1 | =head1 NAME |
1 | =head1 NAME |
2 | |
2 | |
3 | AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops |
3 | AnyEvent - the DBI of event loop programming |
4 | |
4 | |
5 | EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt and POE are various supported |
5 | EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Irssi, rxvt-unicode, IO::Async, Qt, |
6 | event loops. |
6 | FLTK and POE are various supported event loops/environments. |
7 | |
7 | |
8 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
8 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
9 | |
9 | |
10 | use AnyEvent; |
10 | use AnyEvent; |
11 | |
11 | |
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12 | # if you prefer function calls, look at the AE manpage for |
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13 | # an alternative API. |
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14 | |
12 | # file descriptor readable |
15 | # file handle or descriptor readable |
13 | my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r", cb => sub { ... }); |
16 | my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r", cb => sub { ... }); |
14 | |
17 | |
15 | # one-shot or repeating timers |
18 | # one-shot or repeating timers |
16 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { ... }); |
19 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { ... }); |
17 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, interval => $seconds, cb => ... |
20 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, interval => $seconds, cb => ...); |
18 | |
21 | |
19 | print AnyEvent->now; # prints current event loop time |
22 | print AnyEvent->now; # prints current event loop time |
20 | print AnyEvent->time; # think Time::HiRes::time or simply CORE::time. |
23 | print AnyEvent->time; # think Time::HiRes::time or simply CORE::time. |
21 | |
24 | |
22 | # POSIX signal |
25 | # POSIX signal |
… | |
… | |
40 | =head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL |
43 | =head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL |
41 | |
44 | |
42 | This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested |
45 | This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested |
43 | in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the |
46 | in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the |
44 | L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage. |
47 | L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage. |
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48 | |
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49 | =head1 SUPPORT |
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50 | |
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51 | An FAQ document is available as L<AnyEvent::FAQ>. |
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52 | |
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53 | There also is a mailinglist for discussing all things AnyEvent, and an IRC |
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54 | channel, too. |
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55 | |
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56 | See the AnyEvent project page at the B<Schmorpforge Ta-Sa Software |
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57 | Repository>, at L<http://anyevent.schmorp.de>, for more info. |
45 | |
58 | |
46 | =head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT) |
59 | =head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT) |
47 | |
60 | |
48 | Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen |
61 | Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen |
49 | nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent? |
62 | nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent? |
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65 | module users into the same thing by forcing them to use the same event |
78 | module users into the same thing by forcing them to use the same event |
66 | model you use. |
79 | model you use. |
67 | |
80 | |
68 | For modules like POE or IO::Async (which is a total misnomer as it is |
81 | For modules like POE or IO::Async (which is a total misnomer as it is |
69 | actually doing all I/O I<synchronously>...), using them in your module is |
82 | actually doing all I/O I<synchronously>...), using them in your module is |
70 | like joining a cult: After you joined, you are dependent on them and you |
83 | like joining a cult: After you join, you are dependent on them and you |
71 | cannot use anything else, as they are simply incompatible to everything |
84 | cannot use anything else, as they are simply incompatible to everything |
72 | that isn't them. What's worse, all the potential users of your |
85 | that isn't them. What's worse, all the potential users of your |
73 | module are I<also> forced to use the same event loop you use. |
86 | module are I<also> forced to use the same event loop you use. |
74 | |
87 | |
75 | AnyEvent is different: AnyEvent + POE works fine. AnyEvent + Glib works |
88 | AnyEvent is different: AnyEvent + POE works fine. AnyEvent + Glib works |
76 | fine. AnyEvent + Tk works fine etc. etc. but none of these work together |
89 | fine. AnyEvent + Tk works fine etc. etc. but none of these work together |
77 | with the rest: POE + IO::Async? No go. Tk + Event? No go. Again: if |
90 | with the rest: POE + EV? No go. Tk + Event? No go. Again: if your module |
78 | your module uses one of those, every user of your module has to use it, |
91 | uses one of those, every user of your module has to use it, too. But if |
79 | too. But if your module uses AnyEvent, it works transparently with all |
92 | your module uses AnyEvent, it works transparently with all event models it |
80 | event models it supports (including stuff like IO::Async, as long as those |
93 | supports (including stuff like IO::Async, as long as those use one of the |
81 | use one of the supported event loops. It is trivial to add new event loops |
94 | supported event loops. It is easy to add new event loops to AnyEvent, too, |
82 | to AnyEvent, too, so it is future-proof). |
95 | so it is future-proof). |
83 | |
96 | |
84 | In addition to being free of having to use I<the one and only true event |
97 | In addition to being free of having to use I<the one and only true event |
85 | model>, AnyEvent also is free of bloat and policy: with POE or similar |
98 | model>, AnyEvent also is free of bloat and policy: with POE or similar |
86 | modules, you get an enormous amount of code and strict rules you have to |
99 | modules, you get an enormous amount of code and strict rules you have to |
87 | follow. AnyEvent, on the other hand, is lean and up to the point, by only |
100 | follow. AnyEvent, on the other hand, is lean and to the point, by only |
88 | offering the functionality that is necessary, in as thin as a wrapper as |
101 | offering the functionality that is necessary, in as thin as a wrapper as |
89 | technically possible. |
102 | technically possible. |
90 | |
103 | |
91 | Of course, AnyEvent comes with a big (and fully optional!) toolbox |
104 | Of course, AnyEvent comes with a big (and fully optional!) toolbox |
92 | of useful functionality, such as an asynchronous DNS resolver, 100% |
105 | of useful functionality, such as an asynchronous DNS resolver, 100% |
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98 | useful) and you want to force your users to use the one and only event |
111 | useful) and you want to force your users to use the one and only event |
99 | model, you should I<not> use this module. |
112 | model, you should I<not> use this module. |
100 | |
113 | |
101 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
114 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
102 | |
115 | |
103 | L<AnyEvent> provides an identical interface to multiple event loops. This |
116 | L<AnyEvent> provides a uniform interface to various event loops. This |
104 | allows module authors to utilise an event loop without forcing module |
117 | allows module authors to use event loop functionality without forcing |
105 | users to use the same event loop (as only a single event loop can coexist |
118 | module users to use a specific event loop implementation (since more |
106 | peacefully at any one time). |
119 | than one event loop cannot coexist peacefully). |
107 | |
120 | |
108 | The interface itself is vaguely similar, but not identical to the L<Event> |
121 | The interface itself is vaguely similar, but not identical to the L<Event> |
109 | module. |
122 | module. |
110 | |
123 | |
111 | During the first call of any watcher-creation method, the module tries |
124 | During the first call of any watcher-creation method, the module tries |
112 | to detect the currently loaded event loop by probing whether one of the |
125 | to detect the currently loaded event loop by probing whether one of the |
113 | following modules is already loaded: L<EV>, |
126 | following modules is already loaded: L<EV>, L<AnyEvent::Loop>, |
114 | L<Event>, L<Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, |
127 | L<Event>, L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>. The first one |
115 | L<POE>. The first one found is used. If none are found, the module tries |
128 | found is used. If none are detected, the module tries to load the first |
116 | to load these modules (excluding Tk, Event::Lib, Qt and POE as the pure perl |
129 | four modules in the order given; but note that if L<EV> is not |
117 | adaptor should always succeed) in the order given. The first one that can |
130 | available, the pure-perl L<AnyEvent::Loop> should always work, so |
118 | be successfully loaded will be used. If, after this, still none could be |
131 | the other two are not normally tried. |
119 | found, AnyEvent will fall back to a pure-perl event loop, which is not |
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120 | very efficient, but should work everywhere. |
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121 | |
132 | |
122 | Because AnyEvent first checks for modules that are already loaded, loading |
133 | Because AnyEvent first checks for modules that are already loaded, loading |
123 | an event model explicitly before first using AnyEvent will likely make |
134 | an event model explicitly before first using AnyEvent will likely make |
124 | that model the default. For example: |
135 | that model the default. For example: |
125 | |
136 | |
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127 | use AnyEvent; |
138 | use AnyEvent; |
128 | |
139 | |
129 | # .. AnyEvent will likely default to Tk |
140 | # .. AnyEvent will likely default to Tk |
130 | |
141 | |
131 | The I<likely> means that, if any module loads another event model and |
142 | The I<likely> means that, if any module loads another event model and |
132 | starts using it, all bets are off. Maybe you should tell their authors to |
143 | starts using it, all bets are off - this case should be very rare though, |
133 | use AnyEvent so their modules work together with others seamlessly... |
144 | as very few modules hardcode event loops without announcing this very |
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145 | loudly. |
134 | |
146 | |
135 | The pure-perl implementation of AnyEvent is called |
147 | The pure-perl implementation of AnyEvent is called C<AnyEvent::Loop>. Like |
136 | C<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>. Like other event modules you can load it |
148 | other event modules you can load it explicitly and enjoy the high |
137 | explicitly and enjoy the high availability of that event loop :) |
149 | availability of that event loop :) |
138 | |
150 | |
139 | =head1 WATCHERS |
151 | =head1 WATCHERS |
140 | |
152 | |
141 | AnyEvent has the central concept of a I<watcher>, which is an object that |
153 | AnyEvent has the central concept of a I<watcher>, which is an object that |
142 | stores relevant data for each kind of event you are waiting for, such as |
154 | stores relevant data for each kind of event you are waiting for, such as |
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147 | callback when the event occurs (of course, only when the event model |
159 | callback when the event occurs (of course, only when the event model |
148 | is in control). |
160 | is in control). |
149 | |
161 | |
150 | Note that B<callbacks must not permanently change global variables> |
162 | Note that B<callbacks must not permanently change global variables> |
151 | potentially in use by the event loop (such as C<$_> or C<$[>) and that B<< |
163 | potentially in use by the event loop (such as C<$_> or C<$[>) and that B<< |
152 | callbacks must not C<die> >>. The former is good programming practise in |
164 | callbacks must not C<die> >>. The former is good programming practice in |
153 | Perl and the latter stems from the fact that exception handling differs |
165 | Perl and the latter stems from the fact that exception handling differs |
154 | widely between event loops. |
166 | widely between event loops. |
155 | |
167 | |
156 | To disable the watcher you have to destroy it (e.g. by setting the |
168 | To disable a watcher you have to destroy it (e.g. by setting the |
157 | variable you store it in to C<undef> or otherwise deleting all references |
169 | variable you store it in to C<undef> or otherwise deleting all references |
158 | to it). |
170 | to it). |
159 | |
171 | |
160 | All watchers are created by calling a method on the C<AnyEvent> class. |
172 | All watchers are created by calling a method on the C<AnyEvent> class. |
161 | |
173 | |
162 | Many watchers either are used with "recursion" (repeating timers for |
174 | Many watchers either are used with "recursion" (repeating timers for |
163 | example), or need to refer to their watcher object in other ways. |
175 | example), or need to refer to their watcher object in other ways. |
164 | |
176 | |
165 | An any way to achieve that is this pattern: |
177 | One way to achieve that is this pattern: |
166 | |
178 | |
167 | my $w; $w = AnyEvent->type (arg => value ..., cb => sub { |
179 | my $w; $w = AnyEvent->type (arg => value ..., cb => sub { |
168 | # you can use $w here, for example to undef it |
180 | # you can use $w here, for example to undef it |
169 | undef $w; |
181 | undef $w; |
170 | }); |
182 | }); |
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172 | Note that C<my $w; $w => combination. This is necessary because in Perl, |
184 | Note that C<my $w; $w => combination. This is necessary because in Perl, |
173 | my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are |
185 | my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are |
174 | declared. |
186 | declared. |
175 | |
187 | |
176 | =head2 I/O WATCHERS |
188 | =head2 I/O WATCHERS |
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189 | |
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190 | $w = AnyEvent->io ( |
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191 | fh => <filehandle_or_fileno>, |
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192 | poll => <"r" or "w">, |
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193 | cb => <callback>, |
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194 | ); |
177 | |
195 | |
178 | You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method |
196 | You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method |
179 | with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments: |
197 | with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments: |
180 | |
198 | |
181 | C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch |
199 | C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch |
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196 | |
214 | |
197 | The I/O watcher might use the underlying file descriptor or a copy of it. |
215 | The I/O watcher might use the underlying file descriptor or a copy of it. |
198 | You must not close a file handle as long as any watcher is active on the |
216 | You must not close a file handle as long as any watcher is active on the |
199 | underlying file descriptor. |
217 | underlying file descriptor. |
200 | |
218 | |
201 | Some event loops issue spurious readyness notifications, so you should |
219 | Some event loops issue spurious readiness notifications, so you should |
202 | always use non-blocking calls when reading/writing from/to your file |
220 | always use non-blocking calls when reading/writing from/to your file |
203 | handles. |
221 | handles. |
204 | |
222 | |
205 | Example: wait for readability of STDIN, then read a line and disable the |
223 | Example: wait for readability of STDIN, then read a line and disable the |
206 | watcher. |
224 | watcher. |
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211 | undef $w; |
229 | undef $w; |
212 | }); |
230 | }); |
213 | |
231 | |
214 | =head2 TIME WATCHERS |
232 | =head2 TIME WATCHERS |
215 | |
233 | |
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234 | $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => <seconds>, cb => <callback>); |
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235 | |
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236 | $w = AnyEvent->timer ( |
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237 | after => <fractional_seconds>, |
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238 | interval => <fractional_seconds>, |
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239 | cb => <callback>, |
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240 | ); |
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241 | |
216 | You can create a time watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->timer >> |
242 | You can create a time watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->timer >> |
217 | method with the following mandatory arguments: |
243 | method with the following mandatory arguments: |
218 | |
244 | |
219 | C<after> specifies after how many seconds (fractional values are |
245 | C<after> specifies after how many seconds (fractional values are |
220 | supported) the callback should be invoked. C<cb> is the callback to invoke |
246 | supported) the callback should be invoked. C<cb> is the callback to invoke |
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222 | |
248 | |
223 | Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and |
249 | Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and |
224 | presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent |
250 | presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent |
225 | callbacks cannot use arguments passed to time watcher callbacks. |
251 | callbacks cannot use arguments passed to time watcher callbacks. |
226 | |
252 | |
227 | The callback will normally be invoked once only. If you specify another |
253 | The callback will normally be invoked only once. If you specify another |
228 | parameter, C<interval>, as a strictly positive number (> 0), then the |
254 | parameter, C<interval>, as a strictly positive number (> 0), then the |
229 | callback will be invoked regularly at that interval (in fractional |
255 | callback will be invoked regularly at that interval (in fractional |
230 | seconds) after the first invocation. If C<interval> is specified with a |
256 | seconds) after the first invocation. If C<interval> is specified with a |
231 | false value, then it is treated as if it were missing. |
257 | false value, then it is treated as if it were not specified at all. |
232 | |
258 | |
233 | The callback will be rescheduled before invoking the callback, but no |
259 | The callback will be rescheduled before invoking the callback, but no |
234 | attempt is done to avoid timer drift in most backends, so the interval is |
260 | attempt is made to avoid timer drift in most backends, so the interval is |
235 | only approximate. |
261 | only approximate. |
236 | |
262 | |
237 | Example: fire an event after 7.7 seconds. |
263 | Example: fire an event after 7.7 seconds. |
238 | |
264 | |
239 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 7.7, cb => sub { |
265 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 7.7, cb => sub { |
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257 | |
283 | |
258 | While most event loops expect timers to specified in a relative way, they |
284 | While most event loops expect timers to specified in a relative way, they |
259 | use absolute time internally. This makes a difference when your clock |
285 | use absolute time internally. This makes a difference when your clock |
260 | "jumps", for example, when ntp decides to set your clock backwards from |
286 | "jumps", for example, when ntp decides to set your clock backwards from |
261 | the wrong date of 2014-01-01 to 2008-01-01, a watcher that is supposed to |
287 | the wrong date of 2014-01-01 to 2008-01-01, a watcher that is supposed to |
262 | fire "after" a second might actually take six years to finally fire. |
288 | fire "after a second" might actually take six years to finally fire. |
263 | |
289 | |
264 | AnyEvent cannot compensate for this. The only event loop that is conscious |
290 | AnyEvent cannot compensate for this. The only event loop that is conscious |
265 | about these issues is L<EV>, which offers both relative (ev_timer, based |
291 | of these issues is L<EV>, which offers both relative (ev_timer, based |
266 | on true relative time) and absolute (ev_periodic, based on wallclock time) |
292 | on true relative time) and absolute (ev_periodic, based on wallclock time) |
267 | timers. |
293 | timers. |
268 | |
294 | |
269 | AnyEvent always prefers relative timers, if available, matching the |
295 | AnyEvent always prefers relative timers, if available, matching the |
270 | AnyEvent API. |
296 | AnyEvent API. |
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292 | I<In almost all cases (in all cases if you don't care), this is the |
318 | I<In almost all cases (in all cases if you don't care), this is the |
293 | function to call when you want to know the current time.> |
319 | function to call when you want to know the current time.> |
294 | |
320 | |
295 | This function is also often faster then C<< AnyEvent->time >>, and |
321 | This function is also often faster then C<< AnyEvent->time >>, and |
296 | thus the preferred method if you want some timestamp (for example, |
322 | thus the preferred method if you want some timestamp (for example, |
297 | L<AnyEvent::Handle> uses this to update it's activity timeouts). |
323 | L<AnyEvent::Handle> uses this to update its activity timeouts). |
298 | |
324 | |
299 | The rest of this section is only of relevance if you try to be very exact |
325 | The rest of this section is only of relevance if you try to be very exact |
300 | with your timing, you can skip it without bad conscience. |
326 | with your timing; you can skip it without a bad conscience. |
301 | |
327 | |
302 | For a practical example of when these times differ, consider L<Event::Lib> |
328 | For a practical example of when these times differ, consider L<Event::Lib> |
303 | and L<EV> and the following set-up: |
329 | and L<EV> and the following set-up: |
304 | |
330 | |
305 | The event loop is running and has just invoked one of your callback at |
331 | The event loop is running and has just invoked one of your callbacks at |
306 | time=500 (assume no other callbacks delay processing). In your callback, |
332 | time=500 (assume no other callbacks delay processing). In your callback, |
307 | you wait a second by executing C<sleep 1> (blocking the process for a |
333 | you wait a second by executing C<sleep 1> (blocking the process for a |
308 | second) and then (at time=501) you create a relative timer that fires |
334 | second) and then (at time=501) you create a relative timer that fires |
309 | after three seconds. |
335 | after three seconds. |
310 | |
336 | |
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330 | difference between C<< AnyEvent->time >> and C<< AnyEvent->now >> into |
356 | difference between C<< AnyEvent->time >> and C<< AnyEvent->now >> into |
331 | account. |
357 | account. |
332 | |
358 | |
333 | =item AnyEvent->now_update |
359 | =item AnyEvent->now_update |
334 | |
360 | |
335 | Some event loops (such as L<EV> or L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) cache |
361 | Some event loops (such as L<EV> or L<AnyEvent::Loop>) cache the current |
336 | the current time for each loop iteration (see the discussion of L<< |
362 | time for each loop iteration (see the discussion of L<< AnyEvent->now >>, |
337 | AnyEvent->now >>, above). |
363 | above). |
338 | |
364 | |
339 | When a callback runs for a long time (or when the process sleeps), then |
365 | When a callback runs for a long time (or when the process sleeps), then |
340 | this "current" time will differ substantially from the real time, which |
366 | this "current" time will differ substantially from the real time, which |
341 | might affect timers and time-outs. |
367 | might affect timers and time-outs. |
342 | |
368 | |
343 | When this is the case, you can call this method, which will update the |
369 | When this is the case, you can call this method, which will update the |
344 | event loop's idea of "current time". |
370 | event loop's idea of "current time". |
345 | |
371 | |
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372 | A typical example would be a script in a web server (e.g. C<mod_perl>) - |
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373 | when mod_perl executes the script, then the event loop will have the wrong |
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374 | idea about the "current time" (being potentially far in the past, when the |
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375 | script ran the last time). In that case you should arrange a call to C<< |
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376 | AnyEvent->now_update >> each time the web server process wakes up again |
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377 | (e.g. at the start of your script, or in a handler). |
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378 | |
346 | Note that updating the time I<might> cause some events to be handled. |
379 | Note that updating the time I<might> cause some events to be handled. |
347 | |
380 | |
348 | =back |
381 | =back |
349 | |
382 | |
350 | =head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS |
383 | =head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS |
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384 | |
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385 | $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => <uppercase_signal_name>, cb => <callback>); |
351 | |
386 | |
352 | You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal |
387 | You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal |
353 | I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl |
388 | I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl |
354 | callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs. |
389 | callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs. |
355 | |
390 | |
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361 | invocation, and callback invocation will be synchronous. Synchronous means |
396 | invocation, and callback invocation will be synchronous. Synchronous means |
362 | that it might take a while until the signal gets handled by the process, |
397 | that it might take a while until the signal gets handled by the process, |
363 | but it is guaranteed not to interrupt any other callbacks. |
398 | but it is guaranteed not to interrupt any other callbacks. |
364 | |
399 | |
365 | The main advantage of using these watchers is that you can share a signal |
400 | The main advantage of using these watchers is that you can share a signal |
366 | between multiple watchers. |
401 | between multiple watchers, and AnyEvent will ensure that signals will not |
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402 | interrupt your program at bad times. |
367 | |
403 | |
368 | This watcher might use C<%SIG>, so programs overwriting those signals |
404 | This watcher might use C<%SIG> (depending on the event loop used), |
369 | directly will likely not work correctly. |
405 | so programs overwriting those signals directly will likely not work |
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406 | correctly. |
370 | |
407 | |
371 | Example: exit on SIGINT |
408 | Example: exit on SIGINT |
372 | |
409 | |
373 | my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 }); |
410 | my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 }); |
374 | |
411 | |
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412 | =head3 Restart Behaviour |
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413 | |
|
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414 | While restart behaviour is up to the event loop implementation, most will |
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415 | not restart syscalls (that includes L<Async::Interrupt> and AnyEvent's |
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416 | pure perl implementation). |
|
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417 | |
|
|
418 | =head3 Safe/Unsafe Signals |
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419 | |
|
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420 | Perl signals can be either "safe" (synchronous to opcode handling) |
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421 | or "unsafe" (asynchronous) - the former might delay signal delivery |
|
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422 | indefinitely, the latter might corrupt your memory. |
|
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423 | |
|
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424 | AnyEvent signal handlers are, in addition, synchronous to the event loop, |
|
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425 | i.e. they will not interrupt your running perl program but will only be |
|
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426 | called as part of the normal event handling (just like timer, I/O etc. |
|
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427 | callbacks, too). |
|
|
428 | |
|
|
429 | =head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds |
|
|
430 | |
|
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431 | Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support |
|
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432 | attaching callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, |
|
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433 | as you cannot do race-free signal handling in perl, requiring |
|
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434 | C libraries for this. AnyEvent will try to do its best, which |
|
|
435 | means in some cases, signals will be delayed. The maximum time |
|
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436 | a signal might be delayed is 10 seconds by default, but can |
|
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437 | be overriden via C<$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY}> or |
|
|
438 | C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> - see the L<ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES> |
|
|
439 | section for details. |
|
|
440 | |
|
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441 | All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional |
|
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442 | L<Async::Interrupt> module, which works with most event loops. It will not |
|
|
443 | work with inherently broken event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib> |
|
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444 | (and not with L<POE> currently). For those, you just have to suffer the |
|
|
445 | delays. |
|
|
446 | |
375 | =head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS |
447 | =head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS |
376 | |
448 | |
|
|
449 | $w = AnyEvent->child (pid => <process id>, cb => <callback>); |
|
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450 | |
377 | You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status. |
451 | You can also watch for a child process exit and catch its exit status. |
378 | |
452 | |
379 | The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (if set to C<0>, it |
453 | The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (on some backends, |
380 | watches for any child process exit). The watcher will triggered only when |
454 | using C<0> watches for any child process exit, on others this will |
381 | the child process has finished and an exit status is available, not on |
455 | croak). The watcher will be triggered only when the child process has |
382 | any trace events (stopped/continued). |
456 | finished and an exit status is available, not on any trace events |
|
|
457 | (stopped/continued). |
383 | |
458 | |
384 | The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by |
459 | The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by |
385 | waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher |
460 | waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher |
386 | callback arguments. |
461 | callback arguments. |
387 | |
462 | |
… | |
… | |
403 | |
478 | |
404 | This means you cannot create a child watcher as the very first |
479 | This means you cannot create a child watcher as the very first |
405 | thing in an AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one |
480 | thing in an AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one |
406 | watcher before you C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call |
481 | watcher before you C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call |
407 | C<AnyEvent::detect>). |
482 | C<AnyEvent::detect>). |
|
|
483 | |
|
|
484 | As most event loops do not support waiting for child events, they will be |
|
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485 | emulated by AnyEvent in most cases, in which case the latency and race |
|
|
486 | problems mentioned in the description of signal watchers apply. |
408 | |
487 | |
409 | Example: fork a process and wait for it |
488 | Example: fork a process and wait for it |
410 | |
489 | |
411 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
490 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
412 | |
491 | |
… | |
… | |
424 | # do something else, then wait for process exit |
503 | # do something else, then wait for process exit |
425 | $done->recv; |
504 | $done->recv; |
426 | |
505 | |
427 | =head2 IDLE WATCHERS |
506 | =head2 IDLE WATCHERS |
428 | |
507 | |
429 | Sometimes there is a need to do something, but it is not so important |
508 | $w = AnyEvent->idle (cb => <callback>); |
430 | to do it instantly, but only when there is nothing better to do. This |
|
|
431 | "nothing better to do" is usually defined to be "no other events need |
|
|
432 | attention by the event loop". |
|
|
433 | |
509 | |
434 | Idle watchers ideally get invoked when the event loop has nothing |
510 | This will repeatedly invoke the callback after the process becomes idle, |
435 | better to do, just before it would block the process to wait for new |
511 | until either the watcher is destroyed or new events have been detected. |
436 | events. Instead of blocking, the idle watcher is invoked. |
|
|
437 | |
512 | |
438 | Most event loops unfortunately do not really support idle watchers (only |
513 | Idle watchers are useful when there is a need to do something, but it |
|
|
514 | is not so important (or wise) to do it instantly. The callback will be |
|
|
515 | invoked only when there is "nothing better to do", which is usually |
|
|
516 | defined as "all outstanding events have been handled and no new events |
|
|
517 | have been detected". That means that idle watchers ideally get invoked |
|
|
518 | when the event loop has just polled for new events but none have been |
|
|
519 | detected. Instead of blocking to wait for more events, the idle watchers |
|
|
520 | will be invoked. |
|
|
521 | |
|
|
522 | Unfortunately, most event loops do not really support idle watchers (only |
439 | EV, Event and Glib do it in a usable fashion) - for the rest, AnyEvent |
523 | EV, Event and Glib do it in a usable fashion) - for the rest, AnyEvent |
440 | will simply call the callback "from time to time". |
524 | will simply call the callback "from time to time". |
441 | |
525 | |
442 | Example: read lines from STDIN, but only process them when the |
526 | Example: read lines from STDIN, but only process them when the |
443 | program is otherwise idle: |
527 | program is otherwise idle: |
… | |
… | |
459 | }); |
543 | }); |
460 | }); |
544 | }); |
461 | |
545 | |
462 | =head2 CONDITION VARIABLES |
546 | =head2 CONDITION VARIABLES |
463 | |
547 | |
|
|
548 | $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
|
|
549 | |
|
|
550 | $cv->send (<list>); |
|
|
551 | my @res = $cv->recv; |
|
|
552 | |
464 | If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them |
553 | If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them |
465 | require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that |
554 | require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that |
466 | will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks. |
555 | will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks. |
467 | |
556 | |
468 | AnyEvent is different, it expects somebody else to run the event loop and |
557 | AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event |
469 | will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user). |
558 | loop and will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user). |
470 | |
559 | |
471 | The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called |
560 | The tool to do that is called a "condition variable", so called because |
472 | because they represent a condition that must become true. |
561 | they represent a condition that must become true. |
|
|
562 | |
|
|
563 | Now is probably a good time to look at the examples further below. |
473 | |
564 | |
474 | Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar |
565 | Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar |
475 | >> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is |
566 | >> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is |
476 | |
|
|
477 | C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable |
567 | C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable |
478 | becomes true, with the condition variable as the first argument (but not |
568 | becomes true, with the condition variable as the first argument (but not |
479 | the results). |
569 | the results). |
480 | |
570 | |
481 | After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true" |
571 | After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true" |
482 | by calling the C<send> method (or calling the condition variable as if it |
572 | by calling the C<send> method (or calling the condition variable as if it |
483 | were a callback, read about the caveats in the description for the C<< |
573 | were a callback, read about the caveats in the description for the C<< |
484 | ->send >> method). |
574 | ->send >> method). |
485 | |
575 | |
486 | Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can |
576 | Since condition variables are the most complex part of the AnyEvent API, here are |
487 | optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points |
577 | some different mental models of what they are - pick the ones you can connect to: |
488 | in time where multiple outstanding events have been processed. And yet |
578 | |
489 | another way to call them is transactions - each condition variable can be |
579 | =over 4 |
490 | used to represent a transaction, which finishes at some point and delivers |
580 | |
491 | a result. |
581 | =item * Condition variables are like callbacks - you can call them (and pass them instead |
|
|
582 | of callbacks). Unlike callbacks however, you can also wait for them to be called. |
|
|
583 | |
|
|
584 | =item * Condition variables are signals - one side can emit or send them, |
|
|
585 | the other side can wait for them, or install a handler that is called when |
|
|
586 | the signal fires. |
|
|
587 | |
|
|
588 | =item * Condition variables are like "Merge Points" - points in your program |
|
|
589 | where you merge multiple independent results/control flows into one. |
|
|
590 | |
|
|
591 | =item * Condition variables represent a transaction - functions that start |
|
|
592 | some kind of transaction can return them, leaving the caller the choice |
|
|
593 | between waiting in a blocking fashion, or setting a callback. |
|
|
594 | |
|
|
595 | =item * Condition variables represent future values, or promises to deliver |
|
|
596 | some result, long before the result is available. |
|
|
597 | |
|
|
598 | =back |
492 | |
599 | |
493 | Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished, |
600 | Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished, |
494 | for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests, |
601 | for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests, |
495 | then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the |
602 | then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the |
496 | availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is |
603 | availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is |
… | |
… | |
509 | |
616 | |
510 | Condition variables are represented by hash refs in perl, and the keys |
617 | Condition variables are represented by hash refs in perl, and the keys |
511 | used by AnyEvent itself are all named C<_ae_XXX> to make subclassing |
618 | used by AnyEvent itself are all named C<_ae_XXX> to make subclassing |
512 | easy (it is often useful to build your own transaction class on top of |
619 | easy (it is often useful to build your own transaction class on top of |
513 | AnyEvent). To subclass, use C<AnyEvent::CondVar> as base class and call |
620 | AnyEvent). To subclass, use C<AnyEvent::CondVar> as base class and call |
514 | it's C<new> method in your own C<new> method. |
621 | its C<new> method in your own C<new> method. |
515 | |
622 | |
516 | There are two "sides" to a condition variable - the "producer side" which |
623 | There are two "sides" to a condition variable - the "producer side" which |
517 | eventually calls C<< -> send >>, and the "consumer side", which waits |
624 | eventually calls C<< -> send >>, and the "consumer side", which waits |
518 | for the send to occur. |
625 | for the send to occur. |
519 | |
626 | |
520 | Example: wait for a timer. |
627 | Example: wait for a timer. |
521 | |
628 | |
522 | # wait till the result is ready |
629 | # condition: "wait till the timer is fired" |
523 | my $result_ready = AnyEvent->condvar; |
630 | my $timer_fired = AnyEvent->condvar; |
524 | |
631 | |
525 | # do something such as adding a timer |
632 | # create the timer - we could wait for, say |
526 | # or socket watcher the calls $result_ready->send |
633 | # a handle becomign ready, or even an |
527 | # when the "result" is ready. |
634 | # AnyEvent::HTTP request to finish, but |
528 | # in this case, we simply use a timer: |
635 | # in this case, we simply use a timer: |
529 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer ( |
636 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer ( |
530 | after => 1, |
637 | after => 1, |
531 | cb => sub { $result_ready->send }, |
638 | cb => sub { $timer_fired->send }, |
532 | ); |
639 | ); |
533 | |
640 | |
534 | # this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback |
641 | # this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback |
535 | # calls send |
642 | # calls ->send |
536 | $result_ready->recv; |
643 | $timer_fired->recv; |
537 | |
644 | |
538 | Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that |
645 | Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition |
539 | condition variables are also code references. |
646 | variables are also callable directly. |
540 | |
647 | |
541 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
648 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
542 | my $delay = AnyEvent->timer (after => 5, cb => $done); |
649 | my $delay = AnyEvent->timer (after => 5, cb => $done); |
543 | $done->recv; |
650 | $done->recv; |
544 | |
651 | |
… | |
… | |
550 | |
657 | |
551 | ... |
658 | ... |
552 | |
659 | |
553 | my @info = $couchdb->info->recv; |
660 | my @info = $couchdb->info->recv; |
554 | |
661 | |
555 | And this is how you would just ste a callback to be called whenever the |
662 | And this is how you would just set a callback to be called whenever the |
556 | results are available: |
663 | results are available: |
557 | |
664 | |
558 | $couchdb->info->cb (sub { |
665 | $couchdb->info->cb (sub { |
559 | my @info = $_[0]->recv; |
666 | my @info = $_[0]->recv; |
560 | }); |
667 | }); |
… | |
… | |
578 | immediately from within send. |
685 | immediately from within send. |
579 | |
686 | |
580 | Any arguments passed to the C<send> call will be returned by all |
687 | Any arguments passed to the C<send> call will be returned by all |
581 | future C<< ->recv >> calls. |
688 | future C<< ->recv >> calls. |
582 | |
689 | |
583 | Condition variables are overloaded so one can call them directly |
690 | Condition variables are overloaded so one can call them directly (as if |
584 | (as a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling |
691 | they were a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling |
585 | C<send>. Note, however, that many C-based event loops do not handle |
692 | C<send>. |
586 | overloading, so as tempting as it may be, passing a condition variable |
|
|
587 | instead of a callback does not work. Both the pure perl and EV loops |
|
|
588 | support overloading, however, as well as all functions that use perl to |
|
|
589 | invoke a callback (as in L<AnyEvent::Socket> and L<AnyEvent::DNS> for |
|
|
590 | example). |
|
|
591 | |
693 | |
592 | =item $cv->croak ($error) |
694 | =item $cv->croak ($error) |
593 | |
695 | |
594 | Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke |
696 | Similar to send, but causes all calls to C<< ->recv >> to invoke |
595 | C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar. |
697 | C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar. |
596 | |
698 | |
597 | This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable |
699 | This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable |
598 | user/consumer. |
700 | user/consumer. Doing it this way instead of calling C<croak> directly |
|
|
701 | delays the error detection, but has the overwhelming advantage that it |
|
|
702 | diagnoses the error at the place where the result is expected, and not |
|
|
703 | deep in some event callback with no connection to the actual code causing |
|
|
704 | the problem. |
599 | |
705 | |
600 | =item $cv->begin ([group callback]) |
706 | =item $cv->begin ([group callback]) |
601 | |
707 | |
602 | =item $cv->end |
708 | =item $cv->end |
603 | |
709 | |
… | |
… | |
605 | one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want |
711 | one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want |
606 | to use a condition variable for the whole process. |
712 | to use a condition variable for the whole process. |
607 | |
713 | |
608 | Every call to C<< ->begin >> will increment a counter, and every call to |
714 | Every call to C<< ->begin >> will increment a counter, and every call to |
609 | C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end |
715 | C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end |
610 | >>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback |
716 | >>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed, passing the |
611 | is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no |
717 | condvar as first argument. That callback is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send |
612 | callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments. |
718 | >>, but that is not required. If no group callback was set, C<send> will |
|
|
719 | be called without any arguments. |
613 | |
720 | |
614 | You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call |
721 | You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call |
615 | sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND |
722 | sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND |
616 | condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends). |
723 | condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends). |
617 | |
724 | |
… | |
… | |
639 | one call to C<begin>, so the condvar waits for all calls to C<end> before |
746 | one call to C<begin>, so the condvar waits for all calls to C<end> before |
640 | sending. |
747 | sending. |
641 | |
748 | |
642 | The ping example mentioned above is slightly more complicated, as the |
749 | The ping example mentioned above is slightly more complicated, as the |
643 | there are results to be passwd back, and the number of tasks that are |
750 | there are results to be passwd back, and the number of tasks that are |
644 | begung can potentially be zero: |
751 | begun can potentially be zero: |
645 | |
752 | |
646 | my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
753 | my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
647 | |
754 | |
648 | my %result; |
755 | my %result; |
649 | $cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) }); |
756 | $cv->begin (sub { shift->send (\%result) }); |
650 | |
757 | |
651 | for my $host (@list_of_hosts) { |
758 | for my $host (@list_of_hosts) { |
652 | $cv->begin; |
759 | $cv->begin; |
653 | ping_host_then_call_callback $host, sub { |
760 | ping_host_then_call_callback $host, sub { |
654 | $result{$host} = ...; |
761 | $result{$host} = ...; |
… | |
… | |
670 | to be called once the counter reaches C<0>, and second, it ensures that |
777 | to be called once the counter reaches C<0>, and second, it ensures that |
671 | C<send> is called even when C<no> hosts are being pinged (the loop |
778 | C<send> is called even when C<no> hosts are being pinged (the loop |
672 | doesn't execute once). |
779 | doesn't execute once). |
673 | |
780 | |
674 | This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple (but |
781 | This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple (but |
675 | potentially none) subrequests: use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set |
782 | potentially zero) subrequests: use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set |
676 | the callback and ensure C<end> is called at least once, and then, for each |
783 | the callback and ensure C<end> is called at least once, and then, for each |
677 | subrequest you start, call C<begin> and for each subrequest you finish, |
784 | subrequest you start, call C<begin> and for each subrequest you finish, |
678 | call C<end>. |
785 | call C<end>. |
679 | |
786 | |
680 | =back |
787 | =back |
… | |
… | |
687 | =over 4 |
794 | =over 4 |
688 | |
795 | |
689 | =item $cv->recv |
796 | =item $cv->recv |
690 | |
797 | |
691 | Wait (blocking if necessary) until the C<< ->send >> or C<< ->croak |
798 | Wait (blocking if necessary) until the C<< ->send >> or C<< ->croak |
692 | >> methods have been called on c<$cv>, while servicing other watchers |
799 | >> methods have been called on C<$cv>, while servicing other watchers |
693 | normally. |
800 | normally. |
694 | |
801 | |
695 | You can only wait once on a condition - additional calls are valid but |
802 | You can only wait once on a condition - additional calls are valid but |
696 | will return immediately. |
803 | will return immediately. |
697 | |
804 | |
… | |
… | |
699 | function will call C<croak>. |
806 | function will call C<croak>. |
700 | |
807 | |
701 | In list context, all parameters passed to C<send> will be returned, |
808 | In list context, all parameters passed to C<send> will be returned, |
702 | in scalar context only the first one will be returned. |
809 | in scalar context only the first one will be returned. |
703 | |
810 | |
|
|
811 | Note that doing a blocking wait in a callback is not supported by any |
|
|
812 | event loop, that is, recursive invocation of a blocking C<< ->recv |
|
|
813 | >> is not allowed, and the C<recv> call will C<croak> if such a |
|
|
814 | condition is detected. This condition can be slightly loosened by using |
|
|
815 | L<Coro::AnyEvent>, which allows you to do a blocking C<< ->recv >> from |
|
|
816 | any thread that doesn't run the event loop itself. |
|
|
817 | |
704 | Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case |
818 | Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case |
705 | (programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are |
819 | (programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are |
706 | using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>, but let the |
820 | using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>. Instead, let the |
707 | caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling |
821 | caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling |
708 | condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting |
822 | condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting |
709 | callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block, |
823 | callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block, |
710 | while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires). |
824 | while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires). |
711 | |
825 | |
712 | Another reason I<never> to C<< ->recv >> in a module is that you cannot |
|
|
713 | sensibly have two C<< ->recv >>'s in parallel, as that would require |
|
|
714 | multiple interpreters or coroutines/threads, none of which C<AnyEvent> |
|
|
715 | can supply. |
|
|
716 | |
|
|
717 | The L<Coro> module, however, I<can> and I<does> supply coroutines and, in |
|
|
718 | fact, L<Coro::AnyEvent> replaces AnyEvent's condvars by coroutine-safe |
|
|
719 | versions and also integrates coroutines into AnyEvent, making blocking |
|
|
720 | C<< ->recv >> calls perfectly safe as long as they are done from another |
|
|
721 | coroutine (one that doesn't run the event loop). |
|
|
722 | |
|
|
723 | You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and |
826 | You can ensure that C<< ->recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and |
724 | only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later |
827 | only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later |
725 | time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking |
828 | time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking |
726 | waits otherwise. |
829 | waits otherwise. |
727 | |
830 | |
728 | =item $bool = $cv->ready |
831 | =item $bool = $cv->ready |
… | |
… | |
734 | |
837 | |
735 | This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally |
838 | This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally |
736 | replaces it before doing so. |
839 | replaces it before doing so. |
737 | |
840 | |
738 | The callback will be called when the condition becomes "true", i.e. when |
841 | The callback will be called when the condition becomes "true", i.e. when |
739 | C<send> or C<croak> are called, with the only argument being the condition |
842 | C<send> or C<croak> are called, with the only argument being the |
740 | variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time |
843 | condition variable itself. If the condition is already true, the |
741 | is guaranteed not to block. |
844 | callback is called immediately when it is set. Calling C<recv> inside |
|
|
845 | the callback or at any later time is guaranteed not to block. |
742 | |
846 | |
743 | =back |
847 | =back |
744 | |
848 | |
745 | =head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS |
849 | =head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS |
746 | |
850 | |
… | |
… | |
749 | =over 4 |
853 | =over 4 |
750 | |
854 | |
751 | =item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found. |
855 | =item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found. |
752 | |
856 | |
753 | EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in |
857 | EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in |
754 | use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will try Event, and, failing |
858 | use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will fall back to its own |
755 | that, will fall back to its own pure-perl implementation, which is |
859 | pure-perl implementation, which is available everywhere as it comes with |
756 | available everywhere as it comes with AnyEvent itself. |
860 | AnyEvent itself. |
757 | |
861 | |
758 | AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice). |
862 | AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice). |
759 | AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches. |
|
|
760 | AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable. |
863 | AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl AnyEvent::Loop, fast and portable. |
761 | |
864 | |
762 | =item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used. |
865 | =item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used. |
763 | |
866 | |
764 | These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher |
867 | These will be used if they are already loaded when the first watcher |
765 | is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using |
868 | is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using |
766 | them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend |
869 | them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend |
767 | when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to |
870 | when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to |
768 | create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program. |
871 | create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program. |
769 | |
872 | |
|
|
873 | AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches. |
770 | AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable. |
874 | AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable. |
771 | AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken. |
875 | AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken. |
772 | AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse. |
876 | AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse. |
773 | AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations. |
877 | AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations. |
|
|
878 | AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi used when running within irssi. |
|
|
879 | AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync based on IO::Async. |
|
|
880 | AnyEvent::Impl::Cocoa based on Cocoa::EventLoop. |
|
|
881 | AnyEvent::Impl::FLTK based on FLTK (fltk 2 binding). |
774 | |
882 | |
775 | =item Backends with special needs. |
883 | =item Backends with special needs. |
776 | |
884 | |
777 | Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will |
885 | Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will |
778 | otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program |
886 | otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program |
779 | instantiates the application before any AnyEvent watchers are created, |
887 | instantiates the application before any AnyEvent watchers are created, |
780 | everything should just work. |
888 | everything should just work. |
781 | |
889 | |
782 | AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt. |
890 | AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt. |
783 | |
891 | |
784 | Support for IO::Async can only be partial, as it is too broken and |
|
|
785 | architecturally limited to even support the AnyEvent API. It also |
|
|
786 | is the only event loop that needs the loop to be set explicitly, so |
|
|
787 | it can only be used by a main program knowing about AnyEvent. See |
|
|
788 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::Async> for the gory details. |
|
|
789 | |
|
|
790 | AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync based on IO::Async, cannot be autoprobed. |
|
|
791 | |
|
|
792 | =item Event loops that are indirectly supported via other backends. |
892 | =item Event loops that are indirectly supported via other backends. |
793 | |
893 | |
794 | Some event loops can be supported via other modules: |
894 | Some event loops can be supported via other modules: |
795 | |
895 | |
796 | There is no direct support for WxWidgets (L<Wx>) or L<Prima>. |
896 | There is no direct support for WxWidgets (L<Wx>) or L<Prima>. |
… | |
… | |
809 | |
909 | |
810 | =back |
910 | =back |
811 | |
911 | |
812 | =head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS |
912 | =head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS |
813 | |
913 | |
|
|
914 | These are not normally required to use AnyEvent, but can be useful to |
|
|
915 | write AnyEvent extension modules. |
|
|
916 | |
814 | =over 4 |
917 | =over 4 |
815 | |
918 | |
816 | =item $AnyEvent::MODEL |
919 | =item $AnyEvent::MODEL |
817 | |
920 | |
818 | Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created. Then it |
921 | Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created, before the |
|
|
922 | backend has been autodetected. |
|
|
923 | |
819 | contains the event model that is being used, which is the name of the |
924 | Afterwards it contains the event model that is being used, which is the |
820 | Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one of the |
925 | name of the Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one |
821 | C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the case |
926 | of the C<AnyEvent::Impl::xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the |
822 | AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode>). |
927 | case AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode> it |
|
|
928 | will be C<urxvt::anyevent>). |
823 | |
929 | |
824 | =item AnyEvent::detect |
930 | =item AnyEvent::detect |
825 | |
931 | |
826 | Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model |
932 | Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model |
827 | if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would |
933 | if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would |
828 | have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at |
934 | have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at |
829 | runtime. |
935 | runtime, and not e.g. during initialisation of your module. |
|
|
936 | |
|
|
937 | The effect of calling this function is as if a watcher had been created |
|
|
938 | (specifically, actions that happen "when the first watcher is created" |
|
|
939 | happen when calling detetc as well). |
|
|
940 | |
|
|
941 | If you need to do some initialisation before AnyEvent watchers are |
|
|
942 | created, use C<post_detect>. |
830 | |
943 | |
831 | =item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK } |
944 | =item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK } |
832 | |
945 | |
833 | Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is |
946 | Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is |
834 | autodetected (or immediately if this has already happened). |
947 | autodetected (or immediately if that has already happened). |
|
|
948 | |
|
|
949 | The block will be executed I<after> the actual backend has been detected |
|
|
950 | (C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> is set), but I<before> any watchers have been |
|
|
951 | created, so it is possible to e.g. patch C<@AnyEvent::ISA> or do |
|
|
952 | other initialisations - see the sources of L<AnyEvent::Strict> or |
|
|
953 | L<AnyEvent::AIO> to see how this is used. |
|
|
954 | |
|
|
955 | The most common usage is to create some global watchers, without forcing |
|
|
956 | event module detection too early, for example, L<AnyEvent::AIO> creates |
|
|
957 | and installs the global L<IO::AIO> watcher in a C<post_detect> block to |
|
|
958 | avoid autodetecting the event module at load time. |
835 | |
959 | |
836 | If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object |
960 | If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object |
837 | that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed. See |
961 | that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed (or |
|
|
962 | C<undef> when the hook was immediately executed). See L<AnyEvent::AIO> for |
838 | L<Coro::BDB> for a case where this is useful. |
963 | a case where this is useful. |
|
|
964 | |
|
|
965 | Example: Create a watcher for the IO::AIO module and store it in |
|
|
966 | C<$WATCHER>, but do so only do so after the event loop is initialised. |
|
|
967 | |
|
|
968 | our WATCHER; |
|
|
969 | |
|
|
970 | my $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { |
|
|
971 | $WATCHER = AnyEvent->io (fh => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, poll => 'r', cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); |
|
|
972 | }; |
|
|
973 | |
|
|
974 | # the ||= is important in case post_detect immediately runs the block, |
|
|
975 | # as to not clobber the newly-created watcher. assigning both watcher and |
|
|
976 | # post_detect guard to the same variable has the advantage of users being |
|
|
977 | # able to just C<undef $WATCHER> if the watcher causes them grief. |
|
|
978 | |
|
|
979 | $WATCHER ||= $guard; |
839 | |
980 | |
840 | =item @AnyEvent::post_detect |
981 | =item @AnyEvent::post_detect |
841 | |
982 | |
842 | If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it |
983 | If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it |
843 | before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after |
984 | before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will be called directly |
844 | the event loop has been chosen. |
985 | after the event loop has been chosen. |
845 | |
986 | |
846 | You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though: |
987 | You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though: |
847 | if it contains a true value then the event loop has already been detected, |
988 | if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the |
848 | and the array will be ignored. |
989 | array will be ignored. |
849 | |
990 | |
850 | Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> instead. |
991 | Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> when your application allows |
|
|
992 | it, as it takes care of these details. |
|
|
993 | |
|
|
994 | This variable is mainly useful for modules that can do something useful |
|
|
995 | when AnyEvent is used and thus want to know when it is initialised, but do |
|
|
996 | not need to even load it by default. This array provides the means to hook |
|
|
997 | into AnyEvent passively, without loading it. |
|
|
998 | |
|
|
999 | Example: To load Coro::AnyEvent whenever Coro and AnyEvent are used |
|
|
1000 | together, you could put this into Coro (this is the actual code used by |
|
|
1001 | Coro to accomplish this): |
|
|
1002 | |
|
|
1003 | if (defined $AnyEvent::MODEL) { |
|
|
1004 | # AnyEvent already initialised, so load Coro::AnyEvent |
|
|
1005 | require Coro::AnyEvent; |
|
|
1006 | } else { |
|
|
1007 | # AnyEvent not yet initialised, so make sure to load Coro::AnyEvent |
|
|
1008 | # as soon as it is |
|
|
1009 | push @AnyEvent::post_detect, sub { require Coro::AnyEvent }; |
|
|
1010 | } |
|
|
1011 | |
|
|
1012 | =item AnyEvent::postpone { BLOCK } |
|
|
1013 | |
|
|
1014 | Arranges for the block to be executed as soon as possible, but not before |
|
|
1015 | the call itself returns. In practise, the block will be executed just |
|
|
1016 | before the event loop polls for new events, or shortly afterwards. |
|
|
1017 | |
|
|
1018 | This function never returns anything (to make the C<return postpone { ... |
|
|
1019 | }> idiom more useful. |
|
|
1020 | |
|
|
1021 | To understand the usefulness of this function, consider a function that |
|
|
1022 | asynchronously does something for you and returns some transaction |
|
|
1023 | object or guard to let you cancel the operation. For example, |
|
|
1024 | C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>: |
|
|
1025 | |
|
|
1026 | # start a conenction attempt unless one is active |
|
|
1027 | $self->{connect_guard} ||= AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect "www.example.net", 80, sub { |
|
|
1028 | delete $self->{connect_guard}; |
|
|
1029 | ... |
|
|
1030 | }; |
|
|
1031 | |
|
|
1032 | Imagine that this function could instantly call the callback, for |
|
|
1033 | example, because it detects an obvious error such as a negative port |
|
|
1034 | number. Invoking the callback before the function returns causes problems |
|
|
1035 | however: the callback will be called and will try to delete the guard |
|
|
1036 | object. But since the function hasn't returned yet, there is nothing to |
|
|
1037 | delete. When the function eventually returns it will assign the guard |
|
|
1038 | object to C<< $self->{connect_guard} >>, where it will likely never be |
|
|
1039 | deleted, so the program thinks it is still trying to connect. |
|
|
1040 | |
|
|
1041 | This is where C<AnyEvent::postpone> should be used. Instead of calling the |
|
|
1042 | callback directly on error: |
|
|
1043 | |
|
|
1044 | $cb->(undef), return # signal error to callback, BAD! |
|
|
1045 | if $some_error_condition; |
|
|
1046 | |
|
|
1047 | It should use C<postpone>: |
|
|
1048 | |
|
|
1049 | AnyEvent::postpone { $cb->(undef) }, return # signal error to callback, later |
|
|
1050 | if $some_error_condition; |
|
|
1051 | |
|
|
1052 | =item AnyEvent::log $level, $msg[, @args] |
|
|
1053 | |
|
|
1054 | Log the given C<$msg> at the given C<$level>. |
|
|
1055 | |
|
|
1056 | If L<AnyEvent::Log> is not loaded then this function makes a simple test |
|
|
1057 | to see whether the message will be logged. If the test succeeds it will |
|
|
1058 | load AnyEvent::Log and call C<AnyEvent::Log::log> - consequently, look at |
|
|
1059 | the L<AnyEvent::Log> documentation for details. |
|
|
1060 | |
|
|
1061 | If the test fails it will simply return. Right now this happens when a |
|
|
1062 | numerical loglevel is used and it is larger than the level specified via |
|
|
1063 | C<$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}>. |
|
|
1064 | |
|
|
1065 | If you want to sprinkle loads of logging calls around your code, consider |
|
|
1066 | creating a logger callback with the C<AnyEvent::Log::logger> function, |
|
|
1067 | which can reduce typing, codesize and can reduce the logging overhead |
|
|
1068 | enourmously. |
851 | |
1069 | |
852 | =back |
1070 | =back |
853 | |
1071 | |
854 | =head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE |
1072 | =head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE |
855 | |
1073 | |
… | |
… | |
866 | because it will stall the whole program, and the whole point of using |
1084 | because it will stall the whole program, and the whole point of using |
867 | events is to stay interactive. |
1085 | events is to stay interactive. |
868 | |
1086 | |
869 | It is fine, however, to call C<< ->recv >> when the user of your module |
1087 | It is fine, however, to call C<< ->recv >> when the user of your module |
870 | requests it (i.e. if you create a http request object ad have a method |
1088 | requests it (i.e. if you create a http request object ad have a method |
871 | called C<results> that returns the results, it should call C<< ->recv >> |
1089 | called C<results> that returns the results, it may call C<< ->recv >> |
872 | freely, as the user of your module knows what she is doing. always). |
1090 | freely, as the user of your module knows what she is doing. Always). |
873 | |
1091 | |
874 | =head1 WHAT TO DO IN THE MAIN PROGRAM |
1092 | =head1 WHAT TO DO IN THE MAIN PROGRAM |
875 | |
1093 | |
876 | There will always be a single main program - the only place that should |
1094 | There will always be a single main program - the only place that should |
877 | dictate which event model to use. |
1095 | dictate which event model to use. |
878 | |
1096 | |
879 | If it doesn't care, it can just "use AnyEvent" and use it itself, or not |
1097 | If the program is not event-based, it need not do anything special, even |
880 | do anything special (it does not need to be event-based) and let AnyEvent |
1098 | when it depends on a module that uses an AnyEvent. If the program itself |
881 | decide which implementation to chose if some module relies on it. |
1099 | uses AnyEvent, but does not care which event loop is used, all it needs |
|
|
1100 | to do is C<use AnyEvent>. In either case, AnyEvent will choose the best |
|
|
1101 | available loop implementation. |
882 | |
1102 | |
883 | If the main program relies on a specific event model - for example, in |
1103 | If the main program relies on a specific event model - for example, in |
884 | Gtk2 programs you have to rely on the Glib module - you should load the |
1104 | Gtk2 programs you have to rely on the Glib module - you should load the |
885 | event module before loading AnyEvent or any module that uses it: generally |
1105 | event module before loading AnyEvent or any module that uses it: generally |
886 | speaking, you should load it as early as possible. The reason is that |
1106 | speaking, you should load it as early as possible. The reason is that |
887 | modules might create watchers when they are loaded, and AnyEvent will |
1107 | modules might create watchers when they are loaded, and AnyEvent will |
888 | decide on the event model to use as soon as it creates watchers, and it |
1108 | decide on the event model to use as soon as it creates watchers, and it |
889 | might chose the wrong one unless you load the correct one yourself. |
1109 | might choose the wrong one unless you load the correct one yourself. |
890 | |
1110 | |
891 | You can chose to use a pure-perl implementation by loading the |
1111 | You can chose to use a pure-perl implementation by loading the |
892 | C<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl> module, which gives you similar behaviour |
1112 | C<AnyEvent::Loop> module, which gives you similar behaviour |
893 | everywhere, but letting AnyEvent chose the model is generally better. |
1113 | everywhere, but letting AnyEvent chose the model is generally better. |
894 | |
1114 | |
895 | =head2 MAINLOOP EMULATION |
1115 | =head2 MAINLOOP EMULATION |
896 | |
1116 | |
897 | Sometimes (often for short test scripts, or even standalone programs who |
1117 | Sometimes (often for short test scripts, or even standalone programs who |
… | |
… | |
910 | |
1130 | |
911 | |
1131 | |
912 | =head1 OTHER MODULES |
1132 | =head1 OTHER MODULES |
913 | |
1133 | |
914 | The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use |
1134 | The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use |
915 | AnyEvent as a client and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent |
1135 | AnyEvent as a client and can therefore be mixed easily with other |
916 | modules and other event loops in the same program. Some of the modules |
1136 | AnyEvent modules and other event loops in the same program. Some of the |
917 | come with AnyEvent, most are available via CPAN. |
1137 | modules come as part of AnyEvent, the others are available via CPAN (see |
|
|
1138 | L<http://search.cpan.org/search?m=module&q=anyevent%3A%3A*> for |
|
|
1139 | a longer non-exhaustive list), and the list is heavily biased towards |
|
|
1140 | modules of the AnyEvent author himself :) |
918 | |
1141 | |
919 | =over 4 |
1142 | =over 4 |
920 | |
1143 | |
921 | =item L<AnyEvent::Util> |
1144 | =item L<AnyEvent::Util> |
922 | |
1145 | |
923 | Contains various utility functions that replace often-used but blocking |
1146 | Contains various utility functions that replace often-used blocking |
924 | functions such as C<inet_aton> by event-/callback-based versions. |
1147 | functions such as C<inet_aton> with event/callback-based versions. |
925 | |
1148 | |
926 | =item L<AnyEvent::Socket> |
1149 | =item L<AnyEvent::Socket> |
927 | |
1150 | |
928 | Provides various utility functions for (internet protocol) sockets, |
1151 | Provides various utility functions for (internet protocol) sockets, |
929 | addresses and name resolution. Also functions to create non-blocking tcp |
1152 | addresses and name resolution. Also functions to create non-blocking tcp |
… | |
… | |
931 | |
1154 | |
932 | =item L<AnyEvent::Handle> |
1155 | =item L<AnyEvent::Handle> |
933 | |
1156 | |
934 | Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes, |
1157 | Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes, |
935 | supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and |
1158 | supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and |
936 | non-blocking SSL/TLS (via L<AnyEvent::TLS>. |
1159 | non-blocking SSL/TLS (via L<AnyEvent::TLS>). |
937 | |
1160 | |
938 | =item L<AnyEvent::DNS> |
1161 | =item L<AnyEvent::DNS> |
939 | |
1162 | |
940 | Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities. |
1163 | Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities. |
941 | |
1164 | |
|
|
1165 | =item L<AnyEvent::HTTP>, L<AnyEvent::IRC>, L<AnyEvent::XMPP>, L<AnyEvent::GPSD>, L<AnyEvent::IGS>, L<AnyEvent::FCP> |
|
|
1166 | |
|
|
1167 | Implement event-based interfaces to the protocols of the same name (for |
|
|
1168 | the curious, IGS is the International Go Server and FCP is the Freenet |
|
|
1169 | Client Protocol). |
|
|
1170 | |
942 | =item L<AnyEvent::HTTP> |
1171 | =item L<AnyEvent::AIO> |
943 | |
1172 | |
944 | A simple-to-use HTTP library that is capable of making a lot of concurrent |
1173 | Truly asynchronous (as opposed to non-blocking) I/O, should be in the |
945 | HTTP requests. |
1174 | toolbox of every event programmer. AnyEvent::AIO transparently fuses |
|
|
1175 | L<IO::AIO> and AnyEvent together, giving AnyEvent access to event-based |
|
|
1176 | file I/O, and much more. |
|
|
1177 | |
|
|
1178 | =item L<AnyEvent::Filesys::Notify> |
|
|
1179 | |
|
|
1180 | AnyEvent is good for non-blocking stuff, but it can't detect file or |
|
|
1181 | path changes (e.g. "watch this directory for new files", "watch this |
|
|
1182 | file for changes"). The L<AnyEvent::Filesys::Notify> module promises to |
|
|
1183 | do just that in a portbale fashion, supporting inotify on GNU/Linux and |
|
|
1184 | some weird, without doubt broken, stuff on OS X to monitor files. It can |
|
|
1185 | fall back to blocking scans at regular intervals transparently on other |
|
|
1186 | platforms, so it's about as portable as it gets. |
|
|
1187 | |
|
|
1188 | (I haven't used it myself, but I haven't heard anybody complaining about |
|
|
1189 | it yet). |
|
|
1190 | |
|
|
1191 | =item L<AnyEvent::DBI> |
|
|
1192 | |
|
|
1193 | Executes L<DBI> requests asynchronously in a proxy process for you, |
|
|
1194 | notifying you in an event-based way when the operation is finished. |
946 | |
1195 | |
947 | =item L<AnyEvent::HTTPD> |
1196 | =item L<AnyEvent::HTTPD> |
948 | |
1197 | |
949 | Provides a simple web application server framework. |
1198 | A simple embedded webserver. |
950 | |
1199 | |
951 | =item L<AnyEvent::FastPing> |
1200 | =item L<AnyEvent::FastPing> |
952 | |
1201 | |
953 | The fastest ping in the west. |
1202 | The fastest ping in the west. |
954 | |
1203 | |
955 | =item L<AnyEvent::DBI> |
|
|
956 | |
|
|
957 | Executes L<DBI> requests asynchronously in a proxy process. |
|
|
958 | |
|
|
959 | =item L<AnyEvent::AIO> |
|
|
960 | |
|
|
961 | Truly asynchronous I/O, should be in the toolbox of every event |
|
|
962 | programmer. AnyEvent::AIO transparently fuses L<IO::AIO> and AnyEvent |
|
|
963 | together. |
|
|
964 | |
|
|
965 | =item L<AnyEvent::BDB> |
|
|
966 | |
|
|
967 | Truly asynchronous Berkeley DB access. AnyEvent::BDB transparently fuses |
|
|
968 | L<BDB> and AnyEvent together. |
|
|
969 | |
|
|
970 | =item L<AnyEvent::GPSD> |
|
|
971 | |
|
|
972 | A non-blocking interface to gpsd, a daemon delivering GPS information. |
|
|
973 | |
|
|
974 | =item L<AnyEvent::IRC> |
|
|
975 | |
|
|
976 | AnyEvent based IRC client module family (replacing the older Net::IRC3). |
|
|
977 | |
|
|
978 | =item L<AnyEvent::XMPP> |
|
|
979 | |
|
|
980 | AnyEvent based XMPP (Jabber protocol) module family (replacing the older |
|
|
981 | Net::XMPP2>. |
|
|
982 | |
|
|
983 | =item L<AnyEvent::IGS> |
|
|
984 | |
|
|
985 | A non-blocking interface to the Internet Go Server protocol (used by |
|
|
986 | L<App::IGS>). |
|
|
987 | |
|
|
988 | =item L<Net::FCP> |
|
|
989 | |
|
|
990 | AnyEvent-based implementation of the Freenet Client Protocol, birthplace |
|
|
991 | of AnyEvent. |
|
|
992 | |
|
|
993 | =item L<Event::ExecFlow> |
|
|
994 | |
|
|
995 | High level API for event-based execution flow control. |
|
|
996 | |
|
|
997 | =item L<Coro> |
1204 | =item L<Coro> |
998 | |
1205 | |
999 | Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>. |
1206 | Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>, which allows you |
|
|
1207 | to simply invert the flow control - don't call us, we will call you: |
|
|
1208 | |
|
|
1209 | async { |
|
|
1210 | Coro::AnyEvent::sleep 5; # creates a 5s timer and waits for it |
|
|
1211 | print "5 seconds later!\n"; |
|
|
1212 | |
|
|
1213 | Coro::AnyEvent::readable *STDIN; # uses an I/O watcher |
|
|
1214 | my $line = <STDIN>; # works for ttys |
|
|
1215 | |
|
|
1216 | AnyEvent::HTTP::http_get "url", Coro::rouse_cb; |
|
|
1217 | my ($body, $hdr) = Coro::rouse_wait; |
|
|
1218 | }; |
1000 | |
1219 | |
1001 | =back |
1220 | =back |
1002 | |
1221 | |
1003 | =cut |
1222 | =cut |
1004 | |
1223 | |
1005 | package AnyEvent; |
1224 | package AnyEvent; |
1006 | |
1225 | |
1007 | no warnings; |
1226 | # basically a tuned-down version of common::sense |
1008 | use strict qw(vars subs); |
1227 | sub common_sense { |
|
|
1228 | # from common:.sense 3.4 |
|
|
1229 | ${^WARNING_BITS} ^= ${^WARNING_BITS} ^ "\x3c\x3f\x33\x00\x0f\xf0\x0f\xc0\xf0\xfc\x33\x00"; |
|
|
1230 | # use strict vars subs - NO UTF-8, as Util.pm doesn't like this atm. (uts46data.pl) |
|
|
1231 | $^H |= 0x00000600; |
|
|
1232 | } |
1009 | |
1233 | |
|
|
1234 | BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense } |
|
|
1235 | |
1010 | use Carp; |
1236 | use Carp (); |
1011 | |
1237 | |
1012 | our $VERSION = 4.801; |
1238 | our $VERSION = '6.14'; |
1013 | our $MODEL; |
1239 | our $MODEL; |
1014 | |
|
|
1015 | our $AUTOLOAD; |
|
|
1016 | our @ISA; |
1240 | our @ISA; |
1017 | |
|
|
1018 | our @REGISTRY; |
1241 | our @REGISTRY; |
1019 | |
1242 | our $VERBOSE; |
1020 | our $WIN32; |
1243 | our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4|ipv6) => (1|2), higher numbers are preferred |
|
|
1244 | our $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY} || 10; # executes after the BEGIN block below (tainting!) |
1021 | |
1245 | |
1022 | BEGIN { |
1246 | BEGIN { |
1023 | eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }"; |
1247 | require "AnyEvent/constants.pl"; |
|
|
1248 | |
1024 | eval "sub TAINT(){ " . (${^TAINT}*1) . " }"; |
1249 | eval "sub TAINT (){" . (${^TAINT}*1) . "}"; |
1025 | |
1250 | |
1026 | delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV} |
1251 | delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV} |
1027 | if ${^TAINT}; |
1252 | if ${^TAINT}; |
1028 | } |
|
|
1029 | |
1253 | |
1030 | our $verbose = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1; |
1254 | $ENV{"PERL_ANYEVENT_$_"} = $ENV{"AE_$_"} |
|
|
1255 | for grep s/^AE_// && !exists $ENV{"PERL_ANYEVENT_$_"}, keys %ENV; |
1031 | |
1256 | |
1032 | our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4|ipv6) => (1|2), higher numbers are preferred |
1257 | @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV} = () |
|
|
1258 | if ${^TAINT}; |
1033 | |
1259 | |
1034 | { |
1260 | # $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_xxx} now valid |
|
|
1261 | |
|
|
1262 | $VERBOSE = length $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE} ? $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1 : 4; |
|
|
1263 | |
1035 | my $idx; |
1264 | my $idx; |
1036 | $PROTOCOL{$_} = ++$idx |
1265 | $PROTOCOL{$_} = ++$idx |
1037 | for reverse split /\s*,\s*/, |
1266 | for reverse split /\s*,\s*/, |
1038 | $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} || "ipv4,ipv6"; |
1267 | $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} || "ipv4,ipv6"; |
1039 | } |
1268 | } |
1040 | |
1269 | |
|
|
1270 | our @post_detect; |
|
|
1271 | |
|
|
1272 | sub post_detect(&) { |
|
|
1273 | my ($cb) = @_; |
|
|
1274 | |
|
|
1275 | push @post_detect, $cb; |
|
|
1276 | |
|
|
1277 | defined wantarray |
|
|
1278 | ? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect" |
|
|
1279 | : () |
|
|
1280 | } |
|
|
1281 | |
|
|
1282 | sub AnyEvent::Util::postdetect::DESTROY { |
|
|
1283 | @post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect; |
|
|
1284 | } |
|
|
1285 | |
|
|
1286 | our $POSTPONE_W; |
|
|
1287 | our @POSTPONE; |
|
|
1288 | |
|
|
1289 | sub _postpone_exec { |
|
|
1290 | undef $POSTPONE_W; |
|
|
1291 | |
|
|
1292 | &{ shift @POSTPONE } |
|
|
1293 | while @POSTPONE; |
|
|
1294 | } |
|
|
1295 | |
|
|
1296 | sub postpone(&) { |
|
|
1297 | push @POSTPONE, shift; |
|
|
1298 | |
|
|
1299 | $POSTPONE_W ||= AE::timer (0, 0, \&_postpone_exec); |
|
|
1300 | |
|
|
1301 | () |
|
|
1302 | } |
|
|
1303 | |
|
|
1304 | sub log($$;@) { |
|
|
1305 | # only load the big bloated module when we actually are about to log something |
|
|
1306 | if ($_[0] <= ($VERBOSE || 1)) { # also catches non-numeric levels(!) and fatal |
|
|
1307 | local ($!, $@); |
|
|
1308 | require AnyEvent::Log; # among other things, sets $VERBOSE to 9 |
|
|
1309 | # AnyEvent::Log overwrites this function |
|
|
1310 | goto &log; |
|
|
1311 | } |
|
|
1312 | |
|
|
1313 | 0 # not logged |
|
|
1314 | } |
|
|
1315 | |
|
|
1316 | sub _logger($;$) { |
|
|
1317 | my ($level, $renabled) = @_; |
|
|
1318 | |
|
|
1319 | $$renabled = $level <= $VERBOSE; |
|
|
1320 | |
|
|
1321 | my $logger = [(caller)[0], $level, $renabled]; |
|
|
1322 | |
|
|
1323 | $AnyEvent::Log::LOGGER{$logger+0} = $logger; |
|
|
1324 | |
|
|
1325 | # return unless defined wantarray; |
|
|
1326 | # |
|
|
1327 | # require AnyEvent::Util; |
|
|
1328 | # my $guard = AnyEvent::Util::guard (sub { |
|
|
1329 | # # "clean up" |
|
|
1330 | # delete $LOGGER{$logger+0}; |
|
|
1331 | # }); |
|
|
1332 | # |
|
|
1333 | # sub { |
|
|
1334 | # return 0 unless $$renabled; |
|
|
1335 | # |
|
|
1336 | # $guard if 0; # keep guard alive, but don't cause runtime overhead |
|
|
1337 | # require AnyEvent::Log unless $AnyEvent::Log::VERSION; |
|
|
1338 | # package AnyEvent::Log; |
|
|
1339 | # _log ($logger->[0], $level, @_) # logger->[0] has been converted at load time |
|
|
1340 | # } |
|
|
1341 | } |
|
|
1342 | |
|
|
1343 | if (length $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_LOG}) { |
|
|
1344 | require AnyEvent::Log; # AnyEvent::Log does the thing for us |
|
|
1345 | } |
|
|
1346 | |
1041 | my @models = ( |
1347 | our @models = ( |
1042 | [EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV::], |
1348 | [EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV::], |
1043 | [Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::], |
|
|
1044 | [AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::], |
1349 | [AnyEvent::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::], |
1045 | # everything below here will not be autoprobed |
1350 | # everything below here will not (normally) be autoprobed |
1046 | # as the pureperl backend should work everywhere |
1351 | # as the pure perl backend should work everywhere |
1047 | # and is usually faster |
1352 | # and is usually faster |
|
|
1353 | [Irssi:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi::], # Irssi has a bogus "Event" package, so msut be near the top |
|
|
1354 | [Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::], # slow, stable |
1048 | [Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers |
1355 | [Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers |
|
|
1356 | # everything below here should not be autoloaded |
1049 | [Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy |
1357 | [Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy |
1050 | [Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles |
1358 | [Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles |
|
|
1359 | [Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program |
1051 | [POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza |
1360 | [POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza |
1052 | [Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program |
|
|
1053 | [Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
1361 | [Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
1054 | [Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
1362 | [Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
1055 | # IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its |
1363 | [IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # a bitch to autodetect |
1056 | # byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others. |
1364 | [Cocoa::EventLoop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Cocoa::], |
1057 | # IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any |
1365 | [FLTK:: => AnyEvent::Impl::FLTK::], |
1058 | # obvious default class. |
|
|
1059 | # [IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program |
|
|
1060 | # [IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program |
|
|
1061 | # [IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program |
|
|
1062 | ); |
1366 | ); |
1063 | |
1367 | |
1064 | our %method = map +($_ => 1), |
1368 | our @isa_hook; |
|
|
1369 | |
|
|
1370 | sub _isa_set { |
|
|
1371 | my @pkg = ("AnyEvent", (map $_->[0], grep defined, @isa_hook), $MODEL); |
|
|
1372 | |
|
|
1373 | @{"$pkg[$_-1]::ISA"} = $pkg[$_] |
|
|
1374 | for 1 .. $#pkg; |
|
|
1375 | |
|
|
1376 | grep $_ && $_->[1], @isa_hook |
|
|
1377 | and AE::_reset (); |
|
|
1378 | } |
|
|
1379 | |
|
|
1380 | # used for hooking AnyEvent::Strict and AnyEvent::Debug::Wrap into the class hierarchy |
|
|
1381 | sub _isa_hook($$;$) { |
|
|
1382 | my ($i, $pkg, $reset_ae) = @_; |
|
|
1383 | |
|
|
1384 | $isa_hook[$i] = $pkg ? [$pkg, $reset_ae] : undef; |
|
|
1385 | |
|
|
1386 | _isa_set; |
|
|
1387 | } |
|
|
1388 | |
|
|
1389 | # all autoloaded methods reserve the complete glob, not just the method slot. |
|
|
1390 | # due to bugs in perls method cache implementation. |
1065 | qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY); |
1391 | our @methods = qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar); |
1066 | |
1392 | |
1067 | our @post_detect; |
|
|
1068 | |
|
|
1069 | sub post_detect(&) { |
1393 | sub detect() { |
1070 | my ($cb) = @_; |
1394 | return $MODEL if $MODEL; # some programs keep references to detect |
1071 | |
1395 | |
1072 | if ($MODEL) { |
1396 | # IO::Async::Loop::AnyEvent is extremely evil, refuse to work with it |
1073 | $cb->(); |
1397 | # the author knows about the problems and what it does to AnyEvent as a whole |
|
|
1398 | # (and the ability of others to use AnyEvent), but simply wants to abuse AnyEvent |
|
|
1399 | # anyway. |
|
|
1400 | AnyEvent::log fatal => "AnyEvent: IO::Async::Loop::AnyEvent detected - that module is broken by\n" |
|
|
1401 | . "design, abuses internals and breaks AnyEvent - will not continue." |
|
|
1402 | if exists $INC{"IO/Async/Loop/AnyEvent.pm"}; |
1074 | |
1403 | |
1075 | 1 |
1404 | local $!; # for good measure |
|
|
1405 | local $SIG{__DIE__}; # we use eval |
|
|
1406 | |
|
|
1407 | # free some memory |
|
|
1408 | *detect = sub () { $MODEL }; |
|
|
1409 | # undef &func doesn't correctly update the method cache. grmbl. |
|
|
1410 | # so we delete the whole glob. grmbl. |
|
|
1411 | # otoh, perl doesn't let me undef an active usb, but it lets me free |
|
|
1412 | # a glob with an active sub. hrm. i hope it works, but perl is |
|
|
1413 | # usually buggy in this department. sigh. |
|
|
1414 | delete @{"AnyEvent::"}{@methods}; |
|
|
1415 | undef @methods; |
|
|
1416 | |
|
|
1417 | if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z0-9:]+)$/) { |
|
|
1418 | my $model = $1; |
|
|
1419 | $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$model" unless $model =~ s/::$//; |
|
|
1420 | if (eval "require $model") { |
|
|
1421 | AnyEvent::log 7 => "loaded model '$model' (forced by \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}), using it."; |
|
|
1422 | $MODEL = $model; |
1076 | } else { |
1423 | } else { |
1077 | push @post_detect, $cb; |
1424 | AnyEvent::log 4 => "unable to load model '$model' (from \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}):\n$@"; |
1078 | |
1425 | } |
1079 | defined wantarray |
|
|
1080 | ? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect" |
|
|
1081 | : () |
|
|
1082 | } |
1426 | } |
1083 | } |
|
|
1084 | |
1427 | |
1085 | sub AnyEvent::Util::postdetect::DESTROY { |
1428 | # check for already loaded models |
1086 | @post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect; |
|
|
1087 | } |
|
|
1088 | |
|
|
1089 | sub detect() { |
|
|
1090 | unless ($MODEL) { |
1429 | unless ($MODEL) { |
1091 | no strict 'refs'; |
1430 | for (@REGISTRY, @models) { |
1092 | local $SIG{__DIE__}; |
1431 | my ($package, $model) = @$_; |
1093 | |
1432 | if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) { |
1094 | if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) { |
|
|
1095 | my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1"; |
|
|
1096 | if (eval "require $model") { |
1433 | if (eval "require $model") { |
|
|
1434 | AnyEvent::log 7 => "autodetected model '$model', using it."; |
1097 | $MODEL = $model; |
1435 | $MODEL = $model; |
1098 | warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL), using it.\n" if $verbose > 1; |
1436 | last; |
1099 | } else { |
1437 | } else { |
1100 | warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL):\n$@" if $verbose; |
1438 | AnyEvent::log 8 => "detected event loop $package, but cannot load '$model', skipping: $@"; |
|
|
1439 | } |
1101 | } |
1440 | } |
1102 | } |
1441 | } |
1103 | |
1442 | |
1104 | # check for already loaded models |
|
|
1105 | unless ($MODEL) { |
1443 | unless ($MODEL) { |
|
|
1444 | # try to autoload a model |
1106 | for (@REGISTRY, @models) { |
1445 | for (@REGISTRY, @models) { |
1107 | my ($package, $model) = @$_; |
1446 | my ($package, $model) = @$_; |
|
|
1447 | if ( |
|
|
1448 | eval "require $package" |
1108 | if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) { |
1449 | and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0 |
1109 | if (eval "require $model") { |
1450 | and eval "require $model" |
|
|
1451 | ) { |
|
|
1452 | AnyEvent::log 7 => "autoloaded model '$model', using it."; |
1110 | $MODEL = $model; |
1453 | $MODEL = $model; |
1111 | warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $verbose > 1; |
|
|
1112 | last; |
1454 | last; |
1113 | } |
|
|
1114 | } |
1455 | } |
1115 | } |
1456 | } |
1116 | |
1457 | |
1117 | unless ($MODEL) { |
|
|
1118 | # try to load a model |
|
|
1119 | |
|
|
1120 | for (@REGISTRY, @models) { |
|
|
1121 | my ($package, $model) = @$_; |
|
|
1122 | if (eval "require $package" |
|
|
1123 | and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0 |
|
|
1124 | and eval "require $model") { |
|
|
1125 | $MODEL = $model; |
|
|
1126 | warn "AnyEvent: autoprobed model '$model', using it.\n" if $verbose > 1; |
|
|
1127 | last; |
|
|
1128 | } |
|
|
1129 | } |
|
|
1130 | |
|
|
1131 | $MODEL |
1458 | $MODEL |
1132 | or die "No event module selected for AnyEvent and autodetect failed. Install any one of these modules: EV, Event or Glib.\n"; |
1459 | or AnyEvent::log fatal => "AnyEvent: backend autodetection failed - did you properly install AnyEvent?"; |
1133 | } |
|
|
1134 | } |
1460 | } |
1135 | |
|
|
1136 | push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base"; |
|
|
1137 | |
|
|
1138 | unshift @ISA, $MODEL; |
|
|
1139 | |
|
|
1140 | require AnyEvent::Strict if $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT}; |
|
|
1141 | |
|
|
1142 | (shift @post_detect)->() while @post_detect; |
|
|
1143 | } |
1461 | } |
1144 | |
1462 | |
|
|
1463 | # free memory only needed for probing |
|
|
1464 | undef @models; |
|
|
1465 | undef @REGISTRY; |
|
|
1466 | |
|
|
1467 | push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base"; |
|
|
1468 | |
|
|
1469 | # now nuke some methods that are overridden by the backend. |
|
|
1470 | # SUPER usage is not allowed in these. |
|
|
1471 | for (qw(time signal child idle)) { |
|
|
1472 | undef &{"AnyEvent::Base::$_"} |
|
|
1473 | if defined &{"$MODEL\::$_"}; |
|
|
1474 | } |
|
|
1475 | |
|
|
1476 | _isa_set; |
|
|
1477 | |
|
|
1478 | # we're officially open! |
|
|
1479 | |
|
|
1480 | if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT}) { |
|
|
1481 | require AnyEvent::Strict; |
|
|
1482 | } |
|
|
1483 | |
|
|
1484 | if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_WRAP}) { |
|
|
1485 | require AnyEvent::Debug; |
|
|
1486 | AnyEvent::Debug::wrap ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_WRAP}); |
|
|
1487 | } |
|
|
1488 | |
|
|
1489 | if (length $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_SHELL}) { |
|
|
1490 | require AnyEvent::Socket; |
|
|
1491 | require AnyEvent::Debug; |
|
|
1492 | |
|
|
1493 | my $shell = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_SHELL}; |
|
|
1494 | $shell =~ s/\$\$/$$/g; |
|
|
1495 | |
|
|
1496 | my ($host, $service) = AnyEvent::Socket::parse_hostport ($shell); |
|
|
1497 | $AnyEvent::Debug::SHELL = AnyEvent::Debug::shell ($host, $service); |
|
|
1498 | } |
|
|
1499 | |
|
|
1500 | # now the anyevent environment is set up as the user told us to, so |
|
|
1501 | # call the actual user code - post detects |
|
|
1502 | |
|
|
1503 | (shift @post_detect)->() while @post_detect; |
|
|
1504 | undef @post_detect; |
|
|
1505 | |
|
|
1506 | *post_detect = sub(&) { |
|
|
1507 | shift->(); |
|
|
1508 | |
|
|
1509 | undef |
|
|
1510 | }; |
|
|
1511 | |
1145 | $MODEL |
1512 | $MODEL |
1146 | } |
1513 | } |
1147 | |
1514 | |
1148 | sub AUTOLOAD { |
1515 | for my $name (@methods) { |
1149 | (my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://; |
1516 | *$name = sub { |
1150 | |
1517 | detect; |
1151 | $method{$func} |
1518 | # we use goto because |
1152 | or croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects"; |
1519 | # a) it makes the thunk more transparent |
1153 | |
1520 | # b) it allows us to delete the thunk later |
1154 | detect unless $MODEL; |
1521 | goto &{ UNIVERSAL::can AnyEvent => "SUPER::$name" } |
1155 | |
1522 | }; |
1156 | my $class = shift; |
|
|
1157 | $class->$func (@_); |
|
|
1158 | } |
1523 | } |
1159 | |
1524 | |
1160 | # utility function to dup a filehandle. this is used by many backends |
1525 | # utility function to dup a filehandle. this is used by many backends |
1161 | # to support binding more than one watcher per filehandle (they usually |
1526 | # to support binding more than one watcher per filehandle (they usually |
1162 | # allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one). |
1527 | # allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one). |
1163 | sub _dupfh($$;$$) { |
1528 | sub _dupfh($$;$$) { |
1164 | my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_; |
1529 | my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_; |
1165 | |
1530 | |
1166 | # cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't |
1531 | # cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't |
1167 | my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<") : ($w, ">"); |
1532 | my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<&") : ($w, ">&"); |
1168 | |
1533 | |
1169 | open my $fh2, "$mode&", $fh |
1534 | open my $fh2, $mode, $fh |
1170 | or die "AnyEvent->io: cannot dup() filehandle in mode '$poll': $!,"; |
1535 | or die "AnyEvent->io: cannot dup() filehandle in mode '$poll': $!,"; |
1171 | |
1536 | |
1172 | # we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases |
1537 | # we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases |
1173 | |
1538 | |
1174 | ($fh2, $rw) |
1539 | ($fh2, $rw) |
1175 | } |
1540 | } |
1176 | |
1541 | |
|
|
1542 | =head1 SIMPLIFIED AE API |
|
|
1543 | |
|
|
1544 | Starting with version 5.0, AnyEvent officially supports a second, much |
|
|
1545 | simpler, API that is designed to reduce the calling, typing and memory |
|
|
1546 | overhead by using function call syntax and a fixed number of parameters. |
|
|
1547 | |
|
|
1548 | See the L<AE> manpage for details. |
|
|
1549 | |
|
|
1550 | =cut |
|
|
1551 | |
|
|
1552 | package AE; |
|
|
1553 | |
|
|
1554 | our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION; |
|
|
1555 | |
|
|
1556 | sub _reset() { |
|
|
1557 | eval q{ |
|
|
1558 | # fall back to the main API by default - backends and AnyEvent::Base |
|
|
1559 | # implementations can overwrite these. |
|
|
1560 | |
|
|
1561 | sub io($$$) { |
|
|
1562 | AnyEvent->io (fh => $_[0], poll => $_[1] ? "w" : "r", cb => $_[2]) |
|
|
1563 | } |
|
|
1564 | |
|
|
1565 | sub timer($$$) { |
|
|
1566 | AnyEvent->timer (after => $_[0], interval => $_[1], cb => $_[2]) |
|
|
1567 | } |
|
|
1568 | |
|
|
1569 | sub signal($$) { |
|
|
1570 | AnyEvent->signal (signal => $_[0], cb => $_[1]) |
|
|
1571 | } |
|
|
1572 | |
|
|
1573 | sub child($$) { |
|
|
1574 | AnyEvent->child (pid => $_[0], cb => $_[1]) |
|
|
1575 | } |
|
|
1576 | |
|
|
1577 | sub idle($) { |
|
|
1578 | AnyEvent->idle (cb => $_[0]); |
|
|
1579 | } |
|
|
1580 | |
|
|
1581 | sub cv(;&) { |
|
|
1582 | AnyEvent->condvar (@_ ? (cb => $_[0]) : ()) |
|
|
1583 | } |
|
|
1584 | |
|
|
1585 | sub now() { |
|
|
1586 | AnyEvent->now |
|
|
1587 | } |
|
|
1588 | |
|
|
1589 | sub now_update() { |
|
|
1590 | AnyEvent->now_update |
|
|
1591 | } |
|
|
1592 | |
|
|
1593 | sub time() { |
|
|
1594 | AnyEvent->time |
|
|
1595 | } |
|
|
1596 | |
|
|
1597 | *postpone = \&AnyEvent::postpone; |
|
|
1598 | *log = \&AnyEvent::log; |
|
|
1599 | }; |
|
|
1600 | die if $@; |
|
|
1601 | } |
|
|
1602 | |
|
|
1603 | BEGIN { _reset } |
|
|
1604 | |
1177 | package AnyEvent::Base; |
1605 | package AnyEvent::Base; |
1178 | |
1606 | |
1179 | # default implementations for many methods |
1607 | # default implementations for many methods |
1180 | |
1608 | |
1181 | BEGIN { |
1609 | sub time { |
|
|
1610 | eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {} |
|
|
1611 | # probe for availability of Time::HiRes |
1182 | if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") { |
1612 | if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") { |
|
|
1613 | *time = sub { Time::HiRes::time () }; |
1183 | *_time = \&Time::HiRes::time; |
1614 | *AE::time = \& Time::HiRes::time ; |
|
|
1615 | *now = \&time; |
|
|
1616 | AnyEvent::log 8 => "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy."; |
1184 | # if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())... |
1617 | # if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())... |
1185 | } else { |
1618 | } else { |
1186 | *_time = sub { time }; # epic fail |
1619 | *time = sub { CORE::time }; |
|
|
1620 | *AE::time = sub (){ CORE::time }; |
|
|
1621 | *now = \&time; |
|
|
1622 | AnyEvent::log 3 => "using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!"; |
|
|
1623 | } |
|
|
1624 | }; |
|
|
1625 | die if $@; |
|
|
1626 | |
|
|
1627 | &time |
|
|
1628 | } |
|
|
1629 | |
|
|
1630 | *now = \&time; |
|
|
1631 | sub now_update { } |
|
|
1632 | |
|
|
1633 | sub _poll { |
|
|
1634 | Carp::croak "$AnyEvent::MODEL does not support blocking waits. Caught"; |
|
|
1635 | } |
|
|
1636 | |
|
|
1637 | # default implementation for ->condvar |
|
|
1638 | # in fact, the default should not be overwritten |
|
|
1639 | |
|
|
1640 | sub condvar { |
|
|
1641 | eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {} |
|
|
1642 | *condvar = sub { |
|
|
1643 | bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar" |
|
|
1644 | }; |
|
|
1645 | |
|
|
1646 | *AE::cv = sub (;&) { |
|
|
1647 | bless { @_ ? (_ae_cb => shift) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar" |
|
|
1648 | }; |
|
|
1649 | }; |
|
|
1650 | die if $@; |
|
|
1651 | |
|
|
1652 | &condvar |
|
|
1653 | } |
|
|
1654 | |
|
|
1655 | # default implementation for ->signal |
|
|
1656 | |
|
|
1657 | our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT; |
|
|
1658 | |
|
|
1659 | sub _have_async_interrupt() { |
|
|
1660 | $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT = 1*(!$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT} |
|
|
1661 | && eval "use Async::Interrupt 1.02 (); 1") |
|
|
1662 | unless defined $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT; |
|
|
1663 | |
|
|
1664 | $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT |
|
|
1665 | } |
|
|
1666 | |
|
|
1667 | our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO); |
|
|
1668 | our (%SIG_ASY, %SIG_ASY_W); |
|
|
1669 | our ($SIG_COUNT, $SIG_TW); |
|
|
1670 | |
|
|
1671 | # install a dummy wakeup watcher to reduce signal catching latency |
|
|
1672 | # used by Impls |
|
|
1673 | sub _sig_add() { |
|
|
1674 | unless ($SIG_COUNT++) { |
|
|
1675 | # try to align timer on a full-second boundary, if possible |
|
|
1676 | my $NOW = AE::now; |
|
|
1677 | |
|
|
1678 | $SIG_TW = AE::timer |
|
|
1679 | $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY - ($NOW - int $NOW), |
|
|
1680 | $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY, |
|
|
1681 | sub { } # just for the PERL_ASYNC_CHECK |
|
|
1682 | ; |
1187 | } |
1683 | } |
1188 | } |
1684 | } |
1189 | |
1685 | |
1190 | sub time { _time } |
1686 | sub _sig_del { |
1191 | sub now { _time } |
1687 | undef $SIG_TW |
1192 | sub now_update { } |
1688 | unless --$SIG_COUNT; |
1193 | |
|
|
1194 | # default implementation for ->condvar |
|
|
1195 | |
|
|
1196 | sub condvar { |
|
|
1197 | bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar" |
|
|
1198 | } |
1689 | } |
1199 | |
1690 | |
1200 | # default implementation for ->signal |
1691 | our $_sig_name_init; $_sig_name_init = sub { |
|
|
1692 | eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {} |
|
|
1693 | undef $_sig_name_init; |
1201 | |
1694 | |
1202 | our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO); |
1695 | if (_have_async_interrupt) { |
|
|
1696 | *sig2num = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2num; |
|
|
1697 | *sig2name = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2name; |
|
|
1698 | } else { |
|
|
1699 | require Config; |
1203 | |
1700 | |
1204 | sub _signal_exec { |
1701 | my %signame2num; |
1205 | sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 4; |
1702 | @signame2num{ split ' ', $Config::Config{sig_name} } |
|
|
1703 | = split ' ', $Config::Config{sig_num}; |
1206 | |
1704 | |
1207 | while (%SIG_EV) { |
1705 | my @signum2name; |
1208 | for (keys %SIG_EV) { |
1706 | @signum2name[values %signame2num] = keys %signame2num; |
1209 | delete $SIG_EV{$_}; |
1707 | |
1210 | $_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} || {} }; |
1708 | *sig2num = sub($) { |
|
|
1709 | $_[0] > 0 ? shift : $signame2num{+shift} |
|
|
1710 | }; |
|
|
1711 | *sig2name = sub ($) { |
|
|
1712 | $_[0] > 0 ? $signum2name[+shift] : shift |
|
|
1713 | }; |
1211 | } |
1714 | } |
1212 | } |
1715 | }; |
1213 | } |
1716 | die if $@; |
|
|
1717 | }; |
|
|
1718 | |
|
|
1719 | sub sig2num ($) { &$_sig_name_init; &sig2num } |
|
|
1720 | sub sig2name($) { &$_sig_name_init; &sig2name } |
1214 | |
1721 | |
1215 | sub signal { |
1722 | sub signal { |
1216 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1723 | eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {} |
|
|
1724 | # probe for availability of Async::Interrupt |
|
|
1725 | if (_have_async_interrupt) { |
|
|
1726 | AnyEvent::log 8 => "using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling."; |
1217 | |
1727 | |
1218 | unless ($SIGPIPE_R) { |
1728 | $SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe; |
1219 | require Fcntl; |
1729 | $SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, 0, \&_signal_exec; |
1220 | |
1730 | |
1221 | if (AnyEvent::WIN32) { |
|
|
1222 | require AnyEvent::Util; |
|
|
1223 | |
|
|
1224 | ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe (); |
|
|
1225 | AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R) if $SIGPIPE_R; |
|
|
1226 | AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case |
|
|
1227 | } else { |
1731 | } else { |
|
|
1732 | AnyEvent::log 8 => "using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer."; |
|
|
1733 | |
|
|
1734 | if (AnyEvent::WIN32) { |
|
|
1735 | require AnyEvent::Util; |
|
|
1736 | |
|
|
1737 | ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe (); |
|
|
1738 | AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R, 1) if $SIGPIPE_R; |
|
|
1739 | AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W, 1) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case |
|
|
1740 | } else { |
1228 | pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W; |
1741 | pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W; |
1229 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R; |
1742 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, AnyEvent::F_SETFL, AnyEvent::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R; |
1230 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case |
1743 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, AnyEvent::F_SETFL, AnyEvent::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case |
1231 | |
1744 | |
1232 | # not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure... |
1745 | # not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure... |
1233 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC; |
1746 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, AnyEvent::F_SETFD, AnyEvent::FD_CLOEXEC; |
1234 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC; |
1747 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, AnyEvent::F_SETFD, AnyEvent::FD_CLOEXEC; |
|
|
1748 | } |
|
|
1749 | |
|
|
1750 | $SIGPIPE_R |
|
|
1751 | or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n"; |
|
|
1752 | |
|
|
1753 | $SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R, 0, \&_signal_exec; |
1235 | } |
1754 | } |
1236 | |
1755 | |
1237 | $SIGPIPE_R |
1756 | *signal = $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT |
1238 | or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n"; |
1757 | ? sub { |
|
|
1758 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1239 | |
1759 | |
1240 | $SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec); |
1760 | # async::interrupt |
1241 | } |
|
|
1242 | |
|
|
1243 | my $signal = uc $arg{signal} |
1761 | my $signal = sig2num $arg{signal}; |
1244 | or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing"; |
|
|
1245 | |
|
|
1246 | $SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
1762 | $SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
|
|
1763 | |
|
|
1764 | $SIG_ASY{$signal} ||= new Async::Interrupt |
|
|
1765 | cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} }, |
|
|
1766 | signal => $signal, |
|
|
1767 | pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos], |
|
|
1768 | pipe_autodrain => 0, |
|
|
1769 | ; |
|
|
1770 | |
|
|
1771 | bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal" |
|
|
1772 | } |
|
|
1773 | : sub { |
|
|
1774 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
|
|
1775 | |
|
|
1776 | # pure perl |
|
|
1777 | my $signal = sig2name $arg{signal}; |
|
|
1778 | $SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
|
|
1779 | |
1247 | $SIG{$signal} ||= sub { |
1780 | $SIG{$signal} ||= sub { |
1248 | local $!; |
1781 | local $!; |
1249 | syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV; |
1782 | syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV; |
1250 | undef $SIG_EV{$signal}; |
1783 | undef $SIG_EV{$signal}; |
|
|
1784 | }; |
|
|
1785 | |
|
|
1786 | # can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl, |
|
|
1787 | # so limit the signal latency. |
|
|
1788 | _sig_add; |
|
|
1789 | |
|
|
1790 | bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal" |
|
|
1791 | } |
|
|
1792 | ; |
|
|
1793 | |
|
|
1794 | *AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY = sub { |
|
|
1795 | my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
|
|
1796 | |
|
|
1797 | _sig_del; |
|
|
1798 | |
|
|
1799 | delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb}; |
|
|
1800 | |
|
|
1801 | $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT |
|
|
1802 | ? delete $SIG_ASY{$signal} |
|
|
1803 | : # delete doesn't work with older perls - they then |
|
|
1804 | # print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit |
|
|
1805 | # instead of getting the default action. |
|
|
1806 | undef $SIG{$signal} |
|
|
1807 | unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} }; |
|
|
1808 | }; |
|
|
1809 | |
|
|
1810 | *_signal_exec = sub { |
|
|
1811 | $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT |
|
|
1812 | ? $SIGPIPE_R->drain |
|
|
1813 | : sysread $SIGPIPE_R, (my $dummy), 9; |
|
|
1814 | |
|
|
1815 | while (%SIG_EV) { |
|
|
1816 | for (keys %SIG_EV) { |
|
|
1817 | delete $SIG_EV{$_}; |
|
|
1818 | &$_ for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} || {} }; |
|
|
1819 | } |
|
|
1820 | } |
|
|
1821 | }; |
1251 | }; |
1822 | }; |
|
|
1823 | die if $@; |
1252 | |
1824 | |
1253 | bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal" |
1825 | &signal |
1254 | } |
|
|
1255 | |
|
|
1256 | sub AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY { |
|
|
1257 | my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
|
|
1258 | |
|
|
1259 | delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb}; |
|
|
1260 | |
|
|
1261 | # delete doesn't work with older perls - they then |
|
|
1262 | # print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit |
|
|
1263 | # instead of getting the default action. |
|
|
1264 | undef $SIG{$signal} unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} }; |
|
|
1265 | } |
1826 | } |
1266 | |
1827 | |
1267 | # default implementation for ->child |
1828 | # default implementation for ->child |
1268 | |
1829 | |
1269 | our %PID_CB; |
1830 | our %PID_CB; |
1270 | our $CHLD_W; |
1831 | our $CHLD_W; |
1271 | our $CHLD_DELAY_W; |
1832 | our $CHLD_DELAY_W; |
1272 | our $WNOHANG; |
|
|
1273 | |
1833 | |
1274 | sub _sigchld { |
1834 | # used by many Impl's |
1275 | while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) { |
1835 | sub _emit_childstatus($$) { |
|
|
1836 | my (undef, $rpid, $rstatus) = @_; |
|
|
1837 | |
|
|
1838 | $_->($rpid, $rstatus) |
1276 | $_->($pid, $?) for (values %{ $PID_CB{$pid} || {} }), |
1839 | for values %{ $PID_CB{$rpid} || {} }, |
1277 | (values %{ $PID_CB{0} || {} }); |
1840 | values %{ $PID_CB{0} || {} }; |
1278 | } |
|
|
1279 | } |
1841 | } |
1280 | |
1842 | |
1281 | sub child { |
1843 | sub child { |
|
|
1844 | eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {} |
|
|
1845 | *_sigchld = sub { |
|
|
1846 | my $pid; |
|
|
1847 | |
|
|
1848 | AnyEvent->_emit_childstatus ($pid, $?) |
|
|
1849 | while ($pid = waitpid -1, WNOHANG) > 0; |
|
|
1850 | }; |
|
|
1851 | |
|
|
1852 | *child = sub { |
1282 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1853 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1283 | |
1854 | |
1284 | defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0) |
1855 | my $pid = $arg{pid}; |
1285 | or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing"; |
1856 | my $cb = $arg{cb}; |
1286 | |
1857 | |
1287 | $PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
1858 | $PID_CB{$pid}{$cb+0} = $cb; |
1288 | |
1859 | |
1289 | $WNOHANG ||= eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } || 1; |
|
|
1290 | |
|
|
1291 | unless ($CHLD_W) { |
1860 | unless ($CHLD_W) { |
1292 | $CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld); |
1861 | $CHLD_W = AE::signal CHLD => \&_sigchld; |
1293 | # child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round |
1862 | # child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round |
1294 | &_sigchld; |
1863 | &_sigchld; |
1295 | } |
1864 | } |
1296 | |
1865 | |
1297 | bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child" |
1866 | bless [$pid, $cb+0], "AnyEvent::Base::child" |
1298 | } |
1867 | }; |
1299 | |
1868 | |
1300 | sub AnyEvent::Base::child::DESTROY { |
1869 | *AnyEvent::Base::child::DESTROY = sub { |
1301 | my ($pid, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
1870 | my ($pid, $icb) = @{$_[0]}; |
1302 | |
1871 | |
1303 | delete $PID_CB{$pid}{$cb}; |
1872 | delete $PID_CB{$pid}{$icb}; |
1304 | delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} }; |
1873 | delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} }; |
1305 | |
1874 | |
1306 | undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB; |
1875 | undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB; |
|
|
1876 | }; |
|
|
1877 | }; |
|
|
1878 | die if $@; |
|
|
1879 | |
|
|
1880 | &child |
1307 | } |
1881 | } |
1308 | |
1882 | |
1309 | # idle emulation is done by simply using a timer, regardless |
1883 | # idle emulation is done by simply using a timer, regardless |
1310 | # of whether the process is idle or not, and not letting |
1884 | # of whether the process is idle or not, and not letting |
1311 | # the callback use more than 50% of the time. |
1885 | # the callback use more than 50% of the time. |
1312 | sub idle { |
1886 | sub idle { |
|
|
1887 | eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {} |
|
|
1888 | *idle = sub { |
1313 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1889 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1314 | |
1890 | |
1315 | my ($cb, $w, $rcb) = $arg{cb}; |
1891 | my ($cb, $w, $rcb) = $arg{cb}; |
1316 | |
1892 | |
1317 | $rcb = sub { |
1893 | $rcb = sub { |
1318 | if ($cb) { |
1894 | if ($cb) { |
1319 | $w = _time; |
1895 | $w = AE::time; |
1320 | &$cb; |
1896 | &$cb; |
1321 | $w = _time - $w; |
1897 | $w = AE::time - $w; |
1322 | |
1898 | |
1323 | # never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher, |
1899 | # never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher, |
1324 | # within some limits |
1900 | # within some limits |
1325 | $w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001; |
1901 | $w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001; |
1326 | $w = 5 if $w > 5; |
1902 | $w = 5 if $w > 5; |
1327 | |
1903 | |
1328 | $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $w, cb => $rcb); |
1904 | $w = AE::timer $w, 0, $rcb; |
1329 | } else { |
1905 | } else { |
1330 | # clean up... |
1906 | # clean up... |
1331 | undef $w; |
1907 | undef $w; |
1332 | undef $rcb; |
1908 | undef $rcb; |
|
|
1909 | } |
|
|
1910 | }; |
|
|
1911 | |
|
|
1912 | $w = AE::timer 0.05, 0, $rcb; |
|
|
1913 | |
|
|
1914 | bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle" |
1333 | } |
1915 | }; |
|
|
1916 | |
|
|
1917 | *AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY = sub { |
|
|
1918 | undef $${$_[0]}; |
|
|
1919 | }; |
1334 | }; |
1920 | }; |
|
|
1921 | die if $@; |
1335 | |
1922 | |
1336 | $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 0.05, cb => $rcb); |
1923 | &idle |
1337 | |
|
|
1338 | bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle" |
|
|
1339 | } |
|
|
1340 | |
|
|
1341 | sub AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY { |
|
|
1342 | undef $${$_[0]}; |
|
|
1343 | } |
1924 | } |
1344 | |
1925 | |
1345 | package AnyEvent::CondVar; |
1926 | package AnyEvent::CondVar; |
1346 | |
1927 | |
1347 | our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::; |
1928 | our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::; |
1348 | |
1929 | |
|
|
1930 | # only to be used for subclassing |
|
|
1931 | sub new { |
|
|
1932 | my $class = shift; |
|
|
1933 | bless AnyEvent->condvar (@_), $class |
|
|
1934 | } |
|
|
1935 | |
1349 | package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base; |
1936 | package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base; |
1350 | |
1937 | |
1351 | use overload |
1938 | #use overload |
1352 | '&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } }, |
1939 | # '&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } }, |
1353 | fallback => 1; |
1940 | # fallback => 1; |
|
|
1941 | |
|
|
1942 | # save 300+ kilobytes by dirtily hardcoding overloading |
|
|
1943 | ${"AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::OVERLOAD"}{dummy}++; # Register with magic by touching. |
|
|
1944 | *{'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::()'} = sub { }; # "Make it findable via fetchmethod." |
|
|
1945 | *{'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::(&{}'} = sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } }; # &{} |
|
|
1946 | ${'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::()'} = 1; # fallback |
|
|
1947 | |
|
|
1948 | our $WAITING; |
1354 | |
1949 | |
1355 | sub _send { |
1950 | sub _send { |
1356 | # nop |
1951 | # nop |
|
|
1952 | } |
|
|
1953 | |
|
|
1954 | sub _wait { |
|
|
1955 | AnyEvent->_poll until $_[0]{_ae_sent}; |
1357 | } |
1956 | } |
1358 | |
1957 | |
1359 | sub send { |
1958 | sub send { |
1360 | my $cv = shift; |
1959 | my $cv = shift; |
1361 | $cv->{_ae_sent} = [@_]; |
1960 | $cv->{_ae_sent} = [@_]; |
… | |
… | |
1370 | |
1969 | |
1371 | sub ready { |
1970 | sub ready { |
1372 | $_[0]{_ae_sent} |
1971 | $_[0]{_ae_sent} |
1373 | } |
1972 | } |
1374 | |
1973 | |
1375 | sub _wait { |
|
|
1376 | AnyEvent->one_event while !$_[0]{_ae_sent}; |
|
|
1377 | } |
|
|
1378 | |
|
|
1379 | sub recv { |
1974 | sub recv { |
|
|
1975 | unless ($_[0]{_ae_sent}) { |
|
|
1976 | $WAITING |
|
|
1977 | and Carp::croak "AnyEvent::CondVar: recursive blocking wait attempted"; |
|
|
1978 | |
|
|
1979 | local $WAITING = 1; |
1380 | $_[0]->_wait; |
1980 | $_[0]->_wait; |
|
|
1981 | } |
1381 | |
1982 | |
1382 | Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak} if $_[0]{_ae_croak}; |
1983 | $_[0]{_ae_croak} |
1383 | wantarray ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0] |
1984 | and Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak}; |
|
|
1985 | |
|
|
1986 | wantarray |
|
|
1987 | ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } |
|
|
1988 | : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0] |
1384 | } |
1989 | } |
1385 | |
1990 | |
1386 | sub cb { |
1991 | sub cb { |
1387 | $_[0]{_ae_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1; |
1992 | my $cv = shift; |
|
|
1993 | |
|
|
1994 | @_ |
|
|
1995 | and $cv->{_ae_cb} = shift |
|
|
1996 | and $cv->{_ae_sent} |
|
|
1997 | and (delete $cv->{_ae_cb})->($cv); |
|
|
1998 | |
1388 | $_[0]{_ae_cb} |
1999 | $cv->{_ae_cb} |
1389 | } |
2000 | } |
1390 | |
2001 | |
1391 | sub begin { |
2002 | sub begin { |
1392 | ++$_[0]{_ae_counter}; |
2003 | ++$_[0]{_ae_counter}; |
1393 | $_[0]{_ae_end_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1; |
2004 | $_[0]{_ae_end_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1; |
… | |
… | |
1398 | &{ $_[0]{_ae_end_cb} || sub { $_[0]->send } }; |
2009 | &{ $_[0]{_ae_end_cb} || sub { $_[0]->send } }; |
1399 | } |
2010 | } |
1400 | |
2011 | |
1401 | # undocumented/compatibility with pre-3.4 |
2012 | # undocumented/compatibility with pre-3.4 |
1402 | *broadcast = \&send; |
2013 | *broadcast = \&send; |
1403 | *wait = \&_wait; |
2014 | *wait = \&recv; |
1404 | |
2015 | |
1405 | =head1 ERROR AND EXCEPTION HANDLING |
2016 | =head1 ERROR AND EXCEPTION HANDLING |
1406 | |
2017 | |
1407 | In general, AnyEvent does not do any error handling - it relies on the |
2018 | In general, AnyEvent does not do any error handling - it relies on the |
1408 | caller to do that if required. The L<AnyEvent::Strict> module (see also |
2019 | caller to do that if required. The L<AnyEvent::Strict> module (see also |
… | |
… | |
1420 | $Event/EV::DIED->() >>, L<Glib> uses C<< install_exception_handler >> and |
2031 | $Event/EV::DIED->() >>, L<Glib> uses C<< install_exception_handler >> and |
1421 | so on. |
2032 | so on. |
1422 | |
2033 | |
1423 | =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES |
2034 | =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES |
1424 | |
2035 | |
1425 | The following environment variables are used by this module or its |
2036 | AnyEvent supports a number of environment variables that tune the |
1426 | submodules. |
2037 | runtime behaviour. They are usually evaluated when AnyEvent is |
|
|
2038 | loaded, initialised, or a submodule that uses them is loaded. Many of |
|
|
2039 | them also cause AnyEvent to load additional modules - for example, |
|
|
2040 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_WRAP> causes the L<AnyEvent::Debug> module to be |
|
|
2041 | loaded. |
1427 | |
2042 | |
1428 | Note that AnyEvent will remove I<all> environment variables starting with |
2043 | All the environment variables documented here start with |
1429 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_> from C<%ENV> when it is loaded while taint mode is |
2044 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_>, which is what AnyEvent considers its own |
1430 | enabled. |
2045 | namespace. Other modules are encouraged (but by no means required) to use |
|
|
2046 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_SUBMODULE> if they have registered the AnyEvent::Submodule |
|
|
2047 | namespace on CPAN, for any submodule. For example, L<AnyEvent::HTTP> could |
|
|
2048 | be expected to use C<PERL_ANYEVENT_HTTP_PROXY> (it should not access env |
|
|
2049 | variables starting with C<AE_>, see below). |
|
|
2050 | |
|
|
2051 | All variables can also be set via the C<AE_> prefix, that is, instead |
|
|
2052 | of setting C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE> you can also set C<AE_VERBOSE>. In |
|
|
2053 | case there is a clash btween anyevent and another program that uses |
|
|
2054 | C<AE_something> you can set the corresponding C<PERL_ANYEVENT_something> |
|
|
2055 | variable to the empty string, as those variables take precedence. |
|
|
2056 | |
|
|
2057 | When AnyEvent is first loaded, it copies all C<AE_xxx> env variables |
|
|
2058 | to their C<PERL_ANYEVENT_xxx> counterpart unless that variable already |
|
|
2059 | exists. If taint mode is on, then AnyEvent will remove I<all> environment |
|
|
2060 | variables starting with C<PERL_ANYEVENT_> from C<%ENV> (or replace them |
|
|
2061 | with C<undef> or the empty string, if the corresaponding C<AE_> variable |
|
|
2062 | is set). |
|
|
2063 | |
|
|
2064 | The exact algorithm is currently: |
|
|
2065 | |
|
|
2066 | 1. if taint mode enabled, delete all PERL_ANYEVENT_xyz variables from %ENV |
|
|
2067 | 2. copy over AE_xyz to PERL_ANYEVENT_xyz unless the latter alraedy exists |
|
|
2068 | 3. if taint mode enabled, set all PERL_ANYEVENT_xyz variables to undef. |
|
|
2069 | |
|
|
2070 | This ensures that child processes will not see the C<AE_> variables. |
|
|
2071 | |
|
|
2072 | The following environment variables are currently known to AnyEvent: |
1431 | |
2073 | |
1432 | =over 4 |
2074 | =over 4 |
1433 | |
2075 | |
1434 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE> |
2076 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE> |
1435 | |
2077 | |
1436 | By default, AnyEvent will be completely silent except in fatal |
2078 | By default, AnyEvent will log messages with loglevel C<4> (C<error>) or |
1437 | conditions. You can set this environment variable to make AnyEvent more |
2079 | higher (see L<AnyEvent::Log>). You can set this environment variable to a |
1438 | talkative. |
2080 | numerical loglevel to make AnyEvent more (or less) talkative. |
1439 | |
2081 | |
|
|
2082 | If you want to do more than just set the global logging level |
|
|
2083 | you should have a look at C<PERL_ANYEVENT_LOG>, which allows much more |
|
|
2084 | complex specifications. |
|
|
2085 | |
|
|
2086 | When set to C<0> (C<off>), then no messages whatsoever will be logged with |
|
|
2087 | everything else at defaults. |
|
|
2088 | |
1440 | When set to C<1> or higher, causes AnyEvent to warn about unexpected |
2089 | When set to C<5> or higher (C<warn>), AnyEvent warns about unexpected |
1441 | conditions, such as not being able to load the event model specified by |
2090 | conditions, such as not being able to load the event model specified by |
1442 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>. |
2091 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>, or a guard callback throwing an exception - this |
|
|
2092 | is the minimum recommended level for use during development. |
1443 | |
2093 | |
1444 | When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event |
2094 | When set to C<7> or higher (info), AnyEvent reports which event model it |
1445 | model it chooses. |
2095 | chooses. |
|
|
2096 | |
|
|
2097 | When set to C<8> or higher (debug), then AnyEvent will report extra |
|
|
2098 | information on which optional modules it loads and how it implements |
|
|
2099 | certain features. |
|
|
2100 | |
|
|
2101 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_LOG> |
|
|
2102 | |
|
|
2103 | Accepts rather complex logging specifications. For example, you could log |
|
|
2104 | all C<debug> messages of some module to stderr, warnings and above to |
|
|
2105 | stderr, and errors and above to syslog, with: |
|
|
2106 | |
|
|
2107 | PERL_ANYEVENT_LOG=Some::Module=debug,+log:filter=warn,+%syslog:%syslog=error,syslog |
|
|
2108 | |
|
|
2109 | For the rather extensive details, see L<AnyEvent::Log>. |
|
|
2110 | |
|
|
2111 | This variable is evaluated when AnyEvent (or L<AnyEvent::Log>) is loaded, |
|
|
2112 | so will take effect even before AnyEvent has initialised itself. |
|
|
2113 | |
|
|
2114 | Note that specifying this environment variable causes the L<AnyEvent::Log> |
|
|
2115 | module to be loaded, while C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE> does not, so only |
|
|
2116 | using the latter saves a few hundred kB of memory unless a module |
|
|
2117 | explicitly needs the extra features of AnyEvent::Log. |
1446 | |
2118 | |
1447 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT> |
2119 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT> |
1448 | |
2120 | |
1449 | AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough |
2121 | AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough |
1450 | argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value |
2122 | argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value |
… | |
… | |
1452 | check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems, |
2124 | check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems, |
1453 | it will croak. |
2125 | it will croak. |
1454 | |
2126 | |
1455 | In other words, enables "strict" mode. |
2127 | In other words, enables "strict" mode. |
1456 | |
2128 | |
1457 | Unlike C<use strict>, it is definitely recommended to keep it off in |
2129 | Unlike C<use strict> (or its modern cousin, C<< use L<common::sense> |
1458 | production. Keeping C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while |
2130 | >>, it is definitely recommended to keep it off in production. Keeping |
1459 | developing programs can be very useful, however. |
2131 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while developing programs |
|
|
2132 | can be very useful, however. |
|
|
2133 | |
|
|
2134 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_SHELL> |
|
|
2135 | |
|
|
2136 | If this env variable is nonempty, then its contents will be interpreted by |
|
|
2137 | C<AnyEvent::Socket::parse_hostport> and C<AnyEvent::Debug::shell> (after |
|
|
2138 | replacing every occurance of C<$$> by the process pid). The shell object |
|
|
2139 | is saved in C<$AnyEvent::Debug::SHELL>. |
|
|
2140 | |
|
|
2141 | This happens when the first watcher is created. |
|
|
2142 | |
|
|
2143 | For example, to bind a debug shell on a unix domain socket in |
|
|
2144 | F<< /tmp/debug<pid>.sock >>, you could use this: |
|
|
2145 | |
|
|
2146 | PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_SHELL=/tmp/debug\$\$.sock perlprog |
|
|
2147 | # connect with e.g.: socat readline /tmp/debug123.sock |
|
|
2148 | |
|
|
2149 | Or to bind to tcp port 4545 on localhost: |
|
|
2150 | |
|
|
2151 | PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_SHELL=127.0.0.1:4545 perlprog |
|
|
2152 | # connect with e.g.: telnet localhost 4545 |
|
|
2153 | |
|
|
2154 | Note that creating sockets in F</tmp> or on localhost is very unsafe on |
|
|
2155 | multiuser systems. |
|
|
2156 | |
|
|
2157 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_WRAP> |
|
|
2158 | |
|
|
2159 | Can be set to C<0>, C<1> or C<2> and enables wrapping of all watchers for |
|
|
2160 | debugging purposes. See C<AnyEvent::Debug::wrap> for details. |
1460 | |
2161 | |
1461 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL> |
2162 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL> |
1462 | |
2163 | |
1463 | This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before |
2164 | This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before |
1464 | auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting |
2165 | auto detection and -probing kicks in. |
1465 | entirely of ASCII letters. The string C<AnyEvent::Impl::> gets prepended |
2166 | |
|
|
2167 | It normally is a string consisting entirely of ASCII letters (e.g. C<EV> |
|
|
2168 | or C<IOAsync>). The string C<AnyEvent::Impl::> gets prepended and the |
1466 | and the resulting module name is loaded and if the load was successful, |
2169 | resulting module name is loaded and - if the load was successful - used as |
1467 | used as event model. If it fails to load AnyEvent will proceed with |
2170 | event model backend. If it fails to load then AnyEvent will proceed with |
1468 | auto detection and -probing. |
2171 | auto detection and -probing. |
1469 | |
2172 | |
1470 | This functionality might change in future versions. |
2173 | If the string ends with C<::> instead (e.g. C<AnyEvent::Impl::EV::>) then |
|
|
2174 | nothing gets prepended and the module name is used as-is (hint: C<::> at |
|
|
2175 | the end of a string designates a module name and quotes it appropriately). |
1471 | |
2176 | |
1472 | For example, to force the pure perl model (L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) you |
2177 | For example, to force the pure perl model (L<AnyEvent::Loop::Perl>) you |
1473 | could start your program like this: |
2178 | could start your program like this: |
1474 | |
2179 | |
1475 | PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL=Perl perl ... |
2180 | PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL=Perl perl ... |
1476 | |
2181 | |
1477 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS> |
2182 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS> |
… | |
… | |
1493 | but support both and try to use both. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv4> |
2198 | but support both and try to use both. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv4> |
1494 | - only support IPv4, never try to resolve or contact IPv6 |
2199 | - only support IPv4, never try to resolve or contact IPv6 |
1495 | addresses. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv6,ipv4> support either IPv4 or |
2200 | addresses. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv6,ipv4> support either IPv4 or |
1496 | IPv6, but prefer IPv6 over IPv4. |
2201 | IPv6, but prefer IPv6 over IPv4. |
1497 | |
2202 | |
|
|
2203 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_HOSTS> |
|
|
2204 | |
|
|
2205 | This variable, if specified, overrides the F</etc/hosts> file used by |
|
|
2206 | L<AnyEvent::Socket>C<::resolve_sockaddr>, i.e. hosts aliases will be read |
|
|
2207 | from that file instead. |
|
|
2208 | |
1498 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_EDNS0> |
2209 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_EDNS0> |
1499 | |
2210 | |
1500 | Used by L<AnyEvent::DNS> to decide whether to use the EDNS0 extension |
2211 | Used by L<AnyEvent::DNS> to decide whether to use the EDNS0 extension for |
1501 | for DNS. This extension is generally useful to reduce DNS traffic, but |
2212 | DNS. This extension is generally useful to reduce DNS traffic, especially |
1502 | some (broken) firewalls drop such DNS packets, which is why it is off by |
2213 | when DNSSEC is involved, but some (broken) firewalls drop such DNS |
1503 | default. |
2214 | packets, which is why it is off by default. |
1504 | |
2215 | |
1505 | Setting this variable to C<1> will cause L<AnyEvent::DNS> to announce |
2216 | Setting this variable to C<1> will cause L<AnyEvent::DNS> to announce |
1506 | EDNS0 in its DNS requests. |
2217 | EDNS0 in its DNS requests. |
1507 | |
2218 | |
1508 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS> |
2219 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS> |
… | |
… | |
1514 | |
2225 | |
1515 | The default value for the C<max_outstanding> parameter for the default DNS |
2226 | The default value for the C<max_outstanding> parameter for the default DNS |
1516 | resolver - this is the maximum number of parallel DNS requests that are |
2227 | resolver - this is the maximum number of parallel DNS requests that are |
1517 | sent to the DNS server. |
2228 | sent to the DNS server. |
1518 | |
2229 | |
|
|
2230 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> |
|
|
2231 | |
|
|
2232 | Perl has inherently racy signal handling (you can basically choose between |
|
|
2233 | losing signals and memory corruption) - pure perl event loops (including |
|
|
2234 | C<AnyEvent::Loop>, when C<Async::Interrupt> isn't available) therefore |
|
|
2235 | have to poll regularly to avoid losing signals. |
|
|
2236 | |
|
|
2237 | Some event loops are racy, but don't poll regularly, and some event loops |
|
|
2238 | are written in C but are still racy. For those event loops, AnyEvent |
|
|
2239 | installs a timer that regularly wakes up the event loop. |
|
|
2240 | |
|
|
2241 | By default, the interval for this timer is C<10> seconds, but you can |
|
|
2242 | override this delay with this environment variable (or by setting |
|
|
2243 | the C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> variable before creating signal |
|
|
2244 | watchers). |
|
|
2245 | |
|
|
2246 | Lower values increase CPU (and energy) usage, higher values can introduce |
|
|
2247 | long delays when reaping children or waiting for signals. |
|
|
2248 | |
|
|
2249 | The L<AnyEvent::Async> module, if available, will be used to avoid this |
|
|
2250 | polling (with most event loops). |
|
|
2251 | |
1519 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_RESOLV_CONF> |
2252 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_RESOLV_CONF> |
1520 | |
2253 | |
1521 | The file to use instead of F</etc/resolv.conf> (or OS-specific |
2254 | The absolute path to a F<resolv.conf>-style file to use instead of |
1522 | configuration) in the default resolver. When set to the empty string, no |
2255 | F</etc/resolv.conf> (or the OS-specific configuration) in the default |
1523 | default config will be used. |
2256 | resolver, or the empty string to select the default configuration. |
1524 | |
2257 | |
1525 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_FILE>, C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_PATH>. |
2258 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_FILE>, C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_PATH>. |
1526 | |
2259 | |
1527 | When neither C<ca_file> nor C<ca_path> was specified during |
2260 | When neither C<ca_file> nor C<ca_path> was specified during |
1528 | L<AnyEvent::TLS> context creation, and either of these environment |
2261 | L<AnyEvent::TLS> context creation, and either of these environment |
1529 | variables exist, they will be used to specify CA certificate locations |
2262 | variables are nonempty, they will be used to specify CA certificate |
1530 | instead of a system-dependent default. |
2263 | locations instead of a system-dependent default. |
|
|
2264 | |
|
|
2265 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_GUARD> and C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT> |
|
|
2266 | |
|
|
2267 | When these are set to C<1>, then the respective modules are not |
|
|
2268 | loaded. Mostly good for testing AnyEvent itself. |
1531 | |
2269 | |
1532 | =back |
2270 | =back |
1533 | |
2271 | |
1534 | =head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE |
2272 | =head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE |
1535 | |
2273 | |
… | |
… | |
1593 | warn "read: $input\n"; # output what has been read |
2331 | warn "read: $input\n"; # output what has been read |
1594 | $cv->send if $input =~ /^q/i; # quit program if /^q/i |
2332 | $cv->send if $input =~ /^q/i; # quit program if /^q/i |
1595 | }, |
2333 | }, |
1596 | ); |
2334 | ); |
1597 | |
2335 | |
1598 | my $time_watcher; # can only be used once |
|
|
1599 | |
|
|
1600 | sub new_timer { |
|
|
1601 | $timer = AnyEvent->timer (after => 1, cb => sub { |
2336 | my $time_watcher = AnyEvent->timer (after => 1, interval => 1, cb => sub { |
1602 | warn "timeout\n"; # print 'timeout' about every second |
2337 | warn "timeout\n"; # print 'timeout' at most every second |
1603 | &new_timer; # and restart the time |
|
|
1604 | }); |
2338 | }); |
1605 | } |
|
|
1606 | |
|
|
1607 | new_timer; # create first timer |
|
|
1608 | |
2339 | |
1609 | $cv->recv; # wait until user enters /^q/i |
2340 | $cv->recv; # wait until user enters /^q/i |
1610 | |
2341 | |
1611 | =head1 REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE |
2342 | =head1 REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE |
1612 | |
2343 | |
… | |
… | |
1685 | |
2416 | |
1686 | The actual code goes further and collects all errors (C<die>s, exceptions) |
2417 | The actual code goes further and collects all errors (C<die>s, exceptions) |
1687 | that occurred during request processing. The C<result> method detects |
2418 | that occurred during request processing. The C<result> method detects |
1688 | whether an exception as thrown (it is stored inside the $txn object) |
2419 | whether an exception as thrown (it is stored inside the $txn object) |
1689 | and just throws the exception, which means connection errors and other |
2420 | and just throws the exception, which means connection errors and other |
1690 | problems get reported tot he code that tries to use the result, not in a |
2421 | problems get reported to the code that tries to use the result, not in a |
1691 | random callback. |
2422 | random callback. |
1692 | |
2423 | |
1693 | All of this enables the following usage styles: |
2424 | All of this enables the following usage styles: |
1694 | |
2425 | |
1695 | 1. Blocking: |
2426 | 1. Blocking: |
… | |
… | |
1743 | through AnyEvent. The benchmark creates a lot of timers (with a zero |
2474 | through AnyEvent. The benchmark creates a lot of timers (with a zero |
1744 | timeout) and I/O watchers (watching STDOUT, a pty, to become writable, |
2475 | timeout) and I/O watchers (watching STDOUT, a pty, to become writable, |
1745 | which it is), lets them fire exactly once and destroys them again. |
2476 | which it is), lets them fire exactly once and destroys them again. |
1746 | |
2477 | |
1747 | Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench> in the AnyEvent |
2478 | Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench> in the AnyEvent |
1748 | distribution. |
2479 | distribution. It uses the L<AE> interface, which makes a real difference |
|
|
2480 | for the EV and Perl backends only. |
1749 | |
2481 | |
1750 | =head3 Explanation of the columns |
2482 | =head3 Explanation of the columns |
1751 | |
2483 | |
1752 | I<watcher> is the number of event watchers created/destroyed. Since |
2484 | I<watcher> is the number of event watchers created/destroyed. Since |
1753 | different event models feature vastly different performances, each event |
2485 | different event models feature vastly different performances, each event |
… | |
… | |
1774 | watcher. |
2506 | watcher. |
1775 | |
2507 | |
1776 | =head3 Results |
2508 | =head3 Results |
1777 | |
2509 | |
1778 | name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment |
2510 | name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment |
1779 | EV/EV 400000 224 0.47 0.35 0.27 EV native interface |
2511 | EV/EV 100000 223 0.47 0.43 0.27 EV native interface |
1780 | EV/Any 100000 224 2.88 0.34 0.27 EV + AnyEvent watchers |
2512 | EV/Any 100000 223 0.48 0.42 0.26 EV + AnyEvent watchers |
1781 | CoroEV/Any 100000 224 2.85 0.35 0.28 coroutines + Coro::Signal |
2513 | Coro::EV/Any 100000 223 0.47 0.42 0.26 coroutines + Coro::Signal |
1782 | Perl/Any 100000 452 4.13 0.73 0.95 pure perl implementation |
2514 | Perl/Any 100000 431 2.70 0.74 0.92 pure perl implementation |
1783 | Event/Event 16000 517 32.20 31.80 0.81 Event native interface |
2515 | Event/Event 16000 516 31.16 31.84 0.82 Event native interface |
1784 | Event/Any 16000 590 35.85 31.55 1.06 Event + AnyEvent watchers |
2516 | Event/Any 16000 1203 42.61 34.79 1.80 Event + AnyEvent watchers |
1785 | IOAsync/Any 16000 989 38.10 32.77 11.13 via IO::Async::Loop::IO_Poll |
2517 | IOAsync/Any 16000 1911 41.92 27.45 16.81 via IO::Async::Loop::IO_Poll |
1786 | IOAsync/Any 16000 990 37.59 29.50 10.61 via IO::Async::Loop::Epoll |
2518 | IOAsync/Any 16000 1726 40.69 26.37 15.25 via IO::Async::Loop::Epoll |
1787 | Glib/Any 16000 1357 102.33 12.31 51.00 quadratic behaviour |
2519 | Glib/Any 16000 1118 89.00 12.57 51.17 quadratic behaviour |
1788 | Tk/Any 2000 1860 27.20 66.31 14.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers |
2520 | Tk/Any 2000 1346 20.96 10.75 8.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers |
1789 | POE/Event 2000 6328 109.99 751.67 14.02 via POE::Loop::Event |
2521 | POE/Any 2000 6951 108.97 795.32 14.24 via POE::Loop::Event |
1790 | POE/Select 2000 6027 94.54 809.13 579.80 via POE::Loop::Select |
2522 | POE/Any 2000 6648 94.79 774.40 575.51 via POE::Loop::Select |
1791 | |
2523 | |
1792 | =head3 Discussion |
2524 | =head3 Discussion |
1793 | |
2525 | |
1794 | The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very |
2526 | The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very |
1795 | well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one) |
2527 | well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one) |
… | |
… | |
1807 | benchmark machine, handling an event takes roughly 1600 CPU cycles with |
2539 | benchmark machine, handling an event takes roughly 1600 CPU cycles with |
1808 | EV, 3100 CPU cycles with AnyEvent's pure perl loop and almost 3000000 CPU |
2540 | EV, 3100 CPU cycles with AnyEvent's pure perl loop and almost 3000000 CPU |
1809 | cycles with POE. |
2541 | cycles with POE. |
1810 | |
2542 | |
1811 | C<EV> is the sole leader regarding speed and memory use, which are both |
2543 | C<EV> is the sole leader regarding speed and memory use, which are both |
1812 | maximal/minimal, respectively. Even when going through AnyEvent, it uses |
2544 | maximal/minimal, respectively. When using the L<AE> API there is zero |
|
|
2545 | overhead (when going through the AnyEvent API create is about 5-6 times |
|
|
2546 | slower, with other times being equal, so still uses far less memory than |
1813 | far less memory than any other event loop and is still faster than Event |
2547 | any other event loop and is still faster than Event natively). |
1814 | natively. |
|
|
1815 | |
2548 | |
1816 | The pure perl implementation is hit in a few sweet spots (both the |
2549 | The pure perl implementation is hit in a few sweet spots (both the |
1817 | constant timeout and the use of a single fd hit optimisations in the perl |
2550 | constant timeout and the use of a single fd hit optimisations in the perl |
1818 | interpreter and the backend itself). Nevertheless this shows that it |
2551 | interpreter and the backend itself). Nevertheless this shows that it |
1819 | adds very little overhead in itself. Like any select-based backend its |
2552 | adds very little overhead in itself. Like any select-based backend its |
… | |
… | |
1867 | (even when used without AnyEvent), but most event loops have acceptable |
2600 | (even when used without AnyEvent), but most event loops have acceptable |
1868 | performance with or without AnyEvent. |
2601 | performance with or without AnyEvent. |
1869 | |
2602 | |
1870 | =item * The overhead AnyEvent adds is usually much smaller than the overhead of |
2603 | =item * The overhead AnyEvent adds is usually much smaller than the overhead of |
1871 | the actual event loop, only with extremely fast event loops such as EV |
2604 | the actual event loop, only with extremely fast event loops such as EV |
1872 | adds AnyEvent significant overhead. |
2605 | does AnyEvent add significant overhead. |
1873 | |
2606 | |
1874 | =item * You should avoid POE like the plague if you want performance or |
2607 | =item * You should avoid POE like the plague if you want performance or |
1875 | reasonable memory usage. |
2608 | reasonable memory usage. |
1876 | |
2609 | |
1877 | =back |
2610 | =back |
… | |
… | |
1893 | In this benchmark, we use 10000 socket pairs (20000 sockets), of which 100 |
2626 | In this benchmark, we use 10000 socket pairs (20000 sockets), of which 100 |
1894 | (1%) are active. This mirrors the activity of large servers with many |
2627 | (1%) are active. This mirrors the activity of large servers with many |
1895 | connections, most of which are idle at any one point in time. |
2628 | connections, most of which are idle at any one point in time. |
1896 | |
2629 | |
1897 | Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench2> in the AnyEvent |
2630 | Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench2> in the AnyEvent |
1898 | distribution. |
2631 | distribution. It uses the L<AE> interface, which makes a real difference |
|
|
2632 | for the EV and Perl backends only. |
1899 | |
2633 | |
1900 | =head3 Explanation of the columns |
2634 | =head3 Explanation of the columns |
1901 | |
2635 | |
1902 | I<sockets> is the number of sockets, and twice the number of "servers" (as |
2636 | I<sockets> is the number of sockets, and twice the number of "servers" (as |
1903 | each server has a read and write socket end). |
2637 | each server has a read and write socket end). |
… | |
… | |
1911 | a new one that moves the timeout into the future. |
2645 | a new one that moves the timeout into the future. |
1912 | |
2646 | |
1913 | =head3 Results |
2647 | =head3 Results |
1914 | |
2648 | |
1915 | name sockets create request |
2649 | name sockets create request |
1916 | EV 20000 69.01 11.16 |
2650 | EV 20000 62.66 7.99 |
1917 | Perl 20000 73.32 35.87 |
2651 | Perl 20000 68.32 32.64 |
1918 | IOAsync 20000 157.00 98.14 epoll |
2652 | IOAsync 20000 174.06 101.15 epoll |
1919 | IOAsync 20000 159.31 616.06 poll |
2653 | IOAsync 20000 174.67 610.84 poll |
1920 | Event 20000 212.62 257.32 |
2654 | Event 20000 202.69 242.91 |
1921 | Glib 20000 651.16 1896.30 |
2655 | Glib 20000 557.01 1689.52 |
1922 | POE 20000 349.67 12317.24 uses POE::Loop::Event |
2656 | POE 20000 341.54 12086.32 uses POE::Loop::Event |
1923 | |
2657 | |
1924 | =head3 Discussion |
2658 | =head3 Discussion |
1925 | |
2659 | |
1926 | This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the |
2660 | This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the |
1927 | particular event loop. |
2661 | particular event loop. |
… | |
… | |
2053 | As you can see, the AnyEvent + EV combination even beats the |
2787 | As you can see, the AnyEvent + EV combination even beats the |
2054 | hand-optimised "raw sockets benchmark", while AnyEvent + its pure perl |
2788 | hand-optimised "raw sockets benchmark", while AnyEvent + its pure perl |
2055 | backend easily beats IO::Lambda and POE. |
2789 | backend easily beats IO::Lambda and POE. |
2056 | |
2790 | |
2057 | And even the 100% non-blocking version written using the high-level (and |
2791 | And even the 100% non-blocking version written using the high-level (and |
2058 | slow :) L<AnyEvent::Handle> abstraction beats both POE and IO::Lambda by a |
2792 | slow :) L<AnyEvent::Handle> abstraction beats both POE and IO::Lambda |
2059 | large margin, even though it does all of DNS, tcp-connect and socket I/O |
2793 | higher level ("unoptimised") abstractions by a large margin, even though |
2060 | in a non-blocking way. |
2794 | it does all of DNS, tcp-connect and socket I/O in a non-blocking way. |
2061 | |
2795 | |
2062 | The two AnyEvent benchmarks programs can be found as F<eg/ae0.pl> and |
2796 | The two AnyEvent benchmarks programs can be found as F<eg/ae0.pl> and |
2063 | F<eg/ae2.pl> in the AnyEvent distribution, the remaining benchmarks are |
2797 | F<eg/ae2.pl> in the AnyEvent distribution, the remaining benchmarks are |
2064 | part of the IO::lambda distribution and were used without any changes. |
2798 | part of the IO::Lambda distribution and were used without any changes. |
2065 | |
2799 | |
2066 | |
2800 | |
2067 | =head1 SIGNALS |
2801 | =head1 SIGNALS |
2068 | |
2802 | |
2069 | AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals: |
2803 | AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals: |
… | |
… | |
2074 | |
2808 | |
2075 | A handler for C<SIGCHLD> is installed by AnyEvent's child watcher |
2809 | A handler for C<SIGCHLD> is installed by AnyEvent's child watcher |
2076 | emulation for event loops that do not support them natively. Also, some |
2810 | emulation for event loops that do not support them natively. Also, some |
2077 | event loops install a similar handler. |
2811 | event loops install a similar handler. |
2078 | |
2812 | |
2079 | If, when AnyEvent is loaded, SIGCHLD is set to IGNORE, then AnyEvent will |
2813 | Additionally, when AnyEvent is loaded and SIGCHLD is set to IGNORE, then |
2080 | reset it to default, to avoid losing child exit statuses. |
2814 | AnyEvent will reset it to default, to avoid losing child exit statuses. |
2081 | |
2815 | |
2082 | =item SIGPIPE |
2816 | =item SIGPIPE |
2083 | |
2817 | |
2084 | A no-op handler is installed for C<SIGPIPE> when C<$SIG{PIPE}> is C<undef> |
2818 | A no-op handler is installed for C<SIGPIPE> when C<$SIG{PIPE}> is C<undef> |
2085 | when AnyEvent gets loaded. |
2819 | when AnyEvent gets loaded. |
… | |
… | |
2103 | if $SIG{CHLD} eq 'IGNORE'; |
2837 | if $SIG{CHLD} eq 'IGNORE'; |
2104 | |
2838 | |
2105 | $SIG{PIPE} = sub { } |
2839 | $SIG{PIPE} = sub { } |
2106 | unless defined $SIG{PIPE}; |
2840 | unless defined $SIG{PIPE}; |
2107 | |
2841 | |
|
|
2842 | =head1 RECOMMENDED/OPTIONAL MODULES |
|
|
2843 | |
|
|
2844 | One of AnyEvent's main goals is to be 100% Pure-Perl(tm): only perl (and |
|
|
2845 | its built-in modules) are required to use it. |
|
|
2846 | |
|
|
2847 | That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional |
|
|
2848 | modules if they are installed. |
|
|
2849 | |
|
|
2850 | This section explains which additional modules will be used, and how they |
|
|
2851 | affect AnyEvent's operation. |
|
|
2852 | |
|
|
2853 | =over 4 |
|
|
2854 | |
|
|
2855 | =item L<Async::Interrupt> |
|
|
2856 | |
|
|
2857 | This slightly arcane module is used to implement fast signal handling: To |
|
|
2858 | my knowledge, there is no way to do completely race-free and quick |
|
|
2859 | signal handling in pure perl. To ensure that signals still get |
|
|
2860 | delivered, AnyEvent will start an interval timer to wake up perl (and |
|
|
2861 | catch the signals) with some delay (default is 10 seconds, look for |
|
|
2862 | C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>). |
|
|
2863 | |
|
|
2864 | If this module is available, then it will be used to implement signal |
|
|
2865 | catching, which means that signals will not be delayed, and the event loop |
|
|
2866 | will not be interrupted regularly, which is more efficient (and good for |
|
|
2867 | battery life on laptops). |
|
|
2868 | |
|
|
2869 | This affects not just the pure-perl event loop, but also other event loops |
|
|
2870 | that have no signal handling on their own (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt). |
|
|
2871 | |
|
|
2872 | Some event loops (POE, Event, Event::Lib) offer signal watchers natively, |
|
|
2873 | and either employ their own workarounds (POE) or use AnyEvent's workaround |
|
|
2874 | (using C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>). Installing L<Async::Interrupt> |
|
|
2875 | does nothing for those backends. |
|
|
2876 | |
|
|
2877 | =item L<EV> |
|
|
2878 | |
|
|
2879 | This module isn't really "optional", as it is simply one of the backend |
|
|
2880 | event loops that AnyEvent can use. However, it is simply the best event |
|
|
2881 | loop available in terms of features, speed and stability: It supports |
|
|
2882 | the AnyEvent API optimally, implements all the watcher types in XS, does |
|
|
2883 | automatic timer adjustments even when no monotonic clock is available, |
|
|
2884 | can take avdantage of advanced kernel interfaces such as C<epoll> and |
|
|
2885 | C<kqueue>, and is the fastest backend I<by far>. You can even embed |
|
|
2886 | L<Glib>/L<Gtk2> in it (or vice versa, see L<EV::Glib> and L<Glib::EV>). |
|
|
2887 | |
|
|
2888 | If you only use backends that rely on another event loop (e.g. C<Tk>), |
|
|
2889 | then this module will do nothing for you. |
|
|
2890 | |
|
|
2891 | =item L<Guard> |
|
|
2892 | |
|
|
2893 | The guard module, when used, will be used to implement |
|
|
2894 | C<AnyEvent::Util::guard>. This speeds up guards considerably (and uses a |
|
|
2895 | lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is |
|
|
2896 | purely used for performance. |
|
|
2897 | |
|
|
2898 | =item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS> |
|
|
2899 | |
|
|
2900 | One of these modules is required when you want to read or write JSON data |
|
|
2901 | via L<AnyEvent::Handle>. L<JSON> is also written in pure-perl, but can take |
|
|
2902 | advantage of the ultra-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed. |
|
|
2903 | |
|
|
2904 | =item L<Net::SSLeay> |
|
|
2905 | |
|
|
2906 | Implementing TLS/SSL in Perl is certainly interesting, but not very |
|
|
2907 | worthwhile: If this module is installed, then L<AnyEvent::Handle> (with |
|
|
2908 | the help of L<AnyEvent::TLS>), gains the ability to do TLS/SSL. |
|
|
2909 | |
|
|
2910 | =item L<Time::HiRes> |
|
|
2911 | |
|
|
2912 | This module is part of perl since release 5.008. It will be used when the |
|
|
2913 | chosen event library does not come with a timing source of its own. The |
|
|
2914 | pure-perl event loop (L<AnyEvent::Loop>) will additionally load it to |
|
|
2915 | try to use a monotonic clock for timing stability. |
|
|
2916 | |
|
|
2917 | =back |
|
|
2918 | |
|
|
2919 | |
2108 | =head1 FORK |
2920 | =head1 FORK |
2109 | |
2921 | |
2110 | Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are |
2922 | Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are |
2111 | because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll> |
2923 | because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll> calls |
2112 | calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware. |
2924 | - higher performance APIs such as BSD's kqueue or the dreaded Linux epoll |
|
|
2925 | are usually badly thought-out hacks that are incompatible with fork in |
|
|
2926 | one way or another. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware and ensures that you |
|
|
2927 | continue event-processing in both parent and child (or both, if you know |
|
|
2928 | what you are doing). |
|
|
2929 | |
|
|
2930 | This means that, in general, you cannot fork and do event processing in |
|
|
2931 | the child if the event library was initialised before the fork (which |
|
|
2932 | usually happens when the first AnyEvent watcher is created, or the library |
|
|
2933 | is loaded). |
2113 | |
2934 | |
2114 | If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first |
2935 | If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first |
2115 | watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child. |
2936 | watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child OR you must do |
|
|
2937 | something completely out of the scope of AnyEvent. |
|
|
2938 | |
|
|
2939 | The problem of doing event processing in the parent I<and> the child |
|
|
2940 | is much more complicated: even for backends that I<are> fork-aware or |
|
|
2941 | fork-safe, their behaviour is not usually what you want: fork clones all |
|
|
2942 | watchers, that means all timers, I/O watchers etc. are active in both |
|
|
2943 | parent and child, which is almost never what you want. USing C<exec> |
|
|
2944 | to start worker children from some kind of manage rprocess is usually |
|
|
2945 | preferred, because it is much easier and cleaner, at the expense of having |
|
|
2946 | to have another binary. |
2116 | |
2947 | |
2117 | |
2948 | |
2118 | =head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS |
2949 | =head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS |
2119 | |
2950 | |
2120 | AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via |
2951 | AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via |
… | |
… | |
2150 | pronounced). |
2981 | pronounced). |
2151 | |
2982 | |
2152 | |
2983 | |
2153 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
2984 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
2154 | |
2985 | |
2155 | Utility functions: L<AnyEvent::Util>. |
2986 | Tutorial/Introduction: L<AnyEvent::Intro>. |
2156 | |
2987 | |
2157 | Event modules: L<EV>, L<EV::Glib>, L<Glib::EV>, L<Event>, L<Glib::Event>, |
2988 | FAQ: L<AnyEvent::FAQ>. |
2158 | L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>. |
2989 | |
|
|
2990 | Utility functions: L<AnyEvent::Util> (misc. grab-bag), L<AnyEvent::Log> |
|
|
2991 | (simply logging). |
|
|
2992 | |
|
|
2993 | Development/Debugging: L<AnyEvent::Strict> (stricter checking), |
|
|
2994 | L<AnyEvent::Debug> (interactive shell, watcher tracing). |
|
|
2995 | |
|
|
2996 | Supported event modules: L<AnyEvent::Loop>, L<EV>, L<EV::Glib>, |
|
|
2997 | L<Glib::EV>, L<Event>, L<Glib::Event>, L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, |
|
|
2998 | L<Qt>, L<POE>, L<FLTK>. |
2159 | |
2999 | |
2160 | Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>, |
3000 | Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>, |
2161 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>, |
3001 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>, |
2162 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>, |
3002 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>, |
2163 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>. |
3003 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>, L<Anyevent::Impl::Irssi>, |
|
|
3004 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::FLTK>. |
2164 | |
3005 | |
2165 | Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and |
3006 | Non-blocking handles, pipes, stream sockets, TCP clients and |
2166 | servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>. |
3007 | servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>. |
2167 | |
3008 | |
2168 | Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>. |
3009 | Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>. |
2169 | |
3010 | |
2170 | Coroutine support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>, |
3011 | Thread support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>, L<Coro::Event>. |
2171 | L<Coro::Event>, |
|
|
2172 | |
3012 | |
2173 | Nontrivial usage examples: L<AnyEvent::GPSD>, L<AnyEvent::XMPP>, |
3013 | Nontrivial usage examples: L<AnyEvent::GPSD>, L<AnyEvent::IRC>, |
2174 | L<AnyEvent::HTTP>. |
3014 | L<AnyEvent::HTTP>. |
2175 | |
3015 | |
2176 | |
3016 | |
2177 | =head1 AUTHOR |
3017 | =head1 AUTHOR |
2178 | |
3018 | |