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Revision 1.312 by root, Mon Feb 15 18:02:35 2010 UTC vs.
Revision 1.327 by root, Sun Jun 6 10:13:57 2010 UTC

7 7
8=head1 SYNOPSIS 8=head1 SYNOPSIS
9 9
10 use AnyEvent; 10 use AnyEvent;
11 11
12 # if you prefer function calls, look at the AE manpage for
13 # an alternative API.
14
12 # file descriptor readable 15 # file handle or descriptor readable
13 my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r", cb => sub { ... }); 16 my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r", cb => sub { ... });
14 17
15 # one-shot or repeating timers 18 # one-shot or repeating timers
16 my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { ... }); 19 my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { ... });
17 my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, interval => $seconds, cb => ... 20 my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, interval => $seconds, cb => ...
553will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks. 556will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.
554 557
555AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event 558AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event
556loop and will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user). 559loop and will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user).
557 560
558The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called 561The tool to do that is called a "condition variable", so called because
559because they represent a condition that must become true. 562they represent a condition that must become true.
560 563
561Now is probably a good time to look at the examples further below. 564Now is probably a good time to look at the examples further below.
562 565
563Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar 566Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar
564>> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is 567>> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is
569After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true" 572After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true"
570by calling the C<send> method (or calling the condition variable as if it 573by calling the C<send> method (or calling the condition variable as if it
571were a callback, read about the caveats in the description for the C<< 574were a callback, read about the caveats in the description for the C<<
572->send >> method). 575->send >> method).
573 576
574Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can 577Since condition variables are the most complex part of the AnyEvent API, here are
575optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points 578some different mental models of what they are - pick the ones you can connect to:
576in time where multiple outstanding events have been processed. And yet 579
577another way to call them is transactions - each condition variable can be 580=over 4
578used to represent a transaction, which finishes at some point and delivers 581
579a result. And yet some people know them as "futures" - a promise to 582=item * Condition variables are like callbacks - you can call them (and pass them instead
580compute/deliver something that you can wait for. 583of callbacks). Unlike callbacks however, you can also wait for them to be called.
584
585=item * Condition variables are signals - one side can emit or send them,
586the other side can wait for them, or install a handler that is called when
587the signal fires.
588
589=item * Condition variables are like "Merge Points" - points in your program
590where you merge multiple independent results/control flows into one.
591
592=item * Condition variables represent a transaction - function that start
593some kind of transaction can return them, leaving the caller the choice
594between waiting in a blocking fashion, or setting a callback.
595
596=item * Condition variables represent future values, or promises to deliver
597some result, long before the result is available.
598
599=back
581 600
582Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished, 601Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished,
583for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests, 602for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests,
584then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the 603then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the
585availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is 604availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is
606eventually calls C<< -> send >>, and the "consumer side", which waits 625eventually calls C<< -> send >>, and the "consumer side", which waits
607for the send to occur. 626for the send to occur.
608 627
609Example: wait for a timer. 628Example: wait for a timer.
610 629
611 # wait till the result is ready 630 # condition: "wait till the timer is fired"
612 my $result_ready = AnyEvent->condvar; 631 my $timer_fired = AnyEvent->condvar;
613 632
614 # do something such as adding a timer 633 # create the timer - we could wait for, say
615 # or socket watcher the calls $result_ready->send 634 # a handle becomign ready, or even an
616 # when the "result" is ready. 635 # AnyEvent::HTTP request to finish, but
617 # in this case, we simply use a timer: 636 # in this case, we simply use a timer:
618 my $w = AnyEvent->timer ( 637 my $w = AnyEvent->timer (
619 after => 1, 638 after => 1,
620 cb => sub { $result_ready->send }, 639 cb => sub { $timer_fired->send },
621 ); 640 );
622 641
623 # this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback 642 # this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback
624 # calls ->send 643 # calls ->send
625 $result_ready->recv; 644 $timer_fired->recv;
626 645
627Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition 646Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition
628variables are also callable directly. 647variables are also callable directly.
629 648
630 my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; 649 my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;
1054=head1 OTHER MODULES 1073=head1 OTHER MODULES
1055 1074
1056The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use 1075The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use
1057AnyEvent as a client and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent 1076AnyEvent as a client and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent
1058modules and other event loops in the same program. Some of the modules 1077modules and other event loops in the same program. Some of the modules
1059come with AnyEvent, most are available via CPAN. 1078come as part of AnyEvent, the others are available via CPAN.
1060 1079
1061=over 4 1080=over 4
1062 1081
1063=item L<AnyEvent::Util> 1082=item L<AnyEvent::Util>
1064 1083
1079 1098
1080=item L<AnyEvent::DNS> 1099=item L<AnyEvent::DNS>
1081 1100
1082Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities. 1101Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities.
1083 1102
1103=item L<AnyEvent::HTTP>, L<AnyEvent::IRC>, L<AnyEvent::XMPP>, L<AnyEvent::GPSD>, L<AnyEvent::IGS>, L<AnyEvent::FCP>
1104
1105Implement event-based interfaces to the protocols of the same name (for
1106the curious, IGS is the International Go Server and FCP is the Freenet
1107Client Protocol).
1108
1109=item L<AnyEvent::Handle::UDP>
1110
1111Here be danger!
1112
1113As Pauli would put it, "Not only is it not right, it's not even wrong!" -
1114there are so many things wrong with AnyEvent::Handle::UDP, most notably
1115it's use of a stream-based API with a protocol that isn't streamable, that
1116the only way to improve it is to delete it.
1117
1118It features data corruption (but typically only under load) and general
1119confusion. On top, the author is not only clueless about UDP but also
1120fact-resistant - some gems of his understanding: "connect doesn't work
1121with UDP", "UDP packets are not IP packets", "UDP only has datagrams, not
1122packets", "I don't need to implement proper error checking as UDP doesn't
1123support error checking" and so on - he doesn't even understand what's
1124wrong with his module when it is explained to him.
1125
1084=item L<AnyEvent::HTTP> 1126=item L<AnyEvent::DBI>
1085 1127
1086A simple-to-use HTTP library that is capable of making a lot of concurrent 1128Executes L<DBI> requests asynchronously in a proxy process for you,
1087HTTP requests. 1129notifying you in an event-bnased way when the operation is finished.
1130
1131=item L<AnyEvent::AIO>
1132
1133Truly asynchronous (as opposed to non-blocking) I/O, should be in the
1134toolbox of every event programmer. AnyEvent::AIO transparently fuses
1135L<IO::AIO> and AnyEvent together, giving AnyEvent access to event-based
1136file I/O, and much more.
1088 1137
1089=item L<AnyEvent::HTTPD> 1138=item L<AnyEvent::HTTPD>
1090 1139
1091Provides a simple web application server framework. 1140A simple embedded webserver.
1092 1141
1093=item L<AnyEvent::FastPing> 1142=item L<AnyEvent::FastPing>
1094 1143
1095The fastest ping in the west. 1144The fastest ping in the west.
1096
1097=item L<AnyEvent::DBI>
1098
1099Executes L<DBI> requests asynchronously in a proxy process.
1100
1101=item L<AnyEvent::AIO>
1102
1103Truly asynchronous I/O, should be in the toolbox of every event
1104programmer. AnyEvent::AIO transparently fuses L<IO::AIO> and AnyEvent
1105together.
1106
1107=item L<AnyEvent::BDB>
1108
1109Truly asynchronous Berkeley DB access. AnyEvent::BDB transparently fuses
1110L<BDB> and AnyEvent together.
1111
1112=item L<AnyEvent::GPSD>
1113
1114A non-blocking interface to gpsd, a daemon delivering GPS information.
1115
1116=item L<AnyEvent::IRC>
1117
1118AnyEvent based IRC client module family (replacing the older Net::IRC3).
1119
1120=item L<AnyEvent::XMPP>
1121
1122AnyEvent based XMPP (Jabber protocol) module family (replacing the older
1123Net::XMPP2>.
1124
1125=item L<AnyEvent::IGS>
1126
1127A non-blocking interface to the Internet Go Server protocol (used by
1128L<App::IGS>).
1129
1130=item L<Net::FCP>
1131
1132AnyEvent-based implementation of the Freenet Client Protocol, birthplace
1133of AnyEvent.
1134
1135=item L<Event::ExecFlow>
1136
1137High level API for event-based execution flow control.
1138 1145
1139=item L<Coro> 1146=item L<Coro>
1140 1147
1141Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>. 1148Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>.
1142 1149
1156 1163
1157BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense } 1164BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
1158 1165
1159use Carp (); 1166use Carp ();
1160 1167
1161our $VERSION = '5.24'; 1168our $VERSION = '5.27';
1162our $MODEL; 1169our $MODEL;
1163 1170
1164our $AUTOLOAD; 1171our $AUTOLOAD;
1165our @ISA; 1172our @ISA;
1166 1173
1167our @REGISTRY; 1174our @REGISTRY;
1168 1175
1169our $VERBOSE; 1176our $VERBOSE;
1170 1177
1171BEGIN { 1178BEGIN {
1172 eval "sub CYGWIN(){" . (($^O =~ /cygwin/i) *1) . "}"; 1179 require "AnyEvent/constants.pl";
1173 eval "sub WIN32 (){" . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) . "}"; 1180
1174 eval "sub TAINT (){" . (${^TAINT} *1) . "}"; 1181 eval "sub TAINT (){" . (${^TAINT}*1) . "}";
1175 1182
1176 delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV} 1183 delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV}
1177 if ${^TAINT}; 1184 if ${^TAINT};
1178 1185
1179 $VERBOSE = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1; 1186 $VERBOSE = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1;
1222our @post_detect; 1229our @post_detect;
1223 1230
1224sub post_detect(&) { 1231sub post_detect(&) {
1225 my ($cb) = @_; 1232 my ($cb) = @_;
1226 1233
1227 if ($MODEL) {
1228 $cb->();
1229
1230 undef
1231 } else {
1232 push @post_detect, $cb; 1234 push @post_detect, $cb;
1233 1235
1234 defined wantarray 1236 defined wantarray
1235 ? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect" 1237 ? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect"
1236 : () 1238 : ()
1237 }
1238} 1239}
1239 1240
1240sub AnyEvent::Util::postdetect::DESTROY { 1241sub AnyEvent::Util::postdetect::DESTROY {
1241 @post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect; 1242 @post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect;
1242} 1243}
1295 @models = (); # free probe data 1296 @models = (); # free probe data
1296 1297
1297 push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base"; 1298 push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base";
1298 unshift @ISA, $MODEL; 1299 unshift @ISA, $MODEL;
1299 1300
1301 # now nuke some methods that are overriden by the backend.
1302 # SUPER is not allowed.
1303 for (qw(time signal child idle)) {
1304 undef &{"AnyEvent::Base::$_"}
1305 if defined &{"$MODEL\::$_"};
1306 }
1307
1300 require AnyEvent::Strict if $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT}; 1308 require AnyEvent::Strict if $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT};
1301 1309
1302 (shift @post_detect)->() while @post_detect; 1310 (shift @post_detect)->() while @post_detect;
1311
1312 *post_detect = sub(&) {
1313 shift->();
1314
1315 undef
1316 };
1303 1317
1304 $MODEL 1318 $MODEL
1305} 1319}
1306 1320
1307sub AUTOLOAD { 1321sub AUTOLOAD {
1335 1349
1336=head1 SIMPLIFIED AE API 1350=head1 SIMPLIFIED AE API
1337 1351
1338Starting with version 5.0, AnyEvent officially supports a second, much 1352Starting with version 5.0, AnyEvent officially supports a second, much
1339simpler, API that is designed to reduce the calling, typing and memory 1353simpler, API that is designed to reduce the calling, typing and memory
1340overhead. 1354overhead by using function call syntax and a fixed number of parameters.
1341 1355
1342See the L<AE> manpage for details. 1356See the L<AE> manpage for details.
1343 1357
1344=cut 1358=cut
1345 1359
1346package AE; 1360package AE;
1347 1361
1348our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION; 1362our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
1363
1364# fall back to the main API by default - backends and AnyEvent::Base
1365# implementations can overwrite these.
1349 1366
1350sub io($$$) { 1367sub io($$$) {
1351 AnyEvent->io (fh => $_[0], poll => $_[1] ? "w" : "r", cb => $_[2]) 1368 AnyEvent->io (fh => $_[0], poll => $_[1] ? "w" : "r", cb => $_[2])
1352} 1369}
1353 1370
1385 1402
1386package AnyEvent::Base; 1403package AnyEvent::Base;
1387 1404
1388# default implementations for many methods 1405# default implementations for many methods
1389 1406
1390sub _time() { 1407sub time {
1391 eval q{ # poor man's autoloading 1408 eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
1392 # probe for availability of Time::HiRes 1409 # probe for availability of Time::HiRes
1393 if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") { 1410 if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {
1394 warn "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8; 1411 warn "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1395 *_time = \&Time::HiRes::time; 1412 *AE::time = \&Time::HiRes::time;
1396 # if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())... 1413 # if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...
1397 } else { 1414 } else {
1398 warn "AnyEvent: using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!\n" if $VERBOSE; 1415 warn "AnyEvent: using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!\n" if $VERBOSE;
1399 *_time = sub (){ time }; # epic fail 1416 *AE::time = sub (){ time }; # epic fail
1400 } 1417 }
1418
1419 *time = sub { AE::time }; # different prototypes
1401 }; 1420 };
1402 die if $@; 1421 die if $@;
1403 1422
1404 &_time 1423 &time
1405} 1424}
1406 1425
1407sub time { _time } 1426*now = \&time;
1408sub now { _time } 1427
1409sub now_update { } 1428sub now_update { }
1410 1429
1411# default implementation for ->condvar 1430# default implementation for ->condvar
1412 1431
1413sub condvar { 1432sub condvar {
1433 eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
1434 *condvar = sub {
1414 bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar" 1435 bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"
1436 };
1437
1438 *AE::cv = sub (;&) {
1439 bless { @_ ? (_ae_cb => shift) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"
1440 };
1441 };
1442 die if $@;
1443
1444 &condvar
1415} 1445}
1416 1446
1417# default implementation for ->signal 1447# default implementation for ->signal
1418 1448
1419our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT; 1449our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;
1449 undef $SIG_TW 1479 undef $SIG_TW
1450 unless --$SIG_COUNT; 1480 unless --$SIG_COUNT;
1451} 1481}
1452 1482
1453our $_sig_name_init; $_sig_name_init = sub { 1483our $_sig_name_init; $_sig_name_init = sub {
1454 eval q{ # poor man's autoloading 1484 eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
1455 undef $_sig_name_init; 1485 undef $_sig_name_init;
1456 1486
1457 if (_have_async_interrupt) { 1487 if (_have_async_interrupt) {
1458 *sig2num = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2num; 1488 *sig2num = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2num;
1459 *sig2name = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2name; 1489 *sig2name = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2name;
1491 $SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, 0, \&_signal_exec; 1521 $SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, 0, \&_signal_exec;
1492 1522
1493 } else { 1523 } else {
1494 warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8; 1524 warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1495 1525
1496 require Fcntl;
1497
1498 if (AnyEvent::WIN32) { 1526 if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {
1499 require AnyEvent::Util; 1527 require AnyEvent::Util;
1500 1528
1501 ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe (); 1529 ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe ();
1502 AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R, 1) if $SIGPIPE_R; 1530 AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R, 1) if $SIGPIPE_R;
1503 AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W, 1) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case 1531 AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W, 1) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
1504 } else { 1532 } else {
1505 pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W; 1533 pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W;
1506 fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R; 1534 fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, AnyEvent::F_SETFL, AnyEvent::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R;
1507 fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case 1535 fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, AnyEvent::F_SETFL, AnyEvent::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
1508 1536
1509 # not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure... 1537 # not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure...
1510 fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC; 1538 fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, AnyEvent::F_SETFD, AnyEvent::FD_CLOEXEC;
1511 fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC; 1539 fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, AnyEvent::F_SETFD, AnyEvent::FD_CLOEXEC;
1512 } 1540 }
1513 1541
1514 $SIGPIPE_R 1542 $SIGPIPE_R
1515 or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n"; 1543 or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";
1516 1544
1517 $SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R, 0, \&_signal_exec; 1545 $SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R, 0, \&_signal_exec;
1518 } 1546 }
1519 1547
1520 *signal = sub { 1548 *signal = $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
1549 ? sub {
1521 my (undef, %arg) = @_; 1550 my (undef, %arg) = @_;
1522 1551
1523 my $signal = uc $arg{signal}
1524 or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing";
1525
1526 if ($HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT) {
1527 # async::interrupt 1552 # async::interrupt
1528
1529 $signal = sig2num $signal; 1553 my $signal = sig2num $arg{signal};
1530 $SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; 1554 $SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
1531 1555
1532 $SIG_ASY{$signal} ||= new Async::Interrupt 1556 $SIG_ASY{$signal} ||= new Async::Interrupt
1533 cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} }, 1557 cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} },
1534 signal => $signal, 1558 signal => $signal,
1535 pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos], 1559 pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos],
1536 pipe_autodrain => 0, 1560 pipe_autodrain => 0,
1537 ; 1561 ;
1538 1562
1539 } else { 1563 bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"
1564 }
1565 : sub {
1566 my (undef, %arg) = @_;
1567
1540 # pure perl 1568 # pure perl
1541
1542 # AE::Util has been loaded in signal
1543 $signal = sig2name $signal; 1569 my $signal = sig2name $arg{signal};
1544 $SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; 1570 $SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
1545 1571
1546 $SIG{$signal} ||= sub { 1572 $SIG{$signal} ||= sub {
1547 local $!; 1573 local $!;
1548 syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV; 1574 syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV;
1549 undef $SIG_EV{$signal}; 1575 undef $SIG_EV{$signal};
1550 }; 1576 };
1551 1577
1552 # can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl, 1578 # can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl,
1553 # so limit the signal latency. 1579 # so limit the signal latency.
1554 _sig_add; 1580 _sig_add;
1555 }
1556 1581
1557 bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal" 1582 bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"
1583 }
1558 }; 1584 ;
1559 1585
1560 *AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY = sub { 1586 *AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY = sub {
1561 my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; 1587 my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
1562 1588
1563 _sig_del; 1589 _sig_del;
2059 2085
2060The actual code goes further and collects all errors (C<die>s, exceptions) 2086The actual code goes further and collects all errors (C<die>s, exceptions)
2061that occurred during request processing. The C<result> method detects 2087that occurred during request processing. The C<result> method detects
2062whether an exception as thrown (it is stored inside the $txn object) 2088whether an exception as thrown (it is stored inside the $txn object)
2063and just throws the exception, which means connection errors and other 2089and just throws the exception, which means connection errors and other
2064problems get reported tot he code that tries to use the result, not in a 2090problems get reported to the code that tries to use the result, not in a
2065random callback. 2091random callback.
2066 2092
2067All of this enables the following usage styles: 2093All of this enables the following usage styles:
2068 2094
20691. Blocking: 20951. Blocking:
2526automatic timer adjustments even when no monotonic clock is available, 2552automatic timer adjustments even when no monotonic clock is available,
2527can take avdantage of advanced kernel interfaces such as C<epoll> and 2553can take avdantage of advanced kernel interfaces such as C<epoll> and
2528C<kqueue>, and is the fastest backend I<by far>. You can even embed 2554C<kqueue>, and is the fastest backend I<by far>. You can even embed
2529L<Glib>/L<Gtk2> in it (or vice versa, see L<EV::Glib> and L<Glib::EV>). 2555L<Glib>/L<Gtk2> in it (or vice versa, see L<EV::Glib> and L<Glib::EV>).
2530 2556
2557If you only use backends that rely on another event loop (e.g. C<Tk>),
2558then this module will do nothing for you.
2559
2531=item L<Guard> 2560=item L<Guard>
2532 2561
2533The guard module, when used, will be used to implement 2562The guard module, when used, will be used to implement
2534C<AnyEvent::Util::guard>. This speeds up guards considerably (and uses a 2563C<AnyEvent::Util::guard>. This speeds up guards considerably (and uses a
2535lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is 2564lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is
2536purely used for performance. 2565purely used for performance.
2537 2566
2538=item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS> 2567=item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS>
2539 2568
2540One of these modules is required when you want to read or write JSON data 2569One of these modules is required when you want to read or write JSON data
2541via L<AnyEvent::Handle>. It is also written in pure-perl, but can take 2570via L<AnyEvent::Handle>. L<JSON> is also written in pure-perl, but can take
2542advantage of the ultra-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed. 2571advantage of the ultra-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed.
2543
2544In fact, L<AnyEvent::Handle> will use L<JSON::XS> by default if it is
2545installed.
2546 2572
2547=item L<Net::SSLeay> 2573=item L<Net::SSLeay>
2548 2574
2549Implementing TLS/SSL in Perl is certainly interesting, but not very 2575Implementing TLS/SSL in Perl is certainly interesting, but not very
2550worthwhile: If this module is installed, then L<AnyEvent::Handle> (with 2576worthwhile: If this module is installed, then L<AnyEvent::Handle> (with

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