[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm

Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.228 by root, Wed Jul 8 01:11:12 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.266 by root, Thu Jul 30 03:41:56 2009 UTC

…		…
1	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
2		2
3	AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops	3	AnyEvent - the DBI of event loop programming
4		4
5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt and POE are various supported	5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Irssi, rxvt-unicode, IO::Async, Qt
6	event loops.	6	and POE are various supported event loops/environments.
7		7
8	=head1 SYNOPSIS	8	=head1 SYNOPSIS
9		9
10	use AnyEvent;	10	use AnyEvent;
11		11
40	=head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL	40	=head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL
41		41
42	This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested	42	This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested
43	in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the	43	in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the
44	L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage.	44	L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage.
		45
		46	=head1 SUPPORT
		47
		48	There is a mailinglist for discussing all things AnyEvent, and an IRC
		49	channel, too.
		50
		51	See the AnyEvent project page at the B<Schmorpforge Ta-Sa Software
		52	Repository>, at L<http://anyevent.schmorp.de>, for more info.
45		53
46	=head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT)	54	=head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT)
47		55
48	Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen	56	Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen
49	nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent?	57	nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent?
…		…
173	my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are	181	my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are
174	declared.	182	declared.
175		183
176	=head2 I/O WATCHERS	184	=head2 I/O WATCHERS
177		185
		186	$w = AnyEvent->io (
		187	fh => <filehandle_or_fileno>,
		188	poll => <"r" or "w">,
		189	cb => <callback>,
		190	);
		191
178	You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method	192	You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method
179	with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:	193	with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:
180		194
181	C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (I<not> file descriptor, see below) to	195	C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch
182	watch for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this	196	for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file
183	file handle). Note that only file handles pointing to things for which	197	handle). Note that only file handles pointing to things for which
184	non-blocking operation makes sense are allowed. This includes sockets,	198	non-blocking operation makes sense are allowed. This includes sockets,
185	most character devices, pipes, fifos and so on, but not for example files	199	most character devices, pipes, fifos and so on, but not for example files
186	or block devices.	200	or block devices.
187		201
188	C<poll> must be a string that is either C<r> or C<w>, which creates a	202	C<poll> must be a string that is either C<r> or C<w>, which creates a
…		…
209	chomp (my $input = <STDIN>);	223	chomp (my $input = <STDIN>);
210	warn "read: $input\n";	224	warn "read: $input\n";
211	undef $w;	225	undef $w;
212	});	226	});
213		227
214	=head3 GETTING A FILE HANDLE FROM A FILE DESCRIPTOR
215
216	It is not uncommon to only have a file descriptor, while AnyEvent requires
217	a Perl file handle.
218
219	There are basically two methods to convert a file descriptor into a file handle. If you own
220	the file descriptor, you can open it with C<&=>, as in:
221
222	open my $fh, "<&=$fileno" or die "xxx: §!";
223
224	This will "own" the file descriptor, meaning that when C<$fh> is
225	destroyed, it will automatically close the C<$fileno>. Also, note that
226	the open mode (read, write, read/write) must correspond with how the
227	underlying file descriptor was opened.
228
229	In many cases, taking over the file descriptor is now what you want, in
230	which case the only alternative is to dup the file descriptor:
231
232	open my $fh, "<&$fileno" or die "xxx: $!";
233
234	This has the advantage of not closing the file descriptor and the
235	disadvantage of making a slow copy.
236
237	=head2 TIME WATCHERS	228	=head2 TIME WATCHERS
		229
		230	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => <seconds>, cb => <callback>);
		231
		232	$w = AnyEvent->timer (
		233	after => <fractional_seconds>,
		234	interval => <fractional_seconds>,
		235	cb => <callback>,
		236	);
238		237
239	You can create a time watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->timer >>	238	You can create a time watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->timer >>
240	method with the following mandatory arguments:	239	method with the following mandatory arguments:
241		240
242	C<after> specifies after how many seconds (fractional values are	241	C<after> specifies after how many seconds (fractional values are
…		…
370		369
371	=back	370	=back
372		371
373	=head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS	372	=head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS
374		373
		374	$w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => <uppercase_signal_name>, cb => <callback>);
		375
375	You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal	376	You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal
376	I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl	377	I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl
377	callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs.	378	callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs.
378		379
379	Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and	380	Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and
…		…
384	invocation, and callback invocation will be synchronous. Synchronous means	385	invocation, and callback invocation will be synchronous. Synchronous means
385	that it might take a while until the signal gets handled by the process,	386	that it might take a while until the signal gets handled by the process,
386	but it is guaranteed not to interrupt any other callbacks.	387	but it is guaranteed not to interrupt any other callbacks.
387		388
388	The main advantage of using these watchers is that you can share a signal	389	The main advantage of using these watchers is that you can share a signal
389	between multiple watchers.	390	between multiple watchers, and AnyEvent will ensure that signals will not
		391	interrupt your program at bad times.
390		392
391	This watcher might use C<%SIG>, so programs overwriting those signals	393	This watcher might use C<%SIG> (depending on the event loop used),
392	directly will likely not work correctly.	394	so programs overwriting those signals directly will likely not work
		395	correctly.
393		396
394	Example: exit on SIGINT	397	Example: exit on SIGINT
395		398
396	my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 });	399	my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 });
397		400
		401	=head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds
		402
		403	Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support attaching
		404	callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot do
		405	race-free signal handling in perl. AnyEvent will try to do it's best, but
		406	in some cases, signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might
		407	be delayed is specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10
		408	seconds). This variable can be changed only before the first signal
		409	watcher is created, and should be left alone otherwise. Higher values
		410	will cause fewer spurious wake-ups, which is better for power and CPU
		411	saving. All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional
		412	L<Async::Interrupt> module. This will not work with inherently broken
		413	event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib> (and not with L<POE>
		414	currently, as POE does it's own workaround with one-second latency). With
		415	those, you just have to suffer the delays.
		416
398	=head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS	417	=head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS
399		418
		419	$w = AnyEvent->child (pid => <process id>, cb => <callback>);
		420
400	You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status.	421	You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status.
401		422
402	The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (if set to C<0>, it	423	The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (one some backends,
403	watches for any child process exit). The watcher will triggered only when	424	using C<0> watches for any child process exit, on others this will
404	the child process has finished and an exit status is available, not on	425	croak). The watcher will be triggered only when the child process has
405	any trace events (stopped/continued).	426	finished and an exit status is available, not on any trace events
		427	(stopped/continued).
406		428
407	The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by	429	The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by
408	waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher	430	waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher
409	callback arguments.	431	callback arguments.
410		432
…		…
426		448
427	This means you cannot create a child watcher as the very first	449	This means you cannot create a child watcher as the very first
428	thing in an AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one	450	thing in an AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one
429	watcher before you C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call	451	watcher before you C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call
430	C<AnyEvent::detect>).	452	C<AnyEvent::detect>).
		453
		454	As most event loops do not support waiting for child events, they will be
		455	emulated by AnyEvent in most cases, in which the latency and race problems
		456	mentioned in the description of signal watchers apply.
431		457
432	Example: fork a process and wait for it	458	Example: fork a process and wait for it
433		459
434	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;	460	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;
435		461
…		…
447	# do something else, then wait for process exit	473	# do something else, then wait for process exit
448	$done->recv;	474	$done->recv;
449		475
450	=head2 IDLE WATCHERS	476	=head2 IDLE WATCHERS
451		477
		478	$w = AnyEvent->idle (cb => <callback>);
		479
452	Sometimes there is a need to do something, but it is not so important	480	Sometimes there is a need to do something, but it is not so important
453	to do it instantly, but only when there is nothing better to do. This	481	to do it instantly, but only when there is nothing better to do. This
454	"nothing better to do" is usually defined to be "no other events need	482	"nothing better to do" is usually defined to be "no other events need
455	attention by the event loop".	483	attention by the event loop".
456		484
…		…
482	});	510	});
483	});	511	});
484		512
485	=head2 CONDITION VARIABLES	513	=head2 CONDITION VARIABLES
486		514
		515	$cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
		516
		517	$cv->send (<list>);
		518	my @res = $cv->recv;
		519
487	If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them	520	If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them
488	require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that	521	require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that
489	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.	522	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.
490		523
491	AnyEvent is different, it expects somebody else to run the event loop and	524	AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event
492	will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user).	525	loop and will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user).
493		526
494	The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called	527	The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called
495	because they represent a condition that must become true.	528	because they represent a condition that must become true.
496		529
		530	Now is probably a good time to look at the examples further below.
		531
497	Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar	532	Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar
498	>> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is	533	>> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is
499
500	C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable	534	C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable
501	becomes true, with the condition variable as the first argument (but not	535	becomes true, with the condition variable as the first argument (but not
502	the results).	536	the results).
503		537
504	After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true"	538	After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true"
…		…
509	Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can	543	Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can
510	optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points	544	optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points
511	in time where multiple outstanding events have been processed. And yet	545	in time where multiple outstanding events have been processed. And yet
512	another way to call them is transactions - each condition variable can be	546	another way to call them is transactions - each condition variable can be
513	used to represent a transaction, which finishes at some point and delivers	547	used to represent a transaction, which finishes at some point and delivers
514	a result.	548	a result. And yet some people know them as "futures" - a promise to
		549	compute/deliver something that you can wait for.
515		550
516	Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished,	551	Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished,
517	for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests,	552	for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests,
518	then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the	553	then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the
519	availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is	554	availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is
…		…
553	after => 1,	588	after => 1,
554	cb => sub { $result_ready->send },	589	cb => sub { $result_ready->send },
555	);	590	);
556		591
557	# this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback	592	# this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback
558	# calls send	593	# calls -<send
559	$result_ready->recv;	594	$result_ready->recv;
560		595
561	Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that	596	Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition
562	condition variables are also code references.	597	variables are also callable directly.
563		598
564	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;	599	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;
565	my $delay = AnyEvent->timer (after => 5, cb => $done);	600	my $delay = AnyEvent->timer (after => 5, cb => $done);
566	$done->recv;	601	$done->recv;
567		602
…		…
573		608
574	...	609	...
575		610
576	my @info = $couchdb->info->recv;	611	my @info = $couchdb->info->recv;
577		612
578	And this is how you would just ste a callback to be called whenever the	613	And this is how you would just set a callback to be called whenever the
579	results are available:	614	results are available:
580		615
581	$couchdb->info->cb (sub {	616	$couchdb->info->cb (sub {
582	my @info = $_[0]->recv;	617	my @info = $_[0]->recv;
583	});	618	});
…		…
601	immediately from within send.	636	immediately from within send.
602		637
603	Any arguments passed to the C<send> call will be returned by all	638	Any arguments passed to the C<send> call will be returned by all
604	future C<< ->recv >> calls.	639	future C<< ->recv >> calls.
605		640
606	Condition variables are overloaded so one can call them directly	641	Condition variables are overloaded so one can call them directly (as if
607	(as a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling	642	they were a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling
608	C<send>. Note, however, that many C-based event loops do not handle	643	C<send>.
609	overloading, so as tempting as it may be, passing a condition variable
610	instead of a callback does not work. Both the pure perl and EV loops
611	support overloading, however, as well as all functions that use perl to
612	invoke a callback (as in L<AnyEvent::Socket> and L<AnyEvent::DNS> for
613	example).
614		644
615	=item $cv->croak ($error)	645	=item $cv->croak ($error)
616		646
617	Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke	647	Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke
618	C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar.	648	C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar.
619		649
620	This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable	650	This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable
621	user/consumer.	651	user/consumer. Doing it this way instead of calling C<croak> directly
		652	delays the error detetcion, but has the overwhelmign advantage that it
		653	diagnoses the error at the place where the result is expected, and not
		654	deep in some event clalback without connection to the actual code causing
		655	the problem.
622		656
623	=item $cv->begin ([group callback])	657	=item $cv->begin ([group callback])
624		658
625	=item $cv->end	659	=item $cv->end
626		660
…		…
722	function will call C<croak>.	756	function will call C<croak>.
723		757
724	In list context, all parameters passed to C<send> will be returned,	758	In list context, all parameters passed to C<send> will be returned,
725	in scalar context only the first one will be returned.	759	in scalar context only the first one will be returned.
726		760
		761	Note that doing a blocking wait in a callback is not supported by any
		762	event loop, that is, recursive invocation of a blocking C<< ->recv
		763	>> is not allowed, and the C<recv> call will C<croak> if such a
		764	condition is detected. This condition can be slightly loosened by using
		765	L<Coro::AnyEvent>, which allows you to do a blocking C<< ->recv >> from
		766	any thread that doesn't run the event loop itself.
		767
727	Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case	768	Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case
728	(programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are	769	(programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are
729	using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>, but let the	770	using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>. Instead, let the
730	caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling	771	caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling
731	condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting	772	condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting
732	callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block,	773	callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block,
733	while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires).	774	while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires).
734		775
735	Another reason I<never> to C<< ->recv >> in a module is that you cannot
736	sensibly have two C<< ->recv >>'s in parallel, as that would require
737	multiple interpreters or coroutines/threads, none of which C<AnyEvent>
738	can supply.
739
740	The L<Coro> module, however, I<can> and I<does> supply coroutines and, in
741	fact, L<Coro::AnyEvent> replaces AnyEvent's condvars by coroutine-safe
742	versions and also integrates coroutines into AnyEvent, making blocking
743	C<< ->recv >> calls perfectly safe as long as they are done from another
744	coroutine (one that doesn't run the event loop).
745
746	You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and	776	You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and
747	only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later	777	only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later
748	time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking	778	time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking
749	waits otherwise.	779	waits otherwise.
750		780
…		…
763	variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time	793	variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time
764	is guaranteed not to block.	794	is guaranteed not to block.
765		795
766	=back	796	=back
767		797
		798	=head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS
		799
		800	The available backend classes are (every class has its own manpage):
		801
		802	=over 4
		803
		804	=item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found.
		805
		806	EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in
		807	use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will try Event, and, failing
		808	that, will fall back to its own pure-perl implementation, which is
		809	available everywhere as it comes with AnyEvent itself.
		810
		811	AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice).
		812	AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches.
		813	AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable.
		814
		815	=item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used.
		816
		817	These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher
		818	is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using
		819	them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend
		820	when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to
		821	create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program.
		822
		823	AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable.
		824	AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken.
		825	AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.
		826	AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations.
		827	AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi used when running within irssi.
		828
		829	=item Backends with special needs.
		830
		831	Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will
		832	otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program
		833	instantiates the application before any AnyEvent watchers are created,
		834	everything should just work.
		835
		836	AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt.
		837
		838	Support for IO::Async can only be partial, as it is too broken and
		839	architecturally limited to even support the AnyEvent API. It also
		840	is the only event loop that needs the loop to be set explicitly, so
		841	it can only be used by a main program knowing about AnyEvent. See
		842	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Async> for the gory details.
		843
		844	AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync based on IO::Async, cannot be autoprobed.
		845
		846	=item Event loops that are indirectly supported via other backends.
		847
		848	Some event loops can be supported via other modules:
		849
		850	There is no direct support for WxWidgets (L<Wx>) or L<Prima>.
		851
		852	B<WxWidgets> has no support for watching file handles. However, you can
		853	use WxWidgets through the POE adaptor, as POE has a Wx backend that simply
		854	polls 20 times per second, which was considered to be too horrible to even
		855	consider for AnyEvent.
		856
		857	B<Prima> is not supported as nobody seems to be using it, but it has a POE
		858	backend, so it can be supported through POE.
		859
		860	AnyEvent knows about both L<Prima> and L<Wx>, however, and will try to
		861	load L<POE> when detecting them, in the hope that POE will pick them up,
		862	in which case everything will be automatic.
		863
		864	=back
		865
768	=head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS	866	=head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS
769		867
		868	These are not normally required to use AnyEvent, but can be useful to
		869	write AnyEvent extension modules.
		870
770	=over 4	871	=over 4
771		872
772	=item $AnyEvent::MODEL	873	=item $AnyEvent::MODEL
773		874
774	Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created. Then it	875	Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created, before the
		876	backend has been autodetected.
		877
775	contains the event model that is being used, which is the name of the	878	Afterwards it contains the event model that is being used, which is the
776	Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one of the	879	name of the Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one
777	C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the case	880	of the C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the
778	AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode>).	881	case AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode> it
779		882	will be C<urxvt::anyevent>).
780	The known classes so far are:
781
782	AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (an interface to libev, best choice).
783	AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, second best choice.
784	AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable.
785	AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, third-best choice.
786	AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very bad choice.
787	AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt, cannot be autoprobed (see its docs).
788	AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.
789	AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, not generic enough for full support.
790
791	# warning, support for IO::Async is only partial, as it is too broken
792	# and limited toe ven support the AnyEvent API. See AnyEvent::Impl::Async.
793	AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync based on IO::Async, cannot be autoprobed (see its docs).
794
795	There is no support for WxWidgets, as WxWidgets has no support for
796	watching file handles. However, you can use WxWidgets through the
797	POE Adaptor, as POE has a Wx backend that simply polls 20 times per
798	second, which was considered to be too horrible to even consider for
799	AnyEvent. Likewise, other POE backends can be used by AnyEvent by using
800	it's adaptor.
801
802	AnyEvent knows about L<Prima> and L<Wx> and will try to use L<POE> when
803	autodetecting them.
804		883
805	=item AnyEvent::detect	884	=item AnyEvent::detect
806		885
807	Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model	886	Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model
808	if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would	887	if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would
809	have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at	888	have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at
810	runtime.	889	runtime, and not e.g. while initialising of your module.
		890
		891	If you need to do some initialisation before AnyEvent watchers are
		892	created, use C<post_detect>.
811		893
812	=item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }	894	=item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }
813		895
814	Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is	896	Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is
815	autodetected (or immediately if this has already happened).	897	autodetected (or immediately if this has already happened).
816		898
		899	The block will be executed I<after> the actual backend has been detected
		900	(C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> is set), but I<before> any watchers have been
		901	created, so it is possible to e.g. patch C<@AnyEvent::ISA> or do
		902	other initialisations - see the sources of L<AnyEvent::Strict> or
		903	L<AnyEvent::AIO> to see how this is used.
		904
		905	The most common usage is to create some global watchers, without forcing
		906	event module detection too early, for example, L<AnyEvent::AIO> creates
		907	and installs the global L<IO::AIO> watcher in a C<post_detect> block to
		908	avoid autodetecting the event module at load time.
		909
817	If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object	910	If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object
818	that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed. See	911	that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed (or
		912	C<undef> when the hook was immediately executed). See L<AnyEvent::AIO> for
819	L<Coro::BDB> for a case where this is useful.	913	a case where this is useful.
		914
		915	Example: Create a watcher for the IO::AIO module and store it in
		916	C<$WATCHER>. Only do so after the event loop is initialised, though.
		917
		918	our WATCHER;
		919
		920	my $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect {
		921	$WATCHER = AnyEvent->io (fh => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, poll => 'r', cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		922	};
		923
		924	# the \|\|= is important in case post_detect immediately runs the block,
		925	# as to not clobber the newly-created watcher. assigning both watcher and
		926	# post_detect guard to the same variable has the advantage of users being
		927	# able to just C<undef $WATCHER> if the watcher causes them grief.
		928
		929	$WATCHER \|\|= $guard;
820		930
821	=item @AnyEvent::post_detect	931	=item @AnyEvent::post_detect
822		932
823	If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it	933	If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it
824	before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after	934	before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after
825	the event loop has been chosen.	935	the event loop has been chosen.
826		936
827	You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though:	937	You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though:
828	if it contains a true value then the event loop has already been detected,	938	if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the
829	and the array will be ignored.	939	array will be ignored.
830		940
831	Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> instead.	941	Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> when your application allows
		942	it,as it takes care of these details.
		943
		944	This variable is mainly useful for modules that can do something useful
		945	when AnyEvent is used and thus want to know when it is initialised, but do
		946	not need to even load it by default. This array provides the means to hook
		947	into AnyEvent passively, without loading it.
832		948
833	=back	949	=back
834		950
835	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE	951	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE
836		952
…		…
891		1007
892		1008
893	=head1 OTHER MODULES	1009	=head1 OTHER MODULES
894		1010
895	The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use	1011	The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use
896	AnyEvent and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent modules	1012	AnyEvent as a client and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent
897	in the same program. Some of the modules come with AnyEvent, some are	1013	modules and other event loops in the same program. Some of the modules
898	available via CPAN.	1014	come with AnyEvent, most are available via CPAN.
899		1015
900	=over 4	1016	=over 4
901		1017
902	=item L<AnyEvent::Util>	1018	=item L<AnyEvent::Util>
903		1019
…		…
912		1028
913	=item L<AnyEvent::Handle>	1029	=item L<AnyEvent::Handle>
914		1030
915	Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes,	1031	Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes,
916	supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and	1032	supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and
917	non-blocking SSL/TLS.	1033	non-blocking SSL/TLS (via L<AnyEvent::TLS>.
918		1034
919	=item L<AnyEvent::DNS>	1035	=item L<AnyEvent::DNS>
920		1036
921	Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities.	1037	Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities.
922		1038
…		…
950		1066
951	=item L<AnyEvent::GPSD>	1067	=item L<AnyEvent::GPSD>
952		1068
953	A non-blocking interface to gpsd, a daemon delivering GPS information.	1069	A non-blocking interface to gpsd, a daemon delivering GPS information.
954		1070
		1071	=item L<AnyEvent::IRC>
		1072
		1073	AnyEvent based IRC client module family (replacing the older Net::IRC3).
		1074
		1075	=item L<AnyEvent::XMPP>
		1076
		1077	AnyEvent based XMPP (Jabber protocol) module family (replacing the older
		1078	Net::XMPP2>.
		1079
955	=item L<AnyEvent::IGS>	1080	=item L<AnyEvent::IGS>
956		1081
957	A non-blocking interface to the Internet Go Server protocol (used by	1082	A non-blocking interface to the Internet Go Server protocol (used by
958	L<App::IGS>).	1083	L<App::IGS>).
959		1084
960	=item L<AnyEvent::IRC>
961
962	AnyEvent based IRC client module family (replacing the older Net::IRC3).
963
964	=item L<Net::XMPP2>
965
966	AnyEvent based XMPP (Jabber protocol) module family.
967
968	=item L<Net::FCP>	1085	=item L<Net::FCP>
969		1086
970	AnyEvent-based implementation of the Freenet Client Protocol, birthplace	1087	AnyEvent-based implementation of the Freenet Client Protocol, birthplace
971	of AnyEvent.	1088	of AnyEvent.
972		1089
…		…
976		1093
977	=item L<Coro>	1094	=item L<Coro>
978		1095
979	Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>.	1096	Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>.
980		1097
981	=item L<IO::Lambda>
982
983	The lambda approach to I/O - don't ask, look there. Can use AnyEvent.
984
985	=back	1098	=back
986		1099
987	=cut	1100	=cut
988		1101
989	package AnyEvent;	1102	package AnyEvent;
990		1103
		1104	# basically a tuned-down version of common::sense
		1105	sub common_sense {
991	no warnings;	1106	# no warnings
		1107	${^WARNING_BITS} ^= ${^WARNING_BITS};
992	use strict qw(vars subs);	1108	# use strict vars subs
		1109	$^H \|= 0x00000600;
		1110	}
993		1111
		1112	BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		1113
994	use Carp;	1114	use Carp ();
995		1115
996	our $VERSION = 4.8;	1116	our $VERSION = 4.881;
997	our $MODEL;	1117	our $MODEL;
998		1118
999	our $AUTOLOAD;	1119	our $AUTOLOAD;
1000	our @ISA;	1120	our @ISA;
1001		1121
1002	our @REGISTRY;	1122	our @REGISTRY;
1003		1123
1004	our $WIN32;	1124	our $WIN32;
		1125
		1126	our $VERBOSE;
1005		1127
1006	BEGIN {	1128	BEGIN {
1007	eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }";	1129	eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }";
1008	eval "sub TAINT(){ " . (${^TAINT}*1) . " }";	1130	eval "sub TAINT(){ " . (${^TAINT}*1) . " }";
1009		1131
1010	delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV}	1132	delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV}
1011	if ${^TAINT};	1133	if ${^TAINT};
1012	}
1013		1134
1014	our $verbose = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1;	1135	$VERBOSE = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1;
		1136
		1137	}
		1138
		1139	our $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY = 10;
1015		1140
1016	our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4\|ipv6) => (1\|2), higher numbers are preferred	1141	our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4\|ipv6) => (1\|2), higher numbers are preferred
1017		1142
1018	{	1143	{
1019	my $idx;	1144	my $idx;
…		…
1021	for reverse split /\s,\s/,	1146	for reverse split /\s,\s/,
1022	$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} \|\| "ipv4,ipv6";	1147	$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} \|\| "ipv4,ipv6";
1023	}	1148	}
1024		1149
1025	my @models = (	1150	my @models = (
1026	[EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV::],	1151	[EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV:: , 1],
1027	[Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::],	1152	[Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::, 1],
1028	[AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::],	1153	[AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: , 1],
1029	# everything below here will not be autoprobed	1154	# everything below here will not (normally) be autoprobed
1030	# as the pureperl backend should work everywhere	1155	# as the pureperl backend should work everywhere
1031	# and is usually faster	1156	# and is usually faster
		1157	[Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib:: , 1], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers
		1158	[Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy
		1159	[Irssi:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi::], # Irssi has a bogus "Event" package
1032	[Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles	1160	[Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles
1033	[Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers
1034	[Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy
1035	[Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program	1161	[Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program
1036	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza	1162	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza
1037	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],	1163	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
1038	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],	1164	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
1039	# IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workaorunds for its	1165	# IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its
1040	# byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others.	1166	# byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others.
1041	# IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any	1167	# IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any
1042	# obvious default class.	1168	# obvious default class.
1043	# [IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1169	# [0, IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1044	# [IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1170	# [0, IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1045	# [IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1171	# [0, IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1046	);	1172	);
1047		1173
1048	our %method = map +($_ => 1),	1174	our %method = map +($_ => 1),
1049	qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY);	1175	qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY);
1050		1176
…		…
1054	my ($cb) = @_;	1180	my ($cb) = @_;
1055		1181
1056	if ($MODEL) {	1182	if ($MODEL) {
1057	$cb->();	1183	$cb->();
1058		1184
1059	1	1185	undef
1060	} else {	1186	} else {
1061	push @post_detect, $cb;	1187	push @post_detect, $cb;
1062		1188
1063	defined wantarray	1189	defined wantarray
1064	? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect"	1190	? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect"
…		…
1070	@post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect;	1196	@post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect;
1071	}	1197	}
1072		1198
1073	sub detect() {	1199	sub detect() {
1074	unless ($MODEL) {	1200	unless ($MODEL) {
1075	no strict 'refs';
1076	local $SIG{__DIE__};	1201	local $SIG{__DIE__};
1077		1202
1078	if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) {	1203	if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) {
1079	my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1";	1204	my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1";
1080	if (eval "require $model") {	1205	if (eval "require $model") {
1081	$MODEL = $model;	1206	$MODEL = $model;
1082	warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL), using it.\n" if $verbose > 1;	1207	warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}), using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1083	} else {	1208	} else {
1084	warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL):\n$@" if $verbose;	1209	warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}):\n$@" if $VERBOSE;
1085	}	1210	}
1086	}	1211	}
1087		1212
1088	# check for already loaded models	1213	# check for already loaded models
1089	unless ($MODEL) {	1214	unless ($MODEL) {
1090	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {	1215	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1091	my ($package, $model) = @$_;	1216	my ($package, $model) = @$_;
1092	if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) {	1217	if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) {
1093	if (eval "require $model") {	1218	if (eval "require $model") {
1094	$MODEL = $model;	1219	$MODEL = $model;
1095	warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $verbose > 1;	1220	warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1096	last;	1221	last;
1097	}	1222	}
1098	}	1223	}
1099	}	1224	}
1100		1225
1101	unless ($MODEL) {	1226	unless ($MODEL) {
1102	# try to load a model	1227	# try to autoload a model
1103
1104	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {	1228	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1105	my ($package, $model) = @$_;	1229	my ($package, $model, $autoload) = @$_;
		1230	if (
		1231	$autoload
1106	if (eval "require $package"	1232	and eval "require $package"
1107	and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0	1233	and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0
1108	and eval "require $model") {	1234	and eval "require $model"
		1235	) {
1109	$MODEL = $model;	1236	$MODEL = $model;
1110	warn "AnyEvent: autoprobed model '$model', using it.\n" if $verbose > 1;	1237	warn "AnyEvent: autoloaded model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1111	last;	1238	last;
1112	}	1239	}
1113	}	1240	}
1114		1241
1115	$MODEL	1242	$MODEL
…		…
1131		1258
1132	sub AUTOLOAD {	1259	sub AUTOLOAD {
1133	(my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://;	1260	(my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://;
1134		1261
1135	$method{$func}	1262	$method{$func}
1136	or croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects";	1263	or Carp::croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects";
1137		1264
1138	detect unless $MODEL;	1265	detect unless $MODEL;
1139		1266
1140	my $class = shift;	1267	my $class = shift;
1141	$class->$func (@_);	1268	$class->$func (@_);
…		…
1146	# allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one).	1273	# allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one).
1147	sub _dupfh($$;$$) {	1274	sub _dupfh($$;$$) {
1148	my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_;	1275	my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_;
1149		1276
1150	# cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't	1277	# cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't
1151	my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<")	1278	my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<&") : ($w, ">&");
1152	: $poll eq "w" ? ($w, ">")
1153	: Carp::croak "AnyEvent->io requires poll set to either 'r' or 'w'";
1154		1279
1155	open my $fh2, "$mode&" . fileno $fh	1280	open my $fh2, $mode, $fh
1156	or die "cannot dup() filehandle: $!,";	1281	or die "AnyEvent->io: cannot dup() filehandle in mode '$poll': $!,";
1157		1282
1158	# we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases	1283	# we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases
1159		1284
1160	($fh2, $rw)	1285	($fh2, $rw)
1161	}	1286	}
1162		1287
1163	package AnyEvent::Base;	1288	package AnyEvent::Base;
1164		1289
1165	# default implementations for many methods	1290	# default implementations for many methods
1166		1291
1167	BEGIN {	1292	sub _time {
		1293	# probe for availability of Time::HiRes
1168	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {	1294	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {
		1295	warn "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1169	*_time = \&Time::HiRes::time;	1296	*_time = \&Time::HiRes::time;
1170	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...	1297	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...
1171	} else {	1298	} else {
		1299	warn "AnyEvent: using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!\n" if $VERBOSE;
1172	*_time = sub { time }; # epic fail	1300	*_time = sub { time }; # epic fail
1173	}	1301	}
		1302
		1303	&_time
1174	}	1304	}
1175		1305
1176	sub time { _time }	1306	sub time { _time }
1177	sub now { _time }	1307	sub now { _time }
1178	sub now_update { }	1308	sub now_update { }
…		…
1183	bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"	1313	bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"
1184	}	1314	}
1185		1315
1186	# default implementation for ->signal	1316	# default implementation for ->signal
1187		1317
		1318	our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;
		1319
		1320	sub _have_async_interrupt() {
		1321	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT = 1*(!$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT}
		1322	&& eval "use Async::Interrupt 1.0 (); 1")
		1323	unless defined $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;
		1324
		1325	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1326	}
		1327
1188	our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO);	1328	our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO);
		1329	our (%SIG_ASY, %SIG_ASY_W);
		1330	our ($SIG_COUNT, $SIG_TW);
1189		1331
1190	sub _signal_exec {	1332	sub _signal_exec {
		1333	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1334	? $SIGPIPE_R->drain
1191	sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 4;	1335	: sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 9;
1192		1336
1193	while (%SIG_EV) {	1337	while (%SIG_EV) {
1194	for (keys %SIG_EV) {	1338	for (keys %SIG_EV) {
1195	delete $SIG_EV{$_};	1339	delete $SIG_EV{$_};
1196	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} \|\| {} };	1340	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} \|\| {} };
1197	}	1341	}
1198	}	1342	}
1199	}	1343	}
1200		1344
		1345	# install a dummy wakeup watcher to reduce signal catching latency
		1346	sub _sig_add() {
		1347	unless ($SIG_COUNT++) {
		1348	# try to align timer on a full-second boundary, if possible
		1349	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;
		1350
		1351	$SIG_TW = AnyEvent->timer (
		1352	after => $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY - ($NOW - int $NOW),
		1353	interval => $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY,
		1354	cb => sub { }, # just for the PERL_ASYNC_CHECK
		1355	);
		1356	}
		1357	}
		1358
		1359	sub _sig_del {
		1360	undef $SIG_TW
		1361	unless --$SIG_COUNT;
		1362	}
		1363
		1364	our $_sig_name_init; $_sig_name_init = sub {
		1365	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading
		1366	undef $_sig_name_init;
		1367
		1368	if (_have_async_interrupt) {
		1369	*sig2num = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2num;
		1370	*sig2name = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2name;
		1371	} else {
		1372	require Config;
		1373
		1374	my %signame2num;
		1375	@signame2num{ split ' ', $Config::Config{sig_name} }
		1376	= split ' ', $Config::Config{sig_num};
		1377
		1378	my @signum2name;
		1379	@signum2name[values %signame2num] = keys %signame2num;
		1380
		1381	*sig2num = sub($) {
		1382	$_[0] > 0 ? shift : $signame2num{+shift}
		1383	};
		1384	*sig2name = sub ($) {
		1385	$_[0] > 0 ? $signum2name[+shift] : shift
		1386	};
		1387	}
		1388	};
		1389	die if $@;
		1390	};
		1391
		1392	sub sig2num ($) { &$_sig_name_init; &sig2num }
		1393	sub sig2name($) { &$_sig_name_init; &sig2name }
		1394
1201	sub signal {	1395	sub signal {
1202	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1396	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
		1397	# probe for availability of Async::Interrupt
		1398	if (_have_async_interrupt) {
		1399	warn "AnyEvent: using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1203		1400
1204	unless ($SIGPIPE_R) {	1401	$SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe;
1205	require Fcntl;	1402	$SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec);
1206		1403
1207	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {
1208	require AnyEvent::Util;
1209
1210	($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe ();
1211	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R) if $SIGPIPE_R;
1212	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
1213	} else {	1404	} else {
		1405	warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
		1406
		1407	require Fcntl;
		1408
		1409	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {
		1410	require AnyEvent::Util;
		1411
		1412	($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe ();
		1413	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R, 1) if $SIGPIPE_R;
		1414	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W, 1) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
		1415	} else {
1214	pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W;	1416	pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W;
1215	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R;	1417	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R;
1216	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case	1418	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
1217		1419
1218	# not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure...	1420	# not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure...
1219	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;	1421	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
1220	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;	1422	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
		1423	}
		1424
		1425	$SIGPIPE_R
		1426	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";
		1427
		1428	$SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec);
1221	}	1429	}
1222		1430
1223	$SIGPIPE_R	1431	*signal = sub {
1224	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";	1432	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
1225		1433
1226	$SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec);
1227	}
1228
1229	my $signal = uc $arg{signal}	1434	my $signal = uc $arg{signal}
1230	or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing";	1435	or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing";
1231		1436
		1437	if ($HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT) {
		1438	# async::interrupt
		1439
		1440	$signal = sig2num $signal;
1232	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};	1441	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
		1442
		1443	$SIG_ASY{$signal} \|\|= new Async::Interrupt
		1444	cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} },
		1445	signal => $signal,
		1446	pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos],
		1447	pipe_autodrain => 0,
		1448	;
		1449
		1450	} else {
		1451	# pure perl
		1452
		1453	# AE::Util has been loaded in signal
		1454	$signal = sig2name $signal;
		1455	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
		1456
1233	$SIG{$signal} \|\|= sub {	1457	$SIG{$signal} \|\|= sub {
1234	local $!;	1458	local $!;
1235	syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV;	1459	syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV;
1236	undef $SIG_EV{$signal};	1460	undef $SIG_EV{$signal};
		1461	};
		1462
		1463	# can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl,
		1464	# so limit the signal latency.
		1465	_sig_add;
		1466	}
		1467
		1468	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"
		1469	};
		1470
		1471	*AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY = sub {
		1472	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
		1473
		1474	_sig_del;
		1475
		1476	delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};
		1477
		1478	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1479	? delete $SIG_ASY{$signal}
		1480	: # delete doesn't work with older perls - they then
		1481	# print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit
		1482	# instead of getting the default action.
		1483	undef $SIG{$signal}
		1484	unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };
		1485	};
1237	};	1486	};
1238		1487	die if $@;
1239	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"	1488	&signal
1240	}
1241
1242	sub AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY {
1243	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
1244
1245	delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};
1246
1247	# delete doesn't work with older perls - they then
1248	# print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit
1249	# instead of getting the default action.
1250	undef $SIG{$signal} unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };
1251	}	1489	}
1252		1490
1253	# default implementation for ->child	1491	# default implementation for ->child
1254		1492
1255	our %PID_CB;	1493	our %PID_CB;
1256	our $CHLD_W;	1494	our $CHLD_W;
1257	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;	1495	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;
1258	our $WNOHANG;	1496	our $WNOHANG;
1259		1497
		1498	sub _emit_childstatus($$) {
		1499	my (undef, $rpid, $rstatus) = @_;
		1500
		1501	$_->($rpid, $rstatus)
		1502	for values %{ $PID_CB{$rpid} \|\| {} },
		1503	values %{ $PID_CB{0} \|\| {} };
		1504	}
		1505
1260	sub _sigchld {	1506	sub _sigchld {
		1507	my $pid;
		1508
		1509	AnyEvent->_emit_childstatus ($pid, $?)
1261	while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) {	1510	while ($pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG) > 0;
1262	$_->($pid, $?) for (values %{ $PID_CB{$pid} \|\| {} }),
1263	(values %{ $PID_CB{0} \|\| {} });
1264	}
1265	}	1511	}
1266		1512
1267	sub child {	1513	sub child {
1268	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1514	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
1269		1515
1270	defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0)	1516	defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0)
1271	or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing";	1517	or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing";
1272		1518
1273	$PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};	1519	$PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
1274		1520
		1521	# WNOHANG is almost cetrainly 1 everywhere
		1522	$WNOHANG \|\|= $^O =~ /^(?:openbsd\|netbsd\|linux\|freebsd\|cygwin\|MSWin32)$/
		1523	? 1
1275	$WNOHANG \|\|= eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } \|\| 1;	1524	: eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } \|\| 1;
1276		1525
1277	unless ($CHLD_W) {	1526	unless ($CHLD_W) {
1278	$CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld);	1527	$CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld);
1279	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round	1528	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round
1280	&_sigchld;	1529	&_sigchld;
…		…
1332		1581
1333	our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::;	1582	our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::;
1334		1583
1335	package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base;	1584	package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base;
1336		1585
1337	use overload	1586	#use overload
1338	'&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } },	1587	# '&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } },
1339	fallback => 1;	1588	# fallback => 1;
		1589
		1590	# save 300+ kilobytes by dirtily hardcoding overloading
		1591	${"AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::OVERLOAD"}{dummy}++; # Register with magic by touching.
		1592	*{'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::()'} = sub { }; # "Make it findable via fetchmethod."
		1593	*{'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::(&{}'} = sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } }; # &{}
		1594	${'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::()'} = 1; # fallback
		1595
		1596	our $WAITING;
1340		1597
1341	sub _send {	1598	sub _send {
1342	# nop	1599	# nop
1343	}	1600	}
1344		1601
…		…
1357	sub ready {	1614	sub ready {
1358	$_[0]{_ae_sent}	1615	$_[0]{_ae_sent}
1359	}	1616	}
1360		1617
1361	sub _wait {	1618	sub _wait {
		1619	$WAITING
		1620	and !$_[0]{_ae_sent}
		1621	and Carp::croak "AnyEvent::CondVar: recursive blocking wait detected";
		1622
		1623	local $WAITING = 1;
1362	AnyEvent->one_event while !$_[0]{_ae_sent};	1624	AnyEvent->one_event while !$_[0]{_ae_sent};
1363	}	1625	}
1364		1626
1365	sub recv {	1627	sub recv {
1366	$_[0]->_wait;	1628	$_[0]->_wait;
…		…
1385	}	1647	}
1386		1648
1387	# undocumented/compatibility with pre-3.4	1649	# undocumented/compatibility with pre-3.4
1388	*broadcast = \&send;	1650	*broadcast = \&send;
1389	*wait = \&_wait;	1651	*wait = \&_wait;
		1652
		1653	#############################################################################
		1654	# "new" API, currently only emulation of it
		1655	#############################################################################
		1656
		1657	package AE;
		1658
		1659	sub io($$$) {
		1660	AnyEvent->io (fh => $_[0], poll => $_[1] ? "w" : "r", cb => $_[2])
		1661	}
		1662
		1663	sub timer($$$) {
		1664	AnyEvent->timer (after => $_[0], interval => $_[1], cb => $_[2]);
		1665	}
		1666
		1667	sub signal($$) {
		1668	AnyEvent->signal (signal => $_[0], cb => $_[1]);
		1669	}
		1670
		1671	sub child($$) {
		1672	AnyEvent->child (pid => $_[0], cb => $_[1]);
		1673	}
		1674
		1675	sub idle($) {
		1676	AnyEvent->idle (cb => $_[0]);
		1677	}
		1678
		1679	sub cv() {
		1680	AnyEvent->condvar
		1681	}
		1682
		1683	sub now() {
		1684	AnyEvent->now
		1685	}
		1686
		1687	sub now_update() {
		1688	AnyEvent->now_update
		1689	}
		1690
		1691	sub time() {
		1692	AnyEvent->time
		1693	}
1390		1694
1391	=head1 ERROR AND EXCEPTION HANDLING	1695	=head1 ERROR AND EXCEPTION HANDLING
1392		1696
1393	In general, AnyEvent does not do any error handling - it relies on the	1697	In general, AnyEvent does not do any error handling - it relies on the
1394	caller to do that if required. The L<AnyEvent::Strict> module (see also	1698	caller to do that if required. The L<AnyEvent::Strict> module (see also
…		…
1428	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>.	1732	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>.
1429		1733
1430	When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event	1734	When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event
1431	model it chooses.	1735	model it chooses.
1432		1736
		1737	When set to C<8> or higher, then AnyEvent will report extra information on
		1738	which optional modules it loads and how it implements certain features.
		1739
1433	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT>	1740	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT>
1434		1741
1435	AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough	1742	AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough
1436	argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value	1743	argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value
1437	will cause AnyEvent to load C<AnyEvent::Strict> and then to thoroughly	1744	will cause AnyEvent to load C<AnyEvent::Strict> and then to thoroughly
1438	check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems,	1745	check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems,
1439	it will croak.	1746	it will croak.
1440		1747
1441	In other words, enables "strict" mode.	1748	In other words, enables "strict" mode.
1442		1749
1443	Unlike C<use strict>, it is definitely recommended to keep it off in	1750	Unlike C<use strict> (or it's modern cousin, C<< use L<common::sense>
1444	production. Keeping C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while	1751	>>, it is definitely recommended to keep it off in production. Keeping
1445	developing programs can be very useful, however.	1752	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while developing programs
		1753	can be very useful, however.
1446		1754
1447	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>	1755	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>
1448		1756
1449	This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before	1757	This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before
1450	auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting	1758	auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting
…		…
1512		1820
1513	When neither C<ca_file> nor C<ca_path> was specified during	1821	When neither C<ca_file> nor C<ca_path> was specified during
1514	L<AnyEvent::TLS> context creation, and either of these environment	1822	L<AnyEvent::TLS> context creation, and either of these environment
1515	variables exist, they will be used to specify CA certificate locations	1823	variables exist, they will be used to specify CA certificate locations
1516	instead of a system-dependent default.	1824	instead of a system-dependent default.
		1825
		1826	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_GUARD> and C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT>
		1827
		1828	When these are set to C<1>, then the respective modules are not
		1829	loaded. Mostly good for testing AnyEvent itself.
1517		1830
1518	=back	1831	=back
1519		1832
1520	=head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE	1833	=head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE
1521		1834
…		…
2060		2373
2061	A handler for C<SIGCHLD> is installed by AnyEvent's child watcher	2374	A handler for C<SIGCHLD> is installed by AnyEvent's child watcher
2062	emulation for event loops that do not support them natively. Also, some	2375	emulation for event loops that do not support them natively. Also, some
2063	event loops install a similar handler.	2376	event loops install a similar handler.
2064		2377
2065	If, when AnyEvent is loaded, SIGCHLD is set to IGNORE, then AnyEvent will	2378	Additionally, when AnyEvent is loaded and SIGCHLD is set to IGNORE, then
2066	reset it to default, to avoid losing child exit statuses.	2379	AnyEvent will reset it to default, to avoid losing child exit statuses.
2067		2380
2068	=item SIGPIPE	2381	=item SIGPIPE
2069		2382
2070	A no-op handler is installed for C<SIGPIPE> when C<$SIG{PIPE}> is C<undef>	2383	A no-op handler is installed for C<SIGPIPE> when C<$SIG{PIPE}> is C<undef>
2071	when AnyEvent gets loaded.	2384	when AnyEvent gets loaded.
…		…
2089	if $SIG{CHLD} eq 'IGNORE';	2402	if $SIG{CHLD} eq 'IGNORE';
2090		2403
2091	$SIG{PIPE} = sub { }	2404	$SIG{PIPE} = sub { }
2092	unless defined $SIG{PIPE};	2405	unless defined $SIG{PIPE};
2093		2406
		2407	=head1 RECOMMENDED/OPTIONAL MODULES
		2408
		2409	One of AnyEvent's main goals is to be 100% Pure-Perl(tm): only perl (and
		2410	it's built-in modules) are required to use it.
		2411
		2412	That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional
		2413	modules if they are installed.
		2414
		2415	This section epxlains which additional modules will be used, and how they
		2416	affect AnyEvent's operetion.
		2417
		2418	=over 4
		2419
		2420	=item L<Async::Interrupt>
		2421
		2422	This slightly arcane module is used to implement fast signal handling: To
		2423	my knowledge, there is no way to do completely race-free and quick
		2424	signal handling in pure perl. To ensure that signals still get
		2425	delivered, AnyEvent will start an interval timer to wake up perl (and
		2426	catch the signals) with some delay (default is 10 seconds, look for
		2427	C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>).
		2428
		2429	If this module is available, then it will be used to implement signal
		2430	catching, which means that signals will not be delayed, and the event loop
		2431	will not be interrupted regularly, which is more efficient (And good for
		2432	battery life on laptops).
		2433
		2434	This affects not just the pure-perl event loop, but also other event loops
		2435	that have no signal handling on their own (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt).
		2436
		2437	Some event loops (POE, Event, Event::Lib) offer signal watchers natively,
		2438	and either employ their own workarounds (POE) or use AnyEvent's workaround
		2439	(using C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>). Installing L<Async::Interrupt>
		2440	does nothing for those backends.
		2441
		2442	=item L<EV>
		2443
		2444	This module isn't really "optional", as it is simply one of the backend
		2445	event loops that AnyEvent can use. However, it is simply the best event
		2446	loop available in terms of features, speed and stability: It supports
		2447	the AnyEvent API optimally, implements all the watcher types in XS, does
		2448	automatic timer adjustments even when no monotonic clock is available,
		2449	can take avdantage of advanced kernel interfaces such as C<epoll> and
		2450	C<kqueue>, and is the fastest backend I<by far>. You can even embed
		2451	L<Glib>/L<Gtk2> in it (or vice versa, see L<EV::Glib> and L<Glib::EV>).
		2452
		2453	=item L<Guard>
		2454
		2455	The guard module, when used, will be used to implement
		2456	C<AnyEvent::Util::guard>. This speeds up guards considerably (and uses a
		2457	lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is
		2458	purely used for performance.
		2459
		2460	=item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS>
		2461
		2462	This module is required when you want to read or write JSON data via
		2463	L<AnyEvent::Handle>. It is also written in pure-perl, but can take
		2464	advantage of the ultra-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed.
		2465
		2466	In fact, L<AnyEvent::Handle> will use L<JSON::XS> by default if it is
		2467	installed.
		2468
		2469	=item L<Net::SSLeay>
		2470
		2471	Implementing TLS/SSL in Perl is certainly interesting, but not very
		2472	worthwhile: If this module is installed, then L<AnyEvent::Handle> (with
		2473	the help of L<AnyEvent::TLS>), gains the ability to do TLS/SSL.
		2474
		2475	=item L<Time::HiRes>
		2476
		2477	This module is part of perl since release 5.008. It will be used when the
		2478	chosen event library does not come with a timing source on it's own. The
		2479	pure-perl event loop (L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) will additionally use it to
		2480	try to use a monotonic clock for timing stability.
		2481
		2482	=back
		2483
		2484
2094	=head1 FORK	2485	=head1 FORK
2095		2486
2096	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are	2487	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are
2097	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll>	2488	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll>
2098	calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware.	2489	calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware.
2099		2490
2100	If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first	2491	If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first
2101	watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child.	2492	watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child OR you must do
		2493	something completely out of the scope of AnyEvent.
2102		2494
2103		2495
2104	=head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS	2496	=head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
2105		2497
2106	AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via	2498	AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via
…		…
2144	L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>.	2536	L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>.
2145		2537
2146	Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>,	2538	Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>,
2147	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>,	2539	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>,
2148	L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>,	2540	L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>,
2149	L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>.	2541	L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>, L<Anyevent::Impl::Irssi>.
2150		2542
2151	Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and	2543	Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and
2152	servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>.	2544	servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>.
2153		2545
2154	Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>.	2546	Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>.
2155		2547
2156	Coroutine support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>, L<Coro::Event>,	2548	Coroutine support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>,
		2549	L<Coro::Event>,
2157		2550
2158	Nontrivial usage examples: L<Net::FCP>, L<Net::XMPP2>, L<AnyEvent::DNS>.	2551	Nontrivial usage examples: L<AnyEvent::GPSD>, L<AnyEvent::XMPP>,
		2552	L<AnyEvent::HTTP>.
2159		2553
2160		2554
2161	=head1 AUTHOR	2555	=head1 AUTHOR
2162		2556
2163	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>	2557	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>

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Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents): Revision 1.228 by root, Wed Jul 8 01:11:12 2009 UTC vs. Revision 1.266 by root, Thu Jul 30 03:41:56 2009 UTC

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Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.228 by root, Wed Jul 8 01:11:12 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.266 by root, Thu Jul 30 03:41:56 2009 UTC