[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm

Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.236 by root, Fri Jul 10 22:35:27 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.290 by root, Tue Sep 1 18:27:46 2009 UTC

…		…
1	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
2		2
3	AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops	3	AnyEvent - the DBI of event loop programming
4		4
5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt and POE are various supported	5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Irssi, rxvt-unicode, IO::Async, Qt
6	event loops.	6	and POE are various supported event loops/environments.
7		7
8	=head1 SYNOPSIS	8	=head1 SYNOPSIS
9		9
10	use AnyEvent;	10	use AnyEvent;
11		11
40	=head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL	40	=head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL
41		41
42	This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested	42	This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested
43	in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the	43	in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the
44	L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage.	44	L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage.
		45
		46	=head1 SUPPORT
		47
		48	There is a mailinglist for discussing all things AnyEvent, and an IRC
		49	channel, too.
		50
		51	See the AnyEvent project page at the B<Schmorpforge Ta-Sa Software
		52	Repository>, at L<http://anyevent.schmorp.de>, for more info.
45		53
46	=head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT)	54	=head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT)
47		55
48	Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen	56	Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen
49	nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent?	57	nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent?
…		…
173	my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are	181	my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are
174	declared.	182	declared.
175		183
176	=head2 I/O WATCHERS	184	=head2 I/O WATCHERS
177		185
		186	$w = AnyEvent->io (
		187	fh => <filehandle_or_fileno>,
		188	poll => <"r" or "w">,
		189	cb => <callback>,
		190	);
		191
178	You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method	192	You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method
179	with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:	193	with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:
180		194
181	C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch	195	C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch
182	for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file	196	for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file
…		…
211	undef $w;	225	undef $w;
212	});	226	});
213		227
214	=head2 TIME WATCHERS	228	=head2 TIME WATCHERS
215		229
		230	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => <seconds>, cb => <callback>);
		231
		232	$w = AnyEvent->timer (
		233	after => <fractional_seconds>,
		234	interval => <fractional_seconds>,
		235	cb => <callback>,
		236	);
		237
216	You can create a time watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->timer >>	238	You can create a time watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->timer >>
217	method with the following mandatory arguments:	239	method with the following mandatory arguments:
218		240
219	C<after> specifies after how many seconds (fractional values are	241	C<after> specifies after how many seconds (fractional values are
220	supported) the callback should be invoked. C<cb> is the callback to invoke	242	supported) the callback should be invoked. C<cb> is the callback to invoke
…		…
347		369
348	=back	370	=back
349		371
350	=head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS	372	=head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS
351		373
		374	$w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => <uppercase_signal_name>, cb => <callback>);
		375
352	You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal	376	You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal
353	I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl	377	I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl
354	callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs.	378	callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs.
355		379
356	Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and	380	Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and
…		…
361	invocation, and callback invocation will be synchronous. Synchronous means	385	invocation, and callback invocation will be synchronous. Synchronous means
362	that it might take a while until the signal gets handled by the process,	386	that it might take a while until the signal gets handled by the process,
363	but it is guaranteed not to interrupt any other callbacks.	387	but it is guaranteed not to interrupt any other callbacks.
364		388
365	The main advantage of using these watchers is that you can share a signal	389	The main advantage of using these watchers is that you can share a signal
366	between multiple watchers.	390	between multiple watchers, and AnyEvent will ensure that signals will not
		391	interrupt your program at bad times.
367		392
368	This watcher might use C<%SIG>, so programs overwriting those signals	393	This watcher might use C<%SIG> (depending on the event loop used),
369	directly will likely not work correctly.	394	so programs overwriting those signals directly will likely not work
		395	correctly.
370		396
371	Example: exit on SIGINT	397	Example: exit on SIGINT
372		398
373	my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 });	399	my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 });
374		400
		401	=head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds
		402
		403	Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support attaching
		404	callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot
		405	do race-free signal handling in perl, requiring C libraries for
		406	this. AnyEvent will try to do it's best, which means in some cases,
		407	signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might be delayed is
		408	specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10 seconds). This
		409	variable can be changed only before the first signal watcher is created,
		410	and should be left alone otherwise. This variable determines how often
		411	AnyEvent polls for signals (in case a wake-up was missed). Higher values
		412	will cause fewer spurious wake-ups, which is better for power and CPU
		413	saving.
		414
		415	All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional
		416	L<Async::Interrupt> module, which works with most event loops. It will not
		417	work with inherently broken event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib>
		418	(and not with L<POE> currently, as POE does it's own workaround with
		419	one-second latency). For those, you just have to suffer the delays.
		420
375	=head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS	421	=head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS
376		422
		423	$w = AnyEvent->child (pid => <process id>, cb => <callback>);
		424
377	You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status.	425	You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status.
378		426
379	The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (if set to C<0>, it	427	The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (one some backends,
380	watches for any child process exit). The watcher will triggered only when	428	using C<0> watches for any child process exit, on others this will
381	the child process has finished and an exit status is available, not on	429	croak). The watcher will be triggered only when the child process has
382	any trace events (stopped/continued).	430	finished and an exit status is available, not on any trace events
		431	(stopped/continued).
383		432
384	The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by	433	The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by
385	waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher	434	waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher
386	callback arguments.	435	callback arguments.
387		436
…		…
403		452
404	This means you cannot create a child watcher as the very first	453	This means you cannot create a child watcher as the very first
405	thing in an AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one	454	thing in an AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one
406	watcher before you C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call	455	watcher before you C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call
407	C<AnyEvent::detect>).	456	C<AnyEvent::detect>).
		457
		458	As most event loops do not support waiting for child events, they will be
		459	emulated by AnyEvent in most cases, in which the latency and race problems
		460	mentioned in the description of signal watchers apply.
408		461
409	Example: fork a process and wait for it	462	Example: fork a process and wait for it
410		463
411	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;	464	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;
412		465
…		…
424	# do something else, then wait for process exit	477	# do something else, then wait for process exit
425	$done->recv;	478	$done->recv;
426		479
427	=head2 IDLE WATCHERS	480	=head2 IDLE WATCHERS
428		481
		482	$w = AnyEvent->idle (cb => <callback>);
		483
429	Sometimes there is a need to do something, but it is not so important	484	Sometimes there is a need to do something, but it is not so important
430	to do it instantly, but only when there is nothing better to do. This	485	to do it instantly, but only when there is nothing better to do. This
431	"nothing better to do" is usually defined to be "no other events need	486	"nothing better to do" is usually defined to be "no other events need
432	attention by the event loop".	487	attention by the event loop".
433		488
…		…
459	});	514	});
460	});	515	});
461		516
462	=head2 CONDITION VARIABLES	517	=head2 CONDITION VARIABLES
463		518
		519	$cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
		520
		521	$cv->send (<list>);
		522	my @res = $cv->recv;
		523
464	If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them	524	If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them
465	require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that	525	require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that
466	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.	526	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.
467		527
468	AnyEvent is different, it expects somebody else to run the event loop and	528	AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event
469	will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user).	529	loop and will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user).
470		530
471	The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called	531	The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called
472	because they represent a condition that must become true.	532	because they represent a condition that must become true.
473		533
		534	Now is probably a good time to look at the examples further below.
		535
474	Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar	536	Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar
475	>> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is	537	>> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is
476
477	C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable	538	C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable
478	becomes true, with the condition variable as the first argument (but not	539	becomes true, with the condition variable as the first argument (but not
479	the results).	540	the results).
480		541
481	After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true"	542	After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true"
…		…
486	Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can	547	Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can
487	optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points	548	optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points
488	in time where multiple outstanding events have been processed. And yet	549	in time where multiple outstanding events have been processed. And yet
489	another way to call them is transactions - each condition variable can be	550	another way to call them is transactions - each condition variable can be
490	used to represent a transaction, which finishes at some point and delivers	551	used to represent a transaction, which finishes at some point and delivers
491	a result.	552	a result. And yet some people know them as "futures" - a promise to
		553	compute/deliver something that you can wait for.
492		554
493	Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished,	555	Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished,
494	for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests,	556	for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests,
495	then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the	557	then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the
496	availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is	558	availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is
…		…
530	after => 1,	592	after => 1,
531	cb => sub { $result_ready->send },	593	cb => sub { $result_ready->send },
532	);	594	);
533		595
534	# this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback	596	# this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback
535	# calls send	597	# calls ->send
536	$result_ready->recv;	598	$result_ready->recv;
537		599
538	Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that	600	Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition
539	condition variables are also code references.	601	variables are also callable directly.
540		602
541	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;	603	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;
542	my $delay = AnyEvent->timer (after => 5, cb => $done);	604	my $delay = AnyEvent->timer (after => 5, cb => $done);
543	$done->recv;	605	$done->recv;
544		606
…		…
550		612
551	...	613	...
552		614
553	my @info = $couchdb->info->recv;	615	my @info = $couchdb->info->recv;
554		616
555	And this is how you would just ste a callback to be called whenever the	617	And this is how you would just set a callback to be called whenever the
556	results are available:	618	results are available:
557		619
558	$couchdb->info->cb (sub {	620	$couchdb->info->cb (sub {
559	my @info = $_[0]->recv;	621	my @info = $_[0]->recv;
560	});	622	});
…		…
578	immediately from within send.	640	immediately from within send.
579		641
580	Any arguments passed to the C<send> call will be returned by all	642	Any arguments passed to the C<send> call will be returned by all
581	future C<< ->recv >> calls.	643	future C<< ->recv >> calls.
582		644
583	Condition variables are overloaded so one can call them directly	645	Condition variables are overloaded so one can call them directly (as if
584	(as a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling	646	they were a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling
585	C<send>. Note, however, that many C-based event loops do not handle	647	C<send>.
586	overloading, so as tempting as it may be, passing a condition variable
587	instead of a callback does not work. Both the pure perl and EV loops
588	support overloading, however, as well as all functions that use perl to
589	invoke a callback (as in L<AnyEvent::Socket> and L<AnyEvent::DNS> for
590	example).
591		648
592	=item $cv->croak ($error)	649	=item $cv->croak ($error)
593		650
594	Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke	651	Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke
595	C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar.	652	C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar.
596		653
597	This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable	654	This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable
598	user/consumer.	655	user/consumer. Doing it this way instead of calling C<croak> directly
		656	delays the error detetcion, but has the overwhelmign advantage that it
		657	diagnoses the error at the place where the result is expected, and not
		658	deep in some event clalback without connection to the actual code causing
		659	the problem.
599		660
600	=item $cv->begin ([group callback])	661	=item $cv->begin ([group callback])
601		662
602	=item $cv->end	663	=item $cv->end
603		664
…		…
605	one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want	666	one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want
606	to use a condition variable for the whole process.	667	to use a condition variable for the whole process.
607		668
608	Every call to C<< ->begin >> will increment a counter, and every call to	669	Every call to C<< ->begin >> will increment a counter, and every call to
609	C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end	670	C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end
610	>>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback	671	>>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed, passing the
611	is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no	672	condvar as first argument. That callback is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send
612	callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments.	673	>>, but that is not required. If no group callback was set, C<send> will
		674	be called without any arguments.
613		675
614	You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call	676	You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call
615	sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND	677	sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND
616	condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends).	678	condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends).
617		679
…		…
644	begung can potentially be zero:	706	begung can potentially be zero:
645		707
646	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	708	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
647		709
648	my %result;	710	my %result;
649	$cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) });	711	$cv->begin (sub { shift->send (\%result) });
650		712
651	for my $host (@list_of_hosts) {	713	for my $host (@list_of_hosts) {
652	$cv->begin;	714	$cv->begin;
653	ping_host_then_call_callback $host, sub {	715	ping_host_then_call_callback $host, sub {
654	$result{$host} = ...;	716	$result{$host} = ...;
…		…
699	function will call C<croak>.	761	function will call C<croak>.
700		762
701	In list context, all parameters passed to C<send> will be returned,	763	In list context, all parameters passed to C<send> will be returned,
702	in scalar context only the first one will be returned.	764	in scalar context only the first one will be returned.
703		765
		766	Note that doing a blocking wait in a callback is not supported by any
		767	event loop, that is, recursive invocation of a blocking C<< ->recv
		768	>> is not allowed, and the C<recv> call will C<croak> if such a
		769	condition is detected. This condition can be slightly loosened by using
		770	L<Coro::AnyEvent>, which allows you to do a blocking C<< ->recv >> from
		771	any thread that doesn't run the event loop itself.
		772
704	Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case	773	Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case
705	(programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are	774	(programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are
706	using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>, but let the	775	using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>. Instead, let the
707	caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling	776	caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling
708	condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting	777	condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting
709	callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block,	778	callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block,
710	while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires).	779	while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires).
711		780
712	Another reason I<never> to C<< ->recv >> in a module is that you cannot
713	sensibly have two C<< ->recv >>'s in parallel, as that would require
714	multiple interpreters or coroutines/threads, none of which C<AnyEvent>
715	can supply.
716
717	The L<Coro> module, however, I<can> and I<does> supply coroutines and, in
718	fact, L<Coro::AnyEvent> replaces AnyEvent's condvars by coroutine-safe
719	versions and also integrates coroutines into AnyEvent, making blocking
720	C<< ->recv >> calls perfectly safe as long as they are done from another
721	coroutine (one that doesn't run the event loop).
722
723	You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and	781	You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and
724	only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later	782	only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later
725	time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking	783	time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking
726	waits otherwise.	784	waits otherwise.
727		785
…		…
733	=item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv))	791	=item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv))
734		792
735	This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally	793	This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally
736	replaces it before doing so.	794	replaces it before doing so.
737		795
738	The callback will be called when the condition becomes "true", i.e. when	796	The callback will be called when the condition becomes (or already was)
739	C<send> or C<croak> are called, with the only argument being the condition	797	"true", i.e. when C<send> or C<croak> are called (or were called), with
740	variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time	798	the only argument being the condition variable itself. Calling C<recv>
741	is guaranteed not to block.	799	inside the callback or at any later time is guaranteed not to block.
742		800
743	=back	801	=back
744		802
745	=head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS	803	=head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS
746		804
…		…
749	=over 4	807	=over 4
750		808
751	=item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found.	809	=item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found.
752		810
753	EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in	811	EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in
754	use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will try Event, and, failing	812	use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will fall back to its own
755	that, will fall back to its own pure-perl implementation, which is	813	pure-perl implementation, which is available everywhere as it comes with
756	available everywhere as it comes with AnyEvent itself.	814	AnyEvent itself.
757		815
758	AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice).	816	AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice).
759	AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches.
760	AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable.	817	AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable.
761		818
762	=item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used.	819	=item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used.
763		820
764	These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher	821	These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher
765	is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using	822	is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using
766	them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend	823	them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend
767	when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to	824	when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to
768	create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program.	825	create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program.
769		826
		827	AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches.
770	AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable.	828	AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable.
771	AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken.	829	AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken.
772	AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.	830	AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.
773	AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations.	831	AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations.
		832	AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi used when running within irssi.
774		833
775	=item Backends with special needs.	834	=item Backends with special needs.
776		835
777	Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will	836	Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will
778	otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program	837	otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program
…		…
852	event module detection too early, for example, L<AnyEvent::AIO> creates	911	event module detection too early, for example, L<AnyEvent::AIO> creates
853	and installs the global L<IO::AIO> watcher in a C<post_detect> block to	912	and installs the global L<IO::AIO> watcher in a C<post_detect> block to
854	avoid autodetecting the event module at load time.	913	avoid autodetecting the event module at load time.
855		914
856	If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object	915	If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object
857	that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed. See	916	that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed (or
		917	C<undef> when the hook was immediately executed). See L<AnyEvent::AIO> for
858	L<Coro::BDB> for a case where this is useful.	918	a case where this is useful.
		919
		920	Example: Create a watcher for the IO::AIO module and store it in
		921	C<$WATCHER>. Only do so after the event loop is initialised, though.
		922
		923	our WATCHER;
		924
		925	my $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect {
		926	$WATCHER = AnyEvent->io (fh => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, poll => 'r', cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		927	};
		928
		929	# the \|\|= is important in case post_detect immediately runs the block,
		930	# as to not clobber the newly-created watcher. assigning both watcher and
		931	# post_detect guard to the same variable has the advantage of users being
		932	# able to just C<undef $WATCHER> if the watcher causes them grief.
		933
		934	$WATCHER \|\|= $guard;
859		935
860	=item @AnyEvent::post_detect	936	=item @AnyEvent::post_detect
861		937
862	If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it	938	If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it
863	before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after	939	before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after
…		…
1028		1104
1029	=cut	1105	=cut
1030		1106
1031	package AnyEvent;	1107	package AnyEvent;
1032		1108
1033	no warnings;	1109	# basically a tuned-down version of common::sense
		1110	sub common_sense {
		1111	# from common:.sense 1.0
		1112	${^WARNING_BITS} = "\xfc\x3f\xf3\x00\x0f\xf3\xcf\xc0\xf3\xfc\x33\x03";
1034	use strict qw(vars subs);	1113	# use strict vars subs
		1114	$^H \|= 0x00000600;
		1115	}
1035		1116
		1117	BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		1118
1036	use Carp;	1119	use Carp ();
1037		1120
1038	our $VERSION = 4.82;	1121	our $VERSION = '5.12';
1039	our $MODEL;	1122	our $MODEL;
1040		1123
1041	our $AUTOLOAD;	1124	our $AUTOLOAD;
1042	our @ISA;	1125	our @ISA;
1043		1126
1044	our @REGISTRY;	1127	our @REGISTRY;
1045		1128
1046	our $WIN32;	1129	our $WIN32;
		1130
		1131	our $VERBOSE;
1047		1132
1048	BEGIN {	1133	BEGIN {
1049	eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }";	1134	eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }";
1050	eval "sub TAINT(){ " . (${^TAINT}*1) . " }";	1135	eval "sub TAINT(){ " . (${^TAINT}*1) . " }";
1051		1136
1052	delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV}	1137	delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV}
1053	if ${^TAINT};	1138	if ${^TAINT};
1054	}
1055		1139
1056	our $verbose = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1;	1140	$VERBOSE = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1;
		1141
		1142	}
		1143
		1144	our $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY = 10;
1057		1145
1058	our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4\|ipv6) => (1\|2), higher numbers are preferred	1146	our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4\|ipv6) => (1\|2), higher numbers are preferred
1059		1147
1060	{	1148	{
1061	my $idx;	1149	my $idx;
…		…
1063	for reverse split /\s,\s/,	1151	for reverse split /\s,\s/,
1064	$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} \|\| "ipv4,ipv6";	1152	$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} \|\| "ipv4,ipv6";
1065	}	1153	}
1066		1154
1067	my @models = (	1155	my @models = (
1068	[EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV::],	1156	[EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV:: , 1],
1069	[Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::],
1070	[AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::],	1157	[AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: , 1],
1071	# everything below here will not be autoprobed	1158	# everything below here will not (normally) be autoprobed
1072	# as the pureperl backend should work everywhere	1159	# as the pureperl backend should work everywhere
1073	# and is usually faster	1160	# and is usually faster
		1161	[Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::, 1],
1074	[Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers	1162	[Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib:: , 1], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers
1075	[Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy	1163	[Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy
		1164	[Irssi:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi::], # Irssi has a bogus "Event" package
1076	[Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles	1165	[Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles
		1166	[Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program
1077	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza	1167	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza
1078	[Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program
1079	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],	1168	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
1080	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],	1169	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
1081	# IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its	1170	# IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its
1082	# byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others.	1171	# byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others.
1083	# IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any	1172	# IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any
1084	# obvious default class.	1173	# obvious default class.
1085	# [IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1174	[IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1086	# [IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1175	[IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1087	# [IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1176	[IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
		1177	[AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1088	);	1178	);
1089		1179
1090	our %method = map +($_ => 1),	1180	our %method = map +($_ => 1),
1091	qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY);	1181	qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY);
1092		1182
…		…
1096	my ($cb) = @_;	1186	my ($cb) = @_;
1097		1187
1098	if ($MODEL) {	1188	if ($MODEL) {
1099	$cb->();	1189	$cb->();
1100		1190
1101	1	1191	undef
1102	} else {	1192	} else {
1103	push @post_detect, $cb;	1193	push @post_detect, $cb;
1104		1194
1105	defined wantarray	1195	defined wantarray
1106	? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect"	1196	? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect"
…		…
1112	@post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect;	1202	@post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect;
1113	}	1203	}
1114		1204
1115	sub detect() {	1205	sub detect() {
1116	unless ($MODEL) {	1206	unless ($MODEL) {
1117	no strict 'refs';
1118	local $SIG{__DIE__};	1207	local $SIG{__DIE__};
1119		1208
1120	if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) {	1209	if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) {
1121	my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1";	1210	my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1";
1122	if (eval "require $model") {	1211	if (eval "require $model") {
1123	$MODEL = $model;	1212	$MODEL = $model;
1124	warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL), using it.\n" if $verbose > 1;	1213	warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}), using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1125	} else {	1214	} else {
1126	warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL):\n$@" if $verbose;	1215	warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}):\n$@" if $VERBOSE;
1127	}	1216	}
1128	}	1217	}
1129		1218
1130	# check for already loaded models	1219	# check for already loaded models
1131	unless ($MODEL) {	1220	unless ($MODEL) {
1132	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {	1221	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1133	my ($package, $model) = @$_;	1222	my ($package, $model) = @$_;
1134	if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) {	1223	if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) {
1135	if (eval "require $model") {	1224	if (eval "require $model") {
1136	$MODEL = $model;	1225	$MODEL = $model;
1137	warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $verbose > 1;	1226	warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1138	last;	1227	last;
1139	}	1228	}
1140	}	1229	}
1141	}	1230	}
1142		1231
1143	unless ($MODEL) {	1232	unless ($MODEL) {
1144	# try to load a model	1233	# try to autoload a model
1145
1146	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {	1234	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1147	my ($package, $model) = @$_;	1235	my ($package, $model, $autoload) = @$_;
		1236	if (
		1237	$autoload
1148	if (eval "require $package"	1238	and eval "require $package"
1149	and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0	1239	and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0
1150	and eval "require $model") {	1240	and eval "require $model"
		1241	) {
1151	$MODEL = $model;	1242	$MODEL = $model;
1152	warn "AnyEvent: autoprobed model '$model', using it.\n" if $verbose > 1;	1243	warn "AnyEvent: autoloaded model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1153	last;	1244	last;
1154	}	1245	}
1155	}	1246	}
1156		1247
1157	$MODEL	1248	$MODEL
…		…
1173		1264
1174	sub AUTOLOAD {	1265	sub AUTOLOAD {
1175	(my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://;	1266	(my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://;
1176		1267
1177	$method{$func}	1268	$method{$func}
1178	or croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects";	1269	or Carp::croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects";
1179		1270
1180	detect unless $MODEL;	1271	detect unless $MODEL;
1181		1272
1182	my $class = shift;	1273	my $class = shift;
1183	$class->$func (@_);	1274	$class->$func (@_);
…		…
1188	# allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one).	1279	# allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one).
1189	sub _dupfh($$;$$) {	1280	sub _dupfh($$;$$) {
1190	my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_;	1281	my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_;
1191		1282
1192	# cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't	1283	# cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't
1193	my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<") : ($w, ">");	1284	my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<&") : ($w, ">&");
1194		1285
1195	open my $fh2, "$mode&", $fh	1286	open my $fh2, $mode, $fh
1196	or die "AnyEvent->io: cannot dup() filehandle in mode '$poll': $!,";	1287	or die "AnyEvent->io: cannot dup() filehandle in mode '$poll': $!,";
1197		1288
1198	# we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases	1289	# we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases
1199		1290
1200	($fh2, $rw)	1291	($fh2, $rw)
1201	}	1292	}
1202		1293
		1294	=head1 SIMPLIFIED AE API
		1295
		1296	Starting with version 5.0, AnyEvent officially supports a second, much
		1297	simpler, API that is designed to reduce the calling, typing and memory
		1298	overhead.
		1299
		1300	See the L<AE> manpage for details.
		1301
		1302	=cut
		1303
		1304	package AE;
		1305
		1306	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
		1307
		1308	sub io($$$) {
		1309	AnyEvent->io (fh => $_[0], poll => $_[1] ? "w" : "r", cb => $_[2])
		1310	}
		1311
		1312	sub timer($$$) {
		1313	AnyEvent->timer (after => $_[0], interval => $_[1], cb => $_[2])
		1314	}
		1315
		1316	sub signal($$) {
		1317	AnyEvent->signal (signal => $_[0], cb => $_[1])
		1318	}
		1319
		1320	sub child($$) {
		1321	AnyEvent->child (pid => $_[0], cb => $_[1])
		1322	}
		1323
		1324	sub idle($) {
		1325	AnyEvent->idle (cb => $_[0])
		1326	}
		1327
		1328	sub cv(;&) {
		1329	AnyEvent->condvar (@_ ? (cb => $_[0]) : ())
		1330	}
		1331
		1332	sub now() {
		1333	AnyEvent->now
		1334	}
		1335
		1336	sub now_update() {
		1337	AnyEvent->now_update
		1338	}
		1339
		1340	sub time() {
		1341	AnyEvent->time
		1342	}
		1343
1203	package AnyEvent::Base;	1344	package AnyEvent::Base;
1204		1345
1205	# default implementations for many methods	1346	# default implementations for many methods
1206		1347
1207	BEGIN {	1348	sub _time() {
		1349	# probe for availability of Time::HiRes
1208	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {	1350	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {
		1351	warn "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1209	*_time = \&Time::HiRes::time;	1352	*_time = \&Time::HiRes::time;
1210	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...	1353	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...
1211	} else {	1354	} else {
		1355	warn "AnyEvent: using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!\n" if $VERBOSE;
1212	*_time = sub { time }; # epic fail	1356	*_time = sub { time }; # epic fail
1213	}	1357	}
		1358
		1359	&_time
1214	}	1360	}
1215		1361
1216	sub time { _time }	1362	sub time { _time }
1217	sub now { _time }	1363	sub now { _time }
1218	sub now_update { }	1364	sub now_update { }
…		…
1223	bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"	1369	bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"
1224	}	1370	}
1225		1371
1226	# default implementation for ->signal	1372	# default implementation for ->signal
1227		1373
		1374	our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;
		1375
		1376	sub _have_async_interrupt() {
		1377	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT = 1*(!$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT}
		1378	&& eval "use Async::Interrupt 1.02 (); 1")
		1379	unless defined $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;
		1380
		1381	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1382	}
		1383
1228	our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO);	1384	our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO);
		1385	our (%SIG_ASY, %SIG_ASY_W);
		1386	our ($SIG_COUNT, $SIG_TW);
1229		1387
1230	sub _signal_exec {	1388	sub _signal_exec {
		1389	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1390	? $SIGPIPE_R->drain
1231	sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 4;	1391	: sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 9;
1232		1392
1233	while (%SIG_EV) {	1393	while (%SIG_EV) {
1234	for (keys %SIG_EV) {	1394	for (keys %SIG_EV) {
1235	delete $SIG_EV{$_};	1395	delete $SIG_EV{$_};
1236	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} \|\| {} };	1396	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} \|\| {} };
1237	}	1397	}
1238	}	1398	}
1239	}	1399	}
1240		1400
		1401	# install a dummy wakeup watcher to reduce signal catching latency
		1402	sub _sig_add() {
		1403	unless ($SIG_COUNT++) {
		1404	# try to align timer on a full-second boundary, if possible
		1405	my $NOW = AE::now;
		1406
		1407	$SIG_TW = AE::timer
		1408	$MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY - ($NOW - int $NOW),
		1409	$MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY,
		1410	sub { } # just for the PERL_ASYNC_CHECK
		1411	;
		1412	}
		1413	}
		1414
		1415	sub _sig_del {
		1416	undef $SIG_TW
		1417	unless --$SIG_COUNT;
		1418	}
		1419
		1420	our $_sig_name_init; $_sig_name_init = sub {
		1421	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading
		1422	undef $_sig_name_init;
		1423
		1424	if (_have_async_interrupt) {
		1425	*sig2num = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2num;
		1426	*sig2name = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2name;
		1427	} else {
		1428	require Config;
		1429
		1430	my %signame2num;
		1431	@signame2num{ split ' ', $Config::Config{sig_name} }
		1432	= split ' ', $Config::Config{sig_num};
		1433
		1434	my @signum2name;
		1435	@signum2name[values %signame2num] = keys %signame2num;
		1436
		1437	*sig2num = sub($) {
		1438	$_[0] > 0 ? shift : $signame2num{+shift}
		1439	};
		1440	*sig2name = sub ($) {
		1441	$_[0] > 0 ? $signum2name[+shift] : shift
		1442	};
		1443	}
		1444	};
		1445	die if $@;
		1446	};
		1447
		1448	sub sig2num ($) { &$_sig_name_init; &sig2num }
		1449	sub sig2name($) { &$_sig_name_init; &sig2name }
		1450
1241	sub signal {	1451	sub signal {
1242	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1452	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
		1453	# probe for availability of Async::Interrupt
		1454	if (_have_async_interrupt) {
		1455	warn "AnyEvent: using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1243		1456
1244	unless ($SIGPIPE_R) {	1457	$SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe;
1245	require Fcntl;	1458	$SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, 0, \&_signal_exec;
1246		1459
1247	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {
1248	require AnyEvent::Util;
1249
1250	($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe ();
1251	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R) if $SIGPIPE_R;
1252	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
1253	} else {	1460	} else {
		1461	warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
		1462
		1463	require Fcntl;
		1464
		1465	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {
		1466	require AnyEvent::Util;
		1467
		1468	($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe ();
		1469	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R, 1) if $SIGPIPE_R;
		1470	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W, 1) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
		1471	} else {
1254	pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W;	1472	pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W;
1255	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R;	1473	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R;
1256	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case	1474	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
1257		1475
1258	# not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure...	1476	# not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure...
1259	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;	1477	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
1260	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;	1478	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
		1479	}
		1480
		1481	$SIGPIPE_R
		1482	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";
		1483
		1484	$SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R, 0, \&_signal_exec;
1261	}	1485	}
1262		1486
1263	$SIGPIPE_R	1487	*signal = sub {
1264	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";	1488	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
1265		1489
1266	$SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec);
1267	}
1268
1269	my $signal = uc $arg{signal}	1490	my $signal = uc $arg{signal}
1270	or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing";	1491	or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing";
1271		1492
		1493	if ($HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT) {
		1494	# async::interrupt
		1495
		1496	$signal = sig2num $signal;
1272	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};	1497	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
		1498
		1499	$SIG_ASY{$signal} \|\|= new Async::Interrupt
		1500	cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} },
		1501	signal => $signal,
		1502	pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos],
		1503	pipe_autodrain => 0,
		1504	;
		1505
		1506	} else {
		1507	# pure perl
		1508
		1509	# AE::Util has been loaded in signal
		1510	$signal = sig2name $signal;
		1511	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
		1512
1273	$SIG{$signal} \|\|= sub {	1513	$SIG{$signal} \|\|= sub {
1274	local $!;	1514	local $!;
1275	syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV;	1515	syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV;
1276	undef $SIG_EV{$signal};	1516	undef $SIG_EV{$signal};
		1517	};
		1518
		1519	# can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl,
		1520	# so limit the signal latency.
		1521	_sig_add;
		1522	}
		1523
		1524	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"
		1525	};
		1526
		1527	*AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY = sub {
		1528	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
		1529
		1530	_sig_del;
		1531
		1532	delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};
		1533
		1534	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1535	? delete $SIG_ASY{$signal}
		1536	: # delete doesn't work with older perls - they then
		1537	# print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit
		1538	# instead of getting the default action.
		1539	undef $SIG{$signal}
		1540	unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };
		1541	};
1277	};	1542	};
1278		1543	die if $@;
1279	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"	1544	&signal
1280	}
1281
1282	sub AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY {
1283	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
1284
1285	delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};
1286
1287	# delete doesn't work with older perls - they then
1288	# print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit
1289	# instead of getting the default action.
1290	undef $SIG{$signal} unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };
1291	}	1545	}
1292		1546
1293	# default implementation for ->child	1547	# default implementation for ->child
1294		1548
1295	our %PID_CB;	1549	our %PID_CB;
1296	our $CHLD_W;	1550	our $CHLD_W;
1297	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;	1551	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;
1298	our $WNOHANG;	1552	our $WNOHANG;
1299		1553
		1554	sub _emit_childstatus($$) {
		1555	my (undef, $rpid, $rstatus) = @_;
		1556
		1557	$_->($rpid, $rstatus)
		1558	for values %{ $PID_CB{$rpid} \|\| {} },
		1559	values %{ $PID_CB{0} \|\| {} };
		1560	}
		1561
1300	sub _sigchld {	1562	sub _sigchld {
		1563	my $pid;
		1564
		1565	AnyEvent->_emit_childstatus ($pid, $?)
1301	while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) {	1566	while ($pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG) > 0;
1302	$_->($pid, $?) for (values %{ $PID_CB{$pid} \|\| {} }),
1303	(values %{ $PID_CB{0} \|\| {} });
1304	}
1305	}	1567	}
1306		1568
1307	sub child {	1569	sub child {
1308	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1570	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
1309		1571
1310	defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0)	1572	defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0)
1311	or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing";	1573	or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing";
1312		1574
1313	$PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};	1575	$PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
1314		1576
		1577	# WNOHANG is almost cetrainly 1 everywhere
		1578	$WNOHANG \|\|= $^O =~ /^(?:openbsd\|netbsd\|linux\|freebsd\|cygwin\|MSWin32)$/
		1579	? 1
1315	$WNOHANG \|\|= eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } \|\| 1;	1580	: eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } \|\| 1;
1316		1581
1317	unless ($CHLD_W) {	1582	unless ($CHLD_W) {
1318	$CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld);	1583	$CHLD_W = AE::signal CHLD => \&_sigchld;
1319	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round	1584	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round
1320	&_sigchld;	1585	&_sigchld;
1321	}	1586	}
1322		1587
1323	bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child"	1588	bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child"
…		…
1349	# never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher,	1614	# never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher,
1350	# within some limits	1615	# within some limits
1351	$w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001;	1616	$w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001;
1352	$w = 5 if $w > 5;	1617	$w = 5 if $w > 5;
1353		1618
1354	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $w, cb => $rcb);	1619	$w = AE::timer $w, 0, $rcb;
1355	} else {	1620	} else {
1356	# clean up...	1621	# clean up...
1357	undef $w;	1622	undef $w;
1358	undef $rcb;	1623	undef $rcb;
1359	}	1624	}
1360	};	1625	};
1361		1626
1362	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 0.05, cb => $rcb);	1627	$w = AE::timer 0.05, 0, $rcb;
1363		1628
1364	bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle"	1629	bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle"
1365	}	1630	}
1366		1631
1367	sub AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY {	1632	sub AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY {
…		…
1372		1637
1373	our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::;	1638	our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::;
1374		1639
1375	package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base;	1640	package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base;
1376		1641
1377	use overload	1642	#use overload
1378	'&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } },	1643	# '&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } },
1379	fallback => 1;	1644	# fallback => 1;
		1645
		1646	# save 300+ kilobytes by dirtily hardcoding overloading
		1647	${"AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::OVERLOAD"}{dummy}++; # Register with magic by touching.
		1648	*{'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::()'} = sub { }; # "Make it findable via fetchmethod."
		1649	*{'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::(&{}'} = sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } }; # &{}
		1650	${'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::()'} = 1; # fallback
		1651
		1652	our $WAITING;
1380		1653
1381	sub _send {	1654	sub _send {
1382	# nop	1655	# nop
1383	}	1656	}
1384		1657
…		…
1397	sub ready {	1670	sub ready {
1398	$_[0]{_ae_sent}	1671	$_[0]{_ae_sent}
1399	}	1672	}
1400		1673
1401	sub _wait {	1674	sub _wait {
		1675	$WAITING
		1676	and !$_[0]{_ae_sent}
		1677	and Carp::croak "AnyEvent::CondVar: recursive blocking wait detected";
		1678
		1679	local $WAITING = 1;
1402	AnyEvent->one_event while !$_[0]{_ae_sent};	1680	AnyEvent->one_event while !$_[0]{_ae_sent};
1403	}	1681	}
1404		1682
1405	sub recv {	1683	sub recv {
1406	$_[0]->_wait;	1684	$_[0]->_wait;
…		…
1408	Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak} if $_[0]{_ae_croak};	1686	Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak} if $_[0]{_ae_croak};
1409	wantarray ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0]	1687	wantarray ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0]
1410	}	1688	}
1411		1689
1412	sub cb {	1690	sub cb {
1413	$_[0]{_ae_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;	1691	my $cv = shift;
		1692
		1693	@_
		1694	and $cv->{_ae_cb} = shift
		1695	and $cv->{_ae_sent}
		1696	and (delete $cv->{_ae_cb})->($cv);
		1697
1414	$_[0]{_ae_cb}	1698	$cv->{_ae_cb}
1415	}	1699	}
1416		1700
1417	sub begin {	1701	sub begin {
1418	++$_[0]{_ae_counter};	1702	++$_[0]{_ae_counter};
1419	$_[0]{_ae_end_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;	1703	$_[0]{_ae_end_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;
…		…
1468	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>.	1752	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>.
1469		1753
1470	When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event	1754	When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event
1471	model it chooses.	1755	model it chooses.
1472		1756
		1757	When set to C<8> or higher, then AnyEvent will report extra information on
		1758	which optional modules it loads and how it implements certain features.
		1759
1473	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT>	1760	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT>
1474		1761
1475	AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough	1762	AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough
1476	argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value	1763	argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value
1477	will cause AnyEvent to load C<AnyEvent::Strict> and then to thoroughly	1764	will cause AnyEvent to load C<AnyEvent::Strict> and then to thoroughly
1478	check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems,	1765	check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems,
1479	it will croak.	1766	it will croak.
1480		1767
1481	In other words, enables "strict" mode.	1768	In other words, enables "strict" mode.
1482		1769
1483	Unlike C<use strict>, it is definitely recommended to keep it off in	1770	Unlike C<use strict> (or it's modern cousin, C<< use L<common::sense>
1484	production. Keeping C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while	1771	>>, it is definitely recommended to keep it off in production. Keeping
1485	developing programs can be very useful, however.	1772	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while developing programs
		1773	can be very useful, however.
1486		1774
1487	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>	1775	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>
1488		1776
1489	This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before	1777	This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before
1490	auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting	1778	auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting
…		…
1552		1840
1553	When neither C<ca_file> nor C<ca_path> was specified during	1841	When neither C<ca_file> nor C<ca_path> was specified during
1554	L<AnyEvent::TLS> context creation, and either of these environment	1842	L<AnyEvent::TLS> context creation, and either of these environment
1555	variables exist, they will be used to specify CA certificate locations	1843	variables exist, they will be used to specify CA certificate locations
1556	instead of a system-dependent default.	1844	instead of a system-dependent default.
		1845
		1846	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_GUARD> and C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT>
		1847
		1848	When these are set to C<1>, then the respective modules are not
		1849	loaded. Mostly good for testing AnyEvent itself.
1557		1850
1558	=back	1851	=back
1559		1852
1560	=head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE	1853	=head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE
1561		1854
…		…
1619	warn "read: $input\n"; # output what has been read	1912	warn "read: $input\n"; # output what has been read
1620	$cv->send if $input =~ /^q/i; # quit program if /^q/i	1913	$cv->send if $input =~ /^q/i; # quit program if /^q/i
1621	},	1914	},
1622	);	1915	);
1623		1916
1624	my $time_watcher; # can only be used once
1625
1626	sub new_timer {
1627	$timer = AnyEvent->timer (after => 1, cb => sub {	1917	my $time_watcher = AnyEvent->timer (after => 1, interval => 1, cb => sub {
1628	warn "timeout\n"; # print 'timeout' about every second	1918	warn "timeout\n"; # print 'timeout' at most every second
1629	&new_timer; # and restart the time
1630	});	1919	});
1631	}
1632
1633	new_timer; # create first timer
1634		1920
1635	$cv->recv; # wait until user enters /^q/i	1921	$cv->recv; # wait until user enters /^q/i
1636		1922
1637	=head1 REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE	1923	=head1 REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE
1638		1924
…		…
1769	through AnyEvent. The benchmark creates a lot of timers (with a zero	2055	through AnyEvent. The benchmark creates a lot of timers (with a zero
1770	timeout) and I/O watchers (watching STDOUT, a pty, to become writable,	2056	timeout) and I/O watchers (watching STDOUT, a pty, to become writable,
1771	which it is), lets them fire exactly once and destroys them again.	2057	which it is), lets them fire exactly once and destroys them again.
1772		2058
1773	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench> in the AnyEvent	2059	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench> in the AnyEvent
1774	distribution.	2060	distribution. It uses the L<AE> interface, which makes a real difference
		2061	for the EV and Perl backends only.
1775		2062
1776	=head3 Explanation of the columns	2063	=head3 Explanation of the columns
1777		2064
1778	I<watcher> is the number of event watchers created/destroyed. Since	2065	I<watcher> is the number of event watchers created/destroyed. Since
1779	different event models feature vastly different performances, each event	2066	different event models feature vastly different performances, each event
…		…
1800	watcher.	2087	watcher.
1801		2088
1802	=head3 Results	2089	=head3 Results
1803		2090
1804	name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment	2091	name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment
1805	EV/EV 400000 224 0.47 0.35 0.27 EV native interface	2092	EV/EV 100000 223 0.47 0.43 0.27 EV native interface
1806	EV/Any 100000 224 2.88 0.34 0.27 EV + AnyEvent watchers	2093	EV/Any 100000 223 0.48 0.42 0.26 EV + AnyEvent watchers
1807	CoroEV/Any 100000 224 2.85 0.35 0.28 coroutines + Coro::Signal	2094	Coro::EV/Any 100000 223 0.47 0.42 0.26 coroutines + Coro::Signal
1808	Perl/Any 100000 452 4.13 0.73 0.95 pure perl implementation	2095	Perl/Any 100000 431 2.70 0.74 0.92 pure perl implementation
1809	Event/Event 16000 517 32.20 31.80 0.81 Event native interface	2096	Event/Event 16000 516 31.16 31.84 0.82 Event native interface
1810	Event/Any 16000 590 35.85 31.55 1.06 Event + AnyEvent watchers	2097	Event/Any 16000 1203 42.61 34.79 1.80 Event + AnyEvent watchers
1811	IOAsync/Any 16000 989 38.10 32.77 11.13 via IO::Async::Loop::IO_Poll	2098	IOAsync/Any 16000 1911 41.92 27.45 16.81 via IO::Async::Loop::IO_Poll
1812	IOAsync/Any 16000 990 37.59 29.50 10.61 via IO::Async::Loop::Epoll	2099	IOAsync/Any 16000 1726 40.69 26.37 15.25 via IO::Async::Loop::Epoll
1813	Glib/Any 16000 1357 102.33 12.31 51.00 quadratic behaviour	2100	Glib/Any 16000 1118 89.00 12.57 51.17 quadratic behaviour
1814	Tk/Any 2000 1860 27.20 66.31 14.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers	2101	Tk/Any 2000 1346 20.96 10.75 8.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers
1815	POE/Event 2000 6328 109.99 751.67 14.02 via POE::Loop::Event	2102	POE/Any 2000 6951 108.97 795.32 14.24 via POE::Loop::Event
1816	POE/Select 2000 6027 94.54 809.13 579.80 via POE::Loop::Select	2103	POE/Any 2000 6648 94.79 774.40 575.51 via POE::Loop::Select
1817		2104
1818	=head3 Discussion	2105	=head3 Discussion
1819		2106
1820	The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very	2107	The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very
1821	well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one)	2108	well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one)
…		…
1833	benchmark machine, handling an event takes roughly 1600 CPU cycles with	2120	benchmark machine, handling an event takes roughly 1600 CPU cycles with
1834	EV, 3100 CPU cycles with AnyEvent's pure perl loop and almost 3000000 CPU	2121	EV, 3100 CPU cycles with AnyEvent's pure perl loop and almost 3000000 CPU
1835	cycles with POE.	2122	cycles with POE.
1836		2123
1837	C<EV> is the sole leader regarding speed and memory use, which are both	2124	C<EV> is the sole leader regarding speed and memory use, which are both
1838	maximal/minimal, respectively. Even when going through AnyEvent, it uses	2125	maximal/minimal, respectively. When using the L<AE> API there is zero
		2126	overhead (when going through the AnyEvent API create is about 5-6 times
		2127	slower, with other times being equal, so still uses far less memory than
1839	far less memory than any other event loop and is still faster than Event	2128	any other event loop and is still faster than Event natively).
1840	natively.
1841		2129
1842	The pure perl implementation is hit in a few sweet spots (both the	2130	The pure perl implementation is hit in a few sweet spots (both the
1843	constant timeout and the use of a single fd hit optimisations in the perl	2131	constant timeout and the use of a single fd hit optimisations in the perl
1844	interpreter and the backend itself). Nevertheless this shows that it	2132	interpreter and the backend itself). Nevertheless this shows that it
1845	adds very little overhead in itself. Like any select-based backend its	2133	adds very little overhead in itself. Like any select-based backend its
…		…
1919	In this benchmark, we use 10000 socket pairs (20000 sockets), of which 100	2207	In this benchmark, we use 10000 socket pairs (20000 sockets), of which 100
1920	(1%) are active. This mirrors the activity of large servers with many	2208	(1%) are active. This mirrors the activity of large servers with many
1921	connections, most of which are idle at any one point in time.	2209	connections, most of which are idle at any one point in time.
1922		2210
1923	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench2> in the AnyEvent	2211	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench2> in the AnyEvent
1924	distribution.	2212	distribution. It uses the L<AE> interface, which makes a real difference
		2213	for the EV and Perl backends only.
1925		2214
1926	=head3 Explanation of the columns	2215	=head3 Explanation of the columns
1927		2216
1928	I<sockets> is the number of sockets, and twice the number of "servers" (as	2217	I<sockets> is the number of sockets, and twice the number of "servers" (as
1929	each server has a read and write socket end).	2218	each server has a read and write socket end).
…		…
1937	a new one that moves the timeout into the future.	2226	a new one that moves the timeout into the future.
1938		2227
1939	=head3 Results	2228	=head3 Results
1940		2229
1941	name sockets create request	2230	name sockets create request
1942	EV 20000 69.01 11.16	2231	EV 20000 62.66 7.99
1943	Perl 20000 73.32 35.87	2232	Perl 20000 68.32 32.64
1944	IOAsync 20000 157.00 98.14 epoll	2233	IOAsync 20000 174.06 101.15 epoll
1945	IOAsync 20000 159.31 616.06 poll	2234	IOAsync 20000 174.67 610.84 poll
1946	Event 20000 212.62 257.32	2235	Event 20000 202.69 242.91
1947	Glib 20000 651.16 1896.30	2236	Glib 20000 557.01 1689.52
1948	POE 20000 349.67 12317.24 uses POE::Loop::Event	2237	POE 20000 341.54 12086.32 uses POE::Loop::Event
1949		2238
1950	=head3 Discussion	2239	=head3 Discussion
1951		2240
1952	This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the	2241	This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the
1953	particular event loop.	2242	particular event loop.
…		…
2079	As you can see, the AnyEvent + EV combination even beats the	2368	As you can see, the AnyEvent + EV combination even beats the
2080	hand-optimised "raw sockets benchmark", while AnyEvent + its pure perl	2369	hand-optimised "raw sockets benchmark", while AnyEvent + its pure perl
2081	backend easily beats IO::Lambda and POE.	2370	backend easily beats IO::Lambda and POE.
2082		2371
2083	And even the 100% non-blocking version written using the high-level (and	2372	And even the 100% non-blocking version written using the high-level (and
2084	slow :) L<AnyEvent::Handle> abstraction beats both POE and IO::Lambda by a	2373	slow :) L<AnyEvent::Handle> abstraction beats both POE and IO::Lambda
2085	large margin, even though it does all of DNS, tcp-connect and socket I/O	2374	higher level ("unoptimised") abstractions by a large margin, even though
2086	in a non-blocking way.	2375	it does all of DNS, tcp-connect and socket I/O in a non-blocking way.
2087		2376
2088	The two AnyEvent benchmarks programs can be found as F<eg/ae0.pl> and	2377	The two AnyEvent benchmarks programs can be found as F<eg/ae0.pl> and
2089	F<eg/ae2.pl> in the AnyEvent distribution, the remaining benchmarks are	2378	F<eg/ae2.pl> in the AnyEvent distribution, the remaining benchmarks are
2090	part of the IO::lambda distribution and were used without any changes.	2379	part of the IO::Lambda distribution and were used without any changes.
2091		2380
2092		2381
2093	=head1 SIGNALS	2382	=head1 SIGNALS
2094		2383
2095	AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals:	2384	AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals:
…		…
2129	if $SIG{CHLD} eq 'IGNORE';	2418	if $SIG{CHLD} eq 'IGNORE';
2130		2419
2131	$SIG{PIPE} = sub { }	2420	$SIG{PIPE} = sub { }
2132	unless defined $SIG{PIPE};	2421	unless defined $SIG{PIPE};
2133		2422
		2423	=head1 RECOMMENDED/OPTIONAL MODULES
		2424
		2425	One of AnyEvent's main goals is to be 100% Pure-Perl(tm): only perl (and
		2426	it's built-in modules) are required to use it.
		2427
		2428	That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional
		2429	modules if they are installed.
		2430
		2431	This section epxlains which additional modules will be used, and how they
		2432	affect AnyEvent's operetion.
		2433
		2434	=over 4
		2435
		2436	=item L<Async::Interrupt>
		2437
		2438	This slightly arcane module is used to implement fast signal handling: To
		2439	my knowledge, there is no way to do completely race-free and quick
		2440	signal handling in pure perl. To ensure that signals still get
		2441	delivered, AnyEvent will start an interval timer to wake up perl (and
		2442	catch the signals) with some delay (default is 10 seconds, look for
		2443	C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>).
		2444
		2445	If this module is available, then it will be used to implement signal
		2446	catching, which means that signals will not be delayed, and the event loop
		2447	will not be interrupted regularly, which is more efficient (And good for
		2448	battery life on laptops).
		2449
		2450	This affects not just the pure-perl event loop, but also other event loops
		2451	that have no signal handling on their own (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt).
		2452
		2453	Some event loops (POE, Event, Event::Lib) offer signal watchers natively,
		2454	and either employ their own workarounds (POE) or use AnyEvent's workaround
		2455	(using C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>). Installing L<Async::Interrupt>
		2456	does nothing for those backends.
		2457
		2458	=item L<EV>
		2459
		2460	This module isn't really "optional", as it is simply one of the backend
		2461	event loops that AnyEvent can use. However, it is simply the best event
		2462	loop available in terms of features, speed and stability: It supports
		2463	the AnyEvent API optimally, implements all the watcher types in XS, does
		2464	automatic timer adjustments even when no monotonic clock is available,
		2465	can take avdantage of advanced kernel interfaces such as C<epoll> and
		2466	C<kqueue>, and is the fastest backend I<by far>. You can even embed
		2467	L<Glib>/L<Gtk2> in it (or vice versa, see L<EV::Glib> and L<Glib::EV>).
		2468
		2469	=item L<Guard>
		2470
		2471	The guard module, when used, will be used to implement
		2472	C<AnyEvent::Util::guard>. This speeds up guards considerably (and uses a
		2473	lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is
		2474	purely used for performance.
		2475
		2476	=item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS>
		2477
		2478	This module is required when you want to read or write JSON data via
		2479	L<AnyEvent::Handle>. It is also written in pure-perl, but can take
		2480	advantage of the ultra-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed.
		2481
		2482	In fact, L<AnyEvent::Handle> will use L<JSON::XS> by default if it is
		2483	installed.
		2484
		2485	=item L<Net::SSLeay>
		2486
		2487	Implementing TLS/SSL in Perl is certainly interesting, but not very
		2488	worthwhile: If this module is installed, then L<AnyEvent::Handle> (with
		2489	the help of L<AnyEvent::TLS>), gains the ability to do TLS/SSL.
		2490
		2491	=item L<Time::HiRes>
		2492
		2493	This module is part of perl since release 5.008. It will be used when the
		2494	chosen event library does not come with a timing source on it's own. The
		2495	pure-perl event loop (L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) will additionally use it to
		2496	try to use a monotonic clock for timing stability.
		2497
		2498	=back
		2499
		2500
2134	=head1 FORK	2501	=head1 FORK
2135		2502
2136	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are	2503	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are
2137	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll>	2504	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll>
2138	calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware.	2505	calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware.
2139		2506
2140	If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first	2507	If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first
2141	watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child.	2508	watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child OR you must do
		2509	something completely out of the scope of AnyEvent.
2142		2510
2143		2511
2144	=head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS	2512	=head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
2145		2513
2146	AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via	2514	AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via
…		…
2184	L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>.	2552	L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>.
2185		2553
2186	Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>,	2554	Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>,
2187	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>,	2555	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>,
2188	L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>,	2556	L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>,
2189	L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>.	2557	L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>, L<Anyevent::Impl::Irssi>.
2190		2558
2191	Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and	2559	Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and
2192	servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>.	2560	servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>.
2193		2561
2194	Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>.	2562	Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>.

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Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents): Revision 1.236 by root, Fri Jul 10 22:35:27 2009 UTC vs. Revision 1.290 by root, Tue Sep 1 18:27:46 2009 UTC

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Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.236 by root, Fri Jul 10 22:35:27 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.290 by root, Tue Sep 1 18:27:46 2009 UTC