[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm

Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.232 by root, Thu Jul 9 01:08:22 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.296 by root, Tue Nov 17 01:19:49 2009 UTC

…		…
1	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
2		2
3	AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops	3	AnyEvent - the DBI of event loop programming
4		4
5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt and POE are various supported	5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Irssi, rxvt-unicode, IO::Async, Qt
6	event loops.	6	and POE are various supported event loops/environments.
7		7
8	=head1 SYNOPSIS	8	=head1 SYNOPSIS
9		9
10	use AnyEvent;	10	use AnyEvent;
11		11
40	=head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL	40	=head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL
41		41
42	This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested	42	This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested
43	in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the	43	in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the
44	L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage.	44	L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage.
		45
		46	=head1 SUPPORT
		47
		48	There is a mailinglist for discussing all things AnyEvent, and an IRC
		49	channel, too.
		50
		51	See the AnyEvent project page at the B<Schmorpforge Ta-Sa Software
		52	Repository>, at L<http://anyevent.schmorp.de>, for more info.
45		53
46	=head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT)	54	=head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT)
47		55
48	Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen	56	Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen
49	nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent?	57	nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent?
…		…
173	my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are	181	my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are
174	declared.	182	declared.
175		183
176	=head2 I/O WATCHERS	184	=head2 I/O WATCHERS
177		185
		186	$w = AnyEvent->io (
		187	fh => <filehandle_or_fileno>,
		188	poll => <"r" or "w">,
		189	cb => <callback>,
		190	);
		191
178	You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method	192	You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method
179	with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:	193	with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:
180		194
181	C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch	195	C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch
182	for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file	196	for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file
…		…
211	undef $w;	225	undef $w;
212	});	226	});
213		227
214	=head2 TIME WATCHERS	228	=head2 TIME WATCHERS
215		229
		230	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => <seconds>, cb => <callback>);
		231
		232	$w = AnyEvent->timer (
		233	after => <fractional_seconds>,
		234	interval => <fractional_seconds>,
		235	cb => <callback>,
		236	);
		237
216	You can create a time watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->timer >>	238	You can create a time watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->timer >>
217	method with the following mandatory arguments:	239	method with the following mandatory arguments:
218		240
219	C<after> specifies after how many seconds (fractional values are	241	C<after> specifies after how many seconds (fractional values are
220	supported) the callback should be invoked. C<cb> is the callback to invoke	242	supported) the callback should be invoked. C<cb> is the callback to invoke
…		…
341	might affect timers and time-outs.	363	might affect timers and time-outs.
342		364
343	When this is the case, you can call this method, which will update the	365	When this is the case, you can call this method, which will update the
344	event loop's idea of "current time".	366	event loop's idea of "current time".
345		367
		368	A typical example would be a script in a web server (e.g. C<mod_perl>) -
		369	when mod_perl executes the script, then the event loop will have the wrong
		370	idea about the "current time" (being potentially far in the past, when the
		371	script ran the last time). In that case you should arrange a call to C<<
		372	AnyEvent->now_update >> each time the web server process wakes up again
		373	(e.g. at the start of your script, or in a handler).
		374
346	Note that updating the time I<might> cause some events to be handled.	375	Note that updating the time I<might> cause some events to be handled.
347		376
348	=back	377	=back
349		378
350	=head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS	379	=head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS
		380
		381	$w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => <uppercase_signal_name>, cb => <callback>);
351		382
352	You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal	383	You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal
353	I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl	384	I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl
354	callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs.	385	callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs.
355		386
…		…
361	invocation, and callback invocation will be synchronous. Synchronous means	392	invocation, and callback invocation will be synchronous. Synchronous means
362	that it might take a while until the signal gets handled by the process,	393	that it might take a while until the signal gets handled by the process,
363	but it is guaranteed not to interrupt any other callbacks.	394	but it is guaranteed not to interrupt any other callbacks.
364		395
365	The main advantage of using these watchers is that you can share a signal	396	The main advantage of using these watchers is that you can share a signal
366	between multiple watchers.	397	between multiple watchers, and AnyEvent will ensure that signals will not
		398	interrupt your program at bad times.
367		399
368	This watcher might use C<%SIG>, so programs overwriting those signals	400	This watcher might use C<%SIG> (depending on the event loop used),
369	directly will likely not work correctly.	401	so programs overwriting those signals directly will likely not work
		402	correctly.
370		403
371	Example: exit on SIGINT	404	Example: exit on SIGINT
372		405
373	my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 });	406	my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 });
374		407
		408	=head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds
		409
		410	Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support attaching
		411	callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot
		412	do race-free signal handling in perl, requiring C libraries for
		413	this. AnyEvent will try to do it's best, which means in some cases,
		414	signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might be delayed is
		415	specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10 seconds). This
		416	variable can be changed only before the first signal watcher is created,
		417	and should be left alone otherwise. This variable determines how often
		418	AnyEvent polls for signals (in case a wake-up was missed). Higher values
		419	will cause fewer spurious wake-ups, which is better for power and CPU
		420	saving.
		421
		422	All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional
		423	L<Async::Interrupt> module, which works with most event loops. It will not
		424	work with inherently broken event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib>
		425	(and not with L<POE> currently, as POE does it's own workaround with
		426	one-second latency). For those, you just have to suffer the delays.
		427
375	=head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS	428	=head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS
376		429
		430	$w = AnyEvent->child (pid => <process id>, cb => <callback>);
		431
377	You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status.	432	You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status.
378		433
379	The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (if set to C<0>, it	434	The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (one some backends,
380	watches for any child process exit). The watcher will triggered only when	435	using C<0> watches for any child process exit, on others this will
381	the child process has finished and an exit status is available, not on	436	croak). The watcher will be triggered only when the child process has
382	any trace events (stopped/continued).	437	finished and an exit status is available, not on any trace events
		438	(stopped/continued).
383		439
384	The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by	440	The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by
385	waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher	441	waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher
386	callback arguments.	442	callback arguments.
387		443
…		…
403		459
404	This means you cannot create a child watcher as the very first	460	This means you cannot create a child watcher as the very first
405	thing in an AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one	461	thing in an AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one
406	watcher before you C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call	462	watcher before you C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call
407	C<AnyEvent::detect>).	463	C<AnyEvent::detect>).
		464
		465	As most event loops do not support waiting for child events, they will be
		466	emulated by AnyEvent in most cases, in which the latency and race problems
		467	mentioned in the description of signal watchers apply.
408		468
409	Example: fork a process and wait for it	469	Example: fork a process and wait for it
410		470
411	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;	471	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;
412		472
…		…
424	# do something else, then wait for process exit	484	# do something else, then wait for process exit
425	$done->recv;	485	$done->recv;
426		486
427	=head2 IDLE WATCHERS	487	=head2 IDLE WATCHERS
428		488
		489	$w = AnyEvent->idle (cb => <callback>);
		490
429	Sometimes there is a need to do something, but it is not so important	491	Sometimes there is a need to do something, but it is not so important
430	to do it instantly, but only when there is nothing better to do. This	492	to do it instantly, but only when there is nothing better to do. This
431	"nothing better to do" is usually defined to be "no other events need	493	"nothing better to do" is usually defined to be "no other events need
432	attention by the event loop".	494	attention by the event loop".
433		495
…		…
459	});	521	});
460	});	522	});
461		523
462	=head2 CONDITION VARIABLES	524	=head2 CONDITION VARIABLES
463		525
		526	$cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
		527
		528	$cv->send (<list>);
		529	my @res = $cv->recv;
		530
464	If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them	531	If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them
465	require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that	532	require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that
466	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.	533	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.
467		534
468	AnyEvent is different, it expects somebody else to run the event loop and	535	AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event
469	will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user).	536	loop and will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user).
470		537
471	The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called	538	The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called
472	because they represent a condition that must become true.	539	because they represent a condition that must become true.
473		540
		541	Now is probably a good time to look at the examples further below.
		542
474	Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar	543	Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar
475	>> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is	544	>> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is
476
477	C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable	545	C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable
478	becomes true, with the condition variable as the first argument (but not	546	becomes true, with the condition variable as the first argument (but not
479	the results).	547	the results).
480		548
481	After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true"	549	After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true"
…		…
486	Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can	554	Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can
487	optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points	555	optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points
488	in time where multiple outstanding events have been processed. And yet	556	in time where multiple outstanding events have been processed. And yet
489	another way to call them is transactions - each condition variable can be	557	another way to call them is transactions - each condition variable can be
490	used to represent a transaction, which finishes at some point and delivers	558	used to represent a transaction, which finishes at some point and delivers
491	a result.	559	a result. And yet some people know them as "futures" - a promise to
		560	compute/deliver something that you can wait for.
492		561
493	Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished,	562	Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished,
494	for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests,	563	for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests,
495	then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the	564	then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the
496	availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is	565	availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is
…		…
530	after => 1,	599	after => 1,
531	cb => sub { $result_ready->send },	600	cb => sub { $result_ready->send },
532	);	601	);
533		602
534	# this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback	603	# this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback
535	# calls send	604	# calls ->send
536	$result_ready->recv;	605	$result_ready->recv;
537		606
538	Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that	607	Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition
539	condition variables are also code references.	608	variables are also callable directly.
540		609
541	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;	610	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;
542	my $delay = AnyEvent->timer (after => 5, cb => $done);	611	my $delay = AnyEvent->timer (after => 5, cb => $done);
543	$done->recv;	612	$done->recv;
544		613
…		…
550		619
551	...	620	...
552		621
553	my @info = $couchdb->info->recv;	622	my @info = $couchdb->info->recv;
554		623
555	And this is how you would just ste a callback to be called whenever the	624	And this is how you would just set a callback to be called whenever the
556	results are available:	625	results are available:
557		626
558	$couchdb->info->cb (sub {	627	$couchdb->info->cb (sub {
559	my @info = $_[0]->recv;	628	my @info = $_[0]->recv;
560	});	629	});
…		…
578	immediately from within send.	647	immediately from within send.
579		648
580	Any arguments passed to the C<send> call will be returned by all	649	Any arguments passed to the C<send> call will be returned by all
581	future C<< ->recv >> calls.	650	future C<< ->recv >> calls.
582		651
583	Condition variables are overloaded so one can call them directly	652	Condition variables are overloaded so one can call them directly (as if
584	(as a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling	653	they were a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling
585	C<send>. Note, however, that many C-based event loops do not handle	654	C<send>.
586	overloading, so as tempting as it may be, passing a condition variable
587	instead of a callback does not work. Both the pure perl and EV loops
588	support overloading, however, as well as all functions that use perl to
589	invoke a callback (as in L<AnyEvent::Socket> and L<AnyEvent::DNS> for
590	example).
591		655
592	=item $cv->croak ($error)	656	=item $cv->croak ($error)
593		657
594	Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke	658	Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke
595	C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar.	659	C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar.
596		660
597	This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable	661	This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable
598	user/consumer.	662	user/consumer. Doing it this way instead of calling C<croak> directly
		663	delays the error detetcion, but has the overwhelmign advantage that it
		664	diagnoses the error at the place where the result is expected, and not
		665	deep in some event clalback without connection to the actual code causing
		666	the problem.
599		667
600	=item $cv->begin ([group callback])	668	=item $cv->begin ([group callback])
601		669
602	=item $cv->end	670	=item $cv->end
603		671
…		…
605	one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want	673	one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want
606	to use a condition variable for the whole process.	674	to use a condition variable for the whole process.
607		675
608	Every call to C<< ->begin >> will increment a counter, and every call to	676	Every call to C<< ->begin >> will increment a counter, and every call to
609	C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end	677	C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end
610	>>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback	678	>>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed, passing the
611	is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no	679	condvar as first argument. That callback is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send
612	callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments.	680	>>, but that is not required. If no group callback was set, C<send> will
		681	be called without any arguments.
613		682
614	You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call	683	You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call
615	sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND	684	sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND
616	condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends).	685	condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends).
617		686
…		…
644	begung can potentially be zero:	713	begung can potentially be zero:
645		714
646	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	715	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
647		716
648	my %result;	717	my %result;
649	$cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) });	718	$cv->begin (sub { shift->send (\%result) });
650		719
651	for my $host (@list_of_hosts) {	720	for my $host (@list_of_hosts) {
652	$cv->begin;	721	$cv->begin;
653	ping_host_then_call_callback $host, sub {	722	ping_host_then_call_callback $host, sub {
654	$result{$host} = ...;	723	$result{$host} = ...;
…		…
699	function will call C<croak>.	768	function will call C<croak>.
700		769
701	In list context, all parameters passed to C<send> will be returned,	770	In list context, all parameters passed to C<send> will be returned,
702	in scalar context only the first one will be returned.	771	in scalar context only the first one will be returned.
703		772
		773	Note that doing a blocking wait in a callback is not supported by any
		774	event loop, that is, recursive invocation of a blocking C<< ->recv
		775	>> is not allowed, and the C<recv> call will C<croak> if such a
		776	condition is detected. This condition can be slightly loosened by using
		777	L<Coro::AnyEvent>, which allows you to do a blocking C<< ->recv >> from
		778	any thread that doesn't run the event loop itself.
		779
704	Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case	780	Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case
705	(programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are	781	(programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are
706	using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>, but let the	782	using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>. Instead, let the
707	caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling	783	caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling
708	condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting	784	condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting
709	callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block,	785	callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block,
710	while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires).	786	while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires).
711		787
712	Another reason I<never> to C<< ->recv >> in a module is that you cannot
713	sensibly have two C<< ->recv >>'s in parallel, as that would require
714	multiple interpreters or coroutines/threads, none of which C<AnyEvent>
715	can supply.
716
717	The L<Coro> module, however, I<can> and I<does> supply coroutines and, in
718	fact, L<Coro::AnyEvent> replaces AnyEvent's condvars by coroutine-safe
719	versions and also integrates coroutines into AnyEvent, making blocking
720	C<< ->recv >> calls perfectly safe as long as they are done from another
721	coroutine (one that doesn't run the event loop).
722
723	You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and	788	You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and
724	only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later	789	only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later
725	time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking	790	time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking
726	waits otherwise.	791	waits otherwise.
727		792
…		…
733	=item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv))	798	=item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv))
734		799
735	This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally	800	This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally
736	replaces it before doing so.	801	replaces it before doing so.
737		802
738	The callback will be called when the condition becomes "true", i.e. when	803	The callback will be called when the condition becomes (or already was)
739	C<send> or C<croak> are called, with the only argument being the condition	804	"true", i.e. when C<send> or C<croak> are called (or were called), with
740	variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time	805	the only argument being the condition variable itself. Calling C<recv>
741	is guaranteed not to block.	806	inside the callback or at any later time is guaranteed not to block.
742		807
743	=back	808	=back
744		809
745	=head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS	810	=head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS
746		811
…		…
749	=over 4	814	=over 4
750		815
751	=item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found.	816	=item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found.
752		817
753	EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in	818	EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in
754	use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will try Event, and, failing	819	use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will fall back to its own
755	that, will fall back to its own pure-perl implementation, which is	820	pure-perl implementation, which is available everywhere as it comes with
756	available everywhere as it comes with AnyEvent itself.	821	AnyEvent itself.
757		822
758	AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice).	823	AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice).
759	AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches.
760	AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable.	824	AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable.
761		825
762	=item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used.	826	=item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used.
763		827
764	These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher	828	These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher
765	is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using	829	is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using
766	them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend	830	them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend
767	when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to	831	when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to
768	create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program.	832	create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program.
769		833
		834	AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches.
770	AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable.	835	AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable.
771	AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken.	836	AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken.
772	AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.	837	AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.
773	AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations.	838	AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations.
		839	AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi used when running within irssi.
774		840
775	=item Backends with special needs.	841	=item Backends with special needs.
776		842
777	Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will	843	Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will
778	otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program	844	otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program
…		…
809		875
810	=back	876	=back
811		877
812	=head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS	878	=head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS
813		879
		880	These are not normally required to use AnyEvent, but can be useful to
		881	write AnyEvent extension modules.
		882
814	=over 4	883	=over 4
815		884
816	=item $AnyEvent::MODEL	885	=item $AnyEvent::MODEL
817		886
818	Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created. Then it	887	Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created, before the
		888	backend has been autodetected.
		889
819	contains the event model that is being used, which is the name of the	890	Afterwards it contains the event model that is being used, which is the
820	Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one of the	891	name of the Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one
821	C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the case	892	of the C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the
822	AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode>).	893	case AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode> it
		894	will be C<urxvt::anyevent>).
823		895
824	=item AnyEvent::detect	896	=item AnyEvent::detect
825		897
826	Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model	898	Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model
827	if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would	899	if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would
828	have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at	900	have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at
829	runtime.	901	runtime, and not e.g. while initialising of your module.
		902
		903	If you need to do some initialisation before AnyEvent watchers are
		904	created, use C<post_detect>.
830		905
831	=item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }	906	=item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }
832		907
833	Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is	908	Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is
834	autodetected (or immediately if this has already happened).	909	autodetected (or immediately if this has already happened).
835		910
		911	The block will be executed I<after> the actual backend has been detected
		912	(C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> is set), but I<before> any watchers have been
		913	created, so it is possible to e.g. patch C<@AnyEvent::ISA> or do
		914	other initialisations - see the sources of L<AnyEvent::Strict> or
		915	L<AnyEvent::AIO> to see how this is used.
		916
		917	The most common usage is to create some global watchers, without forcing
		918	event module detection too early, for example, L<AnyEvent::AIO> creates
		919	and installs the global L<IO::AIO> watcher in a C<post_detect> block to
		920	avoid autodetecting the event module at load time.
		921
836	If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object	922	If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object
837	that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed. See	923	that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed (or
		924	C<undef> when the hook was immediately executed). See L<AnyEvent::AIO> for
838	L<Coro::BDB> for a case where this is useful.	925	a case where this is useful.
		926
		927	Example: Create a watcher for the IO::AIO module and store it in
		928	C<$WATCHER>. Only do so after the event loop is initialised, though.
		929
		930	our WATCHER;
		931
		932	my $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect {
		933	$WATCHER = AnyEvent->io (fh => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, poll => 'r', cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		934	};
		935
		936	# the \|\|= is important in case post_detect immediately runs the block,
		937	# as to not clobber the newly-created watcher. assigning both watcher and
		938	# post_detect guard to the same variable has the advantage of users being
		939	# able to just C<undef $WATCHER> if the watcher causes them grief.
		940
		941	$WATCHER \|\|= $guard;
839		942
840	=item @AnyEvent::post_detect	943	=item @AnyEvent::post_detect
841		944
842	If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it	945	If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it
843	before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after	946	before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after
844	the event loop has been chosen.	947	the event loop has been chosen.
845		948
846	You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though:	949	You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though:
847	if it contains a true value then the event loop has already been detected,	950	if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the
848	and the array will be ignored.	951	array will be ignored.
849		952
850	Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> instead.	953	Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> when your application allows
		954	it,as it takes care of these details.
		955
		956	This variable is mainly useful for modules that can do something useful
		957	when AnyEvent is used and thus want to know when it is initialised, but do
		958	not need to even load it by default. This array provides the means to hook
		959	into AnyEvent passively, without loading it.
851		960
852	=back	961	=back
853		962
854	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE	963	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE
855		964
…		…
1002		1111
1003	=cut	1112	=cut
1004		1113
1005	package AnyEvent;	1114	package AnyEvent;
1006		1115
1007	no warnings;	1116	# basically a tuned-down version of common::sense
		1117	sub common_sense {
		1118	# from common:.sense 1.0
		1119	${^WARNING_BITS} = "\xfc\x3f\xf3\x00\x0f\xf3\xcf\xc0\xf3\xfc\x33\x03";
1008	use strict qw(vars subs);	1120	# use strict vars subs
		1121	$^H \|= 0x00000600;
		1122	}
1009		1123
		1124	BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		1125
1010	use Carp;	1126	use Carp ();
1011		1127
1012	our $VERSION = 4.801;	1128	our $VERSION = '5.202';
1013	our $MODEL;	1129	our $MODEL;
1014		1130
1015	our $AUTOLOAD;	1131	our $AUTOLOAD;
1016	our @ISA;	1132	our @ISA;
1017		1133
1018	our @REGISTRY;	1134	our @REGISTRY;
1019		1135
1020	our $WIN32;	1136	our $WIN32;
		1137
		1138	our $VERBOSE;
1021		1139
1022	BEGIN {	1140	BEGIN {
1023	eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }";	1141	eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }";
1024	eval "sub TAINT(){ " . (${^TAINT}*1) . " }";	1142	eval "sub TAINT(){ " . (${^TAINT}*1) . " }";
1025		1143
1026	delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV}	1144	delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV}
1027	if ${^TAINT};	1145	if ${^TAINT};
1028	}
1029		1146
1030	our $verbose = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1;	1147	$VERBOSE = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1;
		1148
		1149	}
		1150
		1151	our $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY = 10;
1031		1152
1032	our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4\|ipv6) => (1\|2), higher numbers are preferred	1153	our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4\|ipv6) => (1\|2), higher numbers are preferred
1033		1154
1034	{	1155	{
1035	my $idx;	1156	my $idx;
…		…
1037	for reverse split /\s,\s/,	1158	for reverse split /\s,\s/,
1038	$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} \|\| "ipv4,ipv6";	1159	$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} \|\| "ipv4,ipv6";
1039	}	1160	}
1040		1161
1041	my @models = (	1162	my @models = (
1042	[EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV::],	1163	[EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV:: , 1],
1043	[Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::],
1044	[AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::],	1164	[AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: , 1],
1045	# everything below here will not be autoprobed	1165	# everything below here will not (normally) be autoprobed
1046	# as the pureperl backend should work everywhere	1166	# as the pureperl backend should work everywhere
1047	# and is usually faster	1167	# and is usually faster
		1168	[Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::, 1],
1048	[Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers	1169	[Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib:: , 1], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers
1049	[Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy	1170	[Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy
		1171	[Irssi:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi::], # Irssi has a bogus "Event" package
1050	[Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles	1172	[Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles
		1173	[Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program
1051	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza	1174	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza
1052	[Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program
1053	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],	1175	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
1054	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],	1176	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
1055	# IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its	1177	# IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its
1056	# byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others.	1178	# byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others.
1057	# IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any	1179	# IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any
1058	# obvious default class.	1180	# obvious default class.
1059	# [IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1181	[IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1060	# [IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1182	[IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1061	# [IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1183	[IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
		1184	[AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1062	);	1185	);
1063		1186
1064	our %method = map +($_ => 1),	1187	our %method = map +($_ => 1),
1065	qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY);	1188	qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY);
1066		1189
…		…
1070	my ($cb) = @_;	1193	my ($cb) = @_;
1071		1194
1072	if ($MODEL) {	1195	if ($MODEL) {
1073	$cb->();	1196	$cb->();
1074		1197
1075	1	1198	undef
1076	} else {	1199	} else {
1077	push @post_detect, $cb;	1200	push @post_detect, $cb;
1078		1201
1079	defined wantarray	1202	defined wantarray
1080	? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect"	1203	? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect"
…		…
1086	@post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect;	1209	@post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect;
1087	}	1210	}
1088		1211
1089	sub detect() {	1212	sub detect() {
1090	unless ($MODEL) {	1213	unless ($MODEL) {
1091	no strict 'refs';
1092	local $SIG{__DIE__};	1214	local $SIG{__DIE__};
1093		1215
1094	if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) {	1216	if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) {
1095	my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1";	1217	my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1";
1096	if (eval "require $model") {	1218	if (eval "require $model") {
1097	$MODEL = $model;	1219	$MODEL = $model;
1098	warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL), using it.\n" if $verbose > 1;	1220	warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}), using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1099	} else {	1221	} else {
1100	warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL):\n$@" if $verbose;	1222	warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}):\n$@" if $VERBOSE;
1101	}	1223	}
1102	}	1224	}
1103		1225
1104	# check for already loaded models	1226	# check for already loaded models
1105	unless ($MODEL) {	1227	unless ($MODEL) {
1106	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {	1228	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1107	my ($package, $model) = @$_;	1229	my ($package, $model) = @$_;
1108	if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) {	1230	if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) {
1109	if (eval "require $model") {	1231	if (eval "require $model") {
1110	$MODEL = $model;	1232	$MODEL = $model;
1111	warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $verbose > 1;	1233	warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1112	last;	1234	last;
1113	}	1235	}
1114	}	1236	}
1115	}	1237	}
1116		1238
1117	unless ($MODEL) {	1239	unless ($MODEL) {
1118	# try to load a model	1240	# try to autoload a model
1119
1120	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {	1241	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1121	my ($package, $model) = @$_;	1242	my ($package, $model, $autoload) = @$_;
		1243	if (
		1244	$autoload
1122	if (eval "require $package"	1245	and eval "require $package"
1123	and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0	1246	and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0
1124	and eval "require $model") {	1247	and eval "require $model"
		1248	) {
1125	$MODEL = $model;	1249	$MODEL = $model;
1126	warn "AnyEvent: autoprobed model '$model', using it.\n" if $verbose > 1;	1250	warn "AnyEvent: autoloaded model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1127	last;	1251	last;
1128	}	1252	}
1129	}	1253	}
1130		1254
1131	$MODEL	1255	$MODEL
…		…
1147		1271
1148	sub AUTOLOAD {	1272	sub AUTOLOAD {
1149	(my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://;	1273	(my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://;
1150		1274
1151	$method{$func}	1275	$method{$func}
1152	or croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects";	1276	or Carp::croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects";
1153		1277
1154	detect unless $MODEL;	1278	detect unless $MODEL;
1155		1279
1156	my $class = shift;	1280	my $class = shift;
1157	$class->$func (@_);	1281	$class->$func (@_);
…		…
1162	# allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one).	1286	# allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one).
1163	sub _dupfh($$;$$) {	1287	sub _dupfh($$;$$) {
1164	my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_;	1288	my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_;
1165		1289
1166	# cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't	1290	# cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't
1167	my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<") : ($w, ">");	1291	my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<&") : ($w, ">&");
1168		1292
1169	open my $fh2, "$mode&", $fh	1293	open my $fh2, $mode, $fh
1170	or die "AnyEvent->io: cannot dup() filehandle in mode '$poll': $!,";	1294	or die "AnyEvent->io: cannot dup() filehandle in mode '$poll': $!,";
1171		1295
1172	# we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases	1296	# we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases
1173		1297
1174	($fh2, $rw)	1298	($fh2, $rw)
1175	}	1299	}
1176		1300
		1301	=head1 SIMPLIFIED AE API
		1302
		1303	Starting with version 5.0, AnyEvent officially supports a second, much
		1304	simpler, API that is designed to reduce the calling, typing and memory
		1305	overhead.
		1306
		1307	See the L<AE> manpage for details.
		1308
		1309	=cut
		1310
		1311	package AE;
		1312
		1313	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
		1314
		1315	sub io($$$) {
		1316	AnyEvent->io (fh => $_[0], poll => $_[1] ? "w" : "r", cb => $_[2])
		1317	}
		1318
		1319	sub timer($$$) {
		1320	AnyEvent->timer (after => $_[0], interval => $_[1], cb => $_[2])
		1321	}
		1322
		1323	sub signal($$) {
		1324	AnyEvent->signal (signal => $_[0], cb => $_[1])
		1325	}
		1326
		1327	sub child($$) {
		1328	AnyEvent->child (pid => $_[0], cb => $_[1])
		1329	}
		1330
		1331	sub idle($) {
		1332	AnyEvent->idle (cb => $_[0])
		1333	}
		1334
		1335	sub cv(;&) {
		1336	AnyEvent->condvar (@_ ? (cb => $_[0]) : ())
		1337	}
		1338
		1339	sub now() {
		1340	AnyEvent->now
		1341	}
		1342
		1343	sub now_update() {
		1344	AnyEvent->now_update
		1345	}
		1346
		1347	sub time() {
		1348	AnyEvent->time
		1349	}
		1350
1177	package AnyEvent::Base;	1351	package AnyEvent::Base;
1178		1352
1179	# default implementations for many methods	1353	# default implementations for many methods
1180		1354
1181	BEGIN {	1355	sub _time() {
		1356	# probe for availability of Time::HiRes
1182	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {	1357	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {
		1358	warn "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1183	*_time = \&Time::HiRes::time;	1359	*_time = \&Time::HiRes::time;
1184	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...	1360	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...
1185	} else {	1361	} else {
		1362	warn "AnyEvent: using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!\n" if $VERBOSE;
1186	*_time = sub { time }; # epic fail	1363	*_time = sub { time }; # epic fail
1187	}	1364	}
		1365
		1366	&_time
1188	}	1367	}
1189		1368
1190	sub time { _time }	1369	sub time { _time }
1191	sub now { _time }	1370	sub now { _time }
1192	sub now_update { }	1371	sub now_update { }
…		…
1197	bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"	1376	bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"
1198	}	1377	}
1199		1378
1200	# default implementation for ->signal	1379	# default implementation for ->signal
1201		1380
		1381	our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;
		1382
		1383	sub _have_async_interrupt() {
		1384	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT = 1*(!$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT}
		1385	&& eval "use Async::Interrupt 1.02 (); 1")
		1386	unless defined $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;
		1387
		1388	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1389	}
		1390
1202	our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO);	1391	our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO);
		1392	our (%SIG_ASY, %SIG_ASY_W);
		1393	our ($SIG_COUNT, $SIG_TW);
1203		1394
1204	sub _signal_exec {	1395	sub _signal_exec {
		1396	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1397	? $SIGPIPE_R->drain
1205	sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 4;	1398	: sysread $SIGPIPE_R, (my $dummy), 9;
1206		1399
1207	while (%SIG_EV) {	1400	while (%SIG_EV) {
1208	for (keys %SIG_EV) {	1401	for (keys %SIG_EV) {
1209	delete $SIG_EV{$_};	1402	delete $SIG_EV{$_};
1210	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} \|\| {} };	1403	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} \|\| {} };
1211	}	1404	}
1212	}	1405	}
1213	}	1406	}
1214		1407
		1408	# install a dummy wakeup watcher to reduce signal catching latency
		1409	sub _sig_add() {
		1410	unless ($SIG_COUNT++) {
		1411	# try to align timer on a full-second boundary, if possible
		1412	my $NOW = AE::now;
		1413
		1414	$SIG_TW = AE::timer
		1415	$MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY - ($NOW - int $NOW),
		1416	$MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY,
		1417	sub { } # just for the PERL_ASYNC_CHECK
		1418	;
		1419	}
		1420	}
		1421
		1422	sub _sig_del {
		1423	undef $SIG_TW
		1424	unless --$SIG_COUNT;
		1425	}
		1426
		1427	our $_sig_name_init; $_sig_name_init = sub {
		1428	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading
		1429	undef $_sig_name_init;
		1430
		1431	if (_have_async_interrupt) {
		1432	*sig2num = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2num;
		1433	*sig2name = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2name;
		1434	} else {
		1435	require Config;
		1436
		1437	my %signame2num;
		1438	@signame2num{ split ' ', $Config::Config{sig_name} }
		1439	= split ' ', $Config::Config{sig_num};
		1440
		1441	my @signum2name;
		1442	@signum2name[values %signame2num] = keys %signame2num;
		1443
		1444	*sig2num = sub($) {
		1445	$_[0] > 0 ? shift : $signame2num{+shift}
		1446	};
		1447	*sig2name = sub ($) {
		1448	$_[0] > 0 ? $signum2name[+shift] : shift
		1449	};
		1450	}
		1451	};
		1452	die if $@;
		1453	};
		1454
		1455	sub sig2num ($) { &$_sig_name_init; &sig2num }
		1456	sub sig2name($) { &$_sig_name_init; &sig2name }
		1457
1215	sub signal {	1458	sub signal {
1216	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1459	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
		1460	# probe for availability of Async::Interrupt
		1461	if (_have_async_interrupt) {
		1462	warn "AnyEvent: using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1217		1463
1218	unless ($SIGPIPE_R) {	1464	$SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe;
1219	require Fcntl;	1465	$SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, 0, \&_signal_exec;
1220		1466
1221	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {
1222	require AnyEvent::Util;
1223
1224	($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe ();
1225	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R) if $SIGPIPE_R;
1226	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
1227	} else {	1467	} else {
		1468	warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
		1469
		1470	require Fcntl;
		1471
		1472	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {
		1473	require AnyEvent::Util;
		1474
		1475	($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe ();
		1476	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R, 1) if $SIGPIPE_R;
		1477	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W, 1) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
		1478	} else {
1228	pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W;	1479	pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W;
1229	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R;	1480	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R;
1230	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case	1481	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
1231		1482
1232	# not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure...	1483	# not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure...
1233	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;	1484	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
1234	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;	1485	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
		1486	}
		1487
		1488	$SIGPIPE_R
		1489	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";
		1490
		1491	$SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R, 0, \&_signal_exec;
1235	}	1492	}
1236		1493
1237	$SIGPIPE_R	1494	*signal = sub {
1238	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";	1495	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
1239		1496
1240	$SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec);
1241	}
1242
1243	my $signal = uc $arg{signal}	1497	my $signal = uc $arg{signal}
1244	or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing";	1498	or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing";
1245		1499
		1500	if ($HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT) {
		1501	# async::interrupt
		1502
		1503	$signal = sig2num $signal;
1246	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};	1504	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
		1505
		1506	$SIG_ASY{$signal} \|\|= new Async::Interrupt
		1507	cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} },
		1508	signal => $signal,
		1509	pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos],
		1510	pipe_autodrain => 0,
		1511	;
		1512
		1513	} else {
		1514	# pure perl
		1515
		1516	# AE::Util has been loaded in signal
		1517	$signal = sig2name $signal;
		1518	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
		1519
1247	$SIG{$signal} \|\|= sub {	1520	$SIG{$signal} \|\|= sub {
1248	local $!;	1521	local $!;
1249	syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV;	1522	syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV;
1250	undef $SIG_EV{$signal};	1523	undef $SIG_EV{$signal};
		1524	};
		1525
		1526	# can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl,
		1527	# so limit the signal latency.
		1528	_sig_add;
		1529	}
		1530
		1531	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"
		1532	};
		1533
		1534	*AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY = sub {
		1535	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
		1536
		1537	_sig_del;
		1538
		1539	delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};
		1540
		1541	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1542	? delete $SIG_ASY{$signal}
		1543	: # delete doesn't work with older perls - they then
		1544	# print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit
		1545	# instead of getting the default action.
		1546	undef $SIG{$signal}
		1547	unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };
		1548	};
1251	};	1549	};
1252		1550	die if $@;
1253	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"	1551	&signal
1254	}
1255
1256	sub AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY {
1257	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
1258
1259	delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};
1260
1261	# delete doesn't work with older perls - they then
1262	# print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit
1263	# instead of getting the default action.
1264	undef $SIG{$signal} unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };
1265	}	1552	}
1266		1553
1267	# default implementation for ->child	1554	# default implementation for ->child
1268		1555
1269	our %PID_CB;	1556	our %PID_CB;
1270	our $CHLD_W;	1557	our $CHLD_W;
1271	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;	1558	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;
1272	our $WNOHANG;	1559	our $WNOHANG;
1273		1560
		1561	sub _emit_childstatus($$) {
		1562	my (undef, $rpid, $rstatus) = @_;
		1563
		1564	$_->($rpid, $rstatus)
		1565	for values %{ $PID_CB{$rpid} \|\| {} },
		1566	values %{ $PID_CB{0} \|\| {} };
		1567	}
		1568
1274	sub _sigchld {	1569	sub _sigchld {
		1570	my $pid;
		1571
		1572	AnyEvent->_emit_childstatus ($pid, $?)
1275	while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) {	1573	while ($pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG) > 0;
1276	$_->($pid, $?) for (values %{ $PID_CB{$pid} \|\| {} }),
1277	(values %{ $PID_CB{0} \|\| {} });
1278	}
1279	}	1574	}
1280		1575
1281	sub child {	1576	sub child {
1282	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1577	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
1283		1578
1284	defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0)	1579	defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0)
1285	or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing";	1580	or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing";
1286		1581
1287	$PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};	1582	$PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
1288		1583
		1584	# WNOHANG is almost cetrainly 1 everywhere
		1585	$WNOHANG \|\|= $^O =~ /^(?:openbsd\|netbsd\|linux\|freebsd\|cygwin\|MSWin32)$/
		1586	? 1
1289	$WNOHANG \|\|= eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } \|\| 1;	1587	: eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } \|\| 1;
1290		1588
1291	unless ($CHLD_W) {	1589	unless ($CHLD_W) {
1292	$CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld);	1590	$CHLD_W = AE::signal CHLD => \&_sigchld;
1293	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round	1591	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round
1294	&_sigchld;	1592	&_sigchld;
1295	}	1593	}
1296		1594
1297	bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child"	1595	bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child"
…		…
1323	# never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher,	1621	# never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher,
1324	# within some limits	1622	# within some limits
1325	$w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001;	1623	$w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001;
1326	$w = 5 if $w > 5;	1624	$w = 5 if $w > 5;
1327		1625
1328	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $w, cb => $rcb);	1626	$w = AE::timer $w, 0, $rcb;
1329	} else {	1627	} else {
1330	# clean up...	1628	# clean up...
1331	undef $w;	1629	undef $w;
1332	undef $rcb;	1630	undef $rcb;
1333	}	1631	}
1334	};	1632	};
1335		1633
1336	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 0.05, cb => $rcb);	1634	$w = AE::timer 0.05, 0, $rcb;
1337		1635
1338	bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle"	1636	bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle"
1339	}	1637	}
1340		1638
1341	sub AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY {	1639	sub AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY {
…		…
1346		1644
1347	our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::;	1645	our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::;
1348		1646
1349	package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base;	1647	package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base;
1350		1648
1351	use overload	1649	#use overload
1352	'&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } },	1650	# '&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } },
1353	fallback => 1;	1651	# fallback => 1;
		1652
		1653	# save 300+ kilobytes by dirtily hardcoding overloading
		1654	${"AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::OVERLOAD"}{dummy}++; # Register with magic by touching.
		1655	*{'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::()'} = sub { }; # "Make it findable via fetchmethod."
		1656	*{'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::(&{}'} = sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } }; # &{}
		1657	${'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::()'} = 1; # fallback
		1658
		1659	our $WAITING;
1354		1660
1355	sub _send {	1661	sub _send {
1356	# nop	1662	# nop
1357	}	1663	}
1358		1664
…		…
1371	sub ready {	1677	sub ready {
1372	$_[0]{_ae_sent}	1678	$_[0]{_ae_sent}
1373	}	1679	}
1374		1680
1375	sub _wait {	1681	sub _wait {
		1682	$WAITING
		1683	and !$_[0]{_ae_sent}
		1684	and Carp::croak "AnyEvent::CondVar: recursive blocking wait detected";
		1685
		1686	local $WAITING = 1;
1376	AnyEvent->one_event while !$_[0]{_ae_sent};	1687	AnyEvent->one_event while !$_[0]{_ae_sent};
1377	}	1688	}
1378		1689
1379	sub recv {	1690	sub recv {
1380	$_[0]->_wait;	1691	$_[0]->_wait;
…		…
1382	Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak} if $_[0]{_ae_croak};	1693	Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak} if $_[0]{_ae_croak};
1383	wantarray ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0]	1694	wantarray ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0]
1384	}	1695	}
1385		1696
1386	sub cb {	1697	sub cb {
1387	$_[0]{_ae_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;	1698	my $cv = shift;
		1699
		1700	@_
		1701	and $cv->{_ae_cb} = shift
		1702	and $cv->{_ae_sent}
		1703	and (delete $cv->{_ae_cb})->($cv);
		1704
1388	$_[0]{_ae_cb}	1705	$cv->{_ae_cb}
1389	}	1706	}
1390		1707
1391	sub begin {	1708	sub begin {
1392	++$_[0]{_ae_counter};	1709	++$_[0]{_ae_counter};
1393	$_[0]{_ae_end_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;	1710	$_[0]{_ae_end_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;
…		…
1442	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>.	1759	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>.
1443		1760
1444	When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event	1761	When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event
1445	model it chooses.	1762	model it chooses.
1446		1763
		1764	When set to C<8> or higher, then AnyEvent will report extra information on
		1765	which optional modules it loads and how it implements certain features.
		1766
1447	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT>	1767	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT>
1448		1768
1449	AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough	1769	AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough
1450	argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value	1770	argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value
1451	will cause AnyEvent to load C<AnyEvent::Strict> and then to thoroughly	1771	will cause AnyEvent to load C<AnyEvent::Strict> and then to thoroughly
1452	check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems,	1772	check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems,
1453	it will croak.	1773	it will croak.
1454		1774
1455	In other words, enables "strict" mode.	1775	In other words, enables "strict" mode.
1456		1776
1457	Unlike C<use strict>, it is definitely recommended to keep it off in	1777	Unlike C<use strict> (or it's modern cousin, C<< use L<common::sense>
1458	production. Keeping C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while	1778	>>, it is definitely recommended to keep it off in production. Keeping
1459	developing programs can be very useful, however.	1779	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while developing programs
		1780	can be very useful, however.
1460		1781
1461	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>	1782	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>
1462		1783
1463	This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before	1784	This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before
1464	auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting	1785	auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting
…		…
1526		1847
1527	When neither C<ca_file> nor C<ca_path> was specified during	1848	When neither C<ca_file> nor C<ca_path> was specified during
1528	L<AnyEvent::TLS> context creation, and either of these environment	1849	L<AnyEvent::TLS> context creation, and either of these environment
1529	variables exist, they will be used to specify CA certificate locations	1850	variables exist, they will be used to specify CA certificate locations
1530	instead of a system-dependent default.	1851	instead of a system-dependent default.
		1852
		1853	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_GUARD> and C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT>
		1854
		1855	When these are set to C<1>, then the respective modules are not
		1856	loaded. Mostly good for testing AnyEvent itself.
1531		1857
1532	=back	1858	=back
1533		1859
1534	=head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE	1860	=head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE
1535		1861
…		…
1593	warn "read: $input\n"; # output what has been read	1919	warn "read: $input\n"; # output what has been read
1594	$cv->send if $input =~ /^q/i; # quit program if /^q/i	1920	$cv->send if $input =~ /^q/i; # quit program if /^q/i
1595	},	1921	},
1596	);	1922	);
1597		1923
1598	my $time_watcher; # can only be used once
1599
1600	sub new_timer {
1601	$timer = AnyEvent->timer (after => 1, cb => sub {	1924	my $time_watcher = AnyEvent->timer (after => 1, interval => 1, cb => sub {
1602	warn "timeout\n"; # print 'timeout' about every second	1925	warn "timeout\n"; # print 'timeout' at most every second
1603	&new_timer; # and restart the time
1604	});	1926	});
1605	}
1606
1607	new_timer; # create first timer
1608		1927
1609	$cv->recv; # wait until user enters /^q/i	1928	$cv->recv; # wait until user enters /^q/i
1610		1929
1611	=head1 REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE	1930	=head1 REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE
1612		1931
…		…
1743	through AnyEvent. The benchmark creates a lot of timers (with a zero	2062	through AnyEvent. The benchmark creates a lot of timers (with a zero
1744	timeout) and I/O watchers (watching STDOUT, a pty, to become writable,	2063	timeout) and I/O watchers (watching STDOUT, a pty, to become writable,
1745	which it is), lets them fire exactly once and destroys them again.	2064	which it is), lets them fire exactly once and destroys them again.
1746		2065
1747	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench> in the AnyEvent	2066	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench> in the AnyEvent
1748	distribution.	2067	distribution. It uses the L<AE> interface, which makes a real difference
		2068	for the EV and Perl backends only.
1749		2069
1750	=head3 Explanation of the columns	2070	=head3 Explanation of the columns
1751		2071
1752	I<watcher> is the number of event watchers created/destroyed. Since	2072	I<watcher> is the number of event watchers created/destroyed. Since
1753	different event models feature vastly different performances, each event	2073	different event models feature vastly different performances, each event
…		…
1774	watcher.	2094	watcher.
1775		2095
1776	=head3 Results	2096	=head3 Results
1777		2097
1778	name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment	2098	name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment
1779	EV/EV 400000 224 0.47 0.35 0.27 EV native interface	2099	EV/EV 100000 223 0.47 0.43 0.27 EV native interface
1780	EV/Any 100000 224 2.88 0.34 0.27 EV + AnyEvent watchers	2100	EV/Any 100000 223 0.48 0.42 0.26 EV + AnyEvent watchers
1781	CoroEV/Any 100000 224 2.85 0.35 0.28 coroutines + Coro::Signal	2101	Coro::EV/Any 100000 223 0.47 0.42 0.26 coroutines + Coro::Signal
1782	Perl/Any 100000 452 4.13 0.73 0.95 pure perl implementation	2102	Perl/Any 100000 431 2.70 0.74 0.92 pure perl implementation
1783	Event/Event 16000 517 32.20 31.80 0.81 Event native interface	2103	Event/Event 16000 516 31.16 31.84 0.82 Event native interface
1784	Event/Any 16000 590 35.85 31.55 1.06 Event + AnyEvent watchers	2104	Event/Any 16000 1203 42.61 34.79 1.80 Event + AnyEvent watchers
1785	IOAsync/Any 16000 989 38.10 32.77 11.13 via IO::Async::Loop::IO_Poll	2105	IOAsync/Any 16000 1911 41.92 27.45 16.81 via IO::Async::Loop::IO_Poll
1786	IOAsync/Any 16000 990 37.59 29.50 10.61 via IO::Async::Loop::Epoll	2106	IOAsync/Any 16000 1726 40.69 26.37 15.25 via IO::Async::Loop::Epoll
1787	Glib/Any 16000 1357 102.33 12.31 51.00 quadratic behaviour	2107	Glib/Any 16000 1118 89.00 12.57 51.17 quadratic behaviour
1788	Tk/Any 2000 1860 27.20 66.31 14.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers	2108	Tk/Any 2000 1346 20.96 10.75 8.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers
1789	POE/Event 2000 6328 109.99 751.67 14.02 via POE::Loop::Event	2109	POE/Any 2000 6951 108.97 795.32 14.24 via POE::Loop::Event
1790	POE/Select 2000 6027 94.54 809.13 579.80 via POE::Loop::Select	2110	POE/Any 2000 6648 94.79 774.40 575.51 via POE::Loop::Select
1791		2111
1792	=head3 Discussion	2112	=head3 Discussion
1793		2113
1794	The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very	2114	The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very
1795	well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one)	2115	well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one)
…		…
1807	benchmark machine, handling an event takes roughly 1600 CPU cycles with	2127	benchmark machine, handling an event takes roughly 1600 CPU cycles with
1808	EV, 3100 CPU cycles with AnyEvent's pure perl loop and almost 3000000 CPU	2128	EV, 3100 CPU cycles with AnyEvent's pure perl loop and almost 3000000 CPU
1809	cycles with POE.	2129	cycles with POE.
1810		2130
1811	C<EV> is the sole leader regarding speed and memory use, which are both	2131	C<EV> is the sole leader regarding speed and memory use, which are both
1812	maximal/minimal, respectively. Even when going through AnyEvent, it uses	2132	maximal/minimal, respectively. When using the L<AE> API there is zero
		2133	overhead (when going through the AnyEvent API create is about 5-6 times
		2134	slower, with other times being equal, so still uses far less memory than
1813	far less memory than any other event loop and is still faster than Event	2135	any other event loop and is still faster than Event natively).
1814	natively.
1815		2136
1816	The pure perl implementation is hit in a few sweet spots (both the	2137	The pure perl implementation is hit in a few sweet spots (both the
1817	constant timeout and the use of a single fd hit optimisations in the perl	2138	constant timeout and the use of a single fd hit optimisations in the perl
1818	interpreter and the backend itself). Nevertheless this shows that it	2139	interpreter and the backend itself). Nevertheless this shows that it
1819	adds very little overhead in itself. Like any select-based backend its	2140	adds very little overhead in itself. Like any select-based backend its
…		…
1893	In this benchmark, we use 10000 socket pairs (20000 sockets), of which 100	2214	In this benchmark, we use 10000 socket pairs (20000 sockets), of which 100
1894	(1%) are active. This mirrors the activity of large servers with many	2215	(1%) are active. This mirrors the activity of large servers with many
1895	connections, most of which are idle at any one point in time.	2216	connections, most of which are idle at any one point in time.
1896		2217
1897	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench2> in the AnyEvent	2218	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench2> in the AnyEvent
1898	distribution.	2219	distribution. It uses the L<AE> interface, which makes a real difference
		2220	for the EV and Perl backends only.
1899		2221
1900	=head3 Explanation of the columns	2222	=head3 Explanation of the columns
1901		2223
1902	I<sockets> is the number of sockets, and twice the number of "servers" (as	2224	I<sockets> is the number of sockets, and twice the number of "servers" (as
1903	each server has a read and write socket end).	2225	each server has a read and write socket end).
…		…
1911	a new one that moves the timeout into the future.	2233	a new one that moves the timeout into the future.
1912		2234
1913	=head3 Results	2235	=head3 Results
1914		2236
1915	name sockets create request	2237	name sockets create request
1916	EV 20000 69.01 11.16	2238	EV 20000 62.66 7.99
1917	Perl 20000 73.32 35.87	2239	Perl 20000 68.32 32.64
1918	IOAsync 20000 157.00 98.14 epoll	2240	IOAsync 20000 174.06 101.15 epoll
1919	IOAsync 20000 159.31 616.06 poll	2241	IOAsync 20000 174.67 610.84 poll
1920	Event 20000 212.62 257.32	2242	Event 20000 202.69 242.91
1921	Glib 20000 651.16 1896.30	2243	Glib 20000 557.01 1689.52
1922	POE 20000 349.67 12317.24 uses POE::Loop::Event	2244	POE 20000 341.54 12086.32 uses POE::Loop::Event
1923		2245
1924	=head3 Discussion	2246	=head3 Discussion
1925		2247
1926	This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the	2248	This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the
1927	particular event loop.	2249	particular event loop.
…		…
2053	As you can see, the AnyEvent + EV combination even beats the	2375	As you can see, the AnyEvent + EV combination even beats the
2054	hand-optimised "raw sockets benchmark", while AnyEvent + its pure perl	2376	hand-optimised "raw sockets benchmark", while AnyEvent + its pure perl
2055	backend easily beats IO::Lambda and POE.	2377	backend easily beats IO::Lambda and POE.
2056		2378
2057	And even the 100% non-blocking version written using the high-level (and	2379	And even the 100% non-blocking version written using the high-level (and
2058	slow :) L<AnyEvent::Handle> abstraction beats both POE and IO::Lambda by a	2380	slow :) L<AnyEvent::Handle> abstraction beats both POE and IO::Lambda
2059	large margin, even though it does all of DNS, tcp-connect and socket I/O	2381	higher level ("unoptimised") abstractions by a large margin, even though
2060	in a non-blocking way.	2382	it does all of DNS, tcp-connect and socket I/O in a non-blocking way.
2061		2383
2062	The two AnyEvent benchmarks programs can be found as F<eg/ae0.pl> and	2384	The two AnyEvent benchmarks programs can be found as F<eg/ae0.pl> and
2063	F<eg/ae2.pl> in the AnyEvent distribution, the remaining benchmarks are	2385	F<eg/ae2.pl> in the AnyEvent distribution, the remaining benchmarks are
2064	part of the IO::lambda distribution and were used without any changes.	2386	part of the IO::Lambda distribution and were used without any changes.
2065		2387
2066		2388
2067	=head1 SIGNALS	2389	=head1 SIGNALS
2068		2390
2069	AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals:	2391	AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals:
…		…
2074		2396
2075	A handler for C<SIGCHLD> is installed by AnyEvent's child watcher	2397	A handler for C<SIGCHLD> is installed by AnyEvent's child watcher
2076	emulation for event loops that do not support them natively. Also, some	2398	emulation for event loops that do not support them natively. Also, some
2077	event loops install a similar handler.	2399	event loops install a similar handler.
2078		2400
2079	If, when AnyEvent is loaded, SIGCHLD is set to IGNORE, then AnyEvent will	2401	Additionally, when AnyEvent is loaded and SIGCHLD is set to IGNORE, then
2080	reset it to default, to avoid losing child exit statuses.	2402	AnyEvent will reset it to default, to avoid losing child exit statuses.
2081		2403
2082	=item SIGPIPE	2404	=item SIGPIPE
2083		2405
2084	A no-op handler is installed for C<SIGPIPE> when C<$SIG{PIPE}> is C<undef>	2406	A no-op handler is installed for C<SIGPIPE> when C<$SIG{PIPE}> is C<undef>
2085	when AnyEvent gets loaded.	2407	when AnyEvent gets loaded.
…		…
2103	if $SIG{CHLD} eq 'IGNORE';	2425	if $SIG{CHLD} eq 'IGNORE';
2104		2426
2105	$SIG{PIPE} = sub { }	2427	$SIG{PIPE} = sub { }
2106	unless defined $SIG{PIPE};	2428	unless defined $SIG{PIPE};
2107		2429
		2430	=head1 RECOMMENDED/OPTIONAL MODULES
		2431
		2432	One of AnyEvent's main goals is to be 100% Pure-Perl(tm): only perl (and
		2433	it's built-in modules) are required to use it.
		2434
		2435	That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional
		2436	modules if they are installed.
		2437
		2438	This section epxlains which additional modules will be used, and how they
		2439	affect AnyEvent's operetion.
		2440
		2441	=over 4
		2442
		2443	=item L<Async::Interrupt>
		2444
		2445	This slightly arcane module is used to implement fast signal handling: To
		2446	my knowledge, there is no way to do completely race-free and quick
		2447	signal handling in pure perl. To ensure that signals still get
		2448	delivered, AnyEvent will start an interval timer to wake up perl (and
		2449	catch the signals) with some delay (default is 10 seconds, look for
		2450	C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>).
		2451
		2452	If this module is available, then it will be used to implement signal
		2453	catching, which means that signals will not be delayed, and the event loop
		2454	will not be interrupted regularly, which is more efficient (And good for
		2455	battery life on laptops).
		2456
		2457	This affects not just the pure-perl event loop, but also other event loops
		2458	that have no signal handling on their own (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt).
		2459
		2460	Some event loops (POE, Event, Event::Lib) offer signal watchers natively,
		2461	and either employ their own workarounds (POE) or use AnyEvent's workaround
		2462	(using C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>). Installing L<Async::Interrupt>
		2463	does nothing for those backends.
		2464
		2465	=item L<EV>
		2466
		2467	This module isn't really "optional", as it is simply one of the backend
		2468	event loops that AnyEvent can use. However, it is simply the best event
		2469	loop available in terms of features, speed and stability: It supports
		2470	the AnyEvent API optimally, implements all the watcher types in XS, does
		2471	automatic timer adjustments even when no monotonic clock is available,
		2472	can take avdantage of advanced kernel interfaces such as C<epoll> and
		2473	C<kqueue>, and is the fastest backend I<by far>. You can even embed
		2474	L<Glib>/L<Gtk2> in it (or vice versa, see L<EV::Glib> and L<Glib::EV>).
		2475
		2476	=item L<Guard>
		2477
		2478	The guard module, when used, will be used to implement
		2479	C<AnyEvent::Util::guard>. This speeds up guards considerably (and uses a
		2480	lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is
		2481	purely used for performance.
		2482
		2483	=item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS>
		2484
		2485	One of these modules is required when you want to read or write JSON data
		2486	via L<AnyEvent::Handle>. It is also written in pure-perl, but can take
		2487	advantage of the ultra-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed.
		2488
		2489	In fact, L<AnyEvent::Handle> will use L<JSON::XS> by default if it is
		2490	installed.
		2491
		2492	=item L<Net::SSLeay>
		2493
		2494	Implementing TLS/SSL in Perl is certainly interesting, but not very
		2495	worthwhile: If this module is installed, then L<AnyEvent::Handle> (with
		2496	the help of L<AnyEvent::TLS>), gains the ability to do TLS/SSL.
		2497
		2498	=item L<Time::HiRes>
		2499
		2500	This module is part of perl since release 5.008. It will be used when the
		2501	chosen event library does not come with a timing source on it's own. The
		2502	pure-perl event loop (L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) will additionally use it to
		2503	try to use a monotonic clock for timing stability.
		2504
		2505	=back
		2506
		2507
2108	=head1 FORK	2508	=head1 FORK
2109		2509
2110	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are	2510	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are
2111	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll>	2511	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll>
2112	calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware.	2512	calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware.
2113		2513
2114	If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first	2514	If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first
2115	watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child.	2515	watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child OR you must do
		2516	something completely out of the scope of AnyEvent.
2116		2517
2117		2518
2118	=head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS	2519	=head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
2119		2520
2120	AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via	2521	AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via
…		…
2158	L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>.	2559	L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>.
2159		2560
2160	Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>,	2561	Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>,
2161	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>,	2562	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>,
2162	L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>,	2563	L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>,
2163	L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>.	2564	L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>, L<Anyevent::Impl::Irssi>.
2164		2565
2165	Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and	2566	Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and
2166	servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>.	2567	servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>.
2167		2568
2168	Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>.	2569	Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>.

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Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents): Revision 1.232 by root, Thu Jul 9 01:08:22 2009 UTC vs. Revision 1.296 by root, Tue Nov 17 01:19:49 2009 UTC

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Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.232 by root, Thu Jul 9 01:08:22 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.296 by root, Tue Nov 17 01:19:49 2009 UTC