[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm

Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.279 by root, Sun Aug 9 16:05:11 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.329 by root, Sun Jul 11 05:44:22 2010 UTC

…		…
7		7
8	=head1 SYNOPSIS	8	=head1 SYNOPSIS
9		9
10	use AnyEvent;	10	use AnyEvent;
11		11
		12	# if you prefer function calls, look at the AE manpage for
		13	# an alternative API.
		14
12	# file descriptor readable	15	# file handle or descriptor readable
13	my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r", cb => sub { ... });	16	my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r", cb => sub { ... });
14		17
15	# one-shot or repeating timers	18	# one-shot or repeating timers
16	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { ... });	19	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { ... });
17	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, interval => $seconds, cb => ...	20	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, interval => $seconds, cb => ...
…		…
135	use AnyEvent;	138	use AnyEvent;
136		139
137	# .. AnyEvent will likely default to Tk	140	# .. AnyEvent will likely default to Tk
138		141
139	The I<likely> means that, if any module loads another event model and	142	The I<likely> means that, if any module loads another event model and
140	starts using it, all bets are off. Maybe you should tell their authors to	143	starts using it, all bets are off - this case should be very rare though,
141	use AnyEvent so their modules work together with others seamlessly...	144	as very few modules hardcode event loops without announcing this very
		145	loudly.
142		146
143	The pure-perl implementation of AnyEvent is called	147	The pure-perl implementation of AnyEvent is called
144	C<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>. Like other event modules you can load it	148	C<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>. Like other event modules you can load it
145	explicitly and enjoy the high availability of that event loop :)	149	explicitly and enjoy the high availability of that event loop :)
146		150
…		…
363	might affect timers and time-outs.	367	might affect timers and time-outs.
364		368
365	When this is the case, you can call this method, which will update the	369	When this is the case, you can call this method, which will update the
366	event loop's idea of "current time".	370	event loop's idea of "current time".
367		371
		372	A typical example would be a script in a web server (e.g. C<mod_perl>) -
		373	when mod_perl executes the script, then the event loop will have the wrong
		374	idea about the "current time" (being potentially far in the past, when the
		375	script ran the last time). In that case you should arrange a call to C<<
		376	AnyEvent->now_update >> each time the web server process wakes up again
		377	(e.g. at the start of your script, or in a handler).
		378
368	Note that updating the time I<might> cause some events to be handled.	379	Note that updating the time I<might> cause some events to be handled.
369		380
370	=back	381	=back
371		382
372	=head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS	383	=head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS
…		…
395	correctly.	406	correctly.
396		407
397	Example: exit on SIGINT	408	Example: exit on SIGINT
398		409
399	my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 });	410	my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 });
		411
		412	=head3 Restart Behaviour
		413
		414	While restart behaviour is up to the event loop implementation, most will
		415	not restart syscalls (that includes L<Async::Interrupt> and AnyEvent's
		416	pure perl implementation).
		417
		418	=head3 Safe/Unsafe Signals
		419
		420	Perl signals can be either "safe" (synchronous to opcode handling) or
		421	"unsafe" (asynchronous) - the former might get delayed indefinitely, the
		422	latter might corrupt your memory.
		423
		424	AnyEvent signal handlers are, in addition, synchronous to the event loop,
		425	i.e. they will not interrupt your running perl program but will only be
		426	called as part of the normal event handling (just like timer, I/O etc.
		427	callbacks, too).
400		428
401	=head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds	429	=head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds
402		430
403	Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support attaching	431	Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support attaching
404	callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot	432	callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot
…		…
479		507
480	=head2 IDLE WATCHERS	508	=head2 IDLE WATCHERS
481		509
482	$w = AnyEvent->idle (cb => <callback>);	510	$w = AnyEvent->idle (cb => <callback>);
483		511
484	Sometimes there is a need to do something, but it is not so important	512	Repeatedly invoke the callback after the process becomes idle, until
485	to do it instantly, but only when there is nothing better to do. This	513	either the watcher is destroyed or new events have been detected.
486	"nothing better to do" is usually defined to be "no other events need
487	attention by the event loop".
488		514
489	Idle watchers ideally get invoked when the event loop has nothing	515	Idle watchers are useful when there is a need to do something, but it
490	better to do, just before it would block the process to wait for new	516	is not so important (or wise) to do it instantly. The callback will be
491	events. Instead of blocking, the idle watcher is invoked.	517	invoked only when there is "nothing better to do", which is usually
		518	defined as "all outstanding events have been handled and no new events
		519	have been detected". That means that idle watchers ideally get invoked
		520	when the event loop has just polled for new events but none have been
		521	detected. Instead of blocking to wait for more events, the idle watchers
		522	will be invoked.
492		523
493	Most event loops unfortunately do not really support idle watchers (only	524	Unfortunately, most event loops do not really support idle watchers (only
494	EV, Event and Glib do it in a usable fashion) - for the rest, AnyEvent	525	EV, Event and Glib do it in a usable fashion) - for the rest, AnyEvent
495	will simply call the callback "from time to time".	526	will simply call the callback "from time to time".
496		527
497	Example: read lines from STDIN, but only process them when the	528	Example: read lines from STDIN, but only process them when the
498	program is otherwise idle:	529	program is otherwise idle:
…		…
526	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.	557	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.
527		558
528	AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event	559	AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event
529	loop and will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user).	560	loop and will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user).
530		561
531	The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called	562	The tool to do that is called a "condition variable", so called because
532	because they represent a condition that must become true.	563	they represent a condition that must become true.
533		564
534	Now is probably a good time to look at the examples further below.	565	Now is probably a good time to look at the examples further below.
535		566
536	Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar	567	Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar
537	>> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is	568	>> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is
…		…
542	After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true"	573	After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true"
543	by calling the C<send> method (or calling the condition variable as if it	574	by calling the C<send> method (or calling the condition variable as if it
544	were a callback, read about the caveats in the description for the C<<	575	were a callback, read about the caveats in the description for the C<<
545	->send >> method).	576	->send >> method).
546		577
547	Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can	578	Since condition variables are the most complex part of the AnyEvent API, here are
548	optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points	579	some different mental models of what they are - pick the ones you can connect to:
549	in time where multiple outstanding events have been processed. And yet	580
550	another way to call them is transactions - each condition variable can be	581	=over 4
551	used to represent a transaction, which finishes at some point and delivers	582
552	a result. And yet some people know them as "futures" - a promise to	583	=item * Condition variables are like callbacks - you can call them (and pass them instead
553	compute/deliver something that you can wait for.	584	of callbacks). Unlike callbacks however, you can also wait for them to be called.
		585
		586	=item * Condition variables are signals - one side can emit or send them,
		587	the other side can wait for them, or install a handler that is called when
		588	the signal fires.
		589
		590	=item * Condition variables are like "Merge Points" - points in your program
		591	where you merge multiple independent results/control flows into one.
		592
		593	=item * Condition variables represent a transaction - function that start
		594	some kind of transaction can return them, leaving the caller the choice
		595	between waiting in a blocking fashion, or setting a callback.
		596
		597	=item * Condition variables represent future values, or promises to deliver
		598	some result, long before the result is available.
		599
		600	=back
554		601
555	Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished,	602	Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished,
556	for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests,	603	for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests,
557	then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the	604	then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the
558	availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is	605	availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is
…		…
579	eventually calls C<< -> send >>, and the "consumer side", which waits	626	eventually calls C<< -> send >>, and the "consumer side", which waits
580	for the send to occur.	627	for the send to occur.
581		628
582	Example: wait for a timer.	629	Example: wait for a timer.
583		630
584	# wait till the result is ready	631	# condition: "wait till the timer is fired"
585	my $result_ready = AnyEvent->condvar;	632	my $timer_fired = AnyEvent->condvar;
586		633
587	# do something such as adding a timer	634	# create the timer - we could wait for, say
588	# or socket watcher the calls $result_ready->send	635	# a handle becomign ready, or even an
589	# when the "result" is ready.	636	# AnyEvent::HTTP request to finish, but
590	# in this case, we simply use a timer:	637	# in this case, we simply use a timer:
591	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (	638	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (
592	after => 1,	639	after => 1,
593	cb => sub { $result_ready->send },	640	cb => sub { $timer_fired->send },
594	);	641	);
595		642
596	# this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback	643	# this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback
597	# calls -<send	644	# calls ->send
598	$result_ready->recv;	645	$timer_fired->recv;
599		646
600	Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition	647	Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition
601	variables are also callable directly.	648	variables are also callable directly.
602		649
603	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;	650	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;
…		…
666	one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want	713	one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want
667	to use a condition variable for the whole process.	714	to use a condition variable for the whole process.
668		715
669	Every call to C<< ->begin >> will increment a counter, and every call to	716	Every call to C<< ->begin >> will increment a counter, and every call to
670	C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end	717	C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end
671	>>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback	718	>>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed, passing the
672	is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no	719	condvar as first argument. That callback is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send
673	callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments.	720	>>, but that is not required. If no group callback was set, C<send> will
		721	be called without any arguments.
674		722
675	You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call	723	You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call
676	sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND	724	sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND
677	condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends).	725	condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends).
678		726
…		…
705	begung can potentially be zero:	753	begung can potentially be zero:
706		754
707	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	755	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
708		756
709	my %result;	757	my %result;
710	$cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) });	758	$cv->begin (sub { shift->send (\%result) });
711		759
712	for my $host (@list_of_hosts) {	760	for my $host (@list_of_hosts) {
713	$cv->begin;	761	$cv->begin;
714	ping_host_then_call_callback $host, sub {	762	ping_host_then_call_callback $host, sub {
715	$result{$host} = ...;	763	$result{$host} = ...;
…		…
941	You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though:	989	You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though:
942	if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the	990	if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the
943	array will be ignored.	991	array will be ignored.
944		992
945	Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> when your application allows	993	Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> when your application allows
946	it,as it takes care of these details.	994	it, as it takes care of these details.
947		995
948	This variable is mainly useful for modules that can do something useful	996	This variable is mainly useful for modules that can do something useful
949	when AnyEvent is used and thus want to know when it is initialised, but do	997	when AnyEvent is used and thus want to know when it is initialised, but do
950	not need to even load it by default. This array provides the means to hook	998	not need to even load it by default. This array provides the means to hook
951	into AnyEvent passively, without loading it.	999	into AnyEvent passively, without loading it.
		1000
		1001	Example: To load Coro::AnyEvent whenever Coro and AnyEvent are used
		1002	together, you could put this into Coro (this is the actual code used by
		1003	Coro to accomplish this):
		1004
		1005	if (defined $AnyEvent::MODEL) {
		1006	# AnyEvent already initialised, so load Coro::AnyEvent
		1007	require Coro::AnyEvent;
		1008	} else {
		1009	# AnyEvent not yet initialised, so make sure to load Coro::AnyEvent
		1010	# as soon as it is
		1011	push @AnyEvent::post_detect, sub { require Coro::AnyEvent };
		1012	}
952		1013
953	=back	1014	=back
954		1015
955	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE	1016	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE
956		1017
…		…
1013	=head1 OTHER MODULES	1074	=head1 OTHER MODULES
1014		1075
1015	The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use	1076	The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use
1016	AnyEvent as a client and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent	1077	AnyEvent as a client and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent
1017	modules and other event loops in the same program. Some of the modules	1078	modules and other event loops in the same program. Some of the modules
1018	come with AnyEvent, most are available via CPAN.	1079	come as part of AnyEvent, the others are available via CPAN.
1019		1080
1020	=over 4	1081	=over 4
1021		1082
1022	=item L<AnyEvent::Util>	1083	=item L<AnyEvent::Util>
1023		1084
…		…
1038		1099
1039	=item L<AnyEvent::DNS>	1100	=item L<AnyEvent::DNS>
1040		1101
1041	Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities.	1102	Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities.
1042		1103
		1104	=item L<AnyEvent::HTTP>, L<AnyEvent::IRC>, L<AnyEvent::XMPP>, L<AnyEvent::GPSD>, L<AnyEvent::IGS>, L<AnyEvent::FCP>
		1105
		1106	Implement event-based interfaces to the protocols of the same name (for
		1107	the curious, IGS is the International Go Server and FCP is the Freenet
		1108	Client Protocol).
		1109
		1110	=item L<AnyEvent::Handle::UDP>
		1111
		1112	Here be danger!
		1113
		1114	As Pauli would put it, "Not only is it not right, it's not even wrong!" -
		1115	there are so many things wrong with AnyEvent::Handle::UDP, most notably
		1116	it's use of a stream-based API with a protocol that isn't streamable, that
		1117	the only way to improve it is to delete it.
		1118
		1119	It features data corruption (but typically only under load) and general
		1120	confusion. On top, the author is not only clueless about UDP but also
		1121	fact-resistant - some gems of his understanding: "connect doesn't work
		1122	with UDP", "UDP packets are not IP packets", "UDP only has datagrams, not
		1123	packets", "I don't need to implement proper error checking as UDP doesn't
		1124	support error checking" and so on - he doesn't even understand what's
		1125	wrong with his module when it is explained to him.
		1126
1043	=item L<AnyEvent::HTTP>	1127	=item L<AnyEvent::DBI>
1044		1128
1045	A simple-to-use HTTP library that is capable of making a lot of concurrent	1129	Executes L<DBI> requests asynchronously in a proxy process for you,
1046	HTTP requests.	1130	notifying you in an event-bnased way when the operation is finished.
		1131
		1132	=item L<AnyEvent::AIO>
		1133
		1134	Truly asynchronous (as opposed to non-blocking) I/O, should be in the
		1135	toolbox of every event programmer. AnyEvent::AIO transparently fuses
		1136	L<IO::AIO> and AnyEvent together, giving AnyEvent access to event-based
		1137	file I/O, and much more.
1047		1138
1048	=item L<AnyEvent::HTTPD>	1139	=item L<AnyEvent::HTTPD>
1049		1140
1050	Provides a simple web application server framework.	1141	A simple embedded webserver.
1051		1142
1052	=item L<AnyEvent::FastPing>	1143	=item L<AnyEvent::FastPing>
1053		1144
1054	The fastest ping in the west.	1145	The fastest ping in the west.
1055
1056	=item L<AnyEvent::DBI>
1057
1058	Executes L<DBI> requests asynchronously in a proxy process.
1059
1060	=item L<AnyEvent::AIO>
1061
1062	Truly asynchronous I/O, should be in the toolbox of every event
1063	programmer. AnyEvent::AIO transparently fuses L<IO::AIO> and AnyEvent
1064	together.
1065
1066	=item L<AnyEvent::BDB>
1067
1068	Truly asynchronous Berkeley DB access. AnyEvent::BDB transparently fuses
1069	L<BDB> and AnyEvent together.
1070
1071	=item L<AnyEvent::GPSD>
1072
1073	A non-blocking interface to gpsd, a daemon delivering GPS information.
1074
1075	=item L<AnyEvent::IRC>
1076
1077	AnyEvent based IRC client module family (replacing the older Net::IRC3).
1078
1079	=item L<AnyEvent::XMPP>
1080
1081	AnyEvent based XMPP (Jabber protocol) module family (replacing the older
1082	Net::XMPP2>.
1083
1084	=item L<AnyEvent::IGS>
1085
1086	A non-blocking interface to the Internet Go Server protocol (used by
1087	L<App::IGS>).
1088
1089	=item L<Net::FCP>
1090
1091	AnyEvent-based implementation of the Freenet Client Protocol, birthplace
1092	of AnyEvent.
1093
1094	=item L<Event::ExecFlow>
1095
1096	High level API for event-based execution flow control.
1097		1146
1098	=item L<Coro>	1147	=item L<Coro>
1099		1148
1100	Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>.	1149	Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>.
1101		1150
…		…
1105		1154
1106	package AnyEvent;	1155	package AnyEvent;
1107		1156
1108	# basically a tuned-down version of common::sense	1157	# basically a tuned-down version of common::sense
1109	sub common_sense {	1158	sub common_sense {
1110	# no warnings	1159	# from common:.sense 1.0
1111	${^WARNING_BITS} ^= ${^WARNING_BITS};	1160	${^WARNING_BITS} = "\xfc\x3f\x33\x00\x0f\xf3\xcf\xc0\xf3\xfc\x33\x00";
1112	# use strict vars subs	1161	# use strict vars subs - NO UTF-8, as Util.pm doesn't like this atm. (uts46data.pl)
1113	$^H \|= 0x00000600;	1162	$^H \|= 0x00000600;
1114	}	1163	}
1115		1164
1116	BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }	1165	BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
1117		1166
1118	use Carp ();	1167	use Carp ();
1119		1168
1120	our $VERSION = '5.0';	1169	our $VERSION = '5.271';
1121	our $MODEL;	1170	our $MODEL;
1122		1171
1123	our $AUTOLOAD;	1172	our $AUTOLOAD;
1124	our @ISA;	1173	our @ISA;
1125		1174
1126	our @REGISTRY;	1175	our @REGISTRY;
1127		1176
1128	our $WIN32;
1129
1130	our $VERBOSE;	1177	our $VERBOSE;
1131		1178
1132	BEGIN {	1179	BEGIN {
1133	eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }";	1180	require "AnyEvent/constants.pl";
		1181
1134	eval "sub TAINT(){ " . (${^TAINT}*1) . " }";	1182	eval "sub TAINT (){" . (${^TAINT}*1) . "}";
1135		1183
1136	delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV}	1184	delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV}
1137	if ${^TAINT};	1185	if ${^TAINT};
1138		1186
1139	$VERBOSE = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1;	1187	$VERBOSE = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1;
…		…
1182	our @post_detect;	1230	our @post_detect;
1183		1231
1184	sub post_detect(&) {	1232	sub post_detect(&) {
1185	my ($cb) = @_;	1233	my ($cb) = @_;
1186		1234
1187	if ($MODEL) {
1188	$cb->();
1189
1190	undef
1191	} else {
1192	push @post_detect, $cb;	1235	push @post_detect, $cb;
1193		1236
1194	defined wantarray	1237	defined wantarray
1195	? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect"	1238	? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect"
1196	: ()	1239	: ()
1197	}
1198	}	1240	}
1199		1241
1200	sub AnyEvent::Util::postdetect::DESTROY {	1242	sub AnyEvent::Util::postdetect::DESTROY {
1201	@post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect;	1243	@post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect;
1202	}	1244	}
1203		1245
1204	sub detect() {	1246	sub detect() {
		1247	# free some memory
		1248	*detect = sub () { $MODEL };
		1249
		1250	local $!; # for good measure
		1251	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		1252
		1253	if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) {
		1254	my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1";
		1255	if (eval "require $model") {
		1256	$MODEL = $model;
		1257	warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}), using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
		1258	} else {
		1259	warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}):\n$@" if $VERBOSE;
		1260	}
		1261	}
		1262
		1263	# check for already loaded models
1205	unless ($MODEL) {	1264	unless ($MODEL) {
1206	local $SIG{__DIE__};	1265	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1207		1266	my ($package, $model) = @$_;
1208	if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) {	1267	if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) {
1209	my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1";
1210	if (eval "require $model") {	1268	if (eval "require $model") {
1211	$MODEL = $model;	1269	$MODEL = $model;
1212	warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}), using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;	1270	warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1213	} else {	1271	last;
1214	warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}):\n$@" if $VERBOSE;	1272	}
1215	}	1273	}
1216	}	1274	}
1217		1275
1218	# check for already loaded models
1219	unless ($MODEL) {	1276	unless ($MODEL) {
		1277	# try to autoload a model
1220	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {	1278	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1221	my ($package, $model) = @$_;	1279	my ($package, $model, $autoload) = @$_;
		1280	if (
		1281	$autoload
		1282	and eval "require $package"
1222	if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) {	1283	and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0
1223	if (eval "require $model") {	1284	and eval "require $model"
		1285	) {
1224	$MODEL = $model;	1286	$MODEL = $model;
1225	warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;	1287	warn "AnyEvent: autoloaded model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1226	last;	1288	last;
1227	}
1228	}	1289	}
1229	}	1290	}
1230		1291
1231	unless ($MODEL) {
1232	# try to autoload a model
1233	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1234	my ($package, $model, $autoload) = @$_;
1235	if (
1236	$autoload
1237	and eval "require $package"
1238	and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0
1239	and eval "require $model"
1240	) {
1241	$MODEL = $model;
1242	warn "AnyEvent: autoloaded model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1243	last;
1244	}
1245	}
1246
1247	$MODEL	1292	$MODEL
1248	or die "No event module selected for AnyEvent and autodetect failed. Install any one of these modules: EV, Event or Glib.\n";	1293	or die "No event module selected for AnyEvent and autodetect failed. Install any one of these modules: EV, Event or Glib.\n";
1249	}
1250	}	1294	}
1251
1252	push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base";
1253
1254	unshift @ISA, $MODEL;
1255
1256	require AnyEvent::Strict if $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT};
1257
1258	(shift @post_detect)->() while @post_detect;
1259	}	1295	}
		1296
		1297	@models = (); # free probe data
		1298
		1299	push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base";
		1300	unshift @ISA, $MODEL;
		1301
		1302	# now nuke some methods that are overriden by the backend.
		1303	# SUPER is not allowed.
		1304	for (qw(time signal child idle)) {
		1305	undef &{"AnyEvent::Base::$_"}
		1306	if defined &{"$MODEL\::$_"};
		1307	}
		1308
		1309	require AnyEvent::Strict if $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT};
		1310
		1311	(shift @post_detect)->() while @post_detect;
		1312
		1313	*post_detect = sub(&) {
		1314	shift->();
		1315
		1316	undef
		1317	};
1260		1318
1261	$MODEL	1319	$MODEL
1262	}	1320	}
1263		1321
1264	sub AUTOLOAD {	1322	sub AUTOLOAD {
1265	(my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://;	1323	(my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://;
1266		1324
1267	$method{$func}	1325	$method{$func}
1268	or Carp::croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects";	1326	or Carp::croak "$func: not a valid AnyEvent class method";
1269		1327
1270	detect unless $MODEL;	1328	detect;
1271		1329
1272	my $class = shift;	1330	my $class = shift;
1273	$class->$func (@_);	1331	$class->$func (@_);
1274	}	1332	}
1275		1333
…		…
1292		1350
1293	=head1 SIMPLIFIED AE API	1351	=head1 SIMPLIFIED AE API
1294		1352
1295	Starting with version 5.0, AnyEvent officially supports a second, much	1353	Starting with version 5.0, AnyEvent officially supports a second, much
1296	simpler, API that is designed to reduce the calling, typing and memory	1354	simpler, API that is designed to reduce the calling, typing and memory
1297	overhead.	1355	overhead by using function call syntax and a fixed number of parameters.
1298		1356
1299	See the L<AE> manpage for details.	1357	See the L<AE> manpage for details.
1300		1358
1301	=cut	1359	=cut
1302		1360
1303	package AE;	1361	package AE;
1304		1362
1305	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;	1363	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
		1364
		1365	# fall back to the main API by default - backends and AnyEvent::Base
		1366	# implementations can overwrite these.
1306		1367
1307	sub io($$$) {	1368	sub io($$$) {
1308	AnyEvent->io (fh => $_[0], poll => $_[1] ? "w" : "r", cb => $_[2])	1369	AnyEvent->io (fh => $_[0], poll => $_[1] ? "w" : "r", cb => $_[2])
1309	}	1370	}
1310		1371
…		…
1342		1403
1343	package AnyEvent::Base;	1404	package AnyEvent::Base;
1344		1405
1345	# default implementations for many methods	1406	# default implementations for many methods
1346		1407
1347	sub _time {	1408	sub time {
		1409	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
1348	# probe for availability of Time::HiRes	1410	# probe for availability of Time::HiRes
1349	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {	1411	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {
1350	warn "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;	1412	warn "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1351	*_time = \&Time::HiRes::time;	1413	*AE::time = \&Time::HiRes::time;
1352	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...	1414	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...
1353	} else {	1415	} else {
1354	warn "AnyEvent: using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!\n" if $VERBOSE;	1416	warn "AnyEvent: using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!\n" if $VERBOSE;
1355	*_time = sub { time }; # epic fail	1417	*AE::time = sub (){ time }; # epic fail
		1418	}
		1419
		1420	*time = sub { AE::time }; # different prototypes
1356	}	1421	};
		1422	die if $@;
1357		1423
1358	&_time	1424	&time
1359	}	1425	}
1360		1426
1361	sub time { _time }	1427	*now = \&time;
1362	sub now { _time }	1428
1363	sub now_update { }	1429	sub now_update { }
1364		1430
1365	# default implementation for ->condvar	1431	# default implementation for ->condvar
1366		1432
1367	sub condvar {	1433	sub condvar {
		1434	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
		1435	*condvar = sub {
1368	bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"	1436	bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"
		1437	};
		1438
		1439	*AE::cv = sub (;&) {
		1440	bless { @_ ? (_ae_cb => shift) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"
		1441	};
		1442	};
		1443	die if $@;
		1444
		1445	&condvar
1369	}	1446	}
1370		1447
1371	# default implementation for ->signal	1448	# default implementation for ->signal
1372		1449
1373	our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;	1450	our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;
1374		1451
1375	sub _have_async_interrupt() {	1452	sub _have_async_interrupt() {
1376	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT = 1*(!$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT}	1453	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT = 1*(!$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT}
1377	&& eval "use Async::Interrupt 1.0 (); 1")	1454	&& eval "use Async::Interrupt 1.02 (); 1")
1378	unless defined $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;	1455	unless defined $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;
1379		1456
1380	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT	1457	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
1381	}	1458	}
1382		1459
1383	our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO);	1460	our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO);
1384	our (%SIG_ASY, %SIG_ASY_W);	1461	our (%SIG_ASY, %SIG_ASY_W);
1385	our ($SIG_COUNT, $SIG_TW);	1462	our ($SIG_COUNT, $SIG_TW);
1386		1463
1387	sub _signal_exec {
1388	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
1389	? $SIGPIPE_R->drain
1390	: sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 9;
1391
1392	while (%SIG_EV) {
1393	for (keys %SIG_EV) {
1394	delete $SIG_EV{$_};
1395	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} \|\| {} };
1396	}
1397	}
1398	}
1399
1400	# install a dummy wakeup watcher to reduce signal catching latency	1464	# install a dummy wakeup watcher to reduce signal catching latency
		1465	# used by Impls
1401	sub _sig_add() {	1466	sub _sig_add() {
1402	unless ($SIG_COUNT++) {	1467	unless ($SIG_COUNT++) {
1403	# try to align timer on a full-second boundary, if possible	1468	# try to align timer on a full-second boundary, if possible
1404	my $NOW = AE::now;	1469	my $NOW = AE::now;
1405		1470
…		…
1415	undef $SIG_TW	1480	undef $SIG_TW
1416	unless --$SIG_COUNT;	1481	unless --$SIG_COUNT;
1417	}	1482	}
1418		1483
1419	our $_sig_name_init; $_sig_name_init = sub {	1484	our $_sig_name_init; $_sig_name_init = sub {
1420	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading	1485	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
1421	undef $_sig_name_init;	1486	undef $_sig_name_init;
1422		1487
1423	if (_have_async_interrupt) {	1488	if (_have_async_interrupt) {
1424	*sig2num = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2num;	1489	*sig2num = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2num;
1425	*sig2name = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2name;	1490	*sig2name = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2name;
…		…
1457	$SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, 0, \&_signal_exec;	1522	$SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, 0, \&_signal_exec;
1458		1523
1459	} else {	1524	} else {
1460	warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;	1525	warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1461		1526
1462	require Fcntl;
1463
1464	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {	1527	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {
1465	require AnyEvent::Util;	1528	require AnyEvent::Util;
1466		1529
1467	($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe ();	1530	($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe ();
1468	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R, 1) if $SIGPIPE_R;	1531	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R, 1) if $SIGPIPE_R;
1469	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W, 1) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case	1532	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W, 1) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
1470	} else {	1533	} else {
1471	pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W;	1534	pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W;
1472	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R;	1535	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, AnyEvent::F_SETFL, AnyEvent::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R;
1473	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case	1536	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, AnyEvent::F_SETFL, AnyEvent::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
1474		1537
1475	# not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure...	1538	# not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure...
1476	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;	1539	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, AnyEvent::F_SETFD, AnyEvent::FD_CLOEXEC;
1477	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;	1540	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, AnyEvent::F_SETFD, AnyEvent::FD_CLOEXEC;
1478	}	1541	}
1479		1542
1480	$SIGPIPE_R	1543	$SIGPIPE_R
1481	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";	1544	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";
1482		1545
1483	$SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R, 0, \&_signal_exec;	1546	$SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R, 0, \&_signal_exec;
1484	}	1547	}
1485		1548
1486	*signal = sub {	1549	*signal = $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1550	? sub {
1487	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1551	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
1488		1552
1489	my $signal = uc $arg{signal}
1490	or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing";
1491
1492	if ($HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT) {
1493	# async::interrupt	1553	# async::interrupt
1494
1495	$signal = sig2num $signal;	1554	my $signal = sig2num $arg{signal};
1496	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};	1555	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
1497		1556
1498	$SIG_ASY{$signal} \|\|= new Async::Interrupt	1557	$SIG_ASY{$signal} \|\|= new Async::Interrupt
1499	cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} },	1558	cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} },
1500	signal => $signal,	1559	signal => $signal,
1501	pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos],	1560	pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos],
1502	pipe_autodrain => 0,	1561	pipe_autodrain => 0,
1503	;	1562	;
1504		1563
1505	} else {	1564	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"
		1565	}
		1566	: sub {
		1567	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
		1568
1506	# pure perl	1569	# pure perl
1507
1508	# AE::Util has been loaded in signal
1509	$signal = sig2name $signal;	1570	my $signal = sig2name $arg{signal};
1510	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};	1571	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
1511		1572
1512	$SIG{$signal} \|\|= sub {	1573	$SIG{$signal} \|\|= sub {
1513	local $!;	1574	local $!;
1514	syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV;	1575	syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV;
1515	undef $SIG_EV{$signal};	1576	undef $SIG_EV{$signal};
1516	};	1577	};
1517		1578
1518	# can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl,	1579	# can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl,
1519	# so limit the signal latency.	1580	# so limit the signal latency.
1520	_sig_add;	1581	_sig_add;
1521	}
1522		1582
1523	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"	1583	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"
		1584	}
1524	};	1585	;
1525		1586
1526	*AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY = sub {	1587	*AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY = sub {
1527	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};	1588	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
1528		1589
1529	_sig_del;	1590	_sig_del;
…		…
1536	# print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit	1597	# print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit
1537	# instead of getting the default action.	1598	# instead of getting the default action.
1538	undef $SIG{$signal}	1599	undef $SIG{$signal}
1539	unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };	1600	unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };
1540	};	1601	};
		1602
		1603	*_signal_exec = sub {
		1604	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1605	? $SIGPIPE_R->drain
		1606	: sysread $SIGPIPE_R, (my $dummy), 9;
		1607
		1608	while (%SIG_EV) {
		1609	for (keys %SIG_EV) {
		1610	delete $SIG_EV{$_};
		1611	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} \|\| {} };
		1612	}
		1613	}
		1614	};
1541	};	1615	};
1542	die if $@;	1616	die if $@;
		1617
1543	&signal	1618	&signal
1544	}	1619	}
1545		1620
1546	# default implementation for ->child	1621	# default implementation for ->child
1547		1622
1548	our %PID_CB;	1623	our %PID_CB;
1549	our $CHLD_W;	1624	our $CHLD_W;
1550	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;	1625	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;
1551	our $WNOHANG;	1626	our $WNOHANG;
1552		1627
		1628	# used by many Impl's
1553	sub _emit_childstatus($$) {	1629	sub _emit_childstatus($$) {
1554	my (undef, $rpid, $rstatus) = @_;	1630	my (undef, $rpid, $rstatus) = @_;
1555		1631
1556	$_->($rpid, $rstatus)	1632	$_->($rpid, $rstatus)
1557	for values %{ $PID_CB{$rpid} \|\| {} },	1633	for values %{ $PID_CB{$rpid} \|\| {} },
1558	values %{ $PID_CB{0} \|\| {} };	1634	values %{ $PID_CB{0} \|\| {} };
1559	}	1635	}
1560		1636
1561	sub _sigchld {
1562	my $pid;
1563
1564	AnyEvent->_emit_childstatus ($pid, $?)
1565	while ($pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG) > 0;
1566	}
1567
1568	sub child {	1637	sub child {
		1638	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
		1639	*_sigchld = sub {
		1640	my $pid;
		1641
		1642	AnyEvent->_emit_childstatus ($pid, $?)
		1643	while ($pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG) > 0;
		1644	};
		1645
		1646	*child = sub {
1569	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1647	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
1570		1648
1571	defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0)	1649	defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0)
1572	or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing";	1650	or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing";
1573		1651
1574	$PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};	1652	$PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
1575		1653
1576	# WNOHANG is almost cetrainly 1 everywhere	1654	# WNOHANG is almost cetrainly 1 everywhere
1577	$WNOHANG \|\|= $^O =~ /^(?:openbsd\|netbsd\|linux\|freebsd\|cygwin\|MSWin32)$/	1655	$WNOHANG \|\|= $^O =~ /^(?:openbsd\|netbsd\|linux\|freebsd\|cygwin\|MSWin32)$/
1578	? 1	1656	? 1
1579	: eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } \|\| 1;	1657	: eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } \|\| 1;
1580		1658
1581	unless ($CHLD_W) {	1659	unless ($CHLD_W) {
1582	$CHLD_W = AE::signal CHLD => \&_sigchld;	1660	$CHLD_W = AE::signal CHLD => \&_sigchld;
1583	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round	1661	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round
1584	&_sigchld;	1662	&_sigchld;
1585	}	1663	}
1586		1664
1587	bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child"	1665	bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child"
1588	}	1666	};
1589		1667
1590	sub AnyEvent::Base::child::DESTROY {	1668	*AnyEvent::Base::child::DESTROY = sub {
1591	my ($pid, $cb) = @{$_[0]};	1669	my ($pid, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
1592		1670
1593	delete $PID_CB{$pid}{$cb};	1671	delete $PID_CB{$pid}{$cb};
1594	delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} };	1672	delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} };
1595		1673
1596	undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB;	1674	undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB;
		1675	};
		1676	};
		1677	die if $@;
		1678
		1679	&child
1597	}	1680	}
1598		1681
1599	# idle emulation is done by simply using a timer, regardless	1682	# idle emulation is done by simply using a timer, regardless
1600	# of whether the process is idle or not, and not letting	1683	# of whether the process is idle or not, and not letting
1601	# the callback use more than 50% of the time.	1684	# the callback use more than 50% of the time.
1602	sub idle {	1685	sub idle {
		1686	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
		1687	*idle = sub {
1603	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1688	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
1604		1689
1605	my ($cb, $w, $rcb) = $arg{cb};	1690	my ($cb, $w, $rcb) = $arg{cb};
1606		1691
1607	$rcb = sub {	1692	$rcb = sub {
1608	if ($cb) {	1693	if ($cb) {
1609	$w = _time;	1694	$w = _time;
1610	&$cb;	1695	&$cb;
1611	$w = _time - $w;	1696	$w = _time - $w;
1612		1697
1613	# never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher,	1698	# never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher,
1614	# within some limits	1699	# within some limits
1615	$w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001;	1700	$w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001;
1616	$w = 5 if $w > 5;	1701	$w = 5 if $w > 5;
1617		1702
1618	$w = AE::timer $w, 0, $rcb;	1703	$w = AE::timer $w, 0, $rcb;
1619	} else {	1704	} else {
1620	# clean up...	1705	# clean up...
1621	undef $w;	1706	undef $w;
1622	undef $rcb;	1707	undef $rcb;
		1708	}
		1709	};
		1710
		1711	$w = AE::timer 0.05, 0, $rcb;
		1712
		1713	bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle"
1623	}	1714	};
		1715
		1716	*AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY = sub {
		1717	undef $${$_[0]};
		1718	};
1624	};	1719	};
		1720	die if $@;
1625		1721
1626	$w = AE::timer 0.05, 0, $rcb;	1722	&idle
1627
1628	bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle"
1629	}
1630
1631	sub AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY {
1632	undef $${$_[0]};
1633	}	1723	}
1634		1724
1635	package AnyEvent::CondVar;	1725	package AnyEvent::CondVar;
1636		1726
1637	our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::;	1727	our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::;
…		…
1911	warn "read: $input\n"; # output what has been read	2001	warn "read: $input\n"; # output what has been read
1912	$cv->send if $input =~ /^q/i; # quit program if /^q/i	2002	$cv->send if $input =~ /^q/i; # quit program if /^q/i
1913	},	2003	},
1914	);	2004	);
1915		2005
1916	my $time_watcher; # can only be used once
1917
1918	sub new_timer {
1919	$timer = AnyEvent->timer (after => 1, cb => sub {	2006	my $time_watcher = AnyEvent->timer (after => 1, interval => 1, cb => sub {
1920	warn "timeout\n"; # print 'timeout' about every second	2007	warn "timeout\n"; # print 'timeout' at most every second
1921	&new_timer; # and restart the time
1922	});	2008	});
1923	}
1924
1925	new_timer; # create first timer
1926		2009
1927	$cv->recv; # wait until user enters /^q/i	2010	$cv->recv; # wait until user enters /^q/i
1928		2011
1929	=head1 REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE	2012	=head1 REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE
1930		2013
…		…
2003		2086
2004	The actual code goes further and collects all errors (C<die>s, exceptions)	2087	The actual code goes further and collects all errors (C<die>s, exceptions)
2005	that occurred during request processing. The C<result> method detects	2088	that occurred during request processing. The C<result> method detects
2006	whether an exception as thrown (it is stored inside the $txn object)	2089	whether an exception as thrown (it is stored inside the $txn object)
2007	and just throws the exception, which means connection errors and other	2090	and just throws the exception, which means connection errors and other
2008	problems get reported tot he code that tries to use the result, not in a	2091	problems get reported to the code that tries to use the result, not in a
2009	random callback.	2092	random callback.
2010		2093
2011	All of this enables the following usage styles:	2094	All of this enables the following usage styles:
2012		2095
2013	1. Blocking:	2096	1. Blocking:
…		…
2374	As you can see, the AnyEvent + EV combination even beats the	2457	As you can see, the AnyEvent + EV combination even beats the
2375	hand-optimised "raw sockets benchmark", while AnyEvent + its pure perl	2458	hand-optimised "raw sockets benchmark", while AnyEvent + its pure perl
2376	backend easily beats IO::Lambda and POE.	2459	backend easily beats IO::Lambda and POE.
2377		2460
2378	And even the 100% non-blocking version written using the high-level (and	2461	And even the 100% non-blocking version written using the high-level (and
2379	slow :) L<AnyEvent::Handle> abstraction beats both POE and IO::Lambda by a	2462	slow :) L<AnyEvent::Handle> abstraction beats both POE and IO::Lambda
2380	large margin, even though it does all of DNS, tcp-connect and socket I/O	2463	higher level ("unoptimised") abstractions by a large margin, even though
2381	in a non-blocking way.	2464	it does all of DNS, tcp-connect and socket I/O in a non-blocking way.
2382		2465
2383	The two AnyEvent benchmarks programs can be found as F<eg/ae0.pl> and	2466	The two AnyEvent benchmarks programs can be found as F<eg/ae0.pl> and
2384	F<eg/ae2.pl> in the AnyEvent distribution, the remaining benchmarks are	2467	F<eg/ae2.pl> in the AnyEvent distribution, the remaining benchmarks are
2385	part of the IO::lambda distribution and were used without any changes.	2468	part of the IO::Lambda distribution and were used without any changes.
2386		2469
2387		2470
2388	=head1 SIGNALS	2471	=head1 SIGNALS
2389		2472
2390	AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals:	2473	AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals:
…		…
2432	it's built-in modules) are required to use it.	2515	it's built-in modules) are required to use it.
2433		2516
2434	That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional	2517	That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional
2435	modules if they are installed.	2518	modules if they are installed.
2436		2519
2437	This section epxlains which additional modules will be used, and how they	2520	This section explains which additional modules will be used, and how they
2438	affect AnyEvent's operetion.	2521	affect AnyEvent's operation.
2439		2522
2440	=over 4	2523	=over 4
2441		2524
2442	=item L<Async::Interrupt>	2525	=item L<Async::Interrupt>
2443		2526
…		…
2448	catch the signals) with some delay (default is 10 seconds, look for	2531	catch the signals) with some delay (default is 10 seconds, look for
2449	C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>).	2532	C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>).
2450		2533
2451	If this module is available, then it will be used to implement signal	2534	If this module is available, then it will be used to implement signal
2452	catching, which means that signals will not be delayed, and the event loop	2535	catching, which means that signals will not be delayed, and the event loop
2453	will not be interrupted regularly, which is more efficient (And good for	2536	will not be interrupted regularly, which is more efficient (and good for
2454	battery life on laptops).	2537	battery life on laptops).
2455		2538
2456	This affects not just the pure-perl event loop, but also other event loops	2539	This affects not just the pure-perl event loop, but also other event loops
2457	that have no signal handling on their own (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt).	2540	that have no signal handling on their own (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt).
2458		2541
…		…
2470	automatic timer adjustments even when no monotonic clock is available,	2553	automatic timer adjustments even when no monotonic clock is available,
2471	can take avdantage of advanced kernel interfaces such as C<epoll> and	2554	can take avdantage of advanced kernel interfaces such as C<epoll> and
2472	C<kqueue>, and is the fastest backend I<by far>. You can even embed	2555	C<kqueue>, and is the fastest backend I<by far>. You can even embed
2473	L<Glib>/L<Gtk2> in it (or vice versa, see L<EV::Glib> and L<Glib::EV>).	2556	L<Glib>/L<Gtk2> in it (or vice versa, see L<EV::Glib> and L<Glib::EV>).
2474		2557
		2558	If you only use backends that rely on another event loop (e.g. C<Tk>),
		2559	then this module will do nothing for you.
		2560
2475	=item L<Guard>	2561	=item L<Guard>
2476		2562
2477	The guard module, when used, will be used to implement	2563	The guard module, when used, will be used to implement
2478	C<AnyEvent::Util::guard>. This speeds up guards considerably (and uses a	2564	C<AnyEvent::Util::guard>. This speeds up guards considerably (and uses a
2479	lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is	2565	lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is
2480	purely used for performance.	2566	purely used for performance.
2481		2567
2482	=item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS>	2568	=item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS>
2483		2569
2484	This module is required when you want to read or write JSON data via	2570	One of these modules is required when you want to read or write JSON data
2485	L<AnyEvent::Handle>. It is also written in pure-perl, but can take	2571	via L<AnyEvent::Handle>. L<JSON> is also written in pure-perl, but can take
2486	advantage of the ultra-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed.	2572	advantage of the ultra-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed.
2487
2488	In fact, L<AnyEvent::Handle> will use L<JSON::XS> by default if it is
2489	installed.
2490		2573
2491	=item L<Net::SSLeay>	2574	=item L<Net::SSLeay>
2492		2575
2493	Implementing TLS/SSL in Perl is certainly interesting, but not very	2576	Implementing TLS/SSL in Perl is certainly interesting, but not very
2494	worthwhile: If this module is installed, then L<AnyEvent::Handle> (with	2577	worthwhile: If this module is installed, then L<AnyEvent::Handle> (with
…		…
2505		2588
2506		2589
2507	=head1 FORK	2590	=head1 FORK
2508		2591
2509	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are	2592	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are
2510	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll>	2593	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll> calls
2511	calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware.	2594	- higher performance APIs such as BSD's kqueue or the dreaded Linux epoll
		2595	are usually badly thought-out hacks that are incompatible with fork in
		2596	one way or another. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware and ensures that you
		2597	continue event-processing in both parent and child (or both, if you know
		2598	what you are doing).
		2599
		2600	This means that, in general, you cannot fork and do event processing in
		2601	the child if the event library was initialised before the fork (which
		2602	usually happens when the first AnyEvent watcher is created, or the library
		2603	is loaded).
2512		2604
2513	If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first	2605	If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first
2514	watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child OR you must do	2606	watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child OR you must do
2515	something completely out of the scope of AnyEvent.	2607	something completely out of the scope of AnyEvent.
		2608
		2609	The problem of doing event processing in the parent I<and> the child
		2610	is much more complicated: even for backends that I<are> fork-aware or
		2611	fork-safe, their behaviour is not usually what you want: fork clones all
		2612	watchers, that means all timers, I/O watchers etc. are active in both
		2613	parent and child, which is almost never what you want. USing C<exec>
		2614	to start worker children from some kind of manage rprocess is usually
		2615	preferred, because it is much easier and cleaner, at the expense of having
		2616	to have another binary.
2516		2617
2517		2618
2518	=head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS	2619	=head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
2519		2620
2520	AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via	2621	AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via

Diff Legend

-–
+Removed lines
-+
+Added lines
-<
+Changed lines
->
+Changed lines

Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents): Revision 1.279 by root, Sun Aug 9 16:05:11 2009 UTC vs. Revision 1.329 by root, Sun Jul 11 05:44:22 2010 UTC

Diff Legend

Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.279 by root, Sun Aug 9 16:05:11 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.329 by root, Sun Jul 11 05:44:22 2010 UTC