[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm

Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.248 by root, Sat Jul 18 22:27:10 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.320 by root, Mon Apr 12 02:50:31 2010 UTC

…		…
1	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
2		2
3	AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops	3	AnyEvent - the DBI of event loop programming
4		4
5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt and POE are various supported	5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Irssi, rxvt-unicode, IO::Async, Qt
6	event loops.	6	and POE are various supported event loops/environments.
7		7
8	=head1 SYNOPSIS	8	=head1 SYNOPSIS
9		9
10	use AnyEvent;	10	use AnyEvent;
11		11
		12	# if you prefer function calls, look at the L<AE> manpage for
		13	# an alternative API.
		14
12	# file descriptor readable	15	# file handle or descriptor readable
13	my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r", cb => sub { ... });	16	my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r", cb => sub { ... });
14		17
15	# one-shot or repeating timers	18	# one-shot or repeating timers
16	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { ... });	19	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { ... });
17	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, interval => $seconds, cb => ...	20	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, interval => $seconds, cb => ...
40	=head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL	43	=head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL
41		44
42	This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested	45	This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested
43	in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the	46	in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the
44	L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage.	47	L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage.
		48
		49	=head1 SUPPORT
		50
		51	There is a mailinglist for discussing all things AnyEvent, and an IRC
		52	channel, too.
		53
		54	See the AnyEvent project page at the B<Schmorpforge Ta-Sa Software
		55	Repository>, at L<http://anyevent.schmorp.de>, for more info.
45		56
46	=head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT)	57	=head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT)
47		58
48	Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen	59	Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen
49	nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent?	60	nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent?
…		…
173	my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are	184	my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are
174	declared.	185	declared.
175		186
176	=head2 I/O WATCHERS	187	=head2 I/O WATCHERS
177		188
		189	$w = AnyEvent->io (
		190	fh => <filehandle_or_fileno>,
		191	poll => <"r" or "w">,
		192	cb => <callback>,
		193	);
		194
178	You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method	195	You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method
179	with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:	196	with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:
180		197
181	C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch	198	C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch
182	for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file	199	for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file
…		…
211	undef $w;	228	undef $w;
212	});	229	});
213		230
214	=head2 TIME WATCHERS	231	=head2 TIME WATCHERS
215		232
		233	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => <seconds>, cb => <callback>);
		234
		235	$w = AnyEvent->timer (
		236	after => <fractional_seconds>,
		237	interval => <fractional_seconds>,
		238	cb => <callback>,
		239	);
		240
216	You can create a time watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->timer >>	241	You can create a time watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->timer >>
217	method with the following mandatory arguments:	242	method with the following mandatory arguments:
218		243
219	C<after> specifies after how many seconds (fractional values are	244	C<after> specifies after how many seconds (fractional values are
220	supported) the callback should be invoked. C<cb> is the callback to invoke	245	supported) the callback should be invoked. C<cb> is the callback to invoke
…		…
341	might affect timers and time-outs.	366	might affect timers and time-outs.
342		367
343	When this is the case, you can call this method, which will update the	368	When this is the case, you can call this method, which will update the
344	event loop's idea of "current time".	369	event loop's idea of "current time".
345		370
		371	A typical example would be a script in a web server (e.g. C<mod_perl>) -
		372	when mod_perl executes the script, then the event loop will have the wrong
		373	idea about the "current time" (being potentially far in the past, when the
		374	script ran the last time). In that case you should arrange a call to C<<
		375	AnyEvent->now_update >> each time the web server process wakes up again
		376	(e.g. at the start of your script, or in a handler).
		377
346	Note that updating the time I<might> cause some events to be handled.	378	Note that updating the time I<might> cause some events to be handled.
347		379
348	=back	380	=back
349		381
350	=head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS	382	=head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS
		383
		384	$w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => <uppercase_signal_name>, cb => <callback>);
351		385
352	You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal	386	You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal
353	I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl	387	I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl
354	callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs.	388	callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs.
355		389
…		…
372		406
373	Example: exit on SIGINT	407	Example: exit on SIGINT
374		408
375	my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 });	409	my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 });
376		410
		411	=head3 Restart Behaviour
		412
		413	While restart behaviour is up to the event loop implementation, most will
		414	not restart syscalls (that includes L<Async::Interrupt> and AnyEvent's
		415	pure perl implementation).
		416
		417	=head3 Safe/Unsafe Signals
		418
		419	Perl signals can be either "safe" (synchronous to opcode handling) or
		420	"unsafe" (asynchronous) - the former might get delayed indefinitely, the
		421	latter might corrupt your memory.
		422
		423	AnyEvent signal handlers are, in addition, synchronous to the event loop,
		424	i.e. they will not interrupt your running perl program but will only be
		425	called as part of the normal event handling (just like timer, I/O etc.
		426	callbacks, too).
		427
377	=head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds	428	=head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds
378		429
379	Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support attaching	430	Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support attaching
380	callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot do	431	callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot
381	race-free signal handling in perl. AnyEvent will try to do it's best, but	432	do race-free signal handling in perl, requiring C libraries for
		433	this. AnyEvent will try to do it's best, which means in some cases,
382	in some cases, signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might	434	signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might be delayed is
383	be delayed is specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10	435	specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10 seconds). This
384	seconds). This variable can be changed only before the first signal	436	variable can be changed only before the first signal watcher is created,
385	watcher is created, and should be left alone otherwise. Higher values	437	and should be left alone otherwise. This variable determines how often
		438	AnyEvent polls for signals (in case a wake-up was missed). Higher values
386	will cause fewer spurious wake-ups, which is better for power and CPU	439	will cause fewer spurious wake-ups, which is better for power and CPU
		440	saving.
		441
387	saving. All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional	442	All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional
388	L<Async::Interrupt> module. This will not work with inherently broken	443	L<Async::Interrupt> module, which works with most event loops. It will not
389	event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib> (and not with L<POE>	444	work with inherently broken event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib>
390	currently, as POE does it's own workaround with one-second latency). With	445	(and not with L<POE> currently, as POE does it's own workaround with
391	those, you just have to suffer the delays.	446	one-second latency). For those, you just have to suffer the delays.
392		447
393	=head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS	448	=head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS
394		449
		450	$w = AnyEvent->child (pid => <process id>, cb => <callback>);
		451
395	You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status.	452	You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status.
396		453
397	The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (if set to C<0>, it	454	The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (one some backends,
398	watches for any child process exit). The watcher will triggered only when	455	using C<0> watches for any child process exit, on others this will
399	the child process has finished and an exit status is available, not on	456	croak). The watcher will be triggered only when the child process has
400	any trace events (stopped/continued).	457	finished and an exit status is available, not on any trace events
		458	(stopped/continued).
401		459
402	The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by	460	The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by
403	waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher	461	waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher
404	callback arguments.	462	callback arguments.
405		463
…		…
446	# do something else, then wait for process exit	504	# do something else, then wait for process exit
447	$done->recv;	505	$done->recv;
448		506
449	=head2 IDLE WATCHERS	507	=head2 IDLE WATCHERS
450		508
451	Sometimes there is a need to do something, but it is not so important	509	$w = AnyEvent->idle (cb => <callback>);
452	to do it instantly, but only when there is nothing better to do. This
453	"nothing better to do" is usually defined to be "no other events need
454	attention by the event loop".
455		510
456	Idle watchers ideally get invoked when the event loop has nothing	511	Repeatedly invoke the callback after the process becomes idle, until
457	better to do, just before it would block the process to wait for new	512	either the watcher is destroyed or new events have been detected.
458	events. Instead of blocking, the idle watcher is invoked.
459		513
460	Most event loops unfortunately do not really support idle watchers (only	514	Idle watchers are useful when there is a need to do something, but it
		515	is not so important (or wise) to do it instantly. The callback will be
		516	invoked only when there is "nothing better to do", which is usually
		517	defined as "all outstanding events have been handled and no new events
		518	have been detected". That means that idle watchers ideally get invoked
		519	when the event loop has just polled for new events but none have been
		520	detected. Instead of blocking to wait for more events, the idle watchers
		521	will be invoked.
		522
		523	Unfortunately, most event loops do not really support idle watchers (only
461	EV, Event and Glib do it in a usable fashion) - for the rest, AnyEvent	524	EV, Event and Glib do it in a usable fashion) - for the rest, AnyEvent
462	will simply call the callback "from time to time".	525	will simply call the callback "from time to time".
463		526
464	Example: read lines from STDIN, but only process them when the	527	Example: read lines from STDIN, but only process them when the
465	program is otherwise idle:	528	program is otherwise idle:
…		…
481	});	544	});
482	});	545	});
483		546
484	=head2 CONDITION VARIABLES	547	=head2 CONDITION VARIABLES
485		548
		549	$cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
		550
		551	$cv->send (<list>);
		552	my @res = $cv->recv;
		553
486	If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them	554	If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them
487	require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that	555	require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that
488	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.	556	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.
489		557
490	AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event	558	AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event
…		…
509	Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can	577	Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can
510	optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points	578	optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points
511	in time where multiple outstanding events have been processed. And yet	579	in time where multiple outstanding events have been processed. And yet
512	another way to call them is transactions - each condition variable can be	580	another way to call them is transactions - each condition variable can be
513	used to represent a transaction, which finishes at some point and delivers	581	used to represent a transaction, which finishes at some point and delivers
514	a result.	582	a result. And yet some people know them as "futures" - a promise to
		583	compute/deliver something that you can wait for.
515		584
516	Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished,	585	Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished,
517	for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests,	586	for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests,
518	then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the	587	then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the
519	availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is	588	availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is
…		…
540	eventually calls C<< -> send >>, and the "consumer side", which waits	609	eventually calls C<< -> send >>, and the "consumer side", which waits
541	for the send to occur.	610	for the send to occur.
542		611
543	Example: wait for a timer.	612	Example: wait for a timer.
544		613
545	# wait till the result is ready	614	# condition: "wait till the timer is fired"
546	my $result_ready = AnyEvent->condvar;	615	my $timer_fired = AnyEvent->condvar;
547		616
548	# do something such as adding a timer	617	# create the timer - we could wait for, say
549	# or socket watcher the calls $result_ready->send	618	# a handle becomign ready, or even an
550	# when the "result" is ready.	619	# AnyEvent::HTTP request to finish, but
551	# in this case, we simply use a timer:	620	# in this case, we simply use a timer:
552	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (	621	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (
553	after => 1,	622	after => 1,
554	cb => sub { $result_ready->send },	623	cb => sub { $timer_fired->send },
555	);	624	);
556		625
557	# this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback	626	# this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback
558	# calls -<send	627	# calls ->send
559	$result_ready->recv;	628	$timer_fired->recv;
560		629
561	Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition	630	Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition
562	variables are also callable directly.	631	variables are also callable directly.
563		632
564	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;	633	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;
…		…
627	one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want	696	one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want
628	to use a condition variable for the whole process.	697	to use a condition variable for the whole process.
629		698
630	Every call to C<< ->begin >> will increment a counter, and every call to	699	Every call to C<< ->begin >> will increment a counter, and every call to
631	C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end	700	C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end
632	>>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback	701	>>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed, passing the
633	is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no	702	condvar as first argument. That callback is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send
634	callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments.	703	>>, but that is not required. If no group callback was set, C<send> will
		704	be called without any arguments.
635		705
636	You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call	706	You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call
637	sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND	707	sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND
638	condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends).	708	condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends).
639		709
…		…
666	begung can potentially be zero:	736	begung can potentially be zero:
667		737
668	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	738	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
669		739
670	my %result;	740	my %result;
671	$cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) });	741	$cv->begin (sub { shift->send (\%result) });
672		742
673	for my $host (@list_of_hosts) {	743	for my $host (@list_of_hosts) {
674	$cv->begin;	744	$cv->begin;
675	ping_host_then_call_callback $host, sub {	745	ping_host_then_call_callback $host, sub {
676	$result{$host} = ...;	746	$result{$host} = ...;
…		…
751	=item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv))	821	=item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv))
752		822
753	This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally	823	This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally
754	replaces it before doing so.	824	replaces it before doing so.
755		825
756	The callback will be called when the condition becomes "true", i.e. when	826	The callback will be called when the condition becomes (or already was)
757	C<send> or C<croak> are called, with the only argument being the condition	827	"true", i.e. when C<send> or C<croak> are called (or were called), with
758	variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time	828	the only argument being the condition variable itself. Calling C<recv>
759	is guaranteed not to block.	829	inside the callback or at any later time is guaranteed not to block.
760		830
761	=back	831	=back
762		832
763	=head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS	833	=head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS
764		834
…		…
767	=over 4	837	=over 4
768		838
769	=item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found.	839	=item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found.
770		840
771	EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in	841	EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in
772	use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will try Event, and, failing	842	use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will fall back to its own
773	that, will fall back to its own pure-perl implementation, which is	843	pure-perl implementation, which is available everywhere as it comes with
774	available everywhere as it comes with AnyEvent itself.	844	AnyEvent itself.
775		845
776	AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice).	846	AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice).
777	AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches.
778	AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable.	847	AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable.
779		848
780	=item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used.	849	=item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used.
781		850
782	These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher	851	These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher
783	is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using	852	is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using
784	them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend	853	them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend
785	when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to	854	when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to
786	create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program.	855	create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program.
787		856
		857	AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches.
788	AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable.	858	AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable.
789	AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken.	859	AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken.
790	AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.	860	AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.
791	AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations.	861	AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations.
		862	AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi used when running within irssi.
792		863
793	=item Backends with special needs.	864	=item Backends with special needs.
794		865
795	Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will	866	Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will
796	otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program	867	otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program
…		…
870	event module detection too early, for example, L<AnyEvent::AIO> creates	941	event module detection too early, for example, L<AnyEvent::AIO> creates
871	and installs the global L<IO::AIO> watcher in a C<post_detect> block to	942	and installs the global L<IO::AIO> watcher in a C<post_detect> block to
872	avoid autodetecting the event module at load time.	943	avoid autodetecting the event module at load time.
873		944
874	If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object	945	If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object
875	that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed. See	946	that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed (or
		947	C<undef> when the hook was immediately executed). See L<AnyEvent::AIO> for
876	L<Coro::BDB> for a case where this is useful.	948	a case where this is useful.
		949
		950	Example: Create a watcher for the IO::AIO module and store it in
		951	C<$WATCHER>. Only do so after the event loop is initialised, though.
		952
		953	our WATCHER;
		954
		955	my $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect {
		956	$WATCHER = AnyEvent->io (fh => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, poll => 'r', cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		957	};
		958
		959	# the \|\|= is important in case post_detect immediately runs the block,
		960	# as to not clobber the newly-created watcher. assigning both watcher and
		961	# post_detect guard to the same variable has the advantage of users being
		962	# able to just C<undef $WATCHER> if the watcher causes them grief.
		963
		964	$WATCHER \|\|= $guard;
877		965
878	=item @AnyEvent::post_detect	966	=item @AnyEvent::post_detect
879		967
880	If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it	968	If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it
881	before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after	969	before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after
…		…
884	You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though:	972	You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though:
885	if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the	973	if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the
886	array will be ignored.	974	array will be ignored.
887		975
888	Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> when your application allows	976	Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> when your application allows
889	it,as it takes care of these details.	977	it, as it takes care of these details.
890		978
891	This variable is mainly useful for modules that can do something useful	979	This variable is mainly useful for modules that can do something useful
892	when AnyEvent is used and thus want to know when it is initialised, but do	980	when AnyEvent is used and thus want to know when it is initialised, but do
893	not need to even load it by default. This array provides the means to hook	981	not need to even load it by default. This array provides the means to hook
894	into AnyEvent passively, without loading it.	982	into AnyEvent passively, without loading it.
		983
		984	Example: To load Coro::AnyEvent whenever Coro and AnyEvent are used
		985	together, you could put this into Coro (this is the actual code used by
		986	Coro to accomplish this):
		987
		988	if (defined $AnyEvent::MODEL) {
		989	# AnyEvent already initialised, so load Coro::AnyEvent
		990	require Coro::AnyEvent;
		991	} else {
		992	# AnyEvent not yet initialised, so make sure to load Coro::AnyEvent
		993	# as soon as it is
		994	push @AnyEvent::post_detect, sub { require Coro::AnyEvent };
		995	}
895		996
896	=back	997	=back
897		998
898	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE	999	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE
899		1000
…		…
1048		1149
1049	package AnyEvent;	1150	package AnyEvent;
1050		1151
1051	# basically a tuned-down version of common::sense	1152	# basically a tuned-down version of common::sense
1052	sub common_sense {	1153	sub common_sense {
1053	# no warnings	1154	# from common:.sense 1.0
1054	${^WARNING_BITS} ^= ${^WARNING_BITS};	1155	${^WARNING_BITS} = "\xfc\x3f\x33\x00\x0f\xf3\xcf\xc0\xf3\xfc\x33\x00";
1055	# use strict vars subs	1156	# use strict vars subs - NO UTF-8, as Util.pm doesn't like this atm. (uts46data.pl)
1056	$^H \|= 0x00000600;	1157	$^H \|= 0x00000600;
1057	}	1158	}
1058		1159
1059	BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }	1160	BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
1060		1161
1061	use Carp ();	1162	use Carp ();
1062		1163
1063	our $VERSION = 4.85;	1164	our $VERSION = '5.26';
1064	our $MODEL;	1165	our $MODEL;
1065		1166
1066	our $AUTOLOAD;	1167	our $AUTOLOAD;
1067	our @ISA;	1168	our @ISA;
1068		1169
1069	our @REGISTRY;	1170	our @REGISTRY;
1070		1171
1071	our $WIN32;
1072
1073	our $VERBOSE;	1172	our $VERBOSE;
1074		1173
1075	BEGIN {	1174	BEGIN {
1076	eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }";	1175	require "AnyEvent/constants.pl";
		1176
1077	eval "sub TAINT(){ " . (${^TAINT}*1) . " }";	1177	eval "sub TAINT (){" . (${^TAINT}*1) . "}";
1078		1178
1079	delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV}	1179	delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV}
1080	if ${^TAINT};	1180	if ${^TAINT};
1081		1181
1082	$VERBOSE = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1;	1182	$VERBOSE = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1;
…		…
1093	for reverse split /\s,\s/,	1193	for reverse split /\s,\s/,
1094	$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} \|\| "ipv4,ipv6";	1194	$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} \|\| "ipv4,ipv6";
1095	}	1195	}
1096		1196
1097	my @models = (	1197	my @models = (
1098	[EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV::],	1198	[EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV:: , 1],
1099	[Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::],
1100	[AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::],	1199	[AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: , 1],
1101	# everything below here will not be autoprobed	1200	# everything below here will not (normally) be autoprobed
1102	# as the pureperl backend should work everywhere	1201	# as the pureperl backend should work everywhere
1103	# and is usually faster	1202	# and is usually faster
		1203	[Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::, 1],
1104	[Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers	1204	[Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib:: , 1], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers
1105	[Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy	1205	[Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy
		1206	[Irssi:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi::], # Irssi has a bogus "Event" package
1106	[Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles	1207	[Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles
1107	[Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program	1208	[Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program
1108	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza	1209	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza
1109	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],	1210	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
1110	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],	1211	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
1111	# IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its	1212	# IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its
1112	# byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others.	1213	# byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others.
1113	# IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any	1214	# IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any
1114	# obvious default class.	1215	# obvious default class.
1115	# [IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1216	[IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1116	# [IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1217	[IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1117	# [IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1218	[IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
		1219	[AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1118	);	1220	);
1119		1221
1120	our %method = map +($_ => 1),	1222	our %method = map +($_ => 1),
1121	qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY);	1223	qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY);
1122		1224
1123	our @post_detect;	1225	our @post_detect;
1124		1226
1125	sub post_detect(&) {	1227	sub post_detect(&) {
1126	my ($cb) = @_;	1228	my ($cb) = @_;
1127		1229
1128	if ($MODEL) {
1129	$cb->();
1130
1131	1
1132	} else {
1133	push @post_detect, $cb;	1230	push @post_detect, $cb;
1134		1231
1135	defined wantarray	1232	defined wantarray
1136	? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect"	1233	? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect"
1137	: ()	1234	: ()
1138	}
1139	}	1235	}
1140		1236
1141	sub AnyEvent::Util::postdetect::DESTROY {	1237	sub AnyEvent::Util::postdetect::DESTROY {
1142	@post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect;	1238	@post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect;
1143	}	1239	}
1144		1240
1145	sub detect() {	1241	sub detect() {
		1242	# free some memory
		1243	*detect = sub () { $MODEL };
		1244
		1245	local $!; # for good measure
		1246	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		1247
		1248	if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) {
		1249	my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1";
		1250	if (eval "require $model") {
		1251	$MODEL = $model;
		1252	warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}), using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
		1253	} else {
		1254	warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}):\n$@" if $VERBOSE;
		1255	}
		1256	}
		1257
		1258	# check for already loaded models
1146	unless ($MODEL) {	1259	unless ($MODEL) {
1147	local $SIG{__DIE__};	1260	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1148		1261	my ($package, $model) = @$_;
1149	if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) {	1262	if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) {
1150	my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1";
1151	if (eval "require $model") {	1263	if (eval "require $model") {
1152	$MODEL = $model;	1264	$MODEL = $model;
1153	warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}), using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;	1265	warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1154	} else {	1266	last;
1155	warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}):\n$@" if $VERBOSE;	1267	}
1156	}	1268	}
1157	}	1269	}
1158		1270
1159	# check for already loaded models
1160	unless ($MODEL) {	1271	unless ($MODEL) {
		1272	# try to autoload a model
1161	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {	1273	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1162	my ($package, $model) = @$_;	1274	my ($package, $model, $autoload) = @$_;
		1275	if (
		1276	$autoload
		1277	and eval "require $package"
1163	if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) {	1278	and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0
1164	if (eval "require $model") {	1279	and eval "require $model"
		1280	) {
1165	$MODEL = $model;	1281	$MODEL = $model;
1166	warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;	1282	warn "AnyEvent: autoloaded model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1167	last;	1283	last;
1168	}
1169	}	1284	}
1170	}	1285	}
1171		1286
1172	unless ($MODEL) {
1173	# try to load a model
1174
1175	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1176	my ($package, $model) = @$_;
1177	if (eval "require $package"
1178	and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0
1179	and eval "require $model") {
1180	$MODEL = $model;
1181	warn "AnyEvent: autoprobed model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1182	last;
1183	}
1184	}
1185
1186	$MODEL	1287	$MODEL
1187	or die "No event module selected for AnyEvent and autodetect failed. Install any one of these modules: EV, Event or Glib.\n";	1288	or die "No event module selected for AnyEvent and autodetect failed. Install any one of these modules: EV, Event or Glib.\n";
1188	}
1189	}	1289	}
1190
1191	push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base";
1192
1193	unshift @ISA, $MODEL;
1194
1195	require AnyEvent::Strict if $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT};
1196
1197	(shift @post_detect)->() while @post_detect;
1198	}	1290	}
		1291
		1292	@models = (); # free probe data
		1293
		1294	push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base";
		1295	unshift @ISA, $MODEL;
		1296
		1297	# now nuke some methods that are overriden by the backend.
		1298	# SUPER is not allowed.
		1299	for (qw(time signal child idle)) {
		1300	undef &{"AnyEvent::Base::$_"}
		1301	if defined &{"$MODEL\::$_"};
		1302	}
		1303
		1304	require AnyEvent::Strict if $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT};
		1305
		1306	(shift @post_detect)->() while @post_detect;
		1307
		1308	*post_detect = sub(&) {
		1309	shift->();
		1310
		1311	undef
		1312	};
1199		1313
1200	$MODEL	1314	$MODEL
1201	}	1315	}
1202		1316
1203	sub AUTOLOAD {	1317	sub AUTOLOAD {
1204	(my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://;	1318	(my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://;
1205		1319
1206	$method{$func}	1320	$method{$func}
1207	or Carp::croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects";	1321	or Carp::croak "$func: not a valid AnyEvent class method";
1208		1322
1209	detect unless $MODEL;	1323	detect;
1210		1324
1211	my $class = shift;	1325	my $class = shift;
1212	$class->$func (@_);	1326	$class->$func (@_);
1213	}	1327	}
1214		1328
…		…
1227	# we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases	1341	# we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases
1228		1342
1229	($fh2, $rw)	1343	($fh2, $rw)
1230	}	1344	}
1231		1345
		1346	=head1 SIMPLIFIED AE API
		1347
		1348	Starting with version 5.0, AnyEvent officially supports a second, much
		1349	simpler, API that is designed to reduce the calling, typing and memory
		1350	overhead by using function call syntax and a fixed number of parameters.
		1351
		1352	See the L<AE> manpage for details.
		1353
		1354	=cut
		1355
		1356	package AE;
		1357
		1358	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
		1359
		1360	# fall back to the main API by default - backends and AnyEvent::Base
		1361	# implementations can overwrite these.
		1362
		1363	sub io($$$) {
		1364	AnyEvent->io (fh => $_[0], poll => $_[1] ? "w" : "r", cb => $_[2])
		1365	}
		1366
		1367	sub timer($$$) {
		1368	AnyEvent->timer (after => $_[0], interval => $_[1], cb => $_[2])
		1369	}
		1370
		1371	sub signal($$) {
		1372	AnyEvent->signal (signal => $_[0], cb => $_[1])
		1373	}
		1374
		1375	sub child($$) {
		1376	AnyEvent->child (pid => $_[0], cb => $_[1])
		1377	}
		1378
		1379	sub idle($) {
		1380	AnyEvent->idle (cb => $_[0])
		1381	}
		1382
		1383	sub cv(;&) {
		1384	AnyEvent->condvar (@_ ? (cb => $_[0]) : ())
		1385	}
		1386
		1387	sub now() {
		1388	AnyEvent->now
		1389	}
		1390
		1391	sub now_update() {
		1392	AnyEvent->now_update
		1393	}
		1394
		1395	sub time() {
		1396	AnyEvent->time
		1397	}
		1398
1232	package AnyEvent::Base;	1399	package AnyEvent::Base;
1233		1400
1234	# default implementations for many methods	1401	# default implementations for many methods
1235		1402
1236	sub _time {	1403	sub time {
		1404	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
1237	# probe for availability of Time::HiRes	1405	# probe for availability of Time::HiRes
1238	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {	1406	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {
1239	warn "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;	1407	warn "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1240	*_time = \&Time::HiRes::time;	1408	*AE::time = \&Time::HiRes::time;
1241	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...	1409	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...
1242	} else {	1410	} else {
1243	warn "AnyEvent: using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!\n" if $VERBOSE;	1411	warn "AnyEvent: using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!\n" if $VERBOSE;
1244	*_time = sub { time }; # epic fail	1412	*AE::time = sub (){ time }; # epic fail
		1413	}
		1414
		1415	*time = sub { AE::time }; # different prototypes
1245	}	1416	};
		1417	die if $@;
1246		1418
1247	&_time	1419	&time
1248	}	1420	}
1249		1421
1250	sub time { _time }	1422	*now = \&time;
1251	sub now { _time }	1423
1252	sub now_update { }	1424	sub now_update { }
1253		1425
1254	# default implementation for ->condvar	1426	# default implementation for ->condvar
1255		1427
1256	sub condvar {	1428	sub condvar {
		1429	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
		1430	*condvar = sub {
1257	bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"	1431	bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"
		1432	};
		1433
		1434	*AE::cv = sub (;&) {
		1435	bless { @_ ? (_ae_cb => shift) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"
		1436	};
		1437	};
		1438	die if $@;
		1439
		1440	&condvar
1258	}	1441	}
1259		1442
1260	# default implementation for ->signal	1443	# default implementation for ->signal
1261		1444
1262	our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;	1445	our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;
		1446
		1447	sub _have_async_interrupt() {
		1448	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT = 1*(!$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT}
		1449	&& eval "use Async::Interrupt 1.02 (); 1")
		1450	unless defined $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;
		1451
		1452	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1453	}
		1454
1263	our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO);	1455	our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO);
1264	our (%SIG_ASY, %SIG_ASY_W);	1456	our (%SIG_ASY, %SIG_ASY_W);
1265	our ($SIG_COUNT, $SIG_TW);	1457	our ($SIG_COUNT, $SIG_TW);
1266		1458
1267	sub _signal_exec {
1268	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
1269	? $SIGPIPE_R->drain
1270	: sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 9;
1271
1272	while (%SIG_EV) {
1273	for (keys %SIG_EV) {
1274	delete $SIG_EV{$_};
1275	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} \|\| {} };
1276	}
1277	}
1278	}
1279
1280	# install a dumym wakeupw atcher to reduce signal catching latency	1459	# install a dummy wakeup watcher to reduce signal catching latency
		1460	# used by Impls
1281	sub _sig_add() {	1461	sub _sig_add() {
1282	unless ($SIG_COUNT++) {	1462	unless ($SIG_COUNT++) {
1283	# try to align timer on a full-second boundary, if possible	1463	# try to align timer on a full-second boundary, if possible
1284	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;	1464	my $NOW = AE::now;
1285		1465
1286	$SIG_TW = AnyEvent->timer (	1466	$SIG_TW = AE::timer
1287	after => $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY - ($NOW - int $NOW),	1467	$MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY - ($NOW - int $NOW),
1288	interval => $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY,	1468	$MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY,
1289	cb => sub { }, # just for the PERL_ASYNC_CHECK	1469	sub { } # just for the PERL_ASYNC_CHECK
1290	);	1470	;
1291	}	1471	}
1292	}	1472	}
1293		1473
1294	sub _sig_del {	1474	sub _sig_del {
1295	undef $SIG_TW	1475	undef $SIG_TW
1296	unless --$SIG_COUNT;	1476	unless --$SIG_COUNT;
1297	}	1477	}
1298		1478
		1479	our $_sig_name_init; $_sig_name_init = sub {
		1480	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
		1481	undef $_sig_name_init;
		1482
		1483	if (_have_async_interrupt) {
		1484	*sig2num = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2num;
		1485	*sig2name = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2name;
		1486	} else {
		1487	require Config;
		1488
		1489	my %signame2num;
		1490	@signame2num{ split ' ', $Config::Config{sig_name} }
		1491	= split ' ', $Config::Config{sig_num};
		1492
		1493	my @signum2name;
		1494	@signum2name[values %signame2num] = keys %signame2num;
		1495
		1496	*sig2num = sub($) {
		1497	$_[0] > 0 ? shift : $signame2num{+shift}
		1498	};
		1499	*sig2name = sub ($) {
		1500	$_[0] > 0 ? $signum2name[+shift] : shift
		1501	};
		1502	}
		1503	};
		1504	die if $@;
		1505	};
		1506
		1507	sub sig2num ($) { &$_sig_name_init; &sig2num }
		1508	sub sig2name($) { &$_sig_name_init; &sig2name }
		1509
1299	sub _signal {	1510	sub signal {
1300	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1511	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
		1512	# probe for availability of Async::Interrupt
		1513	if (_have_async_interrupt) {
		1514	warn "AnyEvent: using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1301		1515
1302	my $signal = uc $arg{signal}	1516	$SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe;
1303	or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing";	1517	$SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, 0, \&_signal_exec;
1304		1518
1305	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};	1519	} else {
		1520	warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1306		1521
1307	if ($HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT) {	1522	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {
1308	# async::interrupt	1523	require AnyEvent::Util;
1309		1524
1310	$SIG_ASY{$signal} \|\|= do {	1525	($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe ();
1311	my $asy = new Async::Interrupt	1526	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R, 1) if $SIGPIPE_R;
1312	cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} },	1527	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W, 1) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
1313	signal => $signal,	1528	} else {
1314	pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos],	1529	pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W;
		1530	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, AnyEvent::F_SETFL, AnyEvent::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R;
		1531	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, AnyEvent::F_SETFL, AnyEvent::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
		1532
		1533	# not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure...
		1534	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, AnyEvent::F_SETFD, AnyEvent::FD_CLOEXEC;
		1535	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, AnyEvent::F_SETFD, AnyEvent::FD_CLOEXEC;
1315	;	1536	}
1316	$asy->pipe_autodrain (0);
1317		1537
1318	$asy	1538	$SIGPIPE_R
		1539	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";
		1540
		1541	$SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R, 0, \&_signal_exec;
		1542	}
		1543
		1544	*signal = $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1545	? sub {
		1546	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
		1547
		1548	# async::interrupt
		1549	my $signal = sig2num $arg{signal};
		1550	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
		1551
		1552	$SIG_ASY{$signal} \|\|= new Async::Interrupt
		1553	cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} },
		1554	signal => $signal,
		1555	pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos],
		1556	pipe_autodrain => 0,
		1557	;
		1558
		1559	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"
		1560	}
		1561	: sub {
		1562	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
		1563
		1564	# pure perl
		1565	my $signal = sig2name $arg{signal};
		1566	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
		1567
		1568	$SIG{$signal} \|\|= sub {
		1569	local $!;
		1570	syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV;
		1571	undef $SIG_EV{$signal};
		1572	};
		1573
		1574	# can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl,
		1575	# so limit the signal latency.
		1576	_sig_add;
		1577
		1578	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"
		1579	}
		1580	;
		1581
		1582	*AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY = sub {
		1583	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
		1584
		1585	_sig_del;
		1586
		1587	delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};
		1588
		1589	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1590	? delete $SIG_ASY{$signal}
		1591	: # delete doesn't work with older perls - they then
		1592	# print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit
		1593	# instead of getting the default action.
		1594	undef $SIG{$signal}
		1595	unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };
1319	};	1596	};
1320		1597
1321	} else {	1598	*_signal_exec = sub {
1322	# pure perl	1599	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1600	? $SIGPIPE_R->drain
		1601	: sysread $SIGPIPE_R, (my $dummy), 9;
1323		1602
1324	$SIG{$signal} \|\|= sub {	1603	while (%SIG_EV) {
1325	local $!;	1604	for (keys %SIG_EV) {
1326	syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV;	1605	delete $SIG_EV{$_};
1327	undef $SIG_EV{$signal};	1606	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} \|\| {} };
		1607	}
		1608	}
1328	};	1609	};
1329
1330	# can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl,
1331	# so limit the signal latency.
1332	_sig_add;
1333	}	1610	};
		1611	die if $@;
1334		1612
1335	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"
1336	}
1337
1338	sub signal {
1339	# probe for availability of Async::Interrupt
1340	if (!$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT} && eval "use Async::Interrupt 0.6 (); 1") {
1341	warn "AnyEvent: using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1342
1343	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT = 1;
1344	$SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe;
1345	$SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec);
1346
1347	} else {
1348	warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1349
1350	require Fcntl;
1351
1352	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {
1353	require AnyEvent::Util;
1354
1355	($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe ();
1356	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R) if $SIGPIPE_R;
1357	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
1358	} else {
1359	pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W;
1360	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R;
1361	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
1362
1363	# not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure...
1364	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
1365	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
1366	}
1367
1368	$SIGPIPE_R
1369	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";
1370
1371	$SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec);
1372	}
1373
1374	*signal = \&_signal;
1375	&signal	1613	&signal
1376	}
1377
1378	sub AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY {
1379	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
1380
1381	_sig_del;
1382
1383	delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};
1384
1385	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
1386	? delete $SIG_ASY{$signal}
1387	: # delete doesn't work with older perls - they then
1388	# print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit
1389	# instead of getting the default action.
1390	undef $SIG{$signal}
1391	unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };
1392	}	1614	}
1393		1615
1394	# default implementation for ->child	1616	# default implementation for ->child
1395		1617
1396	our %PID_CB;	1618	our %PID_CB;
1397	our $CHLD_W;	1619	our $CHLD_W;
1398	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;	1620	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;
1399	our $WNOHANG;	1621	our $WNOHANG;
1400		1622
1401	sub _sigchld {	1623	# used by many Impl's
1402	while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) {	1624	sub _emit_childstatus($$) {
1403	$_->($pid, $?)	1625	my (undef, $rpid, $rstatus) = @_;
		1626
		1627	$_->($rpid, $rstatus)
1404	for values %{ $PID_CB{$pid} \|\| {} },	1628	for values %{ $PID_CB{$rpid} \|\| {} },
1405	values %{ $PID_CB{0} \|\| {} };	1629	values %{ $PID_CB{0} \|\| {} };
1406	}
1407	}	1630	}
1408		1631
1409	sub child {	1632	sub child {
		1633	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
		1634	*_sigchld = sub {
		1635	my $pid;
		1636
		1637	AnyEvent->_emit_childstatus ($pid, $?)
		1638	while ($pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG) > 0;
		1639	};
		1640
		1641	*child = sub {
1410	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1642	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
1411		1643
1412	defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0)	1644	defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0)
1413	or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing";	1645	or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing";
1414		1646
1415	$PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};	1647	$PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
1416		1648
1417	# WNOHANG is almost cetrainly 1 everywhere	1649	# WNOHANG is almost cetrainly 1 everywhere
1418	$WNOHANG \|\|= $^O =~ /^(?:openbsd\|netbsd\|linux\|freebsd\|cygwin\|MSWin32)$/	1650	$WNOHANG \|\|= $^O =~ /^(?:openbsd\|netbsd\|linux\|freebsd\|cygwin\|MSWin32)$/
1419	? 1	1651	? 1
1420	: eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } \|\| 1;	1652	: eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } \|\| 1;
1421		1653
1422	unless ($CHLD_W) {	1654	unless ($CHLD_W) {
1423	$CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld);	1655	$CHLD_W = AE::signal CHLD => \&_sigchld;
1424	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round	1656	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round
1425	&_sigchld;	1657	&_sigchld;
1426	}	1658	}
1427		1659
1428	bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child"	1660	bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child"
1429	}	1661	};
1430		1662
1431	sub AnyEvent::Base::child::DESTROY {	1663	*AnyEvent::Base::child::DESTROY = sub {
1432	my ($pid, $cb) = @{$_[0]};	1664	my ($pid, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
1433		1665
1434	delete $PID_CB{$pid}{$cb};	1666	delete $PID_CB{$pid}{$cb};
1435	delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} };	1667	delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} };
1436		1668
1437	undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB;	1669	undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB;
		1670	};
		1671	};
		1672	die if $@;
		1673
		1674	&child
1438	}	1675	}
1439		1676
1440	# idle emulation is done by simply using a timer, regardless	1677	# idle emulation is done by simply using a timer, regardless
1441	# of whether the process is idle or not, and not letting	1678	# of whether the process is idle or not, and not letting
1442	# the callback use more than 50% of the time.	1679	# the callback use more than 50% of the time.
1443	sub idle {	1680	sub idle {
		1681	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
		1682	*idle = sub {
1444	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1683	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
1445		1684
1446	my ($cb, $w, $rcb) = $arg{cb};	1685	my ($cb, $w, $rcb) = $arg{cb};
1447		1686
1448	$rcb = sub {	1687	$rcb = sub {
1449	if ($cb) {	1688	if ($cb) {
1450	$w = _time;	1689	$w = _time;
1451	&$cb;	1690	&$cb;
1452	$w = _time - $w;	1691	$w = _time - $w;
1453		1692
1454	# never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher,	1693	# never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher,
1455	# within some limits	1694	# within some limits
1456	$w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001;	1695	$w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001;
1457	$w = 5 if $w > 5;	1696	$w = 5 if $w > 5;
1458		1697
1459	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $w, cb => $rcb);	1698	$w = AE::timer $w, 0, $rcb;
1460	} else {	1699	} else {
1461	# clean up...	1700	# clean up...
1462	undef $w;	1701	undef $w;
1463	undef $rcb;	1702	undef $rcb;
		1703	}
		1704	};
		1705
		1706	$w = AE::timer 0.05, 0, $rcb;
		1707
		1708	bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle"
1464	}	1709	};
		1710
		1711	*AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY = sub {
		1712	undef $${$_[0]};
		1713	};
1465	};	1714	};
		1715	die if $@;
1466		1716
1467	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 0.05, cb => $rcb);	1717	&idle
1468
1469	bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle"
1470	}
1471
1472	sub AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY {
1473	undef $${$_[0]};
1474	}	1718	}
1475		1719
1476	package AnyEvent::CondVar;	1720	package AnyEvent::CondVar;
1477		1721
1478	our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::;	1722	our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::;
…		…
1526	Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak} if $_[0]{_ae_croak};	1770	Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak} if $_[0]{_ae_croak};
1527	wantarray ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0]	1771	wantarray ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0]
1528	}	1772	}
1529		1773
1530	sub cb {	1774	sub cb {
1531	$_[0]{_ae_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;	1775	my $cv = shift;
		1776
		1777	@_
		1778	and $cv->{_ae_cb} = shift
		1779	and $cv->{_ae_sent}
		1780	and (delete $cv->{_ae_cb})->($cv);
		1781
1532	$_[0]{_ae_cb}	1782	$cv->{_ae_cb}
1533	}	1783	}
1534		1784
1535	sub begin {	1785	sub begin {
1536	++$_[0]{_ae_counter};	1786	++$_[0]{_ae_counter};
1537	$_[0]{_ae_end_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;	1787	$_[0]{_ae_end_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;
…		…
1746	warn "read: $input\n"; # output what has been read	1996	warn "read: $input\n"; # output what has been read
1747	$cv->send if $input =~ /^q/i; # quit program if /^q/i	1997	$cv->send if $input =~ /^q/i; # quit program if /^q/i
1748	},	1998	},
1749	);	1999	);
1750		2000
1751	my $time_watcher; # can only be used once
1752
1753	sub new_timer {
1754	$timer = AnyEvent->timer (after => 1, cb => sub {	2001	my $time_watcher = AnyEvent->timer (after => 1, interval => 1, cb => sub {
1755	warn "timeout\n"; # print 'timeout' about every second	2002	warn "timeout\n"; # print 'timeout' at most every second
1756	&new_timer; # and restart the time
1757	});	2003	});
1758	}
1759
1760	new_timer; # create first timer
1761		2004
1762	$cv->recv; # wait until user enters /^q/i	2005	$cv->recv; # wait until user enters /^q/i
1763		2006
1764	=head1 REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE	2007	=head1 REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE
1765		2008
…		…
1838		2081
1839	The actual code goes further and collects all errors (C<die>s, exceptions)	2082	The actual code goes further and collects all errors (C<die>s, exceptions)
1840	that occurred during request processing. The C<result> method detects	2083	that occurred during request processing. The C<result> method detects
1841	whether an exception as thrown (it is stored inside the $txn object)	2084	whether an exception as thrown (it is stored inside the $txn object)
1842	and just throws the exception, which means connection errors and other	2085	and just throws the exception, which means connection errors and other
1843	problems get reported tot he code that tries to use the result, not in a	2086	problems get reported to the code that tries to use the result, not in a
1844	random callback.	2087	random callback.
1845		2088
1846	All of this enables the following usage styles:	2089	All of this enables the following usage styles:
1847		2090
1848	1. Blocking:	2091	1. Blocking:
…		…
1896	through AnyEvent. The benchmark creates a lot of timers (with a zero	2139	through AnyEvent. The benchmark creates a lot of timers (with a zero
1897	timeout) and I/O watchers (watching STDOUT, a pty, to become writable,	2140	timeout) and I/O watchers (watching STDOUT, a pty, to become writable,
1898	which it is), lets them fire exactly once and destroys them again.	2141	which it is), lets them fire exactly once and destroys them again.
1899		2142
1900	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench> in the AnyEvent	2143	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench> in the AnyEvent
1901	distribution.	2144	distribution. It uses the L<AE> interface, which makes a real difference
		2145	for the EV and Perl backends only.
1902		2146
1903	=head3 Explanation of the columns	2147	=head3 Explanation of the columns
1904		2148
1905	I<watcher> is the number of event watchers created/destroyed. Since	2149	I<watcher> is the number of event watchers created/destroyed. Since
1906	different event models feature vastly different performances, each event	2150	different event models feature vastly different performances, each event
…		…
1927	watcher.	2171	watcher.
1928		2172
1929	=head3 Results	2173	=head3 Results
1930		2174
1931	name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment	2175	name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment
1932	EV/EV 400000 224 0.47 0.35 0.27 EV native interface	2176	EV/EV 100000 223 0.47 0.43 0.27 EV native interface
1933	EV/Any 100000 224 2.88 0.34 0.27 EV + AnyEvent watchers	2177	EV/Any 100000 223 0.48 0.42 0.26 EV + AnyEvent watchers
1934	CoroEV/Any 100000 224 2.85 0.35 0.28 coroutines + Coro::Signal	2178	Coro::EV/Any 100000 223 0.47 0.42 0.26 coroutines + Coro::Signal
1935	Perl/Any 100000 452 4.13 0.73 0.95 pure perl implementation	2179	Perl/Any 100000 431 2.70 0.74 0.92 pure perl implementation
1936	Event/Event 16000 517 32.20 31.80 0.81 Event native interface	2180	Event/Event 16000 516 31.16 31.84 0.82 Event native interface
1937	Event/Any 16000 590 35.85 31.55 1.06 Event + AnyEvent watchers	2181	Event/Any 16000 1203 42.61 34.79 1.80 Event + AnyEvent watchers
1938	IOAsync/Any 16000 989 38.10 32.77 11.13 via IO::Async::Loop::IO_Poll	2182	IOAsync/Any 16000 1911 41.92 27.45 16.81 via IO::Async::Loop::IO_Poll
1939	IOAsync/Any 16000 990 37.59 29.50 10.61 via IO::Async::Loop::Epoll	2183	IOAsync/Any 16000 1726 40.69 26.37 15.25 via IO::Async::Loop::Epoll
1940	Glib/Any 16000 1357 102.33 12.31 51.00 quadratic behaviour	2184	Glib/Any 16000 1118 89.00 12.57 51.17 quadratic behaviour
1941	Tk/Any 2000 1860 27.20 66.31 14.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers	2185	Tk/Any 2000 1346 20.96 10.75 8.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers
1942	POE/Event 2000 6328 109.99 751.67 14.02 via POE::Loop::Event	2186	POE/Any 2000 6951 108.97 795.32 14.24 via POE::Loop::Event
1943	POE/Select 2000 6027 94.54 809.13 579.80 via POE::Loop::Select	2187	POE/Any 2000 6648 94.79 774.40 575.51 via POE::Loop::Select
1944		2188
1945	=head3 Discussion	2189	=head3 Discussion
1946		2190
1947	The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very	2191	The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very
1948	well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one)	2192	well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one)
…		…
1960	benchmark machine, handling an event takes roughly 1600 CPU cycles with	2204	benchmark machine, handling an event takes roughly 1600 CPU cycles with
1961	EV, 3100 CPU cycles with AnyEvent's pure perl loop and almost 3000000 CPU	2205	EV, 3100 CPU cycles with AnyEvent's pure perl loop and almost 3000000 CPU
1962	cycles with POE.	2206	cycles with POE.
1963		2207
1964	C<EV> is the sole leader regarding speed and memory use, which are both	2208	C<EV> is the sole leader regarding speed and memory use, which are both
1965	maximal/minimal, respectively. Even when going through AnyEvent, it uses	2209	maximal/minimal, respectively. When using the L<AE> API there is zero
		2210	overhead (when going through the AnyEvent API create is about 5-6 times
		2211	slower, with other times being equal, so still uses far less memory than
1966	far less memory than any other event loop and is still faster than Event	2212	any other event loop and is still faster than Event natively).
1967	natively.
1968		2213
1969	The pure perl implementation is hit in a few sweet spots (both the	2214	The pure perl implementation is hit in a few sweet spots (both the
1970	constant timeout and the use of a single fd hit optimisations in the perl	2215	constant timeout and the use of a single fd hit optimisations in the perl
1971	interpreter and the backend itself). Nevertheless this shows that it	2216	interpreter and the backend itself). Nevertheless this shows that it
1972	adds very little overhead in itself. Like any select-based backend its	2217	adds very little overhead in itself. Like any select-based backend its
…		…
2046	In this benchmark, we use 10000 socket pairs (20000 sockets), of which 100	2291	In this benchmark, we use 10000 socket pairs (20000 sockets), of which 100
2047	(1%) are active. This mirrors the activity of large servers with many	2292	(1%) are active. This mirrors the activity of large servers with many
2048	connections, most of which are idle at any one point in time.	2293	connections, most of which are idle at any one point in time.
2049		2294
2050	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench2> in the AnyEvent	2295	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench2> in the AnyEvent
2051	distribution.	2296	distribution. It uses the L<AE> interface, which makes a real difference
		2297	for the EV and Perl backends only.
2052		2298
2053	=head3 Explanation of the columns	2299	=head3 Explanation of the columns
2054		2300
2055	I<sockets> is the number of sockets, and twice the number of "servers" (as	2301	I<sockets> is the number of sockets, and twice the number of "servers" (as
2056	each server has a read and write socket end).	2302	each server has a read and write socket end).
…		…
2064	a new one that moves the timeout into the future.	2310	a new one that moves the timeout into the future.
2065		2311
2066	=head3 Results	2312	=head3 Results
2067		2313
2068	name sockets create request	2314	name sockets create request
2069	EV 20000 69.01 11.16	2315	EV 20000 62.66 7.99
2070	Perl 20000 73.32 35.87	2316	Perl 20000 68.32 32.64
2071	IOAsync 20000 157.00 98.14 epoll	2317	IOAsync 20000 174.06 101.15 epoll
2072	IOAsync 20000 159.31 616.06 poll	2318	IOAsync 20000 174.67 610.84 poll
2073	Event 20000 212.62 257.32	2319	Event 20000 202.69 242.91
2074	Glib 20000 651.16 1896.30	2320	Glib 20000 557.01 1689.52
2075	POE 20000 349.67 12317.24 uses POE::Loop::Event	2321	POE 20000 341.54 12086.32 uses POE::Loop::Event
2076		2322
2077	=head3 Discussion	2323	=head3 Discussion
2078		2324
2079	This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the	2325	This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the
2080	particular event loop.	2326	particular event loop.
…		…
2206	As you can see, the AnyEvent + EV combination even beats the	2452	As you can see, the AnyEvent + EV combination even beats the
2207	hand-optimised "raw sockets benchmark", while AnyEvent + its pure perl	2453	hand-optimised "raw sockets benchmark", while AnyEvent + its pure perl
2208	backend easily beats IO::Lambda and POE.	2454	backend easily beats IO::Lambda and POE.
2209		2455
2210	And even the 100% non-blocking version written using the high-level (and	2456	And even the 100% non-blocking version written using the high-level (and
2211	slow :) L<AnyEvent::Handle> abstraction beats both POE and IO::Lambda by a	2457	slow :) L<AnyEvent::Handle> abstraction beats both POE and IO::Lambda
2212	large margin, even though it does all of DNS, tcp-connect and socket I/O	2458	higher level ("unoptimised") abstractions by a large margin, even though
2213	in a non-blocking way.	2459	it does all of DNS, tcp-connect and socket I/O in a non-blocking way.
2214		2460
2215	The two AnyEvent benchmarks programs can be found as F<eg/ae0.pl> and	2461	The two AnyEvent benchmarks programs can be found as F<eg/ae0.pl> and
2216	F<eg/ae2.pl> in the AnyEvent distribution, the remaining benchmarks are	2462	F<eg/ae2.pl> in the AnyEvent distribution, the remaining benchmarks are
2217	part of the IO::lambda distribution and were used without any changes.	2463	part of the IO::Lambda distribution and were used without any changes.
2218		2464
2219		2465
2220	=head1 SIGNALS	2466	=head1 SIGNALS
2221		2467
2222	AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals:	2468	AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals:
…		…
2264	it's built-in modules) are required to use it.	2510	it's built-in modules) are required to use it.
2265		2511
2266	That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional	2512	That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional
2267	modules if they are installed.	2513	modules if they are installed.
2268		2514
2269	This section epxlains which additional modules will be used, and how they	2515	This section explains which additional modules will be used, and how they
2270	affect AnyEvent's operetion.	2516	affect AnyEvent's operation.
2271		2517
2272	=over 4	2518	=over 4
2273		2519
2274	=item L<Async::Interrupt>	2520	=item L<Async::Interrupt>
2275		2521
…		…
2280	catch the signals) with some delay (default is 10 seconds, look for	2526	catch the signals) with some delay (default is 10 seconds, look for
2281	C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>).	2527	C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>).
2282		2528
2283	If this module is available, then it will be used to implement signal	2529	If this module is available, then it will be used to implement signal
2284	catching, which means that signals will not be delayed, and the event loop	2530	catching, which means that signals will not be delayed, and the event loop
2285	will not be interrupted regularly, which is more efficient (And good for	2531	will not be interrupted regularly, which is more efficient (and good for
2286	battery life on laptops).	2532	battery life on laptops).
2287		2533
2288	This affects not just the pure-perl event loop, but also other event loops	2534	This affects not just the pure-perl event loop, but also other event loops
2289	that have no signal handling on their own (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt).	2535	that have no signal handling on their own (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt).
2290		2536
…		…
2302	automatic timer adjustments even when no monotonic clock is available,	2548	automatic timer adjustments even when no monotonic clock is available,
2303	can take avdantage of advanced kernel interfaces such as C<epoll> and	2549	can take avdantage of advanced kernel interfaces such as C<epoll> and
2304	C<kqueue>, and is the fastest backend I<by far>. You can even embed	2550	C<kqueue>, and is the fastest backend I<by far>. You can even embed
2305	L<Glib>/L<Gtk2> in it (or vice versa, see L<EV::Glib> and L<Glib::EV>).	2551	L<Glib>/L<Gtk2> in it (or vice versa, see L<EV::Glib> and L<Glib::EV>).
2306		2552
		2553	If you only use backends that rely on another event loop (e.g. C<Tk>),
		2554	then this module will do nothing for you.
		2555
2307	=item L<Guard>	2556	=item L<Guard>
2308		2557
2309	The guard module, when used, will be used to implement	2558	The guard module, when used, will be used to implement
2310	C<AnyEvent::Util::guard>. This speeds up guards considerably (and uses a	2559	C<AnyEvent::Util::guard>. This speeds up guards considerably (and uses a
2311	lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is	2560	lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is
2312	purely used for performance.	2561	purely used for performance.
2313		2562
2314	=item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS>	2563	=item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS>
2315		2564
2316	This module is required when you want to read or write JSON data via	2565	One of these modules is required when you want to read or write JSON data
2317	L<AnyEvent::Handle>. It is also written in pure-perl, but can take	2566	via L<AnyEvent::Handle>. L<JSON> is also written in pure-perl, but can take
2318	advantage of the ultra-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed.	2567	advantage of the ultra-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed.
2319
2320	In fact, L<AnyEvent::Handle> will use L<JSON::XS> by default if it is
2321	installed.
2322		2568
2323	=item L<Net::SSLeay>	2569	=item L<Net::SSLeay>
2324		2570
2325	Implementing TLS/SSL in Perl is certainly interesting, but not very	2571	Implementing TLS/SSL in Perl is certainly interesting, but not very
2326	worthwhile: If this module is installed, then L<AnyEvent::Handle> (with	2572	worthwhile: If this module is installed, then L<AnyEvent::Handle> (with
…		…
2337		2583
2338		2584
2339	=head1 FORK	2585	=head1 FORK
2340		2586
2341	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are	2587	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are
2342	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll>	2588	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll> calls
2343	calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware.	2589	- higher performance APIs such as BSD's kqueue or the dreaded Linux epoll
		2590	are usually badly thought-out hacks that are incompatible with fork in
		2591	one way or another. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware and ensures that you
		2592	continue event-processing in both parent and child (or both, if you know
		2593	what you are doing).
		2594
		2595	This means that, in general, you cannot fork and do event processing in
		2596	the child if the event library was initialised before the fork (which
		2597	usually happens when the first AnyEvent watcher is created, or the library
		2598	is loaded).
2344		2599
2345	If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first	2600	If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first
2346	watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child OR you must do	2601	watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child OR you must do
2347	something completely out of the scope of AnyEvent.	2602	something completely out of the scope of AnyEvent.
		2603
		2604	The problem of doing event processing in the parent I<and> the child
		2605	is much more complicated: even for backends that I<are> fork-aware or
		2606	fork-safe, their behaviour is not usually what you want: fork clones all
		2607	watchers, that means all timers, I/O watchers etc. are active in both
		2608	parent and child, which is almost never what you want. USing C<exec>
		2609	to start worker children from some kind of manage rprocess is usually
		2610	preferred, because it is much easier and cleaner, at the expense of having
		2611	to have another binary.
2348		2612
2349		2613
2350	=head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS	2614	=head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
2351		2615
2352	AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via	2616	AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via
…		…
2390	L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>.	2654	L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>.
2391		2655
2392	Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>,	2656	Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>,
2393	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>,	2657	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>,
2394	L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>,	2658	L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>,
2395	L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>.	2659	L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>, L<Anyevent::Impl::Irssi>.
2396		2660
2397	Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and	2661	Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and
2398	servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>.	2662	servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>.
2399		2663
2400	Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>.	2664	Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>.

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Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents): Revision 1.248 by root, Sat Jul 18 22:27:10 2009 UTC vs. Revision 1.320 by root, Mon Apr 12 02:50:31 2010 UTC

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Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.248 by root, Sat Jul 18 22:27:10 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.320 by root, Mon Apr 12 02:50:31 2010 UTC