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Revision 1.146 by root, Fri May 30 21:38:46 2008 UTC vs.
Revision 1.167 by root, Tue Jul 8 23:44:51 2008 UTC

1=head1 => NAME 1=head1 NAME
2 2
3AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops 3AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops
4 4
5EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt, POE - various supported event loops 5EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt, POE - various supported event loops
6 6
… …
17 }); 17 });
18 18
19 my $w = AnyEvent->condvar; # stores whether a condition was flagged 19 my $w = AnyEvent->condvar; # stores whether a condition was flagged
20 $w->send; # wake up current and all future recv's 20 $w->send; # wake up current and all future recv's
21 $w->recv; # enters "main loop" till $condvar gets ->send 21 $w->recv; # enters "main loop" till $condvar gets ->send
22
23=head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL
24
25This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested
26in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the
27L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage.
22 28
23=head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT) 29=head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT)
24 30
25Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen 31Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen
26nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent? 32nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent?
… …
132Many watchers either are used with "recursion" (repeating timers for 138Many watchers either are used with "recursion" (repeating timers for
133example), or need to refer to their watcher object in other ways. 139example), or need to refer to their watcher object in other ways.
134 140
135An any way to achieve that is this pattern: 141An any way to achieve that is this pattern:
136 142
137 my $w; $w = AnyEvent->type (arg => value ..., cb => sub { 143 my $w; $w = AnyEvent->type (arg => value ..., cb => sub {
138 # you can use $w here, for example to undef it 144 # you can use $w here, for example to undef it
139 undef $w; 145 undef $w;
140 }); 146 });
141 147
142Note that C<my $w; $w => combination. This is necessary because in Perl, 148Note that C<my $w; $w => combination. This is necessary because in Perl,
143my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are 149my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are
144declared. 150declared.
145 151
146=head2 I/O WATCHERS 152=head2 I/O WATCHERS
147 153
148You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method 154You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method
149with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments: 155with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:
150 156
151C<fh> the Perl I<file handle> (I<not> file descriptor) to watch 157C<fh> the Perl I<file handle> (I<not> file descriptor) to watch for events
152for events. C<poll> must be a string that is either C<r> or C<w>, 158(AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file handle). C<poll>
153which creates a watcher waiting for "r"eadable or "w"ritable events, 159must be a string that is either C<r> or C<w>, which creates a watcher
154respectively. C<cb> is the callback to invoke each time the file handle 160waiting for "r"eadable or "w"ritable events, respectively. C<cb> is the
155becomes ready. 161callback to invoke each time the file handle becomes ready.
156 162
157Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and 163Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and
158presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent 164presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent
159callbacks cannot use arguments passed to I/O watcher callbacks. 165callbacks cannot use arguments passed to I/O watcher callbacks.
160 166
… …
164 170
165Some event loops issue spurious readyness notifications, so you should 171Some event loops issue spurious readyness notifications, so you should
166always use non-blocking calls when reading/writing from/to your file 172always use non-blocking calls when reading/writing from/to your file
167handles. 173handles.
168 174
169Example:
170
171 # wait for readability of STDIN, then read a line and disable the watcher 175Example: wait for readability of STDIN, then read a line and disable the
176watcher.
177
172 my $w; $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => \*STDIN, poll => 'r', cb => sub { 178 my $w; $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => \*STDIN, poll => 'r', cb => sub {
173 chomp (my $input = <STDIN>); 179 chomp (my $input = <STDIN>);
174 warn "read: $input\n"; 180 warn "read: $input\n";
175 undef $w; 181 undef $w;
176 }); 182 });
… …
186 192
187Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and 193Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and
188presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent 194presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent
189callbacks cannot use arguments passed to time watcher callbacks. 195callbacks cannot use arguments passed to time watcher callbacks.
190 196
191The timer callback will be invoked at most once: if you want a repeating 197The callback will normally be invoked once only. If you specify another
192timer you have to create a new watcher (this is a limitation by both Tk 198parameter, C<interval>, as a strictly positive number (> 0), then the
193and Glib). 199callback will be invoked regularly at that interval (in fractional
200seconds) after the first invocation. If C<interval> is specified with a
201false value, then it is treated as if it were missing.
194 202
195Example: 203The callback will be rescheduled before invoking the callback, but no
204attempt is done to avoid timer drift in most backends, so the interval is
205only approximate.
196 206
197 # fire an event after 7.7 seconds 207Example: fire an event after 7.7 seconds.
208
198 my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 7.7, cb => sub { 209 my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 7.7, cb => sub {
199 warn "timeout\n"; 210 warn "timeout\n";
200 }); 211 });
201 212
202 # to cancel the timer: 213 # to cancel the timer:
203 undef $w; 214 undef $w;
204 215
205Example 2:
206
207 # fire an event after 0.5 seconds, then roughly every second 216Example 2: fire an event after 0.5 seconds, then roughly every second.
208 my $w;
209 217
210 my $cb = sub {
211 # cancel the old timer while creating a new one
212 $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 1, cb => $cb); 218 my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 0.5, interval => 1, cb => sub {
219 warn "timeout\n";
213 }; 220 };
214
215 # start the "loop" by creating the first watcher
216 $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 0.5, cb => $cb);
217 221
218=head3 TIMING ISSUES 222=head3 TIMING ISSUES
219 223
220There are two ways to handle timers: based on real time (relative, "fire 224There are two ways to handle timers: based on real time (relative, "fire
221in 10 seconds") and based on wallclock time (absolute, "fire at 12 225in 10 seconds") and based on wallclock time (absolute, "fire at 12
… …
299=back 303=back
300 304
301=head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS 305=head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS
302 306
303You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal 307You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal
304I<name> without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl callback to 308I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl
305be invoked whenever a signal occurs. 309callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs.
306 310
307Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and 311Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and
308presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent 312presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent
309callbacks cannot use arguments passed to signal watcher callbacks. 313callbacks cannot use arguments passed to signal watcher callbacks.
310 314
… …
346AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one watcher before you 350AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one watcher before you
347C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call C<AnyEvent::detect>). 351C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call C<AnyEvent::detect>).
348 352
349Example: fork a process and wait for it 353Example: fork a process and wait for it
350 354
351 my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; 355 my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;
352 356
353 my $pid = fork or exit 5; 357 my $pid = fork or exit 5;
354 358
355 my $w = AnyEvent->child ( 359 my $w = AnyEvent->child (
356 pid => $pid, 360 pid => $pid,
357 cb => sub { 361 cb => sub {
358 my ($pid, $status) = @_; 362 my ($pid, $status) = @_;
359 warn "pid $pid exited with status $status"; 363 warn "pid $pid exited with status $status";
360 $done->send; 364 $done->send;
361 }, 365 },
362 ); 366 );
363 367
364 # do something else, then wait for process exit 368 # do something else, then wait for process exit
365 $done->recv; 369 $done->recv;
366 370
367=head2 CONDITION VARIABLES 371=head2 CONDITION VARIABLES
368 372
369If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them 373If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them
370require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that 374require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that
… …
591 595
592This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally 596This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally
593replaces it before doing so. 597replaces it before doing so.
594 598
595The callback will be called when the condition becomes "true", i.e. when 599The callback will be called when the condition becomes "true", i.e. when
596C<send> or C<croak> are called. Calling C<recv> inside the callback 600C<send> or C<croak> are called, with the only argument being the condition
597or at any later time is guaranteed not to block. 601variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time
602is guaranteed not to block.
598 603
599=back 604=back
600 605
601=head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS 606=head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS
602 607
… …
731=item L<AnyEvent::Util> 736=item L<AnyEvent::Util>
732 737
733Contains various utility functions that replace often-used but blocking 738Contains various utility functions that replace often-used but blocking
734functions such as C<inet_aton> by event-/callback-based versions. 739functions such as C<inet_aton> by event-/callback-based versions.
735 740
736=item L<AnyEvent::Handle>
737
738Provide read and write buffers and manages watchers for reads and writes.
739
740=item L<AnyEvent::Socket> 741=item L<AnyEvent::Socket>
741 742
742Provides various utility functions for (internet protocol) sockets, 743Provides various utility functions for (internet protocol) sockets,
743addresses and name resolution. Also functions to create non-blocking tcp 744addresses and name resolution. Also functions to create non-blocking tcp
744connections or tcp servers, with IPv6 and SRV record support and more. 745connections or tcp servers, with IPv6 and SRV record support and more.
745 746
747=item L<AnyEvent::Handle>
748
749Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes,
750supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and
751non-blocking SSL/TLS.
752
746=item L<AnyEvent::DNS> 753=item L<AnyEvent::DNS>
747 754
748Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities. 755Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities.
749 756
757=item L<AnyEvent::HTTP>
758
759A simple-to-use HTTP library that is capable of making a lot of concurrent
760HTTP requests.
761
750=item L<AnyEvent::HTTPD> 762=item L<AnyEvent::HTTPD>
751 763
752Provides a simple web application server framework. 764Provides a simple web application server framework.
753 765
754=item L<AnyEvent::FastPing> 766=item L<AnyEvent::FastPing>
755 767
756The fastest ping in the west. 768The fastest ping in the west.
769
770=item L<AnyEvent::DBI>
771
772Executes L<DBI> requests asynchronously in a proxy process.
773
774=item L<AnyEvent::AIO>
775
776Truly asynchronous I/O, should be in the toolbox of every event
777programmer. AnyEvent::AIO transparently fuses L<IO::AIO> and AnyEvent
778together.
779
780=item L<AnyEvent::BDB>
781
782Truly asynchronous Berkeley DB access. AnyEvent::BDB transparently fuses
783L<BDB> and AnyEvent together.
784
785=item L<AnyEvent::GPSD>
786
787A non-blocking interface to gpsd, a daemon delivering GPS information.
788
789=item L<AnyEvent::IGS>
790
791A non-blocking interface to the Internet Go Server protocol (used by
792L<App::IGS>).
757 793
758=item L<Net::IRC3> 794=item L<Net::IRC3>
759 795
760AnyEvent based IRC client module family. 796AnyEvent based IRC client module family.
761 797
… …
774 810
775=item L<Coro> 811=item L<Coro>
776 812
777Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>. 813Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>.
778 814
779=item L<AnyEvent::AIO>, L<IO::AIO>
780
781Truly asynchronous I/O, should be in the toolbox of every event
782programmer. AnyEvent::AIO transparently fuses IO::AIO and AnyEvent
783together.
784
785=item L<AnyEvent::BDB>, L<BDB>
786
787Truly asynchronous Berkeley DB access. AnyEvent::AIO transparently fuses
788IO::AIO and AnyEvent together.
789
790=item L<IO::Lambda> 815=item L<IO::Lambda>
791 816
792The lambda approach to I/O - don't ask, look there. Can use AnyEvent. 817The lambda approach to I/O - don't ask, look there. Can use AnyEvent.
793 818
794=back 819=back
… …
800no warnings; 825no warnings;
801use strict; 826use strict;
802 827
803use Carp; 828use Carp;
804 829
805our $VERSION = 4.1; 830our $VERSION = 4.2;
806our $MODEL; 831our $MODEL;
807 832
808our $AUTOLOAD; 833our $AUTOLOAD;
809our @ISA; 834our @ISA;
810 835
… …
913 $MODEL 938 $MODEL
914 or die "No event module selected for AnyEvent and autodetect failed. Install any one of these modules: EV, Event or Glib."; 939 or die "No event module selected for AnyEvent and autodetect failed. Install any one of these modules: EV, Event or Glib.";
915 } 940 }
916 } 941 }
917 942
918 unshift @ISA, $MODEL;
919 push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base"; 943 push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base";
944
945 if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT}) {
946 unshift @AnyEvent::Base::Strict::ISA, $MODEL;
947 unshift @ISA, AnyEvent::Base::Strict::
948 } else {
949 unshift @ISA, $MODEL;
950 }
920 951
921 (shift @post_detect)->() while @post_detect; 952 (shift @post_detect)->() while @post_detect;
922 } 953 }
923 954
924 $MODEL 955 $MODEL
… …
972sub AnyEvent::Base::Signal::DESTROY { 1003sub AnyEvent::Base::Signal::DESTROY {
973 my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; 1004 my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
974 1005
975 delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb}; 1006 delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};
976 1007
977 $SIG{$signal} = 'DEFAULT' unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} }; 1008 delete $SIG{$signal} unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };
978} 1009}
979 1010
980# default implementation for ->child 1011# default implementation for ->child
981 1012
982our %PID_CB; 1013our %PID_CB;
… …
1090 1121
1091# undocumented/compatibility with pre-3.4 1122# undocumented/compatibility with pre-3.4
1092*broadcast = \&send; 1123*broadcast = \&send;
1093*wait = \&_wait; 1124*wait = \&_wait;
1094 1125
1126package AnyEvent::Base::Strict;
1127
1128use Carp qw(croak);
1129
1130# supply checks for argument validity for many functions
1131
1132sub io {
1133 my $class = shift;
1134 my %arg = @_;
1135
1136 ref $arg{cb}
1137 or croak "AnyEvent->io called with illegal cb argument '$arg{cb}'";
1138 delete $arg{cb};
1139
1140 fileno $arg{fh}
1141 or croak "AnyEvent->io called with illegal fh argument '$arg{fh}'";
1142 delete $arg{fh};
1143
1144 $arg{poll} =~ /^[rw]$/
1145 or croak "AnyEvent->io called with illegal poll argument '$arg{poll}'";
1146 delete $arg{poll};
1147
1148 croak "AnyEvent->io called with unsupported parameter(s) " . join ", ", keys %arg
1149 if keys %arg;
1150
1151 $class->SUPER::io (@_)
1152}
1153
1154sub timer {
1155 my $class = shift;
1156 my %arg = @_;
1157
1158 ref $arg{cb}
1159 or croak "AnyEvent->timer called with illegal cb argument '$arg{cb}'";
1160 delete $arg{cb};
1161
1162 exists $arg{after}
1163 or croak "AnyEvent->timer called without mandatory 'after' parameter";
1164 delete $arg{after};
1165
1166 $arg{interval} > 0 || !$arg{interval}
1167 or croak "AnyEvent->timer called with illegal interval argument '$arg{interval}'";
1168 delete $arg{interval};
1169
1170 croak "AnyEvent->timer called with unsupported parameter(s) " . join ", ", keys %arg
1171 if keys %arg;
1172
1173 $class->SUPER::timer (@_)
1174}
1175
1176sub signal {
1177 my $class = shift;
1178 my %arg = @_;
1179
1180 ref $arg{cb}
1181 or croak "AnyEvent->signal called with illegal cb argument '$arg{cb}'";
1182 delete $arg{cb};
1183
1184 eval "require POSIX; defined &POSIX::SIG$arg{signal}"
1185 or croak "AnyEvent->signal called with illegal signal name '$arg{signal}'";
1186 delete $arg{signal};
1187
1188 croak "AnyEvent->signal called with unsupported parameter(s) " . join ", ", keys %arg
1189 if keys %arg;
1190
1191 $class->SUPER::signal (@_)
1192}
1193
1194sub child {
1195 my $class = shift;
1196 my %arg = @_;
1197
1198 ref $arg{cb}
1199 or croak "AnyEvent->signal called with illegal cb argument '$arg{cb}'";
1200 delete $arg{cb};
1201
1202 $arg{pid} =~ /^-?\d+$/
1203 or croak "AnyEvent->signal called with illegal pid value '$arg{pid}'";
1204 delete $arg{pid};
1205
1206 croak "AnyEvent->signal called with unsupported parameter(s) " . join ", ", keys %arg
1207 if keys %arg;
1208
1209 $class->SUPER::child (@_)
1210}
1211
1212sub condvar {
1213 my $class = shift;
1214 my %arg = @_;
1215
1216 !exists $arg{cb} or ref $arg{cb}
1217 or croak "AnyEvent->condvar called with illegal cb argument '$arg{cb}'";
1218 delete $arg{cb};
1219
1220 croak "AnyEvent->condvar called with unsupported parameter(s) " . join ", ", keys %arg
1221 if keys %arg;
1222
1223 $class->SUPER::condvar (@_)
1224}
1225
1226sub time {
1227 my $class = shift;
1228
1229 @_
1230 and croak "AnyEvent->time wrongly called with paramaters";
1231
1232 $class->SUPER::time (@_)
1233}
1234
1235sub now {
1236 my $class = shift;
1237
1238 @_
1239 and croak "AnyEvent->now wrongly called with paramaters";
1240
1241 $class->SUPER::now (@_)
1242}
1243
1095=head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE 1244=head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE
1096 1245
1097This is an advanced topic that you do not normally need to use AnyEvent in 1246This is an advanced topic that you do not normally need to use AnyEvent in
1098a module. This section is only of use to event loop authors who want to 1247a module. This section is only of use to event loop authors who want to
1099provide AnyEvent compatibility. 1248provide AnyEvent compatibility.
… …
1152C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>. 1301C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>.
1153 1302
1154When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event 1303When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event
1155model it chooses. 1304model it chooses.
1156 1305
1306=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT>
1307
1308AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough
1309argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value
1310will cause AnyEvent to thoroughly check the arguments passed to most
1311method calls and croaks if it finds any problems. In other words, enables
1312"strict" mode. Unlike C<use strict> it is definitely recommended ot keep
1313it off in production.
1314
1157=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL> 1315=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>
1158 1316
1159This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before 1317This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before
1160auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting 1318auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting
1161entirely of ASCII letters. The string C<AnyEvent::Impl::> gets prepended 1319entirely of ASCII letters. The string C<AnyEvent::Impl::> gets prepended
… …
1166This functionality might change in future versions. 1324This functionality might change in future versions.
1167 1325
1168For example, to force the pure perl model (L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) you 1326For example, to force the pure perl model (L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) you
1169could start your program like this: 1327could start your program like this:
1170 1328
1171 PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL=Perl perl ... 1329 PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL=Perl perl ...
1172 1330
1173=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS> 1331=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS>
1174 1332
1175Used by both L<AnyEvent::DNS> and L<AnyEvent::Socket> to determine preferences 1333Used by both L<AnyEvent::DNS> and L<AnyEvent::Socket> to determine preferences
1176for IPv4 or IPv6. The default is unspecified (and might change, or be the result 1334for IPv4 or IPv6. The default is unspecified (and might change, or be the result
… …
1651specified in the variable. 1809specified in the variable.
1652 1810
1653You can make AnyEvent completely ignore this variable by deleting it 1811You can make AnyEvent completely ignore this variable by deleting it
1654before the first watcher gets created, e.g. with a C<BEGIN> block: 1812before the first watcher gets created, e.g. with a C<BEGIN> block:
1655 1813
1656 BEGIN { delete $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} } 1814 BEGIN { delete $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} }
1657 1815
1658 use AnyEvent; 1816 use AnyEvent;
1659 1817
1660Similar considerations apply to $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}, as that can 1818Similar considerations apply to $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}, as that can
1661be used to probe what backend is used and gain other information (which is 1819be used to probe what backend is used and gain other information (which is
1662probably even less useful to an attacker than PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL). 1820probably even less useful to an attacker than PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL), and
1821$ENV{PERL_ANYEGENT_STRICT}.
1822
1823
1824=head1 BUGS
1825
1826Perl 5.8 has numerous memleaks that sometimes hit this module and are hard
1827to work around. If you suffer from memleaks, first upgrade to Perl 5.10
1828and check wether the leaks still show up. (Perl 5.10.0 has other annoying
1829mamleaks, such as leaking on C<map> and C<grep> but it is usually not as
1830pronounced).
1663 1831
1664 1832
1665=head1 SEE ALSO 1833=head1 SEE ALSO
1666 1834
1667Utility functions: L<AnyEvent::Util>. 1835Utility functions: L<AnyEvent::Util>.
… …
1684Nontrivial usage examples: L<Net::FCP>, L<Net::XMPP2>, L<AnyEvent::DNS>. 1852Nontrivial usage examples: L<Net::FCP>, L<Net::XMPP2>, L<AnyEvent::DNS>.
1685 1853
1686 1854
1687=head1 AUTHOR 1855=head1 AUTHOR
1688 1856
1689 Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> 1857 Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
1690 http://home.schmorp.de/ 1858 http://home.schmorp.de/
1691 1859
1692=cut 1860=cut
1693 1861
16941 18621
1695 1863

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