[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm

Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.223 by root, Mon Jun 29 21:00:32 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.274 by root, Sun Aug 9 00:20:35 2009 UTC

…		…
1	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
2		2
3	AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops	3	AnyEvent - the DBI of event loop programming
4		4
5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt and POE are various supported	5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Irssi, rxvt-unicode, IO::Async, Qt
6	event loops.	6	and POE are various supported event loops/environments.
7		7
8	=head1 SYNOPSIS	8	=head1 SYNOPSIS
9		9
10	use AnyEvent;	10	use AnyEvent;
11		11
40	=head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL	40	=head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL
41		41
42	This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested	42	This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested
43	in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the	43	in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the
44	L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage.	44	L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage.
		45
		46	=head1 SUPPORT
		47
		48	There is a mailinglist for discussing all things AnyEvent, and an IRC
		49	channel, too.
		50
		51	See the AnyEvent project page at the B<Schmorpforge Ta-Sa Software
		52	Repository>, at L<http://anyevent.schmorp.de>, for more info.
45		53
46	=head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT)	54	=head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT)
47		55
48	Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen	56	Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen
49	nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent?	57	nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent?
…		…
173	my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are	181	my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are
174	declared.	182	declared.
175		183
176	=head2 I/O WATCHERS	184	=head2 I/O WATCHERS
177		185
		186	$w = AnyEvent->io (
		187	fh => <filehandle_or_fileno>,
		188	poll => <"r" or "w">,
		189	cb => <callback>,
		190	);
		191
178	You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method	192	You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method
179	with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:	193	with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:
180		194
181	C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (I<not> file descriptor) to watch	195	C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch
182	for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file	196	for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file
183	handle). Note that only file handles pointing to things for which	197	handle). Note that only file handles pointing to things for which
184	non-blocking operation makes sense are allowed. This includes sockets,	198	non-blocking operation makes sense are allowed. This includes sockets,
185	most character devices, pipes, fifos and so on, but not for example files	199	most character devices, pipes, fifos and so on, but not for example files
186	or block devices.	200	or block devices.
…		…
211	undef $w;	225	undef $w;
212	});	226	});
213		227
214	=head2 TIME WATCHERS	228	=head2 TIME WATCHERS
215		229
		230	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => <seconds>, cb => <callback>);
		231
		232	$w = AnyEvent->timer (
		233	after => <fractional_seconds>,
		234	interval => <fractional_seconds>,
		235	cb => <callback>,
		236	);
		237
216	You can create a time watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->timer >>	238	You can create a time watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->timer >>
217	method with the following mandatory arguments:	239	method with the following mandatory arguments:
218		240
219	C<after> specifies after how many seconds (fractional values are	241	C<after> specifies after how many seconds (fractional values are
220	supported) the callback should be invoked. C<cb> is the callback to invoke	242	supported) the callback should be invoked. C<cb> is the callback to invoke
…		…
347		369
348	=back	370	=back
349		371
350	=head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS	372	=head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS
351		373
		374	$w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => <uppercase_signal_name>, cb => <callback>);
		375
352	You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal	376	You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal
353	I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl	377	I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl
354	callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs.	378	callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs.
355		379
356	Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and	380	Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and
…		…
361	invocation, and callback invocation will be synchronous. Synchronous means	385	invocation, and callback invocation will be synchronous. Synchronous means
362	that it might take a while until the signal gets handled by the process,	386	that it might take a while until the signal gets handled by the process,
363	but it is guaranteed not to interrupt any other callbacks.	387	but it is guaranteed not to interrupt any other callbacks.
364		388
365	The main advantage of using these watchers is that you can share a signal	389	The main advantage of using these watchers is that you can share a signal
366	between multiple watchers.	390	between multiple watchers, and AnyEvent will ensure that signals will not
		391	interrupt your program at bad times.
367		392
368	This watcher might use C<%SIG>, so programs overwriting those signals	393	This watcher might use C<%SIG> (depending on the event loop used),
369	directly will likely not work correctly.	394	so programs overwriting those signals directly will likely not work
		395	correctly.
370		396
371	Example: exit on SIGINT	397	Example: exit on SIGINT
372		398
373	my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 });	399	my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 });
374		400
		401	=head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds
		402
		403	Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support attaching
		404	callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot
		405	do race-free signal handling in perl, requiring C libraries for
		406	this. AnyEvent will try to do it's best, which means in some cases,
		407	signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might be delayed is
		408	specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10 seconds). This
		409	variable can be changed only before the first signal watcher is created,
		410	and should be left alone otherwise. This variable determines how often
		411	AnyEvent polls for signals (in case a wake-up was missed). Higher values
		412	will cause fewer spurious wake-ups, which is better for power and CPU
		413	saving.
		414
		415	All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional
		416	L<Async::Interrupt> module, which works with most event loops. It will not
		417	work with inherently broken event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib>
		418	(and not with L<POE> currently, as POE does it's own workaround with
		419	one-second latency). For those, you just have to suffer the delays.
		420
375	=head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS	421	=head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS
376		422
		423	$w = AnyEvent->child (pid => <process id>, cb => <callback>);
		424
377	You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status.	425	You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status.
378		426
379	The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (if set to C<0>, it	427	The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (one some backends,
380	watches for any child process exit). The watcher will triggered only when	428	using C<0> watches for any child process exit, on others this will
381	the child process has finished and an exit status is available, not on	429	croak). The watcher will be triggered only when the child process has
382	any trace events (stopped/continued).	430	finished and an exit status is available, not on any trace events
		431	(stopped/continued).
383		432
384	The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by	433	The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by
385	waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher	434	waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher
386	callback arguments.	435	callback arguments.
387		436
…		…
403		452
404	This means you cannot create a child watcher as the very first	453	This means you cannot create a child watcher as the very first
405	thing in an AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one	454	thing in an AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one
406	watcher before you C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call	455	watcher before you C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call
407	C<AnyEvent::detect>).	456	C<AnyEvent::detect>).
		457
		458	As most event loops do not support waiting for child events, they will be
		459	emulated by AnyEvent in most cases, in which the latency and race problems
		460	mentioned in the description of signal watchers apply.
408		461
409	Example: fork a process and wait for it	462	Example: fork a process and wait for it
410		463
411	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;	464	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;
412		465
…		…
424	# do something else, then wait for process exit	477	# do something else, then wait for process exit
425	$done->recv;	478	$done->recv;
426		479
427	=head2 IDLE WATCHERS	480	=head2 IDLE WATCHERS
428		481
		482	$w = AnyEvent->idle (cb => <callback>);
		483
429	Sometimes there is a need to do something, but it is not so important	484	Sometimes there is a need to do something, but it is not so important
430	to do it instantly, but only when there is nothing better to do. This	485	to do it instantly, but only when there is nothing better to do. This
431	"nothing better to do" is usually defined to be "no other events need	486	"nothing better to do" is usually defined to be "no other events need
432	attention by the event loop".	487	attention by the event loop".
433		488
…		…
459	});	514	});
460	});	515	});
461		516
462	=head2 CONDITION VARIABLES	517	=head2 CONDITION VARIABLES
463		518
		519	$cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
		520
		521	$cv->send (<list>);
		522	my @res = $cv->recv;
		523
464	If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them	524	If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them
465	require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that	525	require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that
466	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.	526	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.
467		527
468	AnyEvent is different, it expects somebody else to run the event loop and	528	AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event
469	will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user).	529	loop and will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user).
470		530
471	The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called	531	The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called
472	because they represent a condition that must become true.	532	because they represent a condition that must become true.
473		533
		534	Now is probably a good time to look at the examples further below.
		535
474	Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar	536	Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar
475	>> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is	537	>> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is
476
477	C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable	538	C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable
478	becomes true, with the condition variable as the first argument (but not	539	becomes true, with the condition variable as the first argument (but not
479	the results).	540	the results).
480		541
481	After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true"	542	After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true"
…		…
486	Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can	547	Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can
487	optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points	548	optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points
488	in time where multiple outstanding events have been processed. And yet	549	in time where multiple outstanding events have been processed. And yet
489	another way to call them is transactions - each condition variable can be	550	another way to call them is transactions - each condition variable can be
490	used to represent a transaction, which finishes at some point and delivers	551	used to represent a transaction, which finishes at some point and delivers
491	a result.	552	a result. And yet some people know them as "futures" - a promise to
		553	compute/deliver something that you can wait for.
492		554
493	Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished,	555	Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished,
494	for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests,	556	for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests,
495	then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the	557	then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the
496	availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is	558	availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is
…		…
530	after => 1,	592	after => 1,
531	cb => sub { $result_ready->send },	593	cb => sub { $result_ready->send },
532	);	594	);
533		595
534	# this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback	596	# this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback
535	# calls send	597	# calls -<send
536	$result_ready->recv;	598	$result_ready->recv;
537		599
538	Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that	600	Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition
539	condition variables are also code references.	601	variables are also callable directly.
540		602
541	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;	603	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;
542	my $delay = AnyEvent->timer (after => 5, cb => $done);	604	my $delay = AnyEvent->timer (after => 5, cb => $done);
543	$done->recv;	605	$done->recv;
544		606
…		…
550		612
551	...	613	...
552		614
553	my @info = $couchdb->info->recv;	615	my @info = $couchdb->info->recv;
554		616
555	And this is how you would just ste a callback to be called whenever the	617	And this is how you would just set a callback to be called whenever the
556	results are available:	618	results are available:
557		619
558	$couchdb->info->cb (sub {	620	$couchdb->info->cb (sub {
559	my @info = $_[0]->recv;	621	my @info = $_[0]->recv;
560	});	622	});
…		…
578	immediately from within send.	640	immediately from within send.
579		641
580	Any arguments passed to the C<send> call will be returned by all	642	Any arguments passed to the C<send> call will be returned by all
581	future C<< ->recv >> calls.	643	future C<< ->recv >> calls.
582		644
583	Condition variables are overloaded so one can call them directly	645	Condition variables are overloaded so one can call them directly (as if
584	(as a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling	646	they were a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling
585	C<send>. Note, however, that many C-based event loops do not handle	647	C<send>.
586	overloading, so as tempting as it may be, passing a condition variable
587	instead of a callback does not work. Both the pure perl and EV loops
588	support overloading, however, as well as all functions that use perl to
589	invoke a callback (as in L<AnyEvent::Socket> and L<AnyEvent::DNS> for
590	example).
591		648
592	=item $cv->croak ($error)	649	=item $cv->croak ($error)
593		650
594	Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke	651	Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke
595	C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar.	652	C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar.
596		653
597	This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable	654	This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable
598	user/consumer.	655	user/consumer. Doing it this way instead of calling C<croak> directly
		656	delays the error detetcion, but has the overwhelmign advantage that it
		657	diagnoses the error at the place where the result is expected, and not
		658	deep in some event clalback without connection to the actual code causing
		659	the problem.
599		660
600	=item $cv->begin ([group callback])	661	=item $cv->begin ([group callback])
601		662
602	=item $cv->end	663	=item $cv->end
603		664
…		…
699	function will call C<croak>.	760	function will call C<croak>.
700		761
701	In list context, all parameters passed to C<send> will be returned,	762	In list context, all parameters passed to C<send> will be returned,
702	in scalar context only the first one will be returned.	763	in scalar context only the first one will be returned.
703		764
		765	Note that doing a blocking wait in a callback is not supported by any
		766	event loop, that is, recursive invocation of a blocking C<< ->recv
		767	>> is not allowed, and the C<recv> call will C<croak> if such a
		768	condition is detected. This condition can be slightly loosened by using
		769	L<Coro::AnyEvent>, which allows you to do a blocking C<< ->recv >> from
		770	any thread that doesn't run the event loop itself.
		771
704	Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case	772	Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case
705	(programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are	773	(programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are
706	using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>, but let the	774	using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>. Instead, let the
707	caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling	775	caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling
708	condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting	776	condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting
709	callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block,	777	callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block,
710	while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires).	778	while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires).
711		779
712	Another reason I<never> to C<< ->recv >> in a module is that you cannot
713	sensibly have two C<< ->recv >>'s in parallel, as that would require
714	multiple interpreters or coroutines/threads, none of which C<AnyEvent>
715	can supply.
716
717	The L<Coro> module, however, I<can> and I<does> supply coroutines and, in
718	fact, L<Coro::AnyEvent> replaces AnyEvent's condvars by coroutine-safe
719	versions and also integrates coroutines into AnyEvent, making blocking
720	C<< ->recv >> calls perfectly safe as long as they are done from another
721	coroutine (one that doesn't run the event loop).
722
723	You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and	780	You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and
724	only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later	781	only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later
725	time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking	782	time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking
726	waits otherwise.	783	waits otherwise.
727		784
…		…
733	=item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv))	790	=item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv))
734		791
735	This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally	792	This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally
736	replaces it before doing so.	793	replaces it before doing so.
737		794
738	The callback will be called when the condition becomes "true", i.e. when	795	The callback will be called when the condition becomes (or already was)
739	C<send> or C<croak> are called, with the only argument being the condition	796	"true", i.e. when C<send> or C<croak> are called (or were called), with
740	variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time	797	the only argument being the condition variable itself. Calling C<recv>
741	is guaranteed not to block.	798	inside the callback or at any later time is guaranteed not to block.
742		799
743	=back	800	=back
744		801
		802	=head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS
		803
		804	The available backend classes are (every class has its own manpage):
		805
		806	=over 4
		807
		808	=item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found.
		809
		810	EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in
		811	use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will try Event, and, failing
		812	that, will fall back to its own pure-perl implementation, which is
		813	available everywhere as it comes with AnyEvent itself.
		814
		815	AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice).
		816	AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches.
		817	AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable.
		818
		819	=item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used.
		820
		821	These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher
		822	is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using
		823	them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend
		824	when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to
		825	create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program.
		826
		827	AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable.
		828	AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken.
		829	AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.
		830	AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations.
		831	AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi used when running within irssi.
		832
		833	=item Backends with special needs.
		834
		835	Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will
		836	otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program
		837	instantiates the application before any AnyEvent watchers are created,
		838	everything should just work.
		839
		840	AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt.
		841
		842	Support for IO::Async can only be partial, as it is too broken and
		843	architecturally limited to even support the AnyEvent API. It also
		844	is the only event loop that needs the loop to be set explicitly, so
		845	it can only be used by a main program knowing about AnyEvent. See
		846	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Async> for the gory details.
		847
		848	AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync based on IO::Async, cannot be autoprobed.
		849
		850	=item Event loops that are indirectly supported via other backends.
		851
		852	Some event loops can be supported via other modules:
		853
		854	There is no direct support for WxWidgets (L<Wx>) or L<Prima>.
		855
		856	B<WxWidgets> has no support for watching file handles. However, you can
		857	use WxWidgets through the POE adaptor, as POE has a Wx backend that simply
		858	polls 20 times per second, which was considered to be too horrible to even
		859	consider for AnyEvent.
		860
		861	B<Prima> is not supported as nobody seems to be using it, but it has a POE
		862	backend, so it can be supported through POE.
		863
		864	AnyEvent knows about both L<Prima> and L<Wx>, however, and will try to
		865	load L<POE> when detecting them, in the hope that POE will pick them up,
		866	in which case everything will be automatic.
		867
		868	=back
		869
745	=head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS	870	=head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS
746		871
		872	These are not normally required to use AnyEvent, but can be useful to
		873	write AnyEvent extension modules.
		874
747	=over 4	875	=over 4
748		876
749	=item $AnyEvent::MODEL	877	=item $AnyEvent::MODEL
750		878
751	Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created. Then it	879	Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created, before the
		880	backend has been autodetected.
		881
752	contains the event model that is being used, which is the name of the	882	Afterwards it contains the event model that is being used, which is the
753	Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one of the	883	name of the Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one
754	C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the case	884	of the C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the
755	AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode>).	885	case AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode> it
756		886	will be C<urxvt::anyevent>).
757	The known classes so far are:
758
759	AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (an interface to libev, best choice).
760	AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, second best choice.
761	AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable.
762	AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, third-best choice.
763	AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very bad choice.
764	AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt, cannot be autoprobed (see its docs).
765	AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.
766	AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, not generic enough for full support.
767
768	# warning, support for IO::Async is only partial, as it is too broken
769	# and limited toe ven support the AnyEvent API. See AnyEvent::Impl::Async.
770	AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync based on IO::Async, cannot be autoprobed (see its docs).
771
772	There is no support for WxWidgets, as WxWidgets has no support for
773	watching file handles. However, you can use WxWidgets through the
774	POE Adaptor, as POE has a Wx backend that simply polls 20 times per
775	second, which was considered to be too horrible to even consider for
776	AnyEvent. Likewise, other POE backends can be used by AnyEvent by using
777	it's adaptor.
778
779	AnyEvent knows about L<Prima> and L<Wx> and will try to use L<POE> when
780	autodetecting them.
781		887
782	=item AnyEvent::detect	888	=item AnyEvent::detect
783		889
784	Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model	890	Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model
785	if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would	891	if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would
786	have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at	892	have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at
787	runtime.	893	runtime, and not e.g. while initialising of your module.
		894
		895	If you need to do some initialisation before AnyEvent watchers are
		896	created, use C<post_detect>.
788		897
789	=item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }	898	=item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }
790		899
791	Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is	900	Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is
792	autodetected (or immediately if this has already happened).	901	autodetected (or immediately if this has already happened).
793		902
		903	The block will be executed I<after> the actual backend has been detected
		904	(C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> is set), but I<before> any watchers have been
		905	created, so it is possible to e.g. patch C<@AnyEvent::ISA> or do
		906	other initialisations - see the sources of L<AnyEvent::Strict> or
		907	L<AnyEvent::AIO> to see how this is used.
		908
		909	The most common usage is to create some global watchers, without forcing
		910	event module detection too early, for example, L<AnyEvent::AIO> creates
		911	and installs the global L<IO::AIO> watcher in a C<post_detect> block to
		912	avoid autodetecting the event module at load time.
		913
794	If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object	914	If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object
795	that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed. See	915	that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed (or
		916	C<undef> when the hook was immediately executed). See L<AnyEvent::AIO> for
796	L<Coro::BDB> for a case where this is useful.	917	a case where this is useful.
		918
		919	Example: Create a watcher for the IO::AIO module and store it in
		920	C<$WATCHER>. Only do so after the event loop is initialised, though.
		921
		922	our WATCHER;
		923
		924	my $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect {
		925	$WATCHER = AnyEvent->io (fh => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, poll => 'r', cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		926	};
		927
		928	# the \|\|= is important in case post_detect immediately runs the block,
		929	# as to not clobber the newly-created watcher. assigning both watcher and
		930	# post_detect guard to the same variable has the advantage of users being
		931	# able to just C<undef $WATCHER> if the watcher causes them grief.
		932
		933	$WATCHER \|\|= $guard;
797		934
798	=item @AnyEvent::post_detect	935	=item @AnyEvent::post_detect
799		936
800	If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it	937	If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it
801	before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after	938	before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after
802	the event loop has been chosen.	939	the event loop has been chosen.
803		940
804	You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though:	941	You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though:
805	if it contains a true value then the event loop has already been detected,	942	if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the
806	and the array will be ignored.	943	array will be ignored.
807		944
808	Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> instead.	945	Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> when your application allows
		946	it,as it takes care of these details.
		947
		948	This variable is mainly useful for modules that can do something useful
		949	when AnyEvent is used and thus want to know when it is initialised, but do
		950	not need to even load it by default. This array provides the means to hook
		951	into AnyEvent passively, without loading it.
809		952
810	=back	953	=back
811		954
812	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE	955	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE
813		956
…		…
868		1011
869		1012
870	=head1 OTHER MODULES	1013	=head1 OTHER MODULES
871		1014
872	The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use	1015	The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use
873	AnyEvent and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent modules	1016	AnyEvent as a client and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent
874	in the same program. Some of the modules come with AnyEvent, some are	1017	modules and other event loops in the same program. Some of the modules
875	available via CPAN.	1018	come with AnyEvent, most are available via CPAN.
876		1019
877	=over 4	1020	=over 4
878		1021
879	=item L<AnyEvent::Util>	1022	=item L<AnyEvent::Util>
880		1023
…		…
889		1032
890	=item L<AnyEvent::Handle>	1033	=item L<AnyEvent::Handle>
891		1034
892	Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes,	1035	Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes,
893	supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and	1036	supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and
894	non-blocking SSL/TLS.	1037	non-blocking SSL/TLS (via L<AnyEvent::TLS>.
895		1038
896	=item L<AnyEvent::DNS>	1039	=item L<AnyEvent::DNS>
897		1040
898	Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities.	1041	Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities.
899		1042
…		…
927		1070
928	=item L<AnyEvent::GPSD>	1071	=item L<AnyEvent::GPSD>
929		1072
930	A non-blocking interface to gpsd, a daemon delivering GPS information.	1073	A non-blocking interface to gpsd, a daemon delivering GPS information.
931		1074
		1075	=item L<AnyEvent::IRC>
		1076
		1077	AnyEvent based IRC client module family (replacing the older Net::IRC3).
		1078
		1079	=item L<AnyEvent::XMPP>
		1080
		1081	AnyEvent based XMPP (Jabber protocol) module family (replacing the older
		1082	Net::XMPP2>.
		1083
932	=item L<AnyEvent::IGS>	1084	=item L<AnyEvent::IGS>
933		1085
934	A non-blocking interface to the Internet Go Server protocol (used by	1086	A non-blocking interface to the Internet Go Server protocol (used by
935	L<App::IGS>).	1087	L<App::IGS>).
936		1088
937	=item L<AnyEvent::IRC>
938
939	AnyEvent based IRC client module family (replacing the older Net::IRC3).
940
941	=item L<Net::XMPP2>
942
943	AnyEvent based XMPP (Jabber protocol) module family.
944
945	=item L<Net::FCP>	1089	=item L<Net::FCP>
946		1090
947	AnyEvent-based implementation of the Freenet Client Protocol, birthplace	1091	AnyEvent-based implementation of the Freenet Client Protocol, birthplace
948	of AnyEvent.	1092	of AnyEvent.
949		1093
…		…
953		1097
954	=item L<Coro>	1098	=item L<Coro>
955		1099
956	Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>.	1100	Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>.
957		1101
958	=item L<IO::Lambda>
959
960	The lambda approach to I/O - don't ask, look there. Can use AnyEvent.
961
962	=back	1102	=back
963		1103
964	=cut	1104	=cut
965		1105
966	package AnyEvent;	1106	package AnyEvent;
967		1107
		1108	# basically a tuned-down version of common::sense
		1109	sub common_sense {
968	no warnings;	1110	# no warnings
		1111	${^WARNING_BITS} ^= ${^WARNING_BITS};
969	use strict qw(vars subs);	1112	# use strict vars subs
		1113	$^H \|= 0x00000600;
		1114	}
970		1115
		1116	BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		1117
971	use Carp;	1118	use Carp ();
972		1119
973	our $VERSION = 4.45;	1120	our $VERSION = 4.92;
974	our $MODEL;	1121	our $MODEL;
975		1122
976	our $AUTOLOAD;	1123	our $AUTOLOAD;
977	our @ISA;	1124	our @ISA;
978		1125
979	our @REGISTRY;	1126	our @REGISTRY;
980		1127
981	our $WIN32;	1128	our $WIN32;
		1129
		1130	our $VERBOSE;
982		1131
983	BEGIN {	1132	BEGIN {
984	eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }";	1133	eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }";
985	eval "sub TAINT(){ " . (${^TAINT}*1) . " }";	1134	eval "sub TAINT(){ " . (${^TAINT}*1) . " }";
986		1135
987	delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV}	1136	delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV}
988	if ${^TAINT};	1137	if ${^TAINT};
989	}
990		1138
991	our $verbose = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1;	1139	$VERBOSE = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1;
		1140
		1141	}
		1142
		1143	our $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY = 10;
992		1144
993	our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4\|ipv6) => (1\|2), higher numbers are preferred	1145	our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4\|ipv6) => (1\|2), higher numbers are preferred
994		1146
995	{	1147	{
996	my $idx;	1148	my $idx;
…		…
998	for reverse split /\s,\s/,	1150	for reverse split /\s,\s/,
999	$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} \|\| "ipv4,ipv6";	1151	$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} \|\| "ipv4,ipv6";
1000	}	1152	}
1001		1153
1002	my @models = (	1154	my @models = (
1003	[EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV::],	1155	[EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV:: , 1],
1004	[Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::],	1156	[Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::, 1],
1005	[AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::],	1157	[AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: , 1],
1006	# everything below here will not be autoprobed	1158	# everything below here will not (normally) be autoprobed
1007	# as the pureperl backend should work everywhere	1159	# as the pureperl backend should work everywhere
1008	# and is usually faster	1160	# and is usually faster
		1161	[Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib:: , 1], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers
		1162	[Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy
		1163	[Irssi:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi::], # Irssi has a bogus "Event" package
1009	[Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles	1164	[Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles
1010	[Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers
1011	[Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy
1012	[Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program	1165	[Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program
1013	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza	1166	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza
1014	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],	1167	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
1015	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],	1168	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
1016	# IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workaorunds for its	1169	# IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its
1017	# byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others.	1170	# byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others.
1018	# IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any	1171	# IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any
1019	# obvious default class.	1172	# obvious default class.
1020	# [IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1173	# [0, IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1021	# [IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1174	# [0, IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1022	# [IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1175	# [0, IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1023	);	1176	);
1024		1177
1025	our %method = map +($_ => 1),	1178	our %method = map +($_ => 1),
1026	qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY);	1179	qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY);
1027		1180
…		…
1031	my ($cb) = @_;	1184	my ($cb) = @_;
1032		1185
1033	if ($MODEL) {	1186	if ($MODEL) {
1034	$cb->();	1187	$cb->();
1035		1188
1036	1	1189	undef
1037	} else {	1190	} else {
1038	push @post_detect, $cb;	1191	push @post_detect, $cb;
1039		1192
1040	defined wantarray	1193	defined wantarray
1041	? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect"	1194	? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect"
…		…
1047	@post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect;	1200	@post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect;
1048	}	1201	}
1049		1202
1050	sub detect() {	1203	sub detect() {
1051	unless ($MODEL) {	1204	unless ($MODEL) {
1052	no strict 'refs';
1053	local $SIG{__DIE__};	1205	local $SIG{__DIE__};
1054		1206
1055	if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) {	1207	if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) {
1056	my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1";	1208	my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1";
1057	if (eval "require $model") {	1209	if (eval "require $model") {
1058	$MODEL = $model;	1210	$MODEL = $model;
1059	warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL), using it.\n" if $verbose > 1;	1211	warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}), using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1060	} else {	1212	} else {
1061	warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL):\n$@" if $verbose;	1213	warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}):\n$@" if $VERBOSE;
1062	}	1214	}
1063	}	1215	}
1064		1216
1065	# check for already loaded models	1217	# check for already loaded models
1066	unless ($MODEL) {	1218	unless ($MODEL) {
1067	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {	1219	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1068	my ($package, $model) = @$_;	1220	my ($package, $model) = @$_;
1069	if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) {	1221	if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) {
1070	if (eval "require $model") {	1222	if (eval "require $model") {
1071	$MODEL = $model;	1223	$MODEL = $model;
1072	warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $verbose > 1;	1224	warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1073	last;	1225	last;
1074	}	1226	}
1075	}	1227	}
1076	}	1228	}
1077		1229
1078	unless ($MODEL) {	1230	unless ($MODEL) {
1079	# try to load a model	1231	# try to autoload a model
1080
1081	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {	1232	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1082	my ($package, $model) = @$_;	1233	my ($package, $model, $autoload) = @$_;
		1234	if (
		1235	$autoload
1083	if (eval "require $package"	1236	and eval "require $package"
1084	and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0	1237	and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0
1085	and eval "require $model") {	1238	and eval "require $model"
		1239	) {
1086	$MODEL = $model;	1240	$MODEL = $model;
1087	warn "AnyEvent: autoprobed model '$model', using it.\n" if $verbose > 1;	1241	warn "AnyEvent: autoloaded model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1088	last;	1242	last;
1089	}	1243	}
1090	}	1244	}
1091		1245
1092	$MODEL	1246	$MODEL
…		…
1108		1262
1109	sub AUTOLOAD {	1263	sub AUTOLOAD {
1110	(my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://;	1264	(my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://;
1111		1265
1112	$method{$func}	1266	$method{$func}
1113	or croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects";	1267	or Carp::croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects";
1114		1268
1115	detect unless $MODEL;	1269	detect unless $MODEL;
1116		1270
1117	my $class = shift;	1271	my $class = shift;
1118	$class->$func (@_);	1272	$class->$func (@_);
…		…
1123	# allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one).	1277	# allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one).
1124	sub _dupfh($$;$$) {	1278	sub _dupfh($$;$$) {
1125	my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_;	1279	my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_;
1126		1280
1127	# cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't	1281	# cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't
1128	my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<")	1282	my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<&") : ($w, ">&");
1129	: $poll eq "w" ? ($w, ">")
1130	: Carp::croak "AnyEvent->io requires poll set to either 'r' or 'w'";
1131		1283
1132	open my $fh2, "$mode&" . fileno $fh	1284	open my $fh2, $mode, $fh
1133	or die "cannot dup() filehandle: $!,";	1285	or die "AnyEvent->io: cannot dup() filehandle in mode '$poll': $!,";
1134		1286
1135	# we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases	1287	# we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases
1136		1288
1137	($fh2, $rw)	1289	($fh2, $rw)
1138	}	1290	}
1139		1291
		1292	#############################################################################
		1293	# "new" API, currently only emulation of it
		1294	#############################################################################
		1295
		1296	package AE;
		1297
		1298	sub io($$$) {
		1299	AnyEvent->io (fh => $_[0], poll => $_[1] ? "w" : "r", cb => $_[2])
		1300	}
		1301
		1302	sub timer($$$) {
		1303	AnyEvent->timer (after => $_[0], interval => $_[1], cb => $_[2]);
		1304	}
		1305
		1306	sub signal($$) {
		1307	AnyEvent->signal (signal => $_[0], cb => $_[1]);
		1308	}
		1309
		1310	sub child($$) {
		1311	AnyEvent->child (pid => $_[0], cb => $_[1]);
		1312	}
		1313
		1314	sub idle($) {
		1315	AnyEvent->idle (cb => $_[0]);
		1316	}
		1317
		1318	sub cv(;&) {
		1319	AnyEvent->condvar (@_ ? (cb => $_[0]) : ())
		1320	}
		1321
		1322	sub now() {
		1323	AnyEvent->now
		1324	}
		1325
		1326	sub now_update() {
		1327	AnyEvent->now_update
		1328	}
		1329
		1330	sub time() {
		1331	AnyEvent->time
		1332	}
		1333
1140	package AnyEvent::Base;	1334	package AnyEvent::Base;
1141		1335
1142	# default implementations for many methods	1336	# default implementations for many methods
1143		1337
1144	BEGIN {	1338	sub _time {
		1339	# probe for availability of Time::HiRes
1145	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {	1340	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {
		1341	warn "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1146	*_time = \&Time::HiRes::time;	1342	*_time = \&Time::HiRes::time;
1147	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...	1343	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...
1148	} else {	1344	} else {
		1345	warn "AnyEvent: using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!\n" if $VERBOSE;
1149	*_time = sub { time }; # epic fail	1346	*_time = sub { time }; # epic fail
1150	}	1347	}
		1348
		1349	&_time
1151	}	1350	}
1152		1351
1153	sub time { _time }	1352	sub time { _time }
1154	sub now { _time }	1353	sub now { _time }
1155	sub now_update { }	1354	sub now_update { }
…		…
1160	bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"	1359	bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"
1161	}	1360	}
1162		1361
1163	# default implementation for ->signal	1362	# default implementation for ->signal
1164		1363
		1364	our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;
		1365
		1366	sub _have_async_interrupt() {
		1367	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT = 1*(!$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT}
		1368	&& eval "use Async::Interrupt 1.0 (); 1")
		1369	unless defined $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;
		1370
		1371	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1372	}
		1373
1165	our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO);	1374	our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO);
		1375	our (%SIG_ASY, %SIG_ASY_W);
		1376	our ($SIG_COUNT, $SIG_TW);
1166		1377
1167	sub _signal_exec {	1378	sub _signal_exec {
		1379	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1380	? $SIGPIPE_R->drain
1168	sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 4;	1381	: sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 9;
1169		1382
1170	while (%SIG_EV) {	1383	while (%SIG_EV) {
1171	for (keys %SIG_EV) {	1384	for (keys %SIG_EV) {
1172	delete $SIG_EV{$_};	1385	delete $SIG_EV{$_};
1173	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} \|\| {} };	1386	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} \|\| {} };
1174	}	1387	}
1175	}	1388	}
1176	}	1389	}
1177		1390
		1391	# install a dummy wakeup watcher to reduce signal catching latency
		1392	sub _sig_add() {
		1393	unless ($SIG_COUNT++) {
		1394	# try to align timer on a full-second boundary, if possible
		1395	my $NOW = AE::now;
		1396
		1397	$SIG_TW = AE::timer
		1398	$MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY - ($NOW - int $NOW),
		1399	$MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY,
		1400	sub { } # just for the PERL_ASYNC_CHECK
		1401	;
		1402	}
		1403	}
		1404
		1405	sub _sig_del {
		1406	undef $SIG_TW
		1407	unless --$SIG_COUNT;
		1408	}
		1409
		1410	our $_sig_name_init; $_sig_name_init = sub {
		1411	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading
		1412	undef $_sig_name_init;
		1413
		1414	if (_have_async_interrupt) {
		1415	*sig2num = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2num;
		1416	*sig2name = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2name;
		1417	} else {
		1418	require Config;
		1419
		1420	my %signame2num;
		1421	@signame2num{ split ' ', $Config::Config{sig_name} }
		1422	= split ' ', $Config::Config{sig_num};
		1423
		1424	my @signum2name;
		1425	@signum2name[values %signame2num] = keys %signame2num;
		1426
		1427	*sig2num = sub($) {
		1428	$_[0] > 0 ? shift : $signame2num{+shift}
		1429	};
		1430	*sig2name = sub ($) {
		1431	$_[0] > 0 ? $signum2name[+shift] : shift
		1432	};
		1433	}
		1434	};
		1435	die if $@;
		1436	};
		1437
		1438	sub sig2num ($) { &$_sig_name_init; &sig2num }
		1439	sub sig2name($) { &$_sig_name_init; &sig2name }
		1440
1178	sub signal {	1441	sub signal {
1179	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1442	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
		1443	# probe for availability of Async::Interrupt
		1444	if (_have_async_interrupt) {
		1445	warn "AnyEvent: using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1180		1446
1181	unless ($SIGPIPE_R) {	1447	$SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe;
1182	require Fcntl;	1448	$SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, 0, \&_signal_exec;
1183		1449
1184	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {
1185	require AnyEvent::Util;
1186
1187	($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe ();
1188	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R) if $SIGPIPE_R;
1189	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
1190	} else {	1450	} else {
		1451	warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
		1452
		1453	require Fcntl;
		1454
		1455	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {
		1456	require AnyEvent::Util;
		1457
		1458	($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe ();
		1459	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R, 1) if $SIGPIPE_R;
		1460	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W, 1) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
		1461	} else {
1191	pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W;	1462	pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W;
1192	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R;	1463	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R;
1193	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case	1464	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
1194		1465
1195	# not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure...	1466	# not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure...
1196	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;	1467	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
1197	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;	1468	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
		1469	}
		1470
		1471	$SIGPIPE_R
		1472	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";
		1473
		1474	$SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R, 0, \&_signal_exec;
1198	}	1475	}
1199		1476
1200	$SIGPIPE_R	1477	*signal = sub {
1201	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";	1478	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
1202		1479
1203	$SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec);
1204	}
1205
1206	my $signal = uc $arg{signal}	1480	my $signal = uc $arg{signal}
1207	or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing";	1481	or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing";
1208		1482
		1483	if ($HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT) {
		1484	# async::interrupt
		1485
		1486	$signal = sig2num $signal;
1209	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};	1487	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
		1488
		1489	$SIG_ASY{$signal} \|\|= new Async::Interrupt
		1490	cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} },
		1491	signal => $signal,
		1492	pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos],
		1493	pipe_autodrain => 0,
		1494	;
		1495
		1496	} else {
		1497	# pure perl
		1498
		1499	# AE::Util has been loaded in signal
		1500	$signal = sig2name $signal;
		1501	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
		1502
1210	$SIG{$signal} \|\|= sub {	1503	$SIG{$signal} \|\|= sub {
1211	local $!;	1504	local $!;
1212	syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV;	1505	syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV;
1213	undef $SIG_EV{$signal};	1506	undef $SIG_EV{$signal};
		1507	};
		1508
		1509	# can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl,
		1510	# so limit the signal latency.
		1511	_sig_add;
		1512	}
		1513
		1514	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"
		1515	};
		1516
		1517	*AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY = sub {
		1518	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
		1519
		1520	_sig_del;
		1521
		1522	delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};
		1523
		1524	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1525	? delete $SIG_ASY{$signal}
		1526	: # delete doesn't work with older perls - they then
		1527	# print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit
		1528	# instead of getting the default action.
		1529	undef $SIG{$signal}
		1530	unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };
		1531	};
1214	};	1532	};
1215		1533	die if $@;
1216	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"	1534	&signal
1217	}
1218
1219	sub AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY {
1220	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
1221
1222	delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};
1223
1224	# delete doesn't work with older perls - they then
1225	# print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit
1226	# instead of getting the default action.
1227	undef $SIG{$signal} unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };
1228	}	1535	}
1229		1536
1230	# default implementation for ->child	1537	# default implementation for ->child
1231		1538
1232	our %PID_CB;	1539	our %PID_CB;
1233	our $CHLD_W;	1540	our $CHLD_W;
1234	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;	1541	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;
1235	our $WNOHANG;	1542	our $WNOHANG;
1236		1543
		1544	sub _emit_childstatus($$) {
		1545	my (undef, $rpid, $rstatus) = @_;
		1546
		1547	$_->($rpid, $rstatus)
		1548	for values %{ $PID_CB{$rpid} \|\| {} },
		1549	values %{ $PID_CB{0} \|\| {} };
		1550	}
		1551
1237	sub _sigchld {	1552	sub _sigchld {
		1553	my $pid;
		1554
		1555	AnyEvent->_emit_childstatus ($pid, $?)
1238	while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) {	1556	while ($pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG) > 0;
1239	$_->($pid, $?) for (values %{ $PID_CB{$pid} \|\| {} }),
1240	(values %{ $PID_CB{0} \|\| {} });
1241	}
1242	}	1557	}
1243		1558
1244	sub child {	1559	sub child {
1245	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1560	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
1246		1561
1247	defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0)	1562	defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0)
1248	or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing";	1563	or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing";
1249		1564
1250	$PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};	1565	$PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
1251		1566
		1567	# WNOHANG is almost cetrainly 1 everywhere
		1568	$WNOHANG \|\|= $^O =~ /^(?:openbsd\|netbsd\|linux\|freebsd\|cygwin\|MSWin32)$/
		1569	? 1
1252	$WNOHANG \|\|= eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } \|\| 1;	1570	: eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } \|\| 1;
1253		1571
1254	unless ($CHLD_W) {	1572	unless ($CHLD_W) {
1255	$CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld);	1573	$CHLD_W = AE::signal CHLD => \&_sigchld;
1256	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round	1574	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round
1257	&_sigchld;	1575	&_sigchld;
1258	}	1576	}
1259		1577
1260	bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child"	1578	bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child"
…		…
1286	# never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher,	1604	# never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher,
1287	# within some limits	1605	# within some limits
1288	$w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001;	1606	$w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001;
1289	$w = 5 if $w > 5;	1607	$w = 5 if $w > 5;
1290		1608
1291	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $w, cb => $rcb);	1609	$w = AE::timer $w, 0, $rcb;
1292	} else {	1610	} else {
1293	# clean up...	1611	# clean up...
1294	undef $w;	1612	undef $w;
1295	undef $rcb;	1613	undef $rcb;
1296	}	1614	}
1297	};	1615	};
1298		1616
1299	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 0.05, cb => $rcb);	1617	$w = AE::timer 0.05, 0, $rcb;
1300		1618
1301	bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle"	1619	bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle"
1302	}	1620	}
1303		1621
1304	sub AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY {	1622	sub AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY {
…		…
1309		1627
1310	our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::;	1628	our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::;
1311		1629
1312	package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base;	1630	package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base;
1313		1631
1314	use overload	1632	#use overload
1315	'&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } },	1633	# '&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } },
1316	fallback => 1;	1634	# fallback => 1;
		1635
		1636	# save 300+ kilobytes by dirtily hardcoding overloading
		1637	${"AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::OVERLOAD"}{dummy}++; # Register with magic by touching.
		1638	*{'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::()'} = sub { }; # "Make it findable via fetchmethod."
		1639	*{'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::(&{}'} = sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } }; # &{}
		1640	${'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::()'} = 1; # fallback
		1641
		1642	our $WAITING;
1317		1643
1318	sub _send {	1644	sub _send {
1319	# nop	1645	# nop
1320	}	1646	}
1321		1647
…		…
1334	sub ready {	1660	sub ready {
1335	$_[0]{_ae_sent}	1661	$_[0]{_ae_sent}
1336	}	1662	}
1337		1663
1338	sub _wait {	1664	sub _wait {
		1665	$WAITING
		1666	and !$_[0]{_ae_sent}
		1667	and Carp::croak "AnyEvent::CondVar: recursive blocking wait detected";
		1668
		1669	local $WAITING = 1;
1339	AnyEvent->one_event while !$_[0]{_ae_sent};	1670	AnyEvent->one_event while !$_[0]{_ae_sent};
1340	}	1671	}
1341		1672
1342	sub recv {	1673	sub recv {
1343	$_[0]->_wait;	1674	$_[0]->_wait;
…		…
1345	Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak} if $_[0]{_ae_croak};	1676	Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak} if $_[0]{_ae_croak};
1346	wantarray ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0]	1677	wantarray ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0]
1347	}	1678	}
1348		1679
1349	sub cb {	1680	sub cb {
1350	$_[0]{_ae_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;	1681	my $cv = shift;
		1682
		1683	@_
		1684	and $cv->{_ae_cb} = shift
		1685	and $cv->{_ae_sent}
		1686	and (delete $cv->{_ae_cb})->($cv);
		1687
1351	$_[0]{_ae_cb}	1688	$cv->{_ae_cb}
1352	}	1689	}
1353		1690
1354	sub begin {	1691	sub begin {
1355	++$_[0]{_ae_counter};	1692	++$_[0]{_ae_counter};
1356	$_[0]{_ae_end_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;	1693	$_[0]{_ae_end_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;
…		…
1405	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>.	1742	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>.
1406		1743
1407	When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event	1744	When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event
1408	model it chooses.	1745	model it chooses.
1409		1746
		1747	When set to C<8> or higher, then AnyEvent will report extra information on
		1748	which optional modules it loads and how it implements certain features.
		1749
1410	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT>	1750	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT>
1411		1751
1412	AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough	1752	AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough
1413	argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value	1753	argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value
1414	will cause AnyEvent to load C<AnyEvent::Strict> and then to thoroughly	1754	will cause AnyEvent to load C<AnyEvent::Strict> and then to thoroughly
1415	check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems,	1755	check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems,
1416	it will croak.	1756	it will croak.
1417		1757
1418	In other words, enables "strict" mode.	1758	In other words, enables "strict" mode.
1419		1759
1420	Unlike C<use strict>, it is definitely recommended to keep it off in	1760	Unlike C<use strict> (or it's modern cousin, C<< use L<common::sense>
1421	production. Keeping C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while	1761	>>, it is definitely recommended to keep it off in production. Keeping
1422	developing programs can be very useful, however.	1762	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while developing programs
		1763	can be very useful, however.
1423		1764
1424	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>	1765	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>
1425		1766
1426	This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before	1767	This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before
1427	auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting	1768	auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting
…		…
1470		1811
1471	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS>	1812	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS>
1472		1813
1473	The maximum number of child processes that C<AnyEvent::Util::fork_call>	1814	The maximum number of child processes that C<AnyEvent::Util::fork_call>
1474	will create in parallel.	1815	will create in parallel.
		1816
		1817	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_OUTSTANDING_DNS>
		1818
		1819	The default value for the C<max_outstanding> parameter for the default DNS
		1820	resolver - this is the maximum number of parallel DNS requests that are
		1821	sent to the DNS server.
		1822
		1823	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_RESOLV_CONF>
		1824
		1825	The file to use instead of F</etc/resolv.conf> (or OS-specific
		1826	configuration) in the default resolver. When set to the empty string, no
		1827	default config will be used.
		1828
		1829	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_FILE>, C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_PATH>.
		1830
		1831	When neither C<ca_file> nor C<ca_path> was specified during
		1832	L<AnyEvent::TLS> context creation, and either of these environment
		1833	variables exist, they will be used to specify CA certificate locations
		1834	instead of a system-dependent default.
		1835
		1836	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_GUARD> and C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT>
		1837
		1838	When these are set to C<1>, then the respective modules are not
		1839	loaded. Mostly good for testing AnyEvent itself.
1475		1840
1476	=back	1841	=back
1477		1842
1478	=head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE	1843	=head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE
1479		1844
…		…
2018		2383
2019	A handler for C<SIGCHLD> is installed by AnyEvent's child watcher	2384	A handler for C<SIGCHLD> is installed by AnyEvent's child watcher
2020	emulation for event loops that do not support them natively. Also, some	2385	emulation for event loops that do not support them natively. Also, some
2021	event loops install a similar handler.	2386	event loops install a similar handler.
2022		2387
2023	If, when AnyEvent is loaded, SIGCHLD is set to IGNORE, then AnyEvent will	2388	Additionally, when AnyEvent is loaded and SIGCHLD is set to IGNORE, then
2024	reset it to default, to avoid losing child exit statuses.	2389	AnyEvent will reset it to default, to avoid losing child exit statuses.
2025		2390
2026	=item SIGPIPE	2391	=item SIGPIPE
2027		2392
2028	A no-op handler is installed for C<SIGPIPE> when C<$SIG{PIPE}> is C<undef>	2393	A no-op handler is installed for C<SIGPIPE> when C<$SIG{PIPE}> is C<undef>
2029	when AnyEvent gets loaded.	2394	when AnyEvent gets loaded.
…		…
2047	if $SIG{CHLD} eq 'IGNORE';	2412	if $SIG{CHLD} eq 'IGNORE';
2048		2413
2049	$SIG{PIPE} = sub { }	2414	$SIG{PIPE} = sub { }
2050	unless defined $SIG{PIPE};	2415	unless defined $SIG{PIPE};
2051		2416
		2417	=head1 RECOMMENDED/OPTIONAL MODULES
		2418
		2419	One of AnyEvent's main goals is to be 100% Pure-Perl(tm): only perl (and
		2420	it's built-in modules) are required to use it.
		2421
		2422	That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional
		2423	modules if they are installed.
		2424
		2425	This section epxlains which additional modules will be used, and how they
		2426	affect AnyEvent's operetion.
		2427
		2428	=over 4
		2429
		2430	=item L<Async::Interrupt>
		2431
		2432	This slightly arcane module is used to implement fast signal handling: To
		2433	my knowledge, there is no way to do completely race-free and quick
		2434	signal handling in pure perl. To ensure that signals still get
		2435	delivered, AnyEvent will start an interval timer to wake up perl (and
		2436	catch the signals) with some delay (default is 10 seconds, look for
		2437	C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>).
		2438
		2439	If this module is available, then it will be used to implement signal
		2440	catching, which means that signals will not be delayed, and the event loop
		2441	will not be interrupted regularly, which is more efficient (And good for
		2442	battery life on laptops).
		2443
		2444	This affects not just the pure-perl event loop, but also other event loops
		2445	that have no signal handling on their own (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt).
		2446
		2447	Some event loops (POE, Event, Event::Lib) offer signal watchers natively,
		2448	and either employ their own workarounds (POE) or use AnyEvent's workaround
		2449	(using C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>). Installing L<Async::Interrupt>
		2450	does nothing for those backends.
		2451
		2452	=item L<EV>
		2453
		2454	This module isn't really "optional", as it is simply one of the backend
		2455	event loops that AnyEvent can use. However, it is simply the best event
		2456	loop available in terms of features, speed and stability: It supports
		2457	the AnyEvent API optimally, implements all the watcher types in XS, does
		2458	automatic timer adjustments even when no monotonic clock is available,
		2459	can take avdantage of advanced kernel interfaces such as C<epoll> and
		2460	C<kqueue>, and is the fastest backend I<by far>. You can even embed
		2461	L<Glib>/L<Gtk2> in it (or vice versa, see L<EV::Glib> and L<Glib::EV>).
		2462
		2463	=item L<Guard>
		2464
		2465	The guard module, when used, will be used to implement
		2466	C<AnyEvent::Util::guard>. This speeds up guards considerably (and uses a
		2467	lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is
		2468	purely used for performance.
		2469
		2470	=item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS>
		2471
		2472	This module is required when you want to read or write JSON data via
		2473	L<AnyEvent::Handle>. It is also written in pure-perl, but can take
		2474	advantage of the ultra-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed.
		2475
		2476	In fact, L<AnyEvent::Handle> will use L<JSON::XS> by default if it is
		2477	installed.
		2478
		2479	=item L<Net::SSLeay>
		2480
		2481	Implementing TLS/SSL in Perl is certainly interesting, but not very
		2482	worthwhile: If this module is installed, then L<AnyEvent::Handle> (with
		2483	the help of L<AnyEvent::TLS>), gains the ability to do TLS/SSL.
		2484
		2485	=item L<Time::HiRes>
		2486
		2487	This module is part of perl since release 5.008. It will be used when the
		2488	chosen event library does not come with a timing source on it's own. The
		2489	pure-perl event loop (L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) will additionally use it to
		2490	try to use a monotonic clock for timing stability.
		2491
		2492	=back
		2493
		2494
2052	=head1 FORK	2495	=head1 FORK
2053		2496
2054	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are	2497	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are
2055	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll>	2498	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll>
2056	calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware.	2499	calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware.
2057		2500
2058	If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first	2501	If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first
2059	watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child.	2502	watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child OR you must do
		2503	something completely out of the scope of AnyEvent.
2060		2504
2061		2505
2062	=head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS	2506	=head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
2063		2507
2064	AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via	2508	AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via
…		…
2102	L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>.	2546	L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>.
2103		2547
2104	Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>,	2548	Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>,
2105	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>,	2549	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>,
2106	L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>,	2550	L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>,
2107	L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>.	2551	L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>, L<Anyevent::Impl::Irssi>.
2108		2552
2109	Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and	2553	Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and
2110	servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>.	2554	servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>.
2111		2555
2112	Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>.	2556	Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>.
2113		2557
2114	Coroutine support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>, L<Coro::Event>,	2558	Coroutine support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>,
		2559	L<Coro::Event>,
2115		2560
2116	Nontrivial usage examples: L<Net::FCP>, L<Net::XMPP2>, L<AnyEvent::DNS>.	2561	Nontrivial usage examples: L<AnyEvent::GPSD>, L<AnyEvent::XMPP>,
		2562	L<AnyEvent::HTTP>.
2117		2563
2118		2564
2119	=head1 AUTHOR	2565	=head1 AUTHOR
2120		2566
2121	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>	2567	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>

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Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents): Revision 1.223 by root, Mon Jun 29 21:00:32 2009 UTC vs. Revision 1.274 by root, Sun Aug 9 00:20:35 2009 UTC

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Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.223 by root, Mon Jun 29 21:00:32 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.274 by root, Sun Aug 9 00:20:35 2009 UTC