1 | =head1 NAME |
1 | =head1 NAME |
2 | |
2 | |
3 | AnyEvent - the DBI of event loop programming |
3 | AnyEvent - the DBI of event loop programming |
4 | |
4 | |
5 | EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Irssi, rxvt-unicode, IO::Async, Qt |
5 | EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Irssi, rxvt-unicode, IO::Async, Qt, |
6 | and POE are various supported event loops/environments. |
6 | FLTK and POE are various supported event loops/environments. |
7 | |
7 | |
8 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
8 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
9 | |
9 | |
10 | use AnyEvent; |
10 | use AnyEvent; |
11 | |
11 | |
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12 | # if you prefer function calls, look at the AE manpage for |
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13 | # an alternative API. |
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14 | |
12 | # file descriptor readable |
15 | # file handle or descriptor readable |
13 | my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r", cb => sub { ... }); |
16 | my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r", cb => sub { ... }); |
14 | |
17 | |
15 | # one-shot or repeating timers |
18 | # one-shot or repeating timers |
16 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { ... }); |
19 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { ... }); |
17 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, interval => $seconds, cb => ... |
20 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, interval => $seconds, cb => ...); |
18 | |
21 | |
19 | print AnyEvent->now; # prints current event loop time |
22 | print AnyEvent->now; # prints current event loop time |
20 | print AnyEvent->time; # think Time::HiRes::time or simply CORE::time. |
23 | print AnyEvent->time; # think Time::HiRes::time or simply CORE::time. |
21 | |
24 | |
22 | # POSIX signal |
25 | # POSIX signal |
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… | |
43 | in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the |
46 | in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the |
44 | L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage. |
47 | L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage. |
45 | |
48 | |
46 | =head1 SUPPORT |
49 | =head1 SUPPORT |
47 | |
50 | |
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51 | An FAQ document is available as L<AnyEvent::FAQ>. |
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52 | |
48 | There is a mailinglist for discussing all things AnyEvent, and an IRC |
53 | There also is a mailinglist for discussing all things AnyEvent, and an IRC |
49 | channel, too. |
54 | channel, too. |
50 | |
55 | |
51 | See the AnyEvent project page at the B<Schmorpforge Ta-Sa Software |
56 | See the AnyEvent project page at the B<Schmorpforge Ta-Sa Software |
52 | Repository>, at L<http://anyevent.schmorp.de>, for more info. |
57 | Repository>, at L<http://anyevent.schmorp.de>, for more info. |
53 | |
58 | |
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73 | module users into the same thing by forcing them to use the same event |
78 | module users into the same thing by forcing them to use the same event |
74 | model you use. |
79 | model you use. |
75 | |
80 | |
76 | For modules like POE or IO::Async (which is a total misnomer as it is |
81 | For modules like POE or IO::Async (which is a total misnomer as it is |
77 | actually doing all I/O I<synchronously>...), using them in your module is |
82 | actually doing all I/O I<synchronously>...), using them in your module is |
78 | like joining a cult: After you joined, you are dependent on them and you |
83 | like joining a cult: After you join, you are dependent on them and you |
79 | cannot use anything else, as they are simply incompatible to everything |
84 | cannot use anything else, as they are simply incompatible to everything |
80 | that isn't them. What's worse, all the potential users of your |
85 | that isn't them. What's worse, all the potential users of your |
81 | module are I<also> forced to use the same event loop you use. |
86 | module are I<also> forced to use the same event loop you use. |
82 | |
87 | |
83 | AnyEvent is different: AnyEvent + POE works fine. AnyEvent + Glib works |
88 | AnyEvent is different: AnyEvent + POE works fine. AnyEvent + Glib works |
84 | fine. AnyEvent + Tk works fine etc. etc. but none of these work together |
89 | fine. AnyEvent + Tk works fine etc. etc. but none of these work together |
85 | with the rest: POE + IO::Async? No go. Tk + Event? No go. Again: if |
90 | with the rest: POE + EV? No go. Tk + Event? No go. Again: if your module |
86 | your module uses one of those, every user of your module has to use it, |
91 | uses one of those, every user of your module has to use it, too. But if |
87 | too. But if your module uses AnyEvent, it works transparently with all |
92 | your module uses AnyEvent, it works transparently with all event models it |
88 | event models it supports (including stuff like IO::Async, as long as those |
93 | supports (including stuff like IO::Async, as long as those use one of the |
89 | use one of the supported event loops. It is trivial to add new event loops |
94 | supported event loops. It is easy to add new event loops to AnyEvent, too, |
90 | to AnyEvent, too, so it is future-proof). |
95 | so it is future-proof). |
91 | |
96 | |
92 | In addition to being free of having to use I<the one and only true event |
97 | In addition to being free of having to use I<the one and only true event |
93 | model>, AnyEvent also is free of bloat and policy: with POE or similar |
98 | model>, AnyEvent also is free of bloat and policy: with POE or similar |
94 | modules, you get an enormous amount of code and strict rules you have to |
99 | modules, you get an enormous amount of code and strict rules you have to |
95 | follow. AnyEvent, on the other hand, is lean and up to the point, by only |
100 | follow. AnyEvent, on the other hand, is lean and to the point, by only |
96 | offering the functionality that is necessary, in as thin as a wrapper as |
101 | offering the functionality that is necessary, in as thin as a wrapper as |
97 | technically possible. |
102 | technically possible. |
98 | |
103 | |
99 | Of course, AnyEvent comes with a big (and fully optional!) toolbox |
104 | Of course, AnyEvent comes with a big (and fully optional!) toolbox |
100 | of useful functionality, such as an asynchronous DNS resolver, 100% |
105 | of useful functionality, such as an asynchronous DNS resolver, 100% |
… | |
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106 | useful) and you want to force your users to use the one and only event |
111 | useful) and you want to force your users to use the one and only event |
107 | model, you should I<not> use this module. |
112 | model, you should I<not> use this module. |
108 | |
113 | |
109 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
114 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
110 | |
115 | |
111 | L<AnyEvent> provides an identical interface to multiple event loops. This |
116 | L<AnyEvent> provides a uniform interface to various event loops. This |
112 | allows module authors to utilise an event loop without forcing module |
117 | allows module authors to use event loop functionality without forcing |
113 | users to use the same event loop (as only a single event loop can coexist |
118 | module users to use a specific event loop implementation (since more |
114 | peacefully at any one time). |
119 | than one event loop cannot coexist peacefully). |
115 | |
120 | |
116 | The interface itself is vaguely similar, but not identical to the L<Event> |
121 | The interface itself is vaguely similar, but not identical to the L<Event> |
117 | module. |
122 | module. |
118 | |
123 | |
119 | During the first call of any watcher-creation method, the module tries |
124 | During the first call of any watcher-creation method, the module tries |
120 | to detect the currently loaded event loop by probing whether one of the |
125 | to detect the currently loaded event loop by probing whether one of the |
121 | following modules is already loaded: L<EV>, |
126 | following modules is already loaded: L<EV>, L<AnyEvent::Loop>, |
122 | L<Event>, L<Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, |
127 | L<Event>, L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>. The first one |
123 | L<POE>. The first one found is used. If none are found, the module tries |
128 | found is used. If none are detected, the module tries to load the first |
124 | to load these modules (excluding Tk, Event::Lib, Qt and POE as the pure perl |
129 | four modules in the order given; but note that if L<EV> is not |
125 | adaptor should always succeed) in the order given. The first one that can |
130 | available, the pure-perl L<AnyEvent::Loop> should always work, so |
126 | be successfully loaded will be used. If, after this, still none could be |
131 | the other two are not normally tried. |
127 | found, AnyEvent will fall back to a pure-perl event loop, which is not |
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128 | very efficient, but should work everywhere. |
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129 | |
132 | |
130 | Because AnyEvent first checks for modules that are already loaded, loading |
133 | Because AnyEvent first checks for modules that are already loaded, loading |
131 | an event model explicitly before first using AnyEvent will likely make |
134 | an event model explicitly before first using AnyEvent will likely make |
132 | that model the default. For example: |
135 | that model the default. For example: |
133 | |
136 | |
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135 | use AnyEvent; |
138 | use AnyEvent; |
136 | |
139 | |
137 | # .. AnyEvent will likely default to Tk |
140 | # .. AnyEvent will likely default to Tk |
138 | |
141 | |
139 | The I<likely> means that, if any module loads another event model and |
142 | The I<likely> means that, if any module loads another event model and |
140 | starts using it, all bets are off. Maybe you should tell their authors to |
143 | starts using it, all bets are off - this case should be very rare though, |
141 | use AnyEvent so their modules work together with others seamlessly... |
144 | as very few modules hardcode event loops without announcing this very |
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145 | loudly. |
142 | |
146 | |
143 | The pure-perl implementation of AnyEvent is called |
147 | The pure-perl implementation of AnyEvent is called C<AnyEvent::Loop>. Like |
144 | C<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>. Like other event modules you can load it |
148 | other event modules you can load it explicitly and enjoy the high |
145 | explicitly and enjoy the high availability of that event loop :) |
149 | availability of that event loop :) |
146 | |
150 | |
147 | =head1 WATCHERS |
151 | =head1 WATCHERS |
148 | |
152 | |
149 | AnyEvent has the central concept of a I<watcher>, which is an object that |
153 | AnyEvent has the central concept of a I<watcher>, which is an object that |
150 | stores relevant data for each kind of event you are waiting for, such as |
154 | stores relevant data for each kind of event you are waiting for, such as |
… | |
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155 | callback when the event occurs (of course, only when the event model |
159 | callback when the event occurs (of course, only when the event model |
156 | is in control). |
160 | is in control). |
157 | |
161 | |
158 | Note that B<callbacks must not permanently change global variables> |
162 | Note that B<callbacks must not permanently change global variables> |
159 | potentially in use by the event loop (such as C<$_> or C<$[>) and that B<< |
163 | potentially in use by the event loop (such as C<$_> or C<$[>) and that B<< |
160 | callbacks must not C<die> >>. The former is good programming practise in |
164 | callbacks must not C<die> >>. The former is good programming practice in |
161 | Perl and the latter stems from the fact that exception handling differs |
165 | Perl and the latter stems from the fact that exception handling differs |
162 | widely between event loops. |
166 | widely between event loops. |
163 | |
167 | |
164 | To disable the watcher you have to destroy it (e.g. by setting the |
168 | To disable a watcher you have to destroy it (e.g. by setting the |
165 | variable you store it in to C<undef> or otherwise deleting all references |
169 | variable you store it in to C<undef> or otherwise deleting all references |
166 | to it). |
170 | to it). |
167 | |
171 | |
168 | All watchers are created by calling a method on the C<AnyEvent> class. |
172 | All watchers are created by calling a method on the C<AnyEvent> class. |
169 | |
173 | |
170 | Many watchers either are used with "recursion" (repeating timers for |
174 | Many watchers either are used with "recursion" (repeating timers for |
171 | example), or need to refer to their watcher object in other ways. |
175 | example), or need to refer to their watcher object in other ways. |
172 | |
176 | |
173 | An any way to achieve that is this pattern: |
177 | One way to achieve that is this pattern: |
174 | |
178 | |
175 | my $w; $w = AnyEvent->type (arg => value ..., cb => sub { |
179 | my $w; $w = AnyEvent->type (arg => value ..., cb => sub { |
176 | # you can use $w here, for example to undef it |
180 | # you can use $w here, for example to undef it |
177 | undef $w; |
181 | undef $w; |
178 | }); |
182 | }); |
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210 | |
214 | |
211 | The I/O watcher might use the underlying file descriptor or a copy of it. |
215 | The I/O watcher might use the underlying file descriptor or a copy of it. |
212 | You must not close a file handle as long as any watcher is active on the |
216 | You must not close a file handle as long as any watcher is active on the |
213 | underlying file descriptor. |
217 | underlying file descriptor. |
214 | |
218 | |
215 | Some event loops issue spurious readyness notifications, so you should |
219 | Some event loops issue spurious readiness notifications, so you should |
216 | always use non-blocking calls when reading/writing from/to your file |
220 | always use non-blocking calls when reading/writing from/to your file |
217 | handles. |
221 | handles. |
218 | |
222 | |
219 | Example: wait for readability of STDIN, then read a line and disable the |
223 | Example: wait for readability of STDIN, then read a line and disable the |
220 | watcher. |
224 | watcher. |
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244 | |
248 | |
245 | Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and |
249 | Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and |
246 | presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent |
250 | presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent |
247 | callbacks cannot use arguments passed to time watcher callbacks. |
251 | callbacks cannot use arguments passed to time watcher callbacks. |
248 | |
252 | |
249 | The callback will normally be invoked once only. If you specify another |
253 | The callback will normally be invoked only once. If you specify another |
250 | parameter, C<interval>, as a strictly positive number (> 0), then the |
254 | parameter, C<interval>, as a strictly positive number (> 0), then the |
251 | callback will be invoked regularly at that interval (in fractional |
255 | callback will be invoked regularly at that interval (in fractional |
252 | seconds) after the first invocation. If C<interval> is specified with a |
256 | seconds) after the first invocation. If C<interval> is specified with a |
253 | false value, then it is treated as if it were missing. |
257 | false value, then it is treated as if it were not specified at all. |
254 | |
258 | |
255 | The callback will be rescheduled before invoking the callback, but no |
259 | The callback will be rescheduled before invoking the callback, but no |
256 | attempt is done to avoid timer drift in most backends, so the interval is |
260 | attempt is made to avoid timer drift in most backends, so the interval is |
257 | only approximate. |
261 | only approximate. |
258 | |
262 | |
259 | Example: fire an event after 7.7 seconds. |
263 | Example: fire an event after 7.7 seconds. |
260 | |
264 | |
261 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 7.7, cb => sub { |
265 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 7.7, cb => sub { |
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279 | |
283 | |
280 | While most event loops expect timers to specified in a relative way, they |
284 | While most event loops expect timers to specified in a relative way, they |
281 | use absolute time internally. This makes a difference when your clock |
285 | use absolute time internally. This makes a difference when your clock |
282 | "jumps", for example, when ntp decides to set your clock backwards from |
286 | "jumps", for example, when ntp decides to set your clock backwards from |
283 | the wrong date of 2014-01-01 to 2008-01-01, a watcher that is supposed to |
287 | the wrong date of 2014-01-01 to 2008-01-01, a watcher that is supposed to |
284 | fire "after" a second might actually take six years to finally fire. |
288 | fire "after a second" might actually take six years to finally fire. |
285 | |
289 | |
286 | AnyEvent cannot compensate for this. The only event loop that is conscious |
290 | AnyEvent cannot compensate for this. The only event loop that is conscious |
287 | about these issues is L<EV>, which offers both relative (ev_timer, based |
291 | of these issues is L<EV>, which offers both relative (ev_timer, based |
288 | on true relative time) and absolute (ev_periodic, based on wallclock time) |
292 | on true relative time) and absolute (ev_periodic, based on wallclock time) |
289 | timers. |
293 | timers. |
290 | |
294 | |
291 | AnyEvent always prefers relative timers, if available, matching the |
295 | AnyEvent always prefers relative timers, if available, matching the |
292 | AnyEvent API. |
296 | AnyEvent API. |
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314 | I<In almost all cases (in all cases if you don't care), this is the |
318 | I<In almost all cases (in all cases if you don't care), this is the |
315 | function to call when you want to know the current time.> |
319 | function to call when you want to know the current time.> |
316 | |
320 | |
317 | This function is also often faster then C<< AnyEvent->time >>, and |
321 | This function is also often faster then C<< AnyEvent->time >>, and |
318 | thus the preferred method if you want some timestamp (for example, |
322 | thus the preferred method if you want some timestamp (for example, |
319 | L<AnyEvent::Handle> uses this to update it's activity timeouts). |
323 | L<AnyEvent::Handle> uses this to update its activity timeouts). |
320 | |
324 | |
321 | The rest of this section is only of relevance if you try to be very exact |
325 | The rest of this section is only of relevance if you try to be very exact |
322 | with your timing, you can skip it without bad conscience. |
326 | with your timing; you can skip it without a bad conscience. |
323 | |
327 | |
324 | For a practical example of when these times differ, consider L<Event::Lib> |
328 | For a practical example of when these times differ, consider L<Event::Lib> |
325 | and L<EV> and the following set-up: |
329 | and L<EV> and the following set-up: |
326 | |
330 | |
327 | The event loop is running and has just invoked one of your callback at |
331 | The event loop is running and has just invoked one of your callbacks at |
328 | time=500 (assume no other callbacks delay processing). In your callback, |
332 | time=500 (assume no other callbacks delay processing). In your callback, |
329 | you wait a second by executing C<sleep 1> (blocking the process for a |
333 | you wait a second by executing C<sleep 1> (blocking the process for a |
330 | second) and then (at time=501) you create a relative timer that fires |
334 | second) and then (at time=501) you create a relative timer that fires |
331 | after three seconds. |
335 | after three seconds. |
332 | |
336 | |
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352 | difference between C<< AnyEvent->time >> and C<< AnyEvent->now >> into |
356 | difference between C<< AnyEvent->time >> and C<< AnyEvent->now >> into |
353 | account. |
357 | account. |
354 | |
358 | |
355 | =item AnyEvent->now_update |
359 | =item AnyEvent->now_update |
356 | |
360 | |
357 | Some event loops (such as L<EV> or L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) cache |
361 | Some event loops (such as L<EV> or L<AnyEvent::Loop>) cache the current |
358 | the current time for each loop iteration (see the discussion of L<< |
362 | time for each loop iteration (see the discussion of L<< AnyEvent->now >>, |
359 | AnyEvent->now >>, above). |
363 | above). |
360 | |
364 | |
361 | When a callback runs for a long time (or when the process sleeps), then |
365 | When a callback runs for a long time (or when the process sleeps), then |
362 | this "current" time will differ substantially from the real time, which |
366 | this "current" time will differ substantially from the real time, which |
363 | might affect timers and time-outs. |
367 | might affect timers and time-outs. |
364 | |
368 | |
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425 | =head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds |
429 | =head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds |
426 | |
430 | |
427 | Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support attaching |
431 | Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support attaching |
428 | callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot |
432 | callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot |
429 | do race-free signal handling in perl, requiring C libraries for |
433 | do race-free signal handling in perl, requiring C libraries for |
430 | this. AnyEvent will try to do it's best, which means in some cases, |
434 | this. AnyEvent will try to do its best, which means in some cases, |
431 | signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might be delayed is |
435 | signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might be delayed is |
432 | specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10 seconds). This |
436 | specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10 seconds). This |
433 | variable can be changed only before the first signal watcher is created, |
437 | variable can be changed only before the first signal watcher is created, |
434 | and should be left alone otherwise. This variable determines how often |
438 | and should be left alone otherwise. This variable determines how often |
435 | AnyEvent polls for signals (in case a wake-up was missed). Higher values |
439 | AnyEvent polls for signals (in case a wake-up was missed). Higher values |
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437 | saving. |
441 | saving. |
438 | |
442 | |
439 | All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional |
443 | All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional |
440 | L<Async::Interrupt> module, which works with most event loops. It will not |
444 | L<Async::Interrupt> module, which works with most event loops. It will not |
441 | work with inherently broken event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib> |
445 | work with inherently broken event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib> |
442 | (and not with L<POE> currently, as POE does it's own workaround with |
446 | (and not with L<POE> currently, as POE does its own workaround with |
443 | one-second latency). For those, you just have to suffer the delays. |
447 | one-second latency). For those, you just have to suffer the delays. |
444 | |
448 | |
445 | =head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS |
449 | =head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS |
446 | |
450 | |
447 | $w = AnyEvent->child (pid => <process id>, cb => <callback>); |
451 | $w = AnyEvent->child (pid => <process id>, cb => <callback>); |
448 | |
452 | |
449 | You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status. |
453 | You can also watch for a child process exit and catch its exit status. |
450 | |
454 | |
451 | The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (one some backends, |
455 | The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (on some backends, |
452 | using C<0> watches for any child process exit, on others this will |
456 | using C<0> watches for any child process exit, on others this will |
453 | croak). The watcher will be triggered only when the child process has |
457 | croak). The watcher will be triggered only when the child process has |
454 | finished and an exit status is available, not on any trace events |
458 | finished and an exit status is available, not on any trace events |
455 | (stopped/continued). |
459 | (stopped/continued). |
456 | |
460 | |
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478 | thing in an AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one |
482 | thing in an AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one |
479 | watcher before you C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call |
483 | watcher before you C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call |
480 | C<AnyEvent::detect>). |
484 | C<AnyEvent::detect>). |
481 | |
485 | |
482 | As most event loops do not support waiting for child events, they will be |
486 | As most event loops do not support waiting for child events, they will be |
483 | emulated by AnyEvent in most cases, in which the latency and race problems |
487 | emulated by AnyEvent in most cases, in which case the latency and race |
484 | mentioned in the description of signal watchers apply. |
488 | problems mentioned in the description of signal watchers apply. |
485 | |
489 | |
486 | Example: fork a process and wait for it |
490 | Example: fork a process and wait for it |
487 | |
491 | |
488 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
492 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
489 | |
493 | |
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503 | |
507 | |
504 | =head2 IDLE WATCHERS |
508 | =head2 IDLE WATCHERS |
505 | |
509 | |
506 | $w = AnyEvent->idle (cb => <callback>); |
510 | $w = AnyEvent->idle (cb => <callback>); |
507 | |
511 | |
508 | Sometimes there is a need to do something, but it is not so important |
512 | This will repeatedly invoke the callback after the process becomes idle, |
509 | to do it instantly, but only when there is nothing better to do. This |
513 | until either the watcher is destroyed or new events have been detected. |
510 | "nothing better to do" is usually defined to be "no other events need |
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511 | attention by the event loop". |
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512 | |
514 | |
513 | Idle watchers ideally get invoked when the event loop has nothing |
515 | Idle watchers are useful when there is a need to do something, but it |
514 | better to do, just before it would block the process to wait for new |
516 | is not so important (or wise) to do it instantly. The callback will be |
515 | events. Instead of blocking, the idle watcher is invoked. |
517 | invoked only when there is "nothing better to do", which is usually |
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518 | defined as "all outstanding events have been handled and no new events |
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519 | have been detected". That means that idle watchers ideally get invoked |
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520 | when the event loop has just polled for new events but none have been |
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521 | detected. Instead of blocking to wait for more events, the idle watchers |
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522 | will be invoked. |
516 | |
523 | |
517 | Most event loops unfortunately do not really support idle watchers (only |
524 | Unfortunately, most event loops do not really support idle watchers (only |
518 | EV, Event and Glib do it in a usable fashion) - for the rest, AnyEvent |
525 | EV, Event and Glib do it in a usable fashion) - for the rest, AnyEvent |
519 | will simply call the callback "from time to time". |
526 | will simply call the callback "from time to time". |
520 | |
527 | |
521 | Example: read lines from STDIN, but only process them when the |
528 | Example: read lines from STDIN, but only process them when the |
522 | program is otherwise idle: |
529 | program is otherwise idle: |
… | |
… | |
550 | will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks. |
557 | will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks. |
551 | |
558 | |
552 | AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event |
559 | AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event |
553 | loop and will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user). |
560 | loop and will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user). |
554 | |
561 | |
555 | The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called |
562 | The tool to do that is called a "condition variable", so called because |
556 | because they represent a condition that must become true. |
563 | they represent a condition that must become true. |
557 | |
564 | |
558 | Now is probably a good time to look at the examples further below. |
565 | Now is probably a good time to look at the examples further below. |
559 | |
566 | |
560 | Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar |
567 | Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar |
561 | >> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is |
568 | >> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is |
… | |
… | |
566 | After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true" |
573 | After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true" |
567 | by calling the C<send> method (or calling the condition variable as if it |
574 | by calling the C<send> method (or calling the condition variable as if it |
568 | were a callback, read about the caveats in the description for the C<< |
575 | were a callback, read about the caveats in the description for the C<< |
569 | ->send >> method). |
576 | ->send >> method). |
570 | |
577 | |
571 | Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can |
578 | Since condition variables are the most complex part of the AnyEvent API, here are |
572 | optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points |
579 | some different mental models of what they are - pick the ones you can connect to: |
573 | in time where multiple outstanding events have been processed. And yet |
580 | |
574 | another way to call them is transactions - each condition variable can be |
581 | =over 4 |
575 | used to represent a transaction, which finishes at some point and delivers |
582 | |
576 | a result. And yet some people know them as "futures" - a promise to |
583 | =item * Condition variables are like callbacks - you can call them (and pass them instead |
577 | compute/deliver something that you can wait for. |
584 | of callbacks). Unlike callbacks however, you can also wait for them to be called. |
|
|
585 | |
|
|
586 | =item * Condition variables are signals - one side can emit or send them, |
|
|
587 | the other side can wait for them, or install a handler that is called when |
|
|
588 | the signal fires. |
|
|
589 | |
|
|
590 | =item * Condition variables are like "Merge Points" - points in your program |
|
|
591 | where you merge multiple independent results/control flows into one. |
|
|
592 | |
|
|
593 | =item * Condition variables represent a transaction - functions that start |
|
|
594 | some kind of transaction can return them, leaving the caller the choice |
|
|
595 | between waiting in a blocking fashion, or setting a callback. |
|
|
596 | |
|
|
597 | =item * Condition variables represent future values, or promises to deliver |
|
|
598 | some result, long before the result is available. |
|
|
599 | |
|
|
600 | =back |
578 | |
601 | |
579 | Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished, |
602 | Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished, |
580 | for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests, |
603 | for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests, |
581 | then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the |
604 | then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the |
582 | availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is |
605 | availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is |
… | |
… | |
595 | |
618 | |
596 | Condition variables are represented by hash refs in perl, and the keys |
619 | Condition variables are represented by hash refs in perl, and the keys |
597 | used by AnyEvent itself are all named C<_ae_XXX> to make subclassing |
620 | used by AnyEvent itself are all named C<_ae_XXX> to make subclassing |
598 | easy (it is often useful to build your own transaction class on top of |
621 | easy (it is often useful to build your own transaction class on top of |
599 | AnyEvent). To subclass, use C<AnyEvent::CondVar> as base class and call |
622 | AnyEvent). To subclass, use C<AnyEvent::CondVar> as base class and call |
600 | it's C<new> method in your own C<new> method. |
623 | its C<new> method in your own C<new> method. |
601 | |
624 | |
602 | There are two "sides" to a condition variable - the "producer side" which |
625 | There are two "sides" to a condition variable - the "producer side" which |
603 | eventually calls C<< -> send >>, and the "consumer side", which waits |
626 | eventually calls C<< -> send >>, and the "consumer side", which waits |
604 | for the send to occur. |
627 | for the send to occur. |
605 | |
628 | |
606 | Example: wait for a timer. |
629 | Example: wait for a timer. |
607 | |
630 | |
608 | # wait till the result is ready |
631 | # condition: "wait till the timer is fired" |
609 | my $result_ready = AnyEvent->condvar; |
632 | my $timer_fired = AnyEvent->condvar; |
610 | |
633 | |
611 | # do something such as adding a timer |
634 | # create the timer - we could wait for, say |
612 | # or socket watcher the calls $result_ready->send |
635 | # a handle becomign ready, or even an |
613 | # when the "result" is ready. |
636 | # AnyEvent::HTTP request to finish, but |
614 | # in this case, we simply use a timer: |
637 | # in this case, we simply use a timer: |
615 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer ( |
638 | my $w = AnyEvent->timer ( |
616 | after => 1, |
639 | after => 1, |
617 | cb => sub { $result_ready->send }, |
640 | cb => sub { $timer_fired->send }, |
618 | ); |
641 | ); |
619 | |
642 | |
620 | # this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback |
643 | # this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback |
621 | # calls ->send |
644 | # calls ->send |
622 | $result_ready->recv; |
645 | $timer_fired->recv; |
623 | |
646 | |
624 | Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition |
647 | Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition |
625 | variables are also callable directly. |
648 | variables are also callable directly. |
626 | |
649 | |
627 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
650 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
… | |
… | |
670 | they were a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling |
693 | they were a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling |
671 | C<send>. |
694 | C<send>. |
672 | |
695 | |
673 | =item $cv->croak ($error) |
696 | =item $cv->croak ($error) |
674 | |
697 | |
675 | Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke |
698 | Similar to send, but causes all calls to C<< ->recv >> to invoke |
676 | C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar. |
699 | C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar. |
677 | |
700 | |
678 | This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable |
701 | This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable |
679 | user/consumer. Doing it this way instead of calling C<croak> directly |
702 | user/consumer. Doing it this way instead of calling C<croak> directly |
680 | delays the error detetcion, but has the overwhelmign advantage that it |
703 | delays the error detection, but has the overwhelming advantage that it |
681 | diagnoses the error at the place where the result is expected, and not |
704 | diagnoses the error at the place where the result is expected, and not |
682 | deep in some event clalback without connection to the actual code causing |
705 | deep in some event callback with no connection to the actual code causing |
683 | the problem. |
706 | the problem. |
684 | |
707 | |
685 | =item $cv->begin ([group callback]) |
708 | =item $cv->begin ([group callback]) |
686 | |
709 | |
687 | =item $cv->end |
710 | =item $cv->end |
… | |
… | |
725 | one call to C<begin>, so the condvar waits for all calls to C<end> before |
748 | one call to C<begin>, so the condvar waits for all calls to C<end> before |
726 | sending. |
749 | sending. |
727 | |
750 | |
728 | The ping example mentioned above is slightly more complicated, as the |
751 | The ping example mentioned above is slightly more complicated, as the |
729 | there are results to be passwd back, and the number of tasks that are |
752 | there are results to be passwd back, and the number of tasks that are |
730 | begung can potentially be zero: |
753 | begun can potentially be zero: |
731 | |
754 | |
732 | my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
755 | my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
733 | |
756 | |
734 | my %result; |
757 | my %result; |
735 | $cv->begin (sub { shift->send (\%result) }); |
758 | $cv->begin (sub { shift->send (\%result) }); |
… | |
… | |
756 | to be called once the counter reaches C<0>, and second, it ensures that |
779 | to be called once the counter reaches C<0>, and second, it ensures that |
757 | C<send> is called even when C<no> hosts are being pinged (the loop |
780 | C<send> is called even when C<no> hosts are being pinged (the loop |
758 | doesn't execute once). |
781 | doesn't execute once). |
759 | |
782 | |
760 | This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple (but |
783 | This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple (but |
761 | potentially none) subrequests: use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set |
784 | potentially zero) subrequests: use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set |
762 | the callback and ensure C<end> is called at least once, and then, for each |
785 | the callback and ensure C<end> is called at least once, and then, for each |
763 | subrequest you start, call C<begin> and for each subrequest you finish, |
786 | subrequest you start, call C<begin> and for each subrequest you finish, |
764 | call C<end>. |
787 | call C<end>. |
765 | |
788 | |
766 | =back |
789 | =back |
… | |
… | |
773 | =over 4 |
796 | =over 4 |
774 | |
797 | |
775 | =item $cv->recv |
798 | =item $cv->recv |
776 | |
799 | |
777 | Wait (blocking if necessary) until the C<< ->send >> or C<< ->croak |
800 | Wait (blocking if necessary) until the C<< ->send >> or C<< ->croak |
778 | >> methods have been called on c<$cv>, while servicing other watchers |
801 | >> methods have been called on C<$cv>, while servicing other watchers |
779 | normally. |
802 | normally. |
780 | |
803 | |
781 | You can only wait once on a condition - additional calls are valid but |
804 | You can only wait once on a condition - additional calls are valid but |
782 | will return immediately. |
805 | will return immediately. |
783 | |
806 | |
… | |
… | |
800 | caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling |
823 | caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling |
801 | condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting |
824 | condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting |
802 | callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block, |
825 | callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block, |
803 | while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires). |
826 | while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires). |
804 | |
827 | |
805 | You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and |
828 | You can ensure that C<< ->recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and |
806 | only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later |
829 | only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later |
807 | time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking |
830 | time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking |
808 | waits otherwise. |
831 | waits otherwise. |
809 | |
832 | |
810 | =item $bool = $cv->ready |
833 | =item $bool = $cv->ready |
… | |
… | |
815 | =item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv)) |
838 | =item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv)) |
816 | |
839 | |
817 | This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally |
840 | This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally |
818 | replaces it before doing so. |
841 | replaces it before doing so. |
819 | |
842 | |
820 | The callback will be called when the condition becomes (or already was) |
843 | The callback will be called when the condition becomes "true", i.e. when |
821 | "true", i.e. when C<send> or C<croak> are called (or were called), with |
844 | C<send> or C<croak> are called, with the only argument being the |
822 | the only argument being the condition variable itself. Calling C<recv> |
845 | condition variable itself. If the condition is already true, the |
|
|
846 | callback is called immediately when it is set. Calling C<recv> inside |
823 | inside the callback or at any later time is guaranteed not to block. |
847 | the callback or at any later time is guaranteed not to block. |
824 | |
848 | |
825 | =back |
849 | =back |
826 | |
850 | |
827 | =head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS |
851 | =head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS |
828 | |
852 | |
… | |
… | |
836 | use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will fall back to its own |
860 | use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will fall back to its own |
837 | pure-perl implementation, which is available everywhere as it comes with |
861 | pure-perl implementation, which is available everywhere as it comes with |
838 | AnyEvent itself. |
862 | AnyEvent itself. |
839 | |
863 | |
840 | AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice). |
864 | AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice). |
841 | AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable. |
865 | AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl AnyEvent::Loop, fast and portable. |
842 | |
866 | |
843 | =item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used. |
867 | =item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used. |
844 | |
868 | |
845 | These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher |
869 | These will be used if they are already loaded when the first watcher |
846 | is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using |
870 | is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using |
847 | them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend |
871 | them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend |
848 | when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to |
872 | when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to |
849 | create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program. |
873 | create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program. |
850 | |
874 | |
… | |
… | |
852 | AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable. |
876 | AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable. |
853 | AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken. |
877 | AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken. |
854 | AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse. |
878 | AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse. |
855 | AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations. |
879 | AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations. |
856 | AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi used when running within irssi. |
880 | AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi used when running within irssi. |
|
|
881 | AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync based on IO::Async. |
|
|
882 | AnyEvent::Impl::Cocoa based on Cocoa::EventLoop. |
|
|
883 | AnyEvent::Impl::FLTK based on FLTK (fltk 2 binding). |
857 | |
884 | |
858 | =item Backends with special needs. |
885 | =item Backends with special needs. |
859 | |
886 | |
860 | Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will |
887 | Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will |
861 | otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program |
888 | otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program |
862 | instantiates the application before any AnyEvent watchers are created, |
889 | instantiates the application before any AnyEvent watchers are created, |
863 | everything should just work. |
890 | everything should just work. |
864 | |
891 | |
865 | AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt. |
892 | AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt. |
866 | |
893 | |
867 | Support for IO::Async can only be partial, as it is too broken and |
|
|
868 | architecturally limited to even support the AnyEvent API. It also |
|
|
869 | is the only event loop that needs the loop to be set explicitly, so |
|
|
870 | it can only be used by a main program knowing about AnyEvent. See |
|
|
871 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::Async> for the gory details. |
|
|
872 | |
|
|
873 | AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync based on IO::Async, cannot be autoprobed. |
|
|
874 | |
|
|
875 | =item Event loops that are indirectly supported via other backends. |
894 | =item Event loops that are indirectly supported via other backends. |
876 | |
895 | |
877 | Some event loops can be supported via other modules: |
896 | Some event loops can be supported via other modules: |
878 | |
897 | |
879 | There is no direct support for WxWidgets (L<Wx>) or L<Prima>. |
898 | There is no direct support for WxWidgets (L<Wx>) or L<Prima>. |
… | |
… | |
904 | Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created, before the |
923 | Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created, before the |
905 | backend has been autodetected. |
924 | backend has been autodetected. |
906 | |
925 | |
907 | Afterwards it contains the event model that is being used, which is the |
926 | Afterwards it contains the event model that is being used, which is the |
908 | name of the Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one |
927 | name of the Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one |
909 | of the C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the |
928 | of the C<AnyEvent::Impl::xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the |
910 | case AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode> it |
929 | case AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode> it |
911 | will be C<urxvt::anyevent>). |
930 | will be C<urxvt::anyevent>). |
912 | |
931 | |
913 | =item AnyEvent::detect |
932 | =item AnyEvent::detect |
914 | |
933 | |
915 | Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model |
934 | Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model |
916 | if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would |
935 | if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would |
917 | have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at |
936 | have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at |
918 | runtime, and not e.g. while initialising of your module. |
937 | runtime, and not e.g. during initialisation of your module. |
|
|
938 | |
|
|
939 | The effect of calling this function is as if a watcher had been created |
|
|
940 | (specifically, actions that happen "when the first watcher is created" |
|
|
941 | happen when calling detetc as well). |
919 | |
942 | |
920 | If you need to do some initialisation before AnyEvent watchers are |
943 | If you need to do some initialisation before AnyEvent watchers are |
921 | created, use C<post_detect>. |
944 | created, use C<post_detect>. |
922 | |
945 | |
923 | =item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK } |
946 | =item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK } |
924 | |
947 | |
925 | Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is |
948 | Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is |
926 | autodetected (or immediately if this has already happened). |
949 | autodetected (or immediately if that has already happened). |
927 | |
950 | |
928 | The block will be executed I<after> the actual backend has been detected |
951 | The block will be executed I<after> the actual backend has been detected |
929 | (C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> is set), but I<before> any watchers have been |
952 | (C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> is set), but I<before> any watchers have been |
930 | created, so it is possible to e.g. patch C<@AnyEvent::ISA> or do |
953 | created, so it is possible to e.g. patch C<@AnyEvent::ISA> or do |
931 | other initialisations - see the sources of L<AnyEvent::Strict> or |
954 | other initialisations - see the sources of L<AnyEvent::Strict> or |
… | |
… | |
940 | that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed (or |
963 | that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed (or |
941 | C<undef> when the hook was immediately executed). See L<AnyEvent::AIO> for |
964 | C<undef> when the hook was immediately executed). See L<AnyEvent::AIO> for |
942 | a case where this is useful. |
965 | a case where this is useful. |
943 | |
966 | |
944 | Example: Create a watcher for the IO::AIO module and store it in |
967 | Example: Create a watcher for the IO::AIO module and store it in |
945 | C<$WATCHER>. Only do so after the event loop is initialised, though. |
968 | C<$WATCHER>, but do so only do so after the event loop is initialised. |
946 | |
969 | |
947 | our WATCHER; |
970 | our WATCHER; |
948 | |
971 | |
949 | my $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { |
972 | my $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { |
950 | $WATCHER = AnyEvent->io (fh => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, poll => 'r', cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); |
973 | $WATCHER = AnyEvent->io (fh => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, poll => 'r', cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); |
… | |
… | |
958 | $WATCHER ||= $guard; |
981 | $WATCHER ||= $guard; |
959 | |
982 | |
960 | =item @AnyEvent::post_detect |
983 | =item @AnyEvent::post_detect |
961 | |
984 | |
962 | If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it |
985 | If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it |
963 | before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after |
986 | before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will be called directly |
964 | the event loop has been chosen. |
987 | after the event loop has been chosen. |
965 | |
988 | |
966 | You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though: |
989 | You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though: |
967 | if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the |
990 | if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the |
968 | array will be ignored. |
991 | array will be ignored. |
969 | |
992 | |
… | |
… | |
986 | # AnyEvent not yet initialised, so make sure to load Coro::AnyEvent |
1009 | # AnyEvent not yet initialised, so make sure to load Coro::AnyEvent |
987 | # as soon as it is |
1010 | # as soon as it is |
988 | push @AnyEvent::post_detect, sub { require Coro::AnyEvent }; |
1011 | push @AnyEvent::post_detect, sub { require Coro::AnyEvent }; |
989 | } |
1012 | } |
990 | |
1013 | |
|
|
1014 | =item AnyEvent::postpone { BLOCK } |
|
|
1015 | |
|
|
1016 | Arranges for the block to be executed as soon as possible, but not before |
|
|
1017 | the call itself returns. In practise, the block will be executed just |
|
|
1018 | before the event loop polls for new events, or shortly afterwards. |
|
|
1019 | |
|
|
1020 | This function never returns anything (to make the C<return postpone { ... |
|
|
1021 | }> idiom more useful. |
|
|
1022 | |
|
|
1023 | To understand the usefulness of this function, consider a function that |
|
|
1024 | asynchronously does something for you and returns some transaction |
|
|
1025 | object or guard to let you cancel the operation. For example, |
|
|
1026 | C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>: |
|
|
1027 | |
|
|
1028 | # start a conenction attempt unless one is active |
|
|
1029 | $self->{connect_guard} ||= AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect "www.example.net", 80, sub { |
|
|
1030 | delete $self->{connect_guard}; |
|
|
1031 | ... |
|
|
1032 | }; |
|
|
1033 | |
|
|
1034 | Imagine that this function could instantly call the callback, for |
|
|
1035 | example, because it detects an obvious error such as a negative port |
|
|
1036 | number. Invoking the callback before the function returns causes problems |
|
|
1037 | however: the callback will be called and will try to delete the guard |
|
|
1038 | object. But since the function hasn't returned yet, there is nothing to |
|
|
1039 | delete. When the function eventually returns it will assign the guard |
|
|
1040 | object to C<< $self->{connect_guard} >>, where it will likely never be |
|
|
1041 | deleted, so the program thinks it is still trying to connect. |
|
|
1042 | |
|
|
1043 | This is where C<AnyEvent::postpone> should be used. Instead of calling the |
|
|
1044 | callback directly on error: |
|
|
1045 | |
|
|
1046 | $cb->(undef), return # signal error to callback, BAD! |
|
|
1047 | if $some_error_condition; |
|
|
1048 | |
|
|
1049 | It should use C<postpone>: |
|
|
1050 | |
|
|
1051 | AnyEvent::postpone { $cb->(undef) }, return # signal error to callback, later |
|
|
1052 | if $some_error_condition; |
|
|
1053 | |
|
|
1054 | =item AnyEvent::log $level, $msg[, @args] |
|
|
1055 | |
|
|
1056 | Log the given C<$msg> at the given C<$level>. |
|
|
1057 | |
|
|
1058 | If L<AnyEvent::Log> is not loaded then this function makes a simple test |
|
|
1059 | to see whether the message will be logged. If the test succeeds it will |
|
|
1060 | load AnyEvent::Log and call C<AnyEvent::Log::log> - consequently, look at |
|
|
1061 | the L<AnyEvent::Log> documentation for details. |
|
|
1062 | |
|
|
1063 | If the test fails it will simply return. Right now this happens when a |
|
|
1064 | numerical loglevel is used and it is larger than the level specified via |
|
|
1065 | C<$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}>. |
|
|
1066 | |
|
|
1067 | If you want to sprinkle loads of logging calls around your code, consider |
|
|
1068 | creating a logger callback with the C<AnyEvent::Log::logger> function, |
|
|
1069 | which can reduce typing, codesize and can reduce the logging overhead |
|
|
1070 | enourmously. |
|
|
1071 | |
991 | =back |
1072 | =back |
992 | |
1073 | |
993 | =head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE |
1074 | =head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE |
994 | |
1075 | |
995 | As a module author, you should C<use AnyEvent> and call AnyEvent methods |
1076 | As a module author, you should C<use AnyEvent> and call AnyEvent methods |
… | |
… | |
1005 | because it will stall the whole program, and the whole point of using |
1086 | because it will stall the whole program, and the whole point of using |
1006 | events is to stay interactive. |
1087 | events is to stay interactive. |
1007 | |
1088 | |
1008 | It is fine, however, to call C<< ->recv >> when the user of your module |
1089 | It is fine, however, to call C<< ->recv >> when the user of your module |
1009 | requests it (i.e. if you create a http request object ad have a method |
1090 | requests it (i.e. if you create a http request object ad have a method |
1010 | called C<results> that returns the results, it should call C<< ->recv >> |
1091 | called C<results> that returns the results, it may call C<< ->recv >> |
1011 | freely, as the user of your module knows what she is doing. always). |
1092 | freely, as the user of your module knows what she is doing. Always). |
1012 | |
1093 | |
1013 | =head1 WHAT TO DO IN THE MAIN PROGRAM |
1094 | =head1 WHAT TO DO IN THE MAIN PROGRAM |
1014 | |
1095 | |
1015 | There will always be a single main program - the only place that should |
1096 | There will always be a single main program - the only place that should |
1016 | dictate which event model to use. |
1097 | dictate which event model to use. |
1017 | |
1098 | |
1018 | If it doesn't care, it can just "use AnyEvent" and use it itself, or not |
1099 | If the program is not event-based, it need not do anything special, even |
1019 | do anything special (it does not need to be event-based) and let AnyEvent |
1100 | when it depends on a module that uses an AnyEvent. If the program itself |
1020 | decide which implementation to chose if some module relies on it. |
1101 | uses AnyEvent, but does not care which event loop is used, all it needs |
|
|
1102 | to do is C<use AnyEvent>. In either case, AnyEvent will choose the best |
|
|
1103 | available loop implementation. |
1021 | |
1104 | |
1022 | If the main program relies on a specific event model - for example, in |
1105 | If the main program relies on a specific event model - for example, in |
1023 | Gtk2 programs you have to rely on the Glib module - you should load the |
1106 | Gtk2 programs you have to rely on the Glib module - you should load the |
1024 | event module before loading AnyEvent or any module that uses it: generally |
1107 | event module before loading AnyEvent or any module that uses it: generally |
1025 | speaking, you should load it as early as possible. The reason is that |
1108 | speaking, you should load it as early as possible. The reason is that |
1026 | modules might create watchers when they are loaded, and AnyEvent will |
1109 | modules might create watchers when they are loaded, and AnyEvent will |
1027 | decide on the event model to use as soon as it creates watchers, and it |
1110 | decide on the event model to use as soon as it creates watchers, and it |
1028 | might chose the wrong one unless you load the correct one yourself. |
1111 | might choose the wrong one unless you load the correct one yourself. |
1029 | |
1112 | |
1030 | You can chose to use a pure-perl implementation by loading the |
1113 | You can chose to use a pure-perl implementation by loading the |
1031 | C<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl> module, which gives you similar behaviour |
1114 | C<AnyEvent::Loop> module, which gives you similar behaviour |
1032 | everywhere, but letting AnyEvent chose the model is generally better. |
1115 | everywhere, but letting AnyEvent chose the model is generally better. |
1033 | |
1116 | |
1034 | =head2 MAINLOOP EMULATION |
1117 | =head2 MAINLOOP EMULATION |
1035 | |
1118 | |
1036 | Sometimes (often for short test scripts, or even standalone programs who |
1119 | Sometimes (often for short test scripts, or even standalone programs who |
… | |
… | |
1049 | |
1132 | |
1050 | |
1133 | |
1051 | =head1 OTHER MODULES |
1134 | =head1 OTHER MODULES |
1052 | |
1135 | |
1053 | The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use |
1136 | The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use |
1054 | AnyEvent as a client and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent |
1137 | AnyEvent as a client and can therefore be mixed easily with other |
1055 | modules and other event loops in the same program. Some of the modules |
1138 | AnyEvent modules and other event loops in the same program. Some of the |
1056 | come with AnyEvent, most are available via CPAN. |
1139 | modules come as part of AnyEvent, the others are available via CPAN (see |
|
|
1140 | L<http://search.cpan.org/search?m=module&q=anyevent%3A%3A*> for |
|
|
1141 | a longer non-exhaustive list), and the list is heavily biased towards |
|
|
1142 | modules of the AnyEvent author himself :) |
1057 | |
1143 | |
1058 | =over 4 |
1144 | =over 4 |
1059 | |
1145 | |
1060 | =item L<AnyEvent::Util> |
1146 | =item L<AnyEvent::Util> |
1061 | |
1147 | |
1062 | Contains various utility functions that replace often-used but blocking |
1148 | Contains various utility functions that replace often-used blocking |
1063 | functions such as C<inet_aton> by event-/callback-based versions. |
1149 | functions such as C<inet_aton> with event/callback-based versions. |
1064 | |
1150 | |
1065 | =item L<AnyEvent::Socket> |
1151 | =item L<AnyEvent::Socket> |
1066 | |
1152 | |
1067 | Provides various utility functions for (internet protocol) sockets, |
1153 | Provides various utility functions for (internet protocol) sockets, |
1068 | addresses and name resolution. Also functions to create non-blocking tcp |
1154 | addresses and name resolution. Also functions to create non-blocking tcp |
… | |
… | |
1070 | |
1156 | |
1071 | =item L<AnyEvent::Handle> |
1157 | =item L<AnyEvent::Handle> |
1072 | |
1158 | |
1073 | Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes, |
1159 | Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes, |
1074 | supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and |
1160 | supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and |
1075 | non-blocking SSL/TLS (via L<AnyEvent::TLS>. |
1161 | non-blocking SSL/TLS (via L<AnyEvent::TLS>). |
1076 | |
1162 | |
1077 | =item L<AnyEvent::DNS> |
1163 | =item L<AnyEvent::DNS> |
1078 | |
1164 | |
1079 | Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities. |
1165 | Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities. |
1080 | |
1166 | |
|
|
1167 | =item L<AnyEvent::HTTP>, L<AnyEvent::IRC>, L<AnyEvent::XMPP>, L<AnyEvent::GPSD>, L<AnyEvent::IGS>, L<AnyEvent::FCP> |
|
|
1168 | |
|
|
1169 | Implement event-based interfaces to the protocols of the same name (for |
|
|
1170 | the curious, IGS is the International Go Server and FCP is the Freenet |
|
|
1171 | Client Protocol). |
|
|
1172 | |
1081 | =item L<AnyEvent::HTTP> |
1173 | =item L<AnyEvent::AIO> |
1082 | |
1174 | |
1083 | A simple-to-use HTTP library that is capable of making a lot of concurrent |
1175 | Truly asynchronous (as opposed to non-blocking) I/O, should be in the |
1084 | HTTP requests. |
1176 | toolbox of every event programmer. AnyEvent::AIO transparently fuses |
|
|
1177 | L<IO::AIO> and AnyEvent together, giving AnyEvent access to event-based |
|
|
1178 | file I/O, and much more. |
|
|
1179 | |
|
|
1180 | =item L<AnyEvent::Filesys::Notify> |
|
|
1181 | |
|
|
1182 | AnyEvent is good for non-blocking stuff, but it can't detect file or |
|
|
1183 | path changes (e.g. "watch this directory for new files", "watch this |
|
|
1184 | file for changes"). The L<AnyEvent::Filesys::Notify> module promises to |
|
|
1185 | do just that in a portbale fashion, supporting inotify on GNU/Linux and |
|
|
1186 | some weird, without doubt broken, stuff on OS X to monitor files. It can |
|
|
1187 | fall back to blocking scans at regular intervals transparently on other |
|
|
1188 | platforms, so it's about as portable as it gets. |
|
|
1189 | |
|
|
1190 | (I haven't used it myself, but I haven't heard anybody complaining about |
|
|
1191 | it yet). |
|
|
1192 | |
|
|
1193 | =item L<AnyEvent::DBI> |
|
|
1194 | |
|
|
1195 | Executes L<DBI> requests asynchronously in a proxy process for you, |
|
|
1196 | notifying you in an event-based way when the operation is finished. |
1085 | |
1197 | |
1086 | =item L<AnyEvent::HTTPD> |
1198 | =item L<AnyEvent::HTTPD> |
1087 | |
1199 | |
1088 | Provides a simple web application server framework. |
1200 | A simple embedded webserver. |
1089 | |
1201 | |
1090 | =item L<AnyEvent::FastPing> |
1202 | =item L<AnyEvent::FastPing> |
1091 | |
1203 | |
1092 | The fastest ping in the west. |
1204 | The fastest ping in the west. |
1093 | |
1205 | |
1094 | =item L<AnyEvent::DBI> |
|
|
1095 | |
|
|
1096 | Executes L<DBI> requests asynchronously in a proxy process. |
|
|
1097 | |
|
|
1098 | =item L<AnyEvent::AIO> |
|
|
1099 | |
|
|
1100 | Truly asynchronous I/O, should be in the toolbox of every event |
|
|
1101 | programmer. AnyEvent::AIO transparently fuses L<IO::AIO> and AnyEvent |
|
|
1102 | together. |
|
|
1103 | |
|
|
1104 | =item L<AnyEvent::BDB> |
|
|
1105 | |
|
|
1106 | Truly asynchronous Berkeley DB access. AnyEvent::BDB transparently fuses |
|
|
1107 | L<BDB> and AnyEvent together. |
|
|
1108 | |
|
|
1109 | =item L<AnyEvent::GPSD> |
|
|
1110 | |
|
|
1111 | A non-blocking interface to gpsd, a daemon delivering GPS information. |
|
|
1112 | |
|
|
1113 | =item L<AnyEvent::IRC> |
|
|
1114 | |
|
|
1115 | AnyEvent based IRC client module family (replacing the older Net::IRC3). |
|
|
1116 | |
|
|
1117 | =item L<AnyEvent::XMPP> |
|
|
1118 | |
|
|
1119 | AnyEvent based XMPP (Jabber protocol) module family (replacing the older |
|
|
1120 | Net::XMPP2>. |
|
|
1121 | |
|
|
1122 | =item L<AnyEvent::IGS> |
|
|
1123 | |
|
|
1124 | A non-blocking interface to the Internet Go Server protocol (used by |
|
|
1125 | L<App::IGS>). |
|
|
1126 | |
|
|
1127 | =item L<Net::FCP> |
|
|
1128 | |
|
|
1129 | AnyEvent-based implementation of the Freenet Client Protocol, birthplace |
|
|
1130 | of AnyEvent. |
|
|
1131 | |
|
|
1132 | =item L<Event::ExecFlow> |
|
|
1133 | |
|
|
1134 | High level API for event-based execution flow control. |
|
|
1135 | |
|
|
1136 | =item L<Coro> |
1206 | =item L<Coro> |
1137 | |
1207 | |
1138 | Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>. |
1208 | Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>, which allows you |
|
|
1209 | to simply invert the flow control - don't call us, we will call you: |
|
|
1210 | |
|
|
1211 | async { |
|
|
1212 | Coro::AnyEvent::sleep 5; # creates a 5s timer and waits for it |
|
|
1213 | print "5 seconds later!\n"; |
|
|
1214 | |
|
|
1215 | Coro::AnyEvent::readable *STDIN; # uses an I/O watcher |
|
|
1216 | my $line = <STDIN>; # works for ttys |
|
|
1217 | |
|
|
1218 | AnyEvent::HTTP::http_get "url", Coro::rouse_cb; |
|
|
1219 | my ($body, $hdr) = Coro::rouse_wait; |
|
|
1220 | }; |
1139 | |
1221 | |
1140 | =back |
1222 | =back |
1141 | |
1223 | |
1142 | =cut |
1224 | =cut |
1143 | |
1225 | |
1144 | package AnyEvent; |
1226 | package AnyEvent; |
1145 | |
1227 | |
1146 | # basically a tuned-down version of common::sense |
1228 | # basically a tuned-down version of common::sense |
1147 | sub common_sense { |
1229 | sub common_sense { |
1148 | # from common:.sense 1.0 |
1230 | # from common:.sense 3.4 |
1149 | ${^WARNING_BITS} = "\xfc\x3f\x33\x00\x0f\xf3\xcf\xc0\xf3\xfc\x33\x00"; |
1231 | ${^WARNING_BITS} ^= ${^WARNING_BITS} ^ "\x3c\x3f\x33\x00\x0f\xf0\x0f\xc0\xf0\xfc\x33\x00"; |
1150 | # use strict vars subs - NO UTF-8, as Util.pm doesn't like this atm. (uts46data.pl) |
1232 | # use strict vars subs - NO UTF-8, as Util.pm doesn't like this atm. (uts46data.pl) |
1151 | $^H |= 0x00000600; |
1233 | $^H |= 0x00000600; |
1152 | } |
1234 | } |
1153 | |
1235 | |
1154 | BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense } |
1236 | BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense } |
1155 | |
1237 | |
1156 | use Carp (); |
1238 | use Carp (); |
1157 | |
1239 | |
1158 | our $VERSION = '5.22'; |
1240 | our $VERSION = '6.02'; |
1159 | our $MODEL; |
1241 | our $MODEL; |
1160 | |
1242 | |
1161 | our $AUTOLOAD; |
|
|
1162 | our @ISA; |
1243 | our @ISA; |
1163 | |
1244 | |
1164 | our @REGISTRY; |
1245 | our @REGISTRY; |
1165 | |
1246 | |
1166 | our $VERBOSE; |
1247 | our $VERBOSE; |
1167 | |
1248 | |
1168 | BEGIN { |
1249 | BEGIN { |
1169 | eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }"; |
1250 | require "AnyEvent/constants.pl"; |
|
|
1251 | |
1170 | eval "sub TAINT(){ " . (${^TAINT}*1) . " }"; |
1252 | eval "sub TAINT (){" . (${^TAINT}*1) . "}"; |
1171 | |
1253 | |
1172 | delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV} |
1254 | delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV} |
1173 | if ${^TAINT}; |
1255 | if ${^TAINT}; |
1174 | |
1256 | |
1175 | $VERBOSE = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1; |
1257 | $ENV{"PERL_ANYEVENT_$_"} = $ENV{"AE_$_"} |
|
|
1258 | for grep s/^AE_// && !exists $ENV{"PERL_ANYEVENT_$_"}, keys %ENV; |
1176 | |
1259 | |
|
|
1260 | @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV} = () |
|
|
1261 | if ${^TAINT}; |
|
|
1262 | |
|
|
1263 | $VERBOSE = length $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE} ? $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1 : 3; |
1177 | } |
1264 | } |
1178 | |
1265 | |
1179 | our $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY = 10; |
1266 | our $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY = 10; |
1180 | |
1267 | |
1181 | our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4|ipv6) => (1|2), higher numbers are preferred |
1268 | our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4|ipv6) => (1|2), higher numbers are preferred |
… | |
… | |
1185 | $PROTOCOL{$_} = ++$idx |
1272 | $PROTOCOL{$_} = ++$idx |
1186 | for reverse split /\s*,\s*/, |
1273 | for reverse split /\s*,\s*/, |
1187 | $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} || "ipv4,ipv6"; |
1274 | $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} || "ipv4,ipv6"; |
1188 | } |
1275 | } |
1189 | |
1276 | |
|
|
1277 | our @post_detect; |
|
|
1278 | |
|
|
1279 | sub post_detect(&) { |
|
|
1280 | my ($cb) = @_; |
|
|
1281 | |
|
|
1282 | push @post_detect, $cb; |
|
|
1283 | |
|
|
1284 | defined wantarray |
|
|
1285 | ? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect" |
|
|
1286 | : () |
|
|
1287 | } |
|
|
1288 | |
|
|
1289 | sub AnyEvent::Util::postdetect::DESTROY { |
|
|
1290 | @post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect; |
|
|
1291 | } |
|
|
1292 | |
|
|
1293 | our $POSTPONE_W; |
|
|
1294 | our @POSTPONE; |
|
|
1295 | |
|
|
1296 | sub _postpone_exec { |
|
|
1297 | undef $POSTPONE_W; |
|
|
1298 | |
|
|
1299 | &{ shift @POSTPONE } |
|
|
1300 | while @POSTPONE; |
|
|
1301 | } |
|
|
1302 | |
|
|
1303 | sub postpone(&) { |
|
|
1304 | push @POSTPONE, shift; |
|
|
1305 | |
|
|
1306 | $POSTPONE_W ||= AE::timer (0, 0, \&_postpone_exec); |
|
|
1307 | |
|
|
1308 | () |
|
|
1309 | } |
|
|
1310 | |
|
|
1311 | sub log($$;@) { |
|
|
1312 | # only load the big bloated module when we actually are about to log something |
|
|
1313 | if ($_[0] <= $VERBOSE) { # also catches non-numeric levels(!) |
|
|
1314 | require AnyEvent::Log; |
|
|
1315 | # AnyEvent::Log overwrites this function |
|
|
1316 | goto &log; |
|
|
1317 | } |
|
|
1318 | |
|
|
1319 | 0 # not logged |
|
|
1320 | } |
|
|
1321 | |
|
|
1322 | if (length $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_LOG}) { |
|
|
1323 | require AnyEvent::Log; # AnyEvent::Log does the thing for us |
|
|
1324 | } |
|
|
1325 | |
1190 | my @models = ( |
1326 | our @models = ( |
1191 | [EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV:: , 1], |
1327 | [EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV:: , 1], |
1192 | [AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: , 1], |
1328 | [AnyEvent::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: , 1], |
1193 | # everything below here will not (normally) be autoprobed |
1329 | # everything below here will not (normally) be autoprobed |
1194 | # as the pureperl backend should work everywhere |
1330 | # as the pure perl backend should work everywhere |
1195 | # and is usually faster |
1331 | # and is usually faster |
1196 | [Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::, 1], |
1332 | [Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::, 1], |
1197 | [Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib:: , 1], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers |
1333 | [Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib:: , 1], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers |
1198 | [Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy |
1334 | [Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy |
1199 | [Irssi:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi::], # Irssi has a bogus "Event" package |
1335 | [Irssi:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi::], # Irssi has a bogus "Event" package |
1200 | [Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles |
1336 | [Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles |
1201 | [Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program |
1337 | [Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program |
1202 | [POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza |
1338 | [POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza |
1203 | [Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
1339 | [Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
1204 | [Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
1340 | [Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
1205 | # IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its |
1341 | [IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # a bitch to autodetect |
1206 | # byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others. |
1342 | [Cocoa::EventLoop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Cocoa::], |
1207 | # IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any |
1343 | [FLTK:: => AnyEvent::Impl::FLTK::], |
1208 | # obvious default class. |
|
|
1209 | [IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program |
|
|
1210 | [IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program |
|
|
1211 | [IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program |
|
|
1212 | [AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program |
|
|
1213 | ); |
1344 | ); |
1214 | |
1345 | |
1215 | our %method = map +($_ => 1), |
1346 | our @isa_hook; |
|
|
1347 | |
|
|
1348 | sub _isa_set { |
|
|
1349 | my @pkg = ("AnyEvent", (map $_->[0], grep defined, @isa_hook), $MODEL); |
|
|
1350 | |
|
|
1351 | @{"$pkg[$_-1]::ISA"} = $pkg[$_] |
|
|
1352 | for 1 .. $#pkg; |
|
|
1353 | |
|
|
1354 | grep $_ && $_->[1], @isa_hook |
|
|
1355 | and AE::_reset (); |
|
|
1356 | } |
|
|
1357 | |
|
|
1358 | # used for hooking AnyEvent::Strict and AnyEvent::Debug::Wrap into the class hierarchy |
|
|
1359 | sub _isa_hook($$;$) { |
|
|
1360 | my ($i, $pkg, $reset_ae) = @_; |
|
|
1361 | |
|
|
1362 | $isa_hook[$i] = $pkg ? [$pkg, $reset_ae] : undef; |
|
|
1363 | |
|
|
1364 | _isa_set; |
|
|
1365 | } |
|
|
1366 | |
|
|
1367 | # all autoloaded methods reserve the complete glob, not just the method slot. |
|
|
1368 | # due to bugs in perls method cache implementation. |
1216 | qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY); |
1369 | our @methods = qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar); |
1217 | |
1370 | |
1218 | our @post_detect; |
|
|
1219 | |
|
|
1220 | sub post_detect(&) { |
1371 | sub detect() { |
1221 | my ($cb) = @_; |
1372 | return $MODEL if $MODEL; # some programs keep references to detect |
1222 | |
1373 | |
1223 | if ($MODEL) { |
1374 | local $!; # for good measure |
1224 | $cb->(); |
1375 | local $SIG{__DIE__}; # we use eval |
1225 | |
1376 | |
1226 | undef |
1377 | # free some memory |
|
|
1378 | *detect = sub () { $MODEL }; |
|
|
1379 | # undef &func doesn't correctly update the method cache. grmbl. |
|
|
1380 | # so we delete the whole glob. grmbl. |
|
|
1381 | # otoh, perl doesn't let me undef an active usb, but it lets me free |
|
|
1382 | # a glob with an active sub. hrm. i hope it works, but perl is |
|
|
1383 | # usually buggy in this department. sigh. |
|
|
1384 | delete @{"AnyEvent::"}{@methods}; |
|
|
1385 | undef @methods; |
|
|
1386 | |
|
|
1387 | if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z0-9:]+)$/) { |
|
|
1388 | my $model = $1; |
|
|
1389 | $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$model" unless $model =~ s/::$//; |
|
|
1390 | if (eval "require $model") { |
|
|
1391 | AnyEvent::log 7 => "loaded model '$model' (forced by \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}), using it."; |
|
|
1392 | $MODEL = $model; |
1227 | } else { |
1393 | } else { |
1228 | push @post_detect, $cb; |
1394 | AnyEvent::log 5 => "unable to load model '$model' (from \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}):\n$@"; |
1229 | |
1395 | } |
1230 | defined wantarray |
|
|
1231 | ? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect" |
|
|
1232 | : () |
|
|
1233 | } |
1396 | } |
1234 | } |
|
|
1235 | |
1397 | |
1236 | sub AnyEvent::Util::postdetect::DESTROY { |
1398 | # check for already loaded models |
1237 | @post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect; |
|
|
1238 | } |
|
|
1239 | |
|
|
1240 | sub detect() { |
|
|
1241 | unless ($MODEL) { |
1399 | unless ($MODEL) { |
1242 | local $SIG{__DIE__}; |
1400 | for (@REGISTRY, @models) { |
1243 | |
1401 | my ($package, $model) = @$_; |
1244 | if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) { |
1402 | if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) { |
1245 | my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1"; |
|
|
1246 | if (eval "require $model") { |
1403 | if (eval "require $model") { |
|
|
1404 | AnyEvent::log 7 => "autodetected model '$model', using it."; |
1247 | $MODEL = $model; |
1405 | $MODEL = $model; |
1248 | warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}), using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2; |
1406 | last; |
1249 | } else { |
1407 | } |
1250 | warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}):\n$@" if $VERBOSE; |
|
|
1251 | } |
1408 | } |
1252 | } |
1409 | } |
1253 | |
1410 | |
1254 | # check for already loaded models |
|
|
1255 | unless ($MODEL) { |
1411 | unless ($MODEL) { |
|
|
1412 | # try to autoload a model |
1256 | for (@REGISTRY, @models) { |
1413 | for (@REGISTRY, @models) { |
1257 | my ($package, $model) = @$_; |
1414 | my ($package, $model, $autoload) = @$_; |
|
|
1415 | if ( |
|
|
1416 | $autoload |
|
|
1417 | and eval "require $package" |
1258 | if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) { |
1418 | and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0 |
1259 | if (eval "require $model") { |
1419 | and eval "require $model" |
|
|
1420 | ) { |
|
|
1421 | AnyEvent::log 7 => "autoloaded model '$model', using it."; |
1260 | $MODEL = $model; |
1422 | $MODEL = $model; |
1261 | warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2; |
|
|
1262 | last; |
1423 | last; |
1263 | } |
|
|
1264 | } |
1424 | } |
1265 | } |
1425 | } |
1266 | |
1426 | |
1267 | unless ($MODEL) { |
|
|
1268 | # try to autoload a model |
|
|
1269 | for (@REGISTRY, @models) { |
|
|
1270 | my ($package, $model, $autoload) = @$_; |
|
|
1271 | if ( |
|
|
1272 | $autoload |
|
|
1273 | and eval "require $package" |
|
|
1274 | and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0 |
|
|
1275 | and eval "require $model" |
|
|
1276 | ) { |
|
|
1277 | $MODEL = $model; |
|
|
1278 | warn "AnyEvent: autoloaded model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2; |
|
|
1279 | last; |
|
|
1280 | } |
|
|
1281 | } |
|
|
1282 | |
|
|
1283 | $MODEL |
1427 | $MODEL |
1284 | or die "No event module selected for AnyEvent and autodetect failed. Install any one of these modules: EV, Event or Glib.\n"; |
1428 | or die "AnyEvent: backend autodetection failed - did you properly install AnyEvent?"; |
1285 | } |
|
|
1286 | } |
1429 | } |
1287 | |
|
|
1288 | push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base"; |
|
|
1289 | |
|
|
1290 | unshift @ISA, $MODEL; |
|
|
1291 | |
|
|
1292 | require AnyEvent::Strict if $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT}; |
|
|
1293 | |
|
|
1294 | (shift @post_detect)->() while @post_detect; |
|
|
1295 | } |
1430 | } |
1296 | |
1431 | |
|
|
1432 | # free memory only needed for probing |
|
|
1433 | undef @models; |
|
|
1434 | undef @REGISTRY; |
|
|
1435 | |
|
|
1436 | push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base"; |
|
|
1437 | |
|
|
1438 | # now nuke some methods that are overridden by the backend. |
|
|
1439 | # SUPER usage is not allowed in these. |
|
|
1440 | for (qw(time signal child idle)) { |
|
|
1441 | undef &{"AnyEvent::Base::$_"} |
|
|
1442 | if defined &{"$MODEL\::$_"}; |
|
|
1443 | } |
|
|
1444 | |
|
|
1445 | _isa_set; |
|
|
1446 | |
|
|
1447 | # we're officially open! |
|
|
1448 | |
|
|
1449 | if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT}) { |
|
|
1450 | require AnyEvent::Strict; |
|
|
1451 | } |
|
|
1452 | |
|
|
1453 | if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_WRAP}) { |
|
|
1454 | require AnyEvent::Debug; |
|
|
1455 | AnyEvent::Debug::wrap ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_WRAP}); |
|
|
1456 | } |
|
|
1457 | |
|
|
1458 | if (length $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_SHELL}) { |
|
|
1459 | require AnyEvent::Socket; |
|
|
1460 | require AnyEvent::Debug; |
|
|
1461 | |
|
|
1462 | my $shell = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_SHELL}; |
|
|
1463 | $shell =~ s/\$\$/$$/g; |
|
|
1464 | |
|
|
1465 | my ($host, $service) = AnyEvent::Socket::parse_hostport ($shell); |
|
|
1466 | $AnyEvent::Debug::SHELL = AnyEvent::Debug::shell ($host, $service); |
|
|
1467 | } |
|
|
1468 | |
|
|
1469 | # now the anyevent environment is set up as the user told us to, so |
|
|
1470 | # call the actual user code - post detects |
|
|
1471 | |
|
|
1472 | (shift @post_detect)->() while @post_detect; |
|
|
1473 | undef @post_detect; |
|
|
1474 | |
|
|
1475 | *post_detect = sub(&) { |
|
|
1476 | shift->(); |
|
|
1477 | |
|
|
1478 | undef |
|
|
1479 | }; |
|
|
1480 | |
1297 | $MODEL |
1481 | $MODEL |
1298 | } |
1482 | } |
1299 | |
1483 | |
1300 | sub AUTOLOAD { |
1484 | for my $name (@methods) { |
1301 | (my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://; |
1485 | *$name = sub { |
1302 | |
1486 | detect; |
1303 | $method{$func} |
1487 | # we use goto because |
1304 | or Carp::croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects"; |
1488 | # a) it makes the thunk more transparent |
1305 | |
1489 | # b) it allows us to delete the thunk later |
1306 | detect unless $MODEL; |
1490 | goto &{ UNIVERSAL::can AnyEvent => "SUPER::$name" } |
1307 | |
1491 | }; |
1308 | my $class = shift; |
|
|
1309 | $class->$func (@_); |
|
|
1310 | } |
1492 | } |
1311 | |
1493 | |
1312 | # utility function to dup a filehandle. this is used by many backends |
1494 | # utility function to dup a filehandle. this is used by many backends |
1313 | # to support binding more than one watcher per filehandle (they usually |
1495 | # to support binding more than one watcher per filehandle (they usually |
1314 | # allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one). |
1496 | # allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one). |
… | |
… | |
1328 | |
1510 | |
1329 | =head1 SIMPLIFIED AE API |
1511 | =head1 SIMPLIFIED AE API |
1330 | |
1512 | |
1331 | Starting with version 5.0, AnyEvent officially supports a second, much |
1513 | Starting with version 5.0, AnyEvent officially supports a second, much |
1332 | simpler, API that is designed to reduce the calling, typing and memory |
1514 | simpler, API that is designed to reduce the calling, typing and memory |
1333 | overhead. |
1515 | overhead by using function call syntax and a fixed number of parameters. |
1334 | |
1516 | |
1335 | See the L<AE> manpage for details. |
1517 | See the L<AE> manpage for details. |
1336 | |
1518 | |
1337 | =cut |
1519 | =cut |
1338 | |
1520 | |
1339 | package AE; |
1521 | package AE; |
1340 | |
1522 | |
1341 | our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION; |
1523 | our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION; |
1342 | |
1524 | |
|
|
1525 | sub _reset() { |
|
|
1526 | eval q{ |
|
|
1527 | # fall back to the main API by default - backends and AnyEvent::Base |
|
|
1528 | # implementations can overwrite these. |
|
|
1529 | |
1343 | sub io($$$) { |
1530 | sub io($$$) { |
1344 | AnyEvent->io (fh => $_[0], poll => $_[1] ? "w" : "r", cb => $_[2]) |
1531 | AnyEvent->io (fh => $_[0], poll => $_[1] ? "w" : "r", cb => $_[2]) |
1345 | } |
1532 | } |
1346 | |
1533 | |
1347 | sub timer($$$) { |
1534 | sub timer($$$) { |
1348 | AnyEvent->timer (after => $_[0], interval => $_[1], cb => $_[2]) |
1535 | AnyEvent->timer (after => $_[0], interval => $_[1], cb => $_[2]) |
1349 | } |
1536 | } |
1350 | |
1537 | |
1351 | sub signal($$) { |
1538 | sub signal($$) { |
1352 | AnyEvent->signal (signal => $_[0], cb => $_[1]) |
1539 | AnyEvent->signal (signal => $_[0], cb => $_[1]) |
1353 | } |
1540 | } |
1354 | |
1541 | |
1355 | sub child($$) { |
1542 | sub child($$) { |
1356 | AnyEvent->child (pid => $_[0], cb => $_[1]) |
1543 | AnyEvent->child (pid => $_[0], cb => $_[1]) |
1357 | } |
1544 | } |
1358 | |
1545 | |
1359 | sub idle($) { |
1546 | sub idle($) { |
1360 | AnyEvent->idle (cb => $_[0]) |
1547 | AnyEvent->idle (cb => $_[0]); |
1361 | } |
1548 | } |
1362 | |
1549 | |
1363 | sub cv(;&) { |
1550 | sub cv(;&) { |
1364 | AnyEvent->condvar (@_ ? (cb => $_[0]) : ()) |
1551 | AnyEvent->condvar (@_ ? (cb => $_[0]) : ()) |
1365 | } |
1552 | } |
1366 | |
1553 | |
1367 | sub now() { |
1554 | sub now() { |
1368 | AnyEvent->now |
1555 | AnyEvent->now |
1369 | } |
1556 | } |
1370 | |
1557 | |
1371 | sub now_update() { |
1558 | sub now_update() { |
1372 | AnyEvent->now_update |
1559 | AnyEvent->now_update |
1373 | } |
1560 | } |
1374 | |
1561 | |
1375 | sub time() { |
1562 | sub time() { |
1376 | AnyEvent->time |
1563 | AnyEvent->time |
|
|
1564 | } |
|
|
1565 | |
|
|
1566 | *postpone = \&AnyEvent::postpone; |
|
|
1567 | *log = \&AnyEvent::log; |
|
|
1568 | }; |
|
|
1569 | die if $@; |
1377 | } |
1570 | } |
|
|
1571 | |
|
|
1572 | BEGIN { _reset } |
1378 | |
1573 | |
1379 | package AnyEvent::Base; |
1574 | package AnyEvent::Base; |
1380 | |
1575 | |
1381 | # default implementations for many methods |
1576 | # default implementations for many methods |
1382 | |
1577 | |
1383 | sub _time() { |
1578 | sub time { |
|
|
1579 | eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {} |
1384 | # probe for availability of Time::HiRes |
1580 | # probe for availability of Time::HiRes |
1385 | if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") { |
1581 | if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") { |
1386 | warn "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8; |
1582 | *time = sub { Time::HiRes::time () }; |
1387 | *_time = \&Time::HiRes::time; |
1583 | *AE::time = \& Time::HiRes::time ; |
|
|
1584 | *now = \&time; |
|
|
1585 | AnyEvent::log 8 => "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy."; |
1388 | # if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())... |
1586 | # if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())... |
1389 | } else { |
1587 | } else { |
|
|
1588 | *time = sub { CORE::time }; |
|
|
1589 | *AE::time = sub (){ CORE::time }; |
|
|
1590 | *now = \&time; |
1390 | warn "AnyEvent: using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!\n" if $VERBOSE; |
1591 | AnyEvent::log 3 => "using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!"; |
1391 | *_time = sub { time }; # epic fail |
1592 | } |
1392 | } |
1593 | }; |
|
|
1594 | die if $@; |
1393 | |
1595 | |
1394 | &_time |
1596 | &time |
1395 | } |
1597 | } |
1396 | |
1598 | |
1397 | sub time { _time } |
1599 | *now = \&time; |
1398 | sub now { _time } |
|
|
1399 | sub now_update { } |
1600 | sub now_update { } |
1400 | |
1601 | |
|
|
1602 | sub _poll { |
|
|
1603 | Carp::croak "$AnyEvent::MODEL does not support blocking waits. Caught"; |
|
|
1604 | } |
|
|
1605 | |
1401 | # default implementation for ->condvar |
1606 | # default implementation for ->condvar |
|
|
1607 | # in fact, the default should not be overwritten |
1402 | |
1608 | |
1403 | sub condvar { |
1609 | sub condvar { |
|
|
1610 | eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {} |
|
|
1611 | *condvar = sub { |
1404 | bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar" |
1612 | bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar" |
|
|
1613 | }; |
|
|
1614 | |
|
|
1615 | *AE::cv = sub (;&) { |
|
|
1616 | bless { @_ ? (_ae_cb => shift) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar" |
|
|
1617 | }; |
|
|
1618 | }; |
|
|
1619 | die if $@; |
|
|
1620 | |
|
|
1621 | &condvar |
1405 | } |
1622 | } |
1406 | |
1623 | |
1407 | # default implementation for ->signal |
1624 | # default implementation for ->signal |
1408 | |
1625 | |
1409 | our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT; |
1626 | our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT; |
… | |
… | |
1418 | |
1635 | |
1419 | our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO); |
1636 | our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO); |
1420 | our (%SIG_ASY, %SIG_ASY_W); |
1637 | our (%SIG_ASY, %SIG_ASY_W); |
1421 | our ($SIG_COUNT, $SIG_TW); |
1638 | our ($SIG_COUNT, $SIG_TW); |
1422 | |
1639 | |
1423 | sub _signal_exec { |
|
|
1424 | $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT |
|
|
1425 | ? $SIGPIPE_R->drain |
|
|
1426 | : sysread $SIGPIPE_R, (my $dummy), 9; |
|
|
1427 | |
|
|
1428 | while (%SIG_EV) { |
|
|
1429 | for (keys %SIG_EV) { |
|
|
1430 | delete $SIG_EV{$_}; |
|
|
1431 | $_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} || {} }; |
|
|
1432 | } |
|
|
1433 | } |
|
|
1434 | } |
|
|
1435 | |
|
|
1436 | # install a dummy wakeup watcher to reduce signal catching latency |
1640 | # install a dummy wakeup watcher to reduce signal catching latency |
|
|
1641 | # used by Impls |
1437 | sub _sig_add() { |
1642 | sub _sig_add() { |
1438 | unless ($SIG_COUNT++) { |
1643 | unless ($SIG_COUNT++) { |
1439 | # try to align timer on a full-second boundary, if possible |
1644 | # try to align timer on a full-second boundary, if possible |
1440 | my $NOW = AE::now; |
1645 | my $NOW = AE::now; |
1441 | |
1646 | |
… | |
… | |
1451 | undef $SIG_TW |
1656 | undef $SIG_TW |
1452 | unless --$SIG_COUNT; |
1657 | unless --$SIG_COUNT; |
1453 | } |
1658 | } |
1454 | |
1659 | |
1455 | our $_sig_name_init; $_sig_name_init = sub { |
1660 | our $_sig_name_init; $_sig_name_init = sub { |
1456 | eval q{ # poor man's autoloading |
1661 | eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {} |
1457 | undef $_sig_name_init; |
1662 | undef $_sig_name_init; |
1458 | |
1663 | |
1459 | if (_have_async_interrupt) { |
1664 | if (_have_async_interrupt) { |
1460 | *sig2num = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2num; |
1665 | *sig2num = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2num; |
1461 | *sig2name = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2name; |
1666 | *sig2name = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2name; |
… | |
… | |
1485 | |
1690 | |
1486 | sub signal { |
1691 | sub signal { |
1487 | eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {} |
1692 | eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {} |
1488 | # probe for availability of Async::Interrupt |
1693 | # probe for availability of Async::Interrupt |
1489 | if (_have_async_interrupt) { |
1694 | if (_have_async_interrupt) { |
1490 | warn "AnyEvent: using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8; |
1695 | AnyEvent::log 8 => "using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling."; |
1491 | |
1696 | |
1492 | $SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe; |
1697 | $SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe; |
1493 | $SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, 0, \&_signal_exec; |
1698 | $SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, 0, \&_signal_exec; |
1494 | |
1699 | |
1495 | } else { |
1700 | } else { |
1496 | warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8; |
1701 | AnyEvent::log 8 => "using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer."; |
1497 | |
|
|
1498 | require Fcntl; |
|
|
1499 | |
1702 | |
1500 | if (AnyEvent::WIN32) { |
1703 | if (AnyEvent::WIN32) { |
1501 | require AnyEvent::Util; |
1704 | require AnyEvent::Util; |
1502 | |
1705 | |
1503 | ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe (); |
1706 | ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe (); |
1504 | AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R, 1) if $SIGPIPE_R; |
1707 | AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R, 1) if $SIGPIPE_R; |
1505 | AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W, 1) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case |
1708 | AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W, 1) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case |
1506 | } else { |
1709 | } else { |
1507 | pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W; |
1710 | pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W; |
1508 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R; |
1711 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, AnyEvent::F_SETFL, AnyEvent::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R; |
1509 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case |
1712 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, AnyEvent::F_SETFL, AnyEvent::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case |
1510 | |
1713 | |
1511 | # not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure... |
1714 | # not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure... |
1512 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC; |
1715 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, AnyEvent::F_SETFD, AnyEvent::FD_CLOEXEC; |
1513 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC; |
1716 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, AnyEvent::F_SETFD, AnyEvent::FD_CLOEXEC; |
1514 | } |
1717 | } |
1515 | |
1718 | |
1516 | $SIGPIPE_R |
1719 | $SIGPIPE_R |
1517 | or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n"; |
1720 | or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n"; |
1518 | |
1721 | |
1519 | $SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R, 0, \&_signal_exec; |
1722 | $SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R, 0, \&_signal_exec; |
1520 | } |
1723 | } |
1521 | |
1724 | |
1522 | *signal = sub { |
1725 | *signal = $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT |
|
|
1726 | ? sub { |
1523 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1727 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1524 | |
1728 | |
1525 | my $signal = uc $arg{signal} |
|
|
1526 | or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing"; |
|
|
1527 | |
|
|
1528 | if ($HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT) { |
|
|
1529 | # async::interrupt |
1729 | # async::interrupt |
1530 | |
|
|
1531 | $signal = sig2num $signal; |
1730 | my $signal = sig2num $arg{signal}; |
1532 | $SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
1731 | $SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
1533 | |
1732 | |
1534 | $SIG_ASY{$signal} ||= new Async::Interrupt |
1733 | $SIG_ASY{$signal} ||= new Async::Interrupt |
1535 | cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} }, |
1734 | cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} }, |
1536 | signal => $signal, |
1735 | signal => $signal, |
1537 | pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos], |
1736 | pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos], |
1538 | pipe_autodrain => 0, |
1737 | pipe_autodrain => 0, |
1539 | ; |
1738 | ; |
1540 | |
1739 | |
1541 | } else { |
1740 | bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal" |
|
|
1741 | } |
|
|
1742 | : sub { |
|
|
1743 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
|
|
1744 | |
1542 | # pure perl |
1745 | # pure perl |
1543 | |
|
|
1544 | # AE::Util has been loaded in signal |
|
|
1545 | $signal = sig2name $signal; |
1746 | my $signal = sig2name $arg{signal}; |
1546 | $SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
1747 | $SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
1547 | |
1748 | |
1548 | $SIG{$signal} ||= sub { |
1749 | $SIG{$signal} ||= sub { |
1549 | local $!; |
1750 | local $!; |
1550 | syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV; |
1751 | syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV; |
1551 | undef $SIG_EV{$signal}; |
1752 | undef $SIG_EV{$signal}; |
1552 | }; |
1753 | }; |
1553 | |
1754 | |
1554 | # can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl, |
1755 | # can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl, |
1555 | # so limit the signal latency. |
1756 | # so limit the signal latency. |
1556 | _sig_add; |
1757 | _sig_add; |
1557 | } |
|
|
1558 | |
1758 | |
1559 | bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal" |
1759 | bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal" |
|
|
1760 | } |
1560 | }; |
1761 | ; |
1561 | |
1762 | |
1562 | *AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY = sub { |
1763 | *AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY = sub { |
1563 | my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
1764 | my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
1564 | |
1765 | |
1565 | _sig_del; |
1766 | _sig_del; |
… | |
… | |
1572 | # print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit |
1773 | # print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit |
1573 | # instead of getting the default action. |
1774 | # instead of getting the default action. |
1574 | undef $SIG{$signal} |
1775 | undef $SIG{$signal} |
1575 | unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} }; |
1776 | unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} }; |
1576 | }; |
1777 | }; |
|
|
1778 | |
|
|
1779 | *_signal_exec = sub { |
|
|
1780 | $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT |
|
|
1781 | ? $SIGPIPE_R->drain |
|
|
1782 | : sysread $SIGPIPE_R, (my $dummy), 9; |
|
|
1783 | |
|
|
1784 | while (%SIG_EV) { |
|
|
1785 | for (keys %SIG_EV) { |
|
|
1786 | delete $SIG_EV{$_}; |
|
|
1787 | &$_ for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} || {} }; |
|
|
1788 | } |
|
|
1789 | } |
|
|
1790 | }; |
1577 | }; |
1791 | }; |
1578 | die if $@; |
1792 | die if $@; |
|
|
1793 | |
1579 | &signal |
1794 | &signal |
1580 | } |
1795 | } |
1581 | |
1796 | |
1582 | # default implementation for ->child |
1797 | # default implementation for ->child |
1583 | |
1798 | |
1584 | our %PID_CB; |
1799 | our %PID_CB; |
1585 | our $CHLD_W; |
1800 | our $CHLD_W; |
1586 | our $CHLD_DELAY_W; |
1801 | our $CHLD_DELAY_W; |
1587 | our $WNOHANG; |
|
|
1588 | |
1802 | |
|
|
1803 | # used by many Impl's |
1589 | sub _emit_childstatus($$) { |
1804 | sub _emit_childstatus($$) { |
1590 | my (undef, $rpid, $rstatus) = @_; |
1805 | my (undef, $rpid, $rstatus) = @_; |
1591 | |
1806 | |
1592 | $_->($rpid, $rstatus) |
1807 | $_->($rpid, $rstatus) |
1593 | for values %{ $PID_CB{$rpid} || {} }, |
1808 | for values %{ $PID_CB{$rpid} || {} }, |
1594 | values %{ $PID_CB{0} || {} }; |
1809 | values %{ $PID_CB{0} || {} }; |
1595 | } |
1810 | } |
1596 | |
1811 | |
1597 | sub _sigchld { |
|
|
1598 | my $pid; |
|
|
1599 | |
|
|
1600 | AnyEvent->_emit_childstatus ($pid, $?) |
|
|
1601 | while ($pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG) > 0; |
|
|
1602 | } |
|
|
1603 | |
|
|
1604 | sub child { |
1812 | sub child { |
|
|
1813 | eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {} |
|
|
1814 | *_sigchld = sub { |
|
|
1815 | my $pid; |
|
|
1816 | |
|
|
1817 | AnyEvent->_emit_childstatus ($pid, $?) |
|
|
1818 | while ($pid = waitpid -1, WNOHANG) > 0; |
|
|
1819 | }; |
|
|
1820 | |
|
|
1821 | *child = sub { |
1605 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1822 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1606 | |
1823 | |
1607 | defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0) |
1824 | my $pid = $arg{pid}; |
1608 | or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing"; |
1825 | my $cb = $arg{cb}; |
1609 | |
1826 | |
1610 | $PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
1827 | $PID_CB{$pid}{$cb+0} = $cb; |
1611 | |
1828 | |
1612 | # WNOHANG is almost cetrainly 1 everywhere |
|
|
1613 | $WNOHANG ||= $^O =~ /^(?:openbsd|netbsd|linux|freebsd|cygwin|MSWin32)$/ |
|
|
1614 | ? 1 |
|
|
1615 | : eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } || 1; |
|
|
1616 | |
|
|
1617 | unless ($CHLD_W) { |
1829 | unless ($CHLD_W) { |
1618 | $CHLD_W = AE::signal CHLD => \&_sigchld; |
1830 | $CHLD_W = AE::signal CHLD => \&_sigchld; |
1619 | # child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round |
1831 | # child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round |
1620 | &_sigchld; |
1832 | &_sigchld; |
1621 | } |
1833 | } |
1622 | |
1834 | |
1623 | bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child" |
1835 | bless [$pid, $cb+0], "AnyEvent::Base::child" |
1624 | } |
1836 | }; |
1625 | |
1837 | |
1626 | sub AnyEvent::Base::child::DESTROY { |
1838 | *AnyEvent::Base::child::DESTROY = sub { |
1627 | my ($pid, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
1839 | my ($pid, $icb) = @{$_[0]}; |
1628 | |
1840 | |
1629 | delete $PID_CB{$pid}{$cb}; |
1841 | delete $PID_CB{$pid}{$icb}; |
1630 | delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} }; |
1842 | delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} }; |
1631 | |
1843 | |
1632 | undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB; |
1844 | undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB; |
|
|
1845 | }; |
|
|
1846 | }; |
|
|
1847 | die if $@; |
|
|
1848 | |
|
|
1849 | &child |
1633 | } |
1850 | } |
1634 | |
1851 | |
1635 | # idle emulation is done by simply using a timer, regardless |
1852 | # idle emulation is done by simply using a timer, regardless |
1636 | # of whether the process is idle or not, and not letting |
1853 | # of whether the process is idle or not, and not letting |
1637 | # the callback use more than 50% of the time. |
1854 | # the callback use more than 50% of the time. |
1638 | sub idle { |
1855 | sub idle { |
|
|
1856 | eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {} |
|
|
1857 | *idle = sub { |
1639 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1858 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1640 | |
1859 | |
1641 | my ($cb, $w, $rcb) = $arg{cb}; |
1860 | my ($cb, $w, $rcb) = $arg{cb}; |
1642 | |
1861 | |
1643 | $rcb = sub { |
1862 | $rcb = sub { |
1644 | if ($cb) { |
1863 | if ($cb) { |
1645 | $w = _time; |
1864 | $w = AE::time; |
1646 | &$cb; |
1865 | &$cb; |
1647 | $w = _time - $w; |
1866 | $w = AE::time - $w; |
1648 | |
1867 | |
1649 | # never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher, |
1868 | # never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher, |
1650 | # within some limits |
1869 | # within some limits |
1651 | $w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001; |
1870 | $w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001; |
1652 | $w = 5 if $w > 5; |
1871 | $w = 5 if $w > 5; |
1653 | |
1872 | |
1654 | $w = AE::timer $w, 0, $rcb; |
1873 | $w = AE::timer $w, 0, $rcb; |
1655 | } else { |
1874 | } else { |
1656 | # clean up... |
1875 | # clean up... |
1657 | undef $w; |
1876 | undef $w; |
1658 | undef $rcb; |
1877 | undef $rcb; |
|
|
1878 | } |
|
|
1879 | }; |
|
|
1880 | |
|
|
1881 | $w = AE::timer 0.05, 0, $rcb; |
|
|
1882 | |
|
|
1883 | bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle" |
1659 | } |
1884 | }; |
|
|
1885 | |
|
|
1886 | *AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY = sub { |
|
|
1887 | undef $${$_[0]}; |
|
|
1888 | }; |
1660 | }; |
1889 | }; |
|
|
1890 | die if $@; |
1661 | |
1891 | |
1662 | $w = AE::timer 0.05, 0, $rcb; |
1892 | &idle |
1663 | |
|
|
1664 | bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle" |
|
|
1665 | } |
|
|
1666 | |
|
|
1667 | sub AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY { |
|
|
1668 | undef $${$_[0]}; |
|
|
1669 | } |
1893 | } |
1670 | |
1894 | |
1671 | package AnyEvent::CondVar; |
1895 | package AnyEvent::CondVar; |
1672 | |
1896 | |
1673 | our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::; |
1897 | our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::; |
|
|
1898 | |
|
|
1899 | # only to be used for subclassing |
|
|
1900 | sub new { |
|
|
1901 | my $class = shift; |
|
|
1902 | bless AnyEvent->condvar (@_), $class |
|
|
1903 | } |
1674 | |
1904 | |
1675 | package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base; |
1905 | package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base; |
1676 | |
1906 | |
1677 | #use overload |
1907 | #use overload |
1678 | # '&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } }, |
1908 | # '&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } }, |
… | |
… | |
1688 | |
1918 | |
1689 | sub _send { |
1919 | sub _send { |
1690 | # nop |
1920 | # nop |
1691 | } |
1921 | } |
1692 | |
1922 | |
|
|
1923 | sub _wait { |
|
|
1924 | AnyEvent->_poll until $_[0]{_ae_sent}; |
|
|
1925 | } |
|
|
1926 | |
1693 | sub send { |
1927 | sub send { |
1694 | my $cv = shift; |
1928 | my $cv = shift; |
1695 | $cv->{_ae_sent} = [@_]; |
1929 | $cv->{_ae_sent} = [@_]; |
1696 | (delete $cv->{_ae_cb})->($cv) if $cv->{_ae_cb}; |
1930 | (delete $cv->{_ae_cb})->($cv) if $cv->{_ae_cb}; |
1697 | $cv->_send; |
1931 | $cv->_send; |
… | |
… | |
1704 | |
1938 | |
1705 | sub ready { |
1939 | sub ready { |
1706 | $_[0]{_ae_sent} |
1940 | $_[0]{_ae_sent} |
1707 | } |
1941 | } |
1708 | |
1942 | |
1709 | sub _wait { |
|
|
1710 | $WAITING |
|
|
1711 | and !$_[0]{_ae_sent} |
|
|
1712 | and Carp::croak "AnyEvent::CondVar: recursive blocking wait detected"; |
|
|
1713 | |
|
|
1714 | local $WAITING = 1; |
|
|
1715 | AnyEvent->one_event while !$_[0]{_ae_sent}; |
|
|
1716 | } |
|
|
1717 | |
|
|
1718 | sub recv { |
1943 | sub recv { |
|
|
1944 | unless ($_[0]{_ae_sent}) { |
|
|
1945 | $WAITING |
|
|
1946 | and Carp::croak "AnyEvent::CondVar: recursive blocking wait attempted"; |
|
|
1947 | |
|
|
1948 | local $WAITING = 1; |
1719 | $_[0]->_wait; |
1949 | $_[0]->_wait; |
|
|
1950 | } |
1720 | |
1951 | |
1721 | Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak} if $_[0]{_ae_croak}; |
1952 | $_[0]{_ae_croak} |
1722 | wantarray ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0] |
1953 | and Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak}; |
|
|
1954 | |
|
|
1955 | wantarray |
|
|
1956 | ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } |
|
|
1957 | : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0] |
1723 | } |
1958 | } |
1724 | |
1959 | |
1725 | sub cb { |
1960 | sub cb { |
1726 | my $cv = shift; |
1961 | my $cv = shift; |
1727 | |
1962 | |
… | |
… | |
1743 | &{ $_[0]{_ae_end_cb} || sub { $_[0]->send } }; |
1978 | &{ $_[0]{_ae_end_cb} || sub { $_[0]->send } }; |
1744 | } |
1979 | } |
1745 | |
1980 | |
1746 | # undocumented/compatibility with pre-3.4 |
1981 | # undocumented/compatibility with pre-3.4 |
1747 | *broadcast = \&send; |
1982 | *broadcast = \&send; |
1748 | *wait = \&_wait; |
1983 | *wait = \&recv; |
1749 | |
1984 | |
1750 | =head1 ERROR AND EXCEPTION HANDLING |
1985 | =head1 ERROR AND EXCEPTION HANDLING |
1751 | |
1986 | |
1752 | In general, AnyEvent does not do any error handling - it relies on the |
1987 | In general, AnyEvent does not do any error handling - it relies on the |
1753 | caller to do that if required. The L<AnyEvent::Strict> module (see also |
1988 | caller to do that if required. The L<AnyEvent::Strict> module (see also |
… | |
… | |
1765 | $Event/EV::DIED->() >>, L<Glib> uses C<< install_exception_handler >> and |
2000 | $Event/EV::DIED->() >>, L<Glib> uses C<< install_exception_handler >> and |
1766 | so on. |
2001 | so on. |
1767 | |
2002 | |
1768 | =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES |
2003 | =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES |
1769 | |
2004 | |
1770 | The following environment variables are used by this module or its |
2005 | AnyEvent supports a number of environment variables that tune the |
1771 | submodules. |
2006 | runtime behaviour. They are usually evaluated when AnyEvent is |
|
|
2007 | loaded, initialised, or a submodule that uses them is loaded. Many of |
|
|
2008 | them also cause AnyEvent to load additional modules - for example, |
|
|
2009 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_WRAP> causes the L<AnyEvent::Debug> module to be |
|
|
2010 | loaded. |
1772 | |
2011 | |
1773 | Note that AnyEvent will remove I<all> environment variables starting with |
2012 | All the environment variables documented here start with |
1774 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_> from C<%ENV> when it is loaded while taint mode is |
2013 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_>, which is what AnyEvent considers its own |
1775 | enabled. |
2014 | namespace. Other modules are encouraged (but by no means required) to use |
|
|
2015 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_SUBMODULE> if they have registered the AnyEvent::Submodule |
|
|
2016 | namespace on CPAN, for any submodule. For example, L<AnyEvent::HTTP> could |
|
|
2017 | be expected to use C<PERL_ANYEVENT_HTTP_PROXY> (it should not access env |
|
|
2018 | variables starting with C<AE_>, see below). |
|
|
2019 | |
|
|
2020 | All variables can also be set via the C<AE_> prefix, that is, instead |
|
|
2021 | of setting C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE> you can also set C<AE_VERBOSE>. In |
|
|
2022 | case there is a clash btween anyevent and another program that uses |
|
|
2023 | C<AE_something> you can set the corresponding C<PERL_ANYEVENT_something> |
|
|
2024 | variable to the empty string, as those variables take precedence. |
|
|
2025 | |
|
|
2026 | When AnyEvent is first loaded, it copies all C<AE_xxx> env variables |
|
|
2027 | to their C<PERL_ANYEVENT_xxx> counterpart unless that variable already |
|
|
2028 | exists. If taint mode is on, then AnyEvent will remove I<all> environment |
|
|
2029 | variables starting with C<PERL_ANYEVENT_> from C<%ENV> (or replace them |
|
|
2030 | with C<undef> or the empty string, if the corresaponding C<AE_> variable |
|
|
2031 | is set). |
|
|
2032 | |
|
|
2033 | The exact algorithm is currently: |
|
|
2034 | |
|
|
2035 | 1. if taint mode enabled, delete all PERL_ANYEVENT_xyz variables from %ENV |
|
|
2036 | 2. copy over AE_xyz to PERL_ANYEVENT_xyz unless the latter alraedy exists |
|
|
2037 | 3. if taint mode enabled, set all PERL_ANYEVENT_xyz variables to undef. |
|
|
2038 | |
|
|
2039 | This ensures that child processes will not see the C<AE_> variables. |
|
|
2040 | |
|
|
2041 | The following environment variables are currently known to AnyEvent: |
1776 | |
2042 | |
1777 | =over 4 |
2043 | =over 4 |
1778 | |
2044 | |
1779 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE> |
2045 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE> |
1780 | |
2046 | |
1781 | By default, AnyEvent will be completely silent except in fatal |
2047 | By default, AnyEvent will only log messages with loglevel C<3> |
1782 | conditions. You can set this environment variable to make AnyEvent more |
2048 | (C<critical>) or higher (see L<AnyEvent::Log>). You can set this |
|
|
2049 | environment variable to a numerical loglevel to make AnyEvent more (or |
1783 | talkative. |
2050 | less) talkative. |
1784 | |
2051 | |
|
|
2052 | If you want to do more than just set the global logging level |
|
|
2053 | you should have a look at C<PERL_ANYEVENT_LOG>, which allows much more |
|
|
2054 | complex specifications. |
|
|
2055 | |
|
|
2056 | When set to C<0> (C<off>), then no messages whatsoever will be logged with |
|
|
2057 | the default logging settings. |
|
|
2058 | |
1785 | When set to C<1> or higher, causes AnyEvent to warn about unexpected |
2059 | When set to C<5> or higher (C<warn>), causes AnyEvent to warn about |
1786 | conditions, such as not being able to load the event model specified by |
2060 | unexpected conditions, such as not being able to load the event model |
1787 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>. |
2061 | specified by C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>, or a guard callback throwing an |
|
|
2062 | exception - this is the minimum recommended level. |
1788 | |
2063 | |
1789 | When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event |
2064 | When set to C<7> or higher (info), cause AnyEvent to report which event model it |
1790 | model it chooses. |
2065 | chooses. |
1791 | |
2066 | |
1792 | When set to C<8> or higher, then AnyEvent will report extra information on |
2067 | When set to C<8> or higher (debug), then AnyEvent will report extra information on |
1793 | which optional modules it loads and how it implements certain features. |
2068 | which optional modules it loads and how it implements certain features. |
|
|
2069 | |
|
|
2070 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_LOG> |
|
|
2071 | |
|
|
2072 | Accepts rather complex logging specifications. For example, you could log |
|
|
2073 | all C<debug> messages of some module to stderr, warnings and above to |
|
|
2074 | stderr, and errors and above to syslog, with: |
|
|
2075 | |
|
|
2076 | PERL_ANYEVENT_LOG=Some::Module=debug,+log:filter=warn,+%syslog:%syslog=error,syslog |
|
|
2077 | |
|
|
2078 | For the rather extensive details, see L<AnyEvent::Log>. |
|
|
2079 | |
|
|
2080 | This variable is evaluated when AnyEvent (or L<AnyEvent::Log>) is loaded, |
|
|
2081 | so will take effect even before AnyEvent has initialised itself. |
|
|
2082 | |
|
|
2083 | Note that specifying this environment variable causes the L<AnyEvent::Log> |
|
|
2084 | module to be loaded, while C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE> does not, so only |
|
|
2085 | using the latter saves a few hundred kB of memory until the first message |
|
|
2086 | is being logged. |
1794 | |
2087 | |
1795 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT> |
2088 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT> |
1796 | |
2089 | |
1797 | AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough |
2090 | AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough |
1798 | argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value |
2091 | argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value |
… | |
… | |
1800 | check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems, |
2093 | check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems, |
1801 | it will croak. |
2094 | it will croak. |
1802 | |
2095 | |
1803 | In other words, enables "strict" mode. |
2096 | In other words, enables "strict" mode. |
1804 | |
2097 | |
1805 | Unlike C<use strict> (or it's modern cousin, C<< use L<common::sense> |
2098 | Unlike C<use strict> (or its modern cousin, C<< use L<common::sense> |
1806 | >>, it is definitely recommended to keep it off in production. Keeping |
2099 | >>, it is definitely recommended to keep it off in production. Keeping |
1807 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while developing programs |
2100 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while developing programs |
1808 | can be very useful, however. |
2101 | can be very useful, however. |
1809 | |
2102 | |
|
|
2103 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_SHELL> |
|
|
2104 | |
|
|
2105 | If this env variable is set, then its contents will be interpreted by |
|
|
2106 | C<AnyEvent::Socket::parse_hostport> (after replacing every occurance of |
|
|
2107 | C<$$> by the process pid) and an C<AnyEvent::Debug::shell> is bound on |
|
|
2108 | that port. The shell object is saved in C<$AnyEvent::Debug::SHELL>. |
|
|
2109 | |
|
|
2110 | This happens when the first watcher is created. |
|
|
2111 | |
|
|
2112 | For example, to bind a debug shell on a unix domain socket in |
|
|
2113 | F<< /tmp/debug<pid>.sock >>, you could use this: |
|
|
2114 | |
|
|
2115 | PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_SHELL=/tmp/debug\$\$.sock perlprog |
|
|
2116 | |
|
|
2117 | Note that creating sockets in F</tmp> is very unsafe on multiuser |
|
|
2118 | systems. |
|
|
2119 | |
|
|
2120 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_WRAP> |
|
|
2121 | |
|
|
2122 | Can be set to C<0>, C<1> or C<2> and enables wrapping of all watchers for |
|
|
2123 | debugging purposes. See C<AnyEvent::Debug::wrap> for details. |
|
|
2124 | |
1810 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL> |
2125 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL> |
1811 | |
2126 | |
1812 | This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before |
2127 | This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before |
1813 | auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting |
2128 | auto detection and -probing kicks in. |
1814 | entirely of ASCII letters. The string C<AnyEvent::Impl::> gets prepended |
2129 | |
|
|
2130 | It normally is a string consisting entirely of ASCII letters (e.g. C<EV> |
|
|
2131 | or C<IOAsync>). The string C<AnyEvent::Impl::> gets prepended and the |
1815 | and the resulting module name is loaded and if the load was successful, |
2132 | resulting module name is loaded and - if the load was successful - used as |
1816 | used as event model. If it fails to load AnyEvent will proceed with |
2133 | event model backend. If it fails to load then AnyEvent will proceed with |
1817 | auto detection and -probing. |
2134 | auto detection and -probing. |
1818 | |
2135 | |
1819 | This functionality might change in future versions. |
2136 | If the string ends with C<::> instead (e.g. C<AnyEvent::Impl::EV::>) then |
|
|
2137 | nothing gets prepended and the module name is used as-is (hint: C<::> at |
|
|
2138 | the end of a string designates a module name and quotes it appropriately). |
1820 | |
2139 | |
1821 | For example, to force the pure perl model (L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) you |
2140 | For example, to force the pure perl model (L<AnyEvent::Loop::Perl>) you |
1822 | could start your program like this: |
2141 | could start your program like this: |
1823 | |
2142 | |
1824 | PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL=Perl perl ... |
2143 | PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL=Perl perl ... |
1825 | |
2144 | |
1826 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS> |
2145 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS> |
… | |
… | |
1842 | but support both and try to use both. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv4> |
2161 | but support both and try to use both. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv4> |
1843 | - only support IPv4, never try to resolve or contact IPv6 |
2162 | - only support IPv4, never try to resolve or contact IPv6 |
1844 | addresses. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv6,ipv4> support either IPv4 or |
2163 | addresses. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv6,ipv4> support either IPv4 or |
1845 | IPv6, but prefer IPv6 over IPv4. |
2164 | IPv6, but prefer IPv6 over IPv4. |
1846 | |
2165 | |
|
|
2166 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_HOSTS> |
|
|
2167 | |
|
|
2168 | This variable, if specified, overrides the F</etc/hosts> file used by |
|
|
2169 | L<AnyEvent::Socket>C<::resolve_sockaddr>, i.e. hosts aliases will be read |
|
|
2170 | from that file instead. |
|
|
2171 | |
1847 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_EDNS0> |
2172 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_EDNS0> |
1848 | |
2173 | |
1849 | Used by L<AnyEvent::DNS> to decide whether to use the EDNS0 extension |
2174 | Used by L<AnyEvent::DNS> to decide whether to use the EDNS0 extension for |
1850 | for DNS. This extension is generally useful to reduce DNS traffic, but |
2175 | DNS. This extension is generally useful to reduce DNS traffic, especially |
1851 | some (broken) firewalls drop such DNS packets, which is why it is off by |
2176 | when DNSSEC is involved, but some (broken) firewalls drop such DNS |
1852 | default. |
2177 | packets, which is why it is off by default. |
1853 | |
2178 | |
1854 | Setting this variable to C<1> will cause L<AnyEvent::DNS> to announce |
2179 | Setting this variable to C<1> will cause L<AnyEvent::DNS> to announce |
1855 | EDNS0 in its DNS requests. |
2180 | EDNS0 in its DNS requests. |
1856 | |
2181 | |
1857 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS> |
2182 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS> |
… | |
… | |
1865 | resolver - this is the maximum number of parallel DNS requests that are |
2190 | resolver - this is the maximum number of parallel DNS requests that are |
1866 | sent to the DNS server. |
2191 | sent to the DNS server. |
1867 | |
2192 | |
1868 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_RESOLV_CONF> |
2193 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_RESOLV_CONF> |
1869 | |
2194 | |
1870 | The file to use instead of F</etc/resolv.conf> (or OS-specific |
2195 | The absolute path to a F<resolv.conf>-style file to use instead of |
1871 | configuration) in the default resolver. When set to the empty string, no |
2196 | F</etc/resolv.conf> (or the OS-specific configuration) in the default |
1872 | default config will be used. |
2197 | resolver, or the empty string to select the default configuration. |
1873 | |
2198 | |
1874 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_FILE>, C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_PATH>. |
2199 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_FILE>, C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_PATH>. |
1875 | |
2200 | |
1876 | When neither C<ca_file> nor C<ca_path> was specified during |
2201 | When neither C<ca_file> nor C<ca_path> was specified during |
1877 | L<AnyEvent::TLS> context creation, and either of these environment |
2202 | L<AnyEvent::TLS> context creation, and either of these environment |
1878 | variables exist, they will be used to specify CA certificate locations |
2203 | variables are nonempty, they will be used to specify CA certificate |
1879 | instead of a system-dependent default. |
2204 | locations instead of a system-dependent default. |
1880 | |
2205 | |
1881 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_GUARD> and C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT> |
2206 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_GUARD> and C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT> |
1882 | |
2207 | |
1883 | When these are set to C<1>, then the respective modules are not |
2208 | When these are set to C<1>, then the respective modules are not |
1884 | loaded. Mostly good for testing AnyEvent itself. |
2209 | loaded. Mostly good for testing AnyEvent itself. |
… | |
… | |
2032 | |
2357 | |
2033 | The actual code goes further and collects all errors (C<die>s, exceptions) |
2358 | The actual code goes further and collects all errors (C<die>s, exceptions) |
2034 | that occurred during request processing. The C<result> method detects |
2359 | that occurred during request processing. The C<result> method detects |
2035 | whether an exception as thrown (it is stored inside the $txn object) |
2360 | whether an exception as thrown (it is stored inside the $txn object) |
2036 | and just throws the exception, which means connection errors and other |
2361 | and just throws the exception, which means connection errors and other |
2037 | problems get reported tot he code that tries to use the result, not in a |
2362 | problems get reported to the code that tries to use the result, not in a |
2038 | random callback. |
2363 | random callback. |
2039 | |
2364 | |
2040 | All of this enables the following usage styles: |
2365 | All of this enables the following usage styles: |
2041 | |
2366 | |
2042 | 1. Blocking: |
2367 | 1. Blocking: |
… | |
… | |
2216 | (even when used without AnyEvent), but most event loops have acceptable |
2541 | (even when used without AnyEvent), but most event loops have acceptable |
2217 | performance with or without AnyEvent. |
2542 | performance with or without AnyEvent. |
2218 | |
2543 | |
2219 | =item * The overhead AnyEvent adds is usually much smaller than the overhead of |
2544 | =item * The overhead AnyEvent adds is usually much smaller than the overhead of |
2220 | the actual event loop, only with extremely fast event loops such as EV |
2545 | the actual event loop, only with extremely fast event loops such as EV |
2221 | adds AnyEvent significant overhead. |
2546 | does AnyEvent add significant overhead. |
2222 | |
2547 | |
2223 | =item * You should avoid POE like the plague if you want performance or |
2548 | =item * You should avoid POE like the plague if you want performance or |
2224 | reasonable memory usage. |
2549 | reasonable memory usage. |
2225 | |
2550 | |
2226 | =back |
2551 | =back |
… | |
… | |
2456 | unless defined $SIG{PIPE}; |
2781 | unless defined $SIG{PIPE}; |
2457 | |
2782 | |
2458 | =head1 RECOMMENDED/OPTIONAL MODULES |
2783 | =head1 RECOMMENDED/OPTIONAL MODULES |
2459 | |
2784 | |
2460 | One of AnyEvent's main goals is to be 100% Pure-Perl(tm): only perl (and |
2785 | One of AnyEvent's main goals is to be 100% Pure-Perl(tm): only perl (and |
2461 | it's built-in modules) are required to use it. |
2786 | its built-in modules) are required to use it. |
2462 | |
2787 | |
2463 | That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional |
2788 | That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional |
2464 | modules if they are installed. |
2789 | modules if they are installed. |
2465 | |
2790 | |
2466 | This section explains which additional modules will be used, and how they |
2791 | This section explains which additional modules will be used, and how they |
… | |
… | |
2499 | automatic timer adjustments even when no monotonic clock is available, |
2824 | automatic timer adjustments even when no monotonic clock is available, |
2500 | can take avdantage of advanced kernel interfaces such as C<epoll> and |
2825 | can take avdantage of advanced kernel interfaces such as C<epoll> and |
2501 | C<kqueue>, and is the fastest backend I<by far>. You can even embed |
2826 | C<kqueue>, and is the fastest backend I<by far>. You can even embed |
2502 | L<Glib>/L<Gtk2> in it (or vice versa, see L<EV::Glib> and L<Glib::EV>). |
2827 | L<Glib>/L<Gtk2> in it (or vice versa, see L<EV::Glib> and L<Glib::EV>). |
2503 | |
2828 | |
|
|
2829 | If you only use backends that rely on another event loop (e.g. C<Tk>), |
|
|
2830 | then this module will do nothing for you. |
|
|
2831 | |
2504 | =item L<Guard> |
2832 | =item L<Guard> |
2505 | |
2833 | |
2506 | The guard module, when used, will be used to implement |
2834 | The guard module, when used, will be used to implement |
2507 | C<AnyEvent::Util::guard>. This speeds up guards considerably (and uses a |
2835 | C<AnyEvent::Util::guard>. This speeds up guards considerably (and uses a |
2508 | lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is |
2836 | lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is |
2509 | purely used for performance. |
2837 | purely used for performance. |
2510 | |
2838 | |
2511 | =item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS> |
2839 | =item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS> |
2512 | |
2840 | |
2513 | One of these modules is required when you want to read or write JSON data |
2841 | One of these modules is required when you want to read or write JSON data |
2514 | via L<AnyEvent::Handle>. It is also written in pure-perl, but can take |
2842 | via L<AnyEvent::Handle>. L<JSON> is also written in pure-perl, but can take |
2515 | advantage of the ultra-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed. |
2843 | advantage of the ultra-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed. |
2516 | |
|
|
2517 | In fact, L<AnyEvent::Handle> will use L<JSON::XS> by default if it is |
|
|
2518 | installed. |
|
|
2519 | |
2844 | |
2520 | =item L<Net::SSLeay> |
2845 | =item L<Net::SSLeay> |
2521 | |
2846 | |
2522 | Implementing TLS/SSL in Perl is certainly interesting, but not very |
2847 | Implementing TLS/SSL in Perl is certainly interesting, but not very |
2523 | worthwhile: If this module is installed, then L<AnyEvent::Handle> (with |
2848 | worthwhile: If this module is installed, then L<AnyEvent::Handle> (with |
2524 | the help of L<AnyEvent::TLS>), gains the ability to do TLS/SSL. |
2849 | the help of L<AnyEvent::TLS>), gains the ability to do TLS/SSL. |
2525 | |
2850 | |
2526 | =item L<Time::HiRes> |
2851 | =item L<Time::HiRes> |
2527 | |
2852 | |
2528 | This module is part of perl since release 5.008. It will be used when the |
2853 | This module is part of perl since release 5.008. It will be used when the |
2529 | chosen event library does not come with a timing source on it's own. The |
2854 | chosen event library does not come with a timing source of its own. The |
2530 | pure-perl event loop (L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) will additionally use it to |
2855 | pure-perl event loop (L<AnyEvent::Loop>) will additionally load it to |
2531 | try to use a monotonic clock for timing stability. |
2856 | try to use a monotonic clock for timing stability. |
2532 | |
2857 | |
2533 | =back |
2858 | =back |
2534 | |
2859 | |
2535 | |
2860 | |
2536 | =head1 FORK |
2861 | =head1 FORK |
2537 | |
2862 | |
2538 | Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are |
2863 | Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are |
2539 | because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll> |
2864 | because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll> calls |
2540 | calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware. |
2865 | - higher performance APIs such as BSD's kqueue or the dreaded Linux epoll |
|
|
2866 | are usually badly thought-out hacks that are incompatible with fork in |
|
|
2867 | one way or another. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware and ensures that you |
|
|
2868 | continue event-processing in both parent and child (or both, if you know |
|
|
2869 | what you are doing). |
2541 | |
2870 | |
2542 | This means that, in general, you cannot fork and do event processing |
2871 | This means that, in general, you cannot fork and do event processing in |
2543 | in the child if a watcher was created before the fork (which in turn |
2872 | the child if the event library was initialised before the fork (which |
2544 | initialises the event library). |
2873 | usually happens when the first AnyEvent watcher is created, or the library |
|
|
2874 | is loaded). |
2545 | |
2875 | |
2546 | If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first |
2876 | If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first |
2547 | watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child OR you must do |
2877 | watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child OR you must do |
2548 | something completely out of the scope of AnyEvent. |
2878 | something completely out of the scope of AnyEvent. |
2549 | |
2879 | |
2550 | The problem of doing event processing in the parent I<and> the child |
2880 | The problem of doing event processing in the parent I<and> the child |
2551 | is much more complicated: even for backends that I<are> fork-aware or |
2881 | is much more complicated: even for backends that I<are> fork-aware or |
2552 | fork-safe, their behaviour is not usually what you want: fork clones all |
2882 | fork-safe, their behaviour is not usually what you want: fork clones all |
2553 | watchers, that means all timers, I/O watchers etc. are active in both |
2883 | watchers, that means all timers, I/O watchers etc. are active in both |
2554 | parent and child, which is almost never what you want. |
2884 | parent and child, which is almost never what you want. USing C<exec> |
|
|
2885 | to start worker children from some kind of manage rprocess is usually |
|
|
2886 | preferred, because it is much easier and cleaner, at the expense of having |
|
|
2887 | to have another binary. |
2555 | |
2888 | |
2556 | |
2889 | |
2557 | =head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS |
2890 | =head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS |
2558 | |
2891 | |
2559 | AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via |
2892 | AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via |
… | |
… | |
2589 | pronounced). |
2922 | pronounced). |
2590 | |
2923 | |
2591 | |
2924 | |
2592 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
2925 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
2593 | |
2926 | |
2594 | Utility functions: L<AnyEvent::Util>. |
2927 | Tutorial/Introduction: L<AnyEvent::Intro>. |
2595 | |
2928 | |
2596 | Event modules: L<EV>, L<EV::Glib>, L<Glib::EV>, L<Event>, L<Glib::Event>, |
2929 | FAQ: L<AnyEvent::FAQ>. |
2597 | L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>. |
2930 | |
|
|
2931 | Utility functions: L<AnyEvent::Util> (misc. grab-bag), L<AnyEvent::Log> |
|
|
2932 | (simply logging). |
|
|
2933 | |
|
|
2934 | Development/Debugging: L<AnyEvent::Strict> (stricter checking), |
|
|
2935 | L<AnyEvent::Debug> (interactive shell, watcher tracing). |
|
|
2936 | |
|
|
2937 | Supported event modules: L<AnyEvent::Loop>, L<EV>, L<EV::Glib>, |
|
|
2938 | L<Glib::EV>, L<Event>, L<Glib::Event>, L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, |
|
|
2939 | L<Qt>, L<POE>, L<FLTK>. |
2598 | |
2940 | |
2599 | Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>, |
2941 | Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>, |
2600 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>, |
2942 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>, |
2601 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>, |
2943 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>, |
2602 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>, L<Anyevent::Impl::Irssi>. |
2944 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>, L<Anyevent::Impl::Irssi>, |
|
|
2945 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::FLTK>. |
2603 | |
2946 | |
2604 | Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and |
2947 | Non-blocking handles, pipes, stream sockets, TCP clients and |
2605 | servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>. |
2948 | servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>. |
2606 | |
2949 | |
2607 | Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>. |
2950 | Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>. |
2608 | |
2951 | |
2609 | Coroutine support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>, |
2952 | Thread support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>, L<Coro::Event>. |
2610 | L<Coro::Event>, |
|
|
2611 | |
2953 | |
2612 | Nontrivial usage examples: L<AnyEvent::GPSD>, L<AnyEvent::XMPP>, |
2954 | Nontrivial usage examples: L<AnyEvent::GPSD>, L<AnyEvent::IRC>, |
2613 | L<AnyEvent::HTTP>. |
2955 | L<AnyEvent::HTTP>. |
2614 | |
2956 | |
2615 | |
2957 | |
2616 | =head1 AUTHOR |
2958 | =head1 AUTHOR |
2617 | |
2959 | |