1 | =head1 NAME |
1 | =head1 NAME |
2 | |
2 | |
3 | AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops |
3 | AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops |
4 | |
4 | |
5 | EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt, POE - various supported event loops |
5 | EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt and POE are various supported |
|
|
6 | event loops. |
6 | |
7 | |
7 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
8 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
8 | |
9 | |
9 | use AnyEvent; |
10 | use AnyEvent; |
10 | |
11 | |
|
|
12 | # file descriptor readable |
11 | my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r|w", cb => sub { ... }); |
13 | my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r", cb => sub { ... }); |
12 | |
14 | |
|
|
15 | # one-shot or repeating timers |
13 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { ... }); |
16 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { ... }); |
14 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, interval => $seconds, cb => ... |
17 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, interval => $seconds, cb => ... |
15 | |
18 | |
16 | print AnyEvent->now; # prints current event loop time |
19 | print AnyEvent->now; # prints current event loop time |
17 | print AnyEvent->time; # think Time::HiRes::time or simply CORE::time. |
20 | print AnyEvent->time; # think Time::HiRes::time or simply CORE::time. |
18 | |
21 | |
|
|
22 | # POSIX signal |
19 | my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "TERM", cb => sub { ... }); |
23 | my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "TERM", cb => sub { ... }); |
20 | |
24 | |
|
|
25 | # child process exit |
21 | my $w = AnyEvent->child (pid => $pid, cb => sub { |
26 | my $w = AnyEvent->child (pid => $pid, cb => sub { |
22 | my ($pid, $status) = @_; |
27 | my ($pid, $status) = @_; |
23 | ... |
28 | ... |
24 | }); |
29 | }); |
|
|
30 | |
|
|
31 | # called when event loop idle (if applicable) |
|
|
32 | my $w = AnyEvent->idle (cb => sub { ... }); |
25 | |
33 | |
26 | my $w = AnyEvent->condvar; # stores whether a condition was flagged |
34 | my $w = AnyEvent->condvar; # stores whether a condition was flagged |
27 | $w->send; # wake up current and all future recv's |
35 | $w->send; # wake up current and all future recv's |
28 | $w->recv; # enters "main loop" till $condvar gets ->send |
36 | $w->recv; # enters "main loop" till $condvar gets ->send |
29 | # use a condvar in callback mode: |
37 | # use a condvar in callback mode: |
… | |
… | |
137 | These watchers are normal Perl objects with normal Perl lifetime. After |
145 | These watchers are normal Perl objects with normal Perl lifetime. After |
138 | creating a watcher it will immediately "watch" for events and invoke the |
146 | creating a watcher it will immediately "watch" for events and invoke the |
139 | callback when the event occurs (of course, only when the event model |
147 | callback when the event occurs (of course, only when the event model |
140 | is in control). |
148 | is in control). |
141 | |
149 | |
|
|
150 | Note that B<callbacks must not permanently change global variables> |
|
|
151 | potentially in use by the event loop (such as C<$_> or C<$[>) and that B<< |
|
|
152 | callbacks must not C<die> >>. The former is good programming practise in |
|
|
153 | Perl and the latter stems from the fact that exception handling differs |
|
|
154 | widely between event loops. |
|
|
155 | |
142 | To disable the watcher you have to destroy it (e.g. by setting the |
156 | To disable the watcher you have to destroy it (e.g. by setting the |
143 | variable you store it in to C<undef> or otherwise deleting all references |
157 | variable you store it in to C<undef> or otherwise deleting all references |
144 | to it). |
158 | to it). |
145 | |
159 | |
146 | All watchers are created by calling a method on the C<AnyEvent> class. |
160 | All watchers are created by calling a method on the C<AnyEvent> class. |
… | |
… | |
162 | =head2 I/O WATCHERS |
176 | =head2 I/O WATCHERS |
163 | |
177 | |
164 | You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method |
178 | You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method |
165 | with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments: |
179 | with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments: |
166 | |
180 | |
167 | C<fh> the Perl I<file handle> (I<not> file descriptor) to watch for events |
181 | C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch |
168 | (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file handle). C<poll> |
182 | for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file |
|
|
183 | handle). Note that only file handles pointing to things for which |
|
|
184 | non-blocking operation makes sense are allowed. This includes sockets, |
|
|
185 | most character devices, pipes, fifos and so on, but not for example files |
|
|
186 | or block devices. |
|
|
187 | |
169 | must be a string that is either C<r> or C<w>, which creates a watcher |
188 | C<poll> must be a string that is either C<r> or C<w>, which creates a |
170 | waiting for "r"eadable or "w"ritable events, respectively. C<cb> is the |
189 | watcher waiting for "r"eadable or "w"ritable events, respectively. |
|
|
190 | |
171 | callback to invoke each time the file handle becomes ready. |
191 | C<cb> is the callback to invoke each time the file handle becomes ready. |
172 | |
192 | |
173 | Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and |
193 | Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and |
174 | presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent |
194 | presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent |
175 | callbacks cannot use arguments passed to I/O watcher callbacks. |
195 | callbacks cannot use arguments passed to I/O watcher callbacks. |
176 | |
196 | |
… | |
… | |
308 | In either case, if you care (and in most cases, you don't), then you |
328 | In either case, if you care (and in most cases, you don't), then you |
309 | can get whatever behaviour you want with any event loop, by taking the |
329 | can get whatever behaviour you want with any event loop, by taking the |
310 | difference between C<< AnyEvent->time >> and C<< AnyEvent->now >> into |
330 | difference between C<< AnyEvent->time >> and C<< AnyEvent->now >> into |
311 | account. |
331 | account. |
312 | |
332 | |
|
|
333 | =item AnyEvent->now_update |
|
|
334 | |
|
|
335 | Some event loops (such as L<EV> or L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) cache |
|
|
336 | the current time for each loop iteration (see the discussion of L<< |
|
|
337 | AnyEvent->now >>, above). |
|
|
338 | |
|
|
339 | When a callback runs for a long time (or when the process sleeps), then |
|
|
340 | this "current" time will differ substantially from the real time, which |
|
|
341 | might affect timers and time-outs. |
|
|
342 | |
|
|
343 | When this is the case, you can call this method, which will update the |
|
|
344 | event loop's idea of "current time". |
|
|
345 | |
|
|
346 | Note that updating the time I<might> cause some events to be handled. |
|
|
347 | |
313 | =back |
348 | =back |
314 | |
349 | |
315 | =head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS |
350 | =head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS |
316 | |
351 | |
317 | You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal |
352 | You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal |
… | |
… | |
340 | =head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS |
375 | =head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS |
341 | |
376 | |
342 | You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status. |
377 | You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status. |
343 | |
378 | |
344 | The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (if set to C<0>, it |
379 | The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (if set to C<0>, it |
345 | watches for any child process exit). The watcher will trigger as often |
380 | watches for any child process exit). The watcher will triggered only when |
346 | as status change for the child are received. This works by installing a |
381 | the child process has finished and an exit status is available, not on |
347 | signal handler for C<SIGCHLD>. The callback will be called with the pid |
382 | any trace events (stopped/continued). |
348 | and exit status (as returned by waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, |
383 | |
349 | you I<can> rely on child watcher callback arguments. |
384 | The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by |
|
|
385 | waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher |
|
|
386 | callback arguments. |
|
|
387 | |
|
|
388 | This watcher type works by installing a signal handler for C<SIGCHLD>, |
|
|
389 | and since it cannot be shared, nothing else should use SIGCHLD or reap |
|
|
390 | random child processes (waiting for specific child processes, e.g. inside |
|
|
391 | C<system>, is just fine). |
350 | |
392 | |
351 | There is a slight catch to child watchers, however: you usually start them |
393 | There is a slight catch to child watchers, however: you usually start them |
352 | I<after> the child process was created, and this means the process could |
394 | I<after> the child process was created, and this means the process could |
353 | have exited already (and no SIGCHLD will be sent anymore). |
395 | have exited already (and no SIGCHLD will be sent anymore). |
354 | |
396 | |
355 | Not all event models handle this correctly (POE doesn't), but even for |
397 | Not all event models handle this correctly (neither POE nor IO::Async do, |
|
|
398 | see their AnyEvent::Impl manpages for details), but even for event models |
356 | event models that I<do> handle this correctly, they usually need to be |
399 | that I<do> handle this correctly, they usually need to be loaded before |
357 | loaded before the process exits (i.e. before you fork in the first place). |
400 | the process exits (i.e. before you fork in the first place). AnyEvent's |
|
|
401 | pure perl event loop handles all cases correctly regardless of when you |
|
|
402 | start the watcher. |
358 | |
403 | |
359 | This means you cannot create a child watcher as the very first thing in an |
404 | This means you cannot create a child watcher as the very first |
360 | AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one watcher before you |
405 | thing in an AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one |
361 | C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call C<AnyEvent::detect>). |
406 | watcher before you C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call |
|
|
407 | C<AnyEvent::detect>). |
362 | |
408 | |
363 | Example: fork a process and wait for it |
409 | Example: fork a process and wait for it |
364 | |
410 | |
365 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
411 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
366 | |
412 | |
… | |
… | |
376 | ); |
422 | ); |
377 | |
423 | |
378 | # do something else, then wait for process exit |
424 | # do something else, then wait for process exit |
379 | $done->recv; |
425 | $done->recv; |
380 | |
426 | |
|
|
427 | =head2 IDLE WATCHERS |
|
|
428 | |
|
|
429 | Sometimes there is a need to do something, but it is not so important |
|
|
430 | to do it instantly, but only when there is nothing better to do. This |
|
|
431 | "nothing better to do" is usually defined to be "no other events need |
|
|
432 | attention by the event loop". |
|
|
433 | |
|
|
434 | Idle watchers ideally get invoked when the event loop has nothing |
|
|
435 | better to do, just before it would block the process to wait for new |
|
|
436 | events. Instead of blocking, the idle watcher is invoked. |
|
|
437 | |
|
|
438 | Most event loops unfortunately do not really support idle watchers (only |
|
|
439 | EV, Event and Glib do it in a usable fashion) - for the rest, AnyEvent |
|
|
440 | will simply call the callback "from time to time". |
|
|
441 | |
|
|
442 | Example: read lines from STDIN, but only process them when the |
|
|
443 | program is otherwise idle: |
|
|
444 | |
|
|
445 | my @lines; # read data |
|
|
446 | my $idle_w; |
|
|
447 | my $io_w = AnyEvent->io (fh => \*STDIN, poll => 'r', cb => sub { |
|
|
448 | push @lines, scalar <STDIN>; |
|
|
449 | |
|
|
450 | # start an idle watcher, if not already done |
|
|
451 | $idle_w ||= AnyEvent->idle (cb => sub { |
|
|
452 | # handle only one line, when there are lines left |
|
|
453 | if (my $line = shift @lines) { |
|
|
454 | print "handled when idle: $line"; |
|
|
455 | } else { |
|
|
456 | # otherwise disable the idle watcher again |
|
|
457 | undef $idle_w; |
|
|
458 | } |
|
|
459 | }); |
|
|
460 | }); |
|
|
461 | |
381 | =head2 CONDITION VARIABLES |
462 | =head2 CONDITION VARIABLES |
382 | |
463 | |
383 | If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them |
464 | If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them |
384 | require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that |
465 | require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that |
385 | will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks. |
466 | will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks. |
… | |
… | |
389 | |
470 | |
390 | The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called |
471 | The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called |
391 | because they represent a condition that must become true. |
472 | because they represent a condition that must become true. |
392 | |
473 | |
393 | Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar |
474 | Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar |
394 | |
|
|
395 | >> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is |
475 | >> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is |
396 | |
476 | |
397 | C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable |
477 | C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable |
398 | becomes true, with the condition variable as the first argument (but not |
478 | becomes true, with the condition variable as the first argument (but not |
399 | the results). |
479 | the results). |
… | |
… | |
519 | |
599 | |
520 | =item $cv->begin ([group callback]) |
600 | =item $cv->begin ([group callback]) |
521 | |
601 | |
522 | =item $cv->end |
602 | =item $cv->end |
523 | |
603 | |
524 | These two methods are EXPERIMENTAL and MIGHT CHANGE. |
|
|
525 | |
|
|
526 | These two methods can be used to combine many transactions/events into |
604 | These two methods can be used to combine many transactions/events into |
527 | one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want |
605 | one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want |
528 | to use a condition variable for the whole process. |
606 | to use a condition variable for the whole process. |
529 | |
607 | |
530 | Every call to C<< ->begin >> will increment a counter, and every call to |
608 | Every call to C<< ->begin >> will increment a counter, and every call to |
531 | C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end |
609 | C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end |
532 | >>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback |
610 | >>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback |
533 | is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no |
611 | is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no |
534 | callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments. |
612 | callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments. |
535 | |
613 | |
536 | Let's clarify this with the ping example: |
614 | You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call |
|
|
615 | sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND |
|
|
616 | condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends). |
|
|
617 | |
|
|
618 | Let's start with a simple example: you have two I/O watchers (for example, |
|
|
619 | STDOUT and STDERR for a program), and you want to wait for both streams to |
|
|
620 | close before activating a condvar: |
|
|
621 | |
|
|
622 | my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
|
|
623 | |
|
|
624 | $cv->begin; # first watcher |
|
|
625 | my $w1 = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh1, cb => sub { |
|
|
626 | defined sysread $fh1, my $buf, 4096 |
|
|
627 | or $cv->end; |
|
|
628 | }); |
|
|
629 | |
|
|
630 | $cv->begin; # second watcher |
|
|
631 | my $w2 = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh2, cb => sub { |
|
|
632 | defined sysread $fh2, my $buf, 4096 |
|
|
633 | or $cv->end; |
|
|
634 | }); |
|
|
635 | |
|
|
636 | $cv->recv; |
|
|
637 | |
|
|
638 | This works because for every event source (EOF on file handle), there is |
|
|
639 | one call to C<begin>, so the condvar waits for all calls to C<end> before |
|
|
640 | sending. |
|
|
641 | |
|
|
642 | The ping example mentioned above is slightly more complicated, as the |
|
|
643 | there are results to be passwd back, and the number of tasks that are |
|
|
644 | begung can potentially be zero: |
537 | |
645 | |
538 | my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
646 | my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
539 | |
647 | |
540 | my %result; |
648 | my %result; |
541 | $cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) }); |
649 | $cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) }); |
… | |
… | |
561 | loop, which serves two important purposes: first, it sets the callback |
669 | loop, which serves two important purposes: first, it sets the callback |
562 | to be called once the counter reaches C<0>, and second, it ensures that |
670 | to be called once the counter reaches C<0>, and second, it ensures that |
563 | C<send> is called even when C<no> hosts are being pinged (the loop |
671 | C<send> is called even when C<no> hosts are being pinged (the loop |
564 | doesn't execute once). |
672 | doesn't execute once). |
565 | |
673 | |
566 | This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple subrequests: |
674 | This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple (but |
567 | use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set the callback and ensure C<end> |
675 | potentially none) subrequests: use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set |
568 | is called at least once, and then, for each subrequest you start, call |
676 | the callback and ensure C<end> is called at least once, and then, for each |
569 | C<begin> and for each subrequest you finish, call C<end>. |
677 | subrequest you start, call C<begin> and for each subrequest you finish, |
|
|
678 | call C<end>. |
570 | |
679 | |
571 | =back |
680 | =back |
572 | |
681 | |
573 | =head3 METHODS FOR CONSUMERS |
682 | =head3 METHODS FOR CONSUMERS |
574 | |
683 | |
… | |
… | |
631 | variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time |
740 | variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time |
632 | is guaranteed not to block. |
741 | is guaranteed not to block. |
633 | |
742 | |
634 | =back |
743 | =back |
635 | |
744 | |
|
|
745 | =head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS |
|
|
746 | |
|
|
747 | The available backend classes are (every class has its own manpage): |
|
|
748 | |
|
|
749 | =over 4 |
|
|
750 | |
|
|
751 | =item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found. |
|
|
752 | |
|
|
753 | EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in |
|
|
754 | use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will try Event, and, failing |
|
|
755 | that, will fall back to its own pure-perl implementation, which is |
|
|
756 | available everywhere as it comes with AnyEvent itself. |
|
|
757 | |
|
|
758 | AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice). |
|
|
759 | AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches. |
|
|
760 | AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable. |
|
|
761 | |
|
|
762 | =item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used. |
|
|
763 | |
|
|
764 | These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher |
|
|
765 | is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using |
|
|
766 | them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend |
|
|
767 | when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to |
|
|
768 | create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program. |
|
|
769 | |
|
|
770 | AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable. |
|
|
771 | AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken. |
|
|
772 | AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse. |
|
|
773 | AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations. |
|
|
774 | |
|
|
775 | =item Backends with special needs. |
|
|
776 | |
|
|
777 | Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will |
|
|
778 | otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program |
|
|
779 | instantiates the application before any AnyEvent watchers are created, |
|
|
780 | everything should just work. |
|
|
781 | |
|
|
782 | AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt. |
|
|
783 | |
|
|
784 | Support for IO::Async can only be partial, as it is too broken and |
|
|
785 | architecturally limited to even support the AnyEvent API. It also |
|
|
786 | is the only event loop that needs the loop to be set explicitly, so |
|
|
787 | it can only be used by a main program knowing about AnyEvent. See |
|
|
788 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::Async> for the gory details. |
|
|
789 | |
|
|
790 | AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync based on IO::Async, cannot be autoprobed. |
|
|
791 | |
|
|
792 | =item Event loops that are indirectly supported via other backends. |
|
|
793 | |
|
|
794 | Some event loops can be supported via other modules: |
|
|
795 | |
|
|
796 | There is no direct support for WxWidgets (L<Wx>) or L<Prima>. |
|
|
797 | |
|
|
798 | B<WxWidgets> has no support for watching file handles. However, you can |
|
|
799 | use WxWidgets through the POE adaptor, as POE has a Wx backend that simply |
|
|
800 | polls 20 times per second, which was considered to be too horrible to even |
|
|
801 | consider for AnyEvent. |
|
|
802 | |
|
|
803 | B<Prima> is not supported as nobody seems to be using it, but it has a POE |
|
|
804 | backend, so it can be supported through POE. |
|
|
805 | |
|
|
806 | AnyEvent knows about both L<Prima> and L<Wx>, however, and will try to |
|
|
807 | load L<POE> when detecting them, in the hope that POE will pick them up, |
|
|
808 | in which case everything will be automatic. |
|
|
809 | |
|
|
810 | =back |
|
|
811 | |
636 | =head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS |
812 | =head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS |
637 | |
813 | |
638 | =over 4 |
814 | =over 4 |
639 | |
815 | |
640 | =item $AnyEvent::MODEL |
816 | =item $AnyEvent::MODEL |
… | |
… | |
642 | Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created. Then it |
818 | Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created. Then it |
643 | contains the event model that is being used, which is the name of the |
819 | contains the event model that is being used, which is the name of the |
644 | Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one of the |
820 | Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one of the |
645 | C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the case |
821 | C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the case |
646 | AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode>). |
822 | AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode>). |
647 | |
|
|
648 | The known classes so far are: |
|
|
649 | |
|
|
650 | AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (an interface to libev, best choice). |
|
|
651 | AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, second best choice. |
|
|
652 | AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable. |
|
|
653 | AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, third-best choice. |
|
|
654 | AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very bad choice. |
|
|
655 | AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt, cannot be autoprobed (see its docs). |
|
|
656 | AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse. |
|
|
657 | AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, not generic enough for full support. |
|
|
658 | |
|
|
659 | There is no support for WxWidgets, as WxWidgets has no support for |
|
|
660 | watching file handles. However, you can use WxWidgets through the |
|
|
661 | POE Adaptor, as POE has a Wx backend that simply polls 20 times per |
|
|
662 | second, which was considered to be too horrible to even consider for |
|
|
663 | AnyEvent. Likewise, other POE backends can be used by AnyEvent by using |
|
|
664 | it's adaptor. |
|
|
665 | |
|
|
666 | AnyEvent knows about L<Prima> and L<Wx> and will try to use L<POE> when |
|
|
667 | autodetecting them. |
|
|
668 | |
823 | |
669 | =item AnyEvent::detect |
824 | =item AnyEvent::detect |
670 | |
825 | |
671 | Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model |
826 | Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model |
672 | if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would |
827 | if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would |
… | |
… | |
755 | |
910 | |
756 | |
911 | |
757 | =head1 OTHER MODULES |
912 | =head1 OTHER MODULES |
758 | |
913 | |
759 | The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use |
914 | The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use |
760 | AnyEvent and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent modules |
915 | AnyEvent as a client and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent |
761 | in the same program. Some of the modules come with AnyEvent, some are |
916 | modules and other event loops in the same program. Some of the modules |
762 | available via CPAN. |
917 | come with AnyEvent, most are available via CPAN. |
763 | |
918 | |
764 | =over 4 |
919 | =over 4 |
765 | |
920 | |
766 | =item L<AnyEvent::Util> |
921 | =item L<AnyEvent::Util> |
767 | |
922 | |
… | |
… | |
776 | |
931 | |
777 | =item L<AnyEvent::Handle> |
932 | =item L<AnyEvent::Handle> |
778 | |
933 | |
779 | Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes, |
934 | Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes, |
780 | supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and |
935 | supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and |
781 | non-blocking SSL/TLS. |
936 | non-blocking SSL/TLS (via L<AnyEvent::TLS>. |
782 | |
937 | |
783 | =item L<AnyEvent::DNS> |
938 | =item L<AnyEvent::DNS> |
784 | |
939 | |
785 | Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities. |
940 | Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities. |
786 | |
941 | |
… | |
… | |
814 | |
969 | |
815 | =item L<AnyEvent::GPSD> |
970 | =item L<AnyEvent::GPSD> |
816 | |
971 | |
817 | A non-blocking interface to gpsd, a daemon delivering GPS information. |
972 | A non-blocking interface to gpsd, a daemon delivering GPS information. |
818 | |
973 | |
|
|
974 | =item L<AnyEvent::IRC> |
|
|
975 | |
|
|
976 | AnyEvent based IRC client module family (replacing the older Net::IRC3). |
|
|
977 | |
|
|
978 | =item L<AnyEvent::XMPP> |
|
|
979 | |
|
|
980 | AnyEvent based XMPP (Jabber protocol) module family (replacing the older |
|
|
981 | Net::XMPP2>. |
|
|
982 | |
819 | =item L<AnyEvent::IGS> |
983 | =item L<AnyEvent::IGS> |
820 | |
984 | |
821 | A non-blocking interface to the Internet Go Server protocol (used by |
985 | A non-blocking interface to the Internet Go Server protocol (used by |
822 | L<App::IGS>). |
986 | L<App::IGS>). |
823 | |
987 | |
824 | =item L<Net::IRC3> |
|
|
825 | |
|
|
826 | AnyEvent based IRC client module family. |
|
|
827 | |
|
|
828 | =item L<Net::XMPP2> |
|
|
829 | |
|
|
830 | AnyEvent based XMPP (Jabber protocol) module family. |
|
|
831 | |
|
|
832 | =item L<Net::FCP> |
988 | =item L<Net::FCP> |
833 | |
989 | |
834 | AnyEvent-based implementation of the Freenet Client Protocol, birthplace |
990 | AnyEvent-based implementation of the Freenet Client Protocol, birthplace |
835 | of AnyEvent. |
991 | of AnyEvent. |
836 | |
992 | |
… | |
… | |
840 | |
996 | |
841 | =item L<Coro> |
997 | =item L<Coro> |
842 | |
998 | |
843 | Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>. |
999 | Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>. |
844 | |
1000 | |
845 | =item L<IO::Lambda> |
|
|
846 | |
|
|
847 | The lambda approach to I/O - don't ask, look there. Can use AnyEvent. |
|
|
848 | |
|
|
849 | =back |
1001 | =back |
850 | |
1002 | |
851 | =cut |
1003 | =cut |
852 | |
1004 | |
853 | package AnyEvent; |
1005 | package AnyEvent; |
854 | |
1006 | |
855 | no warnings; |
1007 | no warnings; |
856 | use strict; |
1008 | use strict qw(vars subs); |
857 | |
1009 | |
858 | use Carp; |
1010 | use Carp; |
859 | |
1011 | |
860 | our $VERSION = 4.22; |
1012 | our $VERSION = 4.801; |
861 | our $MODEL; |
1013 | our $MODEL; |
862 | |
1014 | |
863 | our $AUTOLOAD; |
1015 | our $AUTOLOAD; |
864 | our @ISA; |
1016 | our @ISA; |
865 | |
1017 | |
866 | our @REGISTRY; |
1018 | our @REGISTRY; |
867 | |
1019 | |
868 | our $WIN32; |
1020 | our $WIN32; |
869 | |
1021 | |
870 | BEGIN { |
1022 | BEGIN { |
871 | my $win32 = ! ! ($^O =~ /mswin32/i); |
1023 | eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }"; |
872 | eval "sub WIN32(){ $win32 }"; |
1024 | eval "sub TAINT(){ " . (${^TAINT}*1) . " }"; |
|
|
1025 | |
|
|
1026 | delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV} |
|
|
1027 | if ${^TAINT}; |
873 | } |
1028 | } |
874 | |
1029 | |
875 | our $verbose = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1; |
1030 | our $verbose = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1; |
876 | |
1031 | |
877 | our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4|ipv6) => (1|2), higher numbers are preferred |
1032 | our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4|ipv6) => (1|2), higher numbers are preferred |
… | |
… | |
888 | [Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::], |
1043 | [Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::], |
889 | [AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::], |
1044 | [AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::], |
890 | # everything below here will not be autoprobed |
1045 | # everything below here will not be autoprobed |
891 | # as the pureperl backend should work everywhere |
1046 | # as the pureperl backend should work everywhere |
892 | # and is usually faster |
1047 | # and is usually faster |
893 | [Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles |
|
|
894 | [Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers |
1048 | [Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers |
895 | [Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy |
1049 | [Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy |
|
|
1050 | [Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles |
|
|
1051 | [POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza |
896 | [Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program |
1052 | [Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program |
897 | [POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza |
|
|
898 | [Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
1053 | [Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
899 | [Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
1054 | [Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
|
|
1055 | # IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its |
|
|
1056 | # byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others. |
|
|
1057 | # IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any |
|
|
1058 | # obvious default class. |
|
|
1059 | # [IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program |
|
|
1060 | # [IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program |
|
|
1061 | # [IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program |
900 | ); |
1062 | ); |
901 | |
1063 | |
902 | our %method = map +($_ => 1), qw(io timer time now signal child condvar one_event DESTROY); |
1064 | our %method = map +($_ => 1), |
|
|
1065 | qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY); |
903 | |
1066 | |
904 | our @post_detect; |
1067 | our @post_detect; |
905 | |
1068 | |
906 | sub post_detect(&) { |
1069 | sub post_detect(&) { |
907 | my ($cb) = @_; |
1070 | my ($cb) = @_; |
… | |
… | |
912 | 1 |
1075 | 1 |
913 | } else { |
1076 | } else { |
914 | push @post_detect, $cb; |
1077 | push @post_detect, $cb; |
915 | |
1078 | |
916 | defined wantarray |
1079 | defined wantarray |
917 | ? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::PostDetect" |
1080 | ? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect" |
918 | : () |
1081 | : () |
919 | } |
1082 | } |
920 | } |
1083 | } |
921 | |
1084 | |
922 | sub AnyEvent::Util::PostDetect::DESTROY { |
1085 | sub AnyEvent::Util::postdetect::DESTROY { |
923 | @post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect; |
1086 | @post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect; |
924 | } |
1087 | } |
925 | |
1088 | |
926 | sub detect() { |
1089 | sub detect() { |
927 | unless ($MODEL) { |
1090 | unless ($MODEL) { |
… | |
… | |
964 | last; |
1127 | last; |
965 | } |
1128 | } |
966 | } |
1129 | } |
967 | |
1130 | |
968 | $MODEL |
1131 | $MODEL |
969 | or die "No event module selected for AnyEvent and autodetect failed. Install any one of these modules: EV, Event or Glib."; |
1132 | or die "No event module selected for AnyEvent and autodetect failed. Install any one of these modules: EV, Event or Glib.\n"; |
970 | } |
1133 | } |
971 | } |
1134 | } |
972 | |
1135 | |
973 | push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base"; |
1136 | push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base"; |
974 | |
1137 | |
… | |
… | |
995 | } |
1158 | } |
996 | |
1159 | |
997 | # utility function to dup a filehandle. this is used by many backends |
1160 | # utility function to dup a filehandle. this is used by many backends |
998 | # to support binding more than one watcher per filehandle (they usually |
1161 | # to support binding more than one watcher per filehandle (they usually |
999 | # allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one). |
1162 | # allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one). |
1000 | sub _dupfh($$$$) { |
1163 | sub _dupfh($$;$$) { |
1001 | my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_; |
1164 | my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_; |
1002 | |
1165 | |
1003 | require Fcntl; |
|
|
1004 | |
|
|
1005 | # cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't |
1166 | # cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't |
1006 | my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<") |
1167 | my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<") : ($w, ">"); |
1007 | : $poll eq "w" ? ($w, ">") |
|
|
1008 | : Carp::croak "AnyEvent->io requires poll set to either 'r' or 'w'"; |
|
|
1009 | |
1168 | |
1010 | open my $fh2, "$mode&" . fileno $fh |
1169 | open my $fh2, "$mode&", $fh |
1011 | or die "cannot dup() filehandle: $!"; |
1170 | or die "AnyEvent->io: cannot dup() filehandle in mode '$poll': $!,"; |
1012 | |
1171 | |
1013 | # we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases |
1172 | # we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases |
1014 | |
1173 | |
1015 | ($fh2, $rw) |
1174 | ($fh2, $rw) |
1016 | } |
1175 | } |
1017 | |
1176 | |
1018 | package AnyEvent::Base; |
1177 | package AnyEvent::Base; |
1019 | |
1178 | |
1020 | # default implementation for now and time |
1179 | # default implementations for many methods |
1021 | |
1180 | |
1022 | use Time::HiRes (); |
1181 | BEGIN { |
|
|
1182 | if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") { |
|
|
1183 | *_time = \&Time::HiRes::time; |
|
|
1184 | # if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())... |
|
|
1185 | } else { |
|
|
1186 | *_time = sub { time }; # epic fail |
|
|
1187 | } |
|
|
1188 | } |
1023 | |
1189 | |
1024 | sub time { Time::HiRes::time } |
1190 | sub time { _time } |
1025 | sub now { Time::HiRes::time } |
1191 | sub now { _time } |
|
|
1192 | sub now_update { } |
1026 | |
1193 | |
1027 | # default implementation for ->condvar |
1194 | # default implementation for ->condvar |
1028 | |
1195 | |
1029 | sub condvar { |
1196 | sub condvar { |
1030 | bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, AnyEvent::CondVar:: |
1197 | bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar" |
1031 | } |
1198 | } |
1032 | |
1199 | |
1033 | # default implementation for ->signal |
1200 | # default implementation for ->signal |
1034 | |
1201 | |
1035 | our %SIG_CB; |
1202 | our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO); |
|
|
1203 | |
|
|
1204 | sub _signal_exec { |
|
|
1205 | sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 4; |
|
|
1206 | |
|
|
1207 | while (%SIG_EV) { |
|
|
1208 | for (keys %SIG_EV) { |
|
|
1209 | delete $SIG_EV{$_}; |
|
|
1210 | $_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} || {} }; |
|
|
1211 | } |
|
|
1212 | } |
|
|
1213 | } |
1036 | |
1214 | |
1037 | sub signal { |
1215 | sub signal { |
1038 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1216 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1039 | |
1217 | |
|
|
1218 | unless ($SIGPIPE_R) { |
|
|
1219 | require Fcntl; |
|
|
1220 | |
|
|
1221 | if (AnyEvent::WIN32) { |
|
|
1222 | require AnyEvent::Util; |
|
|
1223 | |
|
|
1224 | ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe (); |
|
|
1225 | AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R) if $SIGPIPE_R; |
|
|
1226 | AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case |
|
|
1227 | } else { |
|
|
1228 | pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W; |
|
|
1229 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R; |
|
|
1230 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case |
|
|
1231 | |
|
|
1232 | # not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure... |
|
|
1233 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC; |
|
|
1234 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC; |
|
|
1235 | } |
|
|
1236 | |
|
|
1237 | $SIGPIPE_R |
|
|
1238 | or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n"; |
|
|
1239 | |
|
|
1240 | $SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec); |
|
|
1241 | } |
|
|
1242 | |
1040 | my $signal = uc $arg{signal} |
1243 | my $signal = uc $arg{signal} |
1041 | or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing"; |
1244 | or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing"; |
1042 | |
1245 | |
1043 | $SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
1246 | $SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
1044 | $SIG{$signal} ||= sub { |
1247 | $SIG{$signal} ||= sub { |
1045 | $_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} || {} }; |
1248 | local $!; |
|
|
1249 | syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV; |
|
|
1250 | undef $SIG_EV{$signal}; |
1046 | }; |
1251 | }; |
1047 | |
1252 | |
1048 | bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::Signal" |
1253 | bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal" |
1049 | } |
1254 | } |
1050 | |
1255 | |
1051 | sub AnyEvent::Base::Signal::DESTROY { |
1256 | sub AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY { |
1052 | my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
1257 | my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
1053 | |
1258 | |
1054 | delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb}; |
1259 | delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb}; |
1055 | |
1260 | |
|
|
1261 | # delete doesn't work with older perls - they then |
|
|
1262 | # print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit |
|
|
1263 | # instead of getting the default action. |
1056 | delete $SIG{$signal} unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} }; |
1264 | undef $SIG{$signal} unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} }; |
1057 | } |
1265 | } |
1058 | |
1266 | |
1059 | # default implementation for ->child |
1267 | # default implementation for ->child |
1060 | |
1268 | |
1061 | our %PID_CB; |
1269 | our %PID_CB; |
1062 | our $CHLD_W; |
1270 | our $CHLD_W; |
1063 | our $CHLD_DELAY_W; |
1271 | our $CHLD_DELAY_W; |
1064 | our $PID_IDLE; |
|
|
1065 | our $WNOHANG; |
1272 | our $WNOHANG; |
1066 | |
1273 | |
1067 | sub _child_wait { |
1274 | sub _sigchld { |
1068 | while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) { |
1275 | while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) { |
1069 | $_->($pid, $?) for (values %{ $PID_CB{$pid} || {} }), |
1276 | $_->($pid, $?) for (values %{ $PID_CB{$pid} || {} }), |
1070 | (values %{ $PID_CB{0} || {} }); |
1277 | (values %{ $PID_CB{0} || {} }); |
1071 | } |
1278 | } |
1072 | |
|
|
1073 | undef $PID_IDLE; |
|
|
1074 | } |
|
|
1075 | |
|
|
1076 | sub _sigchld { |
|
|
1077 | # make sure we deliver these changes "synchronous" with the event loop. |
|
|
1078 | $CHLD_DELAY_W ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => 0, cb => sub { |
|
|
1079 | undef $CHLD_DELAY_W; |
|
|
1080 | &_child_wait; |
|
|
1081 | }); |
|
|
1082 | } |
1279 | } |
1083 | |
1280 | |
1084 | sub child { |
1281 | sub child { |
1085 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1282 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1086 | |
1283 | |
1087 | defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0) |
1284 | defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0) |
1088 | or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing"; |
1285 | or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing"; |
1089 | |
1286 | |
1090 | $PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
1287 | $PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
1091 | |
1288 | |
1092 | unless ($WNOHANG) { |
|
|
1093 | $WNOHANG = eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } || 1; |
1289 | $WNOHANG ||= eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } || 1; |
1094 | } |
|
|
1095 | |
1290 | |
1096 | unless ($CHLD_W) { |
1291 | unless ($CHLD_W) { |
1097 | $CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld); |
1292 | $CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld); |
1098 | # child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round |
1293 | # child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round |
1099 | &_sigchld; |
1294 | &_sigchld; |
1100 | } |
1295 | } |
1101 | |
1296 | |
1102 | bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::Child" |
1297 | bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child" |
1103 | } |
1298 | } |
1104 | |
1299 | |
1105 | sub AnyEvent::Base::Child::DESTROY { |
1300 | sub AnyEvent::Base::child::DESTROY { |
1106 | my ($pid, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
1301 | my ($pid, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
1107 | |
1302 | |
1108 | delete $PID_CB{$pid}{$cb}; |
1303 | delete $PID_CB{$pid}{$cb}; |
1109 | delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} }; |
1304 | delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} }; |
1110 | |
1305 | |
1111 | undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB; |
1306 | undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB; |
|
|
1307 | } |
|
|
1308 | |
|
|
1309 | # idle emulation is done by simply using a timer, regardless |
|
|
1310 | # of whether the process is idle or not, and not letting |
|
|
1311 | # the callback use more than 50% of the time. |
|
|
1312 | sub idle { |
|
|
1313 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
|
|
1314 | |
|
|
1315 | my ($cb, $w, $rcb) = $arg{cb}; |
|
|
1316 | |
|
|
1317 | $rcb = sub { |
|
|
1318 | if ($cb) { |
|
|
1319 | $w = _time; |
|
|
1320 | &$cb; |
|
|
1321 | $w = _time - $w; |
|
|
1322 | |
|
|
1323 | # never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher, |
|
|
1324 | # within some limits |
|
|
1325 | $w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001; |
|
|
1326 | $w = 5 if $w > 5; |
|
|
1327 | |
|
|
1328 | $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $w, cb => $rcb); |
|
|
1329 | } else { |
|
|
1330 | # clean up... |
|
|
1331 | undef $w; |
|
|
1332 | undef $rcb; |
|
|
1333 | } |
|
|
1334 | }; |
|
|
1335 | |
|
|
1336 | $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 0.05, cb => $rcb); |
|
|
1337 | |
|
|
1338 | bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle" |
|
|
1339 | } |
|
|
1340 | |
|
|
1341 | sub AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY { |
|
|
1342 | undef $${$_[0]}; |
1112 | } |
1343 | } |
1113 | |
1344 | |
1114 | package AnyEvent::CondVar; |
1345 | package AnyEvent::CondVar; |
1115 | |
1346 | |
1116 | our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::; |
1347 | our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::; |
… | |
… | |
1168 | } |
1399 | } |
1169 | |
1400 | |
1170 | # undocumented/compatibility with pre-3.4 |
1401 | # undocumented/compatibility with pre-3.4 |
1171 | *broadcast = \&send; |
1402 | *broadcast = \&send; |
1172 | *wait = \&_wait; |
1403 | *wait = \&_wait; |
|
|
1404 | |
|
|
1405 | =head1 ERROR AND EXCEPTION HANDLING |
|
|
1406 | |
|
|
1407 | In general, AnyEvent does not do any error handling - it relies on the |
|
|
1408 | caller to do that if required. The L<AnyEvent::Strict> module (see also |
|
|
1409 | the C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT> environment variable, below) provides strict |
|
|
1410 | checking of all AnyEvent methods, however, which is highly useful during |
|
|
1411 | development. |
|
|
1412 | |
|
|
1413 | As for exception handling (i.e. runtime errors and exceptions thrown while |
|
|
1414 | executing a callback), this is not only highly event-loop specific, but |
|
|
1415 | also not in any way wrapped by this module, as this is the job of the main |
|
|
1416 | program. |
|
|
1417 | |
|
|
1418 | The pure perl event loop simply re-throws the exception (usually |
|
|
1419 | within C<< condvar->recv >>), the L<Event> and L<EV> modules call C<< |
|
|
1420 | $Event/EV::DIED->() >>, L<Glib> uses C<< install_exception_handler >> and |
|
|
1421 | so on. |
|
|
1422 | |
|
|
1423 | =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES |
|
|
1424 | |
|
|
1425 | The following environment variables are used by this module or its |
|
|
1426 | submodules. |
|
|
1427 | |
|
|
1428 | Note that AnyEvent will remove I<all> environment variables starting with |
|
|
1429 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_> from C<%ENV> when it is loaded while taint mode is |
|
|
1430 | enabled. |
|
|
1431 | |
|
|
1432 | =over 4 |
|
|
1433 | |
|
|
1434 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE> |
|
|
1435 | |
|
|
1436 | By default, AnyEvent will be completely silent except in fatal |
|
|
1437 | conditions. You can set this environment variable to make AnyEvent more |
|
|
1438 | talkative. |
|
|
1439 | |
|
|
1440 | When set to C<1> or higher, causes AnyEvent to warn about unexpected |
|
|
1441 | conditions, such as not being able to load the event model specified by |
|
|
1442 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>. |
|
|
1443 | |
|
|
1444 | When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event |
|
|
1445 | model it chooses. |
|
|
1446 | |
|
|
1447 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT> |
|
|
1448 | |
|
|
1449 | AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough |
|
|
1450 | argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value |
|
|
1451 | will cause AnyEvent to load C<AnyEvent::Strict> and then to thoroughly |
|
|
1452 | check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems, |
|
|
1453 | it will croak. |
|
|
1454 | |
|
|
1455 | In other words, enables "strict" mode. |
|
|
1456 | |
|
|
1457 | Unlike C<use strict>, it is definitely recommended to keep it off in |
|
|
1458 | production. Keeping C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while |
|
|
1459 | developing programs can be very useful, however. |
|
|
1460 | |
|
|
1461 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL> |
|
|
1462 | |
|
|
1463 | This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before |
|
|
1464 | auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting |
|
|
1465 | entirely of ASCII letters. The string C<AnyEvent::Impl::> gets prepended |
|
|
1466 | and the resulting module name is loaded and if the load was successful, |
|
|
1467 | used as event model. If it fails to load AnyEvent will proceed with |
|
|
1468 | auto detection and -probing. |
|
|
1469 | |
|
|
1470 | This functionality might change in future versions. |
|
|
1471 | |
|
|
1472 | For example, to force the pure perl model (L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) you |
|
|
1473 | could start your program like this: |
|
|
1474 | |
|
|
1475 | PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL=Perl perl ... |
|
|
1476 | |
|
|
1477 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS> |
|
|
1478 | |
|
|
1479 | Used by both L<AnyEvent::DNS> and L<AnyEvent::Socket> to determine preferences |
|
|
1480 | for IPv4 or IPv6. The default is unspecified (and might change, or be the result |
|
|
1481 | of auto probing). |
|
|
1482 | |
|
|
1483 | Must be set to a comma-separated list of protocols or address families, |
|
|
1484 | current supported: C<ipv4> and C<ipv6>. Only protocols mentioned will be |
|
|
1485 | used, and preference will be given to protocols mentioned earlier in the |
|
|
1486 | list. |
|
|
1487 | |
|
|
1488 | This variable can effectively be used for denial-of-service attacks |
|
|
1489 | against local programs (e.g. when setuid), although the impact is likely |
|
|
1490 | small, as the program has to handle conenction and other failures anyways. |
|
|
1491 | |
|
|
1492 | Examples: C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv4,ipv6> - prefer IPv4 over IPv6, |
|
|
1493 | but support both and try to use both. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv4> |
|
|
1494 | - only support IPv4, never try to resolve or contact IPv6 |
|
|
1495 | addresses. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv6,ipv4> support either IPv4 or |
|
|
1496 | IPv6, but prefer IPv6 over IPv4. |
|
|
1497 | |
|
|
1498 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_EDNS0> |
|
|
1499 | |
|
|
1500 | Used by L<AnyEvent::DNS> to decide whether to use the EDNS0 extension |
|
|
1501 | for DNS. This extension is generally useful to reduce DNS traffic, but |
|
|
1502 | some (broken) firewalls drop such DNS packets, which is why it is off by |
|
|
1503 | default. |
|
|
1504 | |
|
|
1505 | Setting this variable to C<1> will cause L<AnyEvent::DNS> to announce |
|
|
1506 | EDNS0 in its DNS requests. |
|
|
1507 | |
|
|
1508 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS> |
|
|
1509 | |
|
|
1510 | The maximum number of child processes that C<AnyEvent::Util::fork_call> |
|
|
1511 | will create in parallel. |
|
|
1512 | |
|
|
1513 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_OUTSTANDING_DNS> |
|
|
1514 | |
|
|
1515 | The default value for the C<max_outstanding> parameter for the default DNS |
|
|
1516 | resolver - this is the maximum number of parallel DNS requests that are |
|
|
1517 | sent to the DNS server. |
|
|
1518 | |
|
|
1519 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_RESOLV_CONF> |
|
|
1520 | |
|
|
1521 | The file to use instead of F</etc/resolv.conf> (or OS-specific |
|
|
1522 | configuration) in the default resolver. When set to the empty string, no |
|
|
1523 | default config will be used. |
|
|
1524 | |
|
|
1525 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_FILE>, C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_PATH>. |
|
|
1526 | |
|
|
1527 | When neither C<ca_file> nor C<ca_path> was specified during |
|
|
1528 | L<AnyEvent::TLS> context creation, and either of these environment |
|
|
1529 | variables exist, they will be used to specify CA certificate locations |
|
|
1530 | instead of a system-dependent default. |
|
|
1531 | |
|
|
1532 | =back |
1173 | |
1533 | |
1174 | =head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE |
1534 | =head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE |
1175 | |
1535 | |
1176 | This is an advanced topic that you do not normally need to use AnyEvent in |
1536 | This is an advanced topic that you do not normally need to use AnyEvent in |
1177 | a module. This section is only of use to event loop authors who want to |
1537 | a module. This section is only of use to event loop authors who want to |
… | |
… | |
1211 | |
1571 | |
1212 | I<rxvt-unicode> also cheats a bit by not providing blocking access to |
1572 | I<rxvt-unicode> also cheats a bit by not providing blocking access to |
1213 | condition variables: code blocking while waiting for a condition will |
1573 | condition variables: code blocking while waiting for a condition will |
1214 | C<die>. This still works with most modules/usages, and blocking calls must |
1574 | C<die>. This still works with most modules/usages, and blocking calls must |
1215 | not be done in an interactive application, so it makes sense. |
1575 | not be done in an interactive application, so it makes sense. |
1216 | |
|
|
1217 | =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES |
|
|
1218 | |
|
|
1219 | The following environment variables are used by this module: |
|
|
1220 | |
|
|
1221 | =over 4 |
|
|
1222 | |
|
|
1223 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE> |
|
|
1224 | |
|
|
1225 | By default, AnyEvent will be completely silent except in fatal |
|
|
1226 | conditions. You can set this environment variable to make AnyEvent more |
|
|
1227 | talkative. |
|
|
1228 | |
|
|
1229 | When set to C<1> or higher, causes AnyEvent to warn about unexpected |
|
|
1230 | conditions, such as not being able to load the event model specified by |
|
|
1231 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>. |
|
|
1232 | |
|
|
1233 | When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event |
|
|
1234 | model it chooses. |
|
|
1235 | |
|
|
1236 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT> |
|
|
1237 | |
|
|
1238 | AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough |
|
|
1239 | argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value |
|
|
1240 | will cause AnyEvent to load C<AnyEvent::Strict> and then to thoroughly |
|
|
1241 | check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems |
|
|
1242 | it will croak. |
|
|
1243 | |
|
|
1244 | In other words, enables "strict" mode. |
|
|
1245 | |
|
|
1246 | Unlike C<use strict> it is definitely recommended ot keep it off in |
|
|
1247 | production. |
|
|
1248 | |
|
|
1249 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL> |
|
|
1250 | |
|
|
1251 | This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before |
|
|
1252 | auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting |
|
|
1253 | entirely of ASCII letters. The string C<AnyEvent::Impl::> gets prepended |
|
|
1254 | and the resulting module name is loaded and if the load was successful, |
|
|
1255 | used as event model. If it fails to load AnyEvent will proceed with |
|
|
1256 | auto detection and -probing. |
|
|
1257 | |
|
|
1258 | This functionality might change in future versions. |
|
|
1259 | |
|
|
1260 | For example, to force the pure perl model (L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) you |
|
|
1261 | could start your program like this: |
|
|
1262 | |
|
|
1263 | PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL=Perl perl ... |
|
|
1264 | |
|
|
1265 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS> |
|
|
1266 | |
|
|
1267 | Used by both L<AnyEvent::DNS> and L<AnyEvent::Socket> to determine preferences |
|
|
1268 | for IPv4 or IPv6. The default is unspecified (and might change, or be the result |
|
|
1269 | of auto probing). |
|
|
1270 | |
|
|
1271 | Must be set to a comma-separated list of protocols or address families, |
|
|
1272 | current supported: C<ipv4> and C<ipv6>. Only protocols mentioned will be |
|
|
1273 | used, and preference will be given to protocols mentioned earlier in the |
|
|
1274 | list. |
|
|
1275 | |
|
|
1276 | This variable can effectively be used for denial-of-service attacks |
|
|
1277 | against local programs (e.g. when setuid), although the impact is likely |
|
|
1278 | small, as the program has to handle connection errors already- |
|
|
1279 | |
|
|
1280 | Examples: C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv4,ipv6> - prefer IPv4 over IPv6, |
|
|
1281 | but support both and try to use both. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv4> |
|
|
1282 | - only support IPv4, never try to resolve or contact IPv6 |
|
|
1283 | addresses. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv6,ipv4> support either IPv4 or |
|
|
1284 | IPv6, but prefer IPv6 over IPv4. |
|
|
1285 | |
|
|
1286 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_EDNS0> |
|
|
1287 | |
|
|
1288 | Used by L<AnyEvent::DNS> to decide whether to use the EDNS0 extension |
|
|
1289 | for DNS. This extension is generally useful to reduce DNS traffic, but |
|
|
1290 | some (broken) firewalls drop such DNS packets, which is why it is off by |
|
|
1291 | default. |
|
|
1292 | |
|
|
1293 | Setting this variable to C<1> will cause L<AnyEvent::DNS> to announce |
|
|
1294 | EDNS0 in its DNS requests. |
|
|
1295 | |
|
|
1296 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS> |
|
|
1297 | |
|
|
1298 | The maximum number of child processes that C<AnyEvent::Util::fork_call> |
|
|
1299 | will create in parallel. |
|
|
1300 | |
|
|
1301 | =back |
|
|
1302 | |
1576 | |
1303 | =head1 EXAMPLE PROGRAM |
1577 | =head1 EXAMPLE PROGRAM |
1304 | |
1578 | |
1305 | The following program uses an I/O watcher to read data from STDIN, a timer |
1579 | The following program uses an I/O watcher to read data from STDIN, a timer |
1306 | to display a message once per second, and a condition variable to quit the |
1580 | to display a message once per second, and a condition variable to quit the |
… | |
… | |
1500 | watcher. |
1774 | watcher. |
1501 | |
1775 | |
1502 | =head3 Results |
1776 | =head3 Results |
1503 | |
1777 | |
1504 | name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment |
1778 | name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment |
1505 | EV/EV 400000 244 0.56 0.46 0.31 EV native interface |
1779 | EV/EV 400000 224 0.47 0.35 0.27 EV native interface |
1506 | EV/Any 100000 244 2.50 0.46 0.29 EV + AnyEvent watchers |
1780 | EV/Any 100000 224 2.88 0.34 0.27 EV + AnyEvent watchers |
1507 | CoroEV/Any 100000 244 2.49 0.44 0.29 coroutines + Coro::Signal |
1781 | CoroEV/Any 100000 224 2.85 0.35 0.28 coroutines + Coro::Signal |
1508 | Perl/Any 100000 513 4.92 0.87 1.12 pure perl implementation |
1782 | Perl/Any 100000 452 4.13 0.73 0.95 pure perl implementation |
1509 | Event/Event 16000 516 31.88 31.30 0.85 Event native interface |
1783 | Event/Event 16000 517 32.20 31.80 0.81 Event native interface |
1510 | Event/Any 16000 590 35.75 31.42 1.08 Event + AnyEvent watchers |
1784 | Event/Any 16000 590 35.85 31.55 1.06 Event + AnyEvent watchers |
|
|
1785 | IOAsync/Any 16000 989 38.10 32.77 11.13 via IO::Async::Loop::IO_Poll |
|
|
1786 | IOAsync/Any 16000 990 37.59 29.50 10.61 via IO::Async::Loop::Epoll |
1511 | Glib/Any 16000 1357 98.22 12.41 54.00 quadratic behaviour |
1787 | Glib/Any 16000 1357 102.33 12.31 51.00 quadratic behaviour |
1512 | Tk/Any 2000 1860 26.97 67.98 14.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers |
1788 | Tk/Any 2000 1860 27.20 66.31 14.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers |
1513 | POE/Event 2000 6644 108.64 736.02 14.73 via POE::Loop::Event |
1789 | POE/Event 2000 6328 109.99 751.67 14.02 via POE::Loop::Event |
1514 | POE/Select 2000 6343 94.13 809.12 565.96 via POE::Loop::Select |
1790 | POE/Select 2000 6027 94.54 809.13 579.80 via POE::Loop::Select |
1515 | |
1791 | |
1516 | =head3 Discussion |
1792 | =head3 Discussion |
1517 | |
1793 | |
1518 | The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very |
1794 | The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very |
1519 | well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one) |
1795 | well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one) |
… | |
… | |
1544 | performance becomes really bad with lots of file descriptors (and few of |
1820 | performance becomes really bad with lots of file descriptors (and few of |
1545 | them active), of course, but this was not subject of this benchmark. |
1821 | them active), of course, but this was not subject of this benchmark. |
1546 | |
1822 | |
1547 | The C<Event> module has a relatively high setup and callback invocation |
1823 | The C<Event> module has a relatively high setup and callback invocation |
1548 | cost, but overall scores in on the third place. |
1824 | cost, but overall scores in on the third place. |
|
|
1825 | |
|
|
1826 | C<IO::Async> performs admirably well, about on par with C<Event>, even |
|
|
1827 | when using its pure perl backend. |
1549 | |
1828 | |
1550 | C<Glib>'s memory usage is quite a bit higher, but it features a |
1829 | C<Glib>'s memory usage is quite a bit higher, but it features a |
1551 | faster callback invocation and overall ends up in the same class as |
1830 | faster callback invocation and overall ends up in the same class as |
1552 | C<Event>. However, Glib scales extremely badly, doubling the number of |
1831 | C<Event>. However, Glib scales extremely badly, doubling the number of |
1553 | watchers increases the processing time by more than a factor of four, |
1832 | watchers increases the processing time by more than a factor of four, |
… | |
… | |
1631 | it to another server. This includes deleting the old timeout and creating |
1910 | it to another server. This includes deleting the old timeout and creating |
1632 | a new one that moves the timeout into the future. |
1911 | a new one that moves the timeout into the future. |
1633 | |
1912 | |
1634 | =head3 Results |
1913 | =head3 Results |
1635 | |
1914 | |
1636 | name sockets create request |
1915 | name sockets create request |
1637 | EV 20000 69.01 11.16 |
1916 | EV 20000 69.01 11.16 |
1638 | Perl 20000 73.32 35.87 |
1917 | Perl 20000 73.32 35.87 |
|
|
1918 | IOAsync 20000 157.00 98.14 epoll |
|
|
1919 | IOAsync 20000 159.31 616.06 poll |
1639 | Event 20000 212.62 257.32 |
1920 | Event 20000 212.62 257.32 |
1640 | Glib 20000 651.16 1896.30 |
1921 | Glib 20000 651.16 1896.30 |
1641 | POE 20000 349.67 12317.24 uses POE::Loop::Event |
1922 | POE 20000 349.67 12317.24 uses POE::Loop::Event |
1642 | |
1923 | |
1643 | =head3 Discussion |
1924 | =head3 Discussion |
1644 | |
1925 | |
1645 | This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the |
1926 | This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the |
1646 | particular event loop. |
1927 | particular event loop. |
… | |
… | |
1648 | EV is again fastest. Since it is using epoll on my system, the setup time |
1929 | EV is again fastest. Since it is using epoll on my system, the setup time |
1649 | is relatively high, though. |
1930 | is relatively high, though. |
1650 | |
1931 | |
1651 | Perl surprisingly comes second. It is much faster than the C-based event |
1932 | Perl surprisingly comes second. It is much faster than the C-based event |
1652 | loops Event and Glib. |
1933 | loops Event and Glib. |
|
|
1934 | |
|
|
1935 | IO::Async performs very well when using its epoll backend, and still quite |
|
|
1936 | good compared to Glib when using its pure perl backend. |
1653 | |
1937 | |
1654 | Event suffers from high setup time as well (look at its code and you will |
1938 | Event suffers from high setup time as well (look at its code and you will |
1655 | understand why). Callback invocation also has a high overhead compared to |
1939 | understand why). Callback invocation also has a high overhead compared to |
1656 | the C<< $_->() for .. >>-style loop that the Perl event loop uses. Event |
1940 | the C<< $_->() for .. >>-style loop that the Perl event loop uses. Event |
1657 | uses select or poll in basically all documented configurations. |
1941 | uses select or poll in basically all documented configurations. |
… | |
… | |
1720 | =item * C-based event loops perform very well with small number of |
2004 | =item * C-based event loops perform very well with small number of |
1721 | watchers, as the management overhead dominates. |
2005 | watchers, as the management overhead dominates. |
1722 | |
2006 | |
1723 | =back |
2007 | =back |
1724 | |
2008 | |
|
|
2009 | =head2 THE IO::Lambda BENCHMARK |
|
|
2010 | |
|
|
2011 | Recently I was told about the benchmark in the IO::Lambda manpage, which |
|
|
2012 | could be misinterpreted to make AnyEvent look bad. In fact, the benchmark |
|
|
2013 | simply compares IO::Lambda with POE, and IO::Lambda looks better (which |
|
|
2014 | shouldn't come as a surprise to anybody). As such, the benchmark is |
|
|
2015 | fine, and mostly shows that the AnyEvent backend from IO::Lambda isn't |
|
|
2016 | very optimal. But how would AnyEvent compare when used without the extra |
|
|
2017 | baggage? To explore this, I wrote the equivalent benchmark for AnyEvent. |
|
|
2018 | |
|
|
2019 | The benchmark itself creates an echo-server, and then, for 500 times, |
|
|
2020 | connects to the echo server, sends a line, waits for the reply, and then |
|
|
2021 | creates the next connection. This is a rather bad benchmark, as it doesn't |
|
|
2022 | test the efficiency of the framework or much non-blocking I/O, but it is a |
|
|
2023 | benchmark nevertheless. |
|
|
2024 | |
|
|
2025 | name runtime |
|
|
2026 | Lambda/select 0.330 sec |
|
|
2027 | + optimized 0.122 sec |
|
|
2028 | Lambda/AnyEvent 0.327 sec |
|
|
2029 | + optimized 0.138 sec |
|
|
2030 | Raw sockets/select 0.077 sec |
|
|
2031 | POE/select, components 0.662 sec |
|
|
2032 | POE/select, raw sockets 0.226 sec |
|
|
2033 | POE/select, optimized 0.404 sec |
|
|
2034 | |
|
|
2035 | AnyEvent/select/nb 0.085 sec |
|
|
2036 | AnyEvent/EV/nb 0.068 sec |
|
|
2037 | +state machine 0.134 sec |
|
|
2038 | |
|
|
2039 | The benchmark is also a bit unfair (my fault): the IO::Lambda/POE |
|
|
2040 | benchmarks actually make blocking connects and use 100% blocking I/O, |
|
|
2041 | defeating the purpose of an event-based solution. All of the newly |
|
|
2042 | written AnyEvent benchmarks use 100% non-blocking connects (using |
|
|
2043 | AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect and the asynchronous pure perl DNS |
|
|
2044 | resolver), so AnyEvent is at a disadvantage here, as non-blocking connects |
|
|
2045 | generally require a lot more bookkeeping and event handling than blocking |
|
|
2046 | connects (which involve a single syscall only). |
|
|
2047 | |
|
|
2048 | The last AnyEvent benchmark additionally uses L<AnyEvent::Handle>, which |
|
|
2049 | offers similar expressive power as POE and IO::Lambda, using conventional |
|
|
2050 | Perl syntax. This means that both the echo server and the client are 100% |
|
|
2051 | non-blocking, further placing it at a disadvantage. |
|
|
2052 | |
|
|
2053 | As you can see, the AnyEvent + EV combination even beats the |
|
|
2054 | hand-optimised "raw sockets benchmark", while AnyEvent + its pure perl |
|
|
2055 | backend easily beats IO::Lambda and POE. |
|
|
2056 | |
|
|
2057 | And even the 100% non-blocking version written using the high-level (and |
|
|
2058 | slow :) L<AnyEvent::Handle> abstraction beats both POE and IO::Lambda by a |
|
|
2059 | large margin, even though it does all of DNS, tcp-connect and socket I/O |
|
|
2060 | in a non-blocking way. |
|
|
2061 | |
|
|
2062 | The two AnyEvent benchmarks programs can be found as F<eg/ae0.pl> and |
|
|
2063 | F<eg/ae2.pl> in the AnyEvent distribution, the remaining benchmarks are |
|
|
2064 | part of the IO::lambda distribution and were used without any changes. |
|
|
2065 | |
|
|
2066 | |
|
|
2067 | =head1 SIGNALS |
|
|
2068 | |
|
|
2069 | AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals: |
|
|
2070 | |
|
|
2071 | =over 4 |
|
|
2072 | |
|
|
2073 | =item SIGCHLD |
|
|
2074 | |
|
|
2075 | A handler for C<SIGCHLD> is installed by AnyEvent's child watcher |
|
|
2076 | emulation for event loops that do not support them natively. Also, some |
|
|
2077 | event loops install a similar handler. |
|
|
2078 | |
|
|
2079 | If, when AnyEvent is loaded, SIGCHLD is set to IGNORE, then AnyEvent will |
|
|
2080 | reset it to default, to avoid losing child exit statuses. |
|
|
2081 | |
|
|
2082 | =item SIGPIPE |
|
|
2083 | |
|
|
2084 | A no-op handler is installed for C<SIGPIPE> when C<$SIG{PIPE}> is C<undef> |
|
|
2085 | when AnyEvent gets loaded. |
|
|
2086 | |
|
|
2087 | The rationale for this is that AnyEvent users usually do not really depend |
|
|
2088 | on SIGPIPE delivery (which is purely an optimisation for shell use, or |
|
|
2089 | badly-written programs), but C<SIGPIPE> can cause spurious and rare |
|
|
2090 | program exits as a lot of people do not expect C<SIGPIPE> when writing to |
|
|
2091 | some random socket. |
|
|
2092 | |
|
|
2093 | The rationale for installing a no-op handler as opposed to ignoring it is |
|
|
2094 | that this way, the handler will be restored to defaults on exec. |
|
|
2095 | |
|
|
2096 | Feel free to install your own handler, or reset it to defaults. |
|
|
2097 | |
|
|
2098 | =back |
|
|
2099 | |
|
|
2100 | =cut |
|
|
2101 | |
|
|
2102 | undef $SIG{CHLD} |
|
|
2103 | if $SIG{CHLD} eq 'IGNORE'; |
|
|
2104 | |
|
|
2105 | $SIG{PIPE} = sub { } |
|
|
2106 | unless defined $SIG{PIPE}; |
1725 | |
2107 | |
1726 | =head1 FORK |
2108 | =head1 FORK |
1727 | |
2109 | |
1728 | Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are |
2110 | Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are |
1729 | because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll> |
2111 | because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll> |
… | |
… | |
1750 | use AnyEvent; |
2132 | use AnyEvent; |
1751 | |
2133 | |
1752 | Similar considerations apply to $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}, as that can |
2134 | Similar considerations apply to $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}, as that can |
1753 | be used to probe what backend is used and gain other information (which is |
2135 | be used to probe what backend is used and gain other information (which is |
1754 | probably even less useful to an attacker than PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL), and |
2136 | probably even less useful to an attacker than PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL), and |
1755 | $ENV{PERL_ANYEGENT_STRICT}. |
2137 | $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT}. |
|
|
2138 | |
|
|
2139 | Note that AnyEvent will remove I<all> environment variables starting with |
|
|
2140 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_> from C<%ENV> when it is loaded while taint mode is |
|
|
2141 | enabled. |
1756 | |
2142 | |
1757 | |
2143 | |
1758 | =head1 BUGS |
2144 | =head1 BUGS |
1759 | |
2145 | |
1760 | Perl 5.8 has numerous memleaks that sometimes hit this module and are hard |
2146 | Perl 5.8 has numerous memleaks that sometimes hit this module and are hard |
1761 | to work around. If you suffer from memleaks, first upgrade to Perl 5.10 |
2147 | to work around. If you suffer from memleaks, first upgrade to Perl 5.10 |
1762 | and check wether the leaks still show up. (Perl 5.10.0 has other annoying |
2148 | and check wether the leaks still show up. (Perl 5.10.0 has other annoying |
1763 | mamleaks, such as leaking on C<map> and C<grep> but it is usually not as |
2149 | memleaks, such as leaking on C<map> and C<grep> but it is usually not as |
1764 | pronounced). |
2150 | pronounced). |
1765 | |
2151 | |
1766 | |
2152 | |
1767 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
2153 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
1768 | |
2154 | |
… | |
… | |
1772 | L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>. |
2158 | L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>. |
1773 | |
2159 | |
1774 | Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>, |
2160 | Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>, |
1775 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>, |
2161 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>, |
1776 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>, |
2162 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>, |
1777 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>. |
2163 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>. |
1778 | |
2164 | |
1779 | Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and |
2165 | Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and |
1780 | servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>. |
2166 | servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>. |
1781 | |
2167 | |
1782 | Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>. |
2168 | Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>. |
1783 | |
2169 | |
1784 | Coroutine support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>, L<Coro::Event>, |
2170 | Coroutine support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>, |
|
|
2171 | L<Coro::Event>, |
1785 | |
2172 | |
1786 | Nontrivial usage examples: L<Net::FCP>, L<Net::XMPP2>, L<AnyEvent::DNS>. |
2173 | Nontrivial usage examples: L<AnyEvent::GPSD>, L<AnyEvent::XMPP>, |
|
|
2174 | L<AnyEvent::HTTP>. |
1787 | |
2175 | |
1788 | |
2176 | |
1789 | =head1 AUTHOR |
2177 | =head1 AUTHOR |
1790 | |
2178 | |
1791 | Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
2179 | Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |