[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm

Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.219 by root, Thu Jun 25 11:16:08 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.264 by root, Wed Jul 29 12:42:09 2009 UTC

…		…
1	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
2		2
3	AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops	3	AnyEvent - the DBI of event loop programming
4		4
5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt and POE are various supported	5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Irssi, rxvt-unicode, IO::Async, Qt
6	event loops.	6	and POE are various supported event loops/environments.
7		7
8	=head1 SYNOPSIS	8	=head1 SYNOPSIS
9		9
10	use AnyEvent;	10	use AnyEvent;
11		11
40	=head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL	40	=head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL
41		41
42	This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested	42	This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested
43	in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the	43	in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the
44	L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage.	44	L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage.
		45
		46	=head1 SUPPORT
		47
		48	There is a mailinglist for discussing all things AnyEvent, and an IRC
		49	channel, too.
		50
		51	See the AnyEvent project page at the B<Schmorpforge Ta-Sa Software
		52	Repository>, at L<http://anyevent.schmorp.de>, for more info.
45		53
46	=head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT)	54	=head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT)
47		55
48	Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen	56	Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen
49	nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent?	57	nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent?
…		…
176	=head2 I/O WATCHERS	184	=head2 I/O WATCHERS
177		185
178	You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method	186	You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method
179	with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:	187	with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:
180		188
181	C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (I<not> file descriptor) to watch	189	C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch
182	for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file	190	for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file
183	handle). Note that only file handles pointing to things for which	191	handle). Note that only file handles pointing to things for which
184	non-blocking operation makes sense are allowed. This includes sockets,	192	non-blocking operation makes sense are allowed. This includes sockets,
185	most character devices, pipes, fifos and so on, but not for example files	193	most character devices, pipes, fifos and so on, but not for example files
186	or block devices.	194	or block devices.
…		…
361	invocation, and callback invocation will be synchronous. Synchronous means	369	invocation, and callback invocation will be synchronous. Synchronous means
362	that it might take a while until the signal gets handled by the process,	370	that it might take a while until the signal gets handled by the process,
363	but it is guaranteed not to interrupt any other callbacks.	371	but it is guaranteed not to interrupt any other callbacks.
364		372
365	The main advantage of using these watchers is that you can share a signal	373	The main advantage of using these watchers is that you can share a signal
366	between multiple watchers.	374	between multiple watchers, and AnyEvent will ensure that signals will not
		375	interrupt your program at bad times.
367		376
368	This watcher might use C<%SIG>, so programs overwriting those signals	377	This watcher might use C<%SIG> (depending on the event loop used),
369	directly will likely not work correctly.	378	so programs overwriting those signals directly will likely not work
		379	correctly.
370		380
371	Example: exit on SIGINT	381	Example: exit on SIGINT
372		382
373	my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 });	383	my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 });
374		384
		385	=head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds
		386
		387	Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support attaching
		388	callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot do
		389	race-free signal handling in perl. AnyEvent will try to do it's best, but
		390	in some cases, signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might
		391	be delayed is specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10
		392	seconds). This variable can be changed only before the first signal
		393	watcher is created, and should be left alone otherwise. Higher values
		394	will cause fewer spurious wake-ups, which is better for power and CPU
		395	saving. All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional
		396	L<Async::Interrupt> module. This will not work with inherently broken
		397	event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib> (and not with L<POE>
		398	currently, as POE does it's own workaround with one-second latency). With
		399	those, you just have to suffer the delays.
		400
375	=head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS	401	=head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS
376		402
377	You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status.	403	You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status.
378		404
379	The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (if set to C<0>, it	405	The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (one some backends,
380	watches for any child process exit). The watcher will triggered only when	406	using C<0> watches for any child process exit, on others this will
381	the child process has finished and an exit status is available, not on	407	croak). The watcher will be triggered only when the child process has
382	any trace events (stopped/continued).	408	finished and an exit status is available, not on any trace events
		409	(stopped/continued).
383		410
384	The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by	411	The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by
385	waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher	412	waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher
386	callback arguments.	413	callback arguments.
387		414
…		…
403		430
404	This means you cannot create a child watcher as the very first	431	This means you cannot create a child watcher as the very first
405	thing in an AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one	432	thing in an AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one
406	watcher before you C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call	433	watcher before you C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call
407	C<AnyEvent::detect>).	434	C<AnyEvent::detect>).
		435
		436	As most event loops do not support waiting for child events, they will be
		437	emulated by AnyEvent in most cases, in which the latency and race problems
		438	mentioned in the description of signal watchers apply.
408		439
409	Example: fork a process and wait for it	440	Example: fork a process and wait for it
410		441
411	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;	442	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;
412		443
…		…
463		494
464	If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them	495	If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them
465	require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that	496	require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that
466	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.	497	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.
467		498
468	AnyEvent is different, it expects somebody else to run the event loop and	499	AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event
469	will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user).	500	loop and will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user).
470		501
471	The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called	502	The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called
472	because they represent a condition that must become true.	503	because they represent a condition that must become true.
473		504
		505	Now is probably a good time to look at the examples further below.
		506
474	Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar	507	Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar
475	>> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is	508	>> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is
476
477	C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable	509	C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable
478	becomes true, with the condition variable as the first argument (but not	510	becomes true, with the condition variable as the first argument (but not
479	the results).	511	the results).
480		512
481	After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true"	513	After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true"
…		…
486	Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can	518	Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can
487	optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points	519	optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points
488	in time where multiple outstanding events have been processed. And yet	520	in time where multiple outstanding events have been processed. And yet
489	another way to call them is transactions - each condition variable can be	521	another way to call them is transactions - each condition variable can be
490	used to represent a transaction, which finishes at some point and delivers	522	used to represent a transaction, which finishes at some point and delivers
491	a result.	523	a result. And yet some people know them as "futures" - a promise to
		524	compute/deliver something that you can wait for.
492		525
493	Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished,	526	Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished,
494	for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests,	527	for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests,
495	then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the	528	then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the
496	availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is	529	availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is
…		…
530	after => 1,	563	after => 1,
531	cb => sub { $result_ready->send },	564	cb => sub { $result_ready->send },
532	);	565	);
533		566
534	# this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback	567	# this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback
535	# calls send	568	# calls -<send
536	$result_ready->recv;	569	$result_ready->recv;
537		570
538	Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that	571	Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition
539	condition variables are also code references.	572	variables are also callable directly.
540		573
541	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;	574	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;
542	my $delay = AnyEvent->timer (after => 5, cb => $done);	575	my $delay = AnyEvent->timer (after => 5, cb => $done);
543	$done->recv;	576	$done->recv;
544		577
…		…
550		583
551	...	584	...
552		585
553	my @info = $couchdb->info->recv;	586	my @info = $couchdb->info->recv;
554		587
555	And this is how you would just ste a callback to be called whenever the	588	And this is how you would just set a callback to be called whenever the
556	results are available:	589	results are available:
557		590
558	$couchdb->info->cb (sub {	591	$couchdb->info->cb (sub {
559	my @info = $_[0]->recv;	592	my @info = $_[0]->recv;
560	});	593	});
…		…
578	immediately from within send.	611	immediately from within send.
579		612
580	Any arguments passed to the C<send> call will be returned by all	613	Any arguments passed to the C<send> call will be returned by all
581	future C<< ->recv >> calls.	614	future C<< ->recv >> calls.
582		615
583	Condition variables are overloaded so one can call them directly	616	Condition variables are overloaded so one can call them directly (as if
584	(as a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling	617	they were a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling
585	C<send>. Note, however, that many C-based event loops do not handle	618	C<send>.
586	overloading, so as tempting as it may be, passing a condition variable
587	instead of a callback does not work. Both the pure perl and EV loops
588	support overloading, however, as well as all functions that use perl to
589	invoke a callback (as in L<AnyEvent::Socket> and L<AnyEvent::DNS> for
590	example).
591		619
592	=item $cv->croak ($error)	620	=item $cv->croak ($error)
593		621
594	Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke	622	Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke
595	C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar.	623	C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar.
596		624
597	This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable	625	This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable
598	user/consumer.	626	user/consumer. Doing it this way instead of calling C<croak> directly
		627	delays the error detetcion, but has the overwhelmign advantage that it
		628	diagnoses the error at the place where the result is expected, and not
		629	deep in some event clalback without connection to the actual code causing
		630	the problem.
599		631
600	=item $cv->begin ([group callback])	632	=item $cv->begin ([group callback])
601		633
602	=item $cv->end	634	=item $cv->end
603
604	These two methods are EXPERIMENTAL and MIGHT CHANGE.
605		635
606	These two methods can be used to combine many transactions/events into	636	These two methods can be used to combine many transactions/events into
607	one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want	637	one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want
608	to use a condition variable for the whole process.	638	to use a condition variable for the whole process.
609		639
…		…
611	C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end	641	C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end
612	>>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback	642	>>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback
613	is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no	643	is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no
614	callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments.	644	callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments.
615		645
616	Let's clarify this with the ping example:	646	You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call
		647	sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND
		648	condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends).
		649
		650	Let's start with a simple example: you have two I/O watchers (for example,
		651	STDOUT and STDERR for a program), and you want to wait for both streams to
		652	close before activating a condvar:
		653
		654	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
		655
		656	$cv->begin; # first watcher
		657	my $w1 = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh1, cb => sub {
		658	defined sysread $fh1, my $buf, 4096
		659	or $cv->end;
		660	});
		661
		662	$cv->begin; # second watcher
		663	my $w2 = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh2, cb => sub {
		664	defined sysread $fh2, my $buf, 4096
		665	or $cv->end;
		666	});
		667
		668	$cv->recv;
		669
		670	This works because for every event source (EOF on file handle), there is
		671	one call to C<begin>, so the condvar waits for all calls to C<end> before
		672	sending.
		673
		674	The ping example mentioned above is slightly more complicated, as the
		675	there are results to be passwd back, and the number of tasks that are
		676	begung can potentially be zero:
617		677
618	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	678	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
619		679
620	my %result;	680	my %result;
621	$cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) });	681	$cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) });
…		…
641	loop, which serves two important purposes: first, it sets the callback	701	loop, which serves two important purposes: first, it sets the callback
642	to be called once the counter reaches C<0>, and second, it ensures that	702	to be called once the counter reaches C<0>, and second, it ensures that
643	C<send> is called even when C<no> hosts are being pinged (the loop	703	C<send> is called even when C<no> hosts are being pinged (the loop
644	doesn't execute once).	704	doesn't execute once).
645		705
646	This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple subrequests:	706	This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple (but
647	use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set the callback and ensure C<end>	707	potentially none) subrequests: use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set
648	is called at least once, and then, for each subrequest you start, call	708	the callback and ensure C<end> is called at least once, and then, for each
649	C<begin> and for each subrequest you finish, call C<end>.	709	subrequest you start, call C<begin> and for each subrequest you finish,
		710	call C<end>.
650		711
651	=back	712	=back
652		713
653	=head3 METHODS FOR CONSUMERS	714	=head3 METHODS FOR CONSUMERS
654		715
…		…
670	function will call C<croak>.	731	function will call C<croak>.
671		732
672	In list context, all parameters passed to C<send> will be returned,	733	In list context, all parameters passed to C<send> will be returned,
673	in scalar context only the first one will be returned.	734	in scalar context only the first one will be returned.
674		735
		736	Note that doing a blocking wait in a callback is not supported by any
		737	event loop, that is, recursive invocation of a blocking C<< ->recv
		738	>> is not allowed, and the C<recv> call will C<croak> if such a
		739	condition is detected. This condition can be slightly loosened by using
		740	L<Coro::AnyEvent>, which allows you to do a blocking C<< ->recv >> from
		741	any thread that doesn't run the event loop itself.
		742
675	Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case	743	Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case
676	(programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are	744	(programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are
677	using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>, but let the	745	using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>. Instead, let the
678	caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling	746	caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling
679	condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting	747	condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting
680	callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block,	748	callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block,
681	while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires).	749	while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires).
682		750
683	Another reason I<never> to C<< ->recv >> in a module is that you cannot
684	sensibly have two C<< ->recv >>'s in parallel, as that would require
685	multiple interpreters or coroutines/threads, none of which C<AnyEvent>
686	can supply.
687
688	The L<Coro> module, however, I<can> and I<does> supply coroutines and, in
689	fact, L<Coro::AnyEvent> replaces AnyEvent's condvars by coroutine-safe
690	versions and also integrates coroutines into AnyEvent, making blocking
691	C<< ->recv >> calls perfectly safe as long as they are done from another
692	coroutine (one that doesn't run the event loop).
693
694	You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and	751	You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and
695	only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later	752	only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later
696	time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking	753	time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking
697	waits otherwise.	754	waits otherwise.
698		755
…		…
711	variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time	768	variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time
712	is guaranteed not to block.	769	is guaranteed not to block.
713		770
714	=back	771	=back
715		772
		773	=head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS
		774
		775	The available backend classes are (every class has its own manpage):
		776
		777	=over 4
		778
		779	=item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found.
		780
		781	EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in
		782	use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will try Event, and, failing
		783	that, will fall back to its own pure-perl implementation, which is
		784	available everywhere as it comes with AnyEvent itself.
		785
		786	AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice).
		787	AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches.
		788	AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable.
		789
		790	=item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used.
		791
		792	These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher
		793	is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using
		794	them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend
		795	when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to
		796	create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program.
		797
		798	AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable.
		799	AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken.
		800	AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.
		801	AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations.
		802	AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi used when running within irssi.
		803
		804	=item Backends with special needs.
		805
		806	Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will
		807	otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program
		808	instantiates the application before any AnyEvent watchers are created,
		809	everything should just work.
		810
		811	AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt.
		812
		813	Support for IO::Async can only be partial, as it is too broken and
		814	architecturally limited to even support the AnyEvent API. It also
		815	is the only event loop that needs the loop to be set explicitly, so
		816	it can only be used by a main program knowing about AnyEvent. See
		817	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Async> for the gory details.
		818
		819	AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync based on IO::Async, cannot be autoprobed.
		820
		821	=item Event loops that are indirectly supported via other backends.
		822
		823	Some event loops can be supported via other modules:
		824
		825	There is no direct support for WxWidgets (L<Wx>) or L<Prima>.
		826
		827	B<WxWidgets> has no support for watching file handles. However, you can
		828	use WxWidgets through the POE adaptor, as POE has a Wx backend that simply
		829	polls 20 times per second, which was considered to be too horrible to even
		830	consider for AnyEvent.
		831
		832	B<Prima> is not supported as nobody seems to be using it, but it has a POE
		833	backend, so it can be supported through POE.
		834
		835	AnyEvent knows about both L<Prima> and L<Wx>, however, and will try to
		836	load L<POE> when detecting them, in the hope that POE will pick them up,
		837	in which case everything will be automatic.
		838
		839	=back
		840
716	=head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS	841	=head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS
717		842
		843	These are not normally required to use AnyEvent, but can be useful to
		844	write AnyEvent extension modules.
		845
718	=over 4	846	=over 4
719		847
720	=item $AnyEvent::MODEL	848	=item $AnyEvent::MODEL
721		849
722	Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created. Then it	850	Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created, before the
		851	backend has been autodetected.
		852
723	contains the event model that is being used, which is the name of the	853	Afterwards it contains the event model that is being used, which is the
724	Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one of the	854	name of the Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one
725	C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the case	855	of the C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the
726	AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode>).	856	case AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode> it
727		857	will be C<urxvt::anyevent>).
728	The known classes so far are:
729
730	AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (an interface to libev, best choice).
731	AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, second best choice.
732	AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable.
733	AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, third-best choice.
734	AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very bad choice.
735	AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt, cannot be autoprobed (see its docs).
736	AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.
737	AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, not generic enough for full support.
738
739	# warning, support for IO::Async is only partial, as it is too broken
740	# and limited toe ven support the AnyEvent API. See AnyEvent::Impl::Async.
741	AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync based on IO::Async, cannot be autoprobed (see its docs).
742
743	There is no support for WxWidgets, as WxWidgets has no support for
744	watching file handles. However, you can use WxWidgets through the
745	POE Adaptor, as POE has a Wx backend that simply polls 20 times per
746	second, which was considered to be too horrible to even consider for
747	AnyEvent. Likewise, other POE backends can be used by AnyEvent by using
748	it's adaptor.
749
750	AnyEvent knows about L<Prima> and L<Wx> and will try to use L<POE> when
751	autodetecting them.
752		858
753	=item AnyEvent::detect	859	=item AnyEvent::detect
754		860
755	Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model	861	Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model
756	if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would	862	if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would
757	have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at	863	have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at
758	runtime.	864	runtime, and not e.g. while initialising of your module.
		865
		866	If you need to do some initialisation before AnyEvent watchers are
		867	created, use C<post_detect>.
759		868
760	=item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }	869	=item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }
761		870
762	Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is	871	Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is
763	autodetected (or immediately if this has already happened).	872	autodetected (or immediately if this has already happened).
764		873
		874	The block will be executed I<after> the actual backend has been detected
		875	(C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> is set), but I<before> any watchers have been
		876	created, so it is possible to e.g. patch C<@AnyEvent::ISA> or do
		877	other initialisations - see the sources of L<AnyEvent::Strict> or
		878	L<AnyEvent::AIO> to see how this is used.
		879
		880	The most common usage is to create some global watchers, without forcing
		881	event module detection too early, for example, L<AnyEvent::AIO> creates
		882	and installs the global L<IO::AIO> watcher in a C<post_detect> block to
		883	avoid autodetecting the event module at load time.
		884
765	If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object	885	If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object
766	that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed. See	886	that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed (or
		887	C<undef> when the hook was immediately executed). See L<AnyEvent::AIO> for
767	L<Coro::BDB> for a case where this is useful.	888	a case where this is useful.
		889
		890	Example: Create a watcher for the IO::AIO module and store it in
		891	C<$WATCHER>. Only do so after the event loop is initialised, though.
		892
		893	our WATCHER;
		894
		895	my $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect {
		896	$WATCHER = AnyEvent->io (fh => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, poll => 'r', cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		897	};
		898
		899	# the \|\|= is important in case post_detect immediately runs the block,
		900	# as to not clobber the newly-created watcher. assigning both watcher and
		901	# post_detect guard to the same variable has the advantage of users being
		902	# able to just C<undef $WATCHER> if the watcher causes them grief.
		903
		904	$WATCHER \|\|= $guard;
768		905
769	=item @AnyEvent::post_detect	906	=item @AnyEvent::post_detect
770		907
771	If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it	908	If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it
772	before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after	909	before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after
773	the event loop has been chosen.	910	the event loop has been chosen.
774		911
775	You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though:	912	You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though:
776	if it contains a true value then the event loop has already been detected,	913	if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the
777	and the array will be ignored.	914	array will be ignored.
778		915
779	Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> instead.	916	Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> when your application allows
		917	it,as it takes care of these details.
		918
		919	This variable is mainly useful for modules that can do something useful
		920	when AnyEvent is used and thus want to know when it is initialised, but do
		921	not need to even load it by default. This array provides the means to hook
		922	into AnyEvent passively, without loading it.
780		923
781	=back	924	=back
782		925
783	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE	926	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE
784		927
…		…
839		982
840		983
841	=head1 OTHER MODULES	984	=head1 OTHER MODULES
842		985
843	The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use	986	The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use
844	AnyEvent and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent modules	987	AnyEvent as a client and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent
845	in the same program. Some of the modules come with AnyEvent, some are	988	modules and other event loops in the same program. Some of the modules
846	available via CPAN.	989	come with AnyEvent, most are available via CPAN.
847		990
848	=over 4	991	=over 4
849		992
850	=item L<AnyEvent::Util>	993	=item L<AnyEvent::Util>
851		994
…		…
860		1003
861	=item L<AnyEvent::Handle>	1004	=item L<AnyEvent::Handle>
862		1005
863	Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes,	1006	Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes,
864	supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and	1007	supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and
865	non-blocking SSL/TLS.	1008	non-blocking SSL/TLS (via L<AnyEvent::TLS>.
866		1009
867	=item L<AnyEvent::DNS>	1010	=item L<AnyEvent::DNS>
868		1011
869	Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities.	1012	Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities.
870		1013
…		…
898		1041
899	=item L<AnyEvent::GPSD>	1042	=item L<AnyEvent::GPSD>
900		1043
901	A non-blocking interface to gpsd, a daemon delivering GPS information.	1044	A non-blocking interface to gpsd, a daemon delivering GPS information.
902		1045
		1046	=item L<AnyEvent::IRC>
		1047
		1048	AnyEvent based IRC client module family (replacing the older Net::IRC3).
		1049
		1050	=item L<AnyEvent::XMPP>
		1051
		1052	AnyEvent based XMPP (Jabber protocol) module family (replacing the older
		1053	Net::XMPP2>.
		1054
903	=item L<AnyEvent::IGS>	1055	=item L<AnyEvent::IGS>
904		1056
905	A non-blocking interface to the Internet Go Server protocol (used by	1057	A non-blocking interface to the Internet Go Server protocol (used by
906	L<App::IGS>).	1058	L<App::IGS>).
907		1059
908	=item L<AnyEvent::IRC>
909
910	AnyEvent based IRC client module family (replacing the older Net::IRC3).
911
912	=item L<Net::XMPP2>
913
914	AnyEvent based XMPP (Jabber protocol) module family.
915
916	=item L<Net::FCP>	1060	=item L<Net::FCP>
917		1061
918	AnyEvent-based implementation of the Freenet Client Protocol, birthplace	1062	AnyEvent-based implementation of the Freenet Client Protocol, birthplace
919	of AnyEvent.	1063	of AnyEvent.
920		1064
…		…
924		1068
925	=item L<Coro>	1069	=item L<Coro>
926		1070
927	Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>.	1071	Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>.
928		1072
929	=item L<IO::Lambda>
930
931	The lambda approach to I/O - don't ask, look there. Can use AnyEvent.
932
933	=back	1073	=back
934		1074
935	=cut	1075	=cut
936		1076
937	package AnyEvent;	1077	package AnyEvent;
938		1078
		1079	# basically a tuned-down version of common::sense
		1080	sub common_sense {
939	no warnings;	1081	# no warnings
		1082	${^WARNING_BITS} ^= ${^WARNING_BITS};
940	use strict qw(vars subs);	1083	# use strict vars subs
		1084	$^H \|= 0x00000600;
		1085	}
941		1086
		1087	BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		1088
942	use Carp;	1089	use Carp ();
943		1090
944	our $VERSION = 4.412;	1091	our $VERSION = 4.881;
945	our $MODEL;	1092	our $MODEL;
946		1093
947	our $AUTOLOAD;	1094	our $AUTOLOAD;
948	our @ISA;	1095	our @ISA;
949		1096
950	our @REGISTRY;	1097	our @REGISTRY;
951		1098
952	our $WIN32;	1099	our $WIN32;
		1100
		1101	our $VERBOSE;
953		1102
954	BEGIN {	1103	BEGIN {
955	eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }";	1104	eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }";
956	eval "sub TAINT(){ " . (${^TAINT}*1) . " }";	1105	eval "sub TAINT(){ " . (${^TAINT}*1) . " }";
957		1106
958	delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV}	1107	delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV}
959	if ${^TAINT};	1108	if ${^TAINT};
960	}
961		1109
962	our $verbose = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1;	1110	$VERBOSE = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1;
		1111
		1112	}
		1113
		1114	our $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY = 10;
963		1115
964	our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4\|ipv6) => (1\|2), higher numbers are preferred	1116	our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4\|ipv6) => (1\|2), higher numbers are preferred
965		1117
966	{	1118	{
967	my $idx;	1119	my $idx;
…		…
969	for reverse split /\s,\s/,	1121	for reverse split /\s,\s/,
970	$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} \|\| "ipv4,ipv6";	1122	$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} \|\| "ipv4,ipv6";
971	}	1123	}
972		1124
973	my @models = (	1125	my @models = (
974	[EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV::],	1126	[EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV:: , 1],
975	[Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::],	1127	[Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::, 1],
976	[AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::],	1128	[AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: , 1],
977	# everything below here will not be autoprobed	1129	# everything below here will not (normally) be autoprobed
978	# as the pureperl backend should work everywhere	1130	# as the pureperl backend should work everywhere
979	# and is usually faster	1131	# and is usually faster
		1132	[Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib:: , 1], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers
		1133	[Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy
		1134	[Irssi:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi::], # Irssi has a bogus "Event" package
980	[Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles	1135	[Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles
981	[Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers
982	[Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy
983	[Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program	1136	[Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program
984	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza	1137	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza
985	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],	1138	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
986	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],	1139	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
987	# IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workaorunds for its	1140	# IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its
988	# byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others.	1141	# byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others.
989	# IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any	1142	# IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any
990	# obvious default class.	1143	# obvious default class.
991	# [IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1144	# [0, IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
992	# [IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1145	# [0, IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
993	# [IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1146	# [0, IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
994	);	1147	);
995		1148
996	our %method = map +($_ => 1),	1149	our %method = map +($_ => 1),
997	qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY);	1150	qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY);
998		1151
…		…
1002	my ($cb) = @_;	1155	my ($cb) = @_;
1003		1156
1004	if ($MODEL) {	1157	if ($MODEL) {
1005	$cb->();	1158	$cb->();
1006		1159
1007	1	1160	undef
1008	} else {	1161	} else {
1009	push @post_detect, $cb;	1162	push @post_detect, $cb;
1010		1163
1011	defined wantarray	1164	defined wantarray
1012	? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect"	1165	? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect"
…		…
1018	@post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect;	1171	@post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect;
1019	}	1172	}
1020		1173
1021	sub detect() {	1174	sub detect() {
1022	unless ($MODEL) {	1175	unless ($MODEL) {
1023	no strict 'refs';
1024	local $SIG{__DIE__};	1176	local $SIG{__DIE__};
1025		1177
1026	if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) {	1178	if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) {
1027	my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1";	1179	my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1";
1028	if (eval "require $model") {	1180	if (eval "require $model") {
1029	$MODEL = $model;	1181	$MODEL = $model;
1030	warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL), using it.\n" if $verbose > 1;	1182	warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}), using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1031	} else {	1183	} else {
1032	warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL):\n$@" if $verbose;	1184	warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}):\n$@" if $VERBOSE;
1033	}	1185	}
1034	}	1186	}
1035		1187
1036	# check for already loaded models	1188	# check for already loaded models
1037	unless ($MODEL) {	1189	unless ($MODEL) {
1038	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {	1190	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1039	my ($package, $model) = @$_;	1191	my ($package, $model) = @$_;
1040	if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) {	1192	if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) {
1041	if (eval "require $model") {	1193	if (eval "require $model") {
1042	$MODEL = $model;	1194	$MODEL = $model;
1043	warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $verbose > 1;	1195	warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1044	last;	1196	last;
1045	}	1197	}
1046	}	1198	}
1047	}	1199	}
1048		1200
1049	unless ($MODEL) {	1201	unless ($MODEL) {
1050	# try to load a model	1202	# try to autoload a model
1051
1052	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {	1203	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1053	my ($package, $model) = @$_;	1204	my ($package, $model, $autoload) = @$_;
		1205	if (
		1206	$autoload
1054	if (eval "require $package"	1207	and eval "require $package"
1055	and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0	1208	and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0
1056	and eval "require $model") {	1209	and eval "require $model"
		1210	) {
1057	$MODEL = $model;	1211	$MODEL = $model;
1058	warn "AnyEvent: autoprobed model '$model', using it.\n" if $verbose > 1;	1212	warn "AnyEvent: autoloaded model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1059	last;	1213	last;
1060	}	1214	}
1061	}	1215	}
1062		1216
1063	$MODEL	1217	$MODEL
…		…
1079		1233
1080	sub AUTOLOAD {	1234	sub AUTOLOAD {
1081	(my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://;	1235	(my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://;
1082		1236
1083	$method{$func}	1237	$method{$func}
1084	or croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects";	1238	or Carp::croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects";
1085		1239
1086	detect unless $MODEL;	1240	detect unless $MODEL;
1087		1241
1088	my $class = shift;	1242	my $class = shift;
1089	$class->$func (@_);	1243	$class->$func (@_);
…		…
1094	# allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one).	1248	# allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one).
1095	sub _dupfh($$;$$) {	1249	sub _dupfh($$;$$) {
1096	my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_;	1250	my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_;
1097		1251
1098	# cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't	1252	# cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't
1099	my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<")	1253	my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<&") : ($w, ">&");
1100	: $poll eq "w" ? ($w, ">")
1101	: Carp::croak "AnyEvent->io requires poll set to either 'r' or 'w'";
1102		1254
1103	open my $fh2, "$mode&" . fileno $fh	1255	open my $fh2, $mode, $fh
1104	or die "cannot dup() filehandle: $!,";	1256	or die "AnyEvent->io: cannot dup() filehandle in mode '$poll': $!,";
1105		1257
1106	# we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases	1258	# we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases
1107		1259
1108	($fh2, $rw)	1260	($fh2, $rw)
1109	}	1261	}
1110		1262
1111	package AnyEvent::Base;	1263	package AnyEvent::Base;
1112		1264
1113	# default implementations for many methods	1265	# default implementations for many methods
1114		1266
1115	BEGIN {	1267	sub _time {
		1268	# probe for availability of Time::HiRes
1116	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {	1269	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {
		1270	warn "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1117	*_time = \&Time::HiRes::time;	1271	*_time = \&Time::HiRes::time;
1118	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...	1272	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...
1119	} else {	1273	} else {
		1274	warn "AnyEvent: using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!\n" if $VERBOSE;
1120	*_time = sub { time }; # epic fail	1275	*_time = sub { time }; # epic fail
1121	}	1276	}
		1277
		1278	&_time
1122	}	1279	}
1123		1280
1124	sub time { _time }	1281	sub time { _time }
1125	sub now { _time }	1282	sub now { _time }
1126	sub now_update { }	1283	sub now_update { }
…		…
1131	bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"	1288	bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"
1132	}	1289	}
1133		1290
1134	# default implementation for ->signal	1291	# default implementation for ->signal
1135		1292
		1293	our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;
		1294
		1295	sub _have_async_interrupt() {
		1296	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT = 1*(!$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT}
		1297	&& eval "use Async::Interrupt 1.0 (); 1")
		1298	unless defined $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;
		1299
		1300	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1301	}
		1302
1136	our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO);	1303	our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO);
		1304	our (%SIG_ASY, %SIG_ASY_W);
		1305	our ($SIG_COUNT, $SIG_TW);
1137		1306
1138	sub _signal_exec {	1307	sub _signal_exec {
		1308	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1309	? $SIGPIPE_R->drain
1139	sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 4;	1310	: sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 9;
1140		1311
1141	while (%SIG_EV) {	1312	while (%SIG_EV) {
1142	for (keys %SIG_EV) {	1313	for (keys %SIG_EV) {
1143	delete $SIG_EV{$_};	1314	delete $SIG_EV{$_};
1144	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} \|\| {} };	1315	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} \|\| {} };
1145	}	1316	}
1146	}	1317	}
1147	}	1318	}
1148		1319
		1320	# install a dummy wakeup watcher to reduce signal catching latency
		1321	sub _sig_add() {
		1322	unless ($SIG_COUNT++) {
		1323	# try to align timer on a full-second boundary, if possible
		1324	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;
		1325
		1326	$SIG_TW = AnyEvent->timer (
		1327	after => $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY - ($NOW - int $NOW),
		1328	interval => $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY,
		1329	cb => sub { }, # just for the PERL_ASYNC_CHECK
		1330	);
		1331	}
		1332	}
		1333
		1334	sub _sig_del {
		1335	undef $SIG_TW
		1336	unless --$SIG_COUNT;
		1337	}
		1338
		1339	our $_sig_name_init; $_sig_name_init = sub {
		1340	undef $_sig_name_init;
		1341
		1342	if (_have_async_interrupt) {
		1343	*sig2num = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2num;
		1344	*sig2name = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2name;
		1345	} else {
		1346	require Config;
		1347
		1348	my %signame2num;
		1349	@signame2num{ split ' ', $Config::Config{sig_name} }
		1350	= split ' ', $Config::Config{sig_num};
		1351
		1352	my @signum2name;
		1353	@signum2name[values %signame2num] = keys %signame2num;
		1354
		1355	*sig2num = sub($) {
		1356	$_[0] > 0 ? shift : $signame2num{+shift}
		1357	};
		1358	*sig2name = sub ($) {
		1359	$_[0] > 0 ? $signum2name[+shift] : shift
		1360	};
		1361	}
		1362	};
		1363
		1364	sub sig2num ($) { &$_sig_name_init; &sig2num }
		1365	sub sig2name($) { &$_sig_name_init; &sig2name }
		1366
		1367	sub _signal {
		1368	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
		1369
		1370	my $signal = uc $arg{signal}
		1371	or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing";
		1372
		1373	if ($HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT) {
		1374	# async::interrupt
		1375
		1376	$signal = sig2num $signal;
		1377	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
		1378
		1379	$SIG_ASY{$signal} \|\|= new Async::Interrupt
		1380	cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} },
		1381	signal => $signal,
		1382	pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos],
		1383	pipe_autodrain => 0,
		1384	;
		1385
		1386	} else {
		1387	# pure perl
		1388
		1389	# AE::Util has been loaded in signal
		1390	$signal = sig2name $signal;
		1391	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
		1392
		1393	$SIG{$signal} \|\|= sub {
		1394	local $!;
		1395	syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV;
		1396	undef $SIG_EV{$signal};
		1397	};
		1398
		1399	# can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl,
		1400	# so limit the signal latency.
		1401	_sig_add;
		1402	}
		1403
		1404	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"
		1405	}
		1406
1149	sub signal {	1407	sub signal {
1150	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1408	# probe for availability of Async::Interrupt
		1409	if (_have_async_interrupt) {
		1410	warn "AnyEvent: using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1151		1411
1152	unless ($SIGPIPE_R) {	1412	$SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe;
		1413	$SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec);
		1414
		1415	} else {
		1416	warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
		1417
1153	require Fcntl;	1418	require Fcntl;
1154		1419
1155	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {	1420	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {
1156	require AnyEvent::Util;	1421	require AnyEvent::Util;
1157		1422
…		…
1172	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";	1437	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";
1173		1438
1174	$SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec);	1439	$SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec);
1175	}	1440	}
1176		1441
1177	my $signal = uc $arg{signal}	1442	*signal = \&_signal;
1178	or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing";	1443	&signal
1179
1180	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
1181	$SIG{$signal} \|\|= sub {
1182	local $!;
1183	syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV;
1184	undef $SIG_EV{$signal};
1185	};
1186
1187	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"
1188	}	1444	}
1189		1445
1190	sub AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY {	1446	sub AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY {
1191	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};	1447	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
1192		1448
		1449	_sig_del;
		1450
1193	delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};	1451	delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};
1194		1452
		1453	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1454	? delete $SIG_ASY{$signal}
1195	# delete doesn't work with older perls - they then	1455	: # delete doesn't work with older perls - they then
1196	# print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit	1456	# print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit
1197	# instead of getting the default action.	1457	# instead of getting the default action.
		1458	undef $SIG{$signal}
1198	undef $SIG{$signal} unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };	1459	unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };
1199	}	1460	}
1200		1461
1201	# default implementation for ->child	1462	# default implementation for ->child
1202		1463
1203	our %PID_CB;	1464	our %PID_CB;
1204	our $CHLD_W;	1465	our $CHLD_W;
1205	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;	1466	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;
1206	our $WNOHANG;	1467	our $WNOHANG;
1207		1468
		1469	sub _emit_childstatus($$) {
		1470	my (undef, $rpid, $rstatus) = @_;
		1471
		1472	$_->($rpid, $rstatus)
		1473	for values %{ $PID_CB{$rpid} \|\| {} },
		1474	values %{ $PID_CB{0} \|\| {} };
		1475	}
		1476
1208	sub _sigchld {	1477	sub _sigchld {
		1478	my $pid;
		1479
		1480	AnyEvent->_emit_childstatus ($pid, $?)
1209	while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) {	1481	while ($pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG) > 0;
1210	$_->($pid, $?) for (values %{ $PID_CB{$pid} \|\| {} }),
1211	(values %{ $PID_CB{0} \|\| {} });
1212	}
1213	}	1482	}
1214		1483
1215	sub child {	1484	sub child {
1216	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1485	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
1217		1486
1218	defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0)	1487	defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0)
1219	or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing";	1488	or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing";
1220		1489
1221	$PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};	1490	$PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
1222		1491
		1492	# WNOHANG is almost cetrainly 1 everywhere
		1493	$WNOHANG \|\|= $^O =~ /^(?:openbsd\|netbsd\|linux\|freebsd\|cygwin\|MSWin32)$/
		1494	? 1
1223	$WNOHANG \|\|= eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } \|\| 1;	1495	: eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } \|\| 1;
1224		1496
1225	unless ($CHLD_W) {	1497	unless ($CHLD_W) {
1226	$CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld);	1498	$CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld);
1227	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round	1499	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round
1228	&_sigchld;	1500	&_sigchld;
…		…
1280		1552
1281	our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::;	1553	our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::;
1282		1554
1283	package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base;	1555	package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base;
1284		1556
1285	use overload	1557	#use overload
1286	'&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } },	1558	# '&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } },
1287	fallback => 1;	1559	# fallback => 1;
		1560
		1561	# save 300+ kilobytes by dirtily hardcoding overloading
		1562	${"AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::OVERLOAD"}{dummy}++; # Register with magic by touching.
		1563	*{'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::()'} = sub { }; # "Make it findable via fetchmethod."
		1564	*{'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::(&{}'} = sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } }; # &{}
		1565	${'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::()'} = 1; # fallback
		1566
		1567	our $WAITING;
1288		1568
1289	sub _send {	1569	sub _send {
1290	# nop	1570	# nop
1291	}	1571	}
1292		1572
…		…
1305	sub ready {	1585	sub ready {
1306	$_[0]{_ae_sent}	1586	$_[0]{_ae_sent}
1307	}	1587	}
1308		1588
1309	sub _wait {	1589	sub _wait {
		1590	$WAITING
		1591	and !$_[0]{_ae_sent}
		1592	and Carp::croak "AnyEvent::CondVar: recursive blocking wait detected";
		1593
		1594	local $WAITING = 1;
1310	AnyEvent->one_event while !$_[0]{_ae_sent};	1595	AnyEvent->one_event while !$_[0]{_ae_sent};
1311	}	1596	}
1312		1597
1313	sub recv {	1598	sub recv {
1314	$_[0]->_wait;	1599	$_[0]->_wait;
…		…
1376	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>.	1661	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>.
1377		1662
1378	When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event	1663	When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event
1379	model it chooses.	1664	model it chooses.
1380		1665
		1666	When set to C<8> or higher, then AnyEvent will report extra information on
		1667	which optional modules it loads and how it implements certain features.
		1668
1381	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT>	1669	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT>
1382		1670
1383	AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough	1671	AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough
1384	argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value	1672	argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value
1385	will cause AnyEvent to load C<AnyEvent::Strict> and then to thoroughly	1673	will cause AnyEvent to load C<AnyEvent::Strict> and then to thoroughly
1386	check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems,	1674	check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems,
1387	it will croak.	1675	it will croak.
1388		1676
1389	In other words, enables "strict" mode.	1677	In other words, enables "strict" mode.
1390		1678
1391	Unlike C<use strict>, it is definitely recommended to keep it off in	1679	Unlike C<use strict> (or it's modern cousin, C<< use L<common::sense>
1392	production. Keeping C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while	1680	>>, it is definitely recommended to keep it off in production. Keeping
1393	developing programs can be very useful, however.	1681	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while developing programs
		1682	can be very useful, however.
1394		1683
1395	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>	1684	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>
1396		1685
1397	This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before	1686	This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before
1398	auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting	1687	auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting
…		…
1441		1730
1442	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS>	1731	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS>
1443		1732
1444	The maximum number of child processes that C<AnyEvent::Util::fork_call>	1733	The maximum number of child processes that C<AnyEvent::Util::fork_call>
1445	will create in parallel.	1734	will create in parallel.
		1735
		1736	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_OUTSTANDING_DNS>
		1737
		1738	The default value for the C<max_outstanding> parameter for the default DNS
		1739	resolver - this is the maximum number of parallel DNS requests that are
		1740	sent to the DNS server.
		1741
		1742	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_RESOLV_CONF>
		1743
		1744	The file to use instead of F</etc/resolv.conf> (or OS-specific
		1745	configuration) in the default resolver. When set to the empty string, no
		1746	default config will be used.
		1747
		1748	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_FILE>, C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_PATH>.
		1749
		1750	When neither C<ca_file> nor C<ca_path> was specified during
		1751	L<AnyEvent::TLS> context creation, and either of these environment
		1752	variables exist, they will be used to specify CA certificate locations
		1753	instead of a system-dependent default.
		1754
		1755	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_GUARD> and C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT>
		1756
		1757	When these are set to C<1>, then the respective modules are not
		1758	loaded. Mostly good for testing AnyEvent itself.
1446		1759
1447	=back	1760	=back
1448		1761
1449	=head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE	1762	=head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE
1450		1763
…		…
1695	EV/Any 100000 224 2.88 0.34 0.27 EV + AnyEvent watchers	2008	EV/Any 100000 224 2.88 0.34 0.27 EV + AnyEvent watchers
1696	CoroEV/Any 100000 224 2.85 0.35 0.28 coroutines + Coro::Signal	2009	CoroEV/Any 100000 224 2.85 0.35 0.28 coroutines + Coro::Signal
1697	Perl/Any 100000 452 4.13 0.73 0.95 pure perl implementation	2010	Perl/Any 100000 452 4.13 0.73 0.95 pure perl implementation
1698	Event/Event 16000 517 32.20 31.80 0.81 Event native interface	2011	Event/Event 16000 517 32.20 31.80 0.81 Event native interface
1699	Event/Any 16000 590 35.85 31.55 1.06 Event + AnyEvent watchers	2012	Event/Any 16000 590 35.85 31.55 1.06 Event + AnyEvent watchers
		2013	IOAsync/Any 16000 989 38.10 32.77 11.13 via IO::Async::Loop::IO_Poll
		2014	IOAsync/Any 16000 990 37.59 29.50 10.61 via IO::Async::Loop::Epoll
1700	Glib/Any 16000 1357 102.33 12.31 51.00 quadratic behaviour	2015	Glib/Any 16000 1357 102.33 12.31 51.00 quadratic behaviour
1701	Tk/Any 2000 1860 27.20 66.31 14.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers	2016	Tk/Any 2000 1860 27.20 66.31 14.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers
1702	POE/Event 2000 6328 109.99 751.67 14.02 via POE::Loop::Event	2017	POE/Event 2000 6328 109.99 751.67 14.02 via POE::Loop::Event
1703	POE/Select 2000 6027 94.54 809.13 579.80 via POE::Loop::Select	2018	POE/Select 2000 6027 94.54 809.13 579.80 via POE::Loop::Select
1704		2019
…		…
1733	performance becomes really bad with lots of file descriptors (and few of	2048	performance becomes really bad with lots of file descriptors (and few of
1734	them active), of course, but this was not subject of this benchmark.	2049	them active), of course, but this was not subject of this benchmark.
1735		2050
1736	The C<Event> module has a relatively high setup and callback invocation	2051	The C<Event> module has a relatively high setup and callback invocation
1737	cost, but overall scores in on the third place.	2052	cost, but overall scores in on the third place.
		2053
		2054	C<IO::Async> performs admirably well, about on par with C<Event>, even
		2055	when using its pure perl backend.
1738		2056
1739	C<Glib>'s memory usage is quite a bit higher, but it features a	2057	C<Glib>'s memory usage is quite a bit higher, but it features a
1740	faster callback invocation and overall ends up in the same class as	2058	faster callback invocation and overall ends up in the same class as
1741	C<Event>. However, Glib scales extremely badly, doubling the number of	2059	C<Event>. However, Glib scales extremely badly, doubling the number of
1742	watchers increases the processing time by more than a factor of four,	2060	watchers increases the processing time by more than a factor of four,
…		…
1820	it to another server. This includes deleting the old timeout and creating	2138	it to another server. This includes deleting the old timeout and creating
1821	a new one that moves the timeout into the future.	2139	a new one that moves the timeout into the future.
1822		2140
1823	=head3 Results	2141	=head3 Results
1824		2142
1825	name sockets create request	2143	name sockets create request
1826	EV 20000 69.01 11.16	2144	EV 20000 69.01 11.16
1827	Perl 20000 73.32 35.87	2145	Perl 20000 73.32 35.87
		2146	IOAsync 20000 157.00 98.14 epoll
		2147	IOAsync 20000 159.31 616.06 poll
1828	Event 20000 212.62 257.32	2148	Event 20000 212.62 257.32
1829	Glib 20000 651.16 1896.30	2149	Glib 20000 651.16 1896.30
1830	POE 20000 349.67 12317.24 uses POE::Loop::Event	2150	POE 20000 349.67 12317.24 uses POE::Loop::Event
1831		2151
1832	=head3 Discussion	2152	=head3 Discussion
1833		2153
1834	This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the	2154	This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the
1835	particular event loop.	2155	particular event loop.
…		…
1837	EV is again fastest. Since it is using epoll on my system, the setup time	2157	EV is again fastest. Since it is using epoll on my system, the setup time
1838	is relatively high, though.	2158	is relatively high, though.
1839		2159
1840	Perl surprisingly comes second. It is much faster than the C-based event	2160	Perl surprisingly comes second. It is much faster than the C-based event
1841	loops Event and Glib.	2161	loops Event and Glib.
		2162
		2163	IO::Async performs very well when using its epoll backend, and still quite
		2164	good compared to Glib when using its pure perl backend.
1842		2165
1843	Event suffers from high setup time as well (look at its code and you will	2166	Event suffers from high setup time as well (look at its code and you will
1844	understand why). Callback invocation also has a high overhead compared to	2167	understand why). Callback invocation also has a high overhead compared to
1845	the C<< $_->() for .. >>-style loop that the Perl event loop uses. Event	2168	the C<< $_->() for .. >>-style loop that the Perl event loop uses. Event
1846	uses select or poll in basically all documented configurations.	2169	uses select or poll in basically all documented configurations.
…		…
1979		2302
1980	A handler for C<SIGCHLD> is installed by AnyEvent's child watcher	2303	A handler for C<SIGCHLD> is installed by AnyEvent's child watcher
1981	emulation for event loops that do not support them natively. Also, some	2304	emulation for event loops that do not support them natively. Also, some
1982	event loops install a similar handler.	2305	event loops install a similar handler.
1983		2306
1984	If, when AnyEvent is loaded, SIGCHLD is set to IGNORE, then AnyEvent will	2307	Additionally, when AnyEvent is loaded and SIGCHLD is set to IGNORE, then
1985	reset it to default, to avoid losing child exit statuses.	2308	AnyEvent will reset it to default, to avoid losing child exit statuses.
1986		2309
1987	=item SIGPIPE	2310	=item SIGPIPE
1988		2311
1989	A no-op handler is installed for C<SIGPIPE> when C<$SIG{PIPE}> is C<undef>	2312	A no-op handler is installed for C<SIGPIPE> when C<$SIG{PIPE}> is C<undef>
1990	when AnyEvent gets loaded.	2313	when AnyEvent gets loaded.
…		…
2008	if $SIG{CHLD} eq 'IGNORE';	2331	if $SIG{CHLD} eq 'IGNORE';
2009		2332
2010	$SIG{PIPE} = sub { }	2333	$SIG{PIPE} = sub { }
2011	unless defined $SIG{PIPE};	2334	unless defined $SIG{PIPE};
2012		2335
		2336	=head1 RECOMMENDED/OPTIONAL MODULES
		2337
		2338	One of AnyEvent's main goals is to be 100% Pure-Perl(tm): only perl (and
		2339	it's built-in modules) are required to use it.
		2340
		2341	That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional
		2342	modules if they are installed.
		2343
		2344	This section epxlains which additional modules will be used, and how they
		2345	affect AnyEvent's operetion.
		2346
		2347	=over 4
		2348
		2349	=item L<Async::Interrupt>
		2350
		2351	This slightly arcane module is used to implement fast signal handling: To
		2352	my knowledge, there is no way to do completely race-free and quick
		2353	signal handling in pure perl. To ensure that signals still get
		2354	delivered, AnyEvent will start an interval timer to wake up perl (and
		2355	catch the signals) with some delay (default is 10 seconds, look for
		2356	C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>).
		2357
		2358	If this module is available, then it will be used to implement signal
		2359	catching, which means that signals will not be delayed, and the event loop
		2360	will not be interrupted regularly, which is more efficient (And good for
		2361	battery life on laptops).
		2362
		2363	This affects not just the pure-perl event loop, but also other event loops
		2364	that have no signal handling on their own (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt).
		2365
		2366	Some event loops (POE, Event, Event::Lib) offer signal watchers natively,
		2367	and either employ their own workarounds (POE) or use AnyEvent's workaround
		2368	(using C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>). Installing L<Async::Interrupt>
		2369	does nothing for those backends.
		2370
		2371	=item L<EV>
		2372
		2373	This module isn't really "optional", as it is simply one of the backend
		2374	event loops that AnyEvent can use. However, it is simply the best event
		2375	loop available in terms of features, speed and stability: It supports
		2376	the AnyEvent API optimally, implements all the watcher types in XS, does
		2377	automatic timer adjustments even when no monotonic clock is available,
		2378	can take avdantage of advanced kernel interfaces such as C<epoll> and
		2379	C<kqueue>, and is the fastest backend I<by far>. You can even embed
		2380	L<Glib>/L<Gtk2> in it (or vice versa, see L<EV::Glib> and L<Glib::EV>).
		2381
		2382	=item L<Guard>
		2383
		2384	The guard module, when used, will be used to implement
		2385	C<AnyEvent::Util::guard>. This speeds up guards considerably (and uses a
		2386	lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is
		2387	purely used for performance.
		2388
		2389	=item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS>
		2390
		2391	This module is required when you want to read or write JSON data via
		2392	L<AnyEvent::Handle>. It is also written in pure-perl, but can take
		2393	advantage of the ultra-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed.
		2394
		2395	In fact, L<AnyEvent::Handle> will use L<JSON::XS> by default if it is
		2396	installed.
		2397
		2398	=item L<Net::SSLeay>
		2399
		2400	Implementing TLS/SSL in Perl is certainly interesting, but not very
		2401	worthwhile: If this module is installed, then L<AnyEvent::Handle> (with
		2402	the help of L<AnyEvent::TLS>), gains the ability to do TLS/SSL.
		2403
		2404	=item L<Time::HiRes>
		2405
		2406	This module is part of perl since release 5.008. It will be used when the
		2407	chosen event library does not come with a timing source on it's own. The
		2408	pure-perl event loop (L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) will additionally use it to
		2409	try to use a monotonic clock for timing stability.
		2410
		2411	=back
		2412
		2413
2013	=head1 FORK	2414	=head1 FORK
2014		2415
2015	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are	2416	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are
2016	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll>	2417	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll>
2017	calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware.	2418	calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware.
2018		2419
2019	If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first	2420	If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first
2020	watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child.	2421	watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child OR you must do
		2422	something completely out of the scope of AnyEvent.
2021		2423
2022		2424
2023	=head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS	2425	=head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
2024		2426
2025	AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via	2427	AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via
…		…
2063	L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>.	2465	L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>.
2064		2466
2065	Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>,	2467	Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>,
2066	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>,	2468	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>,
2067	L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>,	2469	L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>,
2068	L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>.	2470	L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>, L<Anyevent::Impl::Irssi>.
2069		2471
2070	Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and	2472	Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and
2071	servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>.	2473	servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>.
2072		2474
2073	Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>.	2475	Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>.
2074		2476
2075	Coroutine support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>, L<Coro::Event>,	2477	Coroutine support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>,
		2478	L<Coro::Event>,
2076		2479
2077	Nontrivial usage examples: L<Net::FCP>, L<Net::XMPP2>, L<AnyEvent::DNS>.	2480	Nontrivial usage examples: L<AnyEvent::GPSD>, L<AnyEvent::XMPP>,
		2481	L<AnyEvent::HTTP>.
2078		2482
2079		2483
2080	=head1 AUTHOR	2484	=head1 AUTHOR
2081		2485
2082	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>	2486	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>

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Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents): Revision 1.219 by root, Thu Jun 25 11:16:08 2009 UTC vs. Revision 1.264 by root, Wed Jul 29 12:42:09 2009 UTC

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Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.219 by root, Thu Jun 25 11:16:08 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.264 by root, Wed Jul 29 12:42:09 2009 UTC