[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm

Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.208 by root, Sun Apr 26 18:12:53 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.244 by root, Fri Jul 17 23:15:57 2009 UTC

…		…
1	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
2		2
3	AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops	3	AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops
4		4
5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt, POE - various supported event loops	5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt and POE are various supported
		6	event loops.
6		7
7	=head1 SYNOPSIS	8	=head1 SYNOPSIS
8		9
9	use AnyEvent;	10	use AnyEvent;
10		11
175	=head2 I/O WATCHERS	176	=head2 I/O WATCHERS
176		177
177	You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method	178	You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method
178	with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:	179	with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:
179		180
180	C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (I<not> file descriptor) to watch	181	C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch
181	for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file	182	for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file
182	handle). Note that only file handles pointing to things for which	183	handle). Note that only file handles pointing to things for which
183	non-blocking operation makes sense are allowed. This includes sockets,	184	non-blocking operation makes sense are allowed. This includes sockets,
184	most character devices, pipes, fifos and so on, but not for example files	185	most character devices, pipes, fifos and so on, but not for example files
185	or block devices.	186	or block devices.
…		…
360	invocation, and callback invocation will be synchronous. Synchronous means	361	invocation, and callback invocation will be synchronous. Synchronous means
361	that it might take a while until the signal gets handled by the process,	362	that it might take a while until the signal gets handled by the process,
362	but it is guaranteed not to interrupt any other callbacks.	363	but it is guaranteed not to interrupt any other callbacks.
363		364
364	The main advantage of using these watchers is that you can share a signal	365	The main advantage of using these watchers is that you can share a signal
365	between multiple watchers.	366	between multiple watchers, and AnyEvent will ensure that signals will not
		367	interrupt your program at bad times.
366		368
367	This watcher might use C<%SIG>, so programs overwriting those signals	369	This watcher might use C<%SIG> (depending on the event loop used),
368	directly will likely not work correctly.	370	so programs overwriting those signals directly will likely not work
		371	correctly.
		372
		373	Also note that many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not
		374	support attaching callbacks to signals, which is a pity, as you cannot do
		375	race-free signal handling in perl. AnyEvent will try to do it's best, but
		376	in some cases, signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might
		377	be delayed is specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10
		378	seconds). This variable can be changed only before the first signal
		379	watcher is created, and should be left alone otherwise. Higher values
		380	will cause fewer spurious wake-ups, which is better for power and CPU
		381	saving. All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional
		382	L<Async::Interrupt> module.
369		383
370	Example: exit on SIGINT	384	Example: exit on SIGINT
371		385
372	my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 });	386	my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 });
373		387
…		…
391		405
392	There is a slight catch to child watchers, however: you usually start them	406	There is a slight catch to child watchers, however: you usually start them
393	I<after> the child process was created, and this means the process could	407	I<after> the child process was created, and this means the process could
394	have exited already (and no SIGCHLD will be sent anymore).	408	have exited already (and no SIGCHLD will be sent anymore).
395		409
396	Not all event models handle this correctly (POE doesn't), but even for	410	Not all event models handle this correctly (neither POE nor IO::Async do,
		411	see their AnyEvent::Impl manpages for details), but even for event models
397	event models that I<do> handle this correctly, they usually need to be	412	that I<do> handle this correctly, they usually need to be loaded before
398	loaded before the process exits (i.e. before you fork in the first place).	413	the process exits (i.e. before you fork in the first place). AnyEvent's
		414	pure perl event loop handles all cases correctly regardless of when you
		415	start the watcher.
399		416
400	This means you cannot create a child watcher as the very first thing in an	417	This means you cannot create a child watcher as the very first
401	AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one watcher before you	418	thing in an AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one
402	C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call C<AnyEvent::detect>).	419	watcher before you C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call
		420	C<AnyEvent::detect>).
		421
		422	As most event loops do not support waiting for child events, they will be
		423	emulated by AnyEvent in most cases, in which the latency and race problems
		424	mentioned in the description of signal watchers apply.
403		425
404	Example: fork a process and wait for it	426	Example: fork a process and wait for it
405		427
406	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;	428	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;
407		429
…		…
458		480
459	If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them	481	If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them
460	require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that	482	require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that
461	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.	483	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.
462		484
463	AnyEvent is different, it expects somebody else to run the event loop and	485	AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event
464	will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user).	486	loop and will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user).
465		487
466	The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called	488	The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called
467	because they represent a condition that must become true.	489	because they represent a condition that must become true.
468		490
		491	Now is probably a good time to look at the examples further below.
		492
469	Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar	493	Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar
470	>> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is	494	>> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is
471
472	C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable	495	C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable
473	becomes true, with the condition variable as the first argument (but not	496	becomes true, with the condition variable as the first argument (but not
474	the results).	497	the results).
475		498
476	After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true"	499	After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true"
…		…
525	after => 1,	548	after => 1,
526	cb => sub { $result_ready->send },	549	cb => sub { $result_ready->send },
527	);	550	);
528		551
529	# this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback	552	# this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback
530	# calls send	553	# calls -<send
531	$result_ready->recv;	554	$result_ready->recv;
532		555
533	Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that	556	Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition
534	condition variables are also code references.	557	variables are also callable directly.
535		558
536	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;	559	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;
537	my $delay = AnyEvent->timer (after => 5, cb => $done);	560	my $delay = AnyEvent->timer (after => 5, cb => $done);
538	$done->recv;	561	$done->recv;
539		562
…		…
545		568
546	...	569	...
547		570
548	my @info = $couchdb->info->recv;	571	my @info = $couchdb->info->recv;
549		572
550	And this is how you would just ste a callback to be called whenever the	573	And this is how you would just set a callback to be called whenever the
551	results are available:	574	results are available:
552		575
553	$couchdb->info->cb (sub {	576	$couchdb->info->cb (sub {
554	my @info = $_[0]->recv;	577	my @info = $_[0]->recv;
555	});	578	});
…		…
573	immediately from within send.	596	immediately from within send.
574		597
575	Any arguments passed to the C<send> call will be returned by all	598	Any arguments passed to the C<send> call will be returned by all
576	future C<< ->recv >> calls.	599	future C<< ->recv >> calls.
577		600
578	Condition variables are overloaded so one can call them directly	601	Condition variables are overloaded so one can call them directly (as if
579	(as a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling	602	they were a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling
580	C<send>. Note, however, that many C-based event loops do not handle	603	C<send>.
581	overloading, so as tempting as it may be, passing a condition variable
582	instead of a callback does not work. Both the pure perl and EV loops
583	support overloading, however, as well as all functions that use perl to
584	invoke a callback (as in L<AnyEvent::Socket> and L<AnyEvent::DNS> for
585	example).
586		604
587	=item $cv->croak ($error)	605	=item $cv->croak ($error)
588		606
589	Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke	607	Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke
590	C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar.	608	C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar.
591		609
592	This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable	610	This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable
593	user/consumer.	611	user/consumer. Doing it this way instead of calling C<croak> directly
		612	delays the error detetcion, but has the overwhelmign advantage that it
		613	diagnoses the error at the place where the result is expected, and not
		614	deep in some event clalback without connection to the actual code causing
		615	the problem.
594		616
595	=item $cv->begin ([group callback])	617	=item $cv->begin ([group callback])
596		618
597	=item $cv->end	619	=item $cv->end
598
599	These two methods are EXPERIMENTAL and MIGHT CHANGE.
600		620
601	These two methods can be used to combine many transactions/events into	621	These two methods can be used to combine many transactions/events into
602	one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want	622	one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want
603	to use a condition variable for the whole process.	623	to use a condition variable for the whole process.
604		624
…		…
606	C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end	626	C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end
607	>>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback	627	>>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback
608	is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no	628	is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no
609	callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments.	629	callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments.
610		630
611	Let's clarify this with the ping example:	631	You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call
		632	sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND
		633	condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends).
		634
		635	Let's start with a simple example: you have two I/O watchers (for example,
		636	STDOUT and STDERR for a program), and you want to wait for both streams to
		637	close before activating a condvar:
		638
		639	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
		640
		641	$cv->begin; # first watcher
		642	my $w1 = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh1, cb => sub {
		643	defined sysread $fh1, my $buf, 4096
		644	or $cv->end;
		645	});
		646
		647	$cv->begin; # second watcher
		648	my $w2 = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh2, cb => sub {
		649	defined sysread $fh2, my $buf, 4096
		650	or $cv->end;
		651	});
		652
		653	$cv->recv;
		654
		655	This works because for every event source (EOF on file handle), there is
		656	one call to C<begin>, so the condvar waits for all calls to C<end> before
		657	sending.
		658
		659	The ping example mentioned above is slightly more complicated, as the
		660	there are results to be passwd back, and the number of tasks that are
		661	begung can potentially be zero:
612		662
613	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	663	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
614		664
615	my %result;	665	my %result;
616	$cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) });	666	$cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) });
…		…
636	loop, which serves two important purposes: first, it sets the callback	686	loop, which serves two important purposes: first, it sets the callback
637	to be called once the counter reaches C<0>, and second, it ensures that	687	to be called once the counter reaches C<0>, and second, it ensures that
638	C<send> is called even when C<no> hosts are being pinged (the loop	688	C<send> is called even when C<no> hosts are being pinged (the loop
639	doesn't execute once).	689	doesn't execute once).
640		690
641	This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple subrequests:	691	This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple (but
642	use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set the callback and ensure C<end>	692	potentially none) subrequests: use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set
643	is called at least once, and then, for each subrequest you start, call	693	the callback and ensure C<end> is called at least once, and then, for each
644	C<begin> and for each subrequest you finish, call C<end>.	694	subrequest you start, call C<begin> and for each subrequest you finish,
		695	call C<end>.
645		696
646	=back	697	=back
647		698
648	=head3 METHODS FOR CONSUMERS	699	=head3 METHODS FOR CONSUMERS
649		700
…		…
665	function will call C<croak>.	716	function will call C<croak>.
666		717
667	In list context, all parameters passed to C<send> will be returned,	718	In list context, all parameters passed to C<send> will be returned,
668	in scalar context only the first one will be returned.	719	in scalar context only the first one will be returned.
669		720
		721	Note that doing a blocking wait in a callback is not supported by any
		722	event loop, that is, recursive invocation of a blocking C<< ->recv
		723	>> is not allowed, and the C<recv> call will C<croak> if such a
		724	condition is detected. This condition can be slightly loosened by using
		725	L<Coro::AnyEvent>, which allows you to do a blocking C<< ->recv >> from
		726	any thread that doesn't run the event loop itself.
		727
670	Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case	728	Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case
671	(programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are	729	(programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are
672	using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>, but let the	730	using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>. Instead, let the
673	caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling	731	caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling
674	condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting	732	condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting
675	callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block,	733	callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block,
676	while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires).	734	while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires).
677		735
678	Another reason I<never> to C<< ->recv >> in a module is that you cannot
679	sensibly have two C<< ->recv >>'s in parallel, as that would require
680	multiple interpreters or coroutines/threads, none of which C<AnyEvent>
681	can supply.
682
683	The L<Coro> module, however, I<can> and I<does> supply coroutines and, in
684	fact, L<Coro::AnyEvent> replaces AnyEvent's condvars by coroutine-safe
685	versions and also integrates coroutines into AnyEvent, making blocking
686	C<< ->recv >> calls perfectly safe as long as they are done from another
687	coroutine (one that doesn't run the event loop).
688
689	You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and	736	You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and
690	only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later	737	only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later
691	time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking	738	time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking
692	waits otherwise.	739	waits otherwise.
693		740
…		…
706	variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time	753	variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time
707	is guaranteed not to block.	754	is guaranteed not to block.
708		755
709	=back	756	=back
710		757
		758	=head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS
		759
		760	The available backend classes are (every class has its own manpage):
		761
		762	=over 4
		763
		764	=item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found.
		765
		766	EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in
		767	use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will try Event, and, failing
		768	that, will fall back to its own pure-perl implementation, which is
		769	available everywhere as it comes with AnyEvent itself.
		770
		771	AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice).
		772	AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches.
		773	AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable.
		774
		775	=item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used.
		776
		777	These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher
		778	is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using
		779	them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend
		780	when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to
		781	create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program.
		782
		783	AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable.
		784	AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken.
		785	AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.
		786	AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations.
		787
		788	=item Backends with special needs.
		789
		790	Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will
		791	otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program
		792	instantiates the application before any AnyEvent watchers are created,
		793	everything should just work.
		794
		795	AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt.
		796
		797	Support for IO::Async can only be partial, as it is too broken and
		798	architecturally limited to even support the AnyEvent API. It also
		799	is the only event loop that needs the loop to be set explicitly, so
		800	it can only be used by a main program knowing about AnyEvent. See
		801	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Async> for the gory details.
		802
		803	AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync based on IO::Async, cannot be autoprobed.
		804
		805	=item Event loops that are indirectly supported via other backends.
		806
		807	Some event loops can be supported via other modules:
		808
		809	There is no direct support for WxWidgets (L<Wx>) or L<Prima>.
		810
		811	B<WxWidgets> has no support for watching file handles. However, you can
		812	use WxWidgets through the POE adaptor, as POE has a Wx backend that simply
		813	polls 20 times per second, which was considered to be too horrible to even
		814	consider for AnyEvent.
		815
		816	B<Prima> is not supported as nobody seems to be using it, but it has a POE
		817	backend, so it can be supported through POE.
		818
		819	AnyEvent knows about both L<Prima> and L<Wx>, however, and will try to
		820	load L<POE> when detecting them, in the hope that POE will pick them up,
		821	in which case everything will be automatic.
		822
		823	=back
		824
711	=head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS	825	=head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS
712		826
		827	These are not normally required to use AnyEvent, but can be useful to
		828	write AnyEvent extension modules.
		829
713	=over 4	830	=over 4
714		831
715	=item $AnyEvent::MODEL	832	=item $AnyEvent::MODEL
716		833
717	Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created. Then it	834	Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created, before the
		835	backend has been autodetected.
		836
718	contains the event model that is being used, which is the name of the	837	Afterwards it contains the event model that is being used, which is the
719	Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one of the	838	name of the Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one
720	C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the case	839	of the C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the
721	AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode>).	840	case AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode> it
722		841	will be C<urxvt::anyevent>).
723	The known classes so far are:
724
725	AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (an interface to libev, best choice).
726	AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, second best choice.
727	AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable.
728	AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, third-best choice.
729	AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very bad choice.
730	AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt, cannot be autoprobed (see its docs).
731	AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.
732	AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, not generic enough for full support.
733
734	There is no support for WxWidgets, as WxWidgets has no support for
735	watching file handles. However, you can use WxWidgets through the
736	POE Adaptor, as POE has a Wx backend that simply polls 20 times per
737	second, which was considered to be too horrible to even consider for
738	AnyEvent. Likewise, other POE backends can be used by AnyEvent by using
739	it's adaptor.
740
741	AnyEvent knows about L<Prima> and L<Wx> and will try to use L<POE> when
742	autodetecting them.
743		842
744	=item AnyEvent::detect	843	=item AnyEvent::detect
745		844
746	Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model	845	Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model
747	if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would	846	if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would
748	have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at	847	have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at
749	runtime.	848	runtime, and not e.g. while initialising of your module.
		849
		850	If you need to do some initialisation before AnyEvent watchers are
		851	created, use C<post_detect>.
750		852
751	=item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }	853	=item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }
752		854
753	Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is	855	Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is
754	autodetected (or immediately if this has already happened).	856	autodetected (or immediately if this has already happened).
		857
		858	The block will be executed I<after> the actual backend has been detected
		859	(C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> is set), but I<before> any watchers have been
		860	created, so it is possible to e.g. patch C<@AnyEvent::ISA> or do
		861	other initialisations - see the sources of L<AnyEvent::Strict> or
		862	L<AnyEvent::AIO> to see how this is used.
		863
		864	The most common usage is to create some global watchers, without forcing
		865	event module detection too early, for example, L<AnyEvent::AIO> creates
		866	and installs the global L<IO::AIO> watcher in a C<post_detect> block to
		867	avoid autodetecting the event module at load time.
755		868
756	If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object	869	If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object
757	that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed. See	870	that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed. See
758	L<Coro::BDB> for a case where this is useful.	871	L<Coro::BDB> for a case where this is useful.
759		872
…		…
762	If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it	875	If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it
763	before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after	876	before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after
764	the event loop has been chosen.	877	the event loop has been chosen.
765		878
766	You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though:	879	You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though:
767	if it contains a true value then the event loop has already been detected,	880	if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the
768	and the array will be ignored.	881	array will be ignored.
769		882
770	Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> instead.	883	Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> when your application allows
		884	it,as it takes care of these details.
		885
		886	This variable is mainly useful for modules that can do something useful
		887	when AnyEvent is used and thus want to know when it is initialised, but do
		888	not need to even load it by default. This array provides the means to hook
		889	into AnyEvent passively, without loading it.
771		890
772	=back	891	=back
773		892
774	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE	893	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE
775		894
…		…
830		949
831		950
832	=head1 OTHER MODULES	951	=head1 OTHER MODULES
833		952
834	The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use	953	The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use
835	AnyEvent and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent modules	954	AnyEvent as a client and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent
836	in the same program. Some of the modules come with AnyEvent, some are	955	modules and other event loops in the same program. Some of the modules
837	available via CPAN.	956	come with AnyEvent, most are available via CPAN.
838		957
839	=over 4	958	=over 4
840		959
841	=item L<AnyEvent::Util>	960	=item L<AnyEvent::Util>
842		961
…		…
851		970
852	=item L<AnyEvent::Handle>	971	=item L<AnyEvent::Handle>
853		972
854	Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes,	973	Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes,
855	supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and	974	supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and
856	non-blocking SSL/TLS.	975	non-blocking SSL/TLS (via L<AnyEvent::TLS>.
857		976
858	=item L<AnyEvent::DNS>	977	=item L<AnyEvent::DNS>
859		978
860	Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities.	979	Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities.
861		980
…		…
889		1008
890	=item L<AnyEvent::GPSD>	1009	=item L<AnyEvent::GPSD>
891		1010
892	A non-blocking interface to gpsd, a daemon delivering GPS information.	1011	A non-blocking interface to gpsd, a daemon delivering GPS information.
893		1012
		1013	=item L<AnyEvent::IRC>
		1014
		1015	AnyEvent based IRC client module family (replacing the older Net::IRC3).
		1016
		1017	=item L<AnyEvent::XMPP>
		1018
		1019	AnyEvent based XMPP (Jabber protocol) module family (replacing the older
		1020	Net::XMPP2>.
		1021
894	=item L<AnyEvent::IGS>	1022	=item L<AnyEvent::IGS>
895		1023
896	A non-blocking interface to the Internet Go Server protocol (used by	1024	A non-blocking interface to the Internet Go Server protocol (used by
897	L<App::IGS>).	1025	L<App::IGS>).
898		1026
899	=item L<AnyEvent::IRC>
900
901	AnyEvent based IRC client module family (replacing the older Net::IRC3).
902
903	=item L<Net::XMPP2>
904
905	AnyEvent based XMPP (Jabber protocol) module family.
906
907	=item L<Net::FCP>	1027	=item L<Net::FCP>
908		1028
909	AnyEvent-based implementation of the Freenet Client Protocol, birthplace	1029	AnyEvent-based implementation of the Freenet Client Protocol, birthplace
910	of AnyEvent.	1030	of AnyEvent.
911		1031
…		…
915		1035
916	=item L<Coro>	1036	=item L<Coro>
917		1037
918	Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>.	1038	Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>.
919		1039
920	=item L<IO::Lambda>
921
922	The lambda approach to I/O - don't ask, look there. Can use AnyEvent.
923
924	=back	1040	=back
925		1041
926	=cut	1042	=cut
927		1043
928	package AnyEvent;	1044	package AnyEvent;
929		1045
		1046	# basically a tuned-down version of common::sense
		1047	sub common_sense {
930	no warnings;	1048	# no warnings
		1049	${^WARNING_BITS} ^= ${^WARNING_BITS};
931	use strict qw(vars subs);	1050	# use strict vars subs
		1051	$^H \|= 0x00000600;
		1052	}
932		1053
		1054	BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		1055
933	use Carp;	1056	use Carp ();
934		1057
935	our $VERSION = 4.4;	1058	our $VERSION = 4.83;
936	our $MODEL;	1059	our $MODEL;
937		1060
938	our $AUTOLOAD;	1061	our $AUTOLOAD;
939	our @ISA;	1062	our @ISA;
940		1063
941	our @REGISTRY;	1064	our @REGISTRY;
942		1065
943	our $WIN32;	1066	our $WIN32;
944		1067
		1068	our $VERBOSE;
		1069
945	BEGIN {	1070	BEGIN {
946	my $win32 = ! ! ($^O =~ /mswin32/i);	1071	eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }";
947	eval "sub WIN32(){ $win32 }";	1072	eval "sub TAINT(){ " . (${^TAINT}*1) . " }";
948	}
949		1073
		1074	delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV}
		1075	if ${^TAINT};
		1076
950	our $verbose = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1;	1077	$VERBOSE = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1;
		1078
		1079	}
		1080
		1081	our $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY = 10;
951		1082
952	our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4\|ipv6) => (1\|2), higher numbers are preferred	1083	our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4\|ipv6) => (1\|2), higher numbers are preferred
953		1084
954	{	1085	{
955	my $idx;	1086	my $idx;
…		…
963	[Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::],	1094	[Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::],
964	[AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::],	1095	[AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::],
965	# everything below here will not be autoprobed	1096	# everything below here will not be autoprobed
966	# as the pureperl backend should work everywhere	1097	# as the pureperl backend should work everywhere
967	# and is usually faster	1098	# and is usually faster
968	[Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles
969	[Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers	1099	[Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers
970	[Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy	1100	[Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy
		1101	[Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles
971	[Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program	1102	[Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program
972	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza	1103	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza
973	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],	1104	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
974	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],	1105	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
		1106	# IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its
		1107	# byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others.
		1108	# IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any
		1109	# obvious default class.
		1110	# [IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
		1111	# [IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
		1112	# [IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
975	);	1113	);
976		1114
977	our %method = map +($_ => 1),	1115	our %method = map +($_ => 1),
978	qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY);	1116	qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY);
979		1117
…		…
999	@post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect;	1137	@post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect;
1000	}	1138	}
1001		1139
1002	sub detect() {	1140	sub detect() {
1003	unless ($MODEL) {	1141	unless ($MODEL) {
1004	no strict 'refs';
1005	local $SIG{__DIE__};	1142	local $SIG{__DIE__};
1006		1143
1007	if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) {	1144	if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) {
1008	my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1";	1145	my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1";
1009	if (eval "require $model") {	1146	if (eval "require $model") {
1010	$MODEL = $model;	1147	$MODEL = $model;
1011	warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL), using it.\n" if $verbose > 1;	1148	warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}), using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1012	} else {	1149	} else {
1013	warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL):\n$@" if $verbose;	1150	warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}):\n$@" if $VERBOSE;
1014	}	1151	}
1015	}	1152	}
1016		1153
1017	# check for already loaded models	1154	# check for already loaded models
1018	unless ($MODEL) {	1155	unless ($MODEL) {
1019	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {	1156	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1020	my ($package, $model) = @$_;	1157	my ($package, $model) = @$_;
1021	if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) {	1158	if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) {
1022	if (eval "require $model") {	1159	if (eval "require $model") {
1023	$MODEL = $model;	1160	$MODEL = $model;
1024	warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $verbose > 1;	1161	warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1025	last;	1162	last;
1026	}	1163	}
1027	}	1164	}
1028	}	1165	}
1029		1166
…		…
1034	my ($package, $model) = @$_;	1171	my ($package, $model) = @$_;
1035	if (eval "require $package"	1172	if (eval "require $package"
1036	and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0	1173	and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0
1037	and eval "require $model") {	1174	and eval "require $model") {
1038	$MODEL = $model;	1175	$MODEL = $model;
1039	warn "AnyEvent: autoprobed model '$model', using it.\n" if $verbose > 1;	1176	warn "AnyEvent: autoprobed model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1040	last;	1177	last;
1041	}	1178	}
1042	}	1179	}
1043		1180
1044	$MODEL	1181	$MODEL
…		…
1060		1197
1061	sub AUTOLOAD {	1198	sub AUTOLOAD {
1062	(my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://;	1199	(my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://;
1063		1200
1064	$method{$func}	1201	$method{$func}
1065	or croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects";	1202	or Carp::croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects";
1066		1203
1067	detect unless $MODEL;	1204	detect unless $MODEL;
1068		1205
1069	my $class = shift;	1206	my $class = shift;
1070	$class->$func (@_);	1207	$class->$func (@_);
1071	}	1208	}
1072		1209
1073	# utility function to dup a filehandle. this is used by many backends	1210	# utility function to dup a filehandle. this is used by many backends
1074	# to support binding more than one watcher per filehandle (they usually	1211	# to support binding more than one watcher per filehandle (they usually
1075	# allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one).	1212	# allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one).
1076	sub _dupfh($$$$) {	1213	sub _dupfh($$;$$) {
1077	my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_;	1214	my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_;
1078		1215
1079	# cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't	1216	# cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't
1080	my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<")	1217	my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<&") : ($w, ">&");
1081	: $poll eq "w" ? ($w, ">")
1082	: Carp::croak "AnyEvent->io requires poll set to either 'r' or 'w'";
1083		1218
1084	open my $fh2, "$mode&" . fileno $fh	1219	open my $fh2, $mode, $fh
1085	or die "cannot dup() filehandle: $!,";	1220	or die "AnyEvent->io: cannot dup() filehandle in mode '$poll': $!,";
1086		1221
1087	# we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases	1222	# we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases
1088		1223
1089	($fh2, $rw)	1224	($fh2, $rw)
1090	}	1225	}
1091		1226
1092	package AnyEvent::Base;	1227	package AnyEvent::Base;
1093		1228
1094	# default implementations for many methods	1229	# default implementations for many methods
1095		1230
1096	BEGIN {	1231	sub _time {
		1232	# probe for availability of Time::HiRes
1097	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {	1233	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {
		1234	warn "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1098	*_time = \&Time::HiRes::time;	1235	*_time = \&Time::HiRes::time;
1099	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...	1236	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...
1100	} else {	1237	} else {
		1238	warn "AnyEvent: using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!\n" if $VERBOSE;
1101	*_time = sub { time }; # epic fail	1239	*_time = sub { time }; # epic fail
1102	}	1240	}
		1241
		1242	&_time
1103	}	1243	}
1104		1244
1105	sub time { _time }	1245	sub time { _time }
1106	sub now { _time }	1246	sub now { _time }
1107	sub now_update { }	1247	sub now_update { }
…		…
1112	bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"	1252	bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"
1113	}	1253	}
1114		1254
1115	# default implementation for ->signal	1255	# default implementation for ->signal
1116		1256
		1257	our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;
1117	our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO);	1258	our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO);
		1259	our (%SIG_ASY, %SIG_ASY_W);
		1260	our ($SIG_COUNT, $SIG_TW);
1118		1261
1119	sub _signal_exec {	1262	sub _signal_exec {
		1263	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1264	? $SIGPIPE_R->drain
1120	sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 4;	1265	: sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 9;
1121		1266
1122	while (%SIG_EV) {	1267	while (%SIG_EV) {
1123	for (keys %SIG_EV) {	1268	for (keys %SIG_EV) {
1124	delete $SIG_EV{$_};	1269	delete $SIG_EV{$_};
1125	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} \|\| {} };	1270	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} \|\| {} };
1126	}	1271	}
1127	}	1272	}
1128	}	1273	}
1129		1274
		1275	sub _signal {
		1276	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
		1277
		1278	my $signal = uc $arg{signal}
		1279	or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing";
		1280
		1281	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
		1282
		1283	if ($HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT) {
		1284	# async::interrupt
		1285
		1286	$SIG_ASY{$signal} \|\|= do {
		1287	my $asy = new Async::Interrupt
		1288	cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} },
		1289	signal => $signal,
		1290	pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos],
		1291	;
		1292	$asy->pipe_autodrain (0);
		1293
		1294	$asy
		1295	};
		1296
		1297	} else {
		1298	# pure perl
		1299
		1300	$SIG{$signal} \|\|= sub {
		1301	local $!;
		1302	syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV;
		1303	undef $SIG_EV{$signal};
		1304	};
		1305
		1306	# can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl,
		1307	# so limit the signal latency.
		1308	++$SIG_COUNT;
		1309	$SIG_TW \|\|= AnyEvent->timer (
		1310	after => $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY,
		1311	interval => $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY,
		1312	cb => sub { }, # just for the PERL_ASYNC_CHECK
		1313	);
		1314	}
		1315
		1316	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"
		1317	}
		1318
1130	sub signal {	1319	sub signal {
1131	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1320	# probe for availability of Async::Interrupt
		1321	if (!$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT} && eval "use Async::Interrupt 0.6 (); 1") {
		1322	warn "AnyEvent: using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1132		1323
1133	unless ($SIGPIPE_R) {	1324	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT = 1;
		1325	$SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe;
		1326	$SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec);
		1327
		1328	} else {
		1329	warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
		1330
1134	require Fcntl;	1331	require Fcntl;
1135		1332
1136	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {	1333	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {
1137	require AnyEvent::Util;	1334	require AnyEvent::Util;
1138		1335
…		…
1141	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case	1338	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
1142	} else {	1339	} else {
1143	pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W;	1340	pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W;
1144	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R;	1341	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R;
1145	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case	1342	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
		1343
		1344	# not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure...
		1345	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
		1346	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
1146	}	1347	}
1147		1348
1148	$SIGPIPE_R	1349	$SIGPIPE_R
1149	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";	1350	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";
1150		1351
1151	# not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure...
1152	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
1153	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
1154
1155	$SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec);	1352	$SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec);
1156	}	1353	}
1157		1354
1158	my $signal = uc $arg{signal}	1355	*signal = \&_signal;
1159	or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing";	1356	&signal
1160
1161	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
1162	$SIG{$signal} \|\|= sub {
1163	local $!;
1164	syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV;
1165	undef $SIG_EV{$signal};
1166	};
1167
1168	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"
1169	}	1357	}
1170		1358
1171	sub AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY {	1359	sub AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY {
1172	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};	1360	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
1173		1361
		1362	undef $SIG_TW
		1363	unless --$SIG_COUNT;
		1364
1174	delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};	1365	delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};
1175		1366
		1367	# delete doesn't work with older perls - they then
		1368	# print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit
		1369	# instead of getting the default action.
		1370	undef $SIG{$signal}
1176	delete $SIG{$signal} unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };	1371	unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };
1177	}	1372	}
1178		1373
1179	# default implementation for ->child	1374	# default implementation for ->child
1180		1375
1181	our %PID_CB;	1376	our %PID_CB;
1182	our $CHLD_W;	1377	our $CHLD_W;
1183	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;	1378	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;
1184	our $PID_IDLE;
1185	our $WNOHANG;	1379	our $WNOHANG;
1186		1380
1187	sub _child_wait {	1381	sub _sigchld {
1188	while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) {	1382	while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) {
		1383	$_->($pid, $?)
1189	$_->($pid, $?) for (values %{ $PID_CB{$pid} \|\| {} }),	1384	for values %{ $PID_CB{$pid} \|\| {} },
1190	(values %{ $PID_CB{0} \|\| {} });	1385	values %{ $PID_CB{0} \|\| {} };
1191	}	1386	}
1192
1193	undef $PID_IDLE;
1194	}
1195
1196	sub _sigchld {
1197	# make sure we deliver these changes "synchronous" with the event loop.
1198	$CHLD_DELAY_W \|\|= AnyEvent->timer (after => 0, cb => sub {
1199	undef $CHLD_DELAY_W;
1200	&_child_wait;
1201	});
1202	}	1387	}
1203		1388
1204	sub child {	1389	sub child {
1205	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1390	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
1206		1391
1207	defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0)	1392	defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0)
1208	or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing";	1393	or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing";
1209		1394
1210	$PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};	1395	$PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
1211		1396
1212	unless ($WNOHANG) {	1397	# WNOHANG is almost cetrainly 1 everywhere
		1398	$WNOHANG \|\|= $^O =~ /^(?:openbsd\|netbsd\|linux\|freebsd\|cygwin\|MSWin32)$/
		1399	? 1
1213	$WNOHANG = eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } \|\| 1;	1400	: eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } \|\| 1;
1214	}
1215		1401
1216	unless ($CHLD_W) {	1402	unless ($CHLD_W) {
1217	$CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld);	1403	$CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld);
1218	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round	1404	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round
1219	&_sigchld;	1405	&_sigchld;
…		…
1230		1416
1231	undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB;	1417	undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB;
1232	}	1418	}
1233		1419
1234	# idle emulation is done by simply using a timer, regardless	1420	# idle emulation is done by simply using a timer, regardless
1235	# of whether the proces sis idle or not, and not letting	1421	# of whether the process is idle or not, and not letting
1236	# the callback use more than 50% of the time.	1422	# the callback use more than 50% of the time.
1237	sub idle {	1423	sub idle {
1238	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1424	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
1239		1425
1240	my ($cb, $w, $rcb) = $arg{cb};	1426	my ($cb, $w, $rcb) = $arg{cb};
…		…
1271		1457
1272	our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::;	1458	our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::;
1273		1459
1274	package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base;	1460	package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base;
1275		1461
1276	use overload	1462	#use overload
1277	'&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } },	1463	# '&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } },
1278	fallback => 1;	1464	# fallback => 1;
		1465
		1466	# save 300+ kilobytes by dirtily hardcoding overloading
		1467	${"AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::OVERLOAD"}{dummy}++; # Register with magic by touching.
		1468	*{'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::()'} = sub { }; # "Make it findable via fetchmethod."
		1469	*{'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::(&{}'} = sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } }; # &{}
		1470	${'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::()'} = 1; # fallback
		1471
		1472	our $WAITING;
1279		1473
1280	sub _send {	1474	sub _send {
1281	# nop	1475	# nop
1282	}	1476	}
1283		1477
…		…
1296	sub ready {	1490	sub ready {
1297	$_[0]{_ae_sent}	1491	$_[0]{_ae_sent}
1298	}	1492	}
1299		1493
1300	sub _wait {	1494	sub _wait {
		1495	$WAITING
		1496	and !$_[0]{_ae_sent}
		1497	and Carp::croak "AnyEvent::CondVar: recursive blocking wait detected";
		1498
		1499	local $WAITING = 1;
1301	AnyEvent->one_event while !$_[0]{_ae_sent};	1500	AnyEvent->one_event while !$_[0]{_ae_sent};
1302	}	1501	}
1303		1502
1304	sub recv {	1503	sub recv {
1305	$_[0]->_wait;	1504	$_[0]->_wait;
…		…
1346	so on.	1545	so on.
1347		1546
1348	=head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES	1547	=head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
1349		1548
1350	The following environment variables are used by this module or its	1549	The following environment variables are used by this module or its
1351	submodules:	1550	submodules.
		1551
		1552	Note that AnyEvent will remove I<all> environment variables starting with
		1553	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_> from C<%ENV> when it is loaded while taint mode is
		1554	enabled.
1352		1555
1353	=over 4	1556	=over 4
1354		1557
1355	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE>	1558	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE>
1356		1559
…		…
1363	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>.	1566	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>.
1364		1567
1365	When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event	1568	When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event
1366	model it chooses.	1569	model it chooses.
1367		1570
		1571	When set to C<8> or higher, then AnyEvent will report extra information on
		1572	which optional modules it loads and how it implements certain features.
		1573
1368	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT>	1574	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT>
1369		1575
1370	AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough	1576	AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough
1371	argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value	1577	argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value
1372	will cause AnyEvent to load C<AnyEvent::Strict> and then to thoroughly	1578	will cause AnyEvent to load C<AnyEvent::Strict> and then to thoroughly
1373	check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems	1579	check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems,
1374	it will croak.	1580	it will croak.
1375		1581
1376	In other words, enables "strict" mode.	1582	In other words, enables "strict" mode.
1377		1583
1378	Unlike C<use strict>, it is definitely recommended ot keep it off in	1584	Unlike C<use strict> (or it's modern cousin, C<< use L<common::sense>
1379	production. Keeping C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while	1585	>>, it is definitely recommended to keep it off in production. Keeping
1380	developing programs can be very useful, however.	1586	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while developing programs
		1587	can be very useful, however.
1381		1588
1382	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>	1589	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>
1383		1590
1384	This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before	1591	This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before
1385	auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting	1592	auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting
…		…
1428		1635
1429	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS>	1636	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS>
1430		1637
1431	The maximum number of child processes that C<AnyEvent::Util::fork_call>	1638	The maximum number of child processes that C<AnyEvent::Util::fork_call>
1432	will create in parallel.	1639	will create in parallel.
		1640
		1641	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_OUTSTANDING_DNS>
		1642
		1643	The default value for the C<max_outstanding> parameter for the default DNS
		1644	resolver - this is the maximum number of parallel DNS requests that are
		1645	sent to the DNS server.
		1646
		1647	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_RESOLV_CONF>
		1648
		1649	The file to use instead of F</etc/resolv.conf> (or OS-specific
		1650	configuration) in the default resolver. When set to the empty string, no
		1651	default config will be used.
		1652
		1653	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_FILE>, C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_PATH>.
		1654
		1655	When neither C<ca_file> nor C<ca_path> was specified during
		1656	L<AnyEvent::TLS> context creation, and either of these environment
		1657	variables exist, they will be used to specify CA certificate locations
		1658	instead of a system-dependent default.
		1659
		1660	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_GUARD> and C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT>
		1661
		1662	When these are set to C<1>, then the respective modules are not
		1663	loaded. Mostly good for testing AnyEvent itself.
1433		1664
1434	=back	1665	=back
1435		1666
1436	=head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE	1667	=head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE
1437		1668
…		…
1682	EV/Any 100000 224 2.88 0.34 0.27 EV + AnyEvent watchers	1913	EV/Any 100000 224 2.88 0.34 0.27 EV + AnyEvent watchers
1683	CoroEV/Any 100000 224 2.85 0.35 0.28 coroutines + Coro::Signal	1914	CoroEV/Any 100000 224 2.85 0.35 0.28 coroutines + Coro::Signal
1684	Perl/Any 100000 452 4.13 0.73 0.95 pure perl implementation	1915	Perl/Any 100000 452 4.13 0.73 0.95 pure perl implementation
1685	Event/Event 16000 517 32.20 31.80 0.81 Event native interface	1916	Event/Event 16000 517 32.20 31.80 0.81 Event native interface
1686	Event/Any 16000 590 35.85 31.55 1.06 Event + AnyEvent watchers	1917	Event/Any 16000 590 35.85 31.55 1.06 Event + AnyEvent watchers
		1918	IOAsync/Any 16000 989 38.10 32.77 11.13 via IO::Async::Loop::IO_Poll
		1919	IOAsync/Any 16000 990 37.59 29.50 10.61 via IO::Async::Loop::Epoll
1687	Glib/Any 16000 1357 102.33 12.31 51.00 quadratic behaviour	1920	Glib/Any 16000 1357 102.33 12.31 51.00 quadratic behaviour
1688	Tk/Any 2000 1860 27.20 66.31 14.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers	1921	Tk/Any 2000 1860 27.20 66.31 14.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers
1689	POE/Event 2000 6328 109.99 751.67 14.02 via POE::Loop::Event	1922	POE/Event 2000 6328 109.99 751.67 14.02 via POE::Loop::Event
1690	POE/Select 2000 6027 94.54 809.13 579.80 via POE::Loop::Select	1923	POE/Select 2000 6027 94.54 809.13 579.80 via POE::Loop::Select
1691		1924
…		…
1720	performance becomes really bad with lots of file descriptors (and few of	1953	performance becomes really bad with lots of file descriptors (and few of
1721	them active), of course, but this was not subject of this benchmark.	1954	them active), of course, but this was not subject of this benchmark.
1722		1955
1723	The C<Event> module has a relatively high setup and callback invocation	1956	The C<Event> module has a relatively high setup and callback invocation
1724	cost, but overall scores in on the third place.	1957	cost, but overall scores in on the third place.
		1958
		1959	C<IO::Async> performs admirably well, about on par with C<Event>, even
		1960	when using its pure perl backend.
1725		1961
1726	C<Glib>'s memory usage is quite a bit higher, but it features a	1962	C<Glib>'s memory usage is quite a bit higher, but it features a
1727	faster callback invocation and overall ends up in the same class as	1963	faster callback invocation and overall ends up in the same class as
1728	C<Event>. However, Glib scales extremely badly, doubling the number of	1964	C<Event>. However, Glib scales extremely badly, doubling the number of
1729	watchers increases the processing time by more than a factor of four,	1965	watchers increases the processing time by more than a factor of four,
…		…
1807	it to another server. This includes deleting the old timeout and creating	2043	it to another server. This includes deleting the old timeout and creating
1808	a new one that moves the timeout into the future.	2044	a new one that moves the timeout into the future.
1809		2045
1810	=head3 Results	2046	=head3 Results
1811		2047
1812	name sockets create request	2048	name sockets create request
1813	EV 20000 69.01 11.16	2049	EV 20000 69.01 11.16
1814	Perl 20000 73.32 35.87	2050	Perl 20000 73.32 35.87
		2051	IOAsync 20000 157.00 98.14 epoll
		2052	IOAsync 20000 159.31 616.06 poll
1815	Event 20000 212.62 257.32	2053	Event 20000 212.62 257.32
1816	Glib 20000 651.16 1896.30	2054	Glib 20000 651.16 1896.30
1817	POE 20000 349.67 12317.24 uses POE::Loop::Event	2055	POE 20000 349.67 12317.24 uses POE::Loop::Event
1818		2056
1819	=head3 Discussion	2057	=head3 Discussion
1820		2058
1821	This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the	2059	This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the
1822	particular event loop.	2060	particular event loop.
…		…
1824	EV is again fastest. Since it is using epoll on my system, the setup time	2062	EV is again fastest. Since it is using epoll on my system, the setup time
1825	is relatively high, though.	2063	is relatively high, though.
1826		2064
1827	Perl surprisingly comes second. It is much faster than the C-based event	2065	Perl surprisingly comes second. It is much faster than the C-based event
1828	loops Event and Glib.	2066	loops Event and Glib.
		2067
		2068	IO::Async performs very well when using its epoll backend, and still quite
		2069	good compared to Glib when using its pure perl backend.
1829		2070
1830	Event suffers from high setup time as well (look at its code and you will	2071	Event suffers from high setup time as well (look at its code and you will
1831	understand why). Callback invocation also has a high overhead compared to	2072	understand why). Callback invocation also has a high overhead compared to
1832	the C<< $_->() for .. >>-style loop that the Perl event loop uses. Event	2073	the C<< $_->() for .. >>-style loop that the Perl event loop uses. Event
1833	uses select or poll in basically all documented configurations.	2074	uses select or poll in basically all documented configurations.
…		…
1896	=item * C-based event loops perform very well with small number of	2137	=item * C-based event loops perform very well with small number of
1897	watchers, as the management overhead dominates.	2138	watchers, as the management overhead dominates.
1898		2139
1899	=back	2140	=back
1900		2141
		2142	=head2 THE IO::Lambda BENCHMARK
		2143
		2144	Recently I was told about the benchmark in the IO::Lambda manpage, which
		2145	could be misinterpreted to make AnyEvent look bad. In fact, the benchmark
		2146	simply compares IO::Lambda with POE, and IO::Lambda looks better (which
		2147	shouldn't come as a surprise to anybody). As such, the benchmark is
		2148	fine, and mostly shows that the AnyEvent backend from IO::Lambda isn't
		2149	very optimal. But how would AnyEvent compare when used without the extra
		2150	baggage? To explore this, I wrote the equivalent benchmark for AnyEvent.
		2151
		2152	The benchmark itself creates an echo-server, and then, for 500 times,
		2153	connects to the echo server, sends a line, waits for the reply, and then
		2154	creates the next connection. This is a rather bad benchmark, as it doesn't
		2155	test the efficiency of the framework or much non-blocking I/O, but it is a
		2156	benchmark nevertheless.
		2157
		2158	name runtime
		2159	Lambda/select 0.330 sec
		2160	+ optimized 0.122 sec
		2161	Lambda/AnyEvent 0.327 sec
		2162	+ optimized 0.138 sec
		2163	Raw sockets/select 0.077 sec
		2164	POE/select, components 0.662 sec
		2165	POE/select, raw sockets 0.226 sec
		2166	POE/select, optimized 0.404 sec
		2167
		2168	AnyEvent/select/nb 0.085 sec
		2169	AnyEvent/EV/nb 0.068 sec
		2170	+state machine 0.134 sec
		2171
		2172	The benchmark is also a bit unfair (my fault): the IO::Lambda/POE
		2173	benchmarks actually make blocking connects and use 100% blocking I/O,
		2174	defeating the purpose of an event-based solution. All of the newly
		2175	written AnyEvent benchmarks use 100% non-blocking connects (using
		2176	AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect and the asynchronous pure perl DNS
		2177	resolver), so AnyEvent is at a disadvantage here, as non-blocking connects
		2178	generally require a lot more bookkeeping and event handling than blocking
		2179	connects (which involve a single syscall only).
		2180
		2181	The last AnyEvent benchmark additionally uses L<AnyEvent::Handle>, which
		2182	offers similar expressive power as POE and IO::Lambda, using conventional
		2183	Perl syntax. This means that both the echo server and the client are 100%
		2184	non-blocking, further placing it at a disadvantage.
		2185
		2186	As you can see, the AnyEvent + EV combination even beats the
		2187	hand-optimised "raw sockets benchmark", while AnyEvent + its pure perl
		2188	backend easily beats IO::Lambda and POE.
		2189
		2190	And even the 100% non-blocking version written using the high-level (and
		2191	slow :) L<AnyEvent::Handle> abstraction beats both POE and IO::Lambda by a
		2192	large margin, even though it does all of DNS, tcp-connect and socket I/O
		2193	in a non-blocking way.
		2194
		2195	The two AnyEvent benchmarks programs can be found as F<eg/ae0.pl> and
		2196	F<eg/ae2.pl> in the AnyEvent distribution, the remaining benchmarks are
		2197	part of the IO::lambda distribution and were used without any changes.
		2198
1901		2199
1902	=head1 SIGNALS	2200	=head1 SIGNALS
1903		2201
1904	AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals:	2202	AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals:
1905		2203
…		…
1908	=item SIGCHLD	2206	=item SIGCHLD
1909		2207
1910	A handler for C<SIGCHLD> is installed by AnyEvent's child watcher	2208	A handler for C<SIGCHLD> is installed by AnyEvent's child watcher
1911	emulation for event loops that do not support them natively. Also, some	2209	emulation for event loops that do not support them natively. Also, some
1912	event loops install a similar handler.	2210	event loops install a similar handler.
		2211
		2212	Additionally, when AnyEvent is loaded and SIGCHLD is set to IGNORE, then
		2213	AnyEvent will reset it to default, to avoid losing child exit statuses.
1913		2214
1914	=item SIGPIPE	2215	=item SIGPIPE
1915		2216
1916	A no-op handler is installed for C<SIGPIPE> when C<$SIG{PIPE}> is C<undef>	2217	A no-op handler is installed for C<SIGPIPE> when C<$SIG{PIPE}> is C<undef>
1917	when AnyEvent gets loaded.	2218	when AnyEvent gets loaded.
…		…
1929		2230
1930	=back	2231	=back
1931		2232
1932	=cut	2233	=cut
1933		2234
		2235	undef $SIG{CHLD}
		2236	if $SIG{CHLD} eq 'IGNORE';
		2237
1934	$SIG{PIPE} = sub { }	2238	$SIG{PIPE} = sub { }
1935	unless defined $SIG{PIPE};	2239	unless defined $SIG{PIPE};
		2240
		2241	=head1 RECOMMENDED/OPTIONAL MODULES
		2242
		2243	One of AnyEvent's main goals is to be 100% Pure-Perl(tm): only perl (and
		2244	it's built-in modules) are required to use it.
		2245
		2246	That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional
		2247	modules if they are installed.
		2248
		2249	This section epxlains which additional modules will be used, and how they
		2250	affect AnyEvent's operetion.
		2251
		2252	=over 4
		2253
		2254	=item L<Async::Interrupt>
		2255
		2256	This slightly arcane module is used to implement fast signal handling: To
		2257	my knowledge, there is no way to do completely race-free and quick
		2258	signal handling in pure perl. To ensure that signals still get
		2259	delivered, AnyEvent will start an interval timer to wake up perl (and
		2260	catch the signals) with soemd elay (default is 10 seconds, look for
		2261	C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>).
		2262
		2263	If this module is available, then it will be used to implement signal
		2264	catching, which means that signals will not be delayed, and the event loop
		2265	will not be interrupted regularly, which is more efficient (And good for
		2266	battery life on laptops).
		2267
		2268	This affects not just the pure-perl event loop, but also other event loops
		2269	that have no signal handling on their own (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt).
		2270
		2271	=item L<EV>
		2272
		2273	This module isn't really "optional", as it is simply one of the backend
		2274	event loops that AnyEvent can use. However, it is simply the best event
		2275	loop available in terms of features, speed and stability: It supports
		2276	the AnyEvent API optimally, implements all the watcher types in XS, does
		2277	automatic timer adjustments even when no monotonic clock is available,
		2278	can take avdantage of advanced kernel interfaces such as C<epoll> and
		2279	C<kqueue>, and is the fastest backend I<by far>. You can even embed
		2280	L<Glib>/L<Gtk2> in it (or vice versa, see L<EV::Glib> and L<Glib::EV>).
		2281
		2282	=item L<Guard>
		2283
		2284	The guard module, when used, will be used to implement
		2285	C<AnyEvent::Util::guard>. This speeds up guards considerably (and uses a
		2286	lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is
		2287	purely used for performance.
		2288
		2289	=item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS>
		2290
		2291	This module is required when you want to read or write JSON data via
		2292	L<AnyEvent::Handle>. It is also written in pure-perl, but can take
		2293	advantage of the ulta-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed.
		2294
		2295	In fact, L<AnyEvent::Handle> will use L<JSON::XS> by default if it is
		2296	installed.
		2297
		2298	=item L<Net::SSLeay>
		2299
		2300	Implementing TLS/SSL in Perl is certainly interesting, but not very
		2301	worthwhile: If this module is installed, then L<AnyEvent::Handle> (with
		2302	the help of L<AnyEvent::TLS>), gains the ability to do TLS/SSL.
		2303
		2304	=item L<Time::HiRes>
		2305
		2306	This module is part of perl since release 5.008. It will be used when the
		2307	chosen event library does not come with a timing source on it's own. The
		2308	pure-perl event loop (L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) will additionally use it to
		2309	try to use a monotonic clock for timing stability.
		2310
		2311	=back
1936		2312
1937		2313
1938	=head1 FORK	2314	=head1 FORK
1939		2315
1940	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are	2316	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are
1941	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll>	2317	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll>
1942	calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware.	2318	calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware.
1943		2319
1944	If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first	2320	If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first
1945	watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child.	2321	watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child OR you must do
		2322	something completely out of the scope of AnyEvent.
1946		2323
1947		2324
1948	=head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS	2325	=head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
1949		2326
1950	AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via	2327	AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via
…		…
1962	use AnyEvent;	2339	use AnyEvent;
1963		2340
1964	Similar considerations apply to $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}, as that can	2341	Similar considerations apply to $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}, as that can
1965	be used to probe what backend is used and gain other information (which is	2342	be used to probe what backend is used and gain other information (which is
1966	probably even less useful to an attacker than PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL), and	2343	probably even less useful to an attacker than PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL), and
1967	$ENV{PERL_ANYEGENT_STRICT}.	2344	$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT}.
		2345
		2346	Note that AnyEvent will remove I<all> environment variables starting with
		2347	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_> from C<%ENV> when it is loaded while taint mode is
		2348	enabled.
1968		2349
1969		2350
1970	=head1 BUGS	2351	=head1 BUGS
1971		2352
1972	Perl 5.8 has numerous memleaks that sometimes hit this module and are hard	2353	Perl 5.8 has numerous memleaks that sometimes hit this module and are hard
…		…
1984	L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>.	2365	L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>.
1985		2366
1986	Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>,	2367	Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>,
1987	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>,	2368	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>,
1988	L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>,	2369	L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>,
1989	L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>.	2370	L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>.
1990		2371
1991	Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and	2372	Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and
1992	servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>.	2373	servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>.
1993		2374
1994	Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>.	2375	Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>.
1995		2376
1996	Coroutine support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>, L<Coro::Event>,	2377	Coroutine support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>,
		2378	L<Coro::Event>,
1997		2379
1998	Nontrivial usage examples: L<Net::FCP>, L<Net::XMPP2>, L<AnyEvent::DNS>.	2380	Nontrivial usage examples: L<AnyEvent::GPSD>, L<AnyEvent::XMPP>,
		2381	L<AnyEvent::HTTP>.
1999		2382
2000		2383
2001	=head1 AUTHOR	2384	=head1 AUTHOR
2002		2385
2003	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>	2386	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>

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Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents): Revision 1.208 by root, Sun Apr 26 18:12:53 2009 UTC vs. Revision 1.244 by root, Fri Jul 17 23:15:57 2009 UTC

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Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.208 by root, Sun Apr 26 18:12:53 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.244 by root, Fri Jul 17 23:15:57 2009 UTC