1 | =head1 NAME |
1 | =head1 NAME |
2 | |
2 | |
3 | AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops |
3 | AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops |
4 | |
4 | |
5 | Event, Coro, Glib, Tk - various supported event loops |
5 | Event, Coro, Glib, Tk, Perl - various supported event loops |
6 | |
6 | |
7 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
7 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
8 | |
8 | |
9 | use AnyEvent; |
9 | use AnyEvent; |
10 | |
10 | |
11 | my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => ..., poll => "[rw]+", cb => sub { |
11 | my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r|w", cb => sub { |
12 | my ($poll_got) = @_; |
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13 | ... |
12 | ... |
14 | }); |
13 | }); |
15 | |
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16 | - only one io watcher per $fh and $poll type is allowed |
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17 | (i.e. on a socket you can have one r + one w or one rw |
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18 | watcher, not any more. |
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19 | |
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20 | - AnyEvent will keep filehandles alive, so as long as the watcher exists, |
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21 | the filehandle exists. |
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22 | |
14 | |
23 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { |
15 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { |
24 | ... |
16 | ... |
25 | }); |
17 | }); |
26 | |
18 | |
27 | - io and time watchers get canceled whenever $w is destroyed, so keep a copy |
19 | my $w = AnyEvent->condvar; # stores wether a condition was flagged |
28 | |
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29 | - timers can only be used once and must be recreated for repeated operation |
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30 | |
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31 | my $w = AnyEvent->condvar; # kind of main loop replacement |
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32 | $w->wait; # enters main loop till $condvar gets ->broadcast |
20 | $w->wait; # enters "main loop" till $condvar gets ->broadcast |
33 | $w->broadcast; # wake up current and all future wait's |
21 | $w->broadcast; # wake up current and all future wait's |
34 | |
22 | |
35 | - condvars are used to give blocking behaviour when neccessary. Create |
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36 | a condvar for any "request" or "event" your module might create, C<< |
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37 | ->broadcast >> it when the event happens and provide a function that calls |
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38 | C<< ->wait >> for it. See the examples below. |
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39 | |
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40 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
23 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
41 | |
24 | |
42 | L<AnyEvent> provides an identical interface to multiple event loops. This |
25 | L<AnyEvent> provides an identical interface to multiple event loops. This |
43 | allows module authors to utilizy an event loop without forcing module |
26 | allows module authors to utilise an event loop without forcing module |
44 | users to use the same event loop (as only a single event loop can coexist |
27 | users to use the same event loop (as only a single event loop can coexist |
45 | peacefully at any one time). |
28 | peacefully at any one time). |
46 | |
29 | |
47 | The interface itself is vaguely similar but not identical to the Event |
30 | The interface itself is vaguely similar but not identical to the Event |
48 | module. |
31 | module. |
… | |
… | |
50 | On the first call of any method, the module tries to detect the currently |
33 | On the first call of any method, the module tries to detect the currently |
51 | loaded event loop by probing wether any of the following modules is |
34 | loaded event loop by probing wether any of the following modules is |
52 | loaded: L<Coro::Event>, L<Event>, L<Glib>, L<Tk>. The first one found is |
35 | loaded: L<Coro::Event>, L<Event>, L<Glib>, L<Tk>. The first one found is |
53 | used. If none is found, the module tries to load these modules in the |
36 | used. If none is found, the module tries to load these modules in the |
54 | order given. The first one that could be successfully loaded will be |
37 | order given. The first one that could be successfully loaded will be |
55 | used. If still none could be found, it will issue an error. |
38 | used. If still none could be found, AnyEvent will fall back to a pure-perl |
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39 | event loop, which is also not very efficient. |
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40 | |
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41 | Because AnyEvent first checks for modules that are already loaded, loading |
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42 | an Event model explicitly before first using AnyEvent will likely make |
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43 | that model the default. For example: |
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44 | |
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45 | use Tk; |
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46 | use AnyEvent; |
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47 | |
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48 | # .. AnyEvent will likely default to Tk |
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49 | |
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50 | The pure-perl implementation of AnyEvent is called |
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51 | C<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>. Like other event modules you can load it |
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52 | explicitly. |
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53 | |
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54 | =head1 WATCHERS |
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55 | |
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56 | AnyEvent has the central concept of a I<watcher>, which is an object that |
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57 | stores relevant data for each kind of event you are waiting for, such as |
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58 | the callback to call, the filehandle to watch, etc. |
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59 | |
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60 | These watchers are normal Perl objects with normal Perl lifetime. After |
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61 | creating a watcher it will immediately "watch" for events and invoke |
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62 | the callback. To disable the watcher you have to destroy it (e.g. by |
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63 | setting the variable that stores it to C<undef> or otherwise deleting all |
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64 | references to it). |
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65 | |
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66 | All watchers are created by calling a method on the C<AnyEvent> class. |
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67 | |
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68 | =head2 IO WATCHERS |
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69 | |
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70 | You can create I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method with |
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71 | the following mandatory arguments: |
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72 | |
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73 | C<fh> the Perl I<filehandle> (not filedescriptor) to watch for |
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74 | events. C<poll> must be a string that is either C<r> or C<w>, that creates |
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75 | a watcher waiting for "r"eadable or "w"ritable events. C<cb> teh callback |
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76 | to invoke everytime the filehandle becomes ready. |
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77 | |
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78 | Only one io watcher per C<fh> and C<poll> combination is allowed (i.e. on |
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79 | a socket you can have one r + one w, not any more (limitation comes from |
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80 | Tk - if you are sure you are not using Tk this limitation is gone). |
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81 | |
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82 | Filehandles will be kept alive, so as long as the watcher exists, the |
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83 | filehandle exists, too. |
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84 | |
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85 | Example: |
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86 | |
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87 | # wait for readability of STDIN, then read a line and disable the watcher |
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88 | my $w; $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => \*STDIN, poll => 'r', cb => sub { |
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89 | chomp (my $input = <STDIN>); |
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90 | warn "read: $input\n"; |
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91 | undef $w; |
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92 | }); |
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93 | |
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94 | =head2 TIME WATCHERS |
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95 | |
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96 | You can create a time watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->timer >> |
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97 | method with the following mandatory arguments: |
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98 | |
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99 | C<after> after how many seconds (fractions are supported) should the timer |
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100 | activate. C<cb> the callback to invoke. |
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101 | |
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102 | The timer callback will be invoked at most once: if you want a repeating |
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103 | timer you have to create a new watcher (this is a limitation by both Tk |
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104 | and Glib). |
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105 | |
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106 | Example: |
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107 | |
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108 | # fire an event after 7.7 seconds |
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109 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 7.7, cb => sub { |
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110 | warn "timeout\n"; |
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111 | }); |
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112 | |
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113 | # to cancel the timer: |
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114 | undef $w |
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115 | |
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116 | =head2 CONDITION WATCHERS |
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117 | |
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118 | Condition watchers can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar >> |
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119 | method without any arguments. |
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120 | |
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121 | A condition watcher watches for a condition - precisely that the C<< |
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122 | ->broadcast >> method has been called. |
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123 | |
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124 | The watcher has only two methods: |
56 | |
125 | |
57 | =over 4 |
126 | =over 4 |
58 | |
127 | |
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128 | =item $cv->wait |
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129 | |
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130 | Wait (blocking if necessary) until the C<< ->broadcast >> method has been |
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131 | called on c<$cv>, while servicing other watchers normally. |
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132 | |
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133 | Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case, so |
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134 | if you are using this from a module, never require a blocking wait, but |
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135 | let the caller decide wether the call will block or not (for example, |
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136 | by coupling condition variables with some kind of request results and |
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137 | supporting callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not |
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138 | block, while still suppporting blockign waits if the caller so desires). |
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139 | |
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140 | You can only wait once on a condition - additional calls will return |
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141 | immediately. |
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142 | |
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143 | =item $cv->broadcast |
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144 | |
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145 | Flag the condition as ready - a running C<< ->wait >> and all further |
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146 | calls to C<wait> will return after this method has been called. If nobody |
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147 | is waiting the broadcast will be remembered.. |
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148 | |
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149 | Example: |
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150 | |
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151 | # wait till the result is ready |
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152 | my $result_ready = AnyEvent->condvar; |
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153 | |
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154 | # do something such as adding a timer |
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155 | # or socket watcher the calls $result_ready->broadcast |
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156 | # when the "result" is ready. |
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157 | |
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158 | $result_ready->wait; |
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159 | |
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160 | =back |
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161 | |
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162 | =head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS |
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163 | |
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164 | You can listen for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal |
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165 | I<name> without any C<SIG> prefix. Multiple signals events can be clumped |
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166 | together into one callback invocation, and callback invocation might or |
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167 | might not be asynchronous. |
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168 | |
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169 | These watchers might use C<%SIG>, so programs overwriting those signals |
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170 | directly will likely not work correctly. |
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171 | |
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172 | Example: exit on SIGINT |
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173 | |
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174 | my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 }); |
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175 | |
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176 | =head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS |
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177 | |
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178 | You can also listen for the status of a child process specified by the |
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179 | C<pid> argument. The watcher will only trigger once. This works by |
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180 | installing a signal handler for C<SIGCHLD>. |
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181 | |
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182 | Example: wait for pid 1333 |
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183 | |
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184 | my $w = AnyEvent->child (pid => 1333, cb => sub { warn "exit status $?" }); |
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185 | |
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186 | =head1 GLOBALS |
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187 | |
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188 | =over 4 |
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189 | |
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190 | =item $AnyEvent::MODEL |
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191 | |
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192 | Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created. Then it |
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193 | contains the event model that is being used, which is the name of the |
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194 | Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one of the |
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195 | C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the case |
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196 | AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode>). |
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197 | |
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198 | The known classes so far are: |
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199 | |
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200 | AnyEvent::Impl::Coro based on Coro::Event, best choise. |
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201 | AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, also best choice :) |
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202 | AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, second-best choice. |
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203 | AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very bad choice. |
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204 | AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, inefficient. |
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205 | |
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206 | =item AnyEvent::detect |
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207 | |
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208 | Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model if |
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209 | necessary. You should only call this function right before you would have |
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210 | created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, very late at runtime. |
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211 | |
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212 | =back |
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213 | |
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214 | =head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE |
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215 | |
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216 | As a module author, you should "use AnyEvent" and call AnyEvent methods |
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217 | freely, but you should not load a specific event module or rely on it. |
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218 | |
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219 | Be careful when you create watchers in the module body - Anyevent will |
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220 | decide which event module to use as soon as the first method is called, so |
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221 | by calling AnyEvent in your module body you force the user of your module |
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222 | to load the event module first. |
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223 | |
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224 | =head1 WHAT TO DO IN THE MAIN PROGRAM |
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225 | |
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226 | There will always be a single main program - the only place that should |
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227 | dictate which event model to use. |
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228 | |
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229 | If it doesn't care, it can just "use AnyEvent" and use it itself, or not |
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230 | do anything special and let AnyEvent decide which implementation to chose. |
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231 | |
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232 | If the main program relies on a specific event model (for example, in Gtk2 |
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233 | programs you have to rely on either Glib or Glib::Event), you should load |
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234 | it before loading AnyEvent or any module that uses it, generally, as early |
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235 | as possible. The reason is that modules might create watchers when they |
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236 | are loaded, and AnyEvent will decide on the event model to use as soon as |
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237 | it creates watchers, and it might chose the wrong one unless you load the |
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238 | correct one yourself. |
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239 | |
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240 | You can chose to use a rather inefficient pure-perl implementation by |
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241 | loading the C<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl> module, but letting AnyEvent chose is |
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242 | generally better. |
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243 | |
59 | =cut |
244 | =cut |
60 | |
245 | |
61 | package AnyEvent; |
246 | package AnyEvent; |
62 | |
247 | |
63 | no warnings; |
248 | no warnings; |
64 | use strict 'vars'; |
249 | use strict; |
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250 | |
65 | use Carp; |
251 | use Carp; |
66 | |
252 | |
67 | our $VERSION = 0.3; |
253 | our $VERSION = '2.52'; |
68 | our $MODEL; |
254 | our $MODEL; |
69 | |
255 | |
70 | our $AUTOLOAD; |
256 | our $AUTOLOAD; |
71 | our @ISA; |
257 | our @ISA; |
72 | |
258 | |
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259 | our $verbose = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1; |
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260 | |
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261 | our @REGISTRY; |
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262 | |
73 | my @models = ( |
263 | my @models = ( |
74 | [Coro => Coro::Event::], |
264 | [Coro::Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Coro::], |
75 | [Event => Event::], |
265 | [Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::], |
76 | [Glib => Glib::], |
266 | [Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], |
77 | [Tk => Tk::], |
267 | [Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], |
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268 | [AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::], |
78 | ); |
269 | ); |
79 | |
270 | |
80 | our %method = map +($_ => 1), qw(io timer condvar broadcast wait cancel DESTROY); |
271 | our %method = map +($_ => 1), qw(io timer condvar broadcast wait signal one_event DESTROY); |
81 | |
272 | |
82 | sub AUTOLOAD { |
273 | sub detect() { |
83 | $AUTOLOAD =~ s/.*://; |
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84 | |
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85 | $method{$AUTOLOAD} |
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86 | or croak "$AUTOLOAD: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects"; |
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87 | |
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88 | unless ($MODEL) { |
274 | unless ($MODEL) { |
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275 | no strict 'refs'; |
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276 | |
89 | # check for already loaded models |
277 | # check for already loaded models |
90 | for (@models) { |
278 | for (@REGISTRY, @models) { |
91 | my ($model, $package) = @$_; |
279 | my ($package, $model) = @$_; |
92 | if (scalar keys %{ *{"$package\::"} }) { |
280 | if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) { |
93 | eval "require AnyEvent::Impl::$model"; |
281 | if (eval "require $model") { |
94 | last if $MODEL; |
282 | $MODEL = $model; |
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283 | warn "AnyEvent: found model '$model', using it.\n" if $verbose > 1; |
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284 | last; |
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285 | } |
95 | } |
286 | } |
96 | } |
287 | } |
97 | |
288 | |
98 | unless ($MODEL) { |
289 | unless ($MODEL) { |
99 | # try to load a model |
290 | # try to load a model |
100 | |
291 | |
101 | for (@models) { |
292 | for (@REGISTRY, @models) { |
102 | my ($model, $package) = @$_; |
293 | my ($package, $model) = @$_; |
103 | eval "require AnyEvent::Impl::$model"; |
294 | if (eval "require $package" |
104 | last if $MODEL; |
295 | and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0 |
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296 | and eval "require $model") { |
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297 | $MODEL = $model; |
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298 | warn "AnyEvent: autoprobed and loaded model '$model', using it.\n" if $verbose > 1; |
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299 | last; |
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300 | } |
105 | } |
301 | } |
106 | |
302 | |
107 | $MODEL |
303 | $MODEL |
108 | or die "No event module selected for AnyEvent and autodetect failed. Install any one of these modules: Coro, Event, Glib or Tk."; |
304 | or die "No event module selected for AnyEvent and autodetect failed. Install any one of these modules: Event (or Coro+Event), Glib or Tk."; |
109 | } |
305 | } |
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306 | |
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307 | unshift @ISA, $MODEL; |
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308 | push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base"; |
110 | } |
309 | } |
111 | |
310 | |
112 | @ISA = $MODEL; |
311 | $MODEL |
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312 | } |
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313 | |
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314 | sub AUTOLOAD { |
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315 | (my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://; |
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316 | |
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317 | $method{$func} |
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318 | or croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects"; |
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319 | |
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320 | detect unless $MODEL; |
113 | |
321 | |
114 | my $class = shift; |
322 | my $class = shift; |
115 | $class->$AUTOLOAD (@_); |
323 | $class->$func (@_); |
116 | } |
324 | } |
117 | |
325 | |
118 | =back |
326 | package AnyEvent::Base; |
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327 | |
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328 | # default implementation for ->condvar, ->wait, ->broadcast |
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329 | |
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330 | sub condvar { |
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331 | bless \my $flag, "AnyEvent::Base::CondVar" |
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332 | } |
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333 | |
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334 | sub AnyEvent::Base::CondVar::broadcast { |
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335 | ${$_[0]}++; |
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336 | } |
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337 | |
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338 | sub AnyEvent::Base::CondVar::wait { |
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339 | AnyEvent->one_event while !${$_[0]}; |
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340 | } |
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341 | |
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342 | # default implementation for ->signal |
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343 | |
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344 | our %SIG_CB; |
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345 | |
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346 | sub signal { |
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347 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
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348 | |
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349 | my $signal = uc $arg{signal} |
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350 | or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing"; |
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351 | |
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352 | $SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
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353 | $SIG{$signal} ||= sub { |
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354 | $_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} || {} }; |
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355 | }; |
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356 | |
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357 | bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::Signal" |
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358 | } |
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359 | |
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360 | sub AnyEvent::Base::Signal::DESTROY { |
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361 | my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
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362 | |
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363 | delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb}; |
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364 | |
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365 | $SIG{$signal} = 'DEFAULT' unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} }; |
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366 | } |
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367 | |
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368 | # default implementation for ->child |
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369 | |
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370 | our %PID_CB; |
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371 | our $CHLD_W; |
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372 | our $PID_IDLE; |
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373 | our $WNOHANG; |
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374 | |
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375 | sub _child_wait { |
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376 | while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) { |
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377 | $_->() for values %{ (delete $PID_CB{$pid}) || {} }; |
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378 | } |
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379 | |
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380 | undef $PID_IDLE; |
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381 | } |
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382 | |
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383 | sub child { |
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384 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
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385 | |
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386 | my $pid = uc $arg{pid} |
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387 | or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing"; |
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388 | |
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389 | $PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
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390 | |
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391 | unless ($WNOHANG) { |
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392 | $WNOHANG = eval { require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } || 1; |
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393 | } |
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394 | |
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395 | unless ($CHLD_W) { |
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396 | $CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_child_wait); |
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397 | # child could be a zombie already |
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398 | $PID_IDLE ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => 0, cb => \&_child_wait); |
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399 | } |
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400 | |
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401 | bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::Child" |
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402 | } |
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403 | |
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404 | sub AnyEvent::Base::Child::DESTROY { |
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405 | my ($pid, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
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406 | |
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407 | delete $PID_CB{$pid}{$cb}; |
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408 | delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} }; |
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409 | |
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410 | undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB; |
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411 | } |
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412 | |
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413 | =head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE |
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414 | |
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415 | If you need to support another event library which isn't directly |
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416 | supported by AnyEvent, you can supply your own interface to it by |
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417 | pushing, before the first watcher gets created, the package name of |
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418 | the event module and the package name of the interface to use onto |
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419 | C<@AnyEvent::REGISTRY>. You can do that before and even without loading |
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420 | AnyEvent. |
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421 | |
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422 | Example: |
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423 | |
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424 | push @AnyEvent::REGISTRY, [urxvt => urxvt::anyevent::]; |
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425 | |
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426 | This tells AnyEvent to (literally) use the C<urxvt::anyevent::> |
|
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427 | package/class when it finds the C<urxvt> package/module is loaded. When |
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428 | AnyEvent is loaded and asked to find a suitable event model, it will |
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429 | first check for the presence of urxvt. |
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430 | |
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431 | The class should provide implementations for all watcher types (see |
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432 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event> (source code), L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib> |
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433 | (Source code) and so on for actual examples, use C<perldoc -m |
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434 | AnyEvent::Impl::Glib> to see the sources). |
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435 | |
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436 | The above isn't fictitious, the I<rxvt-unicode> (a.k.a. urxvt) |
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437 | uses the above line as-is. An interface isn't included in AnyEvent |
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438 | because it doesn't make sense outside the embedded interpreter inside |
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439 | I<rxvt-unicode>, and it is updated and maintained as part of the |
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440 | I<rxvt-unicode> distribution. |
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441 | |
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442 | I<rxvt-unicode> also cheats a bit by not providing blocking access to |
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443 | condition variables: code blocking while waiting for a condition will |
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444 | C<die>. This still works with most modules/usages, and blocking calls must |
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445 | not be in an interactive application, so it makes sense. |
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446 | |
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447 | =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES |
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448 | |
|
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449 | The following environment variables are used by this module: |
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450 | |
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451 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE> when set to C<2> or higher, reports which event |
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452 | model gets used. |
119 | |
453 | |
120 | =head1 EXAMPLE |
454 | =head1 EXAMPLE |
121 | |
455 | |
122 | The following program uses an io watcher to read data from stdin, a timer |
456 | The following program uses an io watcher to read data from stdin, a timer |
123 | to display a message once per second, and a condvar to exit the program |
457 | to display a message once per second, and a condvar to exit the program |