1 | =head1 NAME |
1 | =head1 NAME |
2 | |
2 | |
3 | AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops |
3 | AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops |
4 | |
4 | |
5 | EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt, POE - various supported event loops |
5 | EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt and POE are various supported |
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6 | event loops. |
6 | |
7 | |
7 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
8 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
8 | |
9 | |
9 | use AnyEvent; |
10 | use AnyEvent; |
10 | |
11 | |
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12 | # file descriptor readable |
11 | my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r|w", cb => sub { ... }); |
13 | my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r", cb => sub { ... }); |
12 | |
14 | |
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15 | # one-shot or repeating timers |
13 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { ... }); |
16 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { ... }); |
14 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, interval => $seconds, cb => ... |
17 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, interval => $seconds, cb => ... |
15 | |
18 | |
16 | print AnyEvent->now; # prints current event loop time |
19 | print AnyEvent->now; # prints current event loop time |
17 | print AnyEvent->time; # think Time::HiRes::time or simply CORE::time. |
20 | print AnyEvent->time; # think Time::HiRes::time or simply CORE::time. |
18 | |
21 | |
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22 | # POSIX signal |
19 | my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "TERM", cb => sub { ... }); |
23 | my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "TERM", cb => sub { ... }); |
20 | |
24 | |
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25 | # child process exit |
21 | my $w = AnyEvent->child (pid => $pid, cb => sub { |
26 | my $w = AnyEvent->child (pid => $pid, cb => sub { |
22 | my ($pid, $status) = @_; |
27 | my ($pid, $status) = @_; |
23 | ... |
28 | ... |
24 | }); |
29 | }); |
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30 | |
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31 | # called when event loop idle (if applicable) |
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32 | my $w = AnyEvent->idle (cb => sub { ... }); |
25 | |
33 | |
26 | my $w = AnyEvent->condvar; # stores whether a condition was flagged |
34 | my $w = AnyEvent->condvar; # stores whether a condition was flagged |
27 | $w->send; # wake up current and all future recv's |
35 | $w->send; # wake up current and all future recv's |
28 | $w->recv; # enters "main loop" till $condvar gets ->send |
36 | $w->recv; # enters "main loop" till $condvar gets ->send |
29 | # use a condvar in callback mode: |
37 | # use a condvar in callback mode: |
… | |
… | |
137 | These watchers are normal Perl objects with normal Perl lifetime. After |
145 | These watchers are normal Perl objects with normal Perl lifetime. After |
138 | creating a watcher it will immediately "watch" for events and invoke the |
146 | creating a watcher it will immediately "watch" for events and invoke the |
139 | callback when the event occurs (of course, only when the event model |
147 | callback when the event occurs (of course, only when the event model |
140 | is in control). |
148 | is in control). |
141 | |
149 | |
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150 | Note that B<callbacks must not permanently change global variables> |
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151 | potentially in use by the event loop (such as C<$_> or C<$[>) and that B<< |
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152 | callbacks must not C<die> >>. The former is good programming practise in |
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153 | Perl and the latter stems from the fact that exception handling differs |
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154 | widely between event loops. |
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155 | |
142 | To disable the watcher you have to destroy it (e.g. by setting the |
156 | To disable the watcher you have to destroy it (e.g. by setting the |
143 | variable you store it in to C<undef> or otherwise deleting all references |
157 | variable you store it in to C<undef> or otherwise deleting all references |
144 | to it). |
158 | to it). |
145 | |
159 | |
146 | All watchers are created by calling a method on the C<AnyEvent> class. |
160 | All watchers are created by calling a method on the C<AnyEvent> class. |
… | |
… | |
162 | =head2 I/O WATCHERS |
176 | =head2 I/O WATCHERS |
163 | |
177 | |
164 | You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method |
178 | You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method |
165 | with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments: |
179 | with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments: |
166 | |
180 | |
167 | C<fh> the Perl I<file handle> (I<not> file descriptor) to watch for events |
181 | C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (I<not> file descriptor) to watch |
168 | (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file handle). C<poll> |
182 | for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file |
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183 | handle). Note that only file handles pointing to things for which |
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184 | non-blocking operation makes sense are allowed. This includes sockets, |
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185 | most character devices, pipes, fifos and so on, but not for example files |
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186 | or block devices. |
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187 | |
169 | must be a string that is either C<r> or C<w>, which creates a watcher |
188 | C<poll> must be a string that is either C<r> or C<w>, which creates a |
170 | waiting for "r"eadable or "w"ritable events, respectively. C<cb> is the |
189 | watcher waiting for "r"eadable or "w"ritable events, respectively. |
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190 | |
171 | callback to invoke each time the file handle becomes ready. |
191 | C<cb> is the callback to invoke each time the file handle becomes ready. |
172 | |
192 | |
173 | Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and |
193 | Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and |
174 | presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent |
194 | presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent |
175 | callbacks cannot use arguments passed to I/O watcher callbacks. |
195 | callbacks cannot use arguments passed to I/O watcher callbacks. |
176 | |
196 | |
… | |
… | |
308 | In either case, if you care (and in most cases, you don't), then you |
328 | In either case, if you care (and in most cases, you don't), then you |
309 | can get whatever behaviour you want with any event loop, by taking the |
329 | can get whatever behaviour you want with any event loop, by taking the |
310 | difference between C<< AnyEvent->time >> and C<< AnyEvent->now >> into |
330 | difference between C<< AnyEvent->time >> and C<< AnyEvent->now >> into |
311 | account. |
331 | account. |
312 | |
332 | |
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333 | =item AnyEvent->now_update |
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334 | |
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335 | Some event loops (such as L<EV> or L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) cache |
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336 | the current time for each loop iteration (see the discussion of L<< |
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337 | AnyEvent->now >>, above). |
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338 | |
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339 | When a callback runs for a long time (or when the process sleeps), then |
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340 | this "current" time will differ substantially from the real time, which |
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341 | might affect timers and time-outs. |
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342 | |
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343 | When this is the case, you can call this method, which will update the |
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344 | event loop's idea of "current time". |
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345 | |
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346 | Note that updating the time I<might> cause some events to be handled. |
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347 | |
313 | =back |
348 | =back |
314 | |
349 | |
315 | =head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS |
350 | =head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS |
316 | |
351 | |
317 | You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal |
352 | You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal |
… | |
… | |
357 | |
392 | |
358 | There is a slight catch to child watchers, however: you usually start them |
393 | There is a slight catch to child watchers, however: you usually start them |
359 | I<after> the child process was created, and this means the process could |
394 | I<after> the child process was created, and this means the process could |
360 | have exited already (and no SIGCHLD will be sent anymore). |
395 | have exited already (and no SIGCHLD will be sent anymore). |
361 | |
396 | |
362 | Not all event models handle this correctly (POE doesn't), but even for |
397 | Not all event models handle this correctly (neither POE nor IO::Async do, |
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398 | see their AnyEvent::Impl manpages for details), but even for event models |
363 | event models that I<do> handle this correctly, they usually need to be |
399 | that I<do> handle this correctly, they usually need to be loaded before |
364 | loaded before the process exits (i.e. before you fork in the first place). |
400 | the process exits (i.e. before you fork in the first place). AnyEvent's |
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401 | pure perl event loop handles all cases correctly regardless of when you |
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402 | start the watcher. |
365 | |
403 | |
366 | This means you cannot create a child watcher as the very first thing in an |
404 | This means you cannot create a child watcher as the very first |
367 | AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one watcher before you |
405 | thing in an AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one |
368 | C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call C<AnyEvent::detect>). |
406 | watcher before you C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call |
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407 | C<AnyEvent::detect>). |
369 | |
408 | |
370 | Example: fork a process and wait for it |
409 | Example: fork a process and wait for it |
371 | |
410 | |
372 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
411 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
373 | |
412 | |
… | |
… | |
383 | ); |
422 | ); |
384 | |
423 | |
385 | # do something else, then wait for process exit |
424 | # do something else, then wait for process exit |
386 | $done->recv; |
425 | $done->recv; |
387 | |
426 | |
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427 | =head2 IDLE WATCHERS |
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428 | |
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429 | Sometimes there is a need to do something, but it is not so important |
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430 | to do it instantly, but only when there is nothing better to do. This |
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431 | "nothing better to do" is usually defined to be "no other events need |
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432 | attention by the event loop". |
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433 | |
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434 | Idle watchers ideally get invoked when the event loop has nothing |
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435 | better to do, just before it would block the process to wait for new |
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436 | events. Instead of blocking, the idle watcher is invoked. |
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437 | |
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438 | Most event loops unfortunately do not really support idle watchers (only |
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439 | EV, Event and Glib do it in a usable fashion) - for the rest, AnyEvent |
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440 | will simply call the callback "from time to time". |
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441 | |
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442 | Example: read lines from STDIN, but only process them when the |
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443 | program is otherwise idle: |
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444 | |
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445 | my @lines; # read data |
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446 | my $idle_w; |
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447 | my $io_w = AnyEvent->io (fh => \*STDIN, poll => 'r', cb => sub { |
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448 | push @lines, scalar <STDIN>; |
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449 | |
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450 | # start an idle watcher, if not already done |
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451 | $idle_w ||= AnyEvent->idle (cb => sub { |
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452 | # handle only one line, when there are lines left |
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453 | if (my $line = shift @lines) { |
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454 | print "handled when idle: $line"; |
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455 | } else { |
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456 | # otherwise disable the idle watcher again |
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457 | undef $idle_w; |
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458 | } |
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459 | }); |
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460 | }); |
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461 | |
388 | =head2 CONDITION VARIABLES |
462 | =head2 CONDITION VARIABLES |
389 | |
463 | |
390 | If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them |
464 | If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them |
391 | require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that |
465 | require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that |
392 | will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks. |
466 | will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks. |
… | |
… | |
525 | |
599 | |
526 | =item $cv->begin ([group callback]) |
600 | =item $cv->begin ([group callback]) |
527 | |
601 | |
528 | =item $cv->end |
602 | =item $cv->end |
529 | |
603 | |
530 | These two methods are EXPERIMENTAL and MIGHT CHANGE. |
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531 | |
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532 | These two methods can be used to combine many transactions/events into |
604 | These two methods can be used to combine many transactions/events into |
533 | one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want |
605 | one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want |
534 | to use a condition variable for the whole process. |
606 | to use a condition variable for the whole process. |
535 | |
607 | |
536 | Every call to C<< ->begin >> will increment a counter, and every call to |
608 | Every call to C<< ->begin >> will increment a counter, and every call to |
537 | C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end |
609 | C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end |
538 | >>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback |
610 | >>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback |
539 | is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no |
611 | is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no |
540 | callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments. |
612 | callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments. |
541 | |
613 | |
542 | Let's clarify this with the ping example: |
614 | You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call |
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615 | sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND |
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616 | condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends). |
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617 | |
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618 | Let's start with a simple example: you have two I/O watchers (for example, |
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619 | STDOUT and STDERR for a program), and you want to wait for both streams to |
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620 | close before activating a condvar: |
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621 | |
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622 | my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
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623 | |
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624 | $cv->begin; # first watcher |
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625 | my $w1 = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh1, cb => sub { |
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626 | defined sysread $fh1, my $buf, 4096 |
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627 | or $cv->end; |
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628 | }); |
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629 | |
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630 | $cv->begin; # second watcher |
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631 | my $w2 = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh2, cb => sub { |
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632 | defined sysread $fh2, my $buf, 4096 |
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633 | or $cv->end; |
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634 | }); |
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635 | |
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636 | $cv->recv; |
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637 | |
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638 | This works because for every event source (EOF on file handle), there is |
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639 | one call to C<begin>, so the condvar waits for all calls to C<end> before |
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640 | sending. |
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641 | |
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642 | The ping example mentioned above is slightly more complicated, as the |
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643 | there are results to be passwd back, and the number of tasks that are |
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644 | begung can potentially be zero: |
543 | |
645 | |
544 | my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
646 | my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
545 | |
647 | |
546 | my %result; |
648 | my %result; |
547 | $cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) }); |
649 | $cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) }); |
… | |
… | |
567 | loop, which serves two important purposes: first, it sets the callback |
669 | loop, which serves two important purposes: first, it sets the callback |
568 | to be called once the counter reaches C<0>, and second, it ensures that |
670 | to be called once the counter reaches C<0>, and second, it ensures that |
569 | C<send> is called even when C<no> hosts are being pinged (the loop |
671 | C<send> is called even when C<no> hosts are being pinged (the loop |
570 | doesn't execute once). |
672 | doesn't execute once). |
571 | |
673 | |
572 | This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple subrequests: |
674 | This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple (but |
573 | use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set the callback and ensure C<end> |
675 | potentially none) subrequests: use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set |
574 | is called at least once, and then, for each subrequest you start, call |
676 | the callback and ensure C<end> is called at least once, and then, for each |
575 | C<begin> and for each subrequest you finish, call C<end>. |
677 | subrequest you start, call C<begin> and for each subrequest you finish, |
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678 | call C<end>. |
576 | |
679 | |
577 | =back |
680 | =back |
578 | |
681 | |
579 | =head3 METHODS FOR CONSUMERS |
682 | =head3 METHODS FOR CONSUMERS |
580 | |
683 | |
… | |
… | |
660 | AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very bad choice. |
763 | AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very bad choice. |
661 | AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt, cannot be autoprobed (see its docs). |
764 | AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt, cannot be autoprobed (see its docs). |
662 | AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse. |
765 | AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse. |
663 | AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, not generic enough for full support. |
766 | AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, not generic enough for full support. |
664 | |
767 | |
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768 | # warning, support for IO::Async is only partial, as it is too broken |
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769 | # and limited toe ven support the AnyEvent API. See AnyEvent::Impl::Async. |
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770 | AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync based on IO::Async, cannot be autoprobed (see its docs). |
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771 | |
665 | There is no support for WxWidgets, as WxWidgets has no support for |
772 | There is no support for WxWidgets, as WxWidgets has no support for |
666 | watching file handles. However, you can use WxWidgets through the |
773 | watching file handles. However, you can use WxWidgets through the |
667 | POE Adaptor, as POE has a Wx backend that simply polls 20 times per |
774 | POE Adaptor, as POE has a Wx backend that simply polls 20 times per |
668 | second, which was considered to be too horrible to even consider for |
775 | second, which was considered to be too horrible to even consider for |
669 | AnyEvent. Likewise, other POE backends can be used by AnyEvent by using |
776 | AnyEvent. Likewise, other POE backends can be used by AnyEvent by using |
… | |
… | |
861 | no warnings; |
968 | no warnings; |
862 | use strict qw(vars subs); |
969 | use strict qw(vars subs); |
863 | |
970 | |
864 | use Carp; |
971 | use Carp; |
865 | |
972 | |
866 | our $VERSION = 4.3; |
973 | our $VERSION = 4.8; |
867 | our $MODEL; |
974 | our $MODEL; |
868 | |
975 | |
869 | our $AUTOLOAD; |
976 | our $AUTOLOAD; |
870 | our @ISA; |
977 | our @ISA; |
871 | |
978 | |
872 | our @REGISTRY; |
979 | our @REGISTRY; |
873 | |
980 | |
874 | our $WIN32; |
981 | our $WIN32; |
875 | |
982 | |
876 | BEGIN { |
983 | BEGIN { |
877 | my $win32 = ! ! ($^O =~ /mswin32/i); |
984 | eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }"; |
878 | eval "sub WIN32(){ $win32 }"; |
985 | eval "sub TAINT(){ " . (${^TAINT}*1) . " }"; |
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986 | |
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987 | delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV} |
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988 | if ${^TAINT}; |
879 | } |
989 | } |
880 | |
990 | |
881 | our $verbose = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1; |
991 | our $verbose = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1; |
882 | |
992 | |
883 | our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4|ipv6) => (1|2), higher numbers are preferred |
993 | our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4|ipv6) => (1|2), higher numbers are preferred |
… | |
… | |
901 | [Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy |
1011 | [Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy |
902 | [Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program |
1012 | [Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program |
903 | [POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza |
1013 | [POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza |
904 | [Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
1014 | [Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
905 | [Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
1015 | [Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
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1016 | # IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workaorunds for its |
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1017 | # byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others. |
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1018 | # IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any |
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1019 | # obvious default class. |
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1020 | # [IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program |
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1021 | # [IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program |
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1022 | # [IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program |
906 | ); |
1023 | ); |
907 | |
1024 | |
908 | our %method = map +($_ => 1), qw(io timer time now signal child condvar one_event DESTROY); |
1025 | our %method = map +($_ => 1), |
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1026 | qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY); |
909 | |
1027 | |
910 | our @post_detect; |
1028 | our @post_detect; |
911 | |
1029 | |
912 | sub post_detect(&) { |
1030 | sub post_detect(&) { |
913 | my ($cb) = @_; |
1031 | my ($cb) = @_; |
… | |
… | |
918 | 1 |
1036 | 1 |
919 | } else { |
1037 | } else { |
920 | push @post_detect, $cb; |
1038 | push @post_detect, $cb; |
921 | |
1039 | |
922 | defined wantarray |
1040 | defined wantarray |
923 | ? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::PostDetect" |
1041 | ? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect" |
924 | : () |
1042 | : () |
925 | } |
1043 | } |
926 | } |
1044 | } |
927 | |
1045 | |
928 | sub AnyEvent::Util::PostDetect::DESTROY { |
1046 | sub AnyEvent::Util::postdetect::DESTROY { |
929 | @post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect; |
1047 | @post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect; |
930 | } |
1048 | } |
931 | |
1049 | |
932 | sub detect() { |
1050 | sub detect() { |
933 | unless ($MODEL) { |
1051 | unless ($MODEL) { |
… | |
… | |
970 | last; |
1088 | last; |
971 | } |
1089 | } |
972 | } |
1090 | } |
973 | |
1091 | |
974 | $MODEL |
1092 | $MODEL |
975 | or die "No event module selected for AnyEvent and autodetect failed. Install any one of these modules: EV, Event or Glib."; |
1093 | or die "No event module selected for AnyEvent and autodetect failed. Install any one of these modules: EV, Event or Glib.\n"; |
976 | } |
1094 | } |
977 | } |
1095 | } |
978 | |
1096 | |
979 | push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base"; |
1097 | push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base"; |
980 | |
1098 | |
… | |
… | |
1001 | } |
1119 | } |
1002 | |
1120 | |
1003 | # utility function to dup a filehandle. this is used by many backends |
1121 | # utility function to dup a filehandle. this is used by many backends |
1004 | # to support binding more than one watcher per filehandle (they usually |
1122 | # to support binding more than one watcher per filehandle (they usually |
1005 | # allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one). |
1123 | # allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one). |
1006 | sub _dupfh($$$$) { |
1124 | sub _dupfh($$;$$) { |
1007 | my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_; |
1125 | my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_; |
1008 | |
|
|
1009 | require Fcntl; |
|
|
1010 | |
1126 | |
1011 | # cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't |
1127 | # cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't |
1012 | my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<") |
1128 | my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<") |
1013 | : $poll eq "w" ? ($w, ">") |
1129 | : $poll eq "w" ? ($w, ">") |
1014 | : Carp::croak "AnyEvent->io requires poll set to either 'r' or 'w'"; |
1130 | : Carp::croak "AnyEvent->io requires poll set to either 'r' or 'w'"; |
1015 | |
1131 | |
1016 | open my $fh2, "$mode&" . fileno $fh |
1132 | open my $fh2, "$mode&" . fileno $fh |
1017 | or die "cannot dup() filehandle: $!"; |
1133 | or die "cannot dup() filehandle: $!,"; |
1018 | |
1134 | |
1019 | # we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases |
1135 | # we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases |
1020 | |
1136 | |
1021 | ($fh2, $rw) |
1137 | ($fh2, $rw) |
1022 | } |
1138 | } |
1023 | |
1139 | |
1024 | package AnyEvent::Base; |
1140 | package AnyEvent::Base; |
1025 | |
1141 | |
1026 | # default implementation for now and time |
1142 | # default implementations for many methods |
1027 | |
1143 | |
1028 | BEGIN { |
1144 | BEGIN { |
1029 | if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); time (); 1") { |
1145 | if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") { |
1030 | *_time = \&Time::HiRes::time; |
1146 | *_time = \&Time::HiRes::time; |
1031 | # if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())... |
1147 | # if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())... |
1032 | } else { |
1148 | } else { |
1033 | *_time = sub { time }; # epic fail |
1149 | *_time = sub { time }; # epic fail |
1034 | } |
1150 | } |
1035 | } |
1151 | } |
1036 | |
1152 | |
1037 | sub time { _time } |
1153 | sub time { _time } |
1038 | sub now { _time } |
1154 | sub now { _time } |
|
|
1155 | sub now_update { } |
1039 | |
1156 | |
1040 | # default implementation for ->condvar |
1157 | # default implementation for ->condvar |
1041 | |
1158 | |
1042 | sub condvar { |
1159 | sub condvar { |
1043 | bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, AnyEvent::CondVar:: |
1160 | bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar" |
1044 | } |
1161 | } |
1045 | |
1162 | |
1046 | # default implementation for ->signal |
1163 | # default implementation for ->signal |
1047 | |
1164 | |
1048 | our %SIG_CB; |
1165 | our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO); |
|
|
1166 | |
|
|
1167 | sub _signal_exec { |
|
|
1168 | sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 4; |
|
|
1169 | |
|
|
1170 | while (%SIG_EV) { |
|
|
1171 | for (keys %SIG_EV) { |
|
|
1172 | delete $SIG_EV{$_}; |
|
|
1173 | $_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} || {} }; |
|
|
1174 | } |
|
|
1175 | } |
|
|
1176 | } |
1049 | |
1177 | |
1050 | sub signal { |
1178 | sub signal { |
1051 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1179 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1052 | |
1180 | |
|
|
1181 | unless ($SIGPIPE_R) { |
|
|
1182 | require Fcntl; |
|
|
1183 | |
|
|
1184 | if (AnyEvent::WIN32) { |
|
|
1185 | require AnyEvent::Util; |
|
|
1186 | |
|
|
1187 | ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe (); |
|
|
1188 | AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R) if $SIGPIPE_R; |
|
|
1189 | AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case |
|
|
1190 | } else { |
|
|
1191 | pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W; |
|
|
1192 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R; |
|
|
1193 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case |
|
|
1194 | |
|
|
1195 | # not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure... |
|
|
1196 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC; |
|
|
1197 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC; |
|
|
1198 | } |
|
|
1199 | |
|
|
1200 | $SIGPIPE_R |
|
|
1201 | or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n"; |
|
|
1202 | |
|
|
1203 | $SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec); |
|
|
1204 | } |
|
|
1205 | |
1053 | my $signal = uc $arg{signal} |
1206 | my $signal = uc $arg{signal} |
1054 | or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing"; |
1207 | or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing"; |
1055 | |
1208 | |
1056 | $SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
1209 | $SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
1057 | $SIG{$signal} ||= sub { |
1210 | $SIG{$signal} ||= sub { |
1058 | $_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} || {} }; |
1211 | local $!; |
|
|
1212 | syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV; |
|
|
1213 | undef $SIG_EV{$signal}; |
1059 | }; |
1214 | }; |
1060 | |
1215 | |
1061 | bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::Signal" |
1216 | bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal" |
1062 | } |
1217 | } |
1063 | |
1218 | |
1064 | sub AnyEvent::Base::Signal::DESTROY { |
1219 | sub AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY { |
1065 | my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
1220 | my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
1066 | |
1221 | |
1067 | delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb}; |
1222 | delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb}; |
1068 | |
1223 | |
|
|
1224 | # delete doesn't work with older perls - they then |
|
|
1225 | # print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit |
|
|
1226 | # instead of getting the default action. |
1069 | delete $SIG{$signal} unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} }; |
1227 | undef $SIG{$signal} unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} }; |
1070 | } |
1228 | } |
1071 | |
1229 | |
1072 | # default implementation for ->child |
1230 | # default implementation for ->child |
1073 | |
1231 | |
1074 | our %PID_CB; |
1232 | our %PID_CB; |
1075 | our $CHLD_W; |
1233 | our $CHLD_W; |
1076 | our $CHLD_DELAY_W; |
1234 | our $CHLD_DELAY_W; |
1077 | our $PID_IDLE; |
|
|
1078 | our $WNOHANG; |
1235 | our $WNOHANG; |
1079 | |
1236 | |
1080 | sub _child_wait { |
1237 | sub _sigchld { |
1081 | while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) { |
1238 | while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) { |
1082 | $_->($pid, $?) for (values %{ $PID_CB{$pid} || {} }), |
1239 | $_->($pid, $?) for (values %{ $PID_CB{$pid} || {} }), |
1083 | (values %{ $PID_CB{0} || {} }); |
1240 | (values %{ $PID_CB{0} || {} }); |
1084 | } |
1241 | } |
1085 | |
|
|
1086 | undef $PID_IDLE; |
|
|
1087 | } |
|
|
1088 | |
|
|
1089 | sub _sigchld { |
|
|
1090 | # make sure we deliver these changes "synchronous" with the event loop. |
|
|
1091 | $CHLD_DELAY_W ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => 0, cb => sub { |
|
|
1092 | undef $CHLD_DELAY_W; |
|
|
1093 | &_child_wait; |
|
|
1094 | }); |
|
|
1095 | } |
1242 | } |
1096 | |
1243 | |
1097 | sub child { |
1244 | sub child { |
1098 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1245 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1099 | |
1246 | |
1100 | defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0) |
1247 | defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0) |
1101 | or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing"; |
1248 | or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing"; |
1102 | |
1249 | |
1103 | $PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
1250 | $PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
1104 | |
1251 | |
1105 | unless ($WNOHANG) { |
|
|
1106 | $WNOHANG = eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } || 1; |
1252 | $WNOHANG ||= eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } || 1; |
1107 | } |
|
|
1108 | |
1253 | |
1109 | unless ($CHLD_W) { |
1254 | unless ($CHLD_W) { |
1110 | $CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld); |
1255 | $CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld); |
1111 | # child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round |
1256 | # child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round |
1112 | &_sigchld; |
1257 | &_sigchld; |
1113 | } |
1258 | } |
1114 | |
1259 | |
1115 | bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::Child" |
1260 | bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child" |
1116 | } |
1261 | } |
1117 | |
1262 | |
1118 | sub AnyEvent::Base::Child::DESTROY { |
1263 | sub AnyEvent::Base::child::DESTROY { |
1119 | my ($pid, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
1264 | my ($pid, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
1120 | |
1265 | |
1121 | delete $PID_CB{$pid}{$cb}; |
1266 | delete $PID_CB{$pid}{$cb}; |
1122 | delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} }; |
1267 | delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} }; |
1123 | |
1268 | |
1124 | undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB; |
1269 | undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB; |
|
|
1270 | } |
|
|
1271 | |
|
|
1272 | # idle emulation is done by simply using a timer, regardless |
|
|
1273 | # of whether the process is idle or not, and not letting |
|
|
1274 | # the callback use more than 50% of the time. |
|
|
1275 | sub idle { |
|
|
1276 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
|
|
1277 | |
|
|
1278 | my ($cb, $w, $rcb) = $arg{cb}; |
|
|
1279 | |
|
|
1280 | $rcb = sub { |
|
|
1281 | if ($cb) { |
|
|
1282 | $w = _time; |
|
|
1283 | &$cb; |
|
|
1284 | $w = _time - $w; |
|
|
1285 | |
|
|
1286 | # never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher, |
|
|
1287 | # within some limits |
|
|
1288 | $w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001; |
|
|
1289 | $w = 5 if $w > 5; |
|
|
1290 | |
|
|
1291 | $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $w, cb => $rcb); |
|
|
1292 | } else { |
|
|
1293 | # clean up... |
|
|
1294 | undef $w; |
|
|
1295 | undef $rcb; |
|
|
1296 | } |
|
|
1297 | }; |
|
|
1298 | |
|
|
1299 | $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 0.05, cb => $rcb); |
|
|
1300 | |
|
|
1301 | bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle" |
|
|
1302 | } |
|
|
1303 | |
|
|
1304 | sub AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY { |
|
|
1305 | undef $${$_[0]}; |
1125 | } |
1306 | } |
1126 | |
1307 | |
1127 | package AnyEvent::CondVar; |
1308 | package AnyEvent::CondVar; |
1128 | |
1309 | |
1129 | our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::; |
1310 | our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::; |
… | |
… | |
1203 | so on. |
1384 | so on. |
1204 | |
1385 | |
1205 | =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES |
1386 | =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES |
1206 | |
1387 | |
1207 | The following environment variables are used by this module or its |
1388 | The following environment variables are used by this module or its |
1208 | submodules: |
1389 | submodules. |
|
|
1390 | |
|
|
1391 | Note that AnyEvent will remove I<all> environment variables starting with |
|
|
1392 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_> from C<%ENV> when it is loaded while taint mode is |
|
|
1393 | enabled. |
1209 | |
1394 | |
1210 | =over 4 |
1395 | =over 4 |
1211 | |
1396 | |
1212 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE> |
1397 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE> |
1213 | |
1398 | |
… | |
… | |
1225 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT> |
1410 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT> |
1226 | |
1411 | |
1227 | AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough |
1412 | AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough |
1228 | argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value |
1413 | argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value |
1229 | will cause AnyEvent to load C<AnyEvent::Strict> and then to thoroughly |
1414 | will cause AnyEvent to load C<AnyEvent::Strict> and then to thoroughly |
1230 | check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems |
1415 | check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems, |
1231 | it will croak. |
1416 | it will croak. |
1232 | |
1417 | |
1233 | In other words, enables "strict" mode. |
1418 | In other words, enables "strict" mode. |
1234 | |
1419 | |
1235 | Unlike C<use strict>, it is definitely recommended ot keep it off in |
1420 | Unlike C<use strict>, it is definitely recommended to keep it off in |
1236 | production. Keeping C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while |
1421 | production. Keeping C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while |
1237 | developing programs can be very useful, however. |
1422 | developing programs can be very useful, however. |
1238 | |
1423 | |
1239 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL> |
1424 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL> |
1240 | |
1425 | |
… | |
… | |
1263 | used, and preference will be given to protocols mentioned earlier in the |
1448 | used, and preference will be given to protocols mentioned earlier in the |
1264 | list. |
1449 | list. |
1265 | |
1450 | |
1266 | This variable can effectively be used for denial-of-service attacks |
1451 | This variable can effectively be used for denial-of-service attacks |
1267 | against local programs (e.g. when setuid), although the impact is likely |
1452 | against local programs (e.g. when setuid), although the impact is likely |
1268 | small, as the program has to handle connection errors already- |
1453 | small, as the program has to handle conenction and other failures anyways. |
1269 | |
1454 | |
1270 | Examples: C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv4,ipv6> - prefer IPv4 over IPv6, |
1455 | Examples: C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv4,ipv6> - prefer IPv4 over IPv6, |
1271 | but support both and try to use both. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv4> |
1456 | but support both and try to use both. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv4> |
1272 | - only support IPv4, never try to resolve or contact IPv6 |
1457 | - only support IPv4, never try to resolve or contact IPv6 |
1273 | addresses. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv6,ipv4> support either IPv4 or |
1458 | addresses. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv6,ipv4> support either IPv4 or |
… | |
… | |
1285 | |
1470 | |
1286 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS> |
1471 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS> |
1287 | |
1472 | |
1288 | The maximum number of child processes that C<AnyEvent::Util::fork_call> |
1473 | The maximum number of child processes that C<AnyEvent::Util::fork_call> |
1289 | will create in parallel. |
1474 | will create in parallel. |
|
|
1475 | |
|
|
1476 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_OUTSTANDING_DNS> |
|
|
1477 | |
|
|
1478 | The default value for the C<max_outstanding> parameter for the default DNS |
|
|
1479 | resolver - this is the maximum number of parallel DNS requests that are |
|
|
1480 | sent to the DNS server. |
|
|
1481 | |
|
|
1482 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_RESOLV_CONF> |
|
|
1483 | |
|
|
1484 | The file to use instead of F</etc/resolv.conf> (or OS-specific |
|
|
1485 | configuration) in the default resolver. When set to the empty string, no |
|
|
1486 | default config will be used. |
|
|
1487 | |
|
|
1488 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_FILE>, C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_PATH>. |
|
|
1489 | |
|
|
1490 | When neither C<ca_file> nor C<ca_path> was specified during |
|
|
1491 | L<AnyEvent::TLS> context creation, and either of these environment |
|
|
1492 | variables exist, they will be used to specify CA certificate locations |
|
|
1493 | instead of a system-dependent default. |
1290 | |
1494 | |
1291 | =back |
1495 | =back |
1292 | |
1496 | |
1293 | =head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE |
1497 | =head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE |
1294 | |
1498 | |
… | |
… | |
1533 | watcher. |
1737 | watcher. |
1534 | |
1738 | |
1535 | =head3 Results |
1739 | =head3 Results |
1536 | |
1740 | |
1537 | name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment |
1741 | name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment |
1538 | EV/EV 400000 244 0.56 0.46 0.31 EV native interface |
1742 | EV/EV 400000 224 0.47 0.35 0.27 EV native interface |
1539 | EV/Any 100000 244 2.50 0.46 0.29 EV + AnyEvent watchers |
1743 | EV/Any 100000 224 2.88 0.34 0.27 EV + AnyEvent watchers |
1540 | CoroEV/Any 100000 244 2.49 0.44 0.29 coroutines + Coro::Signal |
1744 | CoroEV/Any 100000 224 2.85 0.35 0.28 coroutines + Coro::Signal |
1541 | Perl/Any 100000 513 4.92 0.87 1.12 pure perl implementation |
1745 | Perl/Any 100000 452 4.13 0.73 0.95 pure perl implementation |
1542 | Event/Event 16000 516 31.88 31.30 0.85 Event native interface |
1746 | Event/Event 16000 517 32.20 31.80 0.81 Event native interface |
1543 | Event/Any 16000 590 35.75 31.42 1.08 Event + AnyEvent watchers |
1747 | Event/Any 16000 590 35.85 31.55 1.06 Event + AnyEvent watchers |
|
|
1748 | IOAsync/Any 16000 989 38.10 32.77 11.13 via IO::Async::Loop::IO_Poll |
|
|
1749 | IOAsync/Any 16000 990 37.59 29.50 10.61 via IO::Async::Loop::Epoll |
1544 | Glib/Any 16000 1357 98.22 12.41 54.00 quadratic behaviour |
1750 | Glib/Any 16000 1357 102.33 12.31 51.00 quadratic behaviour |
1545 | Tk/Any 2000 1860 26.97 67.98 14.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers |
1751 | Tk/Any 2000 1860 27.20 66.31 14.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers |
1546 | POE/Event 2000 6644 108.64 736.02 14.73 via POE::Loop::Event |
1752 | POE/Event 2000 6328 109.99 751.67 14.02 via POE::Loop::Event |
1547 | POE/Select 2000 6343 94.13 809.12 565.96 via POE::Loop::Select |
1753 | POE/Select 2000 6027 94.54 809.13 579.80 via POE::Loop::Select |
1548 | |
1754 | |
1549 | =head3 Discussion |
1755 | =head3 Discussion |
1550 | |
1756 | |
1551 | The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very |
1757 | The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very |
1552 | well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one) |
1758 | well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one) |
… | |
… | |
1577 | performance becomes really bad with lots of file descriptors (and few of |
1783 | performance becomes really bad with lots of file descriptors (and few of |
1578 | them active), of course, but this was not subject of this benchmark. |
1784 | them active), of course, but this was not subject of this benchmark. |
1579 | |
1785 | |
1580 | The C<Event> module has a relatively high setup and callback invocation |
1786 | The C<Event> module has a relatively high setup and callback invocation |
1581 | cost, but overall scores in on the third place. |
1787 | cost, but overall scores in on the third place. |
|
|
1788 | |
|
|
1789 | C<IO::Async> performs admirably well, about on par with C<Event>, even |
|
|
1790 | when using its pure perl backend. |
1582 | |
1791 | |
1583 | C<Glib>'s memory usage is quite a bit higher, but it features a |
1792 | C<Glib>'s memory usage is quite a bit higher, but it features a |
1584 | faster callback invocation and overall ends up in the same class as |
1793 | faster callback invocation and overall ends up in the same class as |
1585 | C<Event>. However, Glib scales extremely badly, doubling the number of |
1794 | C<Event>. However, Glib scales extremely badly, doubling the number of |
1586 | watchers increases the processing time by more than a factor of four, |
1795 | watchers increases the processing time by more than a factor of four, |
… | |
… | |
1664 | it to another server. This includes deleting the old timeout and creating |
1873 | it to another server. This includes deleting the old timeout and creating |
1665 | a new one that moves the timeout into the future. |
1874 | a new one that moves the timeout into the future. |
1666 | |
1875 | |
1667 | =head3 Results |
1876 | =head3 Results |
1668 | |
1877 | |
1669 | name sockets create request |
1878 | name sockets create request |
1670 | EV 20000 69.01 11.16 |
1879 | EV 20000 69.01 11.16 |
1671 | Perl 20000 73.32 35.87 |
1880 | Perl 20000 73.32 35.87 |
|
|
1881 | IOAsync 20000 157.00 98.14 epoll |
|
|
1882 | IOAsync 20000 159.31 616.06 poll |
1672 | Event 20000 212.62 257.32 |
1883 | Event 20000 212.62 257.32 |
1673 | Glib 20000 651.16 1896.30 |
1884 | Glib 20000 651.16 1896.30 |
1674 | POE 20000 349.67 12317.24 uses POE::Loop::Event |
1885 | POE 20000 349.67 12317.24 uses POE::Loop::Event |
1675 | |
1886 | |
1676 | =head3 Discussion |
1887 | =head3 Discussion |
1677 | |
1888 | |
1678 | This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the |
1889 | This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the |
1679 | particular event loop. |
1890 | particular event loop. |
… | |
… | |
1681 | EV is again fastest. Since it is using epoll on my system, the setup time |
1892 | EV is again fastest. Since it is using epoll on my system, the setup time |
1682 | is relatively high, though. |
1893 | is relatively high, though. |
1683 | |
1894 | |
1684 | Perl surprisingly comes second. It is much faster than the C-based event |
1895 | Perl surprisingly comes second. It is much faster than the C-based event |
1685 | loops Event and Glib. |
1896 | loops Event and Glib. |
|
|
1897 | |
|
|
1898 | IO::Async performs very well when using its epoll backend, and still quite |
|
|
1899 | good compared to Glib when using its pure perl backend. |
1686 | |
1900 | |
1687 | Event suffers from high setup time as well (look at its code and you will |
1901 | Event suffers from high setup time as well (look at its code and you will |
1688 | understand why). Callback invocation also has a high overhead compared to |
1902 | understand why). Callback invocation also has a high overhead compared to |
1689 | the C<< $_->() for .. >>-style loop that the Perl event loop uses. Event |
1903 | the C<< $_->() for .. >>-style loop that the Perl event loop uses. Event |
1690 | uses select or poll in basically all documented configurations. |
1904 | uses select or poll in basically all documented configurations. |
… | |
… | |
1753 | =item * C-based event loops perform very well with small number of |
1967 | =item * C-based event loops perform very well with small number of |
1754 | watchers, as the management overhead dominates. |
1968 | watchers, as the management overhead dominates. |
1755 | |
1969 | |
1756 | =back |
1970 | =back |
1757 | |
1971 | |
|
|
1972 | =head2 THE IO::Lambda BENCHMARK |
|
|
1973 | |
|
|
1974 | Recently I was told about the benchmark in the IO::Lambda manpage, which |
|
|
1975 | could be misinterpreted to make AnyEvent look bad. In fact, the benchmark |
|
|
1976 | simply compares IO::Lambda with POE, and IO::Lambda looks better (which |
|
|
1977 | shouldn't come as a surprise to anybody). As such, the benchmark is |
|
|
1978 | fine, and mostly shows that the AnyEvent backend from IO::Lambda isn't |
|
|
1979 | very optimal. But how would AnyEvent compare when used without the extra |
|
|
1980 | baggage? To explore this, I wrote the equivalent benchmark for AnyEvent. |
|
|
1981 | |
|
|
1982 | The benchmark itself creates an echo-server, and then, for 500 times, |
|
|
1983 | connects to the echo server, sends a line, waits for the reply, and then |
|
|
1984 | creates the next connection. This is a rather bad benchmark, as it doesn't |
|
|
1985 | test the efficiency of the framework or much non-blocking I/O, but it is a |
|
|
1986 | benchmark nevertheless. |
|
|
1987 | |
|
|
1988 | name runtime |
|
|
1989 | Lambda/select 0.330 sec |
|
|
1990 | + optimized 0.122 sec |
|
|
1991 | Lambda/AnyEvent 0.327 sec |
|
|
1992 | + optimized 0.138 sec |
|
|
1993 | Raw sockets/select 0.077 sec |
|
|
1994 | POE/select, components 0.662 sec |
|
|
1995 | POE/select, raw sockets 0.226 sec |
|
|
1996 | POE/select, optimized 0.404 sec |
|
|
1997 | |
|
|
1998 | AnyEvent/select/nb 0.085 sec |
|
|
1999 | AnyEvent/EV/nb 0.068 sec |
|
|
2000 | +state machine 0.134 sec |
|
|
2001 | |
|
|
2002 | The benchmark is also a bit unfair (my fault): the IO::Lambda/POE |
|
|
2003 | benchmarks actually make blocking connects and use 100% blocking I/O, |
|
|
2004 | defeating the purpose of an event-based solution. All of the newly |
|
|
2005 | written AnyEvent benchmarks use 100% non-blocking connects (using |
|
|
2006 | AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect and the asynchronous pure perl DNS |
|
|
2007 | resolver), so AnyEvent is at a disadvantage here, as non-blocking connects |
|
|
2008 | generally require a lot more bookkeeping and event handling than blocking |
|
|
2009 | connects (which involve a single syscall only). |
|
|
2010 | |
|
|
2011 | The last AnyEvent benchmark additionally uses L<AnyEvent::Handle>, which |
|
|
2012 | offers similar expressive power as POE and IO::Lambda, using conventional |
|
|
2013 | Perl syntax. This means that both the echo server and the client are 100% |
|
|
2014 | non-blocking, further placing it at a disadvantage. |
|
|
2015 | |
|
|
2016 | As you can see, the AnyEvent + EV combination even beats the |
|
|
2017 | hand-optimised "raw sockets benchmark", while AnyEvent + its pure perl |
|
|
2018 | backend easily beats IO::Lambda and POE. |
|
|
2019 | |
|
|
2020 | And even the 100% non-blocking version written using the high-level (and |
|
|
2021 | slow :) L<AnyEvent::Handle> abstraction beats both POE and IO::Lambda by a |
|
|
2022 | large margin, even though it does all of DNS, tcp-connect and socket I/O |
|
|
2023 | in a non-blocking way. |
|
|
2024 | |
|
|
2025 | The two AnyEvent benchmarks programs can be found as F<eg/ae0.pl> and |
|
|
2026 | F<eg/ae2.pl> in the AnyEvent distribution, the remaining benchmarks are |
|
|
2027 | part of the IO::lambda distribution and were used without any changes. |
|
|
2028 | |
|
|
2029 | |
|
|
2030 | =head1 SIGNALS |
|
|
2031 | |
|
|
2032 | AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals: |
|
|
2033 | |
|
|
2034 | =over 4 |
|
|
2035 | |
|
|
2036 | =item SIGCHLD |
|
|
2037 | |
|
|
2038 | A handler for C<SIGCHLD> is installed by AnyEvent's child watcher |
|
|
2039 | emulation for event loops that do not support them natively. Also, some |
|
|
2040 | event loops install a similar handler. |
|
|
2041 | |
|
|
2042 | If, when AnyEvent is loaded, SIGCHLD is set to IGNORE, then AnyEvent will |
|
|
2043 | reset it to default, to avoid losing child exit statuses. |
|
|
2044 | |
|
|
2045 | =item SIGPIPE |
|
|
2046 | |
|
|
2047 | A no-op handler is installed for C<SIGPIPE> when C<$SIG{PIPE}> is C<undef> |
|
|
2048 | when AnyEvent gets loaded. |
|
|
2049 | |
|
|
2050 | The rationale for this is that AnyEvent users usually do not really depend |
|
|
2051 | on SIGPIPE delivery (which is purely an optimisation for shell use, or |
|
|
2052 | badly-written programs), but C<SIGPIPE> can cause spurious and rare |
|
|
2053 | program exits as a lot of people do not expect C<SIGPIPE> when writing to |
|
|
2054 | some random socket. |
|
|
2055 | |
|
|
2056 | The rationale for installing a no-op handler as opposed to ignoring it is |
|
|
2057 | that this way, the handler will be restored to defaults on exec. |
|
|
2058 | |
|
|
2059 | Feel free to install your own handler, or reset it to defaults. |
|
|
2060 | |
|
|
2061 | =back |
|
|
2062 | |
|
|
2063 | =cut |
|
|
2064 | |
|
|
2065 | undef $SIG{CHLD} |
|
|
2066 | if $SIG{CHLD} eq 'IGNORE'; |
|
|
2067 | |
|
|
2068 | $SIG{PIPE} = sub { } |
|
|
2069 | unless defined $SIG{PIPE}; |
1758 | |
2070 | |
1759 | =head1 FORK |
2071 | =head1 FORK |
1760 | |
2072 | |
1761 | Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are |
2073 | Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are |
1762 | because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll> |
2074 | because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll> |
… | |
… | |
1783 | use AnyEvent; |
2095 | use AnyEvent; |
1784 | |
2096 | |
1785 | Similar considerations apply to $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}, as that can |
2097 | Similar considerations apply to $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}, as that can |
1786 | be used to probe what backend is used and gain other information (which is |
2098 | be used to probe what backend is used and gain other information (which is |
1787 | probably even less useful to an attacker than PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL), and |
2099 | probably even less useful to an attacker than PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL), and |
1788 | $ENV{PERL_ANYEGENT_STRICT}. |
2100 | $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT}. |
|
|
2101 | |
|
|
2102 | Note that AnyEvent will remove I<all> environment variables starting with |
|
|
2103 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_> from C<%ENV> when it is loaded while taint mode is |
|
|
2104 | enabled. |
1789 | |
2105 | |
1790 | |
2106 | |
1791 | =head1 BUGS |
2107 | =head1 BUGS |
1792 | |
2108 | |
1793 | Perl 5.8 has numerous memleaks that sometimes hit this module and are hard |
2109 | Perl 5.8 has numerous memleaks that sometimes hit this module and are hard |
1794 | to work around. If you suffer from memleaks, first upgrade to Perl 5.10 |
2110 | to work around. If you suffer from memleaks, first upgrade to Perl 5.10 |
1795 | and check wether the leaks still show up. (Perl 5.10.0 has other annoying |
2111 | and check wether the leaks still show up. (Perl 5.10.0 has other annoying |
1796 | mamleaks, such as leaking on C<map> and C<grep> but it is usually not as |
2112 | memleaks, such as leaking on C<map> and C<grep> but it is usually not as |
1797 | pronounced). |
2113 | pronounced). |
1798 | |
2114 | |
1799 | |
2115 | |
1800 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
2116 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
1801 | |
2117 | |