[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm

Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.238 by root, Thu Jul 16 03:48:33 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.297 by root, Thu Nov 19 01:55:57 2009 UTC

…		…
1	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
2		2
3	AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops	3	AnyEvent - the DBI of event loop programming
4		4
5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt and POE are various supported	5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Irssi, rxvt-unicode, IO::Async, Qt
6	event loops.	6	and POE are various supported event loops/environments.
7		7
8	=head1 SYNOPSIS	8	=head1 SYNOPSIS
9		9
10	use AnyEvent;	10	use AnyEvent;
11		11
40	=head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL	40	=head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL
41		41
42	This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested	42	This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested
43	in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the	43	in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the
44	L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage.	44	L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage.
		45
		46	=head1 SUPPORT
		47
		48	There is a mailinglist for discussing all things AnyEvent, and an IRC
		49	channel, too.
		50
		51	See the AnyEvent project page at the B<Schmorpforge Ta-Sa Software
		52	Repository>, at L<http://anyevent.schmorp.de>, for more info.
45		53
46	=head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT)	54	=head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT)
47		55
48	Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen	56	Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen
49	nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent?	57	nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent?
…		…
173	my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are	181	my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are
174	declared.	182	declared.
175		183
176	=head2 I/O WATCHERS	184	=head2 I/O WATCHERS
177		185
		186	$w = AnyEvent->io (
		187	fh => <filehandle_or_fileno>,
		188	poll => <"r" or "w">,
		189	cb => <callback>,
		190	);
		191
178	You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method	192	You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method
179	with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:	193	with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:
180		194
181	C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch	195	C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch
182	for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file	196	for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file
…		…
211	undef $w;	225	undef $w;
212	});	226	});
213		227
214	=head2 TIME WATCHERS	228	=head2 TIME WATCHERS
215		229
		230	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => <seconds>, cb => <callback>);
		231
		232	$w = AnyEvent->timer (
		233	after => <fractional_seconds>,
		234	interval => <fractional_seconds>,
		235	cb => <callback>,
		236	);
		237
216	You can create a time watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->timer >>	238	You can create a time watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->timer >>
217	method with the following mandatory arguments:	239	method with the following mandatory arguments:
218		240
219	C<after> specifies after how many seconds (fractional values are	241	C<after> specifies after how many seconds (fractional values are
220	supported) the callback should be invoked. C<cb> is the callback to invoke	242	supported) the callback should be invoked. C<cb> is the callback to invoke
…		…
341	might affect timers and time-outs.	363	might affect timers and time-outs.
342		364
343	When this is the case, you can call this method, which will update the	365	When this is the case, you can call this method, which will update the
344	event loop's idea of "current time".	366	event loop's idea of "current time".
345		367
		368	A typical example would be a script in a web server (e.g. C<mod_perl>) -
		369	when mod_perl executes the script, then the event loop will have the wrong
		370	idea about the "current time" (being potentially far in the past, when the
		371	script ran the last time). In that case you should arrange a call to C<<
		372	AnyEvent->now_update >> each time the web server process wakes up again
		373	(e.g. at the start of your script, or in a handler).
		374
346	Note that updating the time I<might> cause some events to be handled.	375	Note that updating the time I<might> cause some events to be handled.
347		376
348	=back	377	=back
349		378
350	=head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS	379	=head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS
		380
		381	$w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => <uppercase_signal_name>, cb => <callback>);
351		382
352	You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal	383	You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal
353	I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl	384	I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl
354	callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs.	385	callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs.
355		386
…		…
361	invocation, and callback invocation will be synchronous. Synchronous means	392	invocation, and callback invocation will be synchronous. Synchronous means
362	that it might take a while until the signal gets handled by the process,	393	that it might take a while until the signal gets handled by the process,
363	but it is guaranteed not to interrupt any other callbacks.	394	but it is guaranteed not to interrupt any other callbacks.
364		395
365	The main advantage of using these watchers is that you can share a signal	396	The main advantage of using these watchers is that you can share a signal
366	between multiple watchers.	397	between multiple watchers, and AnyEvent will ensure that signals will not
		398	interrupt your program at bad times.
367		399
368	This watcher might use C<%SIG>, so programs overwriting those signals	400	This watcher might use C<%SIG> (depending on the event loop used),
369	directly will likely not work correctly.	401	so programs overwriting those signals directly will likely not work
		402	correctly.
370		403
371	Example: exit on SIGINT	404	Example: exit on SIGINT
372		405
373	my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 });	406	my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 });
374		407
		408	=head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds
		409
		410	Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support attaching
		411	callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot
		412	do race-free signal handling in perl, requiring C libraries for
		413	this. AnyEvent will try to do it's best, which means in some cases,
		414	signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might be delayed is
		415	specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10 seconds). This
		416	variable can be changed only before the first signal watcher is created,
		417	and should be left alone otherwise. This variable determines how often
		418	AnyEvent polls for signals (in case a wake-up was missed). Higher values
		419	will cause fewer spurious wake-ups, which is better for power and CPU
		420	saving.
		421
		422	All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional
		423	L<Async::Interrupt> module, which works with most event loops. It will not
		424	work with inherently broken event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib>
		425	(and not with L<POE> currently, as POE does it's own workaround with
		426	one-second latency). For those, you just have to suffer the delays.
		427
375	=head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS	428	=head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS
376		429
		430	$w = AnyEvent->child (pid => <process id>, cb => <callback>);
		431
377	You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status.	432	You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status.
378		433
379	The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (if set to C<0>, it	434	The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (one some backends,
380	watches for any child process exit). The watcher will triggered only when	435	using C<0> watches for any child process exit, on others this will
381	the child process has finished and an exit status is available, not on	436	croak). The watcher will be triggered only when the child process has
382	any trace events (stopped/continued).	437	finished and an exit status is available, not on any trace events
		438	(stopped/continued).
383		439
384	The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by	440	The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by
385	waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher	441	waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher
386	callback arguments.	442	callback arguments.
387		443
…		…
403		459
404	This means you cannot create a child watcher as the very first	460	This means you cannot create a child watcher as the very first
405	thing in an AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one	461	thing in an AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one
406	watcher before you C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call	462	watcher before you C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call
407	C<AnyEvent::detect>).	463	C<AnyEvent::detect>).
		464
		465	As most event loops do not support waiting for child events, they will be
		466	emulated by AnyEvent in most cases, in which the latency and race problems
		467	mentioned in the description of signal watchers apply.
408		468
409	Example: fork a process and wait for it	469	Example: fork a process and wait for it
410		470
411	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;	471	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;
412		472
…		…
424	# do something else, then wait for process exit	484	# do something else, then wait for process exit
425	$done->recv;	485	$done->recv;
426		486
427	=head2 IDLE WATCHERS	487	=head2 IDLE WATCHERS
428		488
		489	$w = AnyEvent->idle (cb => <callback>);
		490
429	Sometimes there is a need to do something, but it is not so important	491	Sometimes there is a need to do something, but it is not so important
430	to do it instantly, but only when there is nothing better to do. This	492	to do it instantly, but only when there is nothing better to do. This
431	"nothing better to do" is usually defined to be "no other events need	493	"nothing better to do" is usually defined to be "no other events need
432	attention by the event loop".	494	attention by the event loop".
433		495
…		…
459	});	521	});
460	});	522	});
461		523
462	=head2 CONDITION VARIABLES	524	=head2 CONDITION VARIABLES
463		525
		526	$cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
		527
		528	$cv->send (<list>);
		529	my @res = $cv->recv;
		530
464	If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them	531	If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them
465	require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that	532	require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that
466	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.	533	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.
467		534
468	AnyEvent is different, it expects somebody else to run the event loop and	535	AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event
469	will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user).	536	loop and will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user).
470		537
471	The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called	538	The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called
472	because they represent a condition that must become true.	539	because they represent a condition that must become true.
473		540
		541	Now is probably a good time to look at the examples further below.
		542
474	Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar	543	Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar
475	>> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is	544	>> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is
476
477	C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable	545	C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable
478	becomes true, with the condition variable as the first argument (but not	546	becomes true, with the condition variable as the first argument (but not
479	the results).	547	the results).
480		548
481	After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true"	549	After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true"
…		…
486	Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can	554	Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can
487	optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points	555	optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points
488	in time where multiple outstanding events have been processed. And yet	556	in time where multiple outstanding events have been processed. And yet
489	another way to call them is transactions - each condition variable can be	557	another way to call them is transactions - each condition variable can be
490	used to represent a transaction, which finishes at some point and delivers	558	used to represent a transaction, which finishes at some point and delivers
491	a result.	559	a result. And yet some people know them as "futures" - a promise to
		560	compute/deliver something that you can wait for.
492		561
493	Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished,	562	Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished,
494	for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests,	563	for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests,
495	then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the	564	then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the
496	availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is	565	availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is
…		…
530	after => 1,	599	after => 1,
531	cb => sub { $result_ready->send },	600	cb => sub { $result_ready->send },
532	);	601	);
533		602
534	# this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback	603	# this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback
535	# calls send	604	# calls ->send
536	$result_ready->recv;	605	$result_ready->recv;
537		606
538	Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that	607	Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition
539	condition variables are also code references.	608	variables are also callable directly.
540		609
541	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;	610	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;
542	my $delay = AnyEvent->timer (after => 5, cb => $done);	611	my $delay = AnyEvent->timer (after => 5, cb => $done);
543	$done->recv;	612	$done->recv;
544		613
…		…
550		619
551	...	620	...
552		621
553	my @info = $couchdb->info->recv;	622	my @info = $couchdb->info->recv;
554		623
555	And this is how you would just ste a callback to be called whenever the	624	And this is how you would just set a callback to be called whenever the
556	results are available:	625	results are available:
557		626
558	$couchdb->info->cb (sub {	627	$couchdb->info->cb (sub {
559	my @info = $_[0]->recv;	628	my @info = $_[0]->recv;
560	});	629	});
…		…
578	immediately from within send.	647	immediately from within send.
579		648
580	Any arguments passed to the C<send> call will be returned by all	649	Any arguments passed to the C<send> call will be returned by all
581	future C<< ->recv >> calls.	650	future C<< ->recv >> calls.
582		651
583	Condition variables are overloaded so one can call them directly	652	Condition variables are overloaded so one can call them directly (as if
584	(as a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling	653	they were a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling
585	C<send>. Note, however, that many C-based event loops do not handle	654	C<send>.
586	overloading, so as tempting as it may be, passing a condition variable
587	instead of a callback does not work. Both the pure perl and EV loops
588	support overloading, however, as well as all functions that use perl to
589	invoke a callback (as in L<AnyEvent::Socket> and L<AnyEvent::DNS> for
590	example).
591		655
592	=item $cv->croak ($error)	656	=item $cv->croak ($error)
593		657
594	Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke	658	Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke
595	C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar.	659	C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar.
596		660
597	This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable	661	This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable
598	user/consumer.	662	user/consumer. Doing it this way instead of calling C<croak> directly
		663	delays the error detetcion, but has the overwhelmign advantage that it
		664	diagnoses the error at the place where the result is expected, and not
		665	deep in some event clalback without connection to the actual code causing
		666	the problem.
599		667
600	=item $cv->begin ([group callback])	668	=item $cv->begin ([group callback])
601		669
602	=item $cv->end	670	=item $cv->end
603		671
…		…
605	one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want	673	one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want
606	to use a condition variable for the whole process.	674	to use a condition variable for the whole process.
607		675
608	Every call to C<< ->begin >> will increment a counter, and every call to	676	Every call to C<< ->begin >> will increment a counter, and every call to
609	C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end	677	C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end
610	>>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback	678	>>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed, passing the
611	is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no	679	condvar as first argument. That callback is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send
612	callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments.	680	>>, but that is not required. If no group callback was set, C<send> will
		681	be called without any arguments.
613		682
614	You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call	683	You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call
615	sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND	684	sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND
616	condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends).	685	condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends).
617		686
…		…
644	begung can potentially be zero:	713	begung can potentially be zero:
645		714
646	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	715	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
647		716
648	my %result;	717	my %result;
649	$cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) });	718	$cv->begin (sub { shift->send (\%result) });
650		719
651	for my $host (@list_of_hosts) {	720	for my $host (@list_of_hosts) {
652	$cv->begin;	721	$cv->begin;
653	ping_host_then_call_callback $host, sub {	722	ping_host_then_call_callback $host, sub {
654	$result{$host} = ...;	723	$result{$host} = ...;
…		…
699	function will call C<croak>.	768	function will call C<croak>.
700		769
701	In list context, all parameters passed to C<send> will be returned,	770	In list context, all parameters passed to C<send> will be returned,
702	in scalar context only the first one will be returned.	771	in scalar context only the first one will be returned.
703		772
		773	Note that doing a blocking wait in a callback is not supported by any
		774	event loop, that is, recursive invocation of a blocking C<< ->recv
		775	>> is not allowed, and the C<recv> call will C<croak> if such a
		776	condition is detected. This condition can be slightly loosened by using
		777	L<Coro::AnyEvent>, which allows you to do a blocking C<< ->recv >> from
		778	any thread that doesn't run the event loop itself.
		779
704	Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case	780	Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case
705	(programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are	781	(programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are
706	using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>, but let the	782	using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>. Instead, let the
707	caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling	783	caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling
708	condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting	784	condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting
709	callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block,	785	callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block,
710	while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires).	786	while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires).
711		787
712	Another reason I<never> to C<< ->recv >> in a module is that you cannot
713	sensibly have two C<< ->recv >>'s in parallel, as that would require
714	multiple interpreters or coroutines/threads, none of which C<AnyEvent>
715	can supply.
716
717	The L<Coro> module, however, I<can> and I<does> supply coroutines and, in
718	fact, L<Coro::AnyEvent> replaces AnyEvent's condvars by coroutine-safe
719	versions and also integrates coroutines into AnyEvent, making blocking
720	C<< ->recv >> calls perfectly safe as long as they are done from another
721	coroutine (one that doesn't run the event loop).
722
723	You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and	788	You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and
724	only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later	789	only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later
725	time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking	790	time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking
726	waits otherwise.	791	waits otherwise.
727		792
…		…
733	=item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv))	798	=item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv))
734		799
735	This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally	800	This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally
736	replaces it before doing so.	801	replaces it before doing so.
737		802
738	The callback will be called when the condition becomes "true", i.e. when	803	The callback will be called when the condition becomes (or already was)
739	C<send> or C<croak> are called, with the only argument being the condition	804	"true", i.e. when C<send> or C<croak> are called (or were called), with
740	variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time	805	the only argument being the condition variable itself. Calling C<recv>
741	is guaranteed not to block.	806	inside the callback or at any later time is guaranteed not to block.
742		807
743	=back	808	=back
744		809
745	=head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS	810	=head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS
746		811
…		…
749	=over 4	814	=over 4
750		815
751	=item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found.	816	=item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found.
752		817
753	EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in	818	EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in
754	use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will try Event, and, failing	819	use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will fall back to its own
755	that, will fall back to its own pure-perl implementation, which is	820	pure-perl implementation, which is available everywhere as it comes with
756	available everywhere as it comes with AnyEvent itself.	821	AnyEvent itself.
757		822
758	AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice).	823	AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice).
759	AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches.
760	AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable.	824	AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable.
761		825
762	=item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used.	826	=item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used.
763		827
764	These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher	828	These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher
765	is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using	829	is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using
766	them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend	830	them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend
767	when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to	831	when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to
768	create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program.	832	create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program.
769		833
		834	AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches.
770	AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable.	835	AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable.
771	AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken.	836	AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken.
772	AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.	837	AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.
773	AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations.	838	AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations.
		839	AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi used when running within irssi.
774		840
775	=item Backends with special needs.	841	=item Backends with special needs.
776		842
777	Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will	843	Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will
778	otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program	844	otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program
…		…
852	event module detection too early, for example, L<AnyEvent::AIO> creates	918	event module detection too early, for example, L<AnyEvent::AIO> creates
853	and installs the global L<IO::AIO> watcher in a C<post_detect> block to	919	and installs the global L<IO::AIO> watcher in a C<post_detect> block to
854	avoid autodetecting the event module at load time.	920	avoid autodetecting the event module at load time.
855		921
856	If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object	922	If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object
857	that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed. See	923	that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed (or
		924	C<undef> when the hook was immediately executed). See L<AnyEvent::AIO> for
858	L<Coro::BDB> for a case where this is useful.	925	a case where this is useful.
		926
		927	Example: Create a watcher for the IO::AIO module and store it in
		928	C<$WATCHER>. Only do so after the event loop is initialised, though.
		929
		930	our WATCHER;
		931
		932	my $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect {
		933	$WATCHER = AnyEvent->io (fh => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, poll => 'r', cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		934	};
		935
		936	# the \|\|= is important in case post_detect immediately runs the block,
		937	# as to not clobber the newly-created watcher. assigning both watcher and
		938	# post_detect guard to the same variable has the advantage of users being
		939	# able to just C<undef $WATCHER> if the watcher causes them grief.
		940
		941	$WATCHER \|\|= $guard;
859		942
860	=item @AnyEvent::post_detect	943	=item @AnyEvent::post_detect
861		944
862	If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it	945	If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it
863	before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after	946	before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after
…		…
1028		1111
1029	=cut	1112	=cut
1030		1113
1031	package AnyEvent;	1114	package AnyEvent;
1032		1115
1033	no warnings;	1116	# basically a tuned-down version of common::sense
		1117	sub common_sense {
		1118	# from common:.sense 1.0
		1119	${^WARNING_BITS} = "\xfc\x3f\xf3\x00\x0f\xf3\xcf\xc0\xf3\xfc\x33\x03";
1034	use strict qw(vars subs);	1120	# use strict vars subs
		1121	$^H \|= 0x00000600;
		1122	}
1035		1123
		1124	BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		1125
1036	use Carp;	1126	use Carp ();
1037		1127
1038	our $VERSION = 4.82;	1128	our $VERSION = '5.21';
1039	our $MODEL;	1129	our $MODEL;
1040		1130
1041	our $AUTOLOAD;	1131	our $AUTOLOAD;
1042	our @ISA;	1132	our @ISA;
1043		1133
1044	our @REGISTRY;	1134	our @REGISTRY;
1045		1135
1046	our $WIN32;	1136	our $VERBOSE;
1047		1137
1048	BEGIN {	1138	BEGIN {
1049	eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }";	1139	eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }";
1050	eval "sub TAINT(){ " . (${^TAINT}*1) . " }";	1140	eval "sub TAINT(){ " . (${^TAINT}*1) . " }";
1051		1141
1052	delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV}	1142	delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV}
1053	if ${^TAINT};	1143	if ${^TAINT};
1054	}
1055		1144
1056	our $verbose = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1;	1145	$VERBOSE = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1;
		1146
		1147	}
		1148
		1149	our $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY = 10;
1057		1150
1058	our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4\|ipv6) => (1\|2), higher numbers are preferred	1151	our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4\|ipv6) => (1\|2), higher numbers are preferred
1059		1152
1060	{	1153	{
1061	my $idx;	1154	my $idx;
…		…
1063	for reverse split /\s,\s/,	1156	for reverse split /\s,\s/,
1064	$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} \|\| "ipv4,ipv6";	1157	$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} \|\| "ipv4,ipv6";
1065	}	1158	}
1066		1159
1067	my @models = (	1160	my @models = (
1068	[EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV::],	1161	[EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV:: , 1],
1069	[Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::],
1070	[AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::],	1162	[AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: , 1],
1071	# everything below here will not be autoprobed	1163	# everything below here will not (normally) be autoprobed
1072	# as the pureperl backend should work everywhere	1164	# as the pureperl backend should work everywhere
1073	# and is usually faster	1165	# and is usually faster
		1166	[Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::, 1],
1074	[Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers	1167	[Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib:: , 1], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers
1075	[Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy	1168	[Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy
		1169	[Irssi:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi::], # Irssi has a bogus "Event" package
1076	[Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles	1170	[Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles
1077	[Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program	1171	[Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program
1078	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza	1172	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza
1079	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],	1173	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
1080	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],	1174	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
1081	# IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its	1175	# IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its
1082	# byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others.	1176	# byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others.
1083	# IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any	1177	# IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any
1084	# obvious default class.	1178	# obvious default class.
1085	# [IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1179	[IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1086	# [IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1180	[IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1087	# [IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1181	[IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
		1182	[AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1088	);	1183	);
1089		1184
1090	our %method = map +($_ => 1),	1185	our %method = map +($_ => 1),
1091	qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY);	1186	qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY);
1092		1187
…		…
1096	my ($cb) = @_;	1191	my ($cb) = @_;
1097		1192
1098	if ($MODEL) {	1193	if ($MODEL) {
1099	$cb->();	1194	$cb->();
1100		1195
1101	1	1196	undef
1102	} else {	1197	} else {
1103	push @post_detect, $cb;	1198	push @post_detect, $cb;
1104		1199
1105	defined wantarray	1200	defined wantarray
1106	? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect"	1201	? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect"
…		…
1112	@post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect;	1207	@post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect;
1113	}	1208	}
1114		1209
1115	sub detect() {	1210	sub detect() {
1116	unless ($MODEL) {	1211	unless ($MODEL) {
1117	no strict 'refs';
1118	local $SIG{__DIE__};	1212	local $SIG{__DIE__};
1119		1213
1120	if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) {	1214	if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) {
1121	my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1";	1215	my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1";
1122	if (eval "require $model") {	1216	if (eval "require $model") {
1123	$MODEL = $model;	1217	$MODEL = $model;
1124	warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}), using it.\n" if $verbose > 1;	1218	warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}), using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1125	} else {	1219	} else {
1126	warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}):\n$@" if $verbose;	1220	warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}):\n$@" if $VERBOSE;
1127	}	1221	}
1128	}	1222	}
1129		1223
1130	# check for already loaded models	1224	# check for already loaded models
1131	unless ($MODEL) {	1225	unless ($MODEL) {
1132	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {	1226	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1133	my ($package, $model) = @$_;	1227	my ($package, $model) = @$_;
1134	if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) {	1228	if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) {
1135	if (eval "require $model") {	1229	if (eval "require $model") {
1136	$MODEL = $model;	1230	$MODEL = $model;
1137	warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $verbose > 1;	1231	warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1138	last;	1232	last;
1139	}	1233	}
1140	}	1234	}
1141	}	1235	}
1142		1236
1143	unless ($MODEL) {	1237	unless ($MODEL) {
1144	# try to load a model	1238	# try to autoload a model
1145
1146	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {	1239	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1147	my ($package, $model) = @$_;	1240	my ($package, $model, $autoload) = @$_;
		1241	if (
		1242	$autoload
1148	if (eval "require $package"	1243	and eval "require $package"
1149	and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0	1244	and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0
1150	and eval "require $model") {	1245	and eval "require $model"
		1246	) {
1151	$MODEL = $model;	1247	$MODEL = $model;
1152	warn "AnyEvent: autoprobed model '$model', using it.\n" if $verbose > 1;	1248	warn "AnyEvent: autoloaded model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1153	last;	1249	last;
1154	}	1250	}
1155	}	1251	}
1156		1252
1157	$MODEL	1253	$MODEL
…		…
1173		1269
1174	sub AUTOLOAD {	1270	sub AUTOLOAD {
1175	(my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://;	1271	(my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://;
1176		1272
1177	$method{$func}	1273	$method{$func}
1178	or croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects";	1274	or Carp::croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects";
1179		1275
1180	detect unless $MODEL;	1276	detect unless $MODEL;
1181		1277
1182	my $class = shift;	1278	my $class = shift;
1183	$class->$func (@_);	1279	$class->$func (@_);
…		…
1188	# allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one).	1284	# allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one).
1189	sub _dupfh($$;$$) {	1285	sub _dupfh($$;$$) {
1190	my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_;	1286	my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_;
1191		1287
1192	# cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't	1288	# cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't
1193	my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<") : ($w, ">");	1289	my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<&") : ($w, ">&");
1194		1290
1195	open my $fh2, "$mode&", $fh	1291	open my $fh2, $mode, $fh
1196	or die "AnyEvent->io: cannot dup() filehandle in mode '$poll': $!,";	1292	or die "AnyEvent->io: cannot dup() filehandle in mode '$poll': $!,";
1197		1293
1198	# we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases	1294	# we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases
1199		1295
1200	($fh2, $rw)	1296	($fh2, $rw)
1201	}	1297	}
1202		1298
		1299	=head1 SIMPLIFIED AE API
		1300
		1301	Starting with version 5.0, AnyEvent officially supports a second, much
		1302	simpler, API that is designed to reduce the calling, typing and memory
		1303	overhead.
		1304
		1305	See the L<AE> manpage for details.
		1306
		1307	=cut
		1308
		1309	package AE;
		1310
		1311	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
		1312
		1313	sub io($$$) {
		1314	AnyEvent->io (fh => $_[0], poll => $_[1] ? "w" : "r", cb => $_[2])
		1315	}
		1316
		1317	sub timer($$$) {
		1318	AnyEvent->timer (after => $_[0], interval => $_[1], cb => $_[2])
		1319	}
		1320
		1321	sub signal($$) {
		1322	AnyEvent->signal (signal => $_[0], cb => $_[1])
		1323	}
		1324
		1325	sub child($$) {
		1326	AnyEvent->child (pid => $_[0], cb => $_[1])
		1327	}
		1328
		1329	sub idle($) {
		1330	AnyEvent->idle (cb => $_[0])
		1331	}
		1332
		1333	sub cv(;&) {
		1334	AnyEvent->condvar (@_ ? (cb => $_[0]) : ())
		1335	}
		1336
		1337	sub now() {
		1338	AnyEvent->now
		1339	}
		1340
		1341	sub now_update() {
		1342	AnyEvent->now_update
		1343	}
		1344
		1345	sub time() {
		1346	AnyEvent->time
		1347	}
		1348
1203	package AnyEvent::Base;	1349	package AnyEvent::Base;
1204		1350
1205	# default implementations for many methods	1351	# default implementations for many methods
1206		1352
1207	BEGIN {	1353	sub _time() {
		1354	# probe for availability of Time::HiRes
1208	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {	1355	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {
		1356	warn "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1209	*_time = \&Time::HiRes::time;	1357	*_time = \&Time::HiRes::time;
1210	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...	1358	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...
1211	} else {	1359	} else {
		1360	warn "AnyEvent: using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!\n" if $VERBOSE;
1212	*_time = sub { time }; # epic fail	1361	*_time = sub { time }; # epic fail
1213	}	1362	}
		1363
		1364	&_time
1214	}	1365	}
1215		1366
1216	sub time { _time }	1367	sub time { _time }
1217	sub now { _time }	1368	sub now { _time }
1218	sub now_update { }	1369	sub now_update { }
…		…
1223	bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"	1374	bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"
1224	}	1375	}
1225		1376
1226	# default implementation for ->signal	1377	# default implementation for ->signal
1227		1378
		1379	our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;
		1380
		1381	sub _have_async_interrupt() {
		1382	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT = 1*(!$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT}
		1383	&& eval "use Async::Interrupt 1.02 (); 1")
		1384	unless defined $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;
		1385
		1386	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1387	}
		1388
1228	our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO);	1389	our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO);
		1390	our (%SIG_ASY, %SIG_ASY_W);
		1391	our ($SIG_COUNT, $SIG_TW);
1229		1392
1230	sub _signal_exec {	1393	sub _signal_exec {
		1394	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1395	? $SIGPIPE_R->drain
1231	sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 4;	1396	: sysread $SIGPIPE_R, (my $dummy), 9;
1232		1397
1233	while (%SIG_EV) {	1398	while (%SIG_EV) {
1234	for (keys %SIG_EV) {	1399	for (keys %SIG_EV) {
1235	delete $SIG_EV{$_};	1400	delete $SIG_EV{$_};
1236	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} \|\| {} };	1401	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} \|\| {} };
1237	}	1402	}
1238	}	1403	}
1239	}	1404	}
1240		1405
		1406	# install a dummy wakeup watcher to reduce signal catching latency
		1407	sub _sig_add() {
		1408	unless ($SIG_COUNT++) {
		1409	# try to align timer on a full-second boundary, if possible
		1410	my $NOW = AE::now;
		1411
		1412	$SIG_TW = AE::timer
		1413	$MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY - ($NOW - int $NOW),
		1414	$MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY,
		1415	sub { } # just for the PERL_ASYNC_CHECK
		1416	;
		1417	}
		1418	}
		1419
		1420	sub _sig_del {
		1421	undef $SIG_TW
		1422	unless --$SIG_COUNT;
		1423	}
		1424
		1425	our $_sig_name_init; $_sig_name_init = sub {
		1426	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading
		1427	undef $_sig_name_init;
		1428
		1429	if (_have_async_interrupt) {
		1430	*sig2num = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2num;
		1431	*sig2name = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2name;
		1432	} else {
		1433	require Config;
		1434
		1435	my %signame2num;
		1436	@signame2num{ split ' ', $Config::Config{sig_name} }
		1437	= split ' ', $Config::Config{sig_num};
		1438
		1439	my @signum2name;
		1440	@signum2name[values %signame2num] = keys %signame2num;
		1441
		1442	*sig2num = sub($) {
		1443	$_[0] > 0 ? shift : $signame2num{+shift}
		1444	};
		1445	*sig2name = sub ($) {
		1446	$_[0] > 0 ? $signum2name[+shift] : shift
		1447	};
		1448	}
		1449	};
		1450	die if $@;
		1451	};
		1452
		1453	sub sig2num ($) { &$_sig_name_init; &sig2num }
		1454	sub sig2name($) { &$_sig_name_init; &sig2name }
		1455
1241	sub signal {	1456	sub signal {
1242	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1457	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
		1458	# probe for availability of Async::Interrupt
		1459	if (_have_async_interrupt) {
		1460	warn "AnyEvent: using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1243		1461
1244	unless ($SIGPIPE_R) {	1462	$SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe;
1245	require Fcntl;	1463	$SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, 0, \&_signal_exec;
1246		1464
1247	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {
1248	require AnyEvent::Util;
1249
1250	($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe ();
1251	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R) if $SIGPIPE_R;
1252	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
1253	} else {	1465	} else {
		1466	warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
		1467
		1468	require Fcntl;
		1469
		1470	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {
		1471	require AnyEvent::Util;
		1472
		1473	($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe ();
		1474	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R, 1) if $SIGPIPE_R;
		1475	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W, 1) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
		1476	} else {
1254	pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W;	1477	pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W;
1255	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R;	1478	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R;
1256	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case	1479	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
1257		1480
1258	# not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure...	1481	# not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure...
1259	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;	1482	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
1260	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;	1483	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
		1484	}
		1485
		1486	$SIGPIPE_R
		1487	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";
		1488
		1489	$SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R, 0, \&_signal_exec;
1261	}	1490	}
1262		1491
1263	$SIGPIPE_R	1492	*signal = sub {
1264	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";	1493	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
1265		1494
1266	$SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec);
1267	}
1268
1269	my $signal = uc $arg{signal}	1495	my $signal = uc $arg{signal}
1270	or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing";	1496	or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing";
1271		1497
		1498	if ($HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT) {
		1499	# async::interrupt
		1500
		1501	$signal = sig2num $signal;
1272	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};	1502	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
		1503
		1504	$SIG_ASY{$signal} \|\|= new Async::Interrupt
		1505	cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} },
		1506	signal => $signal,
		1507	pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos],
		1508	pipe_autodrain => 0,
		1509	;
		1510
		1511	} else {
		1512	# pure perl
		1513
		1514	# AE::Util has been loaded in signal
		1515	$signal = sig2name $signal;
		1516	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
		1517
1273	$SIG{$signal} \|\|= sub {	1518	$SIG{$signal} \|\|= sub {
1274	local $!;	1519	local $!;
1275	syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV;	1520	syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV;
1276	undef $SIG_EV{$signal};	1521	undef $SIG_EV{$signal};
		1522	};
		1523
		1524	# can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl,
		1525	# so limit the signal latency.
		1526	_sig_add;
		1527	}
		1528
		1529	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"
		1530	};
		1531
		1532	*AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY = sub {
		1533	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
		1534
		1535	_sig_del;
		1536
		1537	delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};
		1538
		1539	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1540	? delete $SIG_ASY{$signal}
		1541	: # delete doesn't work with older perls - they then
		1542	# print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit
		1543	# instead of getting the default action.
		1544	undef $SIG{$signal}
		1545	unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };
		1546	};
1277	};	1547	};
1278		1548	die if $@;
1279	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"	1549	&signal
1280	}
1281
1282	sub AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY {
1283	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
1284
1285	delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};
1286
1287	# delete doesn't work with older perls - they then
1288	# print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit
1289	# instead of getting the default action.
1290	undef $SIG{$signal} unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };
1291	}	1550	}
1292		1551
1293	# default implementation for ->child	1552	# default implementation for ->child
1294		1553
1295	our %PID_CB;	1554	our %PID_CB;
1296	our $CHLD_W;	1555	our $CHLD_W;
1297	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;	1556	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;
1298	our $WNOHANG;	1557	our $WNOHANG;
1299		1558
		1559	sub _emit_childstatus($$) {
		1560	my (undef, $rpid, $rstatus) = @_;
		1561
		1562	$_->($rpid, $rstatus)
		1563	for values %{ $PID_CB{$rpid} \|\| {} },
		1564	values %{ $PID_CB{0} \|\| {} };
		1565	}
		1566
1300	sub _sigchld {	1567	sub _sigchld {
		1568	my $pid;
		1569
		1570	AnyEvent->_emit_childstatus ($pid, $?)
1301	while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) {	1571	while ($pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG) > 0;
1302	$_->($pid, $?) for (values %{ $PID_CB{$pid} \|\| {} }),
1303	(values %{ $PID_CB{0} \|\| {} });
1304	}
1305	}	1572	}
1306		1573
1307	sub child {	1574	sub child {
1308	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1575	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
1309		1576
1310	defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0)	1577	defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0)
1311	or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing";	1578	or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing";
1312		1579
1313	$PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};	1580	$PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
1314		1581
		1582	# WNOHANG is almost cetrainly 1 everywhere
		1583	$WNOHANG \|\|= $^O =~ /^(?:openbsd\|netbsd\|linux\|freebsd\|cygwin\|MSWin32)$/
		1584	? 1
1315	$WNOHANG \|\|= eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } \|\| 1;	1585	: eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } \|\| 1;
1316		1586
1317	unless ($CHLD_W) {	1587	unless ($CHLD_W) {
1318	$CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld);	1588	$CHLD_W = AE::signal CHLD => \&_sigchld;
1319	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round	1589	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round
1320	&_sigchld;	1590	&_sigchld;
1321	}	1591	}
1322		1592
1323	bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child"	1593	bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child"
…		…
1349	# never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher,	1619	# never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher,
1350	# within some limits	1620	# within some limits
1351	$w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001;	1621	$w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001;
1352	$w = 5 if $w > 5;	1622	$w = 5 if $w > 5;
1353		1623
1354	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $w, cb => $rcb);	1624	$w = AE::timer $w, 0, $rcb;
1355	} else {	1625	} else {
1356	# clean up...	1626	# clean up...
1357	undef $w;	1627	undef $w;
1358	undef $rcb;	1628	undef $rcb;
1359	}	1629	}
1360	};	1630	};
1361		1631
1362	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 0.05, cb => $rcb);	1632	$w = AE::timer 0.05, 0, $rcb;
1363		1633
1364	bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle"	1634	bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle"
1365	}	1635	}
1366		1636
1367	sub AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY {	1637	sub AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY {
…		…
1372		1642
1373	our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::;	1643	our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::;
1374		1644
1375	package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base;	1645	package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base;
1376		1646
1377	use overload	1647	#use overload
1378	'&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } },	1648	# '&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } },
1379	fallback => 1;	1649	# fallback => 1;
		1650
		1651	# save 300+ kilobytes by dirtily hardcoding overloading
		1652	${"AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::OVERLOAD"}{dummy}++; # Register with magic by touching.
		1653	*{'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::()'} = sub { }; # "Make it findable via fetchmethod."
		1654	*{'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::(&{}'} = sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } }; # &{}
		1655	${'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::()'} = 1; # fallback
		1656
		1657	our $WAITING;
1380		1658
1381	sub _send {	1659	sub _send {
1382	# nop	1660	# nop
1383	}	1661	}
1384		1662
…		…
1397	sub ready {	1675	sub ready {
1398	$_[0]{_ae_sent}	1676	$_[0]{_ae_sent}
1399	}	1677	}
1400		1678
1401	sub _wait {	1679	sub _wait {
		1680	$WAITING
		1681	and !$_[0]{_ae_sent}
		1682	and Carp::croak "AnyEvent::CondVar: recursive blocking wait detected";
		1683
		1684	local $WAITING = 1;
1402	AnyEvent->one_event while !$_[0]{_ae_sent};	1685	AnyEvent->one_event while !$_[0]{_ae_sent};
1403	}	1686	}
1404		1687
1405	sub recv {	1688	sub recv {
1406	$_[0]->_wait;	1689	$_[0]->_wait;
…		…
1408	Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak} if $_[0]{_ae_croak};	1691	Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak} if $_[0]{_ae_croak};
1409	wantarray ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0]	1692	wantarray ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0]
1410	}	1693	}
1411		1694
1412	sub cb {	1695	sub cb {
1413	$_[0]{_ae_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;	1696	my $cv = shift;
		1697
		1698	@_
		1699	and $cv->{_ae_cb} = shift
		1700	and $cv->{_ae_sent}
		1701	and (delete $cv->{_ae_cb})->($cv);
		1702
1414	$_[0]{_ae_cb}	1703	$cv->{_ae_cb}
1415	}	1704	}
1416		1705
1417	sub begin {	1706	sub begin {
1418	++$_[0]{_ae_counter};	1707	++$_[0]{_ae_counter};
1419	$_[0]{_ae_end_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;	1708	$_[0]{_ae_end_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;
…		…
1468	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>.	1757	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>.
1469		1758
1470	When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event	1759	When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event
1471	model it chooses.	1760	model it chooses.
1472		1761
		1762	When set to C<8> or higher, then AnyEvent will report extra information on
		1763	which optional modules it loads and how it implements certain features.
		1764
1473	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT>	1765	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT>
1474		1766
1475	AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough	1767	AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough
1476	argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value	1768	argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value
1477	will cause AnyEvent to load C<AnyEvent::Strict> and then to thoroughly	1769	will cause AnyEvent to load C<AnyEvent::Strict> and then to thoroughly
1478	check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems,	1770	check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems,
1479	it will croak.	1771	it will croak.
1480		1772
1481	In other words, enables "strict" mode.	1773	In other words, enables "strict" mode.
1482		1774
1483	Unlike C<use strict>, it is definitely recommended to keep it off in	1775	Unlike C<use strict> (or it's modern cousin, C<< use L<common::sense>
1484	production. Keeping C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while	1776	>>, it is definitely recommended to keep it off in production. Keeping
1485	developing programs can be very useful, however.	1777	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while developing programs
		1778	can be very useful, however.
1486		1779
1487	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>	1780	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>
1488		1781
1489	This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before	1782	This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before
1490	auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting	1783	auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting
…		…
1552		1845
1553	When neither C<ca_file> nor C<ca_path> was specified during	1846	When neither C<ca_file> nor C<ca_path> was specified during
1554	L<AnyEvent::TLS> context creation, and either of these environment	1847	L<AnyEvent::TLS> context creation, and either of these environment
1555	variables exist, they will be used to specify CA certificate locations	1848	variables exist, they will be used to specify CA certificate locations
1556	instead of a system-dependent default.	1849	instead of a system-dependent default.
		1850
		1851	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_GUARD> and C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT>
		1852
		1853	When these are set to C<1>, then the respective modules are not
		1854	loaded. Mostly good for testing AnyEvent itself.
1557		1855
1558	=back	1856	=back
1559		1857
1560	=head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE	1858	=head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE
1561		1859
…		…
1619	warn "read: $input\n"; # output what has been read	1917	warn "read: $input\n"; # output what has been read
1620	$cv->send if $input =~ /^q/i; # quit program if /^q/i	1918	$cv->send if $input =~ /^q/i; # quit program if /^q/i
1621	},	1919	},
1622	);	1920	);
1623		1921
1624	my $time_watcher; # can only be used once
1625
1626	sub new_timer {
1627	$timer = AnyEvent->timer (after => 1, cb => sub {	1922	my $time_watcher = AnyEvent->timer (after => 1, interval => 1, cb => sub {
1628	warn "timeout\n"; # print 'timeout' about every second	1923	warn "timeout\n"; # print 'timeout' at most every second
1629	&new_timer; # and restart the time
1630	});	1924	});
1631	}
1632
1633	new_timer; # create first timer
1634		1925
1635	$cv->recv; # wait until user enters /^q/i	1926	$cv->recv; # wait until user enters /^q/i
1636		1927
1637	=head1 REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE	1928	=head1 REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE
1638		1929
…		…
1769	through AnyEvent. The benchmark creates a lot of timers (with a zero	2060	through AnyEvent. The benchmark creates a lot of timers (with a zero
1770	timeout) and I/O watchers (watching STDOUT, a pty, to become writable,	2061	timeout) and I/O watchers (watching STDOUT, a pty, to become writable,
1771	which it is), lets them fire exactly once and destroys them again.	2062	which it is), lets them fire exactly once and destroys them again.
1772		2063
1773	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench> in the AnyEvent	2064	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench> in the AnyEvent
1774	distribution.	2065	distribution. It uses the L<AE> interface, which makes a real difference
		2066	for the EV and Perl backends only.
1775		2067
1776	=head3 Explanation of the columns	2068	=head3 Explanation of the columns
1777		2069
1778	I<watcher> is the number of event watchers created/destroyed. Since	2070	I<watcher> is the number of event watchers created/destroyed. Since
1779	different event models feature vastly different performances, each event	2071	different event models feature vastly different performances, each event
…		…
1800	watcher.	2092	watcher.
1801		2093
1802	=head3 Results	2094	=head3 Results
1803		2095
1804	name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment	2096	name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment
1805	EV/EV 400000 224 0.47 0.35 0.27 EV native interface	2097	EV/EV 100000 223 0.47 0.43 0.27 EV native interface
1806	EV/Any 100000 224 2.88 0.34 0.27 EV + AnyEvent watchers	2098	EV/Any 100000 223 0.48 0.42 0.26 EV + AnyEvent watchers
1807	CoroEV/Any 100000 224 2.85 0.35 0.28 coroutines + Coro::Signal	2099	Coro::EV/Any 100000 223 0.47 0.42 0.26 coroutines + Coro::Signal
1808	Perl/Any 100000 452 4.13 0.73 0.95 pure perl implementation	2100	Perl/Any 100000 431 2.70 0.74 0.92 pure perl implementation
1809	Event/Event 16000 517 32.20 31.80 0.81 Event native interface	2101	Event/Event 16000 516 31.16 31.84 0.82 Event native interface
1810	Event/Any 16000 590 35.85 31.55 1.06 Event + AnyEvent watchers	2102	Event/Any 16000 1203 42.61 34.79 1.80 Event + AnyEvent watchers
1811	IOAsync/Any 16000 989 38.10 32.77 11.13 via IO::Async::Loop::IO_Poll	2103	IOAsync/Any 16000 1911 41.92 27.45 16.81 via IO::Async::Loop::IO_Poll
1812	IOAsync/Any 16000 990 37.59 29.50 10.61 via IO::Async::Loop::Epoll	2104	IOAsync/Any 16000 1726 40.69 26.37 15.25 via IO::Async::Loop::Epoll
1813	Glib/Any 16000 1357 102.33 12.31 51.00 quadratic behaviour	2105	Glib/Any 16000 1118 89.00 12.57 51.17 quadratic behaviour
1814	Tk/Any 2000 1860 27.20 66.31 14.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers	2106	Tk/Any 2000 1346 20.96 10.75 8.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers
1815	POE/Event 2000 6328 109.99 751.67 14.02 via POE::Loop::Event	2107	POE/Any 2000 6951 108.97 795.32 14.24 via POE::Loop::Event
1816	POE/Select 2000 6027 94.54 809.13 579.80 via POE::Loop::Select	2108	POE/Any 2000 6648 94.79 774.40 575.51 via POE::Loop::Select
1817		2109
1818	=head3 Discussion	2110	=head3 Discussion
1819		2111
1820	The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very	2112	The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very
1821	well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one)	2113	well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one)
…		…
1833	benchmark machine, handling an event takes roughly 1600 CPU cycles with	2125	benchmark machine, handling an event takes roughly 1600 CPU cycles with
1834	EV, 3100 CPU cycles with AnyEvent's pure perl loop and almost 3000000 CPU	2126	EV, 3100 CPU cycles with AnyEvent's pure perl loop and almost 3000000 CPU
1835	cycles with POE.	2127	cycles with POE.
1836		2128
1837	C<EV> is the sole leader regarding speed and memory use, which are both	2129	C<EV> is the sole leader regarding speed and memory use, which are both
1838	maximal/minimal, respectively. Even when going through AnyEvent, it uses	2130	maximal/minimal, respectively. When using the L<AE> API there is zero
		2131	overhead (when going through the AnyEvent API create is about 5-6 times
		2132	slower, with other times being equal, so still uses far less memory than
1839	far less memory than any other event loop and is still faster than Event	2133	any other event loop and is still faster than Event natively).
1840	natively.
1841		2134
1842	The pure perl implementation is hit in a few sweet spots (both the	2135	The pure perl implementation is hit in a few sweet spots (both the
1843	constant timeout and the use of a single fd hit optimisations in the perl	2136	constant timeout and the use of a single fd hit optimisations in the perl
1844	interpreter and the backend itself). Nevertheless this shows that it	2137	interpreter and the backend itself). Nevertheless this shows that it
1845	adds very little overhead in itself. Like any select-based backend its	2138	adds very little overhead in itself. Like any select-based backend its
…		…
1919	In this benchmark, we use 10000 socket pairs (20000 sockets), of which 100	2212	In this benchmark, we use 10000 socket pairs (20000 sockets), of which 100
1920	(1%) are active. This mirrors the activity of large servers with many	2213	(1%) are active. This mirrors the activity of large servers with many
1921	connections, most of which are idle at any one point in time.	2214	connections, most of which are idle at any one point in time.
1922		2215
1923	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench2> in the AnyEvent	2216	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench2> in the AnyEvent
1924	distribution.	2217	distribution. It uses the L<AE> interface, which makes a real difference
		2218	for the EV and Perl backends only.
1925		2219
1926	=head3 Explanation of the columns	2220	=head3 Explanation of the columns
1927		2221
1928	I<sockets> is the number of sockets, and twice the number of "servers" (as	2222	I<sockets> is the number of sockets, and twice the number of "servers" (as
1929	each server has a read and write socket end).	2223	each server has a read and write socket end).
…		…
1937	a new one that moves the timeout into the future.	2231	a new one that moves the timeout into the future.
1938		2232
1939	=head3 Results	2233	=head3 Results
1940		2234
1941	name sockets create request	2235	name sockets create request
1942	EV 20000 69.01 11.16	2236	EV 20000 62.66 7.99
1943	Perl 20000 73.32 35.87	2237	Perl 20000 68.32 32.64
1944	IOAsync 20000 157.00 98.14 epoll	2238	IOAsync 20000 174.06 101.15 epoll
1945	IOAsync 20000 159.31 616.06 poll	2239	IOAsync 20000 174.67 610.84 poll
1946	Event 20000 212.62 257.32	2240	Event 20000 202.69 242.91
1947	Glib 20000 651.16 1896.30	2241	Glib 20000 557.01 1689.52
1948	POE 20000 349.67 12317.24 uses POE::Loop::Event	2242	POE 20000 341.54 12086.32 uses POE::Loop::Event
1949		2243
1950	=head3 Discussion	2244	=head3 Discussion
1951		2245
1952	This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the	2246	This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the
1953	particular event loop.	2247	particular event loop.
…		…
2079	As you can see, the AnyEvent + EV combination even beats the	2373	As you can see, the AnyEvent + EV combination even beats the
2080	hand-optimised "raw sockets benchmark", while AnyEvent + its pure perl	2374	hand-optimised "raw sockets benchmark", while AnyEvent + its pure perl
2081	backend easily beats IO::Lambda and POE.	2375	backend easily beats IO::Lambda and POE.
2082		2376
2083	And even the 100% non-blocking version written using the high-level (and	2377	And even the 100% non-blocking version written using the high-level (and
2084	slow :) L<AnyEvent::Handle> abstraction beats both POE and IO::Lambda by a	2378	slow :) L<AnyEvent::Handle> abstraction beats both POE and IO::Lambda
2085	large margin, even though it does all of DNS, tcp-connect and socket I/O	2379	higher level ("unoptimised") abstractions by a large margin, even though
2086	in a non-blocking way.	2380	it does all of DNS, tcp-connect and socket I/O in a non-blocking way.
2087		2381
2088	The two AnyEvent benchmarks programs can be found as F<eg/ae0.pl> and	2382	The two AnyEvent benchmarks programs can be found as F<eg/ae0.pl> and
2089	F<eg/ae2.pl> in the AnyEvent distribution, the remaining benchmarks are	2383	F<eg/ae2.pl> in the AnyEvent distribution, the remaining benchmarks are
2090	part of the IO::lambda distribution and were used without any changes.	2384	part of the IO::Lambda distribution and were used without any changes.
2091		2385
2092		2386
2093	=head1 SIGNALS	2387	=head1 SIGNALS
2094		2388
2095	AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals:	2389	AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals:
…		…
2129	if $SIG{CHLD} eq 'IGNORE';	2423	if $SIG{CHLD} eq 'IGNORE';
2130		2424
2131	$SIG{PIPE} = sub { }	2425	$SIG{PIPE} = sub { }
2132	unless defined $SIG{PIPE};	2426	unless defined $SIG{PIPE};
2133		2427
		2428	=head1 RECOMMENDED/OPTIONAL MODULES
		2429
		2430	One of AnyEvent's main goals is to be 100% Pure-Perl(tm): only perl (and
		2431	it's built-in modules) are required to use it.
		2432
		2433	That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional
		2434	modules if they are installed.
		2435
		2436	This section epxlains which additional modules will be used, and how they
		2437	affect AnyEvent's operetion.
		2438
		2439	=over 4
		2440
		2441	=item L<Async::Interrupt>
		2442
		2443	This slightly arcane module is used to implement fast signal handling: To
		2444	my knowledge, there is no way to do completely race-free and quick
		2445	signal handling in pure perl. To ensure that signals still get
		2446	delivered, AnyEvent will start an interval timer to wake up perl (and
		2447	catch the signals) with some delay (default is 10 seconds, look for
		2448	C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>).
		2449
		2450	If this module is available, then it will be used to implement signal
		2451	catching, which means that signals will not be delayed, and the event loop
		2452	will not be interrupted regularly, which is more efficient (And good for
		2453	battery life on laptops).
		2454
		2455	This affects not just the pure-perl event loop, but also other event loops
		2456	that have no signal handling on their own (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt).
		2457
		2458	Some event loops (POE, Event, Event::Lib) offer signal watchers natively,
		2459	and either employ their own workarounds (POE) or use AnyEvent's workaround
		2460	(using C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>). Installing L<Async::Interrupt>
		2461	does nothing for those backends.
		2462
		2463	=item L<EV>
		2464
		2465	This module isn't really "optional", as it is simply one of the backend
		2466	event loops that AnyEvent can use. However, it is simply the best event
		2467	loop available in terms of features, speed and stability: It supports
		2468	the AnyEvent API optimally, implements all the watcher types in XS, does
		2469	automatic timer adjustments even when no monotonic clock is available,
		2470	can take avdantage of advanced kernel interfaces such as C<epoll> and
		2471	C<kqueue>, and is the fastest backend I<by far>. You can even embed
		2472	L<Glib>/L<Gtk2> in it (or vice versa, see L<EV::Glib> and L<Glib::EV>).
		2473
		2474	=item L<Guard>
		2475
		2476	The guard module, when used, will be used to implement
		2477	C<AnyEvent::Util::guard>. This speeds up guards considerably (and uses a
		2478	lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is
		2479	purely used for performance.
		2480
		2481	=item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS>
		2482
		2483	One of these modules is required when you want to read or write JSON data
		2484	via L<AnyEvent::Handle>. It is also written in pure-perl, but can take
		2485	advantage of the ultra-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed.
		2486
		2487	In fact, L<AnyEvent::Handle> will use L<JSON::XS> by default if it is
		2488	installed.
		2489
		2490	=item L<Net::SSLeay>
		2491
		2492	Implementing TLS/SSL in Perl is certainly interesting, but not very
		2493	worthwhile: If this module is installed, then L<AnyEvent::Handle> (with
		2494	the help of L<AnyEvent::TLS>), gains the ability to do TLS/SSL.
		2495
		2496	=item L<Time::HiRes>
		2497
		2498	This module is part of perl since release 5.008. It will be used when the
		2499	chosen event library does not come with a timing source on it's own. The
		2500	pure-perl event loop (L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) will additionally use it to
		2501	try to use a monotonic clock for timing stability.
		2502
		2503	=back
		2504
		2505
2134	=head1 FORK	2506	=head1 FORK
2135		2507
2136	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are	2508	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are
2137	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll>	2509	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll>
2138	calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware.	2510	calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware.
2139		2511
2140	If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first	2512	If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first
2141	watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child.	2513	watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child OR you must do
		2514	something completely out of the scope of AnyEvent.
2142		2515
2143		2516
2144	=head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS	2517	=head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
2145		2518
2146	AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via	2519	AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via
…		…
2184	L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>.	2557	L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>.
2185		2558
2186	Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>,	2559	Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>,
2187	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>,	2560	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>,
2188	L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>,	2561	L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>,
2189	L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>.	2562	L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>, L<Anyevent::Impl::Irssi>.
2190		2563
2191	Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and	2564	Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and
2192	servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>.	2565	servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>.
2193		2566
2194	Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>.	2567	Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>.

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Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents): Revision 1.238 by root, Thu Jul 16 03:48:33 2009 UTC vs. Revision 1.297 by root, Thu Nov 19 01:55:57 2009 UTC

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Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.238 by root, Thu Jul 16 03:48:33 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.297 by root, Thu Nov 19 01:55:57 2009 UTC