[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm

Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.265 by root, Wed Jul 29 13:10:58 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.279 by root, Sun Aug 9 16:05:11 2009 UTC

 my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are
 declared.
 =head2 I/O WATCHERS
+   $w = AnyEvent->io (
+      fh   => <filehandle_or_fileno>,
+      poll => <"r" or "w">,
+      cb   => <callback>,
+   );
 You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method
 with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:
 C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch
 for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file
       undef $w;
    });
 =head2 TIME WATCHERS
+   $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => <seconds>, cb => <callback>);
+   $w = AnyEvent->timer (
+      after    => <fractional_seconds>,
+      interval => <fractional_seconds>,
+      cb       => <callback>,
+   );
 You can create a time watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->timer >>
 method with the following mandatory arguments:
 C<after> specifies after how many seconds (fractional values are
 supported) the callback should be invoked. C<cb> is the callback to invoke
 =back
 =head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS
+   $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => <uppercase_signal_name>, cb => <callback>);
 You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal
 I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl
 callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs.
 Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and
    my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 });
 =head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds
 Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support attaching
-callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot do
+callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot
-race-free signal handling in perl. AnyEvent will try to do it's best, but
+do race-free signal handling in perl, requiring C libraries for
+this. AnyEvent will try to do it's best, which means in some cases,
-in some cases, signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might
+signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might be delayed is
-be delayed is specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10
+specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10 seconds). This
-seconds). This variable can be changed only before the first signal
+variable can be changed only before the first signal watcher is created,
-watcher is created, and should be left alone otherwise. Higher values
+and should be left alone otherwise. This variable determines how often
+AnyEvent polls for signals (in case a wake-up was missed). Higher values
 will cause fewer spurious wake-ups, which is better for power and CPU
+saving.
-saving. All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional
+All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional
-L<Async::Interrupt> module. This will not work with inherently broken
+L<Async::Interrupt> module, which works with most event loops. It will not
-event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib> (and not with L<POE>
+work with inherently broken event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib>
-currently, as POE does it's own workaround with one-second latency). With
+(and not with L<POE> currently, as POE does it's own workaround with
-those, you just have to suffer the delays.
+one-second latency). For those, you just have to suffer the delays.
 =head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS
+   $w = AnyEvent->child (pid => <process id>, cb => <callback>);
 You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status.
 The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (one some backends,
 using C<0> watches for any child process exit, on others this will
    # do something else, then wait for process exit
    $done->recv;
 =head2 IDLE WATCHERS
+   $w = AnyEvent->idle (cb => <callback>);
 Sometimes there is a need to do something, but it is not so important
 to do it instantly, but only when there is nothing better to do. This
 "nothing better to do" is usually defined to be "no other events need
 attention by the event loop".
       });
    });
 =head2 CONDITION VARIABLES
+   $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
+   $cv->send (<list>);
+   my @res = $cv->recv;
 If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them
 require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that
 will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.
 AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event
 =item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv))
 This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally
 replaces it before doing so.
-The callback will be called when the condition becomes "true", i.e. when
+The callback will be called when the condition becomes (or already was)
-C<send> or C<croak> are called, with the only argument being the condition
+"true", i.e. when C<send> or C<croak> are called (or were called), with
-variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time
+the only argument being the condition variable itself. Calling C<recv>
-is guaranteed not to block.
+inside the callback or at any later time is guaranteed not to block.
 =back
 =head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS
 =over 4
 =item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found.
 EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in
-use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will try Event, and, failing
+use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will fall back to its own
-that, will fall back to its own pure-perl implementation, which is
+pure-perl implementation, which is available everywhere as it comes with
-available everywhere as it comes with AnyEvent itself.
+AnyEvent itself.
    AnyEvent::Impl::EV        based on EV (interface to libev, best choice).
-   AnyEvent::Impl::Event     based on Event, very stable, few glitches.
    AnyEvent::Impl::Perl      pure-perl implementation, fast and portable.
 =item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used.
 These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher
 is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using
 them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend
 when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to
 create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program.
+   AnyEvent::Impl::Event     based on Event, very stable, few glitches.
    AnyEvent::Impl::Glib      based on Glib, slow but very stable.
    AnyEvent::Impl::Tk        based on Tk, very broken.
    AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib  based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.
    AnyEvent::Impl::POE       based on POE, very slow, some limitations.
    AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi     used when running within irssi.
 BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
 use Carp ();
-our $VERSION = 4.881;
+our $VERSION = '5.0';
 our $MODEL;
 our $AUTOLOAD;
 our @ISA;
              $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} || "ipv4,ipv6";
 }
 my @models = (
    [EV::                   => AnyEvent::Impl::EV::   , 1],
-   [Event::                => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::, 1],
    [AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: , 1],
    # everything below here will not (normally) be autoprobed
    # as the pureperl backend should work everywhere
    # and is usually faster
+   [Event::                => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::, 1],
    [Glib::                 => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib:: , 1], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers
    [Event::Lib::           => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy
    [Irssi::                => AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi::],    # Irssi has a bogus "Event" package
    [Tk::                   => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::],       # crashes with many handles
    [Qt::                   => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::],       # requires special main program
    [Prima::                => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
    # IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its
    # byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others.
    # IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any
    # obvious default class.
-#   [0, IO::Async::            => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::],  # requires special main program
+   [IO::Async::               => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
-#   [0, IO::Async::Loop::      => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::],  # requires special main program
+   [IO::Async::Loop::         => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
-#   [0, IO::Async::Notifier::  => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::],  # requires special main program
+   [IO::Async::Notifier::     => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
+   [AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
 );
 our %method = map +($_ => 1),
    qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY);
    # we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases
    ($fh2, $rw)
 }
+=head1 SIMPLIFIED AE API
+Starting with version 5.0, AnyEvent officially supports a second, much
+simpler, API that is designed to reduce the calling, typing and memory
+overhead.
+See the L<AE> manpage for details.
+=cut
+package AE;
+our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
+sub io($$$) {
+   AnyEvent->io (fh => $_[0], poll => $_[1] ? "w" : "r", cb => $_[2])
+}
+sub timer($$$) {
+   AnyEvent->timer (after => $_[0], interval => $_[1], cb => $_[2])
+}
+sub signal($$) {
+   AnyEvent->signal (signal => $_[0], cb => $_[1])
+}
+sub child($$) {
+   AnyEvent->child (pid => $_[0], cb => $_[1])
+}
+sub idle($) {
+   AnyEvent->idle (cb => $_[0])
+}
+sub cv(;&) {
+   AnyEvent->condvar (@_ ? (cb => $_[0]) : ())
+}
+sub now() {
+   AnyEvent->now
+}
+sub now_update() {
+   AnyEvent->now_update
+}
+sub time() {
+   AnyEvent->time
+}
 package AnyEvent::Base;
 # default implementations for many methods
 sub _time {
 # install a dummy wakeup watcher to reduce signal catching latency
 sub _sig_add() {
    unless ($SIG_COUNT++) {
       # try to align timer on a full-second boundary, if possible
-      my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;
+      my $NOW = AE::now;
-      $SIG_TW = AnyEvent->timer (
+      $SIG_TW = AE::timer
-         after    => $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY - ($NOW - int $NOW),
+         $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY - ($NOW - int $NOW),
-         interval => $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY,
+         $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY,
-         cb       => sub { }, # just for the PERL_ASYNC_CHECK
+         sub { } # just for the PERL_ASYNC_CHECK
-      );
+      ;
    }
 }
 sub _sig_del {
    undef $SIG_TW
       # probe for availability of Async::Interrupt
       if (_have_async_interrupt) {
          warn "AnyEvent: using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
          $SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe;
-         $SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec);
+         $SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, 0, \&_signal_exec;
       } else {
          warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
          require Fcntl;
          }
          $SIGPIPE_R
             or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";
-         $SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec);
+         $SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R, 0, \&_signal_exec;
       }
       *signal = sub {
          my (undef, %arg) = @_;
    $WNOHANG ||= $^O =~ /^(?:openbsd|netbsd|linux|freebsd|cygwin|MSWin32)$/
                 ? 1
                 : eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } || 1;
    unless ($CHLD_W) {
-      $CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld);
+      $CHLD_W = AE::signal CHLD => \&_sigchld;
       # child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round
       &_sigchld;
    }
    bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child"
          # never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher,
          # within some limits
          $w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001;
          $w = 5      if $w > 5;
-         $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $w, cb => $rcb);
+         $w = AE::timer $w, 0, $rcb;
       } else {
          # clean up...
          undef $w;
          undef $rcb;
       }
    };
-   $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 0.05, cb => $rcb);
+   $w = AE::timer 0.05, 0, $rcb;
    bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle"
 }
 sub AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY {
    Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak} if $_[0]{_ae_croak};
    wantarray ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0]
 }
 sub cb {
-   $_[0]{_ae_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;
+   my $cv = shift;
+   @_
+      and $cv->{_ae_cb} = shift
+      and $cv->{_ae_sent}
+      and (delete $cv->{_ae_cb})->($cv);
-   $_[0]{_ae_cb}
+   $cv->{_ae_cb}
 }
 sub begin {
    ++$_[0]{_ae_counter};
    $_[0]{_ae_end_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;
 through AnyEvent. The benchmark creates a lot of timers (with a zero
 timeout) and I/O watchers (watching STDOUT, a pty, to become writable,
 which it is), lets them fire exactly once and destroys them again.
 Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench> in the AnyEvent
-distribution.
+distribution. It uses the L<AE> interface, which makes a real difference
+for the EV and Perl backends only.
 =head3 Explanation of the columns
 I<watcher> is the number of event watchers created/destroyed. Since
 different event models feature vastly different performances, each event
 watcher.
 =head3 Results
           name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment
-         EV/EV   400000   224   0.47   0.35    0.27 EV native interface
+         EV/EV   100000   223   0.47   0.43    0.27 EV native interface
-        EV/Any   100000   224   2.88   0.34    0.27 EV + AnyEvent watchers
+        EV/Any   100000   223   0.48   0.42    0.26 EV + AnyEvent watchers
-    CoroEV/Any   100000   224   2.85   0.35    0.28 coroutines + Coro::Signal
+  Coro::EV/Any   100000   223   0.47   0.42    0.26 coroutines + Coro::Signal
-      Perl/Any   100000   452   4.13   0.73    0.95 pure perl implementation
+      Perl/Any   100000   431   2.70   0.74    0.92 pure perl implementation
-   Event/Event    16000   517  32.20  31.80    0.81 Event native interface
+   Event/Event    16000   516  31.16  31.84    0.82 Event native interface
-     Event/Any    16000   590  35.85  31.55    1.06 Event + AnyEvent watchers
+     Event/Any    16000  1203  42.61  34.79    1.80 Event + AnyEvent watchers
-   IOAsync/Any    16000   989  38.10  32.77   11.13 via IO::Async::Loop::IO_Poll
+   IOAsync/Any    16000  1911  41.92  27.45   16.81 via IO::Async::Loop::IO_Poll
-   IOAsync/Any    16000   990  37.59  29.50   10.61 via IO::Async::Loop::Epoll
+   IOAsync/Any    16000  1726  40.69  26.37   15.25 via IO::Async::Loop::Epoll
-      Glib/Any    16000  1357 102.33  12.31   51.00 quadratic behaviour
+      Glib/Any    16000  1118  89.00  12.57   51.17 quadratic behaviour
-        Tk/Any     2000  1860  27.20  66.31   14.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers
+        Tk/Any     2000  1346  20.96  10.75    8.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers
-     POE/Event     2000  6328 109.99 751.67   14.02 via POE::Loop::Event
+       POE/Any     2000  6951 108.97 795.32   14.24 via POE::Loop::Event
-    POE/Select     2000  6027  94.54 809.13  579.80 via POE::Loop::Select
+       POE/Any     2000  6648  94.79 774.40  575.51 via POE::Loop::Select
 =head3 Discussion
 The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very
 well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one)
 benchmark machine, handling an event takes roughly 1600 CPU cycles with
 EV, 3100 CPU cycles with AnyEvent's pure perl loop and almost 3000000 CPU
 cycles with POE.
 C<EV> is the sole leader regarding speed and memory use, which are both
-maximal/minimal, respectively. Even when going through AnyEvent, it uses
+maximal/minimal, respectively. When using the L<AE> API there is zero
+overhead (when going through the AnyEvent API create is about 5-6 times
+slower, with other times being equal, so still uses far less memory than
-far less memory than any other event loop and is still faster than Event
+any other event loop and is still faster than Event natively).
-natively.
 The pure perl implementation is hit in a few sweet spots (both the
 constant timeout and the use of a single fd hit optimisations in the perl
 interpreter and the backend itself). Nevertheless this shows that it
 adds very little overhead in itself. Like any select-based backend its
 In this benchmark, we use 10000 socket pairs (20000 sockets), of which 100
 (1%) are active. This mirrors the activity of large servers with many
 connections, most of which are idle at any one point in time.
 Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench2> in the AnyEvent
-distribution.
+distribution. It uses the L<AE> interface, which makes a real difference
+for the EV and Perl backends only.
 =head3 Explanation of the columns
 I<sockets> is the number of sockets, and twice the number of "servers" (as
 each server has a read and write socket end).
 a new one that moves the timeout into the future.
 =head3 Results
      name sockets create  request
-       EV   20000  69.01    11.16
+       EV   20000  62.66     7.99
-     Perl   20000  73.32    35.87
+     Perl   20000  68.32    32.64
-  IOAsync   20000 157.00    98.14 epoll
+  IOAsync   20000 174.06   101.15 epoll
-  IOAsync   20000 159.31   616.06 poll
+  IOAsync   20000 174.67   610.84 poll
-    Event   20000 212.62   257.32
+    Event   20000 202.69   242.91
-     Glib   20000 651.16  1896.30
+     Glib   20000 557.01  1689.52
-      POE   20000 349.67 12317.24 uses POE::Loop::Event
+      POE   20000 341.54 12086.32 uses POE::Loop::Event
 =head3 Discussion
 This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the
 particular event loop.

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Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents): Revision 1.265 by root, Wed Jul 29 13:10:58 2009 UTC vs. Revision 1.279 by root, Sun Aug 9 16:05:11 2009 UTC

Diff Legend

Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.265 by root, Wed Jul 29 13:10:58 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.279 by root, Sun Aug 9 16:05:11 2009 UTC