[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm

Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.228 by root, Wed Jul 8 01:11:12 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.273 by root, Thu Aug 6 13:45:04 2009 UTC

…		…
1	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
2		2
3	AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops	3	AnyEvent - the DBI of event loop programming
4		4
5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt and POE are various supported	5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Irssi, rxvt-unicode, IO::Async, Qt
6	event loops.	6	and POE are various supported event loops/environments.
7		7
8	=head1 SYNOPSIS	8	=head1 SYNOPSIS
9		9
10	use AnyEvent;	10	use AnyEvent;
11		11
40	=head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL	40	=head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL
41		41
42	This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested	42	This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested
43	in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the	43	in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the
44	L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage.	44	L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage.
		45
		46	=head1 SUPPORT
		47
		48	There is a mailinglist for discussing all things AnyEvent, and an IRC
		49	channel, too.
		50
		51	See the AnyEvent project page at the B<Schmorpforge Ta-Sa Software
		52	Repository>, at L<http://anyevent.schmorp.de>, for more info.
45		53
46	=head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT)	54	=head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT)
47		55
48	Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen	56	Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen
49	nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent?	57	nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent?
…		…
173	my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are	181	my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are
174	declared.	182	declared.
175		183
176	=head2 I/O WATCHERS	184	=head2 I/O WATCHERS
177		185
		186	$w = AnyEvent->io (
		187	fh => <filehandle_or_fileno>,
		188	poll => <"r" or "w">,
		189	cb => <callback>,
		190	);
		191
178	You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method	192	You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method
179	with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:	193	with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:
180		194
181	C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (I<not> file descriptor, see below) to	195	C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch
182	watch for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this	196	for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file
183	file handle). Note that only file handles pointing to things for which	197	handle). Note that only file handles pointing to things for which
184	non-blocking operation makes sense are allowed. This includes sockets,	198	non-blocking operation makes sense are allowed. This includes sockets,
185	most character devices, pipes, fifos and so on, but not for example files	199	most character devices, pipes, fifos and so on, but not for example files
186	or block devices.	200	or block devices.
187		201
188	C<poll> must be a string that is either C<r> or C<w>, which creates a	202	C<poll> must be a string that is either C<r> or C<w>, which creates a
…		…
209	chomp (my $input = <STDIN>);	223	chomp (my $input = <STDIN>);
210	warn "read: $input\n";	224	warn "read: $input\n";
211	undef $w;	225	undef $w;
212	});	226	});
213		227
214	=head3 GETTING A FILE HANDLE FROM A FILE DESCRIPTOR
215
216	It is not uncommon to only have a file descriptor, while AnyEvent requires
217	a Perl file handle.
218
219	There are basically two methods to convert a file descriptor into a file handle. If you own
220	the file descriptor, you can open it with C<&=>, as in:
221
222	open my $fh, "<&=$fileno" or die "xxx: §!";
223
224	This will "own" the file descriptor, meaning that when C<$fh> is
225	destroyed, it will automatically close the C<$fileno>. Also, note that
226	the open mode (read, write, read/write) must correspond with how the
227	underlying file descriptor was opened.
228
229	In many cases, taking over the file descriptor is now what you want, in
230	which case the only alternative is to dup the file descriptor:
231
232	open my $fh, "<&$fileno" or die "xxx: $!";
233
234	This has the advantage of not closing the file descriptor and the
235	disadvantage of making a slow copy.
236
237	=head2 TIME WATCHERS	228	=head2 TIME WATCHERS
		229
		230	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => <seconds>, cb => <callback>);
		231
		232	$w = AnyEvent->timer (
		233	after => <fractional_seconds>,
		234	interval => <fractional_seconds>,
		235	cb => <callback>,
		236	);
238		237
239	You can create a time watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->timer >>	238	You can create a time watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->timer >>
240	method with the following mandatory arguments:	239	method with the following mandatory arguments:
241		240
242	C<after> specifies after how many seconds (fractional values are	241	C<after> specifies after how many seconds (fractional values are
…		…
370		369
371	=back	370	=back
372		371
373	=head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS	372	=head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS
374		373
		374	$w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => <uppercase_signal_name>, cb => <callback>);
		375
375	You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal	376	You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal
376	I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl	377	I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl
377	callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs.	378	callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs.
378		379
379	Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and	380	Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and
…		…
384	invocation, and callback invocation will be synchronous. Synchronous means	385	invocation, and callback invocation will be synchronous. Synchronous means
385	that it might take a while until the signal gets handled by the process,	386	that it might take a while until the signal gets handled by the process,
386	but it is guaranteed not to interrupt any other callbacks.	387	but it is guaranteed not to interrupt any other callbacks.
387		388
388	The main advantage of using these watchers is that you can share a signal	389	The main advantage of using these watchers is that you can share a signal
389	between multiple watchers.	390	between multiple watchers, and AnyEvent will ensure that signals will not
		391	interrupt your program at bad times.
390		392
391	This watcher might use C<%SIG>, so programs overwriting those signals	393	This watcher might use C<%SIG> (depending on the event loop used),
392	directly will likely not work correctly.	394	so programs overwriting those signals directly will likely not work
		395	correctly.
393		396
394	Example: exit on SIGINT	397	Example: exit on SIGINT
395		398
396	my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 });	399	my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 });
397		400
		401	=head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds
		402
		403	Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support attaching
		404	callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot
		405	do race-free signal handling in perl, requiring C libraries for
		406	this. AnyEvent will try to do it's best, which means in some cases,
		407	signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might be delayed is
		408	specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10 seconds). This
		409	variable can be changed only before the first signal watcher is created,
		410	and should be left alone otherwise. This variable determines how often
		411	AnyEvent polls for signals (in case a wake-up was missed). Higher values
		412	will cause fewer spurious wake-ups, which is better for power and CPU
		413	saving.
		414
		415	All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional
		416	L<Async::Interrupt> module, which works with most event loops. It will not
		417	work with inherently broken event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib>
		418	(and not with L<POE> currently, as POE does it's own workaround with
		419	one-second latency). For those, you just have to suffer the delays.
		420
398	=head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS	421	=head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS
399		422
		423	$w = AnyEvent->child (pid => <process id>, cb => <callback>);
		424
400	You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status.	425	You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status.
401		426
402	The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (if set to C<0>, it	427	The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (one some backends,
403	watches for any child process exit). The watcher will triggered only when	428	using C<0> watches for any child process exit, on others this will
404	the child process has finished and an exit status is available, not on	429	croak). The watcher will be triggered only when the child process has
405	any trace events (stopped/continued).	430	finished and an exit status is available, not on any trace events
		431	(stopped/continued).
406		432
407	The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by	433	The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by
408	waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher	434	waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher
409	callback arguments.	435	callback arguments.
410		436
…		…
426		452
427	This means you cannot create a child watcher as the very first	453	This means you cannot create a child watcher as the very first
428	thing in an AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one	454	thing in an AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one
429	watcher before you C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call	455	watcher before you C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call
430	C<AnyEvent::detect>).	456	C<AnyEvent::detect>).
		457
		458	As most event loops do not support waiting for child events, they will be
		459	emulated by AnyEvent in most cases, in which the latency and race problems
		460	mentioned in the description of signal watchers apply.
431		461
432	Example: fork a process and wait for it	462	Example: fork a process and wait for it
433		463
434	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;	464	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;
435		465
…		…
447	# do something else, then wait for process exit	477	# do something else, then wait for process exit
448	$done->recv;	478	$done->recv;
449		479
450	=head2 IDLE WATCHERS	480	=head2 IDLE WATCHERS
451		481
		482	$w = AnyEvent->idle (cb => <callback>);
		483
452	Sometimes there is a need to do something, but it is not so important	484	Sometimes there is a need to do something, but it is not so important
453	to do it instantly, but only when there is nothing better to do. This	485	to do it instantly, but only when there is nothing better to do. This
454	"nothing better to do" is usually defined to be "no other events need	486	"nothing better to do" is usually defined to be "no other events need
455	attention by the event loop".	487	attention by the event loop".
456		488
…		…
482	});	514	});
483	});	515	});
484		516
485	=head2 CONDITION VARIABLES	517	=head2 CONDITION VARIABLES
486		518
		519	$cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
		520
		521	$cv->send (<list>);
		522	my @res = $cv->recv;
		523
487	If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them	524	If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them
488	require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that	525	require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that
489	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.	526	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.
490		527
491	AnyEvent is different, it expects somebody else to run the event loop and	528	AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event
492	will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user).	529	loop and will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user).
493		530
494	The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called	531	The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called
495	because they represent a condition that must become true.	532	because they represent a condition that must become true.
496		533
		534	Now is probably a good time to look at the examples further below.
		535
497	Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar	536	Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar
498	>> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is	537	>> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is
499
500	C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable	538	C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable
501	becomes true, with the condition variable as the first argument (but not	539	becomes true, with the condition variable as the first argument (but not
502	the results).	540	the results).
503		541
504	After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true"	542	After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true"
…		…
509	Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can	547	Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can
510	optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points	548	optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points
511	in time where multiple outstanding events have been processed. And yet	549	in time where multiple outstanding events have been processed. And yet
512	another way to call them is transactions - each condition variable can be	550	another way to call them is transactions - each condition variable can be
513	used to represent a transaction, which finishes at some point and delivers	551	used to represent a transaction, which finishes at some point and delivers
514	a result.	552	a result. And yet some people know them as "futures" - a promise to
		553	compute/deliver something that you can wait for.
515		554
516	Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished,	555	Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished,
517	for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests,	556	for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests,
518	then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the	557	then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the
519	availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is	558	availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is
…		…
553	after => 1,	592	after => 1,
554	cb => sub { $result_ready->send },	593	cb => sub { $result_ready->send },
555	);	594	);
556		595
557	# this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback	596	# this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback
558	# calls send	597	# calls -<send
559	$result_ready->recv;	598	$result_ready->recv;
560		599
561	Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that	600	Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition
562	condition variables are also code references.	601	variables are also callable directly.
563		602
564	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;	603	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;
565	my $delay = AnyEvent->timer (after => 5, cb => $done);	604	my $delay = AnyEvent->timer (after => 5, cb => $done);
566	$done->recv;	605	$done->recv;
567		606
…		…
573		612
574	...	613	...
575		614
576	my @info = $couchdb->info->recv;	615	my @info = $couchdb->info->recv;
577		616
578	And this is how you would just ste a callback to be called whenever the	617	And this is how you would just set a callback to be called whenever the
579	results are available:	618	results are available:
580		619
581	$couchdb->info->cb (sub {	620	$couchdb->info->cb (sub {
582	my @info = $_[0]->recv;	621	my @info = $_[0]->recv;
583	});	622	});
…		…
601	immediately from within send.	640	immediately from within send.
602		641
603	Any arguments passed to the C<send> call will be returned by all	642	Any arguments passed to the C<send> call will be returned by all
604	future C<< ->recv >> calls.	643	future C<< ->recv >> calls.
605		644
606	Condition variables are overloaded so one can call them directly	645	Condition variables are overloaded so one can call them directly (as if
607	(as a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling	646	they were a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling
608	C<send>. Note, however, that many C-based event loops do not handle	647	C<send>.
609	overloading, so as tempting as it may be, passing a condition variable
610	instead of a callback does not work. Both the pure perl and EV loops
611	support overloading, however, as well as all functions that use perl to
612	invoke a callback (as in L<AnyEvent::Socket> and L<AnyEvent::DNS> for
613	example).
614		648
615	=item $cv->croak ($error)	649	=item $cv->croak ($error)
616		650
617	Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke	651	Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke
618	C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar.	652	C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar.
619		653
620	This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable	654	This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable
621	user/consumer.	655	user/consumer. Doing it this way instead of calling C<croak> directly
		656	delays the error detetcion, but has the overwhelmign advantage that it
		657	diagnoses the error at the place where the result is expected, and not
		658	deep in some event clalback without connection to the actual code causing
		659	the problem.
622		660
623	=item $cv->begin ([group callback])	661	=item $cv->begin ([group callback])
624		662
625	=item $cv->end	663	=item $cv->end
626		664
…		…
722	function will call C<croak>.	760	function will call C<croak>.
723		761
724	In list context, all parameters passed to C<send> will be returned,	762	In list context, all parameters passed to C<send> will be returned,
725	in scalar context only the first one will be returned.	763	in scalar context only the first one will be returned.
726		764
		765	Note that doing a blocking wait in a callback is not supported by any
		766	event loop, that is, recursive invocation of a blocking C<< ->recv
		767	>> is not allowed, and the C<recv> call will C<croak> if such a
		768	condition is detected. This condition can be slightly loosened by using
		769	L<Coro::AnyEvent>, which allows you to do a blocking C<< ->recv >> from
		770	any thread that doesn't run the event loop itself.
		771
727	Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case	772	Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case
728	(programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are	773	(programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are
729	using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>, but let the	774	using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>. Instead, let the
730	caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling	775	caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling
731	condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting	776	condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting
732	callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block,	777	callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block,
733	while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires).	778	while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires).
734		779
735	Another reason I<never> to C<< ->recv >> in a module is that you cannot
736	sensibly have two C<< ->recv >>'s in parallel, as that would require
737	multiple interpreters or coroutines/threads, none of which C<AnyEvent>
738	can supply.
739
740	The L<Coro> module, however, I<can> and I<does> supply coroutines and, in
741	fact, L<Coro::AnyEvent> replaces AnyEvent's condvars by coroutine-safe
742	versions and also integrates coroutines into AnyEvent, making blocking
743	C<< ->recv >> calls perfectly safe as long as they are done from another
744	coroutine (one that doesn't run the event loop).
745
746	You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and	780	You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and
747	only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later	781	only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later
748	time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking	782	time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking
749	waits otherwise.	783	waits otherwise.
750		784
…		…
756	=item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv))	790	=item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv))
757		791
758	This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally	792	This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally
759	replaces it before doing so.	793	replaces it before doing so.
760		794
761	The callback will be called when the condition becomes "true", i.e. when	795	The callback will be called when the condition becomes (or already was)
762	C<send> or C<croak> are called, with the only argument being the condition	796	"true", i.e. when C<send> or C<croak> are called (or were called), with
763	variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time	797	the only argument being the condition variable itself. Calling C<recv>
764	is guaranteed not to block.	798	inside the callback or at any later time is guaranteed not to block.
765		799
766	=back	800	=back
767		801
		802	=head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS
		803
		804	The available backend classes are (every class has its own manpage):
		805
		806	=over 4
		807
		808	=item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found.
		809
		810	EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in
		811	use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will try Event, and, failing
		812	that, will fall back to its own pure-perl implementation, which is
		813	available everywhere as it comes with AnyEvent itself.
		814
		815	AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice).
		816	AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches.
		817	AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable.
		818
		819	=item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used.
		820
		821	These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher
		822	is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using
		823	them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend
		824	when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to
		825	create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program.
		826
		827	AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable.
		828	AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken.
		829	AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.
		830	AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations.
		831	AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi used when running within irssi.
		832
		833	=item Backends with special needs.
		834
		835	Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will
		836	otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program
		837	instantiates the application before any AnyEvent watchers are created,
		838	everything should just work.
		839
		840	AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt.
		841
		842	Support for IO::Async can only be partial, as it is too broken and
		843	architecturally limited to even support the AnyEvent API. It also
		844	is the only event loop that needs the loop to be set explicitly, so
		845	it can only be used by a main program knowing about AnyEvent. See
		846	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Async> for the gory details.
		847
		848	AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync based on IO::Async, cannot be autoprobed.
		849
		850	=item Event loops that are indirectly supported via other backends.
		851
		852	Some event loops can be supported via other modules:
		853
		854	There is no direct support for WxWidgets (L<Wx>) or L<Prima>.
		855
		856	B<WxWidgets> has no support for watching file handles. However, you can
		857	use WxWidgets through the POE adaptor, as POE has a Wx backend that simply
		858	polls 20 times per second, which was considered to be too horrible to even
		859	consider for AnyEvent.
		860
		861	B<Prima> is not supported as nobody seems to be using it, but it has a POE
		862	backend, so it can be supported through POE.
		863
		864	AnyEvent knows about both L<Prima> and L<Wx>, however, and will try to
		865	load L<POE> when detecting them, in the hope that POE will pick them up,
		866	in which case everything will be automatic.
		867
		868	=back
		869
768	=head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS	870	=head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS
769		871
		872	These are not normally required to use AnyEvent, but can be useful to
		873	write AnyEvent extension modules.
		874
770	=over 4	875	=over 4
771		876
772	=item $AnyEvent::MODEL	877	=item $AnyEvent::MODEL
773		878
774	Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created. Then it	879	Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created, before the
		880	backend has been autodetected.
		881
775	contains the event model that is being used, which is the name of the	882	Afterwards it contains the event model that is being used, which is the
776	Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one of the	883	name of the Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one
777	C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the case	884	of the C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the
778	AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode>).	885	case AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode> it
779		886	will be C<urxvt::anyevent>).
780	The known classes so far are:
781
782	AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (an interface to libev, best choice).
783	AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, second best choice.
784	AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable.
785	AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, third-best choice.
786	AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very bad choice.
787	AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt, cannot be autoprobed (see its docs).
788	AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.
789	AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, not generic enough for full support.
790
791	# warning, support for IO::Async is only partial, as it is too broken
792	# and limited toe ven support the AnyEvent API. See AnyEvent::Impl::Async.
793	AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync based on IO::Async, cannot be autoprobed (see its docs).
794
795	There is no support for WxWidgets, as WxWidgets has no support for
796	watching file handles. However, you can use WxWidgets through the
797	POE Adaptor, as POE has a Wx backend that simply polls 20 times per
798	second, which was considered to be too horrible to even consider for
799	AnyEvent. Likewise, other POE backends can be used by AnyEvent by using
800	it's adaptor.
801
802	AnyEvent knows about L<Prima> and L<Wx> and will try to use L<POE> when
803	autodetecting them.
804		887
805	=item AnyEvent::detect	888	=item AnyEvent::detect
806		889
807	Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model	890	Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model
808	if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would	891	if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would
809	have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at	892	have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at
810	runtime.	893	runtime, and not e.g. while initialising of your module.
		894
		895	If you need to do some initialisation before AnyEvent watchers are
		896	created, use C<post_detect>.
811		897
812	=item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }	898	=item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }
813		899
814	Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is	900	Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is
815	autodetected (or immediately if this has already happened).	901	autodetected (or immediately if this has already happened).
816		902
		903	The block will be executed I<after> the actual backend has been detected
		904	(C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> is set), but I<before> any watchers have been
		905	created, so it is possible to e.g. patch C<@AnyEvent::ISA> or do
		906	other initialisations - see the sources of L<AnyEvent::Strict> or
		907	L<AnyEvent::AIO> to see how this is used.
		908
		909	The most common usage is to create some global watchers, without forcing
		910	event module detection too early, for example, L<AnyEvent::AIO> creates
		911	and installs the global L<IO::AIO> watcher in a C<post_detect> block to
		912	avoid autodetecting the event module at load time.
		913
817	If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object	914	If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object
818	that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed. See	915	that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed (or
		916	C<undef> when the hook was immediately executed). See L<AnyEvent::AIO> for
819	L<Coro::BDB> for a case where this is useful.	917	a case where this is useful.
		918
		919	Example: Create a watcher for the IO::AIO module and store it in
		920	C<$WATCHER>. Only do so after the event loop is initialised, though.
		921
		922	our WATCHER;
		923
		924	my $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect {
		925	$WATCHER = AnyEvent->io (fh => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, poll => 'r', cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		926	};
		927
		928	# the \|\|= is important in case post_detect immediately runs the block,
		929	# as to not clobber the newly-created watcher. assigning both watcher and
		930	# post_detect guard to the same variable has the advantage of users being
		931	# able to just C<undef $WATCHER> if the watcher causes them grief.
		932
		933	$WATCHER \|\|= $guard;
820		934
821	=item @AnyEvent::post_detect	935	=item @AnyEvent::post_detect
822		936
823	If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it	937	If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it
824	before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after	938	before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after
825	the event loop has been chosen.	939	the event loop has been chosen.
826		940
827	You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though:	941	You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though:
828	if it contains a true value then the event loop has already been detected,	942	if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the
829	and the array will be ignored.	943	array will be ignored.
830		944
831	Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> instead.	945	Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> when your application allows
		946	it,as it takes care of these details.
		947
		948	This variable is mainly useful for modules that can do something useful
		949	when AnyEvent is used and thus want to know when it is initialised, but do
		950	not need to even load it by default. This array provides the means to hook
		951	into AnyEvent passively, without loading it.
832		952
833	=back	953	=back
834		954
835	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE	955	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE
836		956
…		…
891		1011
892		1012
893	=head1 OTHER MODULES	1013	=head1 OTHER MODULES
894		1014
895	The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use	1015	The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use
896	AnyEvent and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent modules	1016	AnyEvent as a client and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent
897	in the same program. Some of the modules come with AnyEvent, some are	1017	modules and other event loops in the same program. Some of the modules
898	available via CPAN.	1018	come with AnyEvent, most are available via CPAN.
899		1019
900	=over 4	1020	=over 4
901		1021
902	=item L<AnyEvent::Util>	1022	=item L<AnyEvent::Util>
903		1023
…		…
912		1032
913	=item L<AnyEvent::Handle>	1033	=item L<AnyEvent::Handle>
914		1034
915	Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes,	1035	Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes,
916	supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and	1036	supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and
917	non-blocking SSL/TLS.	1037	non-blocking SSL/TLS (via L<AnyEvent::TLS>.
918		1038
919	=item L<AnyEvent::DNS>	1039	=item L<AnyEvent::DNS>
920		1040
921	Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities.	1041	Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities.
922		1042
…		…
950		1070
951	=item L<AnyEvent::GPSD>	1071	=item L<AnyEvent::GPSD>
952		1072
953	A non-blocking interface to gpsd, a daemon delivering GPS information.	1073	A non-blocking interface to gpsd, a daemon delivering GPS information.
954		1074
		1075	=item L<AnyEvent::IRC>
		1076
		1077	AnyEvent based IRC client module family (replacing the older Net::IRC3).
		1078
		1079	=item L<AnyEvent::XMPP>
		1080
		1081	AnyEvent based XMPP (Jabber protocol) module family (replacing the older
		1082	Net::XMPP2>.
		1083
955	=item L<AnyEvent::IGS>	1084	=item L<AnyEvent::IGS>
956		1085
957	A non-blocking interface to the Internet Go Server protocol (used by	1086	A non-blocking interface to the Internet Go Server protocol (used by
958	L<App::IGS>).	1087	L<App::IGS>).
959		1088
960	=item L<AnyEvent::IRC>
961
962	AnyEvent based IRC client module family (replacing the older Net::IRC3).
963
964	=item L<Net::XMPP2>
965
966	AnyEvent based XMPP (Jabber protocol) module family.
967
968	=item L<Net::FCP>	1089	=item L<Net::FCP>
969		1090
970	AnyEvent-based implementation of the Freenet Client Protocol, birthplace	1091	AnyEvent-based implementation of the Freenet Client Protocol, birthplace
971	of AnyEvent.	1092	of AnyEvent.
972		1093
…		…
976		1097
977	=item L<Coro>	1098	=item L<Coro>
978		1099
979	Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>.	1100	Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>.
980		1101
981	=item L<IO::Lambda>
982
983	The lambda approach to I/O - don't ask, look there. Can use AnyEvent.
984
985	=back	1102	=back
986		1103
987	=cut	1104	=cut
988		1105
989	package AnyEvent;	1106	package AnyEvent;
990		1107
		1108	# basically a tuned-down version of common::sense
		1109	sub common_sense {
991	no warnings;	1110	# no warnings
		1111	${^WARNING_BITS} ^= ${^WARNING_BITS};
992	use strict qw(vars subs);	1112	# use strict vars subs
		1113	$^H \|= 0x00000600;
		1114	}
993		1115
		1116	BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		1117
994	use Carp;	1118	use Carp ();
995		1119
996	our $VERSION = 4.8;	1120	our $VERSION = 4.91;
997	our $MODEL;	1121	our $MODEL;
998		1122
999	our $AUTOLOAD;	1123	our $AUTOLOAD;
1000	our @ISA;	1124	our @ISA;
1001		1125
1002	our @REGISTRY;	1126	our @REGISTRY;
1003		1127
1004	our $WIN32;	1128	our $WIN32;
		1129
		1130	our $VERBOSE;
1005		1131
1006	BEGIN {	1132	BEGIN {
1007	eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }";	1133	eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }";
1008	eval "sub TAINT(){ " . (${^TAINT}*1) . " }";	1134	eval "sub TAINT(){ " . (${^TAINT}*1) . " }";
1009		1135
1010	delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV}	1136	delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV}
1011	if ${^TAINT};	1137	if ${^TAINT};
1012	}
1013		1138
1014	our $verbose = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1;	1139	$VERBOSE = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1;
		1140
		1141	}
		1142
		1143	our $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY = 10;
1015		1144
1016	our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4\|ipv6) => (1\|2), higher numbers are preferred	1145	our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4\|ipv6) => (1\|2), higher numbers are preferred
1017		1146
1018	{	1147	{
1019	my $idx;	1148	my $idx;
…		…
1021	for reverse split /\s,\s/,	1150	for reverse split /\s,\s/,
1022	$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} \|\| "ipv4,ipv6";	1151	$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} \|\| "ipv4,ipv6";
1023	}	1152	}
1024		1153
1025	my @models = (	1154	my @models = (
1026	[EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV::],	1155	[EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV:: , 1],
1027	[Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::],	1156	[Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::, 1],
1028	[AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::],	1157	[AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: , 1],
1029	# everything below here will not be autoprobed	1158	# everything below here will not (normally) be autoprobed
1030	# as the pureperl backend should work everywhere	1159	# as the pureperl backend should work everywhere
1031	# and is usually faster	1160	# and is usually faster
		1161	[Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib:: , 1], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers
		1162	[Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy
		1163	[Irssi:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi::], # Irssi has a bogus "Event" package
1032	[Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles	1164	[Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles
1033	[Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers
1034	[Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy
1035	[Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program	1165	[Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program
1036	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza	1166	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza
1037	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],	1167	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
1038	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],	1168	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
1039	# IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workaorunds for its	1169	# IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its
1040	# byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others.	1170	# byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others.
1041	# IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any	1171	# IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any
1042	# obvious default class.	1172	# obvious default class.
1043	# [IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1173	# [0, IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1044	# [IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1174	# [0, IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1045	# [IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1175	# [0, IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1046	);	1176	);
1047		1177
1048	our %method = map +($_ => 1),	1178	our %method = map +($_ => 1),
1049	qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY);	1179	qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY);
1050		1180
…		…
1054	my ($cb) = @_;	1184	my ($cb) = @_;
1055		1185
1056	if ($MODEL) {	1186	if ($MODEL) {
1057	$cb->();	1187	$cb->();
1058		1188
1059	1	1189	undef
1060	} else {	1190	} else {
1061	push @post_detect, $cb;	1191	push @post_detect, $cb;
1062		1192
1063	defined wantarray	1193	defined wantarray
1064	? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect"	1194	? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect"
…		…
1070	@post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect;	1200	@post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect;
1071	}	1201	}
1072		1202
1073	sub detect() {	1203	sub detect() {
1074	unless ($MODEL) {	1204	unless ($MODEL) {
1075	no strict 'refs';
1076	local $SIG{__DIE__};	1205	local $SIG{__DIE__};
1077		1206
1078	if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) {	1207	if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) {
1079	my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1";	1208	my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1";
1080	if (eval "require $model") {	1209	if (eval "require $model") {
1081	$MODEL = $model;	1210	$MODEL = $model;
1082	warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL), using it.\n" if $verbose > 1;	1211	warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}), using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1083	} else {	1212	} else {
1084	warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL):\n$@" if $verbose;	1213	warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}):\n$@" if $VERBOSE;
1085	}	1214	}
1086	}	1215	}
1087		1216
1088	# check for already loaded models	1217	# check for already loaded models
1089	unless ($MODEL) {	1218	unless ($MODEL) {
1090	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {	1219	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1091	my ($package, $model) = @$_;	1220	my ($package, $model) = @$_;
1092	if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) {	1221	if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) {
1093	if (eval "require $model") {	1222	if (eval "require $model") {
1094	$MODEL = $model;	1223	$MODEL = $model;
1095	warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $verbose > 1;	1224	warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1096	last;	1225	last;
1097	}	1226	}
1098	}	1227	}
1099	}	1228	}
1100		1229
1101	unless ($MODEL) {	1230	unless ($MODEL) {
1102	# try to load a model	1231	# try to autoload a model
1103
1104	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {	1232	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1105	my ($package, $model) = @$_;	1233	my ($package, $model, $autoload) = @$_;
		1234	if (
		1235	$autoload
1106	if (eval "require $package"	1236	and eval "require $package"
1107	and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0	1237	and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0
1108	and eval "require $model") {	1238	and eval "require $model"
		1239	) {
1109	$MODEL = $model;	1240	$MODEL = $model;
1110	warn "AnyEvent: autoprobed model '$model', using it.\n" if $verbose > 1;	1241	warn "AnyEvent: autoloaded model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1111	last;	1242	last;
1112	}	1243	}
1113	}	1244	}
1114		1245
1115	$MODEL	1246	$MODEL
…		…
1131		1262
1132	sub AUTOLOAD {	1263	sub AUTOLOAD {
1133	(my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://;	1264	(my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://;
1134		1265
1135	$method{$func}	1266	$method{$func}
1136	or croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects";	1267	or Carp::croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects";
1137		1268
1138	detect unless $MODEL;	1269	detect unless $MODEL;
1139		1270
1140	my $class = shift;	1271	my $class = shift;
1141	$class->$func (@_);	1272	$class->$func (@_);
…		…
1146	# allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one).	1277	# allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one).
1147	sub _dupfh($$;$$) {	1278	sub _dupfh($$;$$) {
1148	my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_;	1279	my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_;
1149		1280
1150	# cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't	1281	# cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't
1151	my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<")	1282	my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<&") : ($w, ">&");
1152	: $poll eq "w" ? ($w, ">")
1153	: Carp::croak "AnyEvent->io requires poll set to either 'r' or 'w'";
1154		1283
1155	open my $fh2, "$mode&" . fileno $fh	1284	open my $fh2, $mode, $fh
1156	or die "cannot dup() filehandle: $!,";	1285	or die "AnyEvent->io: cannot dup() filehandle in mode '$poll': $!,";
1157		1286
1158	# we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases	1287	# we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases
1159		1288
1160	($fh2, $rw)	1289	($fh2, $rw)
1161	}	1290	}
1162		1291
		1292	#############################################################################
		1293	# "new" API, currently only emulation of it
		1294	#############################################################################
		1295
		1296	package AE;
		1297
		1298	sub io($$$) {
		1299	AnyEvent->io (fh => $_[0], poll => $_[1] ? "w" : "r", cb => $_[2])
		1300	}
		1301
		1302	sub timer($$$) {
		1303	AnyEvent->timer (after => $_[0], interval => $_[1], cb => $_[2]);
		1304	}
		1305
		1306	sub signal($$) {
		1307	AnyEvent->signal (signal => $_[0], cb => $_[1]);
		1308	}
		1309
		1310	sub child($$) {
		1311	AnyEvent->child (pid => $_[0], cb => $_[1]);
		1312	}
		1313
		1314	sub idle($) {
		1315	AnyEvent->idle (cb => $_[0]);
		1316	}
		1317
		1318	sub cv(;&) {
		1319	AnyEvent->condvar (@_ ? (cb => $_[0]) : ())
		1320	}
		1321
		1322	sub now() {
		1323	AnyEvent->now
		1324	}
		1325
		1326	sub now_update() {
		1327	AnyEvent->now_update
		1328	}
		1329
		1330	sub time() {
		1331	AnyEvent->time
		1332	}
		1333
1163	package AnyEvent::Base;	1334	package AnyEvent::Base;
1164		1335
1165	# default implementations for many methods	1336	# default implementations for many methods
1166		1337
1167	BEGIN {	1338	sub _time {
		1339	# probe for availability of Time::HiRes
1168	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {	1340	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {
		1341	warn "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1169	*_time = \&Time::HiRes::time;	1342	*_time = \&Time::HiRes::time;
1170	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...	1343	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...
1171	} else {	1344	} else {
		1345	warn "AnyEvent: using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!\n" if $VERBOSE;
1172	*_time = sub { time }; # epic fail	1346	*_time = sub { time }; # epic fail
1173	}	1347	}
		1348
		1349	&_time
1174	}	1350	}
1175		1351
1176	sub time { _time }	1352	sub time { _time }
1177	sub now { _time }	1353	sub now { _time }
1178	sub now_update { }	1354	sub now_update { }
…		…
1183	bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"	1359	bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"
1184	}	1360	}
1185		1361
1186	# default implementation for ->signal	1362	# default implementation for ->signal
1187		1363
		1364	our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;
		1365
		1366	sub _have_async_interrupt() {
		1367	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT = 1*(!$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT}
		1368	&& eval "use Async::Interrupt 1.0 (); 1")
		1369	unless defined $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;
		1370
		1371	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1372	}
		1373
1188	our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO);	1374	our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO);
		1375	our (%SIG_ASY, %SIG_ASY_W);
		1376	our ($SIG_COUNT, $SIG_TW);
1189		1377
1190	sub _signal_exec {	1378	sub _signal_exec {
		1379	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1380	? $SIGPIPE_R->drain
1191	sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 4;	1381	: sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 9;
1192		1382
1193	while (%SIG_EV) {	1383	while (%SIG_EV) {
1194	for (keys %SIG_EV) {	1384	for (keys %SIG_EV) {
1195	delete $SIG_EV{$_};	1385	delete $SIG_EV{$_};
1196	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} \|\| {} };	1386	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} \|\| {} };
1197	}	1387	}
1198	}	1388	}
1199	}	1389	}
1200		1390
		1391	# install a dummy wakeup watcher to reduce signal catching latency
		1392	sub _sig_add() {
		1393	unless ($SIG_COUNT++) {
		1394	# try to align timer on a full-second boundary, if possible
		1395	my $NOW = AE::now;
		1396
		1397	$SIG_TW = AE::timer
		1398	$MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY - ($NOW - int $NOW),
		1399	$MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY,
		1400	sub { } # just for the PERL_ASYNC_CHECK
		1401	;
		1402	}
		1403	}
		1404
		1405	sub _sig_del {
		1406	undef $SIG_TW
		1407	unless --$SIG_COUNT;
		1408	}
		1409
		1410	our $_sig_name_init; $_sig_name_init = sub {
		1411	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading
		1412	undef $_sig_name_init;
		1413
		1414	if (_have_async_interrupt) {
		1415	*sig2num = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2num;
		1416	*sig2name = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2name;
		1417	} else {
		1418	require Config;
		1419
		1420	my %signame2num;
		1421	@signame2num{ split ' ', $Config::Config{sig_name} }
		1422	= split ' ', $Config::Config{sig_num};
		1423
		1424	my @signum2name;
		1425	@signum2name[values %signame2num] = keys %signame2num;
		1426
		1427	*sig2num = sub($) {
		1428	$_[0] > 0 ? shift : $signame2num{+shift}
		1429	};
		1430	*sig2name = sub ($) {
		1431	$_[0] > 0 ? $signum2name[+shift] : shift
		1432	};
		1433	}
		1434	};
		1435	die if $@;
		1436	};
		1437
		1438	sub sig2num ($) { &$_sig_name_init; &sig2num }
		1439	sub sig2name($) { &$_sig_name_init; &sig2name }
		1440
1201	sub signal {	1441	sub signal {
1202	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1442	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
		1443	# probe for availability of Async::Interrupt
		1444	if (_have_async_interrupt) {
		1445	warn "AnyEvent: using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1203		1446
1204	unless ($SIGPIPE_R) {	1447	$SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe;
1205	require Fcntl;	1448	$SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, 0, \&_signal_exec;
1206		1449
1207	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {
1208	require AnyEvent::Util;
1209
1210	($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe ();
1211	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R) if $SIGPIPE_R;
1212	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
1213	} else {	1450	} else {
		1451	warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
		1452
		1453	require Fcntl;
		1454
		1455	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {
		1456	require AnyEvent::Util;
		1457
		1458	($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe ();
		1459	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R, 1) if $SIGPIPE_R;
		1460	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W, 1) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
		1461	} else {
1214	pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W;	1462	pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W;
1215	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R;	1463	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R;
1216	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case	1464	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
1217		1465
1218	# not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure...	1466	# not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure...
1219	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;	1467	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
1220	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;	1468	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
		1469	}
		1470
		1471	$SIGPIPE_R
		1472	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";
		1473
		1474	$SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R, 0, \&_signal_exec;
1221	}	1475	}
1222		1476
1223	$SIGPIPE_R	1477	*signal = sub {
1224	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";	1478	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
1225		1479
1226	$SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec);
1227	}
1228
1229	my $signal = uc $arg{signal}	1480	my $signal = uc $arg{signal}
1230	or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing";	1481	or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing";
1231		1482
		1483	if ($HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT) {
		1484	# async::interrupt
		1485
		1486	$signal = sig2num $signal;
1232	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};	1487	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
		1488
		1489	$SIG_ASY{$signal} \|\|= new Async::Interrupt
		1490	cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} },
		1491	signal => $signal,
		1492	pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos],
		1493	pipe_autodrain => 0,
		1494	;
		1495
		1496	} else {
		1497	# pure perl
		1498
		1499	# AE::Util has been loaded in signal
		1500	$signal = sig2name $signal;
		1501	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
		1502
1233	$SIG{$signal} \|\|= sub {	1503	$SIG{$signal} \|\|= sub {
1234	local $!;	1504	local $!;
1235	syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV;	1505	syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV;
1236	undef $SIG_EV{$signal};	1506	undef $SIG_EV{$signal};
		1507	};
		1508
		1509	# can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl,
		1510	# so limit the signal latency.
		1511	_sig_add;
		1512	}
		1513
		1514	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"
		1515	};
		1516
		1517	*AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY = sub {
		1518	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
		1519
		1520	_sig_del;
		1521
		1522	delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};
		1523
		1524	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1525	? delete $SIG_ASY{$signal}
		1526	: # delete doesn't work with older perls - they then
		1527	# print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit
		1528	# instead of getting the default action.
		1529	undef $SIG{$signal}
		1530	unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };
		1531	};
1237	};	1532	};
1238		1533	die if $@;
1239	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"	1534	&signal
1240	}
1241
1242	sub AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY {
1243	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
1244
1245	delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};
1246
1247	# delete doesn't work with older perls - they then
1248	# print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit
1249	# instead of getting the default action.
1250	undef $SIG{$signal} unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };
1251	}	1535	}
1252		1536
1253	# default implementation for ->child	1537	# default implementation for ->child
1254		1538
1255	our %PID_CB;	1539	our %PID_CB;
1256	our $CHLD_W;	1540	our $CHLD_W;
1257	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;	1541	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;
1258	our $WNOHANG;	1542	our $WNOHANG;
1259		1543
		1544	sub _emit_childstatus($$) {
		1545	my (undef, $rpid, $rstatus) = @_;
		1546
		1547	$_->($rpid, $rstatus)
		1548	for values %{ $PID_CB{$rpid} \|\| {} },
		1549	values %{ $PID_CB{0} \|\| {} };
		1550	}
		1551
1260	sub _sigchld {	1552	sub _sigchld {
		1553	my $pid;
		1554
		1555	AnyEvent->_emit_childstatus ($pid, $?)
1261	while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) {	1556	while ($pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG) > 0;
1262	$_->($pid, $?) for (values %{ $PID_CB{$pid} \|\| {} }),
1263	(values %{ $PID_CB{0} \|\| {} });
1264	}
1265	}	1557	}
1266		1558
1267	sub child {	1559	sub child {
1268	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1560	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
1269		1561
1270	defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0)	1562	defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0)
1271	or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing";	1563	or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing";
1272		1564
1273	$PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};	1565	$PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
1274		1566
		1567	# WNOHANG is almost cetrainly 1 everywhere
		1568	$WNOHANG \|\|= $^O =~ /^(?:openbsd\|netbsd\|linux\|freebsd\|cygwin\|MSWin32)$/
		1569	? 1
1275	$WNOHANG \|\|= eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } \|\| 1;	1570	: eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } \|\| 1;
1276		1571
1277	unless ($CHLD_W) {	1572	unless ($CHLD_W) {
1278	$CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld);	1573	$CHLD_W = AE::signal CHLD => \&_sigchld;
1279	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round	1574	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round
1280	&_sigchld;	1575	&_sigchld;
1281	}	1576	}
1282		1577
1283	bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child"	1578	bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child"
…		…
1309	# never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher,	1604	# never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher,
1310	# within some limits	1605	# within some limits
1311	$w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001;	1606	$w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001;
1312	$w = 5 if $w > 5;	1607	$w = 5 if $w > 5;
1313		1608
1314	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $w, cb => $rcb);	1609	$w = AE::timer $w, 0, $rcb;
1315	} else {	1610	} else {
1316	# clean up...	1611	# clean up...
1317	undef $w;	1612	undef $w;
1318	undef $rcb;	1613	undef $rcb;
1319	}	1614	}
1320	};	1615	};
1321		1616
1322	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 0.05, cb => $rcb);	1617	$w = AE::timer 0.05, 0, $rcb;
1323		1618
1324	bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle"	1619	bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle"
1325	}	1620	}
1326		1621
1327	sub AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY {	1622	sub AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY {
…		…
1332		1627
1333	our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::;	1628	our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::;
1334		1629
1335	package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base;	1630	package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base;
1336		1631
1337	use overload	1632	#use overload
1338	'&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } },	1633	# '&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } },
1339	fallback => 1;	1634	# fallback => 1;
		1635
		1636	# save 300+ kilobytes by dirtily hardcoding overloading
		1637	${"AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::OVERLOAD"}{dummy}++; # Register with magic by touching.
		1638	*{'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::()'} = sub { }; # "Make it findable via fetchmethod."
		1639	*{'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::(&{}'} = sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } }; # &{}
		1640	${'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::()'} = 1; # fallback
		1641
		1642	our $WAITING;
1340		1643
1341	sub _send {	1644	sub _send {
1342	# nop	1645	# nop
1343	}	1646	}
1344		1647
…		…
1357	sub ready {	1660	sub ready {
1358	$_[0]{_ae_sent}	1661	$_[0]{_ae_sent}
1359	}	1662	}
1360		1663
1361	sub _wait {	1664	sub _wait {
		1665	$WAITING
		1666	and !$_[0]{_ae_sent}
		1667	and Carp::croak "AnyEvent::CondVar: recursive blocking wait detected";
		1668
		1669	local $WAITING = 1;
1362	AnyEvent->one_event while !$_[0]{_ae_sent};	1670	AnyEvent->one_event while !$_[0]{_ae_sent};
1363	}	1671	}
1364		1672
1365	sub recv {	1673	sub recv {
1366	$_[0]->_wait;	1674	$_[0]->_wait;
…		…
1368	Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak} if $_[0]{_ae_croak};	1676	Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak} if $_[0]{_ae_croak};
1369	wantarray ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0]	1677	wantarray ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0]
1370	}	1678	}
1371		1679
1372	sub cb {	1680	sub cb {
1373	$_[0]{_ae_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;	1681	my $cv = shift;
		1682
		1683	@_
		1684	and $cv->{_ae_cb} = shift
		1685	and $cv->{_ae_sent}
		1686	and (delete $cv->{_ae_cb})->($cv);
		1687
1374	$_[0]{_ae_cb}	1688	$cv->{_ae_cb}
1375	}	1689	}
1376		1690
1377	sub begin {	1691	sub begin {
1378	++$_[0]{_ae_counter};	1692	++$_[0]{_ae_counter};
1379	$_[0]{_ae_end_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;	1693	$_[0]{_ae_end_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;
…		…
1428	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>.	1742	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>.
1429		1743
1430	When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event	1744	When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event
1431	model it chooses.	1745	model it chooses.
1432		1746
		1747	When set to C<8> or higher, then AnyEvent will report extra information on
		1748	which optional modules it loads and how it implements certain features.
		1749
1433	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT>	1750	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT>
1434		1751
1435	AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough	1752	AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough
1436	argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value	1753	argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value
1437	will cause AnyEvent to load C<AnyEvent::Strict> and then to thoroughly	1754	will cause AnyEvent to load C<AnyEvent::Strict> and then to thoroughly
1438	check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems,	1755	check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems,
1439	it will croak.	1756	it will croak.
1440		1757
1441	In other words, enables "strict" mode.	1758	In other words, enables "strict" mode.
1442		1759
1443	Unlike C<use strict>, it is definitely recommended to keep it off in	1760	Unlike C<use strict> (or it's modern cousin, C<< use L<common::sense>
1444	production. Keeping C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while	1761	>>, it is definitely recommended to keep it off in production. Keeping
1445	developing programs can be very useful, however.	1762	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while developing programs
		1763	can be very useful, however.
1446		1764
1447	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>	1765	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>
1448		1766
1449	This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before	1767	This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before
1450	auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting	1768	auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting
…		…
1512		1830
1513	When neither C<ca_file> nor C<ca_path> was specified during	1831	When neither C<ca_file> nor C<ca_path> was specified during
1514	L<AnyEvent::TLS> context creation, and either of these environment	1832	L<AnyEvent::TLS> context creation, and either of these environment
1515	variables exist, they will be used to specify CA certificate locations	1833	variables exist, they will be used to specify CA certificate locations
1516	instead of a system-dependent default.	1834	instead of a system-dependent default.
		1835
		1836	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_GUARD> and C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT>
		1837
		1838	When these are set to C<1>, then the respective modules are not
		1839	loaded. Mostly good for testing AnyEvent itself.
1517		1840
1518	=back	1841	=back
1519		1842
1520	=head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE	1843	=head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE
1521		1844
…		…
2060		2383
2061	A handler for C<SIGCHLD> is installed by AnyEvent's child watcher	2384	A handler for C<SIGCHLD> is installed by AnyEvent's child watcher
2062	emulation for event loops that do not support them natively. Also, some	2385	emulation for event loops that do not support them natively. Also, some
2063	event loops install a similar handler.	2386	event loops install a similar handler.
2064		2387
2065	If, when AnyEvent is loaded, SIGCHLD is set to IGNORE, then AnyEvent will	2388	Additionally, when AnyEvent is loaded and SIGCHLD is set to IGNORE, then
2066	reset it to default, to avoid losing child exit statuses.	2389	AnyEvent will reset it to default, to avoid losing child exit statuses.
2067		2390
2068	=item SIGPIPE	2391	=item SIGPIPE
2069		2392
2070	A no-op handler is installed for C<SIGPIPE> when C<$SIG{PIPE}> is C<undef>	2393	A no-op handler is installed for C<SIGPIPE> when C<$SIG{PIPE}> is C<undef>
2071	when AnyEvent gets loaded.	2394	when AnyEvent gets loaded.
…		…
2089	if $SIG{CHLD} eq 'IGNORE';	2412	if $SIG{CHLD} eq 'IGNORE';
2090		2413
2091	$SIG{PIPE} = sub { }	2414	$SIG{PIPE} = sub { }
2092	unless defined $SIG{PIPE};	2415	unless defined $SIG{PIPE};
2093		2416
		2417	=head1 RECOMMENDED/OPTIONAL MODULES
		2418
		2419	One of AnyEvent's main goals is to be 100% Pure-Perl(tm): only perl (and
		2420	it's built-in modules) are required to use it.
		2421
		2422	That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional
		2423	modules if they are installed.
		2424
		2425	This section epxlains which additional modules will be used, and how they
		2426	affect AnyEvent's operetion.
		2427
		2428	=over 4
		2429
		2430	=item L<Async::Interrupt>
		2431
		2432	This slightly arcane module is used to implement fast signal handling: To
		2433	my knowledge, there is no way to do completely race-free and quick
		2434	signal handling in pure perl. To ensure that signals still get
		2435	delivered, AnyEvent will start an interval timer to wake up perl (and
		2436	catch the signals) with some delay (default is 10 seconds, look for
		2437	C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>).
		2438
		2439	If this module is available, then it will be used to implement signal
		2440	catching, which means that signals will not be delayed, and the event loop
		2441	will not be interrupted regularly, which is more efficient (And good for
		2442	battery life on laptops).
		2443
		2444	This affects not just the pure-perl event loop, but also other event loops
		2445	that have no signal handling on their own (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt).
		2446
		2447	Some event loops (POE, Event, Event::Lib) offer signal watchers natively,
		2448	and either employ their own workarounds (POE) or use AnyEvent's workaround
		2449	(using C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>). Installing L<Async::Interrupt>
		2450	does nothing for those backends.
		2451
		2452	=item L<EV>
		2453
		2454	This module isn't really "optional", as it is simply one of the backend
		2455	event loops that AnyEvent can use. However, it is simply the best event
		2456	loop available in terms of features, speed and stability: It supports
		2457	the AnyEvent API optimally, implements all the watcher types in XS, does
		2458	automatic timer adjustments even when no monotonic clock is available,
		2459	can take avdantage of advanced kernel interfaces such as C<epoll> and
		2460	C<kqueue>, and is the fastest backend I<by far>. You can even embed
		2461	L<Glib>/L<Gtk2> in it (or vice versa, see L<EV::Glib> and L<Glib::EV>).
		2462
		2463	=item L<Guard>
		2464
		2465	The guard module, when used, will be used to implement
		2466	C<AnyEvent::Util::guard>. This speeds up guards considerably (and uses a
		2467	lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is
		2468	purely used for performance.
		2469
		2470	=item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS>
		2471
		2472	This module is required when you want to read or write JSON data via
		2473	L<AnyEvent::Handle>. It is also written in pure-perl, but can take
		2474	advantage of the ultra-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed.
		2475
		2476	In fact, L<AnyEvent::Handle> will use L<JSON::XS> by default if it is
		2477	installed.
		2478
		2479	=item L<Net::SSLeay>
		2480
		2481	Implementing TLS/SSL in Perl is certainly interesting, but not very
		2482	worthwhile: If this module is installed, then L<AnyEvent::Handle> (with
		2483	the help of L<AnyEvent::TLS>), gains the ability to do TLS/SSL.
		2484
		2485	=item L<Time::HiRes>
		2486
		2487	This module is part of perl since release 5.008. It will be used when the
		2488	chosen event library does not come with a timing source on it's own. The
		2489	pure-perl event loop (L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) will additionally use it to
		2490	try to use a monotonic clock for timing stability.
		2491
		2492	=back
		2493
		2494
2094	=head1 FORK	2495	=head1 FORK
2095		2496
2096	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are	2497	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are
2097	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll>	2498	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll>
2098	calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware.	2499	calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware.
2099		2500
2100	If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first	2501	If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first
2101	watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child.	2502	watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child OR you must do
		2503	something completely out of the scope of AnyEvent.
2102		2504
2103		2505
2104	=head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS	2506	=head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
2105		2507
2106	AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via	2508	AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via
…		…
2144	L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>.	2546	L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>.
2145		2547
2146	Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>,	2548	Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>,
2147	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>,	2549	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>,
2148	L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>,	2550	L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>,
2149	L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>.	2551	L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>, L<Anyevent::Impl::Irssi>.
2150		2552
2151	Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and	2553	Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and
2152	servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>.	2554	servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>.
2153		2555
2154	Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>.	2556	Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>.
2155		2557
2156	Coroutine support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>, L<Coro::Event>,	2558	Coroutine support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>,
		2559	L<Coro::Event>,
2157		2560
2158	Nontrivial usage examples: L<Net::FCP>, L<Net::XMPP2>, L<AnyEvent::DNS>.	2561	Nontrivial usage examples: L<AnyEvent::GPSD>, L<AnyEvent::XMPP>,
		2562	L<AnyEvent::HTTP>.
2159		2563
2160		2564
2161	=head1 AUTHOR	2565	=head1 AUTHOR
2162		2566
2163	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>	2567	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>

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Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents): Revision 1.228 by root, Wed Jul 8 01:11:12 2009 UTC vs. Revision 1.273 by root, Thu Aug 6 13:45:04 2009 UTC

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Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.228 by root, Wed Jul 8 01:11:12 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.273 by root, Thu Aug 6 13:45:04 2009 UTC