2056to their C<PERL_ANYEVENT_xxx> counterpart unless that variable already
2057exists. If taint mode is on, then AnyEvent will remove I<all> environment
2058variables starting with C<PERL_ANYEVENT_> from C<%ENV> (or replace them
2059with C<undef> or the empty string, if the corresaponding C<AE_> variable
2060is set).
2061
2062The exact algorithm is currently:
2063
2064 1. if taint mode enabled, delete all PERL_ANYEVENT_xyz variables from %ENV
2065 2. copy over AE_xyz to PERL_ANYEVENT_xyz unless the latter alraedy exists
2066 3. if taint mode enabled, set all PERL_ANYEVENT_xyz variables to undef.
2067
2068This ensures that child processes will not see the C<AE_> variables.
2069
2070The following environment variables are currently known to AnyEvent:
1924 2071
1925=over 4 2072=over 4
1926 2073
1927=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE> 2074=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE>
1928 2075
1929By default, AnyEvent will be completely silent except in fatal 2076By default, AnyEvent will only log messages with loglevel C<3>
1930conditions. You can set this environment variable to make AnyEvent more 2077(C<critical>) or higher (see L<AnyEvent::Log>). You can set this
2078environment variable to a numerical loglevel to make AnyEvent more (or
1931talkative. 2079less) talkative.
1932 2080
2081If you want to do more than just set the global logging level
2082you should have a look at C<PERL_ANYEVENT_LOG>, which allows much more
2083complex specifications.
2084
2085When set to C<0> (C<off>), then no messages whatsoever will be logged with
2086the default logging settings.
2087
1933When set to C<1> or higher, causes AnyEvent to warn about unexpected 2088When set to C<5> or higher (C<warn>), causes AnyEvent to warn about
1934conditions, such as not being able to load the event model specified by 2089unexpected conditions, such as not being able to load the event model
1935C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>. 2090specified by C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>, or a guard callback throwing an
2091exception - this is the minimum recommended level.
1936 2092
1937When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event 2093When set to C<7> or higher (info), cause AnyEvent to report which event model it
1938model it chooses. 2094chooses.
1939 2095
1940When set to C<8> or higher, then AnyEvent will report extra information on 2096When set to C<8> or higher (debug), then AnyEvent will report extra information on
1941which optional modules it loads and how it implements certain features. 2097which optional modules it loads and how it implements certain features.
2098
2099=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_LOG>
2100
2101Accepts rather complex logging specifications. For example, you could log
2102all C<debug> messages of some module to stderr, warnings and above to
2103stderr, and errors and above to syslog, with:
2104
2105 PERL_ANYEVENT_LOG=Some::Module=debug,+log:filter=warn,+%syslog:%syslog=error,syslog
2106
2107For the rather extensive details, see L<AnyEvent::Log>.
2108
2109This variable is evaluated when AnyEvent (or L<AnyEvent::Log>) is loaded,
2110so will take effect even before AnyEvent has initialised itself.
2111
2112Note that specifying this environment variable causes the L<AnyEvent::Log>
2113module to be loaded, while C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE> does not, so only
2114using the latter saves a few hundred kB of memory until the first message
2115is being logged.
1942 2116
1943=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT> 2117=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT>
1944 2118
1945AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough 2119AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough
1946argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value 2120argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value
… …
1955C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while developing programs 2129C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while developing programs
1956can be very useful, however. 2130can be very useful, however.
1957 2131
1958=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_SHELL> 2132=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_SHELL>
1959 2133
1960If this env variable is set, then its contents will be 2134If this env variable is nonempty, then its contents will be interpreted by
1961interpreted by C<AnyEvent::Socket::parse_hostport> and an 2135C<AnyEvent::Socket::parse_hostport> and C<AnyEvent::Debug::shell> (after
1962C<AnyEvent::Debug::shell> is bound on that port. The shell object is saved 2136replacing every occurance of C<$$> by the process pid). The shell object
1963in C<$AnyEvent::Debug::SHELL>. 2137is saved in C<$AnyEvent::Debug::SHELL>.
2138
2139This happens when the first watcher is created.
1964 2140
1965For example, to bind a debug shell on a unix domain socket in 2141For example, to bind a debug shell on a unix domain socket in
1966F</tmp/debug.sock>, you could use this: 2142F<< /tmp/debug<pid>.sock >>, you could use this:
1967 2143
1968 PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_SHELL=unix/:/tmp/debug.sock perlprog 2144 PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_SHELL=/tmp/debug\$\$.sock perlprog
2145 # connect with e.g.: socat readline /tmp/debug123.sock
2146
2147Or to bind to tcp port 4545 on localhost:
2148
2149 PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_SHELL=127.0.0.1:4545 perlprog
2150 # connect with e.g.: telnet localhost 4545
2151
2152Note that creating sockets in F</tmp> or on localhost is very unsafe on
2153multiuser systems.
1969 2154
1970=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_WRAP> 2155=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_WRAP>
1971 2156
1972Can be set to C<0>, C<1> or C<2> and enables wrapping of all watchers for 2157Can be set to C<0>, C<1> or C<2> and enables wrapping of all watchers for
1973debugging purposes. See C<AnyEvent::Debug::wrap> for details. 2158debugging purposes. See C<AnyEvent::Debug::wrap> for details.
… …
2011but support both and try to use both. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv4> 2196but support both and try to use both. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv4>
2012- only support IPv4, never try to resolve or contact IPv6 2197- only support IPv4, never try to resolve or contact IPv6
2013addresses. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv6,ipv4> support either IPv4 or 2198addresses. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv6,ipv4> support either IPv4 or
2014IPv6, but prefer IPv6 over IPv4. 2199IPv6, but prefer IPv6 over IPv4.
2015 2200
2201=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_HOSTS>
2202
2203This variable, if specified, overrides the F</etc/hosts> file used by
2204L<AnyEvent::Socket>C<::resolve_sockaddr>, i.e. hosts aliases will be read
2205from that file instead.
2206
2016=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_EDNS0> 2207=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_EDNS0>
2017 2208
2018Used by L<AnyEvent::DNS> to decide whether to use the EDNS0 extension 2209Used by L<AnyEvent::DNS> to decide whether to use the EDNS0 extension for
2019for DNS. This extension is generally useful to reduce DNS traffic, but 2210DNS. This extension is generally useful to reduce DNS traffic, especially
2020some (broken) firewalls drop such DNS packets, which is why it is off by 2211when DNSSEC is involved, but some (broken) firewalls drop such DNS
2021default. 2212packets, which is why it is off by default.
2022 2213
2023Setting this variable to C<1> will cause L<AnyEvent::DNS> to announce 2214Setting this variable to C<1> will cause L<AnyEvent::DNS> to announce
2024EDNS0 in its DNS requests. 2215EDNS0 in its DNS requests.
2025 2216
2026=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS> 2217=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS>
… …
2032 2223
2033The default value for the C<max_outstanding> parameter for the default DNS 2224The default value for the C<max_outstanding> parameter for the default DNS
2034resolver - this is the maximum number of parallel DNS requests that are 2225resolver - this is the maximum number of parallel DNS requests that are
2035sent to the DNS server. 2226sent to the DNS server.
2036 2227
2228=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>
2229
2230Perl has inherently racy signal handling (you can basically choose between
2231losing signals and memory corruption) - pure perl event loops (including
2232C<AnyEvent::Loop>, when C<Async::Interrupt> isn't available) therefore
2233have to poll regularly to avoid losing signals.
2234
2235Some event loops are racy, but don't poll regularly, and some event loops
2236are written in C but are still racy. For those event loops, AnyEvent
2237installs a timer that regularly wakes up the event loop.
2238
2239By default, the interval for this timer is C<10> seconds, but you can
2240override this delay with this environment variable (or by setting
2241the C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> variable before creating signal
2242watchers).
2243
2244Lower values increase CPU (and energy) usage, higher values can introduce
2245long delays when reaping children or waiting for signals.
2246
2247The L<AnyEvent::Async> module, if available, will be used to avoid this
2248polling (with most event loops).
2249
2037=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_RESOLV_CONF> 2250=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_RESOLV_CONF>
2038 2251
2039The file to use instead of F</etc/resolv.conf> (or OS-specific 2252The absolute path to a F<resolv.conf>-style file to use instead of
2040configuration) in the default resolver. When set to the empty string, no 2253F</etc/resolv.conf> (or the OS-specific configuration) in the default
2041default config will be used. 2254resolver, or the empty string to select the default configuration.
2042 2255
2043=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_FILE>, C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_PATH>. 2256=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_FILE>, C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_PATH>.
2044 2257
2045When neither C<ca_file> nor C<ca_path> was specified during 2258When neither C<ca_file> nor C<ca_path> was specified during
2046L<AnyEvent::TLS> context creation, and either of these environment 2259L<AnyEvent::TLS> context creation, and either of these environment
2047variables exist, they will be used to specify CA certificate locations 2260variables are nonempty, they will be used to specify CA certificate
2048instead of a system-dependent default. 2261locations instead of a system-dependent default.
2049 2262
2050=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_GUARD> and C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT> 2263=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_GUARD> and C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT>
2051 2264
2052When these are set to C<1>, then the respective modules are not 2265When these are set to C<1>, then the respective modules are not
2053loaded. Mostly good for testing AnyEvent itself. 2266loaded. Mostly good for testing AnyEvent itself.
… …
2385(even when used without AnyEvent), but most event loops have acceptable 2598(even when used without AnyEvent), but most event loops have acceptable
2386performance with or without AnyEvent. 2599performance with or without AnyEvent.
2387 2600
2388=item * The overhead AnyEvent adds is usually much smaller than the overhead of 2601=item * The overhead AnyEvent adds is usually much smaller than the overhead of
2389the actual event loop, only with extremely fast event loops such as EV 2602the actual event loop, only with extremely fast event loops such as EV
2390adds AnyEvent significant overhead. 2603does AnyEvent add significant overhead.
2391 2604
2392=item * You should avoid POE like the plague if you want performance or 2605=item * You should avoid POE like the plague if you want performance or
2393reasonable memory usage. 2606reasonable memory usage.
2394 2607
2395=back 2608=back
… …
2770 2983
2771Tutorial/Introduction: L<AnyEvent::Intro>. 2984Tutorial/Introduction: L<AnyEvent::Intro>.
2772 2985
2773FAQ: L<AnyEvent::FAQ>. 2986FAQ: L<AnyEvent::FAQ>.
2774 2987
2775Utility functions: L<AnyEvent::Util>. 2988Utility functions: L<AnyEvent::Util> (misc. grab-bag), L<AnyEvent::Log>
2989(simply logging).
2776 2990
2991Development/Debugging: L<AnyEvent::Strict> (stricter checking),
2992L<AnyEvent::Debug> (interactive shell, watcher tracing).
2993
2777Event modules: L<AnyEvent::Loop>, L<EV>, L<EV::Glib>, L<Glib::EV>, 2994Supported event modules: L<AnyEvent::Loop>, L<EV>, L<EV::Glib>,
2778L<Event>, L<Glib::Event>, L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>. 2995L<Glib::EV>, L<Event>, L<Glib::Event>, L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>,
2996L<Qt>, L<POE>, L<FLTK>.
2779 2997
2780Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>, 2998Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>,
2781L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>, 2999L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>,
2782L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>, 3000L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>,
2783L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>, L<Anyevent::Impl::Irssi>. 3001L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>, L<Anyevent::Impl::Irssi>,
3002L<AnyEvent::Impl::FLTK>.
2784 3003
2785Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and 3004Non-blocking handles, pipes, stream sockets, TCP clients and
2786servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>. 3005servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>.
2787 3006
2788Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>. 3007Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>.
2789 3008
2790Thread support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>, L<Coro::Event>. 3009Thread support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>, L<Coro::Event>.

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